Biophysics Books

Book SynopsisIntroduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology is designed for a one-semester course in the mechanics of the cell offered to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biomedical engineering, bioengineering, and mechanical engineering. It teaches a quantitative understanding of the way cells detect, modify, and respond to the physical properties within the cell environment. Coverage includes the mechanics of single molecules, polymers, polymer networks, two-dimensional membranes, whole-cell mechanics, and mechanobiology, as well as primer chapters on solid, fluid, and statistical mechanics, and cell biology.Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology is the first cell mechanics textbook to be geared specifically toward students with diverse backgrounds in engineering and biology.Trade Review"The new text from Jacobs, Huang, and Kwon is fully worthy of the honor of being the first text reviewed in Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. After reading through the clear, simple, but rigorous text, I can say that their work does far more than just tie together some important notes in a single binding....this text is potentially transformative for the field, much in the way that the famous texts by Beer and Johnston, in the 1960s were transformative for the undergraduate study of mechanics of materials and machines." - Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering "This excellent book by a group of internationally recognized authors meets a real existing need in contemporary bioengineering education, and it does it effectively and successfully....The book was exactly what I wanted; it was entirely devoted to cell-scale problems, with numerous examples, each providing the relevant engineering or mathematical formulation, at a level suitable for good undergrad BME students....All chapters are comprehensible, logically-built and concise, and each is supported by high-quality graphics which add very much to the clarity of the contents...this book is a 'must-have'." - Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering“…[Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology] touches on all the main current techniques used to apply force to cells and to measure the forces exerted by cells….the physics behind them is well explained and derived…The book sets up a good context for why one would want to study mechanobiology and gives some good tips for designing an experiment, taking into account the fundamental differences in biology and engineering practices.”- Yale Journal of Biology and MedicineTable of ContentsPart I. Principles1. Cell Mechanics as a Framework2. Fundamentals of Cell Biology3. Solid Mechanics Primer4. Fluid Mechanics Primer5. Statistical Mechanics PrimerPart II. Practices6. Cell Mechanics in the Laboratory 7. Mechanics of Cellular Polymers8. Polymer Networks and the Cytoskeleton9. Mechanics of the Cell Membrane10. Adhesion, Migration, and Contraction of the Cell11. Mechanotransduction and Intracellular Signaling

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Book SynopsisThe present book volume presents a holistic view of the aspects of nanobiomaterials incl. their stellar merits and limitations, applications in diverse fields, their futuristic promise in the fields of biomedical science and drug delivery. The federal & regulatory issues on the usage of nanobiomaterials have been assigned due consideration.Table of ContentsApplications of Nano-Based Biomaterials. Nanocoutured Metallic Biomaterials and Surface Functionalization of Titanium-based Alloys for Medical Applications. Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications. Lipid-based Nanocarriers in Lymphatic Transport of Drugs: Retrospect and Prospects. Nanotechnology in Early Diagnosis of Cancer. Dendrimers: Emerging Anti-Infective Nanomedicines. Production and Utilization of Nanofibers. Fibro-Porous Composite Nano-Biomaterials for Enhanced Bio-Integration. Nanocarriers Mediated Protein Delivery. Nanotechnology-Based Prodrug Conjugates for Site-Specific Antineoplastic Therapy. Osteomyelitis: Therapeutic Management using Nanomedicines.Nanostructured Lipid Carriers-Mediated Methotraxate Delivery Evokes Transcription Factors to Induce Selective Apoptosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Applications. Development of In-house Nano-hydroxyapatite Particles for Dental Applications.

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Book SynopsisOffering an authoritative and timely account by twenty-nine internationally recognized experts, Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Metal Complexes in Tumor Diagnosis and as Anticancer Agents is devoted solely to the vital research area concerning metal complexes in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In fourteen stimulating chapters, the book focuses on diagnostic tools such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), luminescent probes, and radiopharmaceuticals, including radiometallo-labeled peptides and assesses the role of metal ions, especially iron, in the action of antibiotics employed in anticancer chemotherapy.Trade Review"This is one of two recent volumes in a most successful series publishes since 1973 and which enjoys world renown and respect as both reference and as training material; the current volume is no exception. … [T]his is a gem of a book for both newcomers and established researchers in the field; long may they continue!" - Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2005Promo CopyTable of ContentsMagnetic Resonance Contrast Agents for Medical and Molecular Imaging. Luminescent Lanthanide Probes as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools. Radio-Lanthanides in Nuclear Medicine. RadioMetallo-Labeled Peptides in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy. Cisplatin and Related Anticancer Drugs. Recent Advances and Insights. The Effect of Cytoprotective Agents in Platinum Anticancer Therapy. Antitumor Activity of Trans-Platinum Species. Polynuclear Platinum Drugs. Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complexes. Ruthenium Anticancer Drugs. Antitumor Titanium Compounds and Related Metallocenes. Gold Complexes as Antitumor Agents. Gallium and Other Main Group Metal Compounds as Antitumor Agents. Metal Ion Dependent Antibiotics in Chemotherapy.

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Book SynopsisSoils interact with the biological environment in a number of ways. Our understanding of these interactions can often be enhanced by computer modelling. The primary function of this book is to introduce basic modelling skills and to show how even complex problems in the relationship between soil and the biosphere can be solved using modelling packages. The author presents numerous examples using ModelMaker, an easily learnt software package. Only basic mathematical skills are expected of the reader. A demo of ModelMaker is available on CD from Cherwell ScientificTable of Contents1: Introduction 2: Nitrogen Transformation in Soil 3: Modelling kinetics 4: Nitrification 5: Denitrification 6: C/N transformations in soil organic matter 7: Soil Temperature 8: Dynamics in space and time 9: Volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity 10: Heat flow models 11: Soil Water 12: Potential concept 13: Hydraulic conductivity 14: Basic water flow model 15: Other boundary conditions 16: Infiltrability 17: Soil Energy Balance 18: Soil temperature-moisture model 19: Radiation balance 20: Water vapour movement 21: Plant Growth 22: Conceptual plant growth model 23: Photosynthesis 24: Plant growth-substrate relationships 25: Environmental factors 26: Leaching 27: Transport processes 28: Leaching models 29: Final Comments

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Book SynopsisIt is common to study the electric activity of neurons by measuring the electric potential in the extracellular space of the brain. However, interpreting such measurements requires knowledge of the biophysics underlying the electric signals. Written by leading experts in the field, this volume presents the biophysical foundations of the signals as well as results from long-term research into biophysics-based forward-modeling of extracellular brain signals. This includes applications using the open-source simulation tool LFPy, developed and provided by the authors. Starting with the physical theory of electricity in the brain, this book explains how this theory is used to simulate neuronal activity and the resulting extracellular potentials. Example applications of the theory to model representations of real neural systems are included throughout, making this an invaluable resource for students and scientists who wish to understand the brain through analysis of electric brain signals, using biophysics-based modeling.

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Book SynopsisThis detailed book explores examples of current in vitro and in silico techniques that are at the forefront of lipid membrane research today. Beginning with methods and strategies associated with the creation and use of lipid membrane models in various research settings, the volume continues with electrical impedance spectroscopy strategies and methods to identify how ions and proteins interact with model lipid bilayers, guidance on lipid bilayer in silico molecular dynamics modeling, novel techniques to explore lipid bilayer characteristics using neutron scattering, IR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), as well as unique fluorescence techniques. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series style, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Table of Contents1. Methods for Forming Giant Unilamellar Fatty Acid Vesicles Lauren A. Lowe, Daniel W.K. Loo, and Anna Wang 2. Preparing Ion Channel Switch Membrane-Based Biosensors Amani Alghalayini, Charles G. Cranfield, Bruce A. Cornell, and Stella M. Valenzuela 3. Langmuir-Schaefer Deposition to Create an Asymmetrical Lipopolysaccharide Sparsely-Tethered Lipid Bilayer Charles G. Cranfield, Anton Le Brun, Alvaro Garcia, Bruce A. Cornell, and Stephen A. Holt 4. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Convenient Tool to Characterize Tethered Bilayer Membranes Tadas Penkauskas, Filipas Ambrulevičius, and Gintaras Valinčius 5. Measuring Voltage-Current Characteristics of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes to Determine the Electro-Insertion Properties of Analytes Hadeel Alobeedallah, Bruce A. Cornell, and Hans Coster 6. Measuring Activation Energies for Ion Transport Using Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes (tBLMs) Hadeel Alobeedallah, Bruce A. Cornell, and Hans Coster 7. Determining the Pore Size of Multimeric Peptide Ion Channels Using Cation Conductance Measures of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes Lissy M. Hartmann, Alvaro Garcia, Evelyne Deplazes, and Charles G. Cranfield 8. De-Insertion Current Analysis of Pore-Forming Peptides and Proteins Using Gold Electrode-Supported Lipid Bilayer Kan Shoji 9. Drug Meets Monolayer: Understanding the Interactions of Sterol Drugs with Models of the Lung Surfactant Monolayer Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations Sheikh I. Hossain, Mohammad Z. Islam, Suvash C. Saha, and Evelyne Deplazes 10. Establishing a Lipid Bilayer for Molecular Dynamics Simulations Robby Manrique 11. Initiating Coarse-Grained MD Simulations for Membrane-Bound Proteins Amanda Buyan and Ben Corry 12. Small Angle Neutron Scattering of Liposomes: Sample Preparation to Simple Modeling Kathleen Wood 13. Time-Resolved SANS to Measure Monomer Inter-Bilayer Exchange and Intra-Bilayer Translocation Michael H.L. Nguyen, Mitchell DiPasquale, Stuart R. Castillo, and Drew Marquardt 14. Identifying Membrane Lateral Organization by Contrast-Matched Small Angle Neutron Scattering Mitchell DiPasquale, Michael H.L. Nguyen, Stuart R. Castillo, Frederick A. Heberle, and Drew Marquardt 15. Using refnx to Model Neutron Reflectometry Data from Phospholipid Bilayers Stephen A. Holt, Tara E. Oliver, and Andrew R.J. Nelson 16. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (SEIRAS) to Probe Interfacial Water in Floating Bilayer Lipid Membranes (fBLMs) Kinga Burdach, Damian Dziubak, and Slawomir Sek 17. Manipulation of Lipid Membranes with Thermal Stimuli Karolina Spustova, Lin Xue, Ruslan Ryskulov, Aldo Jesorka, and Irep Gözen 18. Analyzing Morphological Properties of Early-Stage Toxic Amyloid β Oligomers by Atomic Force Microscopy Dusan Mrdenovic, Jacek Lipkowski, and Piotr Pieta 19. Formation and Nanoscale Characterization of Asymmetric Supported Lipid Bilayers Containing Raft-Like Domains Romina F. Vázquez, Erasmo Ovalle-García, Armando Antillón, Iván Ortega-Blake, Carlos Muñoz-Garay, and Sabina M. Maté 20. Rapid FLIM Measurement of Membrane Tension Probe Flipper-TR Elvis Pandzic, Renee Whan, and Alex Macmillan 21. Bacterial Dye Release Measures in Response to Antimicrobial Peptides Srikanth Dumpati and Debarun Dutta 22. Quantitative Measurements of Membrane Lipid Order in Yeast and Fungi Maria Makarova and Dylan M. Owen

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Book SynopsisReviewing statistical mechanics concepts and tools necessary for the study of structure formation processes in macromolecular systems, this book provides insight into modern research at this interface between physics, chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology. It is an excellent reference for graduate students and researchers.Trade Review'The clarity of exposition supports the author's goal with respect to his view. In fact, as stated in the preface and outline of his work, he wished to overcome the frustration for the present contradicting and inconclusive literature in this field. The richness of specific examples also supports the book scope. The approach to modelling is also clearly described. … this book could be suitable also for non-experts in the field, due to its precise exposition of the subjects. I would recommend this book to people from different scientific backgrounds: starting from physics to biology, biochemistry and many others. The work by Bachmann should also be considered as … an acquisition, whose value is long-lasting. Finally, the exhaustive treatment contained in [this book] might also constitute a good support for defining future research paths and projects, which have now a wide spectrum of applications.' Marco Casazza, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface and outline; 1. Introduction; 2. Statistical mechanics: a modern review; 3. The complexity of minimalistic lattice models for protein folding; 4. Monte Carlo and chain growth methods for molecular simulations; 5. First insights to freezing and collapse of flexible polymers; 6. Crystallization of elastic polymers; 7. Structural phases of semiflexible polymers; 8. Generic tertiary folding properties of proteins in mesoscopic scales; 9. Protein folding channels and kinetics of two-state folding; 10. Inducing generic secondary structures by constraints; 11. Statistical analyses of aggregation processes; 12. Hierarchical nature of phase transitions; 13. Adsorption of polymers at solid substrates; 14. Hybrid protein-substrate interfaces; 15. Concluding remarks and outlook; Notes; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisExploring neuron models, the neural code, decision making and learning, this textbook provides a thorough and up-to-date introduction to computational neuroscience for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. With step-by-step explanations, end-of-chapter summaries and classroom-tested exercises, it is ideal for courses or for self-study.Table of ContentsPreface; Part I. Foundations of Neuronal Dynamics: 1. Introduction; 2. The Hodgkin–Huxley model; 3. Dendrites and synapses; 4. Dimensionality reduction and phase plane analysis; Part II. Generalized Integrate-and-Fire Neurons: 5. Nonlinear integrate-and-fire models; 6. Adaptation and firing patterns; 7. Variability of spike trains and neural codes; 8. Noisy input models: barrage of spike arrivals; 9. Noisy output: escape rate and soft threshold; 10. Estimating models; 11. Encoding and decoding with stochastic neuron models; Part III. Networks of Neurons and Population Activity: 12. Neuronal populations; 13. Continuity equation and the Fokker–Planck approach; 14. The integral-equation approach; 15. Fast transients and rate models; Part IV. Dynamics of Cognition: 16. Competing populations and decision making; 17. Memory and attractor dynamics; 18. Cortical field models for perception; 19. Synaptic plasticity and learning; 20. Outlook: dynamics in plastic networks; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe fun, easy way to get up to speed on biophysics concepts, principles, and practices One of the most diverse of modern scientific disciplines, biophysics applies methods and technologies from physics to the study of biological systems and phenomena, from the human nervous system to soil erosion to global warming.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: Getting Started with Biophysics 5 Chapter 1: Welcoming You to the World of Biophysics 7 Chapter 2: Interrogating Biophysics: The Five Ws and One H 19 Chapter 3: Speaking Physics: The Basics for All Areas of Biophysics 25 Part II: Calling the Mechanics to Fix Your Bio — Biomechanics 47 Chapter 4: Bullying Biomechanics with the Laws of Physics 49 Chapter 5: Sitting with Couch Potatoes — Static Equilibrium 77 Chapter 6: Building the Mechanics of the Human Body and Animals 105 Chapter 7: Making The World Go Round With Physics — Dynamics 139 Chapter 8: Looking at Where Moving Objects Go — Kinematics 165 Part III: Making Your Blood Boil — The Physics of Fluids 187 Chapter 9: Understanding the Mechanics of Fluids and Cohesive Forces 189 Chapter 10: Going with the Fluid Flow — Fluid Dynamics 209 Chapter 11: Breaking through to the Other Side — Transport, Membranes, and Porous Material 235 Part IV: Playing the Music Too Loud — Sound and Waves 253 Chapter 12: Examining the Physics of Waves and Sound 255 Chapter 13: Grasping How Animals and Instruments Produce Sound Waves 275 Chapter 14: Detecting Sound Waves with the Ear 293 Chapter 15: Listening to Sound — Doppler Effect, Echolocation, and Imaging 305 Part V: Interacting Subatomic Particles’ Influcence on Biological Organisms 315 Chapter 16: Charging Matter: The Laws of Physics for Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetism 317 Chapter 17: Tapping into the Physics of Radiation 339 Chapter 18: Fighting the Big C — But Not All Radiation Is Bad 359 Chapter 19: Seeing Good Biophysics in the Medical Field 375 Part VI: The Part of Tens 385 Chapter 20: Ten (or So) Tips to Help You Master Your Biophysics Course 387 Chapter 21: Ten Careers for People Studying Biophysics 391 Index 395

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Book SynopsisThis encyclopedia uniquely concentrates on biocolloids and biointerfaces rather than the broader field of colloid and interface science.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xxi Preface xxvii 1 Studies On Biocompatible Surface-Active Silica Aerogel and Polyurethane−Siloxane Cross-Linked Structures for Various Surfaces 1K. Seeni Meera, R. Murali Sankar, S. N. Jaisankar, and Asit Baran Mandal 2 Interaction of Anesthetics with Globular Proteins 17Makoto Nishimoto, Michio Yamanaka, and Hitoshi Matsuki 3 Lipid Monolayer and Interaction with Anesthetics 36Yasushi Yamamoto and Keijiro Taga 4 Atomic Force Microscopy for Measuring Interaction Forces in Biological Materials and Cells 59Naoyuki Ishida, Yasuyuki Kusaka, Tomonori Fukasawa, and Hiroyuki Shinto 5 Bacterial Interactions 68Masanori Toyofuku, Yosuke Tashiro, Tomohiro Inaba, and Nobuhiko Nomura 6 2D and 3D Biocompatible Polymers for Biomedical Devices 82Masaru Tanaka 7 Biofilm 94Hisao Morisaki 8 Use of Microorganisms for Complex ORE Beneficiation: Bioflotation as an Example 108Akira Otsuki 9 Biofouling 118Kazuho Nakamura 10 Bioinspired Microemulsions and Their Strategic Pharmacological Perspectives 122Soumik Bardhan, Kaushik Kundu, Gulmi Chakraborty, Bidyut K. Paul, Satya P. Moulik, and Swapan K. Saha 11 Development of Nonfouling Biomaterials 145Ruey-Yug Tsay and Toyoko Imae 12 Surface Characterization of Silver and Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Incorporated into Collagen-based Scaffolds as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives 161Abhishek Mandal, N. Chandrasekaran, Amitava Mukherjee, and Thothapalli P. Sastry 13 Biomimetic Polymer Aggregates: Self-Assembly Induced by Chemical Reactions 181Eri Yoshida 14 Molecular Interaction in Biomimetics and Biosystems: Chirality and Confinement at Nanodimension 195Nilashis Nandi and Saheb Dutta 15 Softinterface on Biosensing 211Yukichi Horiguchi and Yukio Nagasaki 16 Bioseparation Using Thermoresponsive Polymers 220Kenichi Nagase and Teruo Okano 17 Biosurfactants 231Etsuo Kokufuta 18 Structure and Regulation of the Blood–Brain Barrier 244Yung-Chih Kuo, Chin-Lung Lee, and Jyh-Ping Hsu 19 Boron Tracedrugs as Theranostic Agents for Neutron Dynamic Therapy 255Hitoshi Hori and Hiroshi Terada 20 Carbohydrates as Biocolloids in Nanoscience 260Zaheer Khan, Shokit Hussain, Ommer Bashir, and Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti 21 High-Strength Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels for Artificial Cartilage 269Atsushi Suzuki and Teruo Murakami 22 Superior Tribological Behaviors of Articular Cartilage and Artificial Hydrogel Cartilage 278Teruo Murakami and Atsushi Suzuki 23 Self-Assembled Cell-Mimicking Vesicles Composed of Amphiphilic Molecules: Structure and Applications 292Swati De and Ranju Prasad Mandal 24 Integrin-Dependent Cell Regulation and its Clinical Application 313Takuya Iyoda, Takuya Matsunaga, and Fumio Fukai 25 Depth Profile of Kr+-Irradiated Chitosan 325Kazunaka Endo 26 Electronic Structure of Chitosan 331Kazunaka Endo 27 Aligned Fibrillar Collagen Matrices 340Ralf Zimmermann, Jens Friedrichs, Babette Lanfer, Uwe Freudenberg, and Carsten Werner 28 Colloidal Crystallization 355Tsuneo Okubo 29 Dielectric Properties of Biological Macromolecules and Biomolecule–Water Interfaces 380Brandon Campbell, Lin Li, and Emil Alexov 30 NMR of Drug Delivery Coupled with Lipid Membrane Dynamics 391Emiko Okamura 31 Stimulus-Responsive Intelligent Drug Delivery System Based on Hydroxyapatite-Related Materials 403Makoto Otsuka 32 Drying Structure 412Tsuneo Okubo 33 Electrophoretic Mobility of Colloidal Particles 430Hiroyuki Ohshima 34 Electrostatic Interaction Between Colloidal Particles 439Hiroyuki Ohshima 35 Physicochemical Properties and Clinical Applications Of Surfactant-Free Emulsions Prepared with Electrolytic Reduction IonWater (ERI) 451Ken-ichi Shimokawa and Fumiyoshi Ishii 36 Steady-State Coupling in Enzyme Membrane 459Kazuo Nomura 37 Evaluation of Zeta-Potential of Individual Exosomes Secreted from Biological Cells Using a Microcapillary Electrophoresis Chip 469Takanori Akagi and Takanori Ichiki 38 Flocculation Dynamics on the Basis of Collision-Limited Analysis 474Yasuhisa Adachi 39 Anisotropic Gel Formation Induced by Dialysis 487Toshiaki Dobashi and Takao Yamamoto 40 Gels 498Etsuo Kokufuta 41 Gel Crystals 514Tsuneo Okubo 42 Oleic Acid-Based Surfactants as Cost-Effective Gemini Surfactants 529Kenichi Sakai and Masahiko Abe 43 Synthesis and Properties of Heterocyclic Cationic Gemini Surfactants 539Avinash Bhadani, Sukhprit Singh, Hideki Sakai, and Masahiko Abe 44 Functional Hydrogel Microspheres 554Daisuke Suzuki, Takuma Kureha, and Koji Horigome 45 Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Balance (HLB): Classical Indexation and Novel Indexation of Surfactant 570Yuji Yamashita and Kazutami Sakamoto Index 000 List of Contributors xix Preface xxv 46 Insulin Fibrillation and Role of Peptides and Small Molecules in its Inhibition Process 575Victor Banerjee and K.P. Das 47 Interfacial Water Between Charge-Neutralized Polymer and Liquid Water 592Hiromi Kitano and Makoto Gemmei-Ide 48 Langmuir Monolayer Interaction of Perfluorooctylated Long-Chain Alcohols With Biomembrane Constituents 597Hiromichi Nakahara and Osamu Shibata 49 Affinity Latex 609Haruma Kawaguchi 50 Latex Diagnosis 614Haruma Kawaguchi 51 Light Scattering and Electrophoretic Light Scattering of Biopolymers 619Etsuo Kokufuta 52 Impact of Line Tension on Colloidal Systems 628Hiroki Matsubara, Takanori Takiue, and Makoto Aratono 53 Liquid Structures and Properties of Lipids 642Makio Iwahashi 54 Birefringence in Lipid Bilayer Membranes 661Kiyoshi Mishima 55 Surface States of Lipid Monolayers Containing Gangliosides 674Shoko Yokoyama 56 Liponanocapsule: A Nanocapsule Built From a Liposomal Template 684Yuuka Fukui and Keiji Fujimoto 57 Physical Phenomena of Magnetic Suspensions for Application to Bioengineering 690Akira Satoh 58 Ion-Sensing Membrane Electrodes in Study of Surfactant–Biopolymer Interaction 704Sudeshna M. Chatterjea, Koustubh Panda, and Satya P. Moulik 59 Membrane Potential as a Function of Dielectric Constant 721Akihiko Tanioka and Hidetoshi Matsumoto 60 Biophysical Studies of a Micellar Protein α-Crystallin by Fluorescence Methods 737Aritra Chowdhury, Rajat Banerjee, and K.P. Das 61 Modeling Muscle Contraction Mechanism in Accordance with Sliding-Filament Theory 753Toshio Mitsui and Hiroyuki Ohshima 62 Nanocarriers of Functional Materials From Amino Acid Surfactants 771Geetha Baskar, S. Angayarkanny, and Asit Baran Mandal 63 Syntheses of Metallic Nanocolloids and the Quenching Abilities of Reactive Oxygen Species 784Yukihide Shiraishi and Naoki Toshima 64 Silver and Gold Nanocomposites: Amino Acid Sidechain Effect on Morphology 790Zoya Zaheer and Rafiuddin 65 Nanogel, an Internally Networked Poly(Amino Acid) Nanoparticle for pH-Responsive Delivery 799Jong-Duk Kim and Chan Woo Park 66 Strategies of Metal Nanoparticles for Nanobiology 812Daisuke Matsukuma and Hidenori Otsuka 67 On-Chip Electrophoresis for Evaluating Zeta-Potential of Nanoliposomes 821Takanori Akagi and Takanori Ichiki 68 Phase Separation in Phospholipid Bilayers Induced by Cholesterol 825Nobutake Tamai, Masaki Goto, and Hitoshi Matsuki 69 Phase Separation Phenomena in Drug Systems 841Andleeb Z. Naqvi and Kabir-ud-Din 70 Bilayer Imaging of Phosphatidylcholines by High-Pressure Fluorometry 860Masaki Goto, Nobutake Tamai, and Hitoshi Matsuki 71 Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Mechanisms Involved in Plant Response to Salt Stress 870Xiaoli Tang, Xingmin Mu, Hongbo Shao, Hongyan Wang, and Marian Brestic 72 Interfacial Phenomena of Pulmonary Surfactant Preparations 885Hiromichi Nakahara, Sannamu Lee, and Osamu Shibata 73 Using Thin Liquid Film for Study of Pulmonary Surfactants 905Dotchi Exerowa, Roumen Todorov, and Dimo Platikanov 74 Probing Receptor–Ligand Interactions on a Single Molecule Level Using Optical Tweezers 915Tim Stangner, Carolin Wagner, Christof Gutsche, Konstanze Stangner, David Singer, Stefano Angioletti-Uberti, and Friedrich Kremer 75 AC Electrokinetics of Concentrated Suspensions of Soft and Hairy Nanoparticles: Model and Experiments 933Silvia Ahualli, Angel V. Delgado, Félix Carrique, and María Luisa Jimenez 76 Electrophoretic Behavior of pH-Regulated Soft Biocolloids 946Li-Hsien Yeh and Jyh-Ping Hsu 77 Electrophoretic Mobility of Soft Particles 961Kimiko Makino and Hiroyuki Ohshima 78 Potential Distribution Around a Hard Particle and a Soft Particle 970Hiroyuki Ohshima 79 Soil Interfacial Electrical Phenomena 979Munehide Ishiguro 80 Pharmaceutical Solid–Water Interface Phenomena Measured by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 994Yusuke Hattori and Makoto Otsuka 81 Colloid Stability of Biocolloidal Dispersions 1004Tharwat Tadros 82 Stability Ratio and Early-Stage Aggregation Kinetics of Colloidal Dispersions 1014Hiroyuki Ohshima 83 Catanionic Surfactants: Novel Surrogates of Phospholipids 1120Kausik Manna and Amiya Kumar Panda 84 Phase Behavior of Natural-Sourced Surfactant Systems 1144Kenji Aramaki 85 Surfactants and Biosurfactants 1151Youichi Takata 86 Effect of Additives on Self-Association and Clouding Phenomena of Various Surface-Active Drugs 1156Md. Sayem Alam and Asit Baran Mandal 87 Thermodynamic Analysis of Partial Molar Volume in Biocolloidal Systems 1171Michio Yamanaka, Hideyuki Maekawa, Tamaki Yasui, and Hitoshi Matsuki 88 Van Der Waals Interaction Between Colloidal Particles 1187Hiroyuki Ohshima 89 Wormlike Micelles with Nonionic Surfactants 1195Rekha Goswami Shrestha, Kenji Aramaki, Hideki Sakai, and Masahiko Abe Index

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Book SynopsisA thorough explanation of the tenets of biomechanics At once a basic and applied science, biomechanics focuses on the mechanical cause-effect relationships that determine the motions of living organisms. Biomechanics for Dummies examines the relationship between biological and mechanical worlds.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 1 Foolish Assumptions 2 Icons Used in This Book 3 Beyond the Book 3 Where to Go from Here 4 Part I: Getting Started with Biomechanics 5 Chapter 1: Jumping Into Biomechanics 7 Analyzing Movement with Biomechanics 7 Mechanics 8 Bio 9 Expanding on Mechanics 10 Describing motion with kinematics 11 Causing motion with kinetics 13 Putting Biomechanics to Work 14 Chapter 2: Reviewing the Math You Need for Biomechanics 15 Getting Orientated 16 Brushing Up on Algebra 17 Following the order of operations 17 Defining some math operations 19 Isolating a variable 20 Interpreting proportionality 22 Looking for the Hypotenuse 23 Using the Pythagorean theorem 24 De-tricking trigonometric functions: SOH CAH TOA 26 Unvexing Vector Quantities 31 Resolving a vector into components 33 Composing a vector from components 35 Chapter 3: Speaking the Language of Biomechanics 37 Measuring Scalars and Vectors 38 Standardizing a Reference Frame 39 Directing your attention to locations of the body 40 Referencing planes and axes 40 Describing Movement: Kinematics 42 Typecasting motion: Linear, angular, and general 42 Describing how far: Distance and displacement 43 Describing how fast: Speed and velocity 44 Changing velocity: Acceleration 45 Pushing and Pulling into Kinetics 45 Forcing yourself to understand Newton’s laws of motion 47 Using the impulse–momentum relationship 49 Working with Energy and Power 49 Mechanical work 49 Mechanical energy 50 Mechanical power 51 Turning Force into Torque 51 Dealing with Measurement Units 51 Using the Neuromusculoskeletal System to Move 52 The skeletal system 53 The muscular system 53 The nervous system 55 Part II: Looking At Linear Mechanics 57 Chapter 4: Making Motion Change: Force 59 Pushing and Pulling: What Is Force? 59 Working with Force Vectors 65 Using the force components to find the resultant 66 Resolving a force into components 68 Classifying Forces 69 Contact and noncontact forces 69 Internal and external forces 70 Feeling the Pull of Gravity 74 Slipping, Sliding, and Staying Put: Friction Is FμN 76 Materials do matter: The coefficient of friction ( μ ) 80 Squeezing to stick: Normal reaction force (N) 81 Chapter 5: Describing Linear Motion: Linear Kinematics 83 Identifying Position 84 Describing How Far a Body Travels 85 Distance.85 Displacement 86 Describing How Fast a Body Travels 88 Speed 89 Velocity 90 Momentum 92 Speeding Up or Slowing Down: Acceleration 92 Constant acceleration 95 Projectile motion 95 Chapter 6: Causing Linear Motion: Linear Kinetics 103 Clarifying Net Force and Unbalanced Force 103 Newton’s First Law: The Law of Inertia 106 Newton’s Third Law: The Law of Equal and Opposite Action–Reaction 107 Newton’s Second Law: The Law of Acceleration 109 Deriving the impulse–momentum relationship from the law of acceleration 112 Applying the impulse–momentum relationship for movement analysis 114 Chapter 7: Looking At Force and Motion Another Way: Work, Energy, and Power 119 Working with Force 120 Energizing Movement 122 Kinetic energy 123 Potential energy 124 Conserving Mechanical Energy 128 Powering Better Performance 130 The Work–Energy Relationship 131 Part III: Investigating Angular Mechanics 137 Chapter 8: Twisting and Turning: Torques and Moments of Force 139 Defining Torque 140 Lining up for rotation: The moment arm of a force 141 Calculating the turning effect of a force 142 Measuring Torque 144 Muscling into torque: How muscles serve as torque generators 145 Resisting torque: External torques on the body 148 Expanding on Equilibrium: Balanced Forces and Torques 149 Locating the Center of Gravity of a Body 152 Chapter 9: Angling into Rotation: Angular Kinematics 157 Measuring Angular Position 157 Describing How Far a Body Rotates 160 Angular distance 161 Angular displacement 162 Describing How Fast a Body Rotates 163 Angular speed.163 Angular velocity 164 Speeding Up or Slowing Down: Angular Acceleration 165 Relating Angular Motion to Linear Motion 167 Angular displacement and linear displacement 168 Angular velocity and linear velocity 169 Angular acceleration and linear acceleration 171 Chapter 10: Causing Angular Motion: Angular Kinetics 173 Resisting Angular Motion: The Moment of Inertia 174 The moment of inertia of a segment174 The moment of inertia of the whole body 178 Considering Angular Momentum 180 Angular momentum of a rigid body 180 Angular momentum of the human body when individual segments rotate 181 A New Angle on Newton: Angular Versions of Newton’s Laws 181 Maintaining angular momentum: Newton’s first law.182 Changing angular momentum: Newton’s second law 186 Equal but opposite: Newton’s third law189 Changing Angular Momentum with Angular Impulse 191 Chapter 11: Fluid Mechanics 193 Buoyancy: Floating Along 193 Considering Force Due to Motion in Fluid 197 Causing drag in a fluid 198 Causing lift in a fluid 201 Part IV: Analyzing the “Bio” of Biomechanics 205 Chapter 12: Stressing and Straining: The Mechanics of Materials 207 Visualizing Internal Loading of a Body 208 Applying Internal Force: Stress 210 Normal stress 212 Shear stress 217 Responding to Internal Force: Strain 219 Determining tensile strain 221 Determining compressive strain 221 Determining shear strain 222 Straining from Stress: The Stress–Strain Relationship 223 Give and go: Behaving elastically 224 Give and stay: Behaving plastically 224 Chapter 13: Boning Up on Skeletal Biomechanics 227 What the Skeletal System Does 228 How Bones Are Classified 228 The Materials and Structure of Bones 230 Materials: What bones are made of 231 Structure: How bones are organized 232 Connecting Bones: Joints 234 Immovable joints 234 Slightly movable joints 234 Freely movable joints 235 Growing and Changing Bone 237 Changing bone dimensions 238 Stressing bone: The effects of physical activity and inactivity 239 Chapter 14: Touching a Nerve: Neural Considerations in Biomechanics 247 Monitoring and Controlling the Body: The Roles of the Nervous System 248 Outlining the Nervous System 248 The central nervous system 250 The peripheral nervous system 250 Zeroing In on Neurons 251 Parts of neurons 251 Types of neurons 251 Controlling Motor Units 259 Motor unit recruitment 261 Rate coding 261 Chapter 15: Muscling Segments Around: Muscle Biomechanics 263 Characterizing Muscle 263 Seeing How Skeletal Muscles Are Structured 265 The macrostructure of muscles 266 The microstructure of muscle fibers.268 Comparing Types of Muscle Activity 270 Isometric activity 271 Concentric activity 272 Eccentric activity 272 Producing Muscle Force 274 Relating muscle length and tension 274 Relating muscle velocity and tension277 Stretching before Shortening: The Key to Optimal Muscle Force 279 Part V: Applying Biomechanics 283 Chapter 16: Eyeballing Performance: Qualitative Analysis 285 Serving as a Movement Analyst 286 Evaluating the Performance 287 Identifying the goal of the movement 287 Specifying the mechanical objective 289 Determining whether the goal has been reached 290 Troubleshooting the Performance 293 Constraints on performance 293 Technique errors 294 Pitching by the phases 298 Intervening to Improve the Performance 302 Adapting the constraints on throwing performance 302 Refining technique 303 Chapter 17: Putting a Number on Performance: Quantitative Analysis 305 Converting Continuous Data to Numbers 305 Measuring Kinematics: Motion-Capture Systems 306 Collecting kinematic data 307 Processing kinematic data 308 Measuring Kinetics: Force Platform Systems 310 Collecting kinetic data 310 Processing kinetic data 312 Recording Muscle Activity: Electromyography 313 Collecting the electromyogram 314 Processing the electromyogram 315 Chapter 18: Furthering Biomechanics: Research Applications 319 Exercising in Space 319 Repairing the Anterior Cruciate Ligament 320 Running Like Our Ancestors 322 Protecting Our Beans: Helmet Design 324 Balancing on Two Legs: Harder Than You Think 326 Chapter 19: Investigating Forensic Biomechanics: How Did It Happen? 329 Collecting Information for a Forensic Biomechanics Analysis 330 Witness accounts 330 Police incident investigation reports 331 Medical records 331 Determining the Mechanism of Injury 332 Evaluating Different Scenarios 335 Ending up on the far side of the road 335 Landing in water with a broken jaw 336 Part VI: The Parts of Tens 339 Chapter 20: Ten Online Resources for Biomechanics 341 The Exploratorium 341 The Physics Classroom 341 Coaches Info 342 Textbook-Related Websites 343 Topend Sports 343 Dr. Mike Marshall’s Pitching Coach Services 343 Waterloo’s Dr. Spine, Stuart McGill 344 Skeletal Bio Lab 345 Biomch-L 345 American Society of Biomechanics 346 Chapter 21: Ten Things You May Not Know about Biomechanics 347 Looking at How Biomechanics Got Its Start 347 Adding Realism to Entertainment 348 Developing Safer Motor Vehicles 348 Improving the On-Shelf Quality of Fruits and Vegetables 349 Fitting Footwear to the Activity 350 Banning Biomechanically Improved Sport Techniques 351 Re-Creating Dinosaurs 352 Designing Universally and Ergonomically 352 Giving a Hand to Prosthetics Design 353 Losing Weight to Help Your Joints 354 Chapter 22: Ten Ways to Succeed in Your Biomechanics Course 355 Go to Class and Ask Questions 355 Read the Textbook 356 Do the Problems and Review Questions at the End of the Chapter 357 Create Flashcards 357 Go to Office Hours 358 Form a Study Group with Classmates 358 Accept and Apply Newton as the Foundation of Movement Analysis 359 Talk Fluent Biomechanics with Your Classmates 359 Volunteer for Research Projects 360 Attend a Biomechanics Conference 361 Index 363

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Book SynopsisA thoroughly updated and extended new edition of this well-regarded introduction to the basic concepts of biological physics for students in the health and life sciences. Designed to provide a solid foundation in physics for students following health science courses, the text is divided into six sections: Mechanics, Solids and Fluids, Thermodynamics, Electricity and DC Circuits, Optics, and Radiation and Health. Filled with illustrative examples, Introduction to Biological Physics for the Health and Life Sciences, Second Edition features a wealth of concepts, diagrams, ideas and challenges, carefully selected to reference the biomedical sciences. Resources within the text include interspersed problems, objectives to guide learning, and descriptions of key concepts and equations, as well as further practice problems. NEW CHAPTERS INCLUDE: Optical Instruments Advanced Geometric Optics Thermodynamic Processes HeTable of ContentsI Mechanics 1 Chapter 1 Kinematics 3 Chapter 2 Force and Newton’s Laws of Motion 17 Chapter 3 Motion in a Circle 31 Chapter 4 Statics 37 Chapter 5 Energy 47 Chapter 6 Momentum 61 Chapter 7 Simple Harmonic Motion 69 Chapter 8 Waves 79 Chapter 9 Sound and Hearing 91 II Solids and Fluids 107 Chapter 10 Elasticity: Stress and Strain 109 Chapter 11 Pressure 119 Chapter 12 Buoyancy 133 Chapter 13 Surface Tension and Capillarity 141 Chapter 14 Fluid Dynamics of Non-viscous Fluids 149 Chapter 15 Fluid Dynamics of Viscous Fluids 159 Chapter 16 Molecular Transport Phenomena 165 III Thermodynamics 171 Chapter 17 Temperature and the Zeroth Law 173 Chapter 18 Ideal Gases 185 Chapter 19 Phase and Temperature Change 199 Chapter 20 Water Vapour and the Atmosphere 213 Chapter 21 Heat Transfer 227 Chapter 22 Thermodynamics and the Body 239 Chapter 23 Thermodynamic Processes in Ideal Gases 249 Chapter 24 Heat Engines and Entropy 263 Chapter 25 Energy Availability and Thermodynamic Potentials 279 IV Electricity and DC Circuits 293 Chapter 26 Static Electricity 295 Chapter 27 Electric Force and Electric Field 301 Chapter 28 Electrical Potential and Energy 311 Chapter 29 Capacitance 323 Chapter 30 Direct Currents and DC Circuits 333 Chapter 31 Time Behaviour of RC Circuits 351 V Optics 359 Chapter 32 The Nature of Light 361 Chapter 33 Geometric Optics 375 Chapter 34 The Eye and Vision 393 Chapter 35 Wave Optics 411 Chapter 36 Advanced Geometric Optics 429 Chapter 37 Optical Instruments 449 Chapter 38 Atoms and Atomic Physics 463 Chapter 39 The Nucleus and Nuclear Physics 475 Chapter 40 Production of Ionising Radiation 485 Chapter 41 Interactions of Ionising Radiation 499 Chapter 42 Biological Effects of Ionising Radiation 509 Chapter 43 Medical Imaging 519 Chapter 44 Magnetism and MRI 525 Appendices 550 Appendix A Physical Constants 551 Appendix B Basic Maths and Science Skills 553 Appendix C Answers to Odd Numbered Problems 565 Selected Further Reading 576 Index 579

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Book SynopsisThe Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics field with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. This volume explores topics from Thermodynamic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions to ion-binding of polyelectrolytes. The book features: The only series of volumes available that presents the cutting edge of research in chemical physics Contributions from experts in this field of research Representative cross-section of research that questions established thinking on chemical solutions An editorial framework that makes the book an excellent supplement to an advanced graduate class in physical chemistry or chemical physics Table of ContentsPreface to the Series vii Preface ix Introductory Remarks 1 Thermodynamic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Solutions 21 Ionization Equilibrium and Potentiometric Titration of Weak Polyelectrolytes 67 Molecular Conformation of Linear Polyelectrolytes 115 Radius of Gyration and Intrinsic Viscosity of Linear Polyelectrolytes 153 Transport Phenomena of Linear Polyelectrolytes 193 Ion-Binding 241 Author Index 277 Subject Index 281

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Book SynopsisApplied Biophysics for Drug Discovery is a guide to new techniques and approaches to identifying and characterizing small molecules in early drug discovery.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xiii 1 Introduction 1Donald Huddler References 3 2 Thermodynamics in Drug Discovery 7Ronan O’Brien, Natalia Markova, and Geoffrey A. Holdgate 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Methods for Measuring Thermodynamics of Biomolecular Interactions 8 2.2.1 Direct Method: Isothermal Titration Calorimetry 8 2.2.2 Indirect Methods: van’t Hoff Analysis 8 2.2.2.1 Enthalpy Measurement Using van’t Hoff Analysis 8 2.3 Thermodynamic‐Driven Lead Optimization 9 2.3.1 The Thermodynamic Rules of Thumb 9 2.3.2 Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation 10 2.3.3 Enthalpy–Entropy Transduction 13 2.3.4 The Role of Water 14 2.4 Enthalpy as a Probe for Binding 15 2.4.1 Thermodynamics in Fragment‐Based Drug Design (FBDD) 15 2.4.2 Experimental Considerations and Limitations When Working with Fragments 16 2.4.3 Enthalpic Screening 17 2.5 Enthalpy as a Tool for Studying Complex Interactions 17 2.5.1 Identifying and Handling Complexity 17 2.6 Current and Future Prospects for Thermodynamics in Decision‐Making Processes 24 References 25 3 Tailoring Hit Identification and Qualification Methods for Targeting Protein–Protein Interactions 29Björn Walse, Andrew P. Turnbull, and Susan M. Boyd 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Structural Characteristics of PPI Interfaces 29 3.3 Screening Library Properties 31 3.3.1 Standard/Targeted Libraries/DOS 31 3.3.2 Fragment Libraries 33 3.3.3 Macrocyclic and Constrained Peptides 33 3.3.4 DNA‐Encoded Libraries 34 3.4 Hit‐Finding Strategies 34 3.4.1 Small‐Molecule Approaches 36 3.4.2 Peptide‐Based Approaches 38 3.4.3 In Silico Approaches 39 3.5 Druggability Assessment 39 3.5.1 Small Molecule: Ligand‐Based Approaches 41 3.5.2 Small Molecule: Protein Structure‐Based Approaches 41 3.6 Allosteric Inhibition of PPIs 42 3.7 Stabilization of PPIs 43 3.8 Case Studies 43 3.8.1 Primary Peptide Epitopes 43 3.8.1.1 Bromodomains 44 3.8.2 Secondary Structure Epitopes 46 3.8.2.1 Bcl‐2 46 3.8.2.2 p53/MDM2 47 3.8.3 Tertiary Structure Epitopes 47 3.8.3.1 CD80–CD28 48 3.8.3.2 IL‐17A 48 3.9 Summary 49 References 50 4 Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry in Drug Discovery - Theory, Practice and Future 61Thorleif Lavold, Roman Zubarev, and Juan Astorga‐Wells 4.1 General Principles 61 4.2 Parameters Affecting Deuterium Incorporation 63 4.2.1 Primary Sequence 63 4.2.2 Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding 63 4.2.3 Solvent Accessibility 63 4.2.4 pH Value 63 4.3 Utilization of HDX MS 64 4.3.1 Binding Site and Structural Changes Characterization upon Ligand Binding 64 4.3.1.1 Protein Stability - Biosimilar Characterization 64 4.4 Practical Aspects of HDX MS 65 4.4.1 Labeling 66 4.4.1.1 Deuterium Oxide and Protein Concentration 66 4.4.1.2 Ligand/Protein Ratio 66 4.4.1.3 Incubation–Labeling Time 66 4.4.1.4 Careful Preparation of the Control Sample 66 4.4.2 Sample Analysis 66 4.4.3 Data Analysis 67 4.5 Advantages of HDX MS 67 4.6 Perspectives and Future Application of HDX MS 68 References 69 5 Microscale Thermophoresis in Drug Discovery 73Tanja Bartoschik, Melanie Maschberger, Alessandra Feoli, Timon André, Philipp Baaske, Stefan Duhr, and Dennis Breitsprecher 5.1 Microscale Thermophoresis 73 5.1.1 Theoretical Background 74 5.1.2 Added Values for Small‐Molecule Interaction Studies 76 5.1.2.1 Size‐Change Independent Binding Signals 76 5.1.2.2 Difficult Targets and Assay Conditions 78 5.1.2.3 Detection of Aggregation and Other Secondary Effects 80 5.1.2.4 Quantification of Thermodynamic Parameters by MST 80 5.2 MST‐Based Lead Discovery 82 5.2.1 Single‐Point Screening 82 5.2.2 Secondary Affinity‐Based Fragment Screening by MST 85 5.2.3 Hit Identification and Affinity Determination of Small‐Molecule Binders to p38 Alpha Kinase 87 References 87 6 SPR Screening: Applying the New Generation of SPR Hardware 93Kartik Narayan and Steven S. Carroll 6.1 Platforms for Screening 93 6.2 SensiQ Pioneer as a “OneStep” Solution for Hit Identification 95 6.3 Deprioritization of False Positives Arising from Compound Aggregation 99 6.4 Concluding Remarks 103 References 104 7 Weak Affinity Chromatography (WAC) 107Sten Ohlson and Minh‐Dao Duong‐Thi 7.1 Introduction 107 7.2 Theory of WAC 109 7.3 Virtual WAC 110 7.4 Equipment and Procedure 111 7.5 Validation of WAC 113 7.6 Applications 114 7.6.1 Inhibitors for Cholera Toxin 115 7.6.2 Drug/Hormone: Protein Binding 115 7.6.3 Analysis of Stereoisomers 119 7.6.4 Carbohydrate Analysis with Antibodies and Lectins 120 7.6.5 Fragment Screening 121 7.6.6 Membrane Proteins 122 7.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 124 Acknowledgments 125 References 125 8 1D NMR Methods for Hit Identification 131Mary J. Harner, Guille Metzler, Caroline A. Fanslau, Luciano Mueller, and William J. Metzler 8.1 Introduction 131 8.2 NMR Methods for Quality Control 131 8.2.1 Compound DMSO Stock Concentration Determination 132 8.2.2 Compound Solubility Measurements in Aqueous Buffer 134 8.2.3 Compound Structural Integrity 136 8.2.4 Protein Reagent Characterization 136 8.3 NMR Binding Assays 136 8.3.1 Saturation Transfer Difference Assay 138 8.3.2 T2 Relaxation Assay 140 8.3.3 WaterLOGSY Assay 141 8.3.4 19F Displacement Assay 142 8.4 Multiplexing 143 8.5 Specificity 144 8.6 Automation 146 8.7 Practical Considerations for NMR Binding Assays 146 8.7.1 Compound Libraries 146 8.7.2 Tube Selection and Filling 147 8.7.3 Buffers 148 8.7.4 Targets 149 8.7.5 Experiment Selection 150 8.8 Conclusions 151 References 151 9 Protein‐Based NMR Methods Applied to Drug Discovery 153Alessio Bortoluzzi and Alessio Ciulli 9.1 Introduction 153 9.2 Chemical Shift Perturbation 154 9.2.1 Using Chemical Shift Perturbation to Study a Binding Event Between a Protein and a Ligand 154 9.2.2 Tackling the High Molecular Weight Limit by Reducing Transverse Relaxation and by Selective Labeling Patterns 156 9.2.3 CSP as Tool for Screening Campaigns 157 9.2.4 Structure–Activity Relationship by NMR 160 9.3 Methods for Obtaining Structural Information on Protein–Ligand Complex 160 9.3.1 SOS‐NMR 161 9.3.2 NOE‐Matching 162 9.3.3 Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy 162 9.4 Recent and Innovative Examples of Protein‐Observed NMR Techniques Applied Drug Discovery 163 9.4.1 An NMR‐Based Conformational Assay to Aid the Drug Discovery Process 163 9.4.2 In‐Cell NMR Techniques Applied to Drug Discovery 165 9.4.3 Time‐Resolved NMR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Studying Inhibitors of Posttranslational Modification Enzymes 166 9.4.4 Protein‐Observed 19F NMR Spectroscopy 168 9.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 170 References 170 10 Applications of Ligand and Protein‐Observed NMR in Ligand Discovery 175Isabelle Krimm 10.1 Introduction 175 10.2 Ligand‐Observed NMR Experiments Based on the Overhauser Effect 176 10.2.1 Transferred NOE, ILOE, and INPHARMA Experiments 176 10.2.1.1 Principle of the Transferred 2D 1H‐1H NOESY Experiment 176 10.2.1.2 Fragment‐Based Screening Using 2D Tr‐NOESY Experiment 178 10.2.1.3 Elucidation of the Active Conformation of the Ligand Using 2D 1H‐1H NOESY Experiment 178 10.2.1.4 Design of Protein Inhibitors Using Interligand NOEs 178 10.2.1.5 Identification of the Ligand Binding Site and Binding Mode Using INPHARMA 178 10.2.1.6 Design of Protein Inhibitors Using INPHARMA with Protein–Peptide Complexes 179 10.2.1.7 Experimental Conditions of the 2D 1H‐1H NOESY Experiment 179 10.2.2 Saturation Transfer Difference Experiment 180 10.2.2.1 Principle of the STD Experiment 180 10.2.2.2 Detection of Interactions and Library Screening by STD 180 10.2.2.3 Epitope Mapping by STD 181 10.2.2.4 Affinity Measurement by STD 181 10.2.2.5 Quantitative STD Using CORCEMA 183 10.2.2.6 Experimental Conditions 183 10.2.3 WaterLOGSY Experiment 184 10.2.3.1 Principle of the WaterLOGSY Experiment 184 10.2.3.2 Screening and Affinity Measurement by WaterLOGSY 184 10.2.3.3 Epitope Mapping and Water Accessibility in Protein–Ligand Complexes by WaterLOGSY 184 10.2.3.4 Experimental Conditions 185 10.3 Protein‐Observed NMR Experiments: Chemical Shift Perturbations 185 10.3.1 Principle 185 10.3.2 Affinity Measurement Using CSPs 186 10.3.3 Localization of Binding Sites Using CSPs 186 10.3.3.1 Chemical Shift Mapping 186 10.3.3.2 J‐Surface Modeling 187 10.3.4 Comparison of CSPs from Analogous Ligands 187 10.3.5 Back‐Calculation of Ligand‐Induced CSPs for Ligand Docking 187 10.3.5.1 CSP‐Based Post‐Docking Filter 189 10.3.5.2 CSP‐Guided Docking 189 10.4 Conclusion 189 Acknowledgments 191 References 191 11 Using Biophysical Methods to Optimize Compound Residence Time 197Geoffrey A. Holdgate, Philip Rawlins, Michal Bista, and Christopher J. Stubbs 11.1 Introduction 197 11.2 Biophysical Methods for Measuring Ligand Binding Kinetics 197 11.3 Measuring Structure–Kinetic Relationships: Some Example Case Studies 200 11.4 Effects of Conformational Dynamics on Binding Kinetics 201 11.5 Kinetic Selectivity 204 11.6 Mechanism of Binding and Kinetics 207 11.7 Optimizing Residence Time 207 11.8 Role of BK in Improving Efficacy 209 11.9 Effect of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 210 11.10 Summary 212 References 213 12 Applying Biophysical and Biochemical Methods to the Discovery of Allosteric Modulators of the AAA ATPase p97 217Stacie L. Bulfer and Michelle R. Arkin 12.1 p97 and Proteostasis Regulation 217 12.2 Structure and Dynamics of p97 218 12.3 Drug Discovery Efforts against p97 222 12.4 Uncompetitive Inhibitors of p97 Discovered by High‐Throughput Screening 223 12.4.1 Biochemical MOA Studies 223 12.4.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance 225 12.4.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 226 12.4.4 Cryo‐EM Defines the Binding Site for an Uncompetitive Inhibitor of p97 228 12.4.5 Effect of Inhibitors on p97 PPI and MSP1 Disease Mutations 231 12.5 Fragment‐ Based Ligand Screening 231 12.5.1 Targeting the ND1 Domains 232 12.5.2 Targeting the N‐Domain 233 12.6 Conclusions 234 References 234 13 Driving Drug Discovery with Biophysical Information: Application to Staphylococcus aureus Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR) 241Parag Sahasrabudhe, Veerabahu Shanmugasundaram, Mark Flanagan, Kris A. Borzilleri, Holly Heaslet, Anil Rane, Alex McColl, Tim Subashi, George Karam, Ron Sarver, Melissa Harris, Boris A.Chrunyk, Chakrapani Subramanyam, Thomas V. Magee, Kelly Fahnoe, Brian Lacey, Henry Putz, J. Richard Miller, Jaehyun Cho, Arthur Palmer III, and Jane M. Withka 13.1 Introduction 241 13.2 Results and Discussion 245 13.2.1 Protein Dynamics of SA WT and S1 Mutant DHFR in Apo and Bound States 245 13.2.2 Protein Backbone 15N, 13C, and 1H NMR Resonance Assignments 246 13.2.3 Protein Residues Show Severe Line Broadening due to Conformational Exchange 246 13.2.4 R2 Relaxation Dispersion NMR Experiments 248 13.2.5 Kinetic Profiling of DHFR Inhibitors 251 13.2.6 Characterization of SA WT and S1 Mutant DHFR–TMP Interactions in Solution 253 13.2.7 Prospective Biophysics Library Design 254 13.3 Conclusion 258 References 259 14 Assembly of Fragment Screening Libraries: Property and Diversity Analysis 263Bradley C. Doak, Craig J. Morton, Jamie S. Simpson, and Martin J. Scanlon 14.1 Introduction 263 14.2 Physicochemical Properties of Fragments 265 14.3 Molecular Diversity and Its Assessment 268 14.4 Experimental Evaluation of Fragments 274 14.5 Assembling Libraries for Screening 275 14.6 Concluding Remarks 279 References 280 Index 285

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Book SynopsisBioelectronics is a rich field of research involving the application of electronics engineering principles to biology, medicine, and the health sciences. With its interdisciplinary nature, bioelectronics spans state-of-the-art research at the interface between the life sciences, engineering and physical sciences.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Acknowledgements xix 1 Basic Chemical and Biochemical Concepts 1 1.1 Chapter Overview 1 1.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions 1 1.3 Water and Hydrogen Bonds 15 1.4 Acids, Bases and pH 18 1.5 Summary of Key Concepts 25 2 Cells and their Basic Building Blocks 29 2.1 Chapter Overview 29 2.2 Lipids and Biomembranes 29 2.3 Carbohydrates and Sugars 32 2.4 Amino Acids, Polypeptides and Proteins 34 2.5 Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, DNA, RNA and Genes 43 2.6 Cells and Pathogenic Bioparticles 51 2.7 Summary of Key Concepts 70 3 Basic Biophysical Concepts and Methods 73 3.1 Chapter Overview 73 3.2 Electrostatic Interactions 74 3.3 Hydrophobic and Hydration Forces 90 3.4 Osmolarity, Tonicity and Osmotic Pressure 91 3.5 Transport of Ions and Molecules across Cell Membranes 94 3.6 Electrochemical Gradients and Ion Distributions Across Membranes 99 3.7 Osmotic Properties of Cells 103 3.8 Probing the Electrical Properties of Cells 105 3.9 Membrane Equilibrium Potentials 111 3.10 Nernst Potential and Nernst Equation 112 3.11 The Equilibrium (Resting) Membrane Potential 114 3.12 Membrane Action Potential 116 3.13 Channel Conductance 120 3.14 The Voltage Clamp 121 3.15 Patch-Clamp Recording 122 3.16 Electrokinetic Effects 124 4 Spectroscopic Techniques 147 4.1 Chapter Overview 147 4.2 Introduction 148 4.3 Classes of Spectroscopy 151 4.4 The Beer-Lambert Law 165 4.5 Impedance Spectroscopy 170 5 Electrochemical Principles and Electrode Reactions 177 5.1 Chapter Overview 177 5.2 Introduction 178 5.3 Electrochemical Cells and Electrode Reactions 180 5.4 Electrical Control of Electron Transfer Reactions 194 5.5 Reference Electrodes 203 5.6 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 208 6 Biosensors 215 6.1 Chapter Overview 215 6.2 Introduction 215 6.3 Immobilisation of the Biosensing Agent 217 6.4 Biosensor Parameters 218 6.5 Amperometric Biosensors 228 6.6 Potentiometric Biosensors 233 6.7 Conductometric and Impedimetric Biosensors 237 6.8 Sensors Based on Antibody–Antigen Interaction 240 6.9 Photometric Biosensors 242 6.10 Biomimetic Sensors 245 6.11 Glucose Sensors 247 6.12 Biocompatibility of Implantable Sensors 252 7 Basic Sensor Instrumentation and Electrochemical Sensor Interfaces 259 7.1 Chapter Overview 259 7.2 Transducer Basics 260 7.3 Sensor Amplification 262 7.4 The Operational Amplifier 264 7.5 Limitations of Operational Amplifiers 269 7.6 Instrumentation for Electrochemical Sensors 271 7.7 Impedance Based Biosensors 278 7.8 FET Based Biosensors 284 8 Instrumentation for Other Sensor Technologies 297 8.1 Chapter Overview 297 8.2 Temperature Sensors and Instrumentation 298 8.3 Mechanical Sensor Interfaces 304 8.4 Optical Biosensor Technology 325 8.5 Transducer Technology for Neuroscience and Medicine 335 9 Microfluidics: Basic Physics and Concepts 343 9.1 Chapter Overview 343 9.2 Liquids and Gases 343 9.3 Fluids Treated as a Continuum 346 9.4 Basic Fluidics 354 9.5 Fluid Dynamics 356 9.6 Navier-Stokes Equations 365 9.7 Continuum versus Molecular Model 369 9.8 Diffusion 378 9.9 Surface Tension 383 10 Microfluidics: Dimensional Analysis and Scaling 391 10.1 Chapter Overview 391 10.2 Dimensional Analysis 391 10.3 Dimensionless Parameters 400 10.4 Applying Nondimensional Parameters to Practical Flow Problems 411 10.5 Characteristic Time Scales 412 10.6 Applying Micro- and Nano-Physics to the Design of Microdevices 413 Problems 415 References 416 Appendix A: SI Prefixes 417 Appendix B: Values of Fundamental Physical Constants 419 Appendix C: Model Answers for Self-study Problems 421 Index 435

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Book SynopsisIn a living body, a variety of molecules are working in a concerted manner to maintain its life, and to carry forward the genetic information from generation to generation. A key word to understand such processes is water, which plays an essential role in life phenomena. This book sheds light on life phenomena, which are woven by biomolecules as warp and water as weft, by means of statistical mechanics of molecular liquids, the RISM and 3D-RISM theories, both in equilibrium and non-equilibrium. A considerable number of pages are devoted to basics of mathematics and physics, so that students who have not majored in physics may be able to study the book by themselves. The book will also be helpful to those scientists seeking better tools for the computer-aided-drug-discovery.   Explains basics of the statistical mechanics of molecular liquids, or RISM and 3D-RISM theories, and its application to water. Provides outline of the generalTable of ContentsGeneral Introduction. Fundamentals: Basic Concepts Related to Statistical Mechanics. Statistical Mechanics of Liquid and Solutions. Dynamics of Liquids and Solutions. Theory of Biomolecular Solvation and Molecular Recognition. Structural Fluctuation and Dynamics of Protein in Aqueous Solutions. Applications of the Theories to In-silico Drug Discovery. References. Epilogue.

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Book SynopsisFluid dynamics plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including the locomotion of cells such as bacteria and spermatozoa. These organisms possess flagella, slender organelles whose time periodic motion in a fluid environment gives rise to motility. Sitting at the intersection of applied mathematics, physics and biology, the fluid dynamics of cell motility is one of the most successful applications of mathematical tools to the understanding of the biological world. Based on courses taught over several years, it details the mathematical modelling necessary to understand cell motility in fluids, covering phenomena ranging from single-cell motion to instabilities in cell populations. Each chapter introduces mathematical models to rationalise experiments, uses physical intuition to interpret mathematical results, highlights the history of the field and discusses notable current research questions. All mathematical derivations are included for students new to the field, and end-of-Table of ContentsPart I. Fundamentals: 1. Biological background; 2. The fluid dynamics of microscopic locomotion; 3. The waving sheet model; 4. The squirmer model; Part II. Cellular locomotion: 5. Flagella and the physics of viscous propulsion; 6. Hydrodynamics of slender filaments; 7. Waving of eukaryotic flagella; 8. Rotation of bacterial flagellar filaments; 9. Flows and stresses induced by cells; Part III. Interactions: 10. Swimming cells in flows; 11. Self-propulsion and surfaces; 12. Hydrodynamic synchronisation; 13. Diffusion and noisy swimming; 14. Hydrodynamics of collective locomotion; 15. Locomotion and transport in complex fluids; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisDeals with the major terrestrial, algal, and siliceous indicators used in paleolimnology. This title is of interest to seasoned practitioners as well as newcomers to the area of paleolimnology.Trade Review"Volume 3 will be of particular interest to paleolimnologists approaching the subject from the biological or limnological standpoint; some of the most important indicators used by paleolimnologists including pollen analysis, plant macrofossils, charcoal, diatoms, chrysophytes, phytoliths, biogenic silica and pigments. These chapters will become essential citations in the methods sections of future papers." (Philip Barker, Dept. of Geography, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, UK in Journal of Paleolimnology, 30:4)Table of ContentsPreface. The Editors. Aims & Scope of Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Book Series. Editors and Board of Advisors of Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research Book Series. Contents of Volumes 1 to 4. Safety Considerations and Caution. Dedication. List of Contributors. 1. Using biology to study long-term environmental change; J.P. Smol, et al. 2. Pollen; K.D. Bennett, K.J. Willis. 3. Conifer stomata; G.M. MacDonald. 4. Plant macrofossils; H.H. Birks. 5. Charcoal as a fire proxy; C. Whitlock, C.P.S. Larsen. 6. Non-pollen palynomorphs; B. van Geel. 7. Protozoa: testate amoebae; L. Beyens, R. Meisterfeld. 8. Diatoms; R.W. Battarbee, et al. 9. Chrysophyte scales and cysts; B.A. Zeeb, J.P. Smol. 10. Ebridians; A. Korhola, J.P. Smol. 11. Phytoliths; D.R. Piperno. 12. Freshwater sponges; T.M. Frost. 13. Siliceous protozoan plates and scales; M.S.V. Douglas, J.P. Smol. 14. Biogenic silica; D.J. Conley, C.L. Schelske. 15. Sedimentary pigments; P.R. Leavitt, D.A. Hodgson. Glossary, Acronyms and Abbreviations. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThe new and updated edition of this accessible text provides a comprehensive overview of the comparative physiology of animals within an environmental context. Includes two brand new chapters on Nerves and Muscles and the Endocrine System. Discusses both comparative systems physiology and environmental physiology. Analyses and integrates problems and adaptations for each kind of environment: marine, seashore and estuary, freshwater, terrestrial and parasitic. Examines mechanisms and responses beyond physiology. Applies an evolutionary perspective to the analysis of environmental adaptation. Provides modern molecular biology insights into the mechanistic basis of adaptation, and takes the level of analysis beyond the cell to the membrane, enzyme and gene. Incorporates more varied material from a wide range of animal types, with less of a focus purely on terrestrial reptiles, birds and mammals and rather more about thTrade Review"...this second edition confirms its status as the first place I would go for guidance in unfamiliar physiological territory. Its level is perfect for undergraduates...this is a terrific text, and one that I recommend unreservedly." Andrew Clarke, British Antarctic Survey, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, August 2004 Table of ContentsPreface To Second Edition. Preface To First Edition. Acknowledgments. Abbreviations. Part I: Basic Principles:. 1. The Nature And Levels Of Adaptation:. Introduction: Comparative, Environmental, And Evolutionary Physiology. The Meaning Of ‘Environment'. The Meaning Of ‘Adaptation’. Comparative Methods To Detect Adaptation. Physiological Response On Different Scales. Conclusions. Further Reading. 2. Fundamental Mechanisms Of Adaptation:. Introduction: Adaptation At The Molecular And Genome Level. Controlling Protein Action. Control Of Protein Synthesis And Degradation. Protein Evolution. Physiological Regulation Of Gene Expression. Conclusions. Further Reading. 3. The Problems Of Size And Scale:. Introduction. Principle Of Similarity: Isometric Scaling. Allometric Scaling. The Scaling Of Metabolic Rate. Scaling Of Locomotion. Conclusions: Is There A Right Size To Be?. Further Reading. Part II: Central Issues In Comparative Physiology:. 4. Water, Ions, And Osmotic Physiology:. Introduction. Aqueous Solutions. Passive Movements Of Water And Solutes. Nonpassive Solute Movements. Concentrations Of Cell Contents. Overall Regulation Of Cell Contents. Conclusions. Further Reading. 5. Animal Water Balance, Osmoregulation, And Excretion:. Introduction. Exchanges Occurring At The Outer Body Surface. Osmoregulation At External Surfaces. Osmoregulatory Organs And Their Excretory Products. Water Regulation Via The Gut. Regulation Of Respiratory Water Exchanges. Water Loss In Reproductive Systems. Water Gain. The Costs And Energetics Of Regulating Water And Ion Balance. Roles Of Nervous Systems And Hormones. Conclusions. Further Reading. 6. Metabolism And Energy Supply:. Introduction. Metabolic Intermediaries. Anaerobic Metabolism. Aerobic Metabolism. Metabolic Rates. Energy Budgets. Further Reading. 7. Respiration And Circulation:. Introduction. Uptake And Loss Of Gases Across Respiratory Surfaces. Ventilation Systems To Improve Exchange Rates. Circulatory Systems. Delivering And Transferring Gases To The Tissues. Coping With Hypoxia And Anoxia. Control Of Respiration. Further Reading. 8. Temperature And Its Effects:. Introduction. Biochemical Effects Of Temperature. Physiological Effects Of Temperature. Terminology And Strategies In Thermal Biology. Thermal Environments And Thermal Exchanges. Avoidance, Tolerance, And Acclimation In Thermal Biology. Regulating Heat Gain And Keeping Warm. Regulating Heat Loss And Keeping Cool. Opting Out: Evasion Systems In Space Or Time. Regulating Thermal Biology: Nerves And Hormones. Evolution And Advantages Of Varying Thermal Strategies. Further Reading. 9. Excitable Tissues Nervous Systems And Muscles:. Introduction. Section 1: Nerves. Neural Functioning. Synaptic Transmission. Nervous Systems. Neural Integration And Higher Neural Processes. Neuronal Development. Sensory Systems – Mechanisms And Principles. Specific Senses And Sense Organs. Section 2: Muscles. Muscles And Movement: Introduction. Muscle Structure. Muscle Contraction. Muscle Mechanics. Muscle Types And Diversity. Section 3: Nerves And Muscles Working Together. Motor Activity Patterns. Locomotion Using Muscles. Conclusions. Further Reading. 10. Hormones And Chemical Control Systems:. Introduction. Endocrine Systems. Control Of Water And Osmotic Balance. Control Of Ion Balance And pH. Control Of Development And Growth. Control Of Metabolism, Temperature, And Color. Control Of Sex And Reproduction. Hormones And Other Behaviors; Aggression, Territoriality, And Migration. Pheromones And The Control Of Behavior. Conclusions. Further Reading. Part III: Coping With The Environment:. Introduction. 11. Marine Life:. Introduction: Marine Habitats And Biota. Ionic And Osmotic Adaptation. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Depth Problems, Buoyancy, And Locomotion. Sensory Issues: Marine Signaling. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Secondary Invasion Of The Seas: Marine Vertebrates. Conclusions. Further Reading. 12. Shorelines And Estuaries:. Introduction: Brackish Habitats And Biota. Ionic And Osmotic Adaptation And Water Balance. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Mechanical, Locomotory, And Sensory Systems. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Conclusions. Further Reading. 13. Fresh Water:. Introduction: Freshwater Habitats And Biota. Osmotic And Ionic Adaptation And Water Balance. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Mechanical, Locomotory, And Sensory Adaptations. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Conclusions. Further Reading. 14. Special Aquatic Habitats:. Introduction. Transient Water Bodies. Osmotically Peculiar Habitats. Thermally Extreme Waters. Further Reading. 15. Terrestrial Life:. Introduction. Ionic And Osmotic Adaptation And Water Balance. Thermal Adaptation. Respiratory Adaptation. Reproductive And Life-Cycle Adaptation. Locomotion And Mechanical Adaptations. Sensory Adaptations. Feeding And Being Fed On. Anthropogenic Problems. Conclusions. Further Reading. 16. Extreme Terrestrial Habitats:. Introduction. Hot And Dry Habitats: Deserts. Very Cold Habitats. High-Altitude Habitats. Aerial Habitats. Conclusions. Further Reading. 17. Parasitic Habitats:. Introduction. Parasite Environments. Basic Parasite Physiology. Reproduction And Transmission. Parasite Sensory Abilities. Parasite Regulation Of Host Physiology. Biotic Interactions: Host–Parasite Conflicts. Conclusions. Further Reading. References. Index

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Book SynopsisComputational modeling can provide a wealth of insight into how energy flow in proteins mediates protein function. Computational methods can also address fundamental questions related to molecular signaling and energy flow in proteins. Proteins: Energy, Heat and Signal Flow presents state-of-the-art computational strategies for studying energy redistribution, signaling, and heat transport in proteins and other molecular machines.The first of four sections of the book address the transport of energy in molecular motors, which function through a combination of chemically driven large-scale conformational changes and charge transport. Focusing on vibrational energy flow in proteins and nanostructures, the next two sections discuss approaches based on molecular dynamics simulations and harmonic analysis. By exploring the flow of free energy in proteins, the last section examines the conformational changes involved in allosteric traTrade Review... a useful guide for practitioners of molecular dynamics, theorists interested in structural biology, and users of modeling software seeking to understand the methods in more depth. The book is well organized, produced, and edited. References are up-to-date and comprehensive. -Harry A. Stern, University of Rochester, in the Journal of the American Chemical SocietyTable of ContentsEnergy Transduction in Molecular Motors. Vibrational Energy Flow in Proteins: Molecular Dynamics-Based Methods. Vibrational Energy Flow in Proteins and Nanostructures: Normal Mode-Based Methods. Conformational Transitions and Reaction Path Searches in Proteins. Index.

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Book Synopsisan impressive text that addresses a glaring gap in the teaching of physical chemistry, being specifically focused on biologically-relevant systems along with a practical focusâ. the ample problems and tutorials throughout are much appreciated. âTobin R. Sosnick, Professor and Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoPresents both the concepts and equations associated with statistical thermodynamics in a unique way that is at visual, intuitive, and rigorous. This approach will greatly benefit students at all levels. âVijay S. Pande, Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford Universitya masterful tour de forceâ. Barrick's rigor and scholarship come through in every chapter.âRohit V. Pappu, Edwin H. Murty Professor of Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisThis book provides a comprehensive, contemporary introduction to developing a quantitative understanding of how biological macromolecules behTrade Review"Presents both the concepts and equations associated with statistical thermodynamics in a unique way that is at visual, intuitive, and rigorous. This approach will greatly benefit students at all levels." –Vijay S. Pande, Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University"a masterful tour de force…. Barrick's rigor and scholarship come through in every chapter. The focus on biomolecules combined with the detailed demonstrations of how concepts apply to practical aspects of biophysics make this a truly unique contribution. Everyone, from the purported expert to the true novice will gain immensely from this carefully crafted, well motivated, and deeply thought out contribution. This book should live on all of our bookshelves and be consulted routinely as a quick reference or as material for in depth study and training." —Rohit V. Pappu, Edwin H. Murty Professor of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis"The author has created an impressive text that addresses a glaring gap in the teaching of physical chemistry, being specifically focused on biologically-relevant systems along with a practical focus. It starts by bringing students up to speed on probability theory, multi-variate calculus and data fitting, the necessary tools for tackling the advanced topics covered in the remaining dozen chapters and for conducting rigorous interdisciplinary research…. the ample problems and tutorials throughout are much appreciated." —Tobin R. Sosnick, Professor and Chair, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago"Presents both the concepts and equations associated with statistical thermodynamics in a unique way that is at visual, intuitive, and rigorous. This approach will greatly benefit students at all levels." –Vijay S. Pande, Henry Dreyfus Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University"a masterful tour de force…. Barrick's rigor and scholarship come through in every chapter. The focus on biomolecules combined with the detailed demonstrations of how concepts apply to practical aspects of biophysics make this a truly unique contribution. Everyone, from the purported expert to the true novice will gain immensely from this carefully crafted, well motivated, and deeply thought out contribution. This book should live on all of our bookshelves and be consulted routinely as a quick reference or as material for in depth study and training." —Rohit V. Pappu, Edwin H. Murty Professor of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis"The author has created an impressive text that addresses a glaring gap in the teaching of physical chemistry, being specifically focused on biologically-relevant systems along with a practical focus. It starts by bringing students up to speed on probability theory, multi-variate calculus and data fitting, the necessary tools for tackling the advanced topics covered in the remaining dozen chapters and for conducting rigorous interdisciplinary research…. the ample problems and tutorials throughout are much appreciated." —Tobin R. Sosnick, Professor and Chair, Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoTable of ContentsSeries PrefacePrefaceAcknowledgmentsNote to InstructorsAuthorChapter 1 Probabilities and Statistics in Chemical and BiothermodynamicsChapter 2 Mathematical Tools in ThermodynamicsChapter 3 The Framework of Thermodynamics and the First LawChapter 4 The Second Law and EntropyChapter 5 Free Energy as a Potential for the Laboratory and for BiologyChapter 6 Using Chemical Potentials to Describe Phase TransitionsChapter 7 The Concentration Dependence of Chemical Potential, Mixing, and ReactionsChapter 8 Conformational EquilibriumChapter 9 Statistical Thermodynamics and the Ensemble MethodChapter 10 Ensembles That Interact with Their SurroundingsChapter 11 Partition Functions for Single Molecules and Chemical ReactionsChapter 12 The Helix–Coil TransitionChapter 13 Ligand Binding Equilibria from a Macroscopic PerspectiveChapter 14 Ligand Binding Equilibria from a Microscopic PerspectiveAppendix: How to Use Mathematica 485BibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisAn evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for construction and manufacturing. To develop lasting solutions to the challenges of balanced use and stewardship of the Earth, we require a fundamental understanding of soilfrom its elastic, porous three-phase system to its components, processes, and reactions.Handbook of Soil Sciences: Properties and Processes, Second Edition is the first of two volumes that form a comprehensive reference on the discipline of soil science. Completely revised and updated to reflect the current state of knowledge, this volume covers the traditional areas of soil science: soil physics, soil chemistry, soil mineralogy, soil biology and bioTable of ContentsSoil Physics. Soil Chemistry. Soil Mineralogy. Soil Biology and Biochemistry: Soil Biology in Its Second Golden Age. Pedology. Index.

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Book SynopsisPrinciples of Biophysical Inquiry.- Introduction: To the Student First Edition.- Philosophy and Practice of Biophysical Study.- Overview of the Biological System Under Study.- Physical Thoughts, Biological Systems The Application of Modeling Principles to Understanding Biological Systems.- Probability and Statistics.- Foundations.- Energy and Force The Prime Observables.- Biophysical Forces in Molecular Systems.- Physical Principles: Quantum Mechanics.- Chemical Principles.- Measuring the Energy of a System: Energetics and the First Law of Thermodynamics.- Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.- Which Way Is That System Going? The Gibbs Free Energy.- The Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria.- Building a Model of Biomolecular Structure.- Water: A Unique Solvent and Vital Component of Life.- IonSolvent Interactions.- IonIon Interactions.- Lipids in Aqueous Solution.- Macromolecules in Solution.- Molecular Modeling Mapping Biochemical State Space.- The Electrified Interphase.- Function and Action Biological State Space.- Transport A Non-equilibrium Process.- Flow in a Chemical Potential Field: Diffusion.- Flow in an Electric Field: Conduction.- Forces Across Membranes.- Kinetics Chemical Kinetics.- Dynamic Bioelectrochemistry Charge Transfer in Biological Systems.- Methods for the Measuring Structure and Function.- Separation and Characterization of Biomolecules Based on Macroscopic Properties.- Analysis of Molecular Structure with Electronic Spectroscopy.- Molecular Structure from Scattering Phenomena.- Analysis of Structure Microscopy.- Epilogue.- Physical Constants.Table of ContentsPREFACE PART I: Principles of Biophysical Inquiry Chapter 1 Introduction: “To the Student” Chapter 2 Philosophy and Practice of Biophysical Study Chapter 3 Overview of the Biological System Under Study – Descriptive Models Chapter 4 Physical Thoughts, Biological Systems - The application of modeling principles to understanding biological systems Chapter 5 Probability and Statistics PART II: Foundations Chapter 6 Physical Principles: Energy - The Prime Observable Chapter 7 Biophysical Forces in Molecular Systems Chapter 8 An Introduction to Quantum Mechanics Chapter 9 Chemical Principles Chapter 10 Measuring the Energy of a System: Energetics and the First Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 11 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 12 Which Way Did That System Go? The Gibbs Free Energy Chapter 13 The Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria PART III: Building a Model of Biomolecular Structure Chapter 14 Water: A Unique Structure, A Unique Solvent Chapter 15 Ion-Solvent Interactions Chapter 16 Ion-Ion Interactions Chapter 17 Lipids in Aqueous Solution Chapter 18 Macromolecules in Solution Chapter 19 Molecular Modeling - Mapping Biochemical State Space Chapter 20 The Electrified Interphase PART IV: Function and Action Biological State Space Chapter 21 Transport and Kinetics: Processes Not at Equilibrium Chapter 22 Flow in a Chemical Potential Field: Diffusion Chapter 23 Flow in an Electrical Field: Conduction Chapter 24 Forces Across Membranes Chapter 25 Kinetics - Chemical Kinetics Chapter 26 Bioelectrochemistry – Charge Transfer in Biological Systems PART V: Methods for the Measuring Structure and Function Chapter 27 Separation and Characterization of Biomolecules Based on Macroscopic Properties (with Kristin E. Bergethon) Chapter 28 Determining Structure by molecular interactions with photons: Electronic Spectroscopy (with Kristin Bergethon) Chapter 29 Determining Structure by molecular interactions with photons: ScatteringPhenomena Chapter 30 Analysis of Structure – Microscopy Chapter 31 Epilogue Chapter 32 Physical Constants PART VI: APPENDICES Appendix A Review of Mathematical Methods Appendix B Quantum Electrodynamics Appendix C The Pre-Socratic Roots of Modern Science Appendix D The Poisson Function Appendix E Assumptions of a Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gas Behavior Appendix F Determination of a Field from the Potential Appendix G Geometric Optics Appendix H The Compton Effect Appendix I Hamilton's Principle of Least Action/Fermat's Principle of Least Time Appendix J Energy of Interaction between ions Appendix K Derivation of the Statement, Qrev > Qirrev Appendix L Derivation of the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation Appendix M Derivation of the van't Hoff Equation for Osmotic Pressure Appendix N Pseudoforces Appendix O Work of charging and discharging a rigid sphere Appendix P Review of Electrical Circuits Appendix Q Fermi's Golden Rule Appendix R Adiabatic vs non-Adiabatic processes

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Book SynopsisPart I Fundamentals of How People Learn (HPL).- Introduction to HPL Methodology.- Part II. Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Modeling and Solving Biotransport Problems.- Part III. Biofluid Transport.- Rheology of Biological Fluids.- Macroscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for One Dimensional Biofluid Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Part IV Bioheat Transport.- Heat Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Bioheat Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Bioheat Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Bioheat Transport.- Section V Biological Mass Transport.- Mass Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Biomass Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Biomass Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biomass TransportTable of ContentsPart I Fundamentals of How People Learn (HPL).- Introduction to HPL Methodology.- Part II. Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Fundamental Concepts in Biotransport.- Modeling and Solving Biotransport Problems.- Part III. Biofluid Transport.- Rheology of Biological Fluids.- Macroscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for One Dimensional Biofluid Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biofluid Transport.- Part IV Bioheat Transport.- Heat Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Bioheat Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Bioheat Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Bioheat Transport.- Section V Biological Mass Transport.- Mass Transfer Fundamentals.- Macroscopic Approach to Biomass Transport.- Shell Balance Approach for 1-D Biomass Transport.- General Microscopic Approach for Biomass Transport

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Book SynopsisThe Classic: De Marneffe's work (In French).- The Classic: De Marneffe's work (In French).- Current presentation of his work by De Marneffe.- Current presentation of his work by De Marneffe.- Anatomy and Physiology.- Morphology and Distribution of Blood Vessels and Blood Flow in Bone.- Microvascularization, Osteogenesis, and Myelopoiesis in Normal and Pathological Conditions.- Endothelial Cells and Bone Cells.- History of Discoveries of Bone Marrow and Bone Vascularisation and Innervation.- The Direct Effects of Acidosis and Alkalosis on Long Bone Vascular Resistance.- The Regulation of Blood Flow in Bone.- Methods of Investigation.- Measurement of Bone Blood Flow in Animals.- Arteriolar Blockade Revisited: Comparisons Between the Use of Resin Particles and Microspheres for Bone Haemodynamic Studies.- Measurement of Bone Blood Flow in Humans.- Skeletal Fluoride Kinetics of 18F- and Positron Emission Tomography (PET): in-vivo Estimation of Regional Bone Blood Flow and Influx Rate in Humans.- Intraosseous Pressure, Gas Tension and Bone Blood Flow; in Normal and Pathological Situations: A Survey of Methods and Results.- Fracture Healing and Bone Grafts.- The Role of the Vasculature in Fracture Healing.- Haemodynamics of Bone Healing in a Model Stable Fracture.- Perturbations of Vascularization and Circulation Due to Osteosynthetic Methods.- Comparative Vascular Evaluation by MRI of Autologous and Bovine Grafts.- The Importance of Flow Conductance of Cancellous Bone Grafts as a Critical Factor in Graft Incorporation.- Circulatory Aspects of Bone Disorders.- Myelogenous Osteopathies.- Circulatory Aspects of Bone Disease in Endocrinopathies.- Bone Turnover in Osteoporosis.- Bone Blood Flow and Spaceflight Osteopenia.- Bone Vascularization in Arthritis.- Vascular Aspectsin Degenerative Joint Disorders.- Circulatory Aspects of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy.- Osteonecrosis.- Atraumatic Necrosis of the Femoral Head: General Report.- Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Avascular Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Pathophysiology of Osteonecrosis.- Diagnosis of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Bone Biopsy as Diagnostic Criteria for Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head.- The Histology of Osteonecrosis and Its Distinction from Histologic Artifacts.- Bone Arteriography of the Femoral Head of Humans in Normal and Pathological Conditions.- Compared Microangiographic Images of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and Osteoarthritis of the Hip.- Value of Quantified MRI to Predict Long-Term Prognosis of Early Stage Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.- Conservative, Non Invasive Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Long Term Results in Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Treatment of Osteonecrosis.- Effects of Electric and Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Formation, Bone Circulation and Avascular Necrosis.- The Place of Core Decompression in the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- 300 Cases of Core Decompression with Bone Grafting for Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head.- Proximal Femoral Osteotomies in the Treatment of Idiopathic and Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.- Methodologic Problems in Staging and Evaluating Osteonecrosis.- The ARCO Perspective for Reaching One Uniform Staging System of Osteonecrosis.Table of ContentsCurrent Presentation of his Work; De Marneffe. Anatomy and Physiology: Morphology and Distribution of Blood Vessels and Blood Flow in Bone; M. Brookes. Methods of Investigation: Measurement of Bone Blood Flow in Animals; P. Tothill. Fracture Healing and Bone Grafts: The Role of Vasculature in Fracture Healing; S.P.F. Hughes, et al. Circulatory Aspects of Bone Disorders: Bone Turnovers in Osteoporosis; A.M. Peters. Osteonecrosis: General Aspects of Osteonecrosis: Pathophysiology of Osteonecrosis; J.P. Jones. Methods of Diagnosis: Diagnosis of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head; D.S. Hungerford, L.C. Jones. Treatment: Long Term Results in Electromagnetic Fields Treatment of Osteonecrosis; M. Hinsenkamp, et al. ARCO Perspective for Staging: Methodologic Problems in Staging and Evaluating Osteonecrosis; B.N. Stulberg, J.W.M. Gardeniers. 34 additional articles. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is based on a series of lectures for a course on ionic channels held in Santiago, Chile, on November 17-20, 1984.Table of ContentsI. Methodologies.- 1 Kinetic Models and Channel Fluctuations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Two-State Channel.- 3. Two Two-State Channels.- 4. Three-State Channel with Three Conductances.- 5. Three-State Channel with Only Two Conductances.- References.- 2 Single-Channel Currents and Postsynaptic Drug Actions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel Gating as a Stochastic Process.- 3. Postsynaptic Channels in the Presence of Drugs.- 4. Reconstructing the Postsynaptic Current.- 5. Macroscopic and Molecular Consequences.- References.- 3 Voltage-Dependent Gating: Gating Current Measurement and Interpretation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Voltage Gating.- 3. Gating Current Is a Capacitive Current.- 4. Measurement of Gating Currents.- 5. Gating of the Sodium Channel.- References.- 4 Characterizing the Electrical Behavior of an Open Channel via the Energy Profile for Ion Permeation: A Prototype Using a Fluctuating Barrier Model for the Acetylcholine Receptor Channel.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theory.- 3. Confrontation with Experimental Data for the AChR Channel.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 5 The Use of Specific Ligands to Study Sodium Channels in Muscle.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Pharmacology of the Sodium Channel in Muscle.- 3. Sodium Channel in Cardiac Muscle: Are All Sodium Channels Alike?.- 4. Surface and Tubular Sodium Channels in Skeletal Muscle.- 5. Models for Sodium Channels in Muscle Membranes.- References.- 6 Isolation of Muscle Membranes Containing Functional Ionic Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- 3. Ionic Channels and E-C Coupling.- 4. Isolation of Muscle Membranes.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 7 Methodologies to Study Channel-Mediated Ion Fluxes in Membrane Vesicles.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel-Mediated Tl+ Flux Measured by Fluorescence Quenching.- 3. Channel-Mediated Ion Fluxes Measured by Light Scattering.- References.- 8 Optical Studies on Ionic Channels in Intact Vertebrate Nerve Terminals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Equivalence of Optical and Electrical Measurements of Membrane Potential.- 3. Optical Recording of Action Potentials from Nerve Terminals of the Frog Xenopus.- 4. Properties of the Action Potential in the Nerve Terminals.- 5. Ionic Basis of the Depolarizing Phase of the Action Potential.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9 Optical Detection of ATP Release from Stimulated Endocrine Cells: A Universal Marker of Exocytotic Secretion of Hormones.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Acetylcholine-Induced ATP Release from Chromaffin Cells: Calcium Dependence.- 4. Nicotinic Receptor Desensitization.- 5. Granular Nature of the Secreted ATP.- 6. ATP Release Evoked by Membrane Depolarization Is Mediated by Activation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.- 7. ATP Release from Collagenase-Isolated Islets of Langerhans.- 8. Conclusion.- 9. Summary.- References.- II. Channels in Biological Membranes.- 10 Mechanotransducing Ion Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Recording SA Channels.- 3. General Characteristics.- 4. Conductance Properties.- 5. Kinetic Properties.- 6. The Model.- 7. Comparing the Model to the Data.- 8. Future Prospects.- References.- 11 Ionic Channels in Plant Protoplasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Methodological Considerations.- 3. Voltage-Dependent Channels Opened by Hyperpolarization.- 4. Channels Affected by TEA.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 12 Channels in Kidney Epithelial Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cell Culture.- 3. Patch-Clamp Methodology.- 4. Potassium Channel Characteristics.- 5. Channel Modulation.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 13 Channels in Photoreceptors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Vertebrate Photoreceptors.- 3. Invertebrate Photoreceptors.- References.- 14 Inactivation of Calcium Currents in Muscle Fibers from Balanus.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Characteristics of Inward Currents.- 4. Mechanism of Inactivation.- References.- 15 Electrophysiological Studies in Endocrine Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Methodology.- 3. Cell Culture.- 4. Ionic Currents in GH3 Cells.- 5. Characteristics of Calcium Channels.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- III. Ionic Channel Reconstitution.- 16 Ion Channel Reconstitution: Why Bother?.- 1. Introduction and Background.- 2. Unexpected Surprises.- 3. Unconstrained Variables.- 4. Unrealized Hopes.- References.- 17 From Brain to Bilayer: Sodium Channels from Rat Neurons Incorporated into Planar Lipid Membranes.- 1. Perspectives and Background.- 2. Electrophysiology without Cells.- 3. A Closer Look at Batrachotoxin-Activated Sodium Channels in Bilayer Membranes.- 4. Looking Ahead.- References.- 18 Ionic Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Are There Channels in Sea Urchin Sperm?.- 3. Reconstitution Studies with Isolated Sea Urchin Sperm Plasma Membrane.- 4. Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm: Implications for the Acrosome Reaction.- 5. Are There Receptors to the Egg Jelly in the Sea Urchin Sperm Plasma Membranes?.- 6. Perspectives.- References.- 19 Characterization of Large-Unitary-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Planar Lipid Bilayers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel Gating.- 3. Channel Conductance and Selectivity.- 4. Conductance of the Calcium-Activated K+ Channels.- 5. Selectivity of the Ca-K Channels.- 6. Blockade of the Ca-K Channels.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- IV. Ionic Channel Modulation.- 20 Metabolic Regulation of Ion Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Second Messengers.- 3. Protein Phosphorylation.- 4. Summary.- References.- 21 The Cell-to-Cell Membrane Channel: Its Regulation by Cellular Phosphorylation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cell-to-Cell Channels Are Up-Regulated by cAMP-Dependent Phosphorylation.- 3. The Cell-to-Cell Channels are Down-Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation.- References.- 22 The ?-Cell Bursting Pattern and Intracellular Calcium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of [Ca2+]i Dependence on Glucose.- 3. A Biophysical/Mathematical Model.- 4. Burst Frequency Depends on the Ratio [free Ca2+]i/[total Ca]i.- 5. Summary.- References.- 23 Neurotrophic Effects of in Vitro Innervation of Cultured Muscle Cells. Modulation of Ca2+-Activated K+ Conductances.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Innervation and Muscle Cell Electrical Activity.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- V. Ionic Channel Structure, Functions, and Models.- 24 Correlation of the Molecular Structure with Functional Properties of the Acetylcholine Receptor Protein.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The AChR Macromolecule.- 3. Arrangement of Subunits in the AChR Macromolecule.- 4. The AChR Primary Structure, cDNA Recombinant Techniques, and Modeling Receptor Structure.- 5. Immunochemistry of AChR and the Testing of Models.- 6. Voltage-Gated and Agonist-Gated Channels: A Comparison.- 7. Dynamics of AChR and Lipids in the Membrane.- 8. Acetylcholine-Receptor-Controlled Channel Properties.- References.- 25 Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Transport Processes.- 3. Characterization of Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channels in Intact Epithelia.- 4. Incorporation of Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channels into Planar Bilayers.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 26 A Channel Model for Development of the Fertilization Membrane in Sea Urchin Eggs.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Processes Following Fertilization.- 3. Experimental Basis for Model.- 4. Description of Model.- 5. Equations of Model.- 6. Solutions of Model Equations.- References.

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Book SynopsisThis richly illustrated third edition provides a thorough training in practical mathematical biology and shows how exciting mathematical challenges can arise from a genuinely interdisciplinary involvement with the biosciences.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: "The 2nd volume of the authors elucidating work highlights a surprisingly broad spectrum of applications in the field of mathematical biology. The sense given to the mathematical texture of thoughts broadens the reader’s insight … . The growing number of specialists in sub-disciplines of mathematical biology will be enjoying the truly concise approach … . It can so be said that the foremost results … might be essential for new interpretations of data … . It is a recommended text for mathematicians … ." (Daniel Gertsch, Bioworld, Issue 2, 2004) From the reviews of the third edition: "This is the second volume of the third edition of Murray’s ‘Mathematical Biology’. … covers a wide variety of problems in pattern formation, each discussed in its biological context. … This volume alone is a large book, with more than 800 pages and a similar number of references. … it is a valuable collection of results from different areas of mathematical biology." (Carlo Laing, New Zealand Mathematical Society Newsletter, Issue 90, April, 2004) "This book, a classical text in mathematical biology, cleverly combines mathematical tools with subject area sciences. The multi-layer way of material presentation makes the book useful for different types of reader including graduate-level students, bioscientists … . it is an enjoyable reading and I recommend it to anyone with serious interest in mathematical modelling." (V.V. Fedorov, Short Book Reviews, Vol. 23 (3), 2003) "This second volume of the third edition of Murray’s Mathematical biology focuses on partial differential equations (spatial models) and their application to the biomedical sciences. … Each chapter deals with its particular topic in great detail, usually focusing on one biological example and the associated mathematical model and results. This volume is not an introductory text … making it extremely useful in graduate courses and for reference." (Trachette L. Jackson, Mathematical Reviews, 2004b) "In this second volume … the development towards specific biological configurations and towards a mechanism for understanding morphogenesis represents an important portion of the work. … chapters deal with attractive topics … . There is an extensive index at the end. … very interesting and strongly recommended." (A. Akutowicz, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1006, 2003) "In this volume it becomes clear that compiling the third edition was a ‘labor of love’. The book has a significantly different feel from the original first edition. … my reaction to the third edition was positive. … The historical and biological overviews have much interesting information. … Certainly, the spicy writing will keep students alert … . In summary, I recommend the new and expanded third edition to any serious young student interested in mathematical biology … ." (Leah Edelstein-Keshet, SIAM Review, Vol. 46 (1), 2004) "Mathematical Biology would be eminently suitable as a text for a final year undergraduate or postgraduate course in mathematical biology … . It is also a good source of examples for courses in mathematical methods … . Mathematical Biology provides a good way into the field and a useful reference for those of us already there. It may attract more mathematicians to work in biology by showing them that there is real work to be done." (Peter Saunders, The Mathematical Gazette, Vol. 90 (518), 2006)Table of ContentsMulti-Species Waves and Practical Applications * Spatial Pattern Formation with Reaction Diffusion Systems * Animal Coat Patterns and Other Practical Applications of Reaction Diffusion Mechanisms * Pattern Formation on Growing Domains: Alligators and Snakes * Bacterial Patterns and Chemotaxis * Mechanical Theory for Generating Pattern and Form in Development * Evolution, Morphogenetic Laws, Developmental Constraints and Teratologies * A Mechanical Theory of Vascular Network Formation * Epidermal Wound Healing * Dermal Wound Healing * Growth and Control of Brain Tumours * Neural Models of Pattern Formation * Geographic Spread and Control of Epidemics * Wolf Territoriality, Wolf-Deer Interaction and Survival

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Book SynopsisBasics of Molecular Recognition explores fundamental recognition principles between monomers or macromolecules that lead to diverse biological functions. Based on the author's longtime courses, the book helps readers understand the structural aspects of macromolecular recognition and stimulates further research on whether molecules similar to DNA or protein can be synthesized chemically.The book begins with the types of bonds that participate in the recognition and the functional groups that are capable of forming these bonds. It then explains how smaller molecules select their partners in the overall recognition scheme, offering examples of specific recognition patterns involving molecules other than nucleic acids. The core of the book focuses on macromolecular recognitionthe central dogma of molecular biology. The author discusses various methods for studying molecular recognition. He also describes how molecules without biological functions can be aTable of ContentsFeatures of Interacting Monomers with Different Functionalities: What Drives the Binding? Molecular Recognition among Various Monomers. Macromolecular Recognition. Methods to Follow Molecular Recognition. Macromolecular Assembly and Recognition with Chemical Entities. Suggested Readings. Index.

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Book SynopsisConnecting past, present, and future instrument development and use, Biocalorimetry: Foundations and Contemporary Approaches explores biocalorimetry's history, fundamentals, methodologies, and applications. Some of the most prominent calorimeter developers and users share invaluable personal accounts of discovery, discussing innovative techniques as well as special and original applications. Wide in scope, the book also covers calorimetry use on membranes, nucleic acids, and proteins and addresses both thermodynamics and kinetics. The book begins with a look at the historical development of calorimeters needed for biological research. It then describes advanced approaches that use high-quality commercial calorimeters to study biochemical and other biological processes. It also shows how novel experimental designs and data analysis procedures are applied to proteins, DNA, membranes, and living matter. Trade Review"This is a highly specialized collection of articles mainly by European chemists, biochemists, and biologists. The article topics surround the history, theory, and application of calorimetry in biology. The measurement of heat absorbed and exuded by matter, due to changes in surrounding temperature, forms the science of relevance to characterize the materials; this can be related to their structures and properties. Historically, calories have been defined as units of heat energy. The focus of several chapters includes the problem of measuring the very small amounts of heat specific to biological matter, which requires very sensitive and sophisticated instruments. In four sections, the articles cover the history and methods of calorimetry, the use of differential scanning and isometric titration calorimetry to characterize specific membranes, the calorimetry of nucleic acids and proteins, and applications of calorimetry to other areas, such as clinical samples, enzymes, and pharmaceuticals. Every article is replete with references, graphs, and mathematical analysis. The index is useful.Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, professionals."—N. Sadanand, Central Connecticut State University, in the January 2017 issue of CHOICE"Whether the reader is new to the area or already an experienced scientist, this book will serve as the ultimate reference in the field of biocalorimetry. The very pioneers that gave us the instrumentation and techniques cover the history and background of biocalorimetry. The ongoing research is described by current experts in different fields of biocalorimetry. Everything is there."—Arne Schön, Research Scientist, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University"This book is a much-needed update on the field of biothermodynamics and biocalorimetry. It starts with historical and sometimes personal views from some of the pioneers of this field, followed by reviews on the state of the art of calorimetry application to the study of biomembranes, nucleic acids, and proteins, as well as biomedical applications. I think all newcomers should take the time to read the book from its beginning to grasp how the field started and until the end to have an idea on where it is expanding to."—Watson Loh, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas"This is a highly specialized collection of articles mainly by European chemists, biochemists, and biologists. The article topics surround the history, theory, and application of calorimetry in biology. The measurement of heat absorbed and exuded by matter, due to changes in surrounding temperature, forms the science of relevance to characterize the materials; this can be related to their structures and properties. Historically, calories have been defined as units of heat energy. The focus of several chapters includes the problem of measuring the very small amounts of heat specific to biological matter, which requires very sensitive and sophisticated instruments. In four sections, the articles cover the history and methods of calorimetry, the use of differential scanning and isometric titration calorimetry to characterize specific membranes, the calorimetry of nucleic acids and proteins, and applications of calorimetry to other areas, such as clinical samples, enzymes, and pharmaceuticals. Every article is replete with references, graphs, and mathematical analysis. The index is useful.Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, professionals."—N. Sadanand, Central Connecticut State University, in the January 2017 issue of CHOICE"Whether the reader is new to the area or already an experienced scientist, this book will serve as the ultimate reference in the field of biocalorimetry. The very pioneers that gave us the instrumentation and techniques cover the history and background of biocalorimetry. The ongoing research is described by current experts in different fields of biocalorimetry. Everything is there."—Arne Schön, Research Scientist, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University"This book is a much-needed update on the field of biothermodynamics and biocalorimetry. It starts with historical and sometimes personal views from some of the pioneers of this field, followed by reviews on the state of the art of calorimetry application to the study of biomembranes, nucleic acids, and proteins, as well as biomedical applications. I think all newcomers should take the time to read the book from its beginning to grasp how the field started and until the end to have an idea on where it is expanding to."—Watson Loh, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of CampinasTable of ContentsIntroduction: Historical and Methodological Context. Membrane Characterization and Partition to Membranes. Nucleic Acids and Proteins: Stability and Their Interactions with Ligands. Calorimetry as a Tool in Applied Fields.

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Book SynopsisI Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons.- 1. Basic Kinematic Electron Diffraction.- 2. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 3. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory.- 4. Dynamic Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches.- 5. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected High-Energy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces.- II Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons.- 6. Inelastic Excitations and Absorption Effect in Electron Diffraction.- 7. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering.- 8. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory.- 9. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging.- 10. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory.- 11. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory.- 12. Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory.- 13. Inelastic Scattering in High-Resolution Transmission Electron Imaging.- 14. Multiple ITrade Review`This is an excellent and comprehensive book describing the theory of the elastic and inelastic scattering of the electrons by crystals....This book fills a gap in the existing books on electron microscopy because it discusses in considerable depth inelastic scattering in electron diffraction and microscopy...very useful both as a textbook and as a reference book....comprehensive and right up to date...suitable for scientists ranging from research students to real experts in the field.' Journal of Microscopy `Without question this book, particularly the treatment of inelastic scattering, is a noteworthy achievement and a valuable contribution to the literature.' American Scientist Table of ContentsIntroduction. Symbols and Definitions. Diffraction and Imaging of Elastically Scattered Electrons: Basic Kinematical Electron Diffraction. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering II: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Elastic Electron Scattering III: Other Approaches. Diffraction and Imaging of Reflected Highenergy Electrons from Bulk Crystal Surfaces. Diffraction and Imaging of Inelastically Scattered Electrons: Inelastic Excitations and 'Absorption' Effect in Electron Diffraction. Semiclassical Theory of Thermal Diffuse Scattering. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering I: Bloch Wave Theory. Reciprocity in Electron Diffraction and Imaging. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green's Function Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering III: Multislice Theory. Dynamical Inelastic Electron Scattering IV: Modified Multislice Theory. Inelastic Scattering in Highresolution Transmission Electron Imaging. Multiple Inelastic Electron Scattering. Inelastic Excitation of Crystals in Thermal Equilibrium with Environment. Appendixes. Index.

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Book SynopsisFrom Antiquity to George Corner.- From Antiquity to George Corner.- The Past Five Decades.- Technological Breakthroughs.- Normal Physiology.- Pathophysiology: The Anovulatory Woman.- Therapeutic Developments.Table of ContentsFrom Antiquity to George Corner.- From Antiquity to George Corner.- The Past Five Decades.- Technological Breakthroughs.- Normal Physiology.- Pathophysiology: The Anovulatory Woman.- Therapeutic Developments.

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Book SynopsisVector Analysis.- Sources and Fields.- Bioelectric Potentials.- Channels.- Action Potentials.- Impulse Propagation.- Electrical Stimulation.- Extracellular Fields.- Cardiac Electrophysiology.- The Neuromuscular Junction.- Skeletal Muscle.- Functional Electrical Stimulation.- Exercises.Trade ReviewPraise for Previous Editions:"This fine text, by two well-known bioengineering professors at Duke University, is an introduction to electrophysiology aimed at engineering students. Most of its chapters cover basic topics in electrophysiology: the electrical properties of the cell membrane, action potentials, cable theory, the neuromuscular junction, extracellular fields, and cardiac electrophysiology. The authors discuss many topics that are central to biophysics and bioengineering [and] the quantitative methods [they] teach will surely be productive in the future." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology "The authors’ goal in producing this book was to provide an introductory text to electrophysiology, based on a quantitative approach. In attempting to achieve this goal, therefore, the authors have opened the book with a useful, and digestible, introduction to various aspects of the mathematics relevant to this field, including vectors, introduction to Laplace, Gauss’s theorem, and Green’s theorem. This book will be useful for students in medical physics and biomedical engineering wishing to enter the field of electrophysiological investigation. It will also be helpful for biologists and physiologists who wish to understand the mathematical treatment of the processes and signals at the center of the interesting interdisciplinary field." Medical and Biomedical Engineering and ComputingTable of ContentsVector Analysis.- Sources and Fields.- Bioelectric Potentials.- Channels.- Action Potentials.- Impulse Propagation.- Electrical Stimulation.- Extracellular Fields.- Cardiac Electrophysiology.- The Neuromuscular Junction.- Skeletal Muscle.- Functional Electrical Stimulation.- Exercises.

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Book SynopsisA revolutionary and hopeful account of Earth not simply as an inanimate planet on which life evolved but as a planet which came to life.

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Book SynopsisWhy are we alive? Most things in the universe aren't. And if you trace the evolutionary history of plants and animals back far enough, you will find that, at some point, neither were we. Scientists have wrestled with this problem for centuries, and no one has been able to offer a credible theory. But in 2013, at just 30 years old, biophysicist Jeremy England published a paper that has utterly upended the ongoing study of life's origins. In Every Life Is on Fire, he describes, for the first time, his highly publicized theory known as dissipative adaptation. In any disordered system, matter clumps together and breaks apart, mostly randomly, without consequence. But some of the clumps that form are momentarily better at doing one specific job: dissipating energy. These structures are less likely to fall apart. Over time, they become better at both withstanding the disorder surrounding them and creating copies of themselves. From this deep insight, grounded in thermodynamics, England is able to isolate the emergence of the first life-like behaviors. Scientists have always thought that life began as a stroke of spectacular luck. But in fact, life may be inevitable, a product of the iron physical laws of the universe.England is both a world-class physicist and an ordained rabbi, and so his enquiry doesn't end with the physics of life. We ask questions like "How did life begin?" not just for the fun of scientific inquiry, but because we want a deeper understanding of who we are and why we're here. Even if physics can explain how life-like behaviors emerged, England doubts that reducing life down to the energy flows of a bunch of microscopic particles can ever give us a satisfying answer to what it means to be alive?. He believes that life is fundamentally a philosophical distinction, not a natural one. So before we can seriously look for life's physical origins, we must first make basic choices about what we think life means. This is something researchers often fail to recognize, and it is why, throughout In Every Life Is on Fire, England informs the premises of his theory with a careful exploration of what life is for.For anyone who reads this book, no matter their creed, In Every Life Is On Fire offers a rare work of popular science that explores not just what science does, but how it imbues our lives with meaning.

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Book SynopsisDefined as, “The science about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage,” embryology has been a mainstay at universities throughout the world for many years. Throughout the last century, embryology became overshadowed by experimental-based genetics and cell biology, transforming the field into developmental biology, which replaced embryology in Biology departments in many universities. Major contributions in this young century in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry and genomics were integrated with both embryology and developmental biology to provide an understanding of the molecular portrait of a “development cell.” That new integrated approach is known as stem-cell biology; it is an understanding of the embryology and development together at the molecular level using engineering, imaging and cell culture principles, and it is at the heart of this seminal book. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: From Molecular Embryology to Tissue Engineering is completely devoted to the basic developmental, cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It focuses on the basic biology of embryonic and cancer cells plus their key involvement in self-renewal, muscle repair, epigenetic processes, and therapeutic applications. In addition, it covers other key relevant topics such as nuclear reprogramming induced pluripotency and stem cell culture techniques using novel biomaterials. A thorough introduction to stem-cell biology, this reference is aimed at graduate students, post-docs, and professors as well as executives and scientists in biotech and pharmaceutical companies.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“The Introduction by the two editors is clearly telling the aim of such a bible, to cover from the basic aspects of molecular embriology dealing with the stemness cellular capacity … till the new challenging opportunities of tissue engineering. I think the price of the book (€ 170) is worthy enough for what the reader will get. … a book with all the figures in colour, this is a great help while looking at cytology, histology or entangled graphs!” (Carlo Alberto Redi, European Journal of Histochemistry, Vol. 55, 2011)Table of ContentsSection 1: Stem Cell Biology.- Introduction to Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine.- Embryonic Stem Cells: Discovery, Development, and Current Trends.- Bmi1 in self-renewal and homeostasis of pancreas.- Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors.- Adipose-derived stem cells and skeletal muscle repair.- Regeneration of sensory cells of adult mammalian inner ear.- Stem Cells and Their Use in Skeletal Tissue Repair.- Section 2: Epigenetic and microRNA Regulation in Stem Cells.- Epigenetic identity in cancer stem cells.- Function of MicroRNA-145 in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency.- Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Liver Regeneration.- Section 3: Stem Cells for Therapeutic Applications.- The Role of Time-Lapse Microscopy in Stem Cell Research and Therapy.- Therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells.- Gastrointestinal stem cells.- Lung epithelial stem cells.- Placental Derived Stem Cells, Potential Clinical Applications.- Bone Marrow Cell Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Clinical Trial Review.- Stem cell Transplantation to the Heart.- Adult Neural Progenitor Cells and Cell Replacement Therapy for Huntington’s Disease.- Migration of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells in Experimental Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases.- Prospects for neural stem cell therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.- Section 4: Nuclear Reprogramming and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.- Nuclear transfer ES cells as a new tool for basic biology.- Pluripotent stem cells in reproductive medicine: Formation of the human germ line in vitro.- Prospects for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes.- Keratinocyte induced pluripotent stem cells: from hair to where?.- Generation and Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Pig.- Induced pluripotent stem cells, on the road toward clinical applications.- Direct reprogramming of human neural stem cells by the single transcription factor Oct 4.- Section 5: Tissue Engineering.- Stem cells and biomaterials: the tissue engineering approach.- Micro-technology for stem cell culture.- Using Lab-on-A-Chip Technologies for Stem cell Biology.- The Development of Small Molecules and Growth Supplements to Control the Differentiation of Stem Cells and the Formation of Neural Tissues.- Long-term propagation of neural stem cells: Focus on 3D culture systems and mitogenic factors.- Section 6: Regenerative Medicine.- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine in Urology.- Muscle derived stem cells: a model for stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine.- Regenerative strategies for cardiac disease.- Collecting, Processing, Banking and Use of Cord Blood Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine.

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Book SynopsisWhat is everything made of? How do things change and how do they work? What is life? In The Nature of Nature, visionary scientist Irv Dardik tackles these questions by introducing his discovery of SuperWaves, a singular wave phenomenon whose design generates what we experience as matter, space, time, motion, energy, and order and chaos. Simply put, the SuperWaves principle states that the fundamental stuff of nature is waves—waves waving within waves, to be exact. Dardik challenges the rationality of accepting a priori that the universe is made of discrete particles. Instead, by drawing from his own discovery of a unique wave behavior and combining it with scientific facts, he shows that every single thing in existence—from quantum particles to entire galaxies—is waves waving in the unique pattern he calls SuperWaves. The discovery of SuperWaves and the ideas behind it, while profound, can be intuitively grasped by every reader, whether scientist or layperson. Touching on everything from quantum physics to gravity, to emergent complexity and thermodynamics, to the origins of health and disease, it shows that our health, and the health of the environment and civilization, depend upon our understanding SuperWaves. The Nature of Nature is an absorbing account that combines Dardik’s contrarian look at the history of science with philosophical discussion, his own groundbreaking research, and hope for the future.

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