Xenobiotics Books

Book SynopsisIf you re working on or studying the effects of drug metabolisms, then this reference is for you! Handbook of Metabolic Pathways of Xenobiotics is an essential new reference which presents the metabolic fate of xenobiotics in animals and plants, and shows the metabolic pathways in the environment.Table of ContentsVolume 1 About the Editors xxxiii Preface xxxvii List of Contributors of Volumes 1 and 2 xxxix Abbreviations and Acronyms xli A personal and historical perspective on drug metabolism 1 Gerald T. Miwa and Arthur K. Cho Fundamentals of organic chemistry as applicable to the biotransformation of foreign compounds 27 Antonia F. Stepan and Amit S. Kalgutkar Functional group biotransformations 61 R. Scott Obach Drugs as victims and perpetrators and the pharmacokinetic concept of maximum exposure 103 Brian W. Ogilvie and Andrew Parkinson Drug-metabolizing enzymes: a group of promiscuous catalysts 125 Qiang Ma and Anthony Y.H. Lu Unusual metabolic reactions and pathways 147 F. Peter Guengerich and Emre M. Isin Role of biotransformation in drug discovery 199 Ronald E. White Role of metabolism in drug development 215 Role of biotransformation in pesticide discovery and development 233 Michael E. Krolski and Stephen C. Dacus Role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in biotransformation 249 Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano Major human conjugative drug-metabolizing enzymes 267 Daniel R. Albaugh and Michael B. Fisher Metabolic activation and associated drug toxicity 303 Thomas A. Baillie In vitro experimental models for studying drug biotransformation 321 Tonika Bohnert and Lawrence L. Gan In vivo experimental models for studying drug biotransformation 383 W. Griffith Humphreys Volume 2 About the Editors xxxiii Preface xxxvii List of Contributors of Volumes 1 and 2 xxxix Abbreviations and Acronyms xli Theory and instrumentation of mass spectrometry and its application to drug metabolism 393 Stacy L. Gelhaus and Ian A. Blair Mass spectral interpretation 419 Li-Kang Zhang and Birendra N. Pramanik Computational approaches in drug biotransformation studies: metabolite prediction 457 Nigel J. Waters and Michelle K. Dennehy High-throughput metabolite detection and quantitative–qualitative bioanalysis 481 Donghui Cui and Sean Yu Metabolic stability screen in drug discovery 499 Chuang Lu Application of triple-quadrupole and its hybrid mass spectrometers for the identification of drug metabolites 523 Zhi-Yi Zhang, Chandra Prakash, and Lin Xu Role of ion trap LC-MS techniques for the identification of drug metabolites 553 Robert D. Pelletier and W. George Lai Drug metabolite identification with high-resolution mass spectrometry 567 Haiying Zhang and Mingshe Zhu Strategies for the identification of unusual and novel metabolites using derivatization, hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX), and liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR) spectroscopy techniques 591 Amin Kamel, Shawn Harriman, and Chandra Prakash The use of nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry for the quantitation of metabolites in the absence of synthetic standards 619 Jing-Tao Wu Quantitation of drug metabolites by radioactivity detection including accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 633 Angus N.R. Nedderman and Mark E. Savage Application of quantitative NMR in drug metabolism studies 661 Abdul E. Mutlib Early assessment of exposure of drug metabolites in humans using mass spectrometry 693 Natalia A. Penner, Joanna Zgoda-Pols, and Chandra Prakash Profiling and characterization of bioactive substances of herbal medicine and their metabolites using mass spectrometry 723 Xiaoyan Chen Application of in silico metabolism and environmental degradation data to support chemical PBT assessment 787 Sabcho Dimitrov, Gilman Veith, and Ovanes Mekenyan Volume 3 About the Editors xxxiii Preface xxxvii List of Data Compilers of Volumes 3–5 xxxix Abbreviations and Acronyms xli Abacavir 809 Acebutolol 813 Acequinocyl 815 Acetaminophen 821 Acibenzolar-S -methyl 825 Acyclovir 829 Adapalene 832 Adonifoline 834 Albuterol 837 Alendronate 840 Alfentanil 842 Aliskiren 847 Alloxan 849 Almotriptan 851 Alprazolam 856 Amantadine 859 Ambroxol 861 Amiodarone 864 Amisulbrom 867 Amitriptyline 875 Amlodipine 878 Amoxicillin 884 Amphetamine 887 Anastrozole 889 trans-Anethole 892 Aniracetam 895 Antipyrine 898 Apixaban 902 Apremilast 905 Aprepitant 909 Aranidipine 913 Arbidol 915 Aripiprazole 918 Asenapine 921 Aspirin 924 Atazanavir 927 Atenolol 931 Atomoxetine 933 Atorvastatin 937 Azelastine 942 Barnidipine 945 Benazepril 949 Bendamustine 952 Benfuresate 956 Benidipine 959 Benthiavalicarb isopropyl 964 Benzophenone 969 Benzoyl peroxide 972 Berberine 974 Betaxolol 979 Bexarotene 981 Bicalutamide 986 Bicifadine 990 Bimatoprost 994 Bisoprolol 996 BMS-214778 999 Boceprevir 1002 Bortezomib 1006 Bosentan 1009 Brimonidine 1012 Brivaracetam 1015 Bromhexine 1018 Brompheniramine 1024 Budesonide 1027 Buprenorphine 1030 Bupropion 1033 Buspirone 1036 Butalbital 1041 3-n-Butylphthalide 1043 Caffeine 1047 Calcipotriene 1051 Candesartan 1054 Capecitabine 1057 Capravirine 1061 Captopril 1067 Carazolol 1070 Carfilzomib 1072 Carvedilol 1076 Casopitant 1081 Cefdinir 1085 Cefepime 1088 Celecoxib 1090 Cetirizine 1094 Chlorpheniramine 1098 Chlorpromazine 1102 Cholecalciferol 1106 Cibenzoline 1110 Ciclesonide 1113 Cidofovir 1118 Cinacalcet 1121 Ciprofloxacin 1125 Cisapride 1128 Cladribine 1136 Clebopride 1139 Clenbuterol 1142 Clindamycin 1145 Clobazam 1147 Clofarabine 1151 Clofibrate 1154 Clopidogrel 1156 Coumarin 1159 Cyclamate 1163 Cyclobenzaprine 1165 Dabigatran 1170 Darifenacin 1174 Darunavir 1177 Dauricine 1181 Degarelix 1186 Desloratadine 1190 Dexamethasone 1193 Dexfenfluramine 1196 Dexmethylphenidate 1198 Dextroamphetamine 1201 Diazepam 1204 Diazoxide 1208 Dichlobenil 1210 Dichlorprop 1212 Diclofenac 1214 Diclosulam 1218 Difloxacin 1220 Digoxin 1223 Diltiazem 1227 Diniconazole-M 1230 Dinotefuran 1232 Diphenhydramine 1237 Dipyridamole 1241 Divalproex 1244 Domperidone 1249 Donepezil 1253 Dopamine 1257 Doripenem 1260 Dorzolamide 1263 Doxazosin 1266 Doxorubicin 1269 Dronabinol 1274 Drospirenone 1278 Duloxetine 1281 Dutasteride 1283 Edoxaban 1286 Efavirenz 1291 Eletriptan 1297 Eltrombopag 1299 Elzasonan 1302 Emtricitabine 1305 Enalapril 1308 Enfuvirtide 1311 Enoxaparin 1315 Eplerenone 1318 Erdosteine 1322 Erlotinib 1324 Ertugliflozin 1327 Escitalopram 1331 Esomeprazole 1335 Estazolam 1338 Estrogens 1341 Ethinylestradiol 1347 Ethionamide 1350 Ethiprole 1354 Ethoxysulfuron 1360 Etonogestrel 1362 Etoricoxib 1365 Etridiazole 1368 Exemestane 1370 Ezetimibe 1373 Ezlopitant 1377 Chemical Name Index I CAS Number Index IX Volume 4 About the Editors xxxiii Preface xxxvii List of Data Compilers of Volumes 3–5 xxxix Abbreviations and Acronyms xli Famciclovir 1381 Famitinib 1385 Famotidine 1391 FDDNP 1393 Febuxostat 1395 Felodipine 1399 Fenazaquin 1404 Fenofibrate 1406 Fenpropimorph 1411 Fenproporex 1416 Fenpyroximate 1419 Fentanyl 1422 Fexofenadine 1425 Finasteride 1427 Fingolimod 1431 Flonicamid 1435 Fluazinam 1439 Fluconazole 1444 Flumioxazin 1446 Flunarizine 1450 Flunitrazepam 1455 Fluopicolide 1458 Fluoxastrobin 1462 Flupyrsulfuron methyl 1467 Fluroxypyr 1469 Flutamide 1471 Fluticasone furoate 1475 Fluticasone propionate 1478 Fluvastatin 1480 Fluvoxamine 1483 Forchlorfenuron 1487 Fosinopril 1489 Furametpyr 1492 Gabapentin 1495 Galantamine 1497 Gambogic acid 1502 Ganoderic acid D 1506 Garenoxacin 1509 Gefitinib 1511 Gemfibrozil 1516 Gemopatrilat 1522 Genipin 1525 Glafenine 1527 Glatiramer acetate 1531 Gliclazide 1533 Glipizide 1536 Granisetron 1538 Harmaline 1541 Hexaconazole 1543 Hydrochlorothiazide 1546 Hydrocodone (oxycodone) 1548 Hydroxychavicol 1551 Ibandronate 1553 Ibuprofen 1555 Ilaprazole 1559 Iloperidone 1562 Imatinib 1567 Imazamethabenz-methyl 1571 Imazamox 1573 Imazosulfuron 1577 Imidafenacin 1579 Imiprothrin 1582 Imiquimod 1584 Imrecoxib 1587 Indacaterol 1590 Indapamide 1593 Indinavir 1597 Ipconazole 1601 Ipratropium 1603 Irbesartan 1606 Irinotecan 1609 Irofulven 1614 Isoeugenol 1617 Isoxaflutole 1619 Isoxicam 1621 Ivermectin 1624 Ixabepilone 1628 Lamivudine 1632 Lamotrigine 1634 Lansoprazole 1638 Lapatinib 1640 Laropiprant 1643 Lasofoxifene 1647 Latanoprost 1651 Lefucoxib 1655 Lersivirine 1657 Letosteine 1660 Letrozole 1662 Levalbuterol 1665 Levocetirizine 1668 Levofloxacin 1671 Levonorgestrel 1673 Levothyroxine 1677 Lidocaine 1679 Linagliptin 1682 Lindane 1685 Linezolid 1687 Lithocholic acid 1690 Lithospermic acid 1693 Lopinavir 1696 Loratadine 1701 Lorazepam 1706 Losartan 1710 Lovastatin 1715 Lufenuron 1719 Lumiracoxib 1723 Lurasidone 1726 Mandipropamid 1732 Mebeverine 1738 Medroxyprogesterone acetate 1741 Meisoindigo 1745 Meloxicam 1747 Memantine 1752 Menadione 1754 Mesalamine 1758 Mesosulfuron-methyl 1761 Mesotrione 1764 Metaxalone 1767 Metformin 1769 Methadone 1771 Methoxyfenozide 1775 Methyldopa 1780 Methylphenidate 1783 Metoclopramide 1786 Metofluthrin 1790 Metoprolol 1792 Metoxuron 1795 Metronidazole 1797 Mexiletine 1800 Mianserin 1803 Mifepristone 1808 Milnacipran 1812 Minocycline 1814 Mirabegron 1816 Misoprostol 1819 Modafinil 1821 Mometasone furoate 1824 Montelukast 1827 Moricizine 1830 Morinidazole 1833 Moxifloxacin 1836 Moxonidine 1838 Mycophenolate mofetil 1841 Nabumetone 1845 Naloxone 1847 Nateglinide 1850 Nevirapine 1853 Niacin 1858 Nicardipine 1861 Nicotine 1865 Nifedipine 1870 Nilotinib 1874 Nilutamide 1878 Nimodipine 1881 Nizatidine 1885 Norelgestromin 1888 Norfloxacin 1891 Norgestimate 1893 Nortriptyline 1897 Novaluron 1900 Chemical Name Index I CAS Number Index IX Volume 5 About the Editors xxxiii Preface xxxvii List of Data Compilers of Volumes 3–5 xxxix Abbreviations and Acronyms xli Olanzapine 1905 Olmesartan medoxomil 1909 Olopatadine 1912 Omeprazole 1915 Ondansetron 1918 Ornidazole 1921 Orphenadrine 1923 Oxadiargyl 1925 Oxcarbazepine 1930 Oxybenzone 1933 Oxycodone 1936 Paclitaxel 1940 Paclobutrazol 1945 Paeonol 1949 Paliperidone 1951 Pantoprazole 1953 Paroxetine 1957 Pefloxacin 1960 Peliglitazar 1962 Penthiopyrad 1965 Pentoxazone 1970 Perphenazine 1972 Phenolphthalein 1976 Picolinafen 1978 Pindolol 1981 Pioglitazone 1984 Piperacillin 1988 Piroxicam 1991 Pirprofen 1993 Pitavastatin 1998 Pramipexole 2004 Pravastatin 2006 Prazosin 2012 Pregabalin 2016 Prochloraz 2018 Propafenone 2020 Prosulfuron 2024 Prothioconazole 2027 20(S )-Protopanaxadiol 2030 Proxyphylline 2033 Pseudoephedrine 2035 (2S )-Pterosin A 2037 Pyraflufen-ethyl 2039 Pyrasulfotole 2042 Pyrazosulfuron methyl 2045 Pyribenzoxim 2047 Pyridalyl 2050 Pyrimethanil 2055 Quetiapine 2058 Rabeprazole 2061 Raloxifene 2065 Ramelteon 2069 Ranitidine 2072 Repaglinide 2075 Rifapentine 2079 Risedronate 2082 Risperidone 2084 Ritonavir 2087 Rivaroxaban 2092 Rizatriptan 2096 Rofecoxib 2100 Roflumilast 2105 Ropinirole 2107 Rosiglitazone 2110 Rosuvastatin 2115 Rotigotine 2119 Ruboxistaurin 2122 Rufinamide 2125 Ruxolitinib 2127 Salmeterol 2130 Sameridine 2133 Saxagliptin 2136 Selegiline 2139 Seliciclib 2142 Sertraline 2145 Silafluofen 2149 Sildenafil 2151 Simvastatin 2155 Sitagliptin 2160 Sorafenib 2164 Sudoxicam 2166 Sulcotrione 2169 Sulindac 2172 Sumatriptan 2175 Sunepitron 2178 Tacrolimus 2183 Tadalafil 2187 Tafluprost 2190 Tamoxifen 2193 Tamsulosin 2197 Telmisartan 2200 Temozolomide 2202 Tenofovir 2205 Tepraloxydim 2208 Terazosin 2212 Terbinafine 2215 Tetraconazole 2219 Thalidomide 2222 Theophylline 2226 Thiamethoxam 2231 Ticagrelor 2236 Ticlopidine 2239 Timolol 2242 Tinidazole 2245 Tiotropium 2247 Tipranavir 2250 Tirapazamine 2253 Tobramycin 2255 Tolbutamide 2257 Tolcapone 2261 Tolfenpyrad 2265 Tolterodine 2267 Tolvaptan 2270 Topiramate 2274 Torcetrapib 2277 Tramadol 2281 Trandolapril 2284 Traxoprodil 2286 Triamcinolone 2289 Triamcinolone acetonide 2291 Triasulfuron 2294 Triclosan 2296 Trimebutine 2298 Tropisetron 2302 Vabicaserin 2305 Valacyclovir 2310 Valdecoxib 2313 Valsartan 2317 Vardenafil 2319 Varenicline 2322 Vemurafenib 2325 Venlafaxine 2328 Verapamil 2332 Veratridine 2336 Vilanterol 2339 Vildagliptin 2343 Vinorelbine 2348 Vismodegib 2353 Warfarin 2357 Ximelagatran 2361 Zafirlukast 2363 Zearalenone 2366 Zibotentan 2369 Zidovudine 2372 Ziprasidone 2375 Zofenopril 2382 Zolmitriptan 2385 Zolpidem 2387 Chemical Name Index I CAS Number Index IX

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Book SynopsisOleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid ubiquitous in nature. This book discusses the physical-chemical properties, natural sources, evolutionary aspects, biosynthesis, catabolism, nutritional value, health benefits, and biotechnological uses of oleic acid. Specific topics discussed include oleic acid roles in natural and genetically modified plants, mammalian milk, biofuel production, brain, enzyme immobilisation, and cancer.

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Book SynopsisIn this handbook, the authors present topical research in the study of the formation mechanisms, physiological roles and common harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Topics discussed in this compilation include the role of mitochondria in the generation of ROS; reactive oxygen species in cyanobacteria; participation of ROS in the formation of induced resistances of plants to abiotic stressors; ROS and autoimmune diseases; metal oxide nanoparticles as a source for ROS and their application in the fabrication of antimicrobial textiles; the synergistic effect of photocatalytic water purification with ROS; oxidative stress on neurodegeneration and its implications in Alzheimer''s and Parkinson''s disease; the interplay between ROS and gaseous messenger molecules in plant response to environmental stresses; ROS in non-invasive cancer therapy; oxidative stress in the lungs and blood induced by smoking and exercise; plant signalling networks involving reactive oxygen species and Ca2+; free radicals and the role of antioxidant enzymes on ionising radiation resistance in zygophyllum fabago, phragmites australis, argusia sibirica L., and eleagnus caspica plants; reactive oxygen species and wound healing; and gender dimorphism in hepatic oxidative stress induced by protein malnutrition during pregnancy and childhood.

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Book SynopsisAn immense amount of human knowledge that has been collected for ages currently exists. Nonetheless, the quest for the cure of some dire diseases, many of them fatal, is needed now more than ever. It seems that the main focus is not to state consequences, but to find causes. Taking the hypercomplexity of human biochemistry and physiology into consideration, as well as the multitude of existing scientific reports in the literature at present, this knowledge is vast enough to spend a lifetime studying, if anyone were willing to do so. This information will then pave the way to even more research in any field of science, regardless of being old-fashioned, forgotten or even discredited by some of the scientific representatives that would certainly be labelled as deceivers of humanity for leaving us with fewer choices, thus restraining our right to choose what is best for ourselves. Science is boundless, and therefore, all research should be free of any interference, for example, on how and if a research study should be conducted until the results are presented. That was not the case with the last centuries'' scientists; back then, both their laboratories and lives were in danger. In honour of those who stand for free science, this volume presents the knowledge as it should be, as an open source to anyone, and where it leads us is our own decision entirely. This is the fourth volume in our series.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present current research in the study of the food sources, biological roles and health implications of oligosaccharides. Topics discussed in this compilation include functional oligosacchardes and their positive health benefits on the digestive system; prebiotic oligosaccharides; the role of human milk oligosaccharides in preventing respiratory infections in infants; alterations in the glycosylation patterns of alpha-1 glycoprotein in the diagnostic detection of breast cancer; production of oligosaccharides with low molecular weights, secoiridoids and phenolic glycosides from thermally treated olive by-products; supramolecular analytical applications of cyclodextrins and their derivatives using fluorescence spectroscopy; utilisation of soy oligosaccharides during fermentation by lactobacilli; impact of low oligosaccharide soybean meal on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens; lipo-oligosaccharides in Miller Fisher Syndrome; and oligosaccharides from ancient beverages fermented by symbiotic cultures.

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Book SynopsisFayson and her friends are back together and ready for their toughest case yet - someone is sending anonymous emails accusing the detective agency of being a nuisance to the island! But when they discover an abandoned boat with two wet lifejackets on board, they know they have a new mystery to solve. As strange things start happening on the island, with books and video games vanishing and a suspicious figure lurking around at night, Di Island Crew must use all their smarts to uncover the truth. Can they crack the case and save the detective agency, or will they be forced to close down for good?Trade Review'- - Praise for Di Island Crew Investigates series:' - -'Famous Five with class war!... brilliantly observed child relationships' - Louie Stowell'Like Enid Blyton with a social conscience, this marks the start of an addictive new series for 8+' - Guardian'Exploring themes of family and friendship, this is great for fans of mystery adventure stories'' - The Week Junior, Book of the Week'A charming plot... ideal for confident younger readers' - BookTrust

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Book SynopsisReviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications. Table of Contents

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