Trigonometry Books

Book SynopsisThis updated version of Animation Maths is an accessible and practical guide to animation programming. It opens with arithmetic, solving systems and trigonometry fundamentals, then guides the reader through standard topics such as real functions, the relevant golden section, coordinate systems and vectors. All the subsequent topics are programming oriented and calculus-free and have been selected to add efficiency to your games and animations. In addition to programmable kinematics, Animation Maths offers collision detection, the parametric equations of lines and planes in 3D, and matrices, which are covered in great detail. On its extension to complex numbers, Animation Maths shows the abilities of quaternions as superior 3D rotators.

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Book SynopsisGain a solid foundation in the principles of mathematical thinking with the algebra and trigonometry textbook that's written so you can understand it. ALGEBRA AND TRIGONOMETRY, 5th Edition by best-selling author team Stewart/Redlin/Watson explains concepts simply and clearly, helping you grasp the math that you need to succeed in this course. This edition provides updated guidelines on how to solve problems for each topic. New, helpful review and revised practice opportunities work with new content as the authors introduce problem solving and mathematical modeling early in the book and emphasize these principles throughout. Comprehensive and evenly paced, this edition introduces the function concept and guides you in using a graphing calculator as you develop insights into mathematical ideas. Online WebAssign resources are also available to provide interactive practice and assist you in mastering key principles.Table of ContentsPreface. To the Student. Prologue: Principles of Problem Solving. P. PREREQUISITES. Chapter Overview. P1. Modeling the Real-World with Algebra. P2. The Real Numbers. P3. Integer Exponents and Scientific Notation. P4. Rational Exponents and Radicals. P5. Algebraic Expressions. P6. Factoring. P7. Rational Expressions. P8. Solving Basic Equations. P9. Modeling with Equations. Chapter P Review. Chapter P Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: MAKING THE BEST DECISIONS. 1. EQUATIONS AND GRAPHS. Chapter Overview. 1.1 The Coordinate Plane. 1.2 Graphs of Equations in Two Variables; Circles. 1.3 Lines. 1.4 Solving Quadratic Equations. 1.5 Complex Numbers. 1.6 Solving Other Types of Equations. 1.7 Solving Inequalities. 1.8 Solving Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities. 1.9 Solving Equations and Inequalities Graphically. 1.10 Modeling Variations. Chapter 1 Review. Chapter 1 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: Fitting Lines to Data. 2. FUNCTIONS. Chapter Overview. 2.1 Functions. 2.2 Graphs of Functions. 2.3 Getting Information from the Graph of a Function. 2.4 Average Rate of Change of a Function. 2.5 Linear Functions and Models. 2.6 Transformations of Functions. 2.7 Combining Functions. 2.8 One-to-One Functions and Their Inverses. Chapter 2 Review. Chapter 2 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: MODELING WITH FUNCTIONS. 3. POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS. Chapter Overview. 3.1. Quadratic Functions and Models. 3.2 Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs. 3.3 Dividing Polynomials. 3.4 Real Zeros of Polynomials. 3.5 Complex Zeros and the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. 3.6 Rational Functions. 3.7 Polynomial and Rational Inequalities. Chapter 3 Review. Chapter 3 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: FITTING POLYNOMIAL CURVES TO DATA. 4. EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS. Chapter Overview. 4.1 Exponential Functions. 4.2 The Natural Exponential Function. 4.3 Logarithmic Functions. 4.4 Laws of Logarithms. 4.5 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations. 4.6 Modeling with Exponential Functions. 4.7 Logarithmic Scales. Chapter 4 Review. Chapter 4 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: FITTING EXPONENTIAL AND POWER CURVES TO DATA. 5. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: RIGHT TRIANGLE APPROACH. Chapter Overview. 5.1 Angle Measure. 5.2 Trigonometry of Right Triangles. 5.3 Trigonometric Functions of Angles. 5.4 Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Triangles. 5.5 The Law of Sines. 5.6 The Law of Cosines. Chapter 5 Review. Chapter 5 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: SURVEYING. 6. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS: UNIT CIRCLE APPROACH. Chapter Overview. 6.1 The Unit Circle. 6.2 Trigonometric Functions of Real Numbers. 6.3 Trigonometric Graphs. 6.4 More Trigonometric Graphs. 6.5 Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Their Graphs. 6.6 Modeling Harmonic Motion. Chapter 6 Review. Chapter 6 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: FITTING SINUSOIDAL CURVES TO DATA. 7. CONIC SECTIONS. Chapter Overview. 7.1 Trigonometric Identities. 7.2 Addition and Subtraction Formulas. 7.3 Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Sum-Product Formulas. 7.4 Basic Trigonometric Equations. 7.5 More Trigonometric Equations. Chapter 7 Review. Chapter 7 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: TRAVELING AND STANDING WAVES. 8. POLAR COORDINATES, PARAMETRIC EQUATIONS, and VECTORS. Chapter Overview. 8.1 Polar Coordinates. 8.2 Graphs of Polar Equations. 8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers; DeMoivre's Theorem. 8.4 Plane Curves and Parametric Equations. 8.5 Vectors in Two Dimensions. 8.6 The Dot Product. Chapter 8 Review. Chapter 8 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: THE PATH OF A PROJECTILE. 9. SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES. Chapter Overview. 9.1 Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables. 9.2 Systems of Linear Equations in Several Variables. 9.3 Partial Fractions. 9.4 Systems of Nonlinear Equations. 9.5 Systems of Inequalities. Chapter 9 Review. Chapter 9 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: LINEAR PROGRAMMING. 10. MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS. Chapter Overview. 10.1 Matrices and Systems of Linear Equations. 10.2 The Algebra of Matrices. 10.3 Inverses of Matrices and Matrix Equations. 10.4 Determinants and Cramer's Rule. Chapter 10 Review. Chapter 10 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: COMPUTER GRAPHICS. 11. CONIC SECTIONS. Chapter Overview. 11.1 Parabolas. 11.2 Ellipses. 11.3 Hyperbolas. 11.4 Shifted Conics. 11.5 Rotation of Axes. 11.6 Polar Equations of Conics. Chapter 11 Review. Chapter 11 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: CONICS IN ARCHITECTURE. 12. SEQUENCES AND SERIES. Chapter Overview. 12.1 Sequences and Summation Notation. 12.2 Arithmetic Sequences. 12.3 Geometric Sequences. 12.4 Mathematical Induction. 12.5 The Binomial Theorem. Chapter 12 Review. Chapter 12 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: MODELING WITH RECURSIVE SEQUENCES. 13. COUNTING AND PROBABILITY. Chapter Overview. 13.1 Counting. 13.2 Probability. 13.3 Binomial Probability. 13.4 Expected Value. Chapter 13 Review. Chapter 13 Test. FOCUS ON MODELING: THE MONTE CARLO METHOD. APPENDIX A: Geometry Review. APPENDIX B: Calculations and Significant Figures. APPENDIX C: Graphing with a Graphing Calculator. APPENDIX D: Using the TI-83/84 Graphing Calculator. Additional Topics Vectors in Three-Dimensions (available on website) Mathematics of Finance (available on website)

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2013 Shortlisted for the 2013 BSHM Neumann Book Prize, British Society for the History of Mathematics "Once a mainstay of mathematics, spherical trigonometry no longer appears on school curricula. Here, Glen Van Brummelen reasserts the field's importance, sharing in illuminating detail how it figured in astronomy, cartography and our understanding of Earth's rotation."--Rosalind Metcalfe, Nature "The present book is very well written; it leaves a clear impression that the author intended to endear--not merely present and teach--spherical trigonometry to the reader. Although not a history book, there are separate chapters shedding light on the approaches to the subject in the ancient, medieval, and modern times. There are also chapters on spherical geometry, polyhedra, stereographic projection and the art of navigation. The book is thoroughly illustrated and is a pleasant read. Chapters end with exercises; the appendices contain a long list of available and not so available textbooks and recommendations for further reading organized by individual chapters. The book made a valuable addition to my library. I freely recommend it to math teachers and curious high schoolers."--Alexander Bogomolny, CTK Insights "A no-nonsense introduction to spherical trigonometry."--Book News, Inc. "A beautiful popular book."--ThatsMaths.com "Full of academic, textbook content, the book is a delight to math students. So if you are game for a journey into the world of spherical trigonometry, pick up the book. Van Brummelen gives exercises at the end of the chapters that can be fun."--R. Balashankar, Organiser "Heavenly Mathematicsis a truly enjoyable description of the somewhat forgotten science of spherical trigonometry... As readers discover this discipline, they will also appreciate the beauty inherent in the topic."--Choice "Heavenly Mathematics proves the value of bringing a fascinating piece of mathematical history within the grasp of the general reader."--Florin Diacu, Literary Review of Canada "Van Brummelen has written a wonderful introduction ... that draws on the history of [spherical trigonometry] to illuminate the mathematics itself and at the same time gives readers a real sense of what research in the history of early mathematics is all about."--Metascience "[Heavenly Mathematics] is an excellent survey of spherical trigonometry... Simply an appreciation of a beautiful lost subject, with historical overtones... [D]istinguishable for its appealingly fresh style."--Mathematical Reviews "[Heavenly Mathematics] is a lovely book to read... [A] wonderful introduction for anyone who wishes to learn more about this subject... I am in full agreement with the author that spherical trigonometry ought to be brought to a wider audience, and I believe that this is the book to do it."--Mathematics Today "Engaging, clear and not overly technical; you can safely lend this book to your friends in the history department... [Heavenly Mathematics] is excellent."--Zentralblatt MATH "Heavenly Mathematics will be of interest to mathematically inclined historians of science and also to students of mathematics and engineering. Because spherical trigonometry is relevant in applications of modern science, this elegant book may even contribute to a renaissance of the subject."--Jan P. Hogendijk, Isis "This book could serve as an excellent textbook for any secondary school mathematics classroom at or above the level of geometry and certainly trigonometry; as the basis for a high school honors class; or as a textbook and seminar topic for college students."--Teresa Floyd, Mathematics Teacher "Any reader of this book (and there should be many) will see how present day mathematics may be viewed through the kaleidoscope of its historical origins... Glen Van Brummelen has written a beautifully produced book that includes fascinating biographical detail at every stage of his narrative."--P.N. Ruane, Mathematical Gazette "An engaging read that will appeal to historians of science, mathematicians, trigonometry teachers, and anyone interested in the history of mathematics."--Elizabeth Hamm, Aestimatio Critical Reviews in the History of ScienceTable of ContentsPreface vii 1 Heavenly Mathematics 1 2 Exploring the Sphere 23 3 The Ancient Approach 42 4 The Medieval Approach 59 5 The Modern Approach: Right- Angled Triangles 73 6 The Modern Approach: Oblique Triangles 94 7 Areas, Angles, and Polyhedra 110 8 Stereographic Projection 129 9 Navigating by the Stars 151 Appendix A. Ptolemy's Determination of the Sun's Position 173 Appendix B. Textbooks 179 Appendix C. Further Reading 182 Index 189

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Book SynopsisSpherical trigonometry was at the heart of astronomy and ocean-going navigation for two millennia. This title traces the rich history of this forgotten art, revealing how the cultures of classical Greece, medieval Islam, and the modern West used spherical trigonometry to chart the heavens and the Earth.Trade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2013 Shortlisted for the 2013 BSHM Neumann Book Prize, British Society for the History of Mathematics "Once a mainstay of mathematics, spherical trigonometry no longer appears on school curricula. Here, Glen Van Brummelen reasserts the field's importance, sharing in illuminating detail how it figured in astronomy, cartography and our understanding of Earth's rotation."--Rosalind Metcalfe, Nature "The present book is very well written; it leaves a clear impression that the author intended to endear--not merely present and teach--spherical trigonometry to the reader. Although not a history book, there are separate chapters shedding light on the approaches to the subject in the ancient, medieval, and modern times. There are also chapters on spherical geometry, polyhedra, stereographic projection and the art of navigation. The book is thoroughly illustrated and is a pleasant read. Chapters end with exercises; the appendices contain a long list of available and not so available textbooks and recommendations for further reading organized by individual chapters. The book made a valuable addition to my library. I freely recommend it to math teachers and curious high schoolers."--Alexander Bogomolny, CTK Insights "A no-nonsense introduction to spherical trigonometry."--Book News, Inc. "A beautiful popular book."--ThatsMaths.com "Full of academic, textbook content, the book is a delight to math students. So if you are game for a journey into the world of spherical trigonometry, pick up the book. Van Brummelen gives exercises at the end of the chapters that can be fun."--R. Balashankar, Organiser "Heavenly Mathematicsis a truly enjoyable description of the somewhat forgotten science of spherical trigonometry... As readers discover this discipline, they will also appreciate the beauty inherent in the topic."--Choice "Heavenly Mathematics proves the value of bringing a fascinating piece of mathematical history within the grasp of the general reader."--Florin Diacu, Literary Review of Canada "Van Brummelen has written a wonderful introduction ... that draws on the history of [spherical trigonometry] to illuminate the mathematics itself and at the same time gives readers a real sense of what research in the history of early mathematics is all about."--Metascience "[Heavenly Mathematics] is an excellent survey of spherical trigonometry... Simply an appreciation of a beautiful lost subject, with historical overtones... [D]istinguishable for its appealingly fresh style."--Mathematical Reviews "[Heavenly Mathematics] is a lovely book to read... [A] wonderful introduction for anyone who wishes to learn more about this subject... I am in full agreement with the author that spherical trigonometry ought to be brought to a wider audience, and I believe that this is the book to do it."--Mathematics Today "Engaging, clear and not overly technical; you can safely lend this book to your friends in the history department... [Heavenly Mathematics] is excellent."--Zentralblatt MATH "Heavenly Mathematics will be of interest to mathematically inclined historians of science and also to students of mathematics and engineering. Because spherical trigonometry is relevant in applications of modern science, this elegant book may even contribute to a renaissance of the subject."--Jan P. Hogendijk, Isis "This book could serve as an excellent textbook for any secondary school mathematics classroom at or above the level of geometry and certainly trigonometry; as the basis for a high school honors class; or as a textbook and seminar topic for college students."--Teresa Floyd, Mathematics Teacher "Any reader of this book (and there should be many) will see how present day mathematics may be viewed through the kaleidoscope of its historical origins... Glen Van Brummelen has written a beautifully produced book that includes fascinating biographical detail at every stage of his narrative."--P.N. Ruane, Mathematical Gazette "An engaging read that will appeal to historians of science, mathematicians, trigonometry teachers, and anyone interested in the history of mathematics."--Elizabeth Hamm, Aestimatio Critical Reviews in the History of ScienceTable of ContentsPreface vii 1 Heavenly Mathematics 1 2 Exploring the Sphere 23 3 The Ancient Approach 42 4 The Medieval Approach 59 5 The Modern Approach: Right- Angled Triangles 73 6 The Modern Approach: Oblique Triangles 94 7 Areas, Angles, and Polyhedra 110 8 Stereographic Projection 129 9 Navigating by the Stars 151 Appendix A. Ptolemy's Determination of the Sun's Position 173 Appendix B. Textbooks 179 Appendix C. Further Reading 182 Index 189

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Book SynopsisTrigonometry has 2000-year-old roots in everyday useful endeavors, like finding the size of an object too big or far away to measure directly, or navigating from Point A to Point B. However, it is often taught very theoretically, with an emphasis on abstractions. Make: Trigonometry uses 3D printable models and readily-available physical objects like wire and cardboard tubes to develop intuition about concepts in trigonometry and basic analytic geometry. Readers will imagine the thought process of the people who invented these mathematical concepts, and can try out "math experiments" to see for themselves how ingenious ancient navigators and surveyors really were. The analytic geometry part of the book links equations to many of these intuitive concepts, which we explore through in-depth explanations of manipulative models of conic sections. This book is aimed at high school students who might be in Algebra II or Pre-Calculus. It shows the geometrical and practical sides of these topics that otherwise can drown in their own algebra. Make: Trigonometry builds on the basics of the authors' earlier book, Make: Geometry, and is intended as a bridge from that book to their Make: Calculus book. The user can read this book and understand the concepts from the photographs of 3D printable models alone. However, since many models are puzzle-like, we encourage the reader to print the models on any consumer-grade filament based 3D printer. The models are available for download in a freely-available open source repository. They were created in the free program OpenSCAD, and can be 3D printed or modified by the student in OpenSCAD to learn a little coding along the way.

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Book SynopsisBarnett, Ziegler, Byleen, and Sobeckiâs College Algebra with Trigonometry text is designed to be user friendly and to maximize student comprehension by emphasizing computational skills, ideas, and problem solving as opposed to mathematical theory. The large number of pedagogical devices employed in this text will guide a student through the course. Integrated throughout the text, students and instructors will find Explore-Discuss boxes which encourage students to think critically about mathematical concepts. In each section, the worked examples are followed by matched problems that reinforce the concept being taught. In addition, the text contains an abundance of exercises and applications that will convince students that math is useful. A MathZone site featuring algorithmic exercises, videos, and other resources accompanies the text.Table of ContentsCollege Algebra with Trigonometry 9e CHAPTER R: BASIC ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS R-1Algebra and Real Numbers R-2Exponents and Radicals R-3Polynomials: Basic Operations and Factoring R-4Rational Expressions: Basic Operations Chapter R Review CHAPTER 1: EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES 1-1Linear Equations and Applications 1-2Linear Inequalities 1-3Absolute Value 1-4Complex Numbers 1-5Quadratic Equations and Applications 1-6Equations Involving Radicals Chapter 1 Group Activity: Solving a Cubic Equation Chapter 1 Review CHAPTER 2: GRAPHS 2-1Rectangular Coordinates 2-2Distance in the Plane 2-3Equations of a Line 2-4Linear Equations and Models Chapter 2 Group Activity: Rates of Change Chapter 2 Review CHAPTER 3: FUNCTIONS 3-1Functions 3-2Graphing Functions 3-3Transformations of Functions 3-3Quadratic Functions 3-5Combining Functions; Composition 3-6Inverse Functions Chapter 3 Group Activity: Mathematical Modeling - Choosing a Long-Distance Calling Plan Chapter 3 Review 1, 2, & 3 Cumulative Review Exercises CHAPTER 4: POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS 4-1Polynomial Functions And Models 4-2Real Zeros and Polynomial Inequalities 4-3Complex Zeros and Rational Zeros of Polynomials 4-4Rational Functions and Inequalities 4-5Variation and Modeling Chapter 4 Group Activity: Interpolating Polynomials Chapter 4 Review CHAPTER 5: EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS 5-1Exponential Functions 5-2Exponential Models 5-3Logarithmic Functions 5-4Logarithmic Models 5-5Exponential and Logarithmic Equations Chapter 5 Group Activity: Growth of Increasing Functions Chapter 5 Review 4 & 5 Cumulative Review Exercises CHAPTER 6: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 6-1Angles and Their Measure 6-2Right Triangle Trigonometry 6-3Trigonometric Functions: A Unit Circle Approach 6-4Trigonometric Functions: Properties and Graphs 6-5More General Trigonometric Functions 6-6Inverse Trigonometric Functions Chapter 6 Group Activity: A Predator-Prey Analysis Involving Mountain Lions and Deer Chapter 6 Review CHAPTER 7: TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES AND CONDITIONAL EQUATIONS 7-1Basic Identities and Their Use 7-2Sum, Difference, and Cofunction Identities 7-3Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities 7-4Product-Sum and Sum-Product Identities 7-5Trigonometric Equations Chapter 7 Group Activity: From M sin Bt + N cos Bt to A sin(Bt + C) - A Harmonic Analysis Tool Chapter 7 Review CHAPTER 8: ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN TRIGONOMETRY 8-1Law of Sines 8-2Law of Cosines 8-3Vectors in the Plane 8-4Polar Coordinates and Graphs 8-5Complex Numbers and De Moivre's Theorem Chapter 8 Group Activity: Conic Sections and Planetary Orbits Chapter 8 Review 6, 7, & 8 Cumulative Review Exercises CHAPTER 9: ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 9-1Conic Sections; Parabola 9-2Ellipse 9-3Hyperbola 9-4Rotation of Axes Chapter 9 Group Activity: Focal Chords Chapter 9 Review CHAPTER 10: SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES; MATRICES 10-1Systems of Linear Equations 10-2Solving Linear Systems Using Gauss-Jordan Elimination 10-3Matrix Operations 10-4Solving Linear Systems Using Inverse Matrices 10-5Determinants and Cramer's Rule Chapter 10 Group Activity: Modeling with Systems of Linear Equations 10-6Systems of Nonlinear Equations 10-7Systems of Linear Inequalities 10-8Linear Programming Chapter 10 Review CHAPTER 11: SEQUENCES AND SERIES 11-1Sequences and Series 11-2Mathematical Induction 11-3Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences 11-4Counting Techniques: Multiplication Principle, Permutations, and Combinations 11-5Sample Spaces and Probability 11-6Binomial Formula Chapter 11 Group Activity: Sequences Specified by Recursion Formulas Chapter 11 Review 9. 10, & 11 Cumulative Review Exercises CHAPTER 12: LIMITS: AN INTRODUCTION TO CALCULUS 12-1Introduction to Limits 12-2Computing Limits Algebraically 12-3Limits at Infinity 12-4The Derivative 12-5Area and Calculus Chapter 12 Group Activity: Derivatives of Exponential and Log Functions Chapter 12 Review APPENDIX A: SPECIAL TOPICS A-1Scientific Notation and Significant Digits A-2Partial Fractions A-3Parametric Equations APPENDIX B B-1Geometric Formulas

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Book SynopsisRooted in ancient astronomy, trigonometry is mathematics' powerful toolkit for scientific measurement. It has been at the heart of the study of infinity, complex and imaginary numbers, and the shape of the space itself. Our experience of the universe has been made possible, and deeply challenged, by this surprisingly deep and fruitful subject.Trade ReviewA pleasure to read * Andrew Ruddle, Mathematics today *Non-superficiality, combined with the author's specialised knowledge of historical material and examples not commonly found in other standard trigonometry texts, makes the book a worthwhile read for mathematical readers. * Viktor Blasjo, MathSciNet *Table of Contents1: Why? 2: Sines, Cosines and their Relatives 3: Building a Sine Table with Your Bare Hands: The Basic Identities 4: Identities, and More Identities 5: To Infinity... 6: ...And Beyond, to Complex Things 7: Spheres and More Further Reading

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Book SynopsisTrigonometry has always been an underappreciated branch of mathematics. It has a reputation as a dry and difficult subject, a glorified form of geometry complicated by tedious computation. In this book, Eli Maor draws on his remarkable talents as a guide to the world of numbers to dispel that view. Rejecting the usual arid descriptions of sine, cosTrade Review"Maor's presentation of the historical development of the concepts and results deepens one's appreciation of them, and his discussion of the personalities involved and their politics and religions puts a human face on the subject. His exposition of mathematical arguments is thorough and remarkably easy to understand. There is a lot of material here that teachers can use to keep their students awake and interested. In short, Trigonometric Delights should be required reading for everyone who teaches trigonometry and can be highly recommended for anyone who uses it."--George H. Swift, American Mathematics Monthly "[Maor] writes enthusiastically and engagingly... Delightful reading from cover to cover. Trigonometric Delights is a welcome addition."--Sean Bradley, MAA Online "Maor clearly has a great love of trigonometry, formulas and all, and his enthusiasm shines through... If you always wanted to know where trigonometry came from, and what it's good for, you'll find plenty here to enlighten you."--Ian Stewart, New Scientist "This book will appeal to a general audience interested in the history of mathematics. I highly recommend [it] to teachers who would like to ground their lessons in the sort of mathematical investigations that were undertaken throughout history."--Richard S. Kitchen, Mathematics TeacherTable of ContentsPreface xi Prologue: Ahmes the Scribe, 1650 B.C. 3 Recreational Mathematics in Ancient Egypt 11 1.Angles 15 2.Chords 20 Plimpton 322: The Earliest Trigonometric Table? 30 3.Six Functions Come of Age 35 Johann Muller, alias Regiomontanus 41 4.Trigonometry Becomes Analytic 50 Francois Viete 56 5.Measuring Heaven and Earth 63 Abraham De Moivre 80 6.Two Theorems from Geometry 87 7.Epicycloids and Hypocycloids 95 Maria Agnesi and Her "Witch" 108 8.Variations on a Theme by Gauss 112 9.Had Zeno Only Known This! 117 10.(sin x)/x 129 11.A Remarkable Formula 139 Jules Lissajous and His Figures 145 12.tan x 150 13.A Mapmaker's Paradise 165 14.sin x = 2: Imaginary Trigonometry 181 Edmund Landau: The Master Rigorist 192 15. Fourier's Theorem 198 Appendixes 211 1.Let's Revive an Old Idea 213 2.Barrow's Integration of sec o 218 3.Some Trigonometric Gems 220 4.Some Special Values of sin alpha 222 Bibliography 225 Credits for Illustrations 229 Index 231

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Glen van Brummelen has prepared a highly recommended, accessible and definitive history of the subject that will serve as a resource for scholars for decades to come."---Daniel Otero, MAA Reviews"The Doctrine of Triangles is an informative and valuable reference work."---Wallace A Ferguson, Institute of Mathematics and its Applications"A guided tour through the museum of mathematics. . . . [The Doctrine of Triangles] takes the history of trigonometry, which is a formidable subject in its scope and size, and transforms it into something readable."---Daniel Mansfield, The Mathematical Intelligencer"Very easy to read, and there are lots of helpful diagrams, especially for the spherical trigonometry . . . [The Doctrine of Triangles] is deeply enriched by extracts from contemporary texts, given first in fairly literal English translations, often accompanied by the original diagrams, and then explained in modern terms. So mathematical readers (and, I hope, their students) can experience a little of what trigonometry was actually like at each stage in its history."---John Hannah, Aestimatio

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Book SynopsisAn interdisciplinary history of trigonometry from the mid-sixteenth century to the early twentiethThe Doctrine of Triangles offers an interdisciplinary history of trigonometry that spans four centuries, starting in 1550 and concluding in the 1900s. Glen Van Brummelen tells the story of trigonometry as it evolved from an instrument for understanding the heavens to a practical tool, used in fields such as surveying and navigation. In Europe, China, and America, trigonometry aided and was itself transformed by concurrent mathematical revolutions, as well as the rise of science and technology. Following its uses in mid-sixteenth-century Europe as the foot of the ladder to the stars and the mathematical helpmate of astronomy, trigonometry became a ubiquitous tool for modeling various phenomena, including animal populations and sound waves. In the late sixteenth century, trigonometry increasingly entered the physical world through the practical disciplines, and its societal reach expanded

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsEvery chapter ends with Review Exercises, Discussion Exercises, and a Chapter Test. 1. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF ALGEBRA. Real Numbers. Exponents and Radicals. Algebraic Expressions. Fractional Expressions. 2. EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES. Equations. Applied Problems. Quadratic Equations. Complex Numbers. Other Types of Equations. Inequalities. More on Inequalities. 3. FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS. Rectangular Coordinate Systems. Graphs of Equations. Lines. Definition of Function. Graphs of Functions. Quadratic Functions. Operations on Functions. 4. POLYNOMIAL AND RATIONAL FUNCTIONS. Polynomial Functions of Degree Greater than 2. Properties of Division. Zeros of Polynomials. Complex and Rational Zeros of Polynomials. Rational Functions. Variation. 5. INVERSE, EXPONENTIAL, AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS. Inverse Functions. Exponential Functions. The Natural Exponential Function. Logarithmic Functions. Properties of Logarithms. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations. 6. THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS. Angles. Trigonometric Functions of Angles. Trigonometric Functions of Real Numbers. Values of Trigonometric Functions. Trigonometric Graphs. Additional Trigonometric Graphs. Applied Problems. 7. ANALYTIC TRIGONOMETRY. Verifying Trigonometric Identities. Trigonometric Equations. The Addition and Subtraction Formulas. Multiple-Angle Formulas. Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas. The Inverse Trigonometric Functions. 8. APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY. The Law of Sines. The Law of Cosines. Vectors. The Dot Product. Trigonometric Form for Complex Numbers. De Moivre's Theorem and nth Roots of Complex Numbers. 9. SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES. Systems of Equations. Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables. Systems of Inequalities. Linear Programming. Systems of Linear Equations in More than Two Variables. The Algebra of Matrices. The Inverse of a Matrix. Determinants. Properties of Determinants. Partial Fractions. 10. SEQUENCES, SERIES AND PROBABILITY. Infinite Sequences and Summation Notation. Arithmetic Sequences. Geometric Sequences. Mathematical Induction. The Binomial Theorem. Permutations. Distinguishable Permutations and Combinations. Probability. 11. TOPICS FROM ANALYTIC GEOMETRY. Parabolas. Ellipses. Hyperbolas. Plane Curves and Parametric Equations. Polar Coordinates. Polar Equations of Conics. Appendix I: Common Graphs and Their Equations. Appendix II: A Summary of Graph Transformations. Appendix III: Graphs of the Trigonometric Functions and Their Inverses. Appendix IV: Values of the Trigonometric Functions of Special Angles on a Unit Circle.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Right Triangle Trigonometry 1 2 Trigonometric Functions 68 3 Radian Measure and the Unit Circle Approach 118 4 Graphing Trigonometric Functions 165 5 Trigonometric Identities 237 6 Solving Trigonometric Equations 293 7 Applications of Trigonometry: Triangles and Vectors 341 8 Complex Numbers, Polar Coordinates, and Parametric Equations 405 Appendix A 467 Appendix B 585 Appendix C 654 Answers To Odd-Numbered Exercises 658 Application Index 692 Subject Index 695

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Book SynopsisMarge Lial (late) was always interested in math; it was her favorite subject in the first grade! Marge's intense desire to educate both her students and herself has inspired the writing of numerous best-selling textbooks. Marge, who received Bachelor's and Master's degrees from California State University at Sacramento, was affiliated with American River College. An avid reader and traveler, her travel experiences often found their way into her books as applications, exercise sets, and feature sets. Her interest in archeology led to trips to various digs and ruin sites, producing some fascinating problems for her textbooks involving such topics as the building of Mayan pyramids and the acoustics of ancient ball courts in the Yucatan. When John Hornsby enrolled as an undergraduate at Louisiana State University, he was uncertain whether he wanted to study mathematics education or journalism. His ultimate decision was to become a teacher, but afTable of ContentsR. Review of Basic Concepts R.1. Fractions, Decimals, and Percents R.2. Sets and Real Numbers R.3. Real Number Operations and Properties R.4. Integer and Rational Exponents R.5. Polynomials R.6. Factoring Polynomials R.7. Rational Expressions R.8. Radical Expressions 1. Equations and Inequalities 1.1. Linear Equations 1.2. Applications and Modeling with Linear Equations 1.3. Complex Numbers 1.4. Quadratic Equations 1.5. Applications and Modeling with Quadratic Equations 1.6. Other Types of Equations and Applications 1.7. Inequalities 1.8. Absolute Value Equations and Inequalities 2. Graphs and Functions 2.1. Rectangular Coordinates and Graphs 2.2. Circles 2.3. Functions 2.4. Linear Functions 2.5. Equations of Lines and Linear Models 2.6. Graphs of Basic Functions 2.7. Graphing Techniques 2.8. Function Operations and Composition 3. Polynomial and Rational Functions 3.1. Quadratic Functions and Models 3.2. Synthetic Division 3.3. Zeros of Polynomial Functions 3.4. Polynomial Functions: Graphs, Applications, and Models 3.5. Rational Functions: Graphs, Applications, and Models 3.6. Polynomial and Rational Inequalities 3.7. Variation 4. Inverse, Exponential, and Logarithmic Functions 4.1. Inverse Functions 4.2. Exponential Functions 4.3. Logarithmic Functions 4.4. Evaluating Logarithms and the Change-of-Base Theorem 4.5. Exponential and Logarithmic Equations 4.6. Applications of Models of Exponential Growth and Decay 5. Trigonometric Functions 5.1. Angles 5.2. Trigonometric Functions 5.3. Trigonometric Function Values and Angle Measures 5.4. Solutions and Applications of Right Triangles 6. The Circular Functions and Their Graphs 6.1. Radian Measure 6.2. The Unit Circle and Circular Functions 6.3. Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions 6.4. Translations of the Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions 6.5. Graphs of the Tangent and Cotangent Functions 6.6. Graphs of the Secant and Cosecant Functions 6.7. Harmonic Motion 7. Trigonometric Identities and Equations 7.1. Fundamental Identities 7.2. Verifying Trigonometric Identities 7.3. Sum and Difference Identities 7.4. Double-Angle and Half-Angle Identities 7.5. Inverse Circular Functions 7.6. Trigonometric Equations 7.7. Equations Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions 8. Applications of Trigonometry 8.1. The Law of Sines 8.2. The Law of Cosines 8.3. Geometrically Defined Vectors and Applications 8.4. Algebraically Defined Vectors and the Dot Product 8.5. Trigonometric (Polar) Form of Complex Numbers; Products and Quotients 8.6. De Moivre's Theorem; Powers and Roots of Complex Numbers 8.7. Polar Equations and Graphs 8.8. Parametric Equations, Graphs, and Applications 9. Systems and Matrices 9.1. Systems of Linear Equations 9.2. Matrix Solution of Linear Systems 9.3. Determinant Solution of Linear Systems 9.4. Partial Fractions 9.5. Nonlinear Systems of Equations 9.6. Systems of Inequalities and Linear Programming 9.7. Properties of Matrices 9.8. Matrix Inverses 10. Analytic Geometry 10.1. Parabolas 10.2. Ellipses 10.3. Hyperbolas 10.4. Summary of the Conic Sections 11. Further Topics in Algebra 11.1. Sequences and Series 11.2. Arithmetic Sequences and Series 11.3. Geometric Sequences and Series 11.4. The Binomial Theorem 11.5. Mathematical Induction 11.6. Basics of Probability Appendix A Polar Form of Conic Sections Appendix B Rotation of Axes Appendix C Geometry Formulas

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Book SynopsisGain a solid understanding of the principles of trigonometry and how these concepts apply to real life with McKeague/Turner's TRIGONOMETRY. The book presents contemporary concepts in brief, manageable sections using current, detailed examples and interesting applications. Captivating illustrations such as cycling, the Ferris wheel, and the human cannonball show trigonometry in action. Unique Historical Vignettes offer a fascinating glimpse at how many of the central ideas in trigonometry began. The text is easy to read, and important theorems and definitions are boxed so they can be quickly identified for study purposes.Table of Contents1. THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS. Angles, Degrees, and Special Triangles.The Rectangular Coordinate System. Definition I: Trigonometric Functions. Introduction to Identities. More on Identities. 2. RIGHT TRIANGLE TRIGONOMETRY. Definition II: Right Triangle Trigonometry. Calculators and Trigonometric Functions of an Acute Angle. Solving Right Triangles. Applications. Vectors: A Geometric Approach. 3. RADIAN MEASURE. Reference Angle. Radians and Degrees. Definition III: Circular Functions. Arc Length and Area of a Sector. Velocities. 4. GRAPHING AND INVERSE FUNCTIONS. Basic Graphs. Amplitude, Reflection, and Period. Vertical and Horizontal Translations. The Other Trigonometric Functions. Finding an Equation From its Graph. Graphing Combinations of Functions. Inverse Trigonometric Functions. 5. IDENTITIES AND FORMULAS. Proving Identities. Sum and Difference Formulas. Double-Angle Formulas. Half-Angle Formulas. Additional Identities. 6. EQUATIONS. Solving Trigonometric Equations. More on Trigonometric Equations. Trigonometric Equations Involving Multiple Angles. Parametric Equations and Further Graphing. 7. TRIANGLES. The Law of Sines. The Law of Cosines. The Ambiguous Case. The Area of a Triangle. Vectors: An Algebraic Approach. Vectors: The Dot Product. 8. COMPLEX NUMBERS AND POLAR COORDINATES. Complex Numbers. Trigonometric Form for Complex Numbers. Products and Quotients in Trigonometric Form. Roots of a Complex Number. Polar Coordinates. Equations in Polar Coordinates and Their Graphs. APPENDIX A REVIEW OF TOPICS. A.1 Review of Algebra. A.2 Review of Geometry. A.3 Introduction to Functions. A.4 The Inverse of a Function. Answers to Selected Exercises. Index.

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Book SynopsisStrengthen your trigonometry skills and grades with this powerful and simple tool for reviewing and referencing the most important core concepts. Quickly find that answer you need in 6 laminated pages rather than flipping through a large book. Used in the fields of engineering, medical imaging, geography, land surveying, and video game development, to name a few, you may find that trigonometry is here to stay in your career life. Keep this tool by your side and through it all for that extra memory jolt when you need it. Suggested uses: Quick Reference -- instead of digging into a large book to find a core answer you need while studying, use the guide to reinforce quickly and repeatedly; Memory -- refreshing your memory repeatedly is a foundation of studying, have the core labs handy so you can focus on the larger picture.

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Book Synopsis Trigonometry: A Complete Introduction is the most comprehensive yet easy-to-use introduction to Trigonometry. Written by a leading expert, this book will help you if you are studying for an important exam or essay, or if you simply want to improve your knowledge. The book covers all areas of trigonometry including the theory and equations of tangent, sine and cosine, using trigonometry in three dimensions and for angles for any magnitude, related to triangles. Everything you will need is here in this one book. Each chapter includes not only an explanation of the knowledge and skills you need, but also worked examples and test questions.

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Book SynopsisTrigonometry is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between angles and sides of triangles. It involves sine, cosine, and tangent concepts, which calculate angles and sides in various scenarios. Trigonometry has applications in fields such as physics, engineering, and architecture, where understanding the relationships between angles and sides is important. It is a fundamental topic in mathematics and is often studied in high school and college. Overall, trigonometry is crucial in solving problems involving triangles and is used extensively in practical applications. This book Trigonometry Basics: Solving Triangles and Trigonometric Functions is divided in to 8 chapters each delving into specific aspects of this mathematical discipline, from foundational concepts to advanced applications.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction to Trigonometry Chapter 2 The Tangent Chapter 3 Sine and Cosine Chapter 4 Identities and FormulasChapter 5 Triangles Chapter 6 3D Trigonometry and Angles Chapter 7 Trigonometric Functions and Graphs Chapter 8 Trigonometry and Technology

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Book SynopsisAn open textbook covering pre-calculus including trigonometry. The first portion of the book is an investigation of functions, exploring the graphical behavior of, interpretation of, and solutions to problems involving linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions. The second portion of the book introduces trigonometry. Trig is introduced through an integrated circle/triangle approach. Identities are introduced in the first chapter, and revisited throughout. Likewise, solving is introduced in the second chapter and revisited more extensively in the third chapter. An emphasis is placed on modeling and interpretation, as well as the important characteristics needed in calculus.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, trigonometry is presented mainly through the solution of specific problems. The problems are meant to help the reader consolidate their knowledge of the subject. In addition, they serve to motivate and provide context for the concepts, definitions, and results as they are presented. In this way, it enables a more active mastery of the subject, directly linking the results of the theory with their applications. Some historical notes are also embedded in selected chapters.The problems in the book are selected from a variety of disciplines, such as physics, medicine, architecture, and so on. They include solving triangles, trigonometric equations, and their applications. Taken together, the problems cover the entirety of material contained in a standard trigonometry course which is studied in high school and college.We have also added some interesting, in our opinion, entertainment problems. To solve them, no special knowledge is required. While they are not directly related to the subject of the book, they reflect its spirit and contribute to a more lighthearted reading of the material.

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