Petroleum, oil and gas industries Books

Book SynopsisWith the rise of coal power, the producers who oversaw its development acquired the ability to shut down energy systems, a threat they used to build the first mass democracies. Oil offered the West an alternative, and with it came a new form of politics. Oil created a denatured political life the central object of which-the economy-appeared capable of infinite growth. What followed was a Western democracy dependent on an undemocratic Middle East. We now live with the consequences: an impoverished political practice, incapable of addressing the crises that threaten to end the age of carbon democracy - namely, the disappearance of cheap energy and the carbon-fuelled collapse of the ecological order.For the updated edition of this classic title, Timothy Mitchell has written a new preface, reassessing its arguments in the light of recent political events.Trade ReviewA challenging, sophisticated, and important book that undermines expectations in the best kind of intellectual provocation. * Foreign Policy *It's a book that tackles a really big subject, in a sweeping but readable fashion, and after reading it, it's hard to imagine thinking about political power the same way again ... This book utterly blew me away. -- Matt Stoller * Naked Capitalism *Timothy Mitchell's Carbon Democracy examines the simultaneous rise of fossil-fuelled capitalism and mass democracy and asks very intelligent questions about the fate of democracy when oil production declines. -- Benjamin Kunkel * New Statesman *A brilliant, revisionist argument that places oil companies at the heart of 20th century history - and of the political and environmental crises we now face...If we're ever to curb such behaviour, and to regain some comprehension of our planet's preciousness, we need first to understand how it came about. Not a book for the season of indulgence, this one. But one that demands to be widely shared. -- Susanna Rustin * Guardian *Carbon Democracy is a sweeping overview of the relationship between fossil fuels and political institutions from the industrial revolution to the Arab Spring, which adds layers of depth and complexity to the accounts of how resource wealth and economic development are linked. * Financial Times *This study of the basis of modern democracy over the past century connects oil-producing states of the Middle East with industrial democracies of the West. Mitchell argues that carbon democracy in the West has been based on the assumption that unlimited oil will produce endless economic growth, and he concludes that this model cannot survive the exhaustion of these fuels and associated climate change. Tim Mitchell has written a remarkable book that deserves a wide audience. -- Mahmood Mamdani, author of Good Muslim, Bad MuslimA remarkable account of the politics of oil and nation building in the Middle East. * The Herald *An insightful historical account of how changes in energy production have expanded and restricted possibilities for democratic governance. Mitchell's provocative approach is a critical intervention into the study of the politics of energy. Recommended. * Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries *

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Book Synopsis“An academic career was in front of me, but I sampled the oil and gas industry and stayed. Thirty years later I became CEO of an international company based in Greece.” Michael Earle’s story is full of exploration and adventure from beginning to end. He witnessed the aftermath of the fall of communism in Eastern Europe and felt the threat of nuclear war between Pakistan and India; in the Sahara Desert he crossed a minefield in the war zone between Libya and Chad, and he was attacked by gigantic hornets in the spectacular mountains of Papua New Guinea - all in the line of duty. Extensive international travel came with the territory, and the narrative contains interesting portraits of many countries, and insights into the pros and cons of expatriate life. Finally, I am CEO recounts the hard lessons learned at each stage of a tortuous path through corporate life, and how passion for work and the need to support a family strained marriages and determined career choices.

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Book Synopsis'Gripping' Economist 'Jaw-dropping' Sunday Times 'Riveting' Financial Times 'Fascinating' ReutersWe are entering an age of energy crises and food shortages. This book reveals why.Meet the swashbuckling traders who supply the world with energy, food and metal.Their goal: To make billions by buying and selling raw materials - flogging Russian gas to Europe, Saudi oil to America and Congolese metals to Silicon Valley.Their methods: Whatever it takes - whether funnelling cash to Vladimir Putin's sanction-stricken Kremlin, schmoozing Russian metal oligarchs after the collapse of the Soviet Union, or striking deals with the Libyan rebels at the height of the Arab Spring.These are the commodity traders. You've probably never heard of them. But, like it or not, you're one of their customers.*Financial Times and Economist Book of the Year**Shortlisted for the Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award* 'Shows how much money and global influence is concentrated in the hands of a tiny group . . . Remarkable . . . As the authors roam from oilfield to wheatfield, they reveal information so staggering you almost gasp' Sunday Times 'A globe-spanning corporate thriller, full of intrigue and double dealing . . . Changes how we see the world, often in horrifying ways' Spectator 'A rich archive of ripping yarns . . . The high level narrative is gripping enough. But it is the details of what these freewheeling companies actually got up to that give the book a thriller-like quality' Financial Times 'Some of the stories could be straight out of John le Carré. The difference is they're true' Andrew NeilTrade ReviewThis jaw-dropping study shows how much money and global influence is concentrated in the hands of a tiny group . . . A remarkable book . . . As the authors roam from oilfield to wheatfield, they reveal information so staggering you almost gasp . . . The colour is fantastic . . . Tracking down some of the biggest names in the business to their German castles and stud farms and persuading them to talk is a rare scoop. * Sunday Times *A fascinating and revealing story . . . There are tales in the book of breathtaking trades, such as shipments of rebel oil from war-torn Libya or deals bartered amid the brutal "aluminium wars" in the Russia of the 1990s . . . A gripping book. * Economist *Javier Blas and Jack Farchy probe the hard-knuckle and secretive world of commodity trading. -- What to Read in 2021 * Financial Times *A globe-spanning corporate thriller, full of intrigue and double dealing . . . Changes how we see the world, often in horrifying ways . . . The book weaves together years of reporting experience in the field with access to many of the key figures in an industry dominated by huge characters . . . New insights and reporting mean that even seasoned observers will be amazed. -- James Ball * Spectator *Anecdotally rich . . . A highly readable study in world economics and a valuable primer for would-be oil barons. * Kirkus *Blas and Farchy compellingly lay out how a handful of secretive traders have had a hand in directing not only the world's commodities, but also its politics and history. The World for Sale draws back the covers on a sector where civil wars, dubious regimes and the collapse of states have often been just another business opportunity - and what that has meant for the rest of us. Intriguing and, at times, alarming. -- Helen Thomas, Business Editor, BBC NewsnightA colorful and alarming exposé of the shadowy world of global commodity trading . . . Hair-raising anecdotes . . . An engrossing look at an obscure yet consequential corner of the financial world. * Publishers Weekly *A virtuoso depiction of the globe's top oil, food and metals traders . . . Javier Blas and Jack Farchy should be awaiting the call from Hollywood. The World for Sale contains at least half a dozen narrative threads that would form the basis of a good thriller. But the authors' main achievement is to subject the biggest commodity players, and their impact on the real world, to proper critical scrutiny . . . The depth of the reporting by the Bloomberg journalists, who previously worked for the Financial Times, is impressive . . . Fascinating. * Reuters *Some of the stories beggar belief . . . A fascinating story, it's just incredible some of the routes that the money takes. -- Lawrence Pollard * BBC Newsday *Could there be a better moment for Javier Blas and Jack Farchy's rollicking new account of those markets' recent history to land on investors' desks? . . . A rich archive of ripping yarns . . . . . . The high level narrative is gripping enough. But it is the details of what these freewheeling companies actually got up to that give the book a thriller-like quality . . . Educational and entertaining. * Financial Times *If you have the slightest interest in how the modern world was made, by whom, at what price, and at what profit, this is the book for you . . . Superbly researched and tidily written . . . A clean, compelling chronicle of the central role that commodity traders have played in the global economy from the end of World War II to the present. What they found isn't pretty - but it's plenty illuminating. * Foreign Policy *Some of the stories could be straight out of John Le Carré. The difference is they're true . . . A fascinating tale . . . A great read about very important topics. It's well worth your time. -- Andrew NeilA fantastic book about the world of commodity trading. -- Stephanie Flanders * Bloomberg Stephanomics *A fascinating, sometimes hair-raising new book . . . A book which on the one hand tells us some really important things about the nature of money, power and the nature of the modern economy, but on the other is just full of some of the most fascinating stories. -- Matthew Taylor * RSA Bridges to the Future *The captivating stories of the powerful commodity traders and mystery actors of markets and geopolitics -- Roula Khalaf, FT Editor-in-Chief - Summer Books 2021 * Financial Times *The blistering tale of a clutch of hard-charging international commodity trading houses such as Cargill and Glencore. The authors, both former FT journalists, trace how they harnessed the commodity boom and the setbacks they now face as climate change casts a shadow over their business model. -- Andrew Hill, FT & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award Longlist * Financial Times *A very impressive profile of an industry that has long preferred to avoid the spotlight . . . The authors deftly weave stories of the individual traders and their trades with an account of the major shifts in the global economy of the past 70 years . . . Extensively researched and well written throughout . . . I would not hesitate to recommend this book. -- International AffairsA thriller . . . An engaging story of secret deals and embargo-evasion. * Forbes *An entertaining history of the rise of the international trading houses and the charismatic, freewheeling risk-takers who headed them. -- Books of the Year * Financial Times *The story of how a few commodity-trading firms quietly reconfigured the world economy, making fortunes, juggling embargoes and swaying geopolitics. -- Books of the Year * Economist *

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Book Synopsis**THE NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER**A ground-breaking investigation into the oil and gas industry, international corruption and world politics. Oil. Corrupt? Yes. Unimaginably lucrative? Of course. But, the enemy of democracy? Blowout is the oil and gas industry as we've never seen it before, as told by America's most incisive political journalist, Rachel Maddow. A blackly comic journey from Washington to Siberia, to deep within the earth's crust and the icy Arctic seas, it reveals not just the greed and incompetence of Big Oil and Gas but why the Russian government hacked the 2016 U.S. election. This is our final wake-up call: to stop subsidizing oil and gas, to fight for transparency, and to check the influence of the world's most destructive industry before it destroys our democracy 'Each page in Blowout is a revelation into the depth of corruption and greed that is infused into the international economy' David Lammy, MPTrade ReviewIt takes enormous talent to balance brutal honesty with scorching wit. Rachel Maddow has it in spades; exposing the truth about how the fossil fuel industry threatens our existence both as a democratic people and as an entire species. Each page in Blowout is a revelation into the depth of corruption and greed that is infused into the international economy. We should be grateful that Maddow has found herself on the frontline of resistance -- David Lammy, MPFulminating comes easy to Rachel Maddow. What sets her apart from other serial fulminators is that she does it with facts – and sardonic wit * Washington Post *[Rachel Maddow] may be a popular, progressive news-and-commentary anchor on MSNBC, but it's not to be forgotten that she holds a doctorate in politics from Oxford and seems to devour whole libraries of data before breakfast each day... Expect a tweetstorm as Maddow's indictment of a corrupt industry finds readers - and it deserves many * Kirkus Reviews *Radiates zing, intelligence, and black humour. Much like its author * In Style *All fans of Maddow, and even her detractors, will learn something new from this highly readable yet impressively detailed book. Anyone interested in the covert deals that change the nature of the global environmental and political landscape will devour. A must-have for all collections * Library Journal *Blowout is a compelling read, fuelled by righteous anger and anecdotes that would be utterly unbelievable were they not documented -- Kieran Pender * Literary Review *

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Book SynopsisThe availability of low-cost energy from fossil fuels – in particular oil – has been the driving force behind postwar global economic growth, such that the petroleum industry has some of the world’s largest companies. This book examines the economics of the oil and gas industry, from exploration, development and production, to transportation, refining and marketing. At each stage of the value chain, the key economic costs and considerations are presented in order to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the workings of the industry. The book examines some of the unique economic challenges the industry faces, including negotiating international contracts with host countries (to gain access to hydrocarbons), managing the risks of recovery, implementing cross-border pipelines, dealing with huge variations in the taxation of refined products, and reacting to the effect of price control and subsidization in the OPEC nations which can create massive volatility in pricing. The search for low-carbon fuels, the impact of shale gas, the prospect of finite reserves, and the global political realities of the competing demands of oil-importing and oil-exporting countries are shown to make the sector high risk, but the economic rewards can be huge.Trade ReviewThis is a timely and necessary addition to the introductory literature on oil and gas economics suitable for a broad range of undergraduates. It is not mathematically demanding, so students of the social sciences and many other disciplines will find it easy to understand, and engineers can find much useful information about the industry and its markets. -- Rögnvaldur Hannesson, Professor Emeritus of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, BergenTable of Contents1. Introduction2. Exploration, Development and Production3. Licensing and Fiscal Issues4. Petroleum Transportation5. Refining and Marketing6. Natural Gas7. Oil Prices8. Conclusion

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewFascinating revelations ... Fisher has performed a notable service. -- Max Hastings * Sunday Times *Impressively weighty history ... a wonderfully detailed and colourful book. -- Steven Poole * Daily Telegraph *Fisher is a diligent and thoughtful guide ... deeply researched and rich in detail ... a valuable contribution to deepening [our] understanding. -- Ed Crooks * Financial Times *A compelling read, crammed with eyewitness accounts, and an immensely valuable guide to a great and terrible industry. * The Economist *Offers a foretaste of almost everything that followed in the later 20th century ... Fisher narrates this hefty history with remarkable restraint. -- Barnaby Crowcroft * Literary Review *Here, at last, is the book I have long been waiting for: an unsparing, comprehensive, and thoroughly documented history of the global oil industry and its pernicious influence on human society and the planet we inhabit... Essential reading. -- Michael KlareA book that offers the reader a clear-eyed analysis of the global history of oil exploration and exploitation ... very deeply researched, wonderfully illuminating, penetrating in its analysis, and written with great verve. It is a gem of a book, a brave book, a book that will become indispensable in this field. -- Douglas Newton, author of THE DARKEST DAYSFisher's extensive research builds upon the foundations of global petroleum histories and then drills deeper to illuminate the intricate contexts of the origins to our oil addiction. A Pipeline Runs Through It is sure to spark some lively debates over the causes and outcomes of petroleum production through the ages. -- Stephen C. Cote, Ph.D., author of OIL AND NATIONImpressively researched and fun to read, A Pipeline Runs Through It provides our deepest understanding yet of oil's early decades, foreshadowing its rise into a vital strategic commodity that determined the fate of nations in the twentieth century. -- John V. Bowlus, Lecturer and Researcher at Kadir Has University, Istanbul

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Book SynopsisThis book covers execution of mega industrial projects especially in oil and gas industries covering engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning and performance testing. It enumerates various tasks and deliverables under each discipline and sub-disciplines to define the detailed scope of work, supplies and services, as per level III of Prima Vera Schedule developed from the contract-based schedule. It gives an overall idea of how a project rolls out from commencement date to initial acceptance and executed practically with total contractorâs scope of work broken down into tasks/activities at level III platform, while highlighting that support for fool proof project execution.Table of ContentsSECTION I PLANNING AND EXECUTION IN LEVEL 3. 1. Management, Control and Administration. 2. HSE, Social and Security. 3. Services and Facilities to Owner. 4. Engineering. 5. Procurement and Supply. 6. Transport, Logistic and Storage. 7. Construction. 8. Pre-Commissioning. 9. Commissioning, Start-up and Performance Test. 10. Temporary Facilities. SECTION II COMMERCIAL ASPECTS. 11. Commencement Date and Effective Dates. 12. Extension of Time. 13. Professionally Handling Large Claims. 14. Prolongation and Disruption Costs. 15. Penalty/Interest for Payment Delays. 16. Force Majeure. 17. Concurrent Delays. 18. Hedging against Currency Fluctuations. 19. Indemnity. 20. Consequential, Indirect Damages. 21. Laws and Regulations. 22. Escalation. 23. Liens. 24. Total Liability. 25. Payment Terms. 26. Planning. 27. Progress Measurement. 28. EOT claim. 29. Interpretation Rules. 30. Change/Variations/Trend Notices. 31. Contract Price below Floor Price and Consequences. 32. Owner’s Delay on Document Approval. 33. Insurances. SECTION III TECHNICAL ASPECTS. 34. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). 35. Consequences of Delayed Rigless Test on Wells (Owner Delays). 36. Strategy for using Non-Spec Feedstock for Commissioning. 37. Gas In and Authority Check points. 38. Value Engineering. 39. Design Defect, Construction Defect and Damages. 40. NDT (Non-Destructive Testing). 41. Destructive Testing. 42. Hydrostatic Leak Test. 43. Heavy Lift Load Sharing for Cranes. SECTION IV GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS, NAMES AND MEANING. APPENDIX. 1. Project Organization. 2. Contract Price Weight Factor. 3. Monthly Status Report Contents. 4. Material Requisition Cycle(MR). 5. FEED Deliverable List. 6. Process Block Flow Diagram. 7. Document Categories. 8. Claims and Liens Release Letter. 9. Prolongation and Disruption Cost: Hudson formula. 10. A typical list of Procedures and Plans. 11. Total Plant Break down into Areas.

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Book SynopsisThis book covers execution of mega industrial projects especially in oil and gas industries covering engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning and performance testing. It enumerates various tasks and deliverables under each discipline and sub-disciplines to define the detailed scope of work, supplies and services, as per level III of Prima Vera Schedule developed from the contract-based schedule. It gives an overall idea of how a project rolls out from commencement date to initial acceptance and executed practically with total contractor's scope of work broken down into tasks/activities at level III platform, while highlighting that support for fool proof project execution.Table of ContentsSECTION I PLANNING AND EXECUTION IN LEVEL 3. 1. Management, Control and Administration. 2. HSE, Social and Security. 3. Services and Facilities to Owner. 4. Engineering. 5. Procurement and Supply. 6. Transport, Logistic and Storage. 7. Construction. 8. Pre-Commissioning. 9. Commissioning, Start-up and Performance Test. 10. Temporary Facilities. SECTION II COMMERCIAL ASPECTS. 11. Commencement Date and Effective Dates. 12. Extension of Time. 13. Professionally Handling Large Claims. 14. Prolongation and Disruption Costs. 15. Penalty/Interest for Payment Delays. 16. Force Majeure. 17. Concurrent Delays. 18. Hedging against Currency Fluctuations. 19. Indemnity. 20. Consequential, Indirect Damages. 21. Laws and Regulations. 22. Escalation. 23. Liens. 24. Total Liability. 25. Payment Terms. 26. Planning. 27. Progress Measurement. 28. EOT claim. 29. Interpretation Rules. 30. Change/Variations/Trend Notices. 31. Contract Price below Floor Price and Consequences. 32. Owner’s Delay on Document Approval. 33. Insurances. SECTION III TECHNICAL ASPECTS. 34. Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). 35. Consequences of Delayed Rigless Test on Wells (Owner Delays). 36. Strategy for using Non-Spec Feedstock for Commissioning. 37. Gas In and Authority Check points. 38. Value Engineering. 39. Design Defect, Construction Defect and Damages. 40. NDT (Non-Destructive Testing). 41. Destructive Testing. 42. Hydrostatic Leak Test. 43. Heavy Lift Load Sharing for Cranes. SECTION IV GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS, NAMES AND MEANING. APPENDIX. 1. Project Organization. 2. Contract Price Weight Factor. 3. Monthly Status Report Contents. 4. Material Requisition Cycle(MR). 5. FEED Deliverable List. 6. Process Block Flow Diagram. 7. Document Categories. 8. Claims and Liens Release Letter. 9. Prolongation and Disruption Cost: Hudson formula. 10. A typical list of Procedures and Plans. 11. Total Plant Break down into Areas.

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Book SynopsisThe day-to-day world of crude oil traders is not usually open to outsiders. Few non-specialists appreciate how oil traders approach the markets, what their backgrounds are and how they make money.This book brings the oil trading world to vivid life by introducing the reader to 40 real-life trades or strategies that were carried out by named market participants. The 40 chapters cover different geographies and different crude oil markets, providing an unparalleled insight into how crude oil traders work and think. Oil trading developed in its current form in the 1980s and the chapters cover these early beginnings through to the present day. The trades have been grouped in sections that relate to the nature of each trade and its broader use as an example of a successful trading style. Sections cover approaches to arbitrage trading; the impact of geopolitics; logistics and storage plays; short-term versus longer term trading; managing new crude oil grades; trading crude oil derivTable of Contents1. Night Flight To Siberia – Colin Bryce 2. A Sweet Deal – Philippe Khoury 3. Where Physical Meets Paper – Kurt Chapman 4. A False Arbitrage – Adi Imsirovic 5. A Russian Arbitrage Strategy – Trym Nordhus 6. Leveraging Local Knowledge – Ralf-Dieter Poth 7. Finding The Global Optimal – Manosh Saha Macro & Micro Trading 8. Calling A Collapse – Eric Rubenstein 9. Learning From Misfortune – Cui Zhenchu 10. Facing A Force Majeure – Anne Devlin 11. Trading The Micro Structure – Sylvia Low 12. Financing Oil Traders – Philippe Cohen 13. Starting From ‘Why Not’ – Alessandro Liberati Spot versus Term Trading 14. Publish And Circulate – Elizabeth Bossley 15. Bringing Indexation to Russia – Elena Lobodina 16. Updating The NOC Model – Juan Carlos Fonnegra 17. Flexibility Of Supply – Mohammed Minkara 18. Turning Weakness Into Strength – Michael Dugdale 19. The Value Of Persistence – Geena Malkani Logistics and Storage Trading 20. Preserving Pipeline Economics – John Krus 21. A U.S. Pipeline Frenzy – Anne Summers 22. Finding Interesting Niches – Michael Hacking 23. Smoothing Logistics – Chris Del Vecchio 24. Trading Floating Storage – Daphne Teo 25. Trading Around Strategic Storage – Justus van der Spuy Trading New Crude Oil Grades 26. Marketing The First Brent – Richard Johnstone 27. Flexibility Plays – Rajaraman Jayaraman 28. Refining The First Norwegian Oil – Bridie Tobin 29. Marketing A New Stream – David Jorbenaze 30. Splitting Basrah – Thomas Andersen 31. Asia’s Shift To Sour – Trading Crude Oil Derivatives – Andrew Dodson 32. WTI Proves Itself – Thomas McMahon 33. From Floor To Screen -- Steve Roberts 34. Bringing Brent Onscreen – Milan Kratka 35. Trading Opaque Markets – Greg Newman 36. Trading As A Calling Card – Gary King 37. A Chart For Success – Trading Crude Oil Options – Kevin McCormack 38. Trading On Behalf Of A Nation – Gerardo Rodríguez 39. The Invention Of Synthetic Storage – Ilia Bouchouev 40. Making A Major Shift – Richard Fullarton

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Book SynopsisA biography of Marion King Hubbert, one of the twentieth century's most influential energy experts, who was dubbed the father of peak oil.Trade Review"... well written, deeply researched and rich in anecdote – Hubbert’s character and his intellectual achievements sing out." -- New Scientist

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Book SynopsisIndonesian and Nigerian politics paralleled each other to a remarkable degree before diverging suddenly when oil money came into play. This book suggests that the explanation for this divergence is found in each country's way of confronting policy reform and developing institutions for economic growth.

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Book SynopsisShows how everything from the rising price of groceries to the subprime mortgage crisis has been exacerbated by the shrinking supply - and growing price - of oil.Trade ReviewOne of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2002 Honorable Mention for the 2001 Award for Best Professional/Scholarly Book in Geography and Earth Science, Association of American Publishers Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes has reached a conclusion with far-reaching consequences for the entire industrialized world... The 100-year reign of King Oil will be over."--Fred Guterl, Newsweek Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes makes a persuasive case... This is an oilman and geologist's assessment of the future, grounded in cold mathematics. And it's frightening."--Paul Raeburn, Scientific American Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes writes with the taut reasoning of a scientist and the passion of someone raised in the industry. His background is ideal for this subject, and the book is a gem... Read Hubbert's Peak--it's better to know what lies ahead than to be surprised too late to respond."--Brian J. Skinner, American Scientist Praise for the previous edition: "A persuasive prophecy. Hubbert's story is important and needs to be told. I suspect that historians in years to come will recognise Hubbert's Peak as a historical turning point."--Tim Burnhill, New Scientist Praise for the previous edition: "A most readable handbook... If [Deffeyes] is right we have, at most, two or three years in which to prepare for yet another price shock, and to accelerate our move away from oil as fuel. The strength of the book lies in its solid background and well-explained basis for that single prediction."--Stuart Young, Nature Praise for the previous edition: "An important new book."--Robert Kuttner, Boston Globe Praise for the previous edition: "[Some] experts ... worry that the global peak in production will come in the next decade... A heavyweight has now joined this gloomy chorus. Kenneth Deffeyes argues in a lively new book that global oil production could peak as soon as 2004."--The Economist Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes, using Hubbert's methodology, shows that the trajectory of world reserves is closely following the pattern of U.S. discovery and depletion, with just a few decades' lag. Drilling deeper, in more remote locations, and with more elaborate technologies won't tap reserves that don't exist... America's energy policy needs to tilt away from oil and in favor of conservation, new technology, and domestic renewables. The time to act is now, before the next wave of gas lines and rationing is upon us."--Robert Kuttner, Business Week Praise for the previous edition: "There are few things as important nowadays as the energy system, and few books on the subject as thought provoking as this one."--J.R. McNeill, Wilson Quarterly Praise for the previous edition: "We have long been told that fossil fuels wouldn't last forever, but Deffeyes hypothesis is still startling: Sometime during the next decade, the supply of oil won't keep up with the demand. Because of its broad impact Hubbert's Peak is a must-read for almost everyone--scientists, policy-makers, environmentalists, people who buy cars."--Ann Wagner, NationalJournal.com Praise for the previous edition: "An ideal freshman reading assignment in any geology course concerned with energy, geological resources, public policy, general science applications in our modern world, or similar topics. All teachers, from high school through graduate level, in all natural sciences, political science, government, business, and engineering courses should read this book and encourage their students to consider its ramifications in their fields."--C. John Mann, Journal of Geoscience Praise for the previous edition: "[A] small and delightfully readable book."--Choice Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes's unsettling message is that, although society has been slow to respond to the Hubbert's Peak forecast of world oil decline, a permanent drop in oil production will nevertheless begin within the next decade. Humanity has a brief period in which to wean itself from crude oil, increase energy conservation, and design alternative energy sources."--Dan Johnson, The Futurist Praise for the previous edition: "I commend this book ... to anyone concerned about the future development of planet Earth."--John Parker, Geoscientist Praise for the previous edition: "This book sends a message loud and clear: World petroleum production is going to peak within this decade, maybe as early as 2005, but no later than 2009 and there is hardly any way of escaping from this truth... The book is accessible, easy to read and informative."--Subhes C. Bhattacharyya, Natural Resources Forum Praise for the previous edition: "In the politics of oil, the left is passionately, sentimentally, tree-huggingly pro-environment, while the right shrugs as it climbs into its official mascot, the biggest sport utility vehicle available... In the slide down Hubbert's Peak, political differences will matter less. If those who planned the Sept. 11 attacks know as much about economics as they do about aeronautics, their next target may be the Saudi Arabian oil fields, on which America, Asia, and Europe are overly dependent."--Martin Nolan, The Boston Globe Praise for the previous edition: "An intelligent, briskly written and refreshingly nontechnical book."--John R. Alden, Baltimore Sun Praise for the previous edition: "This book ... should be read ... by all politicians, by all students, no matter what their discipline, and indeed by anyone concerned about their grandchildren's welfare. Reading Hubbert's Peak is the intellectual equivalent of bungee jumping, being simultaneously exhilarating and terrifying."--R. C. Selley, Geological MagazineTable of ContentsPreface to the 2008 Edition ix Acknowledgments xv CHAPTER 1: Overview 1 CHAPTER 2: The Origin of Oil 14 CHAPTER 3: Oil Reservoirs and Oil Traps 40 CHAPTER 4: Finding It 70 CHAPTER 5: Drilling Methods 88 CHAPTER 6: Size and Discoverability of Oil Fields 113 CHAPTER 7: Hubbert Revisited 133 CHAPTER 8: Rate Plots 150 CHAPTER 9: The Future of Fossil Fuels 159 CHAPTER 10: Alternative Energy Sources 176 CHAPTER 11: A New Outlook 186 Notes 191 Index 205

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Book SynopsisMore serious than global terrorism. More urgent than global warming - the world is running out of oilTrade Review'Strahan's an excellent guide, providing readable, well-explained arguments for putting this subject atop the agenda' * Sue Baker, Publishing News *'People need to get hold of this, read it, pass it on and then do something positive with the valuable knowledge they have gained' * www.powerswitch.org.uk *'This is a well researched and documented book and David Strahan pulls no punches in his analysis of the world's impending energy problems. Not everyone will agree with every word but I commend it as a really good and informative read on a topic that affects us all' * Lord Oxburgh, former Chairman of Shell *'This book can be considered a primer for people who are new to peak oil, but also old hands will find it worth reading for its useful insights' * Ugo Bardi, Energy Bulletin *

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Book SynopsisThe near-annihilation of Europe''s Jews in the Second World War destroyed not only much of their history, but also knowledge of the contributions they made to the regions in which they lived. In The Jewish Oil Magnates of Galicia, Valerie Schatzker rescues the almost-forgotten story of the Jews who became the wildcatters and oil barons in one of the world''s first petroleum industries. Combining a history of Galicia''s petroleum industry with an annotated English translation of Julien Hirszhaut''s Yiddish novel Di yiddishe naftmagnatn (The Jewish Oil Magnates), Schatzker traces the near-century-long boom and bust cycle that took place in the Austro-Hungarian province - from the perilous, back-breaking work of digging for oil by hand, to the introduction of the Canadian drill that increased production. Galician Jews worked in the industry from its beginning to its final days under German occupation. They were pioneers in exploration, refining, and marketing, and in the first part of theTrade Review"As many of the records have been destroyed, it is a considerable achievement even to describe this history. Both the monograph and the novel afford many valuable glimpses into the Jewish life of a vanished era." John-Paul Himka, University of Alberta

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Book SynopsisExamines the battle to develop the oil resources of Alaska''s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.The global consumption of fossil fuels is dramatically rising, while inversely, the supply is in permanent decline. The end of oil threatens the very future of Western civilization. Oil, Globalization, and the War for the Arctic Refuge examines the politics of drilling for oil in Alaska''s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, and presents this controversy as a precursor of future resource wars where ideas and values collide and polarize. The reader is introduced to the primary participants involved: global corporations, politicians, nongovernmental organizations, indigenous peoples and organizations, and human rights/religious organizations. Author David M. Standlea argues in favor of seeing this comparatively local conflict as part of a larger struggle between the proponents of an alternative, positive vision for the future and an American culture presently willing to sacrifice that future for immediate profit.

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Book SynopsisA well-researched and vital study offering a systematic framework to explain the optimal use of exhaustible natural resources, written by a former Minister of Finance in Saudi Arabia, and an authority on the economic development strategy of the country. A critical text for energy economists, policy-makers and diplomats.

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Book SynopsisIn 1984, the oil, chemical and atomic workers began a 5-year campaign to win back the jobs of its members locked out by the BASF Corp. in Geismar, Louisiana. The multiscale campaign involved coalitions with local environmentalists as well as international solidarity from environmental and religious organizations. The local coalition which helped break the lockout was maintained and expanded in the 1990s. This alliance is one of numerous labor-community coalitions to emerge increasingly over the past 20 years.Labor-Environmental Coalitions: Lessons from a Louisiana Petrochemical Region traces the development of the Louisiana Labor-Neighbor Project from 1985 to the present, within the context of a long history of divisions between labor and community in the U.S. The Project continued after the lockout, thriving during 1990s, expanding from one community to four counties to include 20 local member organizations, and broadening its agenda from the original jobs crisis and pollution problemTable of ContentsChapter 1: Labor and Environment: Out of Crisis a Progressive Spark Chapter 2: Building a Theory of Labor-Community CoalitionsChapter 3: Labor-Environmental History: From Collaboration to Division and Back AgainChapter 4: The BASF Lockout and the Origins of the Louisiana Labor-Neighbor Project Chapter 5: The Flow and Ebb of the Louisiana Labor-Neighbor ProjectChapter 6: Building Winning Labor-Community Politics References Index

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Book SynopsisToday, raw data on any industry is widely available. With the help of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), this data can be used to gain meaningful insights. In addition, as data is the new raw material for today's world, AI and ML will be applied in every industrial sector. Industry 4.0 mainly focuses on the automation of things. From that perspective, the oil and gas industry is one of the largest industries in terms of economy and energy.Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in the Petroleum Industry analyzes the use of AI and ML in the oil and gas industry across all three sectors, namely upstream, midstream, and downstream. It covers every aspect of the petroleum industry as related to the application of AI and ML, ranging from exploration, data management, extraction, processing, real-time data analysis, monitoring, cloud-based connectivity system, and conditions analysis, to the final delivery of the proTable of Contents1. A Comprehensive Review of Machine Application in the Oil and Gas Industry 2. AI and ML Application in the Upstream Sector of the Oil and Gas Industry 3. One Step Further in Upstream Sector 4. Midstream Sector with ML Models and Techniques 5. Downstream Sector with Machine Learning 6. Safety and Maintenance with AI and ML 7. Finance with ML and AI 8. Market and Trading in Oil and Gas (Petroleum) Industry 9. Future of Oil and Gas (Petroleum) Industry with AI

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Book SynopsisThe oil and gas industry is a complex sector with significant reach in terms of providing the energy needs of the global economy and the security, environmental and development consequences thereof. In particular, the sector is extremely important for the economic growth of emerging markets and developing countries. Furthermore, the life span of oil and gas resources is finite, with high health and safety risks and substantial environmental costs that require careful management and sustainability practices to ensure optimal extraction and utilisation of these resources. This book examines the challenges and opportunities in the oil and gas industry, in the context of emerging markets and developing economies.It provides comprehensive coverage of the management and sustainability practices of the sector, the environmental impact and sustainability of resources as well as the businesses that operate in the sector across the entire value chain. It addresses the current diTable of ContentsPart I: Overview 1. Introduction to Sustainability Management in the Oil and Gas Industry Part II: Oil and gas management 2. Oil and Gas Storage Management: Evidence from a Developing Country 3. The Business of Oil Refining in Africa 4. Downstream Petroleum Sector in Ghana: Mapping the Key Marketing Issues 5. Oil and Gas Operations, Transportation and Logistics Management 6. Procurement and Supply Chain Management in the Oil and Gas Industry 7. Digital Technology and Innovations in the Oil and Gas Industry 8. Oil and Gas Project Management 9. Human Resource Management Practices in the Oil and Gas Industry 10. Strategic Management in the Oil and Gas Industry 11. Corporate Governance in the Oil and Gas Sector 12. Implementing Total Quality Management in the Oil and Gas Industry 13. Performance Management in the Oil and Gas Industry Part III: Sustainability Management in the Oil and Gas Industry 14. Occupational Health and Safety Management in the Oil and Gas Industry 15. Corporate Social Responsibility of Multinational Corporations in the Oil and Gas Sector 16. Environmental and Sustainability Management in the Oil and Gas Industry 17. Natural Gas and Liquified Natural Gas Resource Management 18. Petrochemical Resource Management 19. The Role of Oil and Gas in Sustainable Development in the Global South 20. The Future of the Oil and Gas Industry in Emerging and Developing Countries

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Book SynopsisThis book covers aspects of data science and predictive analytics used in the oil and gas industry by looking into the challenges of data processing and data modelling unique to this industry. It includes upstream management, intelligent/digital wells, value chain integration, crude basket forecasting, and so forth. It further discusses theoretical, methodological, well-established, and validated empirical work dealing with various related topics. Special focus has been given to experimental topics with various case studies.Features: Provides an understanding of the basics of IT technologies applied in the oil and gas sector Includes deep comparison between different artificial intelligence techniques Analyzes different simulators in the oil and gas sector as well as discussion of AI applications Focuses on in-depth experimental and applied topics Details different case studies for upstream and downstream This book Table of Contents1. Understanding the Oil & Gas Sector and its Processes: Upstream and Downstream 2. IT technologies Impacting the Petroleum Sector 3. Data Handling Techniques in Petroleum Sector 4. Predictive Modelling Concepts in Petroleum Sector 5. Supply Chain Management in Oil and Gas Business 6. Prescriptive Analytics and its Application in Oil and Gas Business 7. Future Challenges in Petroleum Sector 8. Oil & Gas Industry in context of Industry 4.0

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Book SynopsisTrade Review‘Frank Gunter has written an outstanding book covering the full spectrum of Iraq’s political economy with sufficiently detailed descriptions and analysis to allow for sound policy recommendations. Much has changed, and not all for the best, since the first edition, but Frank continues to provide the same unique perspective, that of an expert who combines theory with actual on-the-ground in Iraq experience, that is sorely needed for understanding Iraq’s political economy.’ -- Ahmed Tabaqchali, AFC Iraq Fund and The American University of Iraq-Sulaimani, Iraq‘Frank Gunter provides an excellent guide to the fundamentals of Iraqi political economy, assessing the principal barriers to political and economic progress, and offering solid recommendations for overcoming those obstacles. It is both comprehensive and comprehensible and, in those two regards, probably has no rival in the field.’ -- Alan Luxenberg, Former President of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, US'This most thoughtful treatise is another example of Frank Gunter's intellectual discipline and fine analytical mind, writing on Iraq, a country he has studied for many years. He combines objective and informed narrative with a comprehensive understanding of the challenges facing the country, but underlying the whole work is a care and concern for the future wellbeing of the country, one which he and I both respect and honour.' -- Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, President, The Iraq Britain Business Council, UK'Frank Gunter has written the definitive account in English of the contemporary Iraqi economy... Following a brief history and overview, chapters cover social indicators, corruption, macroeconomic policy, state-owned enterprises, entrepreneurship, oil agriculture, banks, infrastructure, and international trade. The scope of overage and degree of detail is matched by clear exposition and thoughtful analysis... While his optimism about and affection for Iraq is obvious, he is refreshingly blunt about the systemic problems often downplayed in reports from international organizations…Essential.' -- Review of first edition in Choice MagazineTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Iraq’s lost decades 2. Population and key macroeconomic variables 3. Health, poverty, education, and gender issues 4. Corruption 5. Preventing al Qaeda 3.0 6. Domestic and international politics 7. Oil and gas 8. Agriculture and the environment 9. Financial intermediation 10. Large industrial enterprises 11. Entrepreneurship in post-conflict Iraq 12. Infrastructure and essential services 13. International trade and finance 14. Fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies 15. Iraq in 2035 Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisResistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, demonstrating how to measure, model and interpret data in both the laboratory and the field. Marking the 100 year anniversary of the seminal work of Conrad Schlumberger (1920), the book covers historical development of electrical geophysics, electrical properties of geological materials, instrumentation, acquisition and modelling, and includes case studies that capture applications to societally relevant problems. The book is also supported by a full suite of forward and inverse modelling tools, allowing the reader to apply the techniques to a wide range of applications using digital datasets provided online. This is a valuable reference for grTrade Review'Binley and Slater are two of the best electrical geophysicists in the world, and together have written a comprehensive, accessible textbook for anyone interested in electrical methods. By including a history of the methods, open-source software, and sections on theory, instrumentation, forward and inverse modelling, and applications, they've produced a 'one-stop shop' for all things electrical. This book starts with a primer on the most fundamental mathematics and builds up from there to topics outlining the state of the science, including helpful figures and sidebar information along the way. I strongly recommend this book to any student or practitioner interested in learning more about how to apply electrical geophysical techniques to shallow-Earth problems, and look forward to sharing it with my research students.' Kamini Singha, Colorado School of Mines'This is without doubt the most comprehensive and thorough treatment of electrical geophysics anywhere in the literature. It is a brilliantly written book, covering theory and practice, with numerous real-world examples of the use of resistivity and induced polarization. It will certainly be first on my recommended reading list for students, researchers and practitioners working in the field of geoelectrics and near-surface geophysics.' Jonathan Chambers, British Geological Survey'Andrew Binley and Lee Slater, two experienced scientists in the field of near-surface geophysics, have compiled a modern textbook that describes the development and the state of the art of resistivity and IP technology. The book provides deep insight into the theoretical fundamentals, and presents the breadth of application of these geophysical methods. Considering the wealth of information and the clearly arranged presentation, the textbook will be useful both for academic education and as a reference work for researchers and practitioners. This book will certainly inspire further research work and practical application of resistivity and IP methods.' Andreas Weller, Technische Universität ClausthalTable of ContentsPreface; Acknowledgements; List of symbols; 1. Introduction; 2. Electrical properties of the near surface Earth; 3. Instrumentation and laboratory measurements; 4. Field configuration and acquisition; 5. Forward and inverse modelling; 6. Case studies; 7. Future developments; Appendix A. Modelling tools; Index.

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Book SynopsisAn invaluable reference for graduate students and academic researchers, this book introduces the basic terminology, methods and theory of the physics of flow in porous media. Geometric concepts, such as percolation and fractals, are explained and simple simulations are created, providing readers with both the knowledge and the analytical tools to deal with real experiments. It covers the basic hydrodynamics of porous media and how complexity emerges from it, as well as establishing key connections between hydrodynamics and statistical physics. Covering current concepts and their uses, this book is of interest to applied physicists and computational/theoretical Earth scientists and engineers seeking a rigorous theoretical treatment of this topic. Physics of Flow in Porous Media fills a gap in the literature by providing a physics-based approach to a field that is mostly dominated by engineering approaches.Table of Contents1 Introduction; 2. Geometry of Porous Media; 3. Fractals; 4. Percolation; 5. Laminar Flow in Channels and Tubes; 6. The Hydrodynamic Equations; 7. The Darcey Law; 8. Dispersion; 9. Capillary Action; 10. The Hele-Shaw Cell and Linear Stability Analysis; 11. Displacement Patterns in Porous Media; 12. Continuum Descriptions of Multi-phase Flow; 13. Particle Stimulations of Multiphase Flows; Appendix A; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisA thorough introduction to environmental monitoring in the oil and gas industry Analytical Techniques in the Oil and Gas Industry for Environmental Monitoring examines the analytical side of the oil and gas industry as it also provides an overall introduction to the industry. You'll discover how oil and natural gas are sourced, refined, and processed.You can learn about what's produced from oil and natural gas, and why evaluating these sourced resources is important. The book discusses the conventional analyses for oil and natural gas feeds, along with their limitations. It offers detailed descriptions of advanced analytical techniques that are commercially available, plus explanations of gas and oil industry equipment and instrumentation. You'll find technique descriptions supplemented with a list of references as well as with real-life application examples. With this book as a reference, you can prepare to apply specific analytical methods in your organization's lab environment. ATable of ContentsPart I Scope 1 1 Introduction 3Melissa N. Dunkle and William L. Winniford 1.1 Introduction 3 1.1.1 Petroleum Cycle 3 1.1.2 Well-Known Cases of Environmental Contamination 4 1.1.2.1 Oil-Drilling Rig Deepwater Horizon 4 1.1.2.2 Sanchi Oil Tanker Collision 6 1.1.3 Summary 6 1.2 Petroleum 7 1.3 Analytics 9 1.4 Reservoir Tracers 12 1.5 Emissions from the Petroleum Industry 12 1.6 Environmental Analysis and Monitoring 14 1.7 Conclusions 17 References 17 Part II Introduction to the Petroleum Industry 21 2 Petroleum: From Wells to Wheels 23Clifford C. Walters, Steven W. Levine, and Frank C. Wang 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Petroleum in the Ancient World 23 2.3 The Petroleum System 28 2.3.1 Source Rocks 28 2.3.2 Generation of Petroleum 34 2.3.3 Migration and Accumulation 35 2.4 The Upstream 37 2.4.1 Exploration 37 2.4.1.1 Play and Prospect Evaluation 38 2.4.1.2 Predicting Petroleum Quantity and Quality 43 2.4.2 Drilling 45 2.4.2.1 Development of Drilling Technology 46 2.4.2.2 Modern Drilling Practices 49 2.4.2.3 Well Logging 52 2.4.2.4 Development 57 2.4.3 Production 58 2.4.3.1 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Production 58 2.4.3.2 Surface Oil Sands 61 2.4.3.3 Unconventional Resources 61 2.4.3.4 Plug and Abandonment 66 2.5 Mid-Stream 67 2.5.1 Transportation 67 2.5.2 Storage 70 2.6 Downstream 72 2.6.1 Evolution of Modern Refining 72 2.6.2 Modern Refinery Processes 73 2.6.2.1 Crude Oil Pretreatment 75 2.6.2.2 Separation 75 2.6.2.3 Conversion 81 2.6.2.4 Purification 95 2.6.2.5 Sweetening and Treating 100 2.6.3 Fuel Products 102 2.6.3.1 Mogas (Motor Gasoline) 103 2.6.3.2 Diesel 104 2.6.3.3 Jet Fuels/Kerosene 106 2.6.3.4 Fuel Oil 106 2.6.3.5 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 107 2.7 Petrochemicals 107 2.7.1 Olefins: Prime and Higher Olefins 107 2.7.2 Aromatics 109 2.7.3 Lubes 109 2.7.4 Other Products 110 2.8 The Future of Petroleum 110 References 112 Part III Analytical Techniques Utilized in the Petroleum Industry 121 3 Petroleum Analysis Through Conventional Analytical Techniques 123Melissa N. Dunkle and William L. Winniford 3.1 Introduction to Petroleum Analysis 123 3.2 Brief History on Petroleum Analysis 123 3.2.1 How Petroleum Analysis Influenced Developments in Gas Chromatography 124 3.2.1.1 Detector Technology 125 3.2.1.2 Column Technology 132 3.3 Conventional Analysis of Petroleum 135 3.3.1 Distillation 136 3.3.2 PIONA Analyzer 137 3.3.3 Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis 138 3.3.4 GC-MS Analysis for Unknown and Biomarker Identification 139 3.3.4.1 Diamondoids 140 3.3.4.2 Naphthenic Acids 141 3.3.4.3 Biomarkers 142 3.3.5 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and Their Environmental Impact 145 3.3.6 Tar Analysis 146 3.3.7 Analysis of Heteroatoms and Heavy Metals 149 3.3.7.1 Heteroatoms 149 3.3.7.2 Heavy Metals 150 3.3.8 Additional Analytical Applications for Petroleum 150 References 150 4 Advanced Analytics for the Evaluation of Oil, Natural Gas, and Shale Oil/Gas 161Emmie Dumont, Pat Sandra, Kyra A. Murrell, Frank L. Dorman, Allegra Leghissa, and Kevin A. Schug 4.1 IRMS in the Oil and Gas Industry 161 4.1.1 IRMS: General 161 4.1.1.1 Introduction 161 4.1.1.2 Isotopic Fingerprint 162 4.1.2 IRMS: The Technique 164 4.1.2.1 Introduction 164 4.1.2.2 Ionization 164 4.1.2.3 Mass Analyzer 164 4.1.2.4 Detection 165 4.1.2.5 Referencing 165 4.1.2.6 Bulk Analysis 165 4.1.3 Compound Specific IRMS 166 4.1.3.1 Introduction 166 4.1.3.2 GC-IRMS 166 4.1.3.3 LC-IRMS 167 4.1.3.4 Two-Dimensional GC-IRMS 168 4.1.4 IRMS Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry 169 4.1.4.1 Introduction 169 4.1.4.2 Oil Fingerprinting 171 4.1.4.3 Air Pollution 172 4.1.4.4 Differentiating Oil Derived Products 174 4.1.4.5 Inherent Tracers for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 174 4.1.5 Conclusions Over Utilization of IRMS in the Oil and Gas Industry 176 4.2 Advanced Analytics for the Evaluation of Oil, Natural Gas, and Shale Oil/Gas: Comprehensive GC (GC × GC) 176 4.2.1 Background 176 4.2.2 Basic Principles of GC× GC: Instrumentation 178 4.2.3 Basic Principles of GC× GC: Columns 180 4.2.4 Basic Principles of GC× GC: Modulators 184 4.2.5 Basic Principles of GC× GC: Detectors 186 4.2.6 Basic Principles of GC× GC: Data Processing 187 4.2.7 Petrochemical Applications: Group-Type Analysis 190 4.2.8 Petrochemical Applications: Contaminated Soil and Sediments 193 4.2.9 Petrochemical Applications: Marine Oil Spills 196 4.2.10 Petrochemical Applications: Hydraulic Fracturing 199 4.2.11 Conclusions of Utilizing GC×GC in the Oil and Gas Industry 201 4.3 Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Analysis by Gas Chromatography: Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 202 4.3.1 Introduction to GC-VUV 202 4.3.2 GC-VUV Data Processing 204 4.3.2.1 Time Interval Deconvolution (TID) Algorithm 206 4.3.2.2 Pseudo-absolute Quantitation 208 4.3.3 GC-VUV Applications 210 4.3.4 GC-VUV Conclusions 214 References 215 5 Liquid Chromatography: Applications for the Oil and Gas Industry 225Denice van Herwerden, Bob W. J. Pirok, and Peter J. Schoenmakers 5.1 Introduction 225 5.1.1 Petroleum Industry 225 5.1.2 Introduction to Liquid Chromatography 226 5.2 Group-Type Separations 228 5.2.1 Group-Type Separations of Heavy Distillates 228 5.2.2 Other Group-Type Separations 232 5.3 Molecular-Weight Distribution 233 5.4 Target Analysis 236 5.4.1 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons 236 5.4.2 Naphthenic Acids 240 5.4.3 Phenols 244 5.5 LC as a Pre-separation Technique for GC Analysis 245 5.6 Conclusions 247 References 248 6 Supercritical Fluids in Chromatography: Applications to the Oil and Gas Industry 259Didier Thiébaut and Robert M. Campbell 6.1 Introduction 259 6.2 Basics of SFC 260 6.2.1 Packed Column SFC 262 6.2.1.1 Implementation 262 6.2.1.2 Applications of Packed Column SFC 264 6.2.2 Capillary SFC 265 6.3 Simulated Distillation (SIMDIST) 266 6.3.1 Experimental 267 6.3.2 Results 267 6.4 Group-Type and Related Separations 270 6.4.1 Heavy Samples 271 6.4.2 Additives 272 6.5 Detailed Separations 273 6.5.1 Surfactant and Alkoxylate Polymer Analysis by SFC 273 6.5.1.1 Open Tubular Columns 273 6.5.1.2 Packed Capillary Column SFC of Surfactants 274 6.5.2 Packed Column SFC of Surfactants 275 6.5.2.1 Surfactants by Sub-2 μm Particle Packed Column SFC 276 6.5.2.2 Surfactant Characterization by SFC/MS: Software-Assisted Deconvolution of Co-polymers 280 6.5.2.3 CO2 Cloud Point Pressures of Non-ionic Surfactants by Capillary and Packed Column SFC 280 6.5.2.4 CO2/Water Partition Coefficients by SFC 280 6.5.2.5 SFC of Ionic Surfactants 281 6.5.3 Capillary SFC of Surfactants 281 6.5.3.1 Large Volume Injection in Capillary SFC 281 6.5.3.2 Splitless Injection in Capillary SFC 282 6.5.4 Separations of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) 283 6.5.5 SFC in Multidimensional Separations 285 6.5.5.1 LC× SFC 285 6.5.5.2 Feasibility of SFC× SFC 287 References 288 7 Online and In Situ Measurements for Environmental Applications in Oil and Gas 299Eric Schmidt, J.D. Tate, William L. Winniford, and Melissa N. Dunkle 7.1 Introduction 299 7.2 Characteristics of On-line Analyzers 300 7.2.1 Zone Classification 300 7.2.2 Sampling Systems 301 7.2.3 Detection 302 7.3 Water Analysis 302 7.3.1 General Water Analysis 302 7.3.2 Application: Benzene in Drinking Water 303 7.4 Air Quality and Emissions Monitoring 304 7.4.1 Regulations 305 7.4.1.1 US Air Monitoring 305 7.4.1.2 European Union Air Monitoring 305 7.4.2 Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Emission Monitoring 307 7.5 Sample Conditioning 309 7.6 Well Drilling and Production 309 7.6.1 Well Logging 310 7.6.2 Emissions 312 7.7 Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 312 7.8 Fenceline Monitoring 313 7.9 Pipeline and Fugitive Emission Monitoring with Drones 317 7.10 Types of Continuous Emission Monitors 317 7.10.1 Nondispersive IR (NDIR) 317 7.10.2 UV and Dispersive IR 319 7.10.3 Chemiluminescent NOx/SOx Analyzers 319 7.10.4 TDL Analyzers 320 7.10.5 QCL Analyzers 321 7.11 Portable GCs 321 References 324 Part IV Special Cases and Examples Related to the Petroleum Industry 329 8 Tracers for Oil and Gas Reservoirs 331William L. Winniford and Melissa N. Dunkle 8.1 Introduction 331 8.2 Types of Tracers 334 8.2.1 Radioactive Water Tracers 334 8.2.2 Radioactive Gas Tracers 336 8.2.3 Radioactive Measurement Techniques 336 8.2.4 Example Studies of Radioactive Tracers 338 8.2.5 Chemical Water Tracers 338 8.2.6 Chemical Gas Tracers 339 8.2.7 Naturally Occurring Tracers 340 8.2.7.1 Isotopes 340 8.2.7.2 Biomarkers 341 8.3 Regulations 341 References 343 9 Environmental Impact of Emissions Originating from the Petroleum Industry 347Melissa N. Dunkle and William L. Winniford 9.1 Global Warming 347 9.1.1 Causes of Global Warming 347 9.1.2 Combatting Global Warming 349 9.2 Environmental Impact of Diesel Emissions 350 9.2.1 Diesel Engine 350 9.2.2 Diesel Exhaust 350 9.2.3 Diesel Engine Modifications 351 9.2.4 Diesel Fuel Modifications 354 9.2.4.1 Low Sulfur Diesel 355 9.2.4.2 Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel 355 9.2.4.3 Biodiesel 355 9.2.4.4 Modification of Diesel and Biodiesel with Oxygenates 357 9.2.5 Sulfur Monitoring of Diesel Fuels 358 9.2.6 Monitoring Air Pollution/Haze 359 9.3 Environmental Impact of Fossil Fuel Sourcing and Energy Conversion on Global Warming 360 9.3.1 Coal Mining, Natural Gas Wells, and Methane Release 360 9.3.1.1 Coal Mine Methane 362 9.3.1.2 Natural Gas Methane 363 9.3.2 Fossil Fuel Power Stations 363 9.3.2.1 Coal-Fired Power Station 363 9.3.2.2 Gas-Fired Power Station 364 9.3.3 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Power Stations 364 9.3.3.1 Carbon Dioxide 365 9.3.3.2 Sulfur Dioxide 366 9.3.3.3 Nitrogen Oxides 367 9.3.3.4 Particulate Matter (PM) 367 9.3.3.5 Coal Ash and Heavy Metals 368 9.3.4 Wastewater from Fossil Fuel Power Stations 369 9.3.5 Analysis of Ground Water 371 References 371 Part V Environmental Analysis 379 10 Environmental Analysis of Soil, Water, and Air 381Paige Teehan, Kyra A. Murrell, Romano Jaramillo, A. Paige Wicker, Robert Parette, Kevin A. Schug, and Frank L. Dorman 10.1 Water and Soil Monitoring 381 10.2 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil 382 10.2.1 Introduction 382 10.2.2 Soil as a Matrix 383 10.2.3 Sample Preparation 383 10.2.3.1 Collection and Preservation 384 10.2.3.2 Extraction 384 10.2.3.3 Concentration 384 10.2.3.4 Cleanup 384 10.2.4 Sample Analysis 386 10.3 Volatile Organic Compound Analysis 389 10.3.1 Introduction 389 10.3.2 Methane Monitoring 389 10.3.2.1 Cavity Ring-Down Laser Spectrometry Techniques 390 10.3.2.2 Mobile Platforms for Bottom-Up Analyses 391 10.3.2.3 Aircraft-Based Top-Down Analysis 392 10.3.3 Non-Methane VOC Monitoring 392 10.3.3.1 Air Sampling 392 10.3.3.2 Analysis of Air Samples 393 10.4 Water Analysis 393 10.4.1 Introduction 393 10.4.2 Sample Preparation 395 10.4.3 Sample Analysis 397 10.5 Portable GCs for Field Monitoring 402 10.5.1 Introduction 402 10.5.2 Analyzing Field Samples 403 10.6 Fingerprinting in the Oil and Gas Industry 404 10.6.1 Introduction 404 10.6.2 Hydrocarbon Fingerprinting 405 10.6.3 Additional Texts on Fingerprinting Oil Spills and Petroleum Products 405 References 406 Part VI Future Trends in the Petroleum Industry 417 11 Future Trends 419William L. Winniford and Melissa N. Dunkle 11.1 Introduction 419 11.2 Climate Change 421 11.3 Likely Scenarios 422 11.3.1 Gas Emissions 422 11.3.2 Water Emissions 425 11.3.3 Oil Sands 427 11.3.4 Food Contact – MOSH/MOAH 428 11.3.5 Industry 4.0 and the 4thWave of Environmentalism 428 11.4 Summary 430 References 430 Index 433

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Book SynopsisThe fascinating story of Dorset's oil industry. This is an essential book for those interested in Dorsetâs industrial history.

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Book SynopsisA fascinating history of the excavation of oil in the north sea, written in a lively and accessible style by an expert former master mariner who worked in the fields for over a decade.

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Book SynopsisA series of personal accounts by highly trained helicopter pilots, including those with distinguished careers in the military and commercial flying, who with divers, ensured that essential staff could operate in North Sea oil exploration and oil supply.

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Book SynopsisIs the world running out of oil? This book analyzes predictions of global oil depletion in the context of science, history, and economics. There has been continuing alarm about the imminent exhaustion of earth''s non-renewable resources. Yet, the world has never run out of any significant, globally traded, non-renewable resource. Is the world finally facing a non-renewable resource depletion catastrophe, or is the current concern just another one of a succession of panics? In this book, key assumptions and underlying arguments in the global oil-depletion debate are first summarized and then challenged. Facts about oil supply, production, and consumption are made accessible using concise and simple graphics. Concepts of resource depletion, end-use needs, technology leap-frogging, efficiency, and substitution are used to evaluate historical patterns of exploitation of non-renewable resources and to explore what history suggests about our future dependence on oil. This bTrade Review"He writes so from a position of strength having spent years analysing industry data and I find it difficult not to be swayed by the force of his honest arguments." (Oilholics Synonymous Report, September 2010) It is a book serious students of the world oil market should read, not because Gorelick has all the answers but because his account is well reasoned, well informed, and argued honestly, with respect for responsible opposing viewpoints." (David Lloyd Greene, Science, May 2010) "The book is a refreshing and methodical expose´ of the most common myths about oil that many of us hold as truths. Gorelick weaves an intriguing story from what might have been a dreadfully boring, yet impressive collection of data and observations. It was a pleasure to read and learn from this book, which I highly recommend to experts and non-experts alike, particularly our leaders in government." (Kenneth E. Peters, Geofluids, 2010) "In all my years as a journalist who has written on oil and follows the crude markets closely, I feel this book is the most engaging, detailed and well written one that I have come across in its genre. I am happy to recommend it to commodities professionals, economists, students and just about anyone interested in reading up on the oil depletion debate." (Gaurav Sharma, Infrastructure Journal 2010) "Professor Gorelick’s book is a valuable contribution to the debate about peak oil and could profitably be read by anybody requiring a pathway through the economic and political smokescreens which have grown up around the topic." (Geo Expro, September 2010)Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments x About Units xi Getting Started: What Do You Think? xiii 1 End of the Oil Era 1 Cause for Concern 1 Hubbert's Curve 4 The Appeal of Hubbert's Curve 10 Hubbert's Success 11 US Oil Dependence Since Peak Production 12 Chapters Ahead 13 Notes and References 13 2 The Global Oil Landscape 16 Introduction 16 Defi nitions 17 Petroleum Composition and Energy Density 18 Why a Barrel Is a bbl 20 The Oil Business 20 OPEC 23 How Much Oil Is There? The USGS Assessment 26 From the USGS Assessment to 2009 29 Reserves 31 Where Is Oil Produced? 32 Where Is Oil Consumed? 33 Oil Imports 35 After Oil Is Produced 37 Oil Production Versus Consumption 38 Oil Quality 40 Oil Pricing by Quality 40 Gasoline 41 What Determines the Price of Gasoline at the Pump? 41 The Price of Gasoline 44 Gasoline Price Elasticity: What Happens When the Price Goes Up (or Down)? 45 Gasoline Price Variability 47 Points to Take Away 49 Notes and References 51 3 The Historical Resource Depletion Debate 58 The Malthusian Doctrine 58 The Limits to Growth 59 The Oil Panics of 1916 and 1918 62 Panic Revisited: The Oil Crisis of the 1970s 63 Arguments Supporting Global Oil Depletion 65 Declining Oil Production in Countries in Addition to That in the US 65 Production Exceeds Discoveries 66 Reserve and Endowment Estimates are Inflated 67 Industry Exaggeration of Reserves 69 Fewer Giant Fields Discovered and Production is Declining 70 Decline in Discovery and Oil Drilling Suggests Onset of Production Decline 72 Global Industrial Development and Oil Consumption 74 The Price of Oil is Increasing: Does This Indicate Scarcity? 77 Forecasts Support a Decline in Global Production Using Extensions to Hubbert's Approach 80 Summary 81 Notes and References 82 4 Counter-Arguments to Imminent Global Oil Depletion 87 Myth I: Hubbert's Predicted Production Rates Were Accurate 87 US Oil Production 88 The Bell-Shaped Curve 93 US Natural Gas Production 95 Global Oil Production 95 Myth II: A Decline in Production Necessarily Indicates Scarcity 98 Commodity Scarcity 98 Generalizing the Debate: Resource Economists versus Neo-Malthusians 103 Back to Oil 110 Scarcity Rent 116 Myth III: Resource Assessments Provide Useful Endowment Estimates 118 The Missing Mass Balance 123 Counter-Argument to OPEC and Industry Exaggeration of Reserves 124 Myth IV: After So Much Exploration, There Is Little Oil Left To Be Found 126 US Oil: Reserves 126 US Oil: Discoveries 128 Global Oil: Reserves 132 Global Oil: Discoveries 138 Russian and Global Arctic Oil 144 Myth V: The World Cannot Afford Increases in Oil Use as Developing Nations Demand More Oil 146 Future Demand of Developing Nations 146 Oil Expenditures in the World Economy 153 Myth VI: There Are No Substitutes for Oil 156 The Gold Resource Pyramid 156 The Oil Resource Pyramid 160 The US and Global Oil Resource Pyramids 161 Three Unconventional Oil Substitutes 165 US heavy oil 165 Global heavy oil 166 US oil sands 168 Global oil sands 168 US oil shale 170 Global oil shale 172 Fossil Fuel Conversion: The Role of Gas and Coal 173 The Importance of Diesel 175 Synthetic Fuel from Coal and Natural Gas 175 Natural Gas Resources 177 Coal Resources 180 Chapter Summary 181 Notes and References 183 5 Beyond Panic 195 The Non-Renewable Resource Model 195 Where Is an Effi ciency Gain Possible? 196 Will Increases in Effi ciency Indeed Reduce Demand? 199 Two scenarios for developing nations 204 What Might Ultimately Substitute for Oil? 207 Consideration 1: Cost of dependence on imported oil 208 Consideration 2: Gasoline and atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions 209 Consideration 3: Alternatives 210 Ethanol 211 Biodiesel 212 Leapfrogging to an ultimate substitute 213 Effects of a US move to oil alternatives 215 The State of Oil Resources 219 Ending Thoughts 221 Notes and References 225 Index 231

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Book SynopsisThe Licit Life of Capitalism is both an account of a specific capitalist projectU.S. oil companies working off the shores of Equatorial Guineaand a sweeping theorization of more general forms and processes that facilitate diverse capitalist projects around the world. Hannah Appel draws on extensive fieldwork with managers and rig workers, lawyers and bureaucrats, the expat wives of American oil executives and the Equatoguinean women who work in their homes, to turn conventional critiques of capitalism on their head, arguing that market practices do not merely exacerbate inequality; they are made by it. People and places differentially valued by gender, race, and colonial histories are the terrain on which the rules of capitalist economy are built. Appel shows how the corporate form and the contract, offshore rigs and economic theory are the assemblages of liberalism and race, expertise and gender, technology and domesticity that enable the licit life of capitalismpractices that are legTrade Review“A brilliant and deeply ethical rumination on the emancipatory potential and limitations of ethnographic critiques of capitalism, this searing ethnography delves into the very making of landscapes of exploitation and subordination. It is a theoretically and methodologically breathtaking investigation into the conditions of possibility that allow global capitalism to self-represent as ‘aboveboard’ and ‘transparent.’ By delving into the muck of what constitutes ‘the licit’ in the architecture of capitalism, Hannah Appel notices and refuses ‘comp-licit’ normative assumptions. The Licit Life of Capitalism thus achieves what few ethnographies have: it shows how capitalist abstractions are culturally deliberate and painstakingly reproduced.” -- Karen Ho, author of * Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street *“In this compelling and engaging work Hannah Appel ethnographically captures a big thing: capitalism as a project. Asking after the fulsomeness with which capitalism powerfully does all the things it is supposed to do, Appel sets out a new path for grappling with this dominant force in contemporary politics and economics. Her book exemplifies the best critical writing on the workings of capitalism in anthropology, geography, sociology, and allied fields.” -- Bill Maurer, author of * How Would You like to Pay?: How Technology is Changing the Future of Money *"This book deserves a very wide audience. Scholars and activists engaged with the impact of multinational corporations in African countries, neoliberal efforts to control the movement of bodies while endorsing unlimited flows of capital and uneven distributions of blame, and the limits of neoliberal calls for political reform really need to read The Licit Life of Capitalism." -- Jeremy Rich * African Studies Quarterly *"Appel’s study of US oil companies in Equatorial Guinea is revelatory for its theoretical contributions to the anthropology of capitalism (beyond the rather more niche anthropology of oil), with a critical recentring of attention on the role of industry in shaping the politics and economics of resource extraction. With enviable access to the internal operations of these transnational corporations, Appel provides key insights into the assumptions and worldmaking strategies of what has long been an ethnographic black box." -- Wen Zhou * LSE Review of Books *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is essential reading for anyone interested in the politics of oil or the itinerant infrastructures of global capitalism. While Appel’s subject matter is complex, the book’s clear, compelling, and approachable prose make it an excellent addition to graduate-level geography courses focused on political economy, political ecology, infrastructure, or racial capitalism. Portions of the book, particularly ‘The Enclave’ and ‘The Economy,’ would also be appropriate for upper-division undergraduate courses on global development, postcolonial geography, and natural resource geographies.” -- Kendra Kintzi * Geographical Review *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is an outstanding work of scholarship that combines theoretical innovation with incisive ethnographic detail.... Appel’s text makes for essential reading for anyone concerned about the energy industry, multinational corporations, and the lopsided exchanges between the global South and North.” -- Tanmoy Sharma * Society for the Anthropology of Work *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is an energetic and polemical read. Appel’s account brings to life the seemingly yawn-worthy artefacts of the oil industry—contracts, budgets, corporate housing, conferences, sub-contracts—and reveals how these objects depend on and re-create the global, racialized inequality which itself doubles as one of this book’s central themes.” -- James Christopher Mizes * Society & Space *“Appel’s scholarship has helped define anthropology’s infrastructural turn. Here, she expands her portrayal of oil not through money alone—the narrow prerogative of resource curse theories—but as an industry dependent on material infrastructures, racialized labor regimes, technical expertise, and capitalist fantasies.” -- Geoffrey Aung * Focaal *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is above all a sophisticated study of capitalist world-making at different levels.... The book holds the tension between the ethnographic ‘particular’ and the ‘universal’ exceptionally well.” -- Gisa Weszkalnys * Anthropological Quarterly *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is incredibly informative. . . . The finely detailed ethnographic particulars in each chapter do an excellent job of illustrating contemporary life in Equatorial Guinea.” -- Jerry K. Jacka * Africa *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. The Offshore 37 2. The Enclave 79 3. The Contract 137 4. The Subcontract 172 5. The Economy 204 6. The Political 247 Afterword 279 Notes 285 References 295 Index 317

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Book SynopsisThe Licit Life of Capitalism is both an account of a specific capitalist projectU.S. oil companies working off the shores of Equatorial Guineaand a sweeping theorization of more general forms and processes that facilitate diverse capitalist projects around the world. Hannah Appel draws on extensive fieldwork with managers and rig workers, lawyers and bureaucrats, the expat wives of American oil executives and the Equatoguinean women who work in their homes, to turn conventional critiques of capitalism on their head, arguing that market practices do not merely exacerbate inequality; they are made by it. People and places differentially valued by gender, race, and colonial histories are the terrain on which the rules of capitalist economy are built. Appel shows how the corporate form and the contract, offshore rigs and economic theory are the assemblages of liberalism and race, expertise and gender, technology and domesticity that enable the licit life of capitalismpractices that are legTrade Review“A brilliant and deeply ethical rumination on the emancipatory potential and limitations of ethnographic critiques of capitalism, this searing ethnography delves into the very making of landscapes of exploitation and subordination. It is a theoretically and methodologically breathtaking investigation into the conditions of possibility that allow global capitalism to self-represent as ‘aboveboard’ and ‘transparent.’ By delving into the muck of what constitutes ‘the licit’ in the architecture of capitalism, Hannah Appel notices and refuses ‘comp-licit’ normative assumptions. The Licit Life of Capitalism thus achieves what few ethnographies have: it shows how capitalist abstractions are culturally deliberate and painstakingly reproduced.” -- Karen Ho, author of * Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street *“In this compelling and engaging work Hannah Appel ethnographically captures a big thing: capitalism as a project. Asking after the fulsomeness with which capitalism powerfully does all the things it is supposed to do, Appel sets out a new path for grappling with this dominant force in contemporary politics and economics. Her book exemplifies the best critical writing on the workings of capitalism in anthropology, geography, sociology, and allied fields.” -- Bill Maurer, author of * How Would You like to Pay?: How Technology is Changing the Future of Money *"This book deserves a very wide audience. Scholars and activists engaged with the impact of multinational corporations in African countries, neoliberal efforts to control the movement of bodies while endorsing unlimited flows of capital and uneven distributions of blame, and the limits of neoliberal calls for political reform really need to read The Licit Life of Capitalism." -- Jeremy Rich * African Studies Quarterly *"Appel’s study of US oil companies in Equatorial Guinea is revelatory for its theoretical contributions to the anthropology of capitalism (beyond the rather more niche anthropology of oil), with a critical recentring of attention on the role of industry in shaping the politics and economics of resource extraction. With enviable access to the internal operations of these transnational corporations, Appel provides key insights into the assumptions and worldmaking strategies of what has long been an ethnographic black box." -- Wen Zhou * LSE Review of Books *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is essential reading for anyone interested in the politics of oil or the itinerant infrastructures of global capitalism. While Appel’s subject matter is complex, the book’s clear, compelling, and approachable prose make it an excellent addition to graduate-level geography courses focused on political economy, political ecology, infrastructure, or racial capitalism. Portions of the book, particularly ‘The Enclave’ and ‘The Economy,’ would also be appropriate for upper-division undergraduate courses on global development, postcolonial geography, and natural resource geographies.” -- Kendra Kintzi * Geographical Review *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is an outstanding work of scholarship that combines theoretical innovation with incisive ethnographic detail.... Appel’s text makes for essential reading for anyone concerned about the energy industry, multinational corporations, and the lopsided exchanges between the global South and North.” -- Tanmoy Sharma * Society for the Anthropology of Work *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is an energetic and polemical read. Appel’s account brings to life the seemingly yawn-worthy artefacts of the oil industry—contracts, budgets, corporate housing, conferences, sub-contracts—and reveals how these objects depend on and re-create the global, racialized inequality which itself doubles as one of this book’s central themes.” -- James Christopher Mizes * Society & Space *“Appel’s scholarship has helped define anthropology’s infrastructural turn. Here, she expands her portrayal of oil not through money alone—the narrow prerogative of resource curse theories—but as an industry dependent on material infrastructures, racialized labor regimes, technical expertise, and capitalist fantasies.” -- Geoffrey Aung * Focaal *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is above all a sophisticated study of capitalist world-making at different levels.... The book holds the tension between the ethnographic ‘particular’ and the ‘universal’ exceptionally well.” -- Gisa Weszkalnys * Anthropological Quarterly *“The Licit Life of Capitalism is incredibly informative. . . . The finely detailed ethnographic particulars in each chapter do an excellent job of illustrating contemporary life in Equatorial Guinea.” -- Jerry K. Jacka * Africa *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1. The Offshore 37 2. The Enclave 79 3. The Contract 137 4. The Subcontract 172 5. The Economy 204 6. The Political 247 Afterword 279 Notes 285 References 295 Index 317

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Book SynopsisKirkuk is Iraq's most multilingual city, for millennia home to a diverse population. It was also where, in 1927, a foreign company first struck oil in Iraq. Over the following decades, Kirkuk became the heart of Iraq's booming petroleum industry. City of Black Gold tells a story of oil, urbanization, and colonialism in Kirkuk—and how these factors shaped the identities of Kirkuk's citizens, forming the foundation of an ethnic conflict. Arbella Bet-Shlimon reconstructs the twentieth-century history of Kirkuk to question the assumptions about the past underpinning today's ethnic divisions. In the early 1920s, when the Iraqi state was formed under British administration, group identities in Kirkuk were fluid. But as the oil industry fostered colonial power and Baghdad's influence over Kirkuk, intercommunal violence and competing claims to the city's history took hold. The ethnicities of Kurds, Turkmens, and Arabs in Kirkuk were formed throughout a century of urban development, interactions between communities, and political mobilization. Ultimately, this book shows how contentious politics in disputed areas are not primordial traits of those regions, but are a modern phenomenon tightly bound to the society and economics of urban life.Trade Review"This remarkable study of Kirkuk uncovers the ways in which the city became—and did not become—part of the Iraqi state. Arbella Bet-Shlimon bravely covers silenced histories, as she encourages us to look at Iraqi history through its northern urban peripheries. A fascinating urban history." -- Orit Bashkin * University of Chicago *"Based on extensive primary research, City of Black Gold is essential for anyone interested in the modern history of Iraq and the roots of the standoff between the government in Baghdad and the Kurdistan regional government. Written with care and sensitivity, Arbella Bet-Shlimon's history of Kirkuk is a delight to read." -- Joost Hiltermann, Middle East and North Africa Program Director * International Crisis Group *"City of Black Gold is a masterful account of Kirkuk. Blending smooth storytelling and sharp analysis, Arbella Bet-Shlimon challenges readers to rethink much of what passes as conventional wisdom about Iraq, and about power, oil, and ethnicity in the twentieth century. A wonderful book, richly documented, accessible, and creative." -- Toby C. Jones * Rutgers University *"This fine social history of the city of Kirkuk, in northern Iraq, traces a century of political upheaval." -- John Waterbury * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe book's introduction raises the fundamental questions that drive this project: How did the politicization of ethnicity in Kirkuk come about, and what did that process have to do with petroleum, urbanization, colonialism, and Iraqi nation building? It argues that, throughout the twentieth century, oil, urbanization, and colonialism shaped Kirkukis' identity formation and relationship to the state and that the divided city that these forces built gave rise to an ethnic conflict. The introduction explains that oil was the central mediating factor that affected how other forces transformed Kirkuk in the twentieth century. It explains the significance of the book's approach to this subject, including the difficulty of finding a research methodology when studying a city that is hard to access and whose archives have repeatedly been destroyed. This introduction situates the book among relevant scholarly conversations about identity formation, the politics of oil, urban history, and nation building. 1The Forging of Iraq chapter abstractThis chapter concerns the beginnings of Kirkuk's process of political reorientation after the British occupation following World War I severed the town's formal ties with Ottoman Istanbul. It argues that opposition to centralization under a Baghdad-based government, which took several different forms, was the single most important political trend in Kirkuk and its rural hinterland from 1918 to the early 1920s and was bolstered by the ambiguity of Kirkuk's status as a part of the disputed Mosul region. Anticolonial forces in Kirkuk nevertheless had to contend with the patronage networks built by the officials of the British Empire among some local notables, and the division between these two groups formed Kirkuk's most potent political fault line at a time when the distinctions among ethnolinguistic groups were not at all clear and had little to do with political interests. 2The British Mandate chapter abstractThis chapter explores how Mandate rule in Kirkuk produced a variety of relationships between urban notables, rural leaders, corresponding communities, and British and Iraqi local and central government authorities. It finds that these relations were unpredictable as long as Kirkuk was caught in the territorial dispute between the British Empire's Iraq Mandate and the Republic of Turkey. After a treaty cemented the Mosul region's status as part of Iraq in 1926, the Turkish-speaking urban elite of Kirkuk began to exhibit closer and more consistent ties with Baghdad, creating an emergent but still minor ethnic dispute with the Kurdish community, which was more inclined to oppose centralization. The League of Nations mediation process to resolve the "Mosul question" had assumed that "Kurds," "Turks," "Arabs," and "Christians" each had distinct interests as a group, thereby creating a rigid, ethnically based paradigm that structured regional politics moving forward. 3Oil and Urban Growth chapter abstractThis chapter begins by analyzing Kirkuk's growth from a provincial market town into an oil city after the discovery of oil by the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) in 1927, along with the changes in geography, society, and politics that this process engendered. For instance, Kirkuk began to see immigration by those seeking work with the oil company at an accelerating rate. According to Iraqi censuses, many of these immigrants were Kurds from rural areas close to Kirkuk. At the same time, however, Baghdad expanded its influence in the city through the growing prevalence of Arabic-language use in schools. The IPC maintained an isolated existence of segregation and, despite its enormous influence in the city, lacked productive relations with its labor force. Kirkuki oil workers were therefore amenable to organizing under the auspices of the ascendant Iraqi Communist Party. Urban political tensions culminated in a 1946 strike during which Kirkuk police killed many oil workers, a watershed moment that stimulated the oil company's active involvement in Kirkuk's evolving urban political arena. 4The Ideology of Urban Development chapter abstractThis chapter examines the development and housing projects that resulted directly from the strike and the violent British-ordered police crackdown in 1946, defining the trajectory of Kirkuk's urban politics until the revolution of 1958. It analyzes the ways that these projects became sites of interaction and competition for influence between the company, British authorities, and Kirkuki and Iraqi authorities at several levels, lending increasing significance to the local political domain. The Iraq Petroleum Company, British officials, and Iraqi officials sought to promote the values of capitalism among Kirkuki oil workers to counter the influence of communism. The chapter also examines how the presence of the oil industry and of development projects aimed at achieving "modernity" also defined Kirkuk's civic identity as the Iraqi "city of black gold," which Kirkukis, other Iraqis, and Westerners alike portrayed eagerly in various public discourses. 5The Intercommunal Fight chapter abstractThis chapter returns to the theme of the ethnicization of local politics. It begins with the Iraqi revolution of 1958, which brought the development projects of the previous decade to a halt, led to the decline of British influence, and instantly altered the axes around which local politics in Kirkuk revolved. Unlike in the monarchy era, Kirkukis' political interests aligned with their ethnic groups in the revolutionary era more than with any other single attribute, leading to intercommunal violence. The Turkmen and Kurdish communities sought to assert their control over the city and its institutions literally and symbolically, demonstrating that the Kirkuki civic identity that had emerged in recent years exacerbated fault lines that corresponded with ethnicity. The Kurdish nationalist movement, which was based in areas north and east of Kirkuk, actively and forthrightly claimed Kirkuk's oil and turned the Kirkuk province into a battleground for the first time. Baghdad met these efforts with a level of brutality that, up to that point, had been unprecedented in modern Kirkuk and its hinterland. 6Nationalization and Arabization chapter abstractThis chapter covers the changes that Kirkuk experienced in the era of Ba'th (Baath) Party rule between 1968 and the 1990s. After the nationalization of the oil industry in 1972, the company became yet another manifestation of Baghdad's ever-growing influence in Kirkuk. The Ba'th regime, which was Arab nationalist at its roots, used ethnicity—in Arabic, qawmiyya—as shorthand for loyalty to the state, regarding all non-Arabs as suspect. The Ba'th regime intensified the process of consolidating Arabs' position in Kirkuk through administrative reforms, resettlement, and gerrymandering. Many non-Arabs were forced to formally register as Arabs, an active attempt to combat competing ethnonationalisms as well as cultural pluralism. This logic of Arabization culminated in ethnic cleansing and the Anfal genocide against the Kurds, which was planned from Kirkuk. Conclusion chapter abstractThe book's conclusion describes events in Kirkuk from the 1990s to the present, including the era of the Iraq War and the 2017 Kurdistan independence referendum. It urges readers to consider what the preceding chapters tell us about Kirkuk, and similar places, today. The conclusion argues that it is time to think beyond ethnopolitics when trying to understand the problems and possibilities of a diverse, disputed city such as Kirkuk. It notes that, for instance, Kirkukis' political stances are not wholly predictable on the basis of ethnicity. It argues that the complex of cultures and institutions that accompany the oil industry are part of Kirkukis' lives and political stances regardless of their individual relationships to the industry. It concludes with a call for a frank reckoning with Kirkuk's history of conflict and the role of oil in that conflict as part of any process of reconciliation.

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Book SynopsisKirkuk is Iraq's most multilingual city, for millennia home to a diverse population. It was also where, in 1927, a foreign company first struck oil in Iraq. Over the following decades, Kirkuk became the heart of Iraq's booming petroleum industry. City of Black Gold tells a story of oil, urbanization, and colonialism in Kirkuk—and how these factors shaped the identities of Kirkuk's citizens, forming the foundation of an ethnic conflict. Arbella Bet-Shlimon reconstructs the twentieth-century history of Kirkuk to question the assumptions about the past underpinning today's ethnic divisions. In the early 1920s, when the Iraqi state was formed under British administration, group identities in Kirkuk were fluid. But as the oil industry fostered colonial power and Baghdad's influence over Kirkuk, intercommunal violence and competing claims to the city's history took hold. The ethnicities of Kurds, Turkmens, and Arabs in Kirkuk were formed throughout a century of urban development, interactions between communities, and political mobilization. Ultimately, this book shows how contentious politics in disputed areas are not primordial traits of those regions, but are a modern phenomenon tightly bound to the society and economics of urban life.Trade Review"This remarkable study of Kirkuk uncovers the ways in which the city became—and did not become—part of the Iraqi state. Arbella Bet-Shlimon bravely covers silenced histories, as she encourages us to look at Iraqi history through its northern urban peripheries. A fascinating urban history." -- Orit Bashkin * University of Chicago *"Based on extensive primary research, City of Black Gold is essential for anyone interested in the modern history of Iraq and the roots of the standoff between the government in Baghdad and the Kurdistan regional government. Written with care and sensitivity, Arbella Bet-Shlimon's history of Kirkuk is a delight to read." -- Joost Hiltermann, Middle East and North Africa Program Director * International Crisis Group *"City of Black Gold is a masterful account of Kirkuk. Blending smooth storytelling and sharp analysis, Arbella Bet-Shlimon challenges readers to rethink much of what passes as conventional wisdom about Iraq, and about power, oil, and ethnicity in the twentieth century. A wonderful book, richly documented, accessible, and creative." -- Toby C. Jones * Rutgers University *"This fine social history of the city of Kirkuk, in northern Iraq, traces a century of political upheaval." -- John Waterbury * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsContents and AbstractsIntroduction chapter abstractThe book's introduction raises the fundamental questions that drive this project: How did the politicization of ethnicity in Kirkuk come about, and what did that process have to do with petroleum, urbanization, colonialism, and Iraqi nation building? It argues that, throughout the twentieth century, oil, urbanization, and colonialism shaped Kirkukis' identity formation and relationship to the state and that the divided city that these forces built gave rise to an ethnic conflict. The introduction explains that oil was the central mediating factor that affected how other forces transformed Kirkuk in the twentieth century. It explains the significance of the book's approach to this subject, including the difficulty of finding a research methodology when studying a city that is hard to access and whose archives have repeatedly been destroyed. This introduction situates the book among relevant scholarly conversations about identity formation, the politics of oil, urban history, and nation building. 1The Forging of Iraq chapter abstractThis chapter concerns the beginnings of Kirkuk's process of political reorientation after the British occupation following World War I severed the town's formal ties with Ottoman Istanbul. It argues that opposition to centralization under a Baghdad-based government, which took several different forms, was the single most important political trend in Kirkuk and its rural hinterland from 1918 to the early 1920s and was bolstered by the ambiguity of Kirkuk's status as a part of the disputed Mosul region. Anticolonial forces in Kirkuk nevertheless had to contend with the patronage networks built by the officials of the British Empire among some local notables, and the division between these two groups formed Kirkuk's most potent political fault line at a time when the distinctions among ethnolinguistic groups were not at all clear and had little to do with political interests. 2The British Mandate chapter abstractThis chapter explores how Mandate rule in Kirkuk produced a variety of relationships between urban notables, rural leaders, corresponding communities, and British and Iraqi local and central government authorities. It finds that these relations were unpredictable as long as Kirkuk was caught in the territorial dispute between the British Empire's Iraq Mandate and the Republic of Turkey. After a treaty cemented the Mosul region's status as part of Iraq in 1926, the Turkish-speaking urban elite of Kirkuk began to exhibit closer and more consistent ties with Baghdad, creating an emergent but still minor ethnic dispute with the Kurdish community, which was more inclined to oppose centralization. The League of Nations mediation process to resolve the "Mosul question" had assumed that "Kurds," "Turks," "Arabs," and "Christians" each had distinct interests as a group, thereby creating a rigid, ethnically based paradigm that structured regional politics moving forward. 3Oil and Urban Growth chapter abstractThis chapter begins by analyzing Kirkuk's growth from a provincial market town into an oil city after the discovery of oil by the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) in 1927, along with the changes in geography, society, and politics that this process engendered. For instance, Kirkuk began to see immigration by those seeking work with the oil company at an accelerating rate. According to Iraqi censuses, many of these immigrants were Kurds from rural areas close to Kirkuk. At the same time, however, Baghdad expanded its influence in the city through the growing prevalence of Arabic-language use in schools. The IPC maintained an isolated existence of segregation and, despite its enormous influence in the city, lacked productive relations with its labor force. Kirkuki oil workers were therefore amenable to organizing under the auspices of the ascendant Iraqi Communist Party. Urban political tensions culminated in a 1946 strike during which Kirkuk police killed many oil workers, a watershed moment that stimulated the oil company's active involvement in Kirkuk's evolving urban political arena. 4The Ideology of Urban Development chapter abstractThis chapter examines the development and housing projects that resulted directly from the strike and the violent British-ordered police crackdown in 1946, defining the trajectory of Kirkuk's urban politics until the revolution of 1958. It analyzes the ways that these projects became sites of interaction and competition for influence between the company, British authorities, and Kirkuki and Iraqi authorities at several levels, lending increasing significance to the local political domain. The Iraq Petroleum Company, British officials, and Iraqi officials sought to promote the values of capitalism among Kirkuki oil workers to counter the influence of communism. The chapter also examines how the presence of the oil industry and of development projects aimed at achieving "modernity" also defined Kirkuk's civic identity as the Iraqi "city of black gold," which Kirkukis, other Iraqis, and Westerners alike portrayed eagerly in various public discourses. 5The Intercommunal Fight chapter abstractThis chapter returns to the theme of the ethnicization of local politics. It begins with the Iraqi revolution of 1958, which brought the development projects of the previous decade to a halt, led to the decline of British influence, and instantly altered the axes around which local politics in Kirkuk revolved. Unlike in the monarchy era, Kirkukis' political interests aligned with their ethnic groups in the revolutionary era more than with any other single attribute, leading to intercommunal violence. The Turkmen and Kurdish communities sought to assert their control over the city and its institutions literally and symbolically, demonstrating that the Kirkuki civic identity that had emerged in recent years exacerbated fault lines that corresponded with ethnicity. The Kurdish nationalist movement, which was based in areas north and east of Kirkuk, actively and forthrightly claimed Kirkuk's oil and turned the Kirkuk province into a battleground for the first time. Baghdad met these efforts with a level of brutality that, up to that point, had been unprecedented in modern Kirkuk and its hinterland. 6Nationalization and Arabization chapter abstractThis chapter covers the changes that Kirkuk experienced in the era of Ba'th (Baath) Party rule between 1968 and the 1990s. After the nationalization of the oil industry in 1972, the company became yet another manifestation of Baghdad's ever-growing influence in Kirkuk. The Ba'th regime, which was Arab nationalist at its roots, used ethnicity—in Arabic, qawmiyya—as shorthand for loyalty to the state, regarding all non-Arabs as suspect. The Ba'th regime intensified the process of consolidating Arabs' position in Kirkuk through administrative reforms, resettlement, and gerrymandering. Many non-Arabs were forced to formally register as Arabs, an active attempt to combat competing ethnonationalisms as well as cultural pluralism. This logic of Arabization culminated in ethnic cleansing and the Anfal genocide against the Kurds, which was planned from Kirkuk. Conclusion chapter abstractThe book's conclusion describes events in Kirkuk from the 1990s to the present, including the era of the Iraq War and the 2017 Kurdistan independence referendum. It urges readers to consider what the preceding chapters tell us about Kirkuk, and similar places, today. The conclusion argues that it is time to think beyond ethnopolitics when trying to understand the problems and possibilities of a diverse, disputed city such as Kirkuk. It notes that, for instance, Kirkukis' political stances are not wholly predictable on the basis of ethnicity. It argues that the complex of cultures and institutions that accompany the oil industry are part of Kirkukis' lives and political stances regardless of their individual relationships to the industry. It concludes with a call for a frank reckoning with Kirkuk's history of conflict and the role of oil in that conflict as part of any process of reconciliation.

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Book SynopsisThe downhill slide in the global price of crude oil in 2014 had major repercussions across the Middle East. Following the Arab uprisings of 2010 and 2011, the oil price decline represented a second major shock for the region in the early twenty-first century – one that provides constraints and opportunities. Offering the first comprehensive analysis of the Middle Eastern political economy in response to the 2014 oil price decline, this book connects oil market dynamics with an understanding of socio-political changes.Inspired by rentierism, the contributors present original studies that reveal a large diversity of country-specific policy adjustment strategies: from the migrant workers in the Arab Gulf, who lost out in the post-2014 period, to Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon, who have never been able to benefit from the 2014 oil price decline. With timely contributions on the COVID-19-induced oil price crash in 2020, this collection shows that rentierism still prevails.Table of Contents1 Pressured by the decreased price of oil: Post-2014 adjustment policies in the Arab Gulf and beyond - Martin Beck and Thomas Richter2 Upgrading towards neoclassical rentier governance: Bahrain’s post-2014 oil price decline adjustment - Sumaya AlJazeeri3 Stalled reform: The resilience of rentierism in Kuwait - Gertjan Hoetjes4 Oil price collapse and the political economy of the post-2014 economic adjustment in the Sultanate of Oman - Crystal A. Ennis and Said Al-Saqri5 Qatar: Leadership transition, regional crisis, and the imperatives for reform - Matthew Gray6 The nexus between state-led economic reform programmes, security, and reputation damage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Robert Mason7 Federal benefits: How federalism encourages economic diversification in the United Arab Emirates - Karen E. Young8 Egypt’s twisted hydrocarbon dependency: A case of persistent semi-rentierism - Amr Adly9 Oil and turmoil: Jordan’s adjustment challenges amid local and regional change - Riad al Khouri and Emily Silcock10 Lower oil prices since 2014: Good news or bad news for the Lebanese economy? - Mohamad B. Karaki11 Oil and political economy in the Middle East: Overcoming rentierism? - Martin Beck and Thomas Richter

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Book SynopsisChapter 1 examines how BLM''s actual costs and potential oil and gas well liabilities have changed for fiscal years 2010 through 2017 and the extent to which BLM has implemented its well and bond review policies. Chapter 2 reviews oil and gas lease suspensions on federal lands managed by BLM and examines the extent of and reasons for such suspensions and the approach BLM uses to monitor the status of lease suspensions. Chapter 3 describes the distribution of BLM''s oil and gas Inspection and Enforcement program''s workload and workforce among agency field offices for the most recent 5 years for fiscal years 2012 through 2016 and examines the extent to which BLM conducted internal control reviews in accordance with its July 2012 oversight policy for fiscal years 2013 through 2018. U.S. oil and natural gas production has increased substantially since 2008. These increases have important policy implications for energy markets, infrastructure, security, and the environment as reported in chapter 4. Chapter 5 discusses the recent oil market trends and geopolitical factors that have contributed to price escalation since the start of 2018. Chapter 6 reviews the federal government''s response, restoration, and research efforts after the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon oil spills. This chapter examines how the trustee councils have used the restoration trust funds and the status of restoration and the interagency committee''s coordination of oil spill research efforts.

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Book SynopsisFramed for a global audience, William Hughes' new book provides a fundamental basis for understanding legal problems commonly encountered when doing business in the international oil and gas industry. Hughes- a Harvard Law School graduate, practicing attorney, adjunct professor, and Fulbright scholar- devotes substantial attention to industry legal problems arising under non-U.S. legal systems, such as those in the European Union and Islamic law regimes. Including case studies and end-of-chapter questions and notes, Fundamentals of International Oil & Gas Law is an excellent desk reference, course textbook, or introductory guide.

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Book SynopsisMany factors set oil and gas apart from other industries and make unique demands on its human resource management, including its global nature, the importance of safety, the involvement of governments, proactive stakeholders, a multifaceted workforce, and project focus. Managing Human Resources in the Oil & Gas Industry provides an in-depth look at human resource management for all aspects of the oil and gas sector. The authors provide a full picture of human resource management and its role in staffing, training, performance management, compensation, and labor.This book is relevant to all human resource management department employees and all managers in the oil and gas industry and is suitable for workshops, seminars, and courses in human resource management in the oil and gas industry.

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Book SynopsisIn the 2nd edition of The Acquisition & Divestiture of Petroleum Property, authors Jim Haag & Gene Wiggins have revised and expanded upon the insightful and comprehensive first edition. This book will be of value to anyone who wants to learn the industry standard steps needed to acquire or sell oil and gas property.The book now includes a new format and sections on: The consideration of geology in property analysis The determination of oil and gas reserves quantities by reservior engineering methods The assessments of property value The evaluation of exploratory opportunities The analysis of unconventional resources and reserves Updated market value from recent transactions A review of the challenges to acquire properties outside the U.S. Additional case histories .

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Book SynopsisThe long awaited third edition of Properties of Petroleum Fluids covers all the essential components, properties, and equations for the various fluids and gases. Esteemed author William McCain, has expanded and revised his book to now include new and updated correlations and rules for preparing values of nearly all the fluid properties required by petroleum engineers. The third edition also includes new research on asphaltenes and gas hydrates and two new chapters on gas condensates and volatile oils.Table of Contents A Brief Review of Organic Chemistry Petroleum Phase Behavior The Five Reservoir Fluids Properties of Gases: Ideal Gas and Real Gas Equations of State Properties of Dry Gases Properties of Wet Gases Properties of Gas Condensates: Reservoir Fluid Studies Properties of Gas Condensates: Application of Reservoir Fluid Studies Properties of Black Oils: Definitions Properties of Black Oils: Reservoir Fluid Studies Properties of Black Oils: Application of Reservoir Fluid Studies Properties of Black Oils: Field Data for Use in Correlations Properties of Black Oils: Correlations Volatile Oils Properties of Oilfield Waters Clathrate Hydrates of Petroleum

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