Archaeological theory Books

Book SynopsisIn 2017 an intense fundraising campaign ensured that what came to be known as 'the Galloway Hoard' was saved for the nation. Since then work has been ongoing to preserve and understand it. Over 5kg of silver bullion, many unique and enigmatic gold objects, the rare preservation of textiles and an unusual range of other materials, make the Hoard the richest collection of Viking-age objects every found in Britain and Ireland. Dr Martin Goldberg and Dr Mary Davis provide the first full description of the Hoard and place the find in a wider historical and geographical context.Table of ContentsForword Introduction Silver bullion The cross The lower bullion deposit A binding contract? A time capsule Unpacking the vessel More Anglo-Saxon connections Unwrapping the Galloway Hoard Exploring the past, looking to the future References Bibliography Acknowledgements

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Book SynopsisNetwork research has recently been adopted as one of the tools of the trade in archaeology, used to study a wide range of topics: interactions between island communities, movements through urban spaces, visibility in past landscapes, material culture similarity, exchange, and much more. This Handbook is the first authoritative reference work for archaeological network research, featuring current topical trends and covering the archaeological application of network methods and theories. This is elaborately demonstrated through substantive topics and case studies drawn from a breadth of periods and cultures in world archaeology. It highlights and further develops the unique contributions made by archaeological research to network science, especially concerning the development of spatial and material culture network methods and approaches to studying long-term network change. This is the go-to resource for students and scholars wishing to explore how network science can be applied in archTable of Contents1: Matthew A. Peeples, Jessica Munson, Barbara J. Mills, and Tom Brughmans: Introduction Part I: Archaeological Networks in Practice 2: Clara Filet and Fabrice Rossi: Network Methods and Properties 3: Matthew A. Peeples, John M. Roberts, Jr, and Yi Yin: Challenges for Network Research in Archaeology 4: Benjamin Bach and Mereke van Garderen: Beyond the Node-Link Diagram: A Fast Forward about Network Visualization for Archaeology 5: Per Östborn and Henrik Gerding: Inference from Archaeological Similarity Networks Part II: Material Culture Networks 6: Jennifer Birch: Material Networks and Culture Change 7: Elliot H. Blair: Material Culture Similarity and Co-occurrence Networks 8: Daniel Sosna: Mortuary Archaeology Networks 9: Mark Golitko: Geochemical Networks 10: Sarah M. Griffin and Florian Klimm: Networks and Museum Collections Part III: Geographical Networks 11: Diego Jiménez-Badillo: Nearest and Relative Neighbourhood Networks 12: Ray Rivers, Tim Evans, and Eleftheria Paliou: Gravity and Maximum Entropy Models 13: Irmela Herzog: Transportation Networks and Least-Cost Paths 14: Mu-Chun Wu: Space Syntax and Pedestrian Modelling 15: Zoran %Cu%ckovi'c: Visibility Networks 16: Eduardo Apolinaire and Laura Bastourre: Hydrographic Networks Part IV: Network Simulation 17: Iza Romanowska: Complexity Science and Networks in Archaeology 18: Wendy H. Cegielski: Networks, Agent-Based Modeling, and Archaeology 19: Viviana Amati: Random Graph Models Part V: Biological Networks 20: Kent M. Johnson: Biodistance Networks 21: Stefani A. Crabtree and Jennifer A. Dunne: Food Webs Part VI: Text-Based Networks 22: Claire Lemercier: Historical and Archaeological Network Data 23: Diane Harris Cline and Jessica Munson: Epigraphic Networks in Cross-Cultural Perspective 24: Valeria Vitale and Rainer Simon: Linked Data Networks: How, Why and When to Apply Network Analysis to LOD 25: Allison Mickel, Anthony Sinclair, and Tom Brughmans: Knowledge Networks 26: Vojt%ech Ka%se, Tomá%s Glomb, and Jan Fousek: Networks and Religious Transformations Part VII: Cultural Transmission and Human Evolution 27: Valéria Romano and Sergi Lozano: Perspectives on Human Behavioural Evolution from Primate Networks 28: Claudine Gravel-Miguel, and Fiona Coward: Palaeolithic Social Networks and Behavioural Modernity 29: Briggs Buchanan and Marcus J. Hamilton: Networks and Cultural Transmission in Hunter-Gatherer Societies Part VIII: Movement, Exchange, and Flows through Networks 30: Justin Leidwanger: Maritime Networks 31: Barbara J. Mills and Matthew A. Peeples: Migration and Archaeological Network Research 32: Marek Vlach: Network Modelling of the Spread of Disease 33: Shawn Graham and Damien Huffer: The Antiquities Trade and Digital Networks: Or, the Supercharging Effect of Social Media on the Rise of the Amateur Antiquities Trader Part IX: Assessing the Structural Characteristics of Networks 34: Matthew Pailes: Social Networks and Inequality 35: Erik Gjesfjeld: Networks and Catastrophes 36: Jelena Gruji'c and Miljana Radivojevi'c: Community Detection 37: Scott G. Ortman: Settlement Scaling Analysis as Social Network Analysis 38: Jacob Holland-Lulewicz: Networks and Sociopolitical Organization Part X: Looking Ahead and Beyond 39: Ulrik Brandes: Archaeological Network Science 40: John Edward Terrell: Network Models and the Past: Relational Thinking and Contingency Analysis 41: Carl Knappett and Angus Mol: Network Epistemologies in Archaeology 42: Jessica Munson, Barbara J. Mills, Tom Brughmans, and Matthew A. Peeples: Anticipating the Next Wave of Archaeological Network Research

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Book SynopsisMaking creates knowledge, builds environments and transforms lives. Anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture are all ways of making, and all are dedicated to exploring the conditions and potentials of human life. In this exciting book, Tim Ingold ties the four disciplines together in a way that has never been attempted before. In a radical departure from conventional studies that treat art and architecture as compendia of objects for analysis, Ingold proposes an anthropology and archaeology not of but with art and architecture. He advocates a way of thinking through making in which sentient practitioners and active materials continually answer to, or correspond', with one another in the generation of form. Making offers a series of profound reflections on what it means to create things, on materials and form, the meaning of design, landscape perception, animate life, personal knowledge and the work of the hand. It draws on examples and experTrade Review"In his latest book, Tim Ingold persuasively argues for anthropology’s transformational capacity and promotes serious reflection on the need for anthropologists to correspond with the world. His focus on handwork in art, building, and the making of tools beautifully illustrates ‘thinking through making’ and learning by doing. This accessible book makes an excellent and timely contribution to a core area of anthropological research, and invites the reader to engage with the fascinating work emerging from it." - Trevor Marchand, School of Oriental & African Studies, UK"Ingold is a joy to read. With Making, he continues to enliven the social sciences with his distinctively compelling and critical reflections on anthropological, archaeological, architectural and artistic practices. This volume will be useful to all who are striving to integrate art and research, making and thinking, practice and theory." - Ian Alden Russell, David Winton Bell Gallery, Brown University, USA"For architects it is an absolute must to discover and absorb the work of this friendly outsider whose ideas touch the heart of what we do." - Lars Spuybroek, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"Unafraid to ask bold questions and propose daring answers, Tim Ingold has developed a distinctive voice. In the process, he has staked out an increasingly influential position that touches on a wide range of disciplines." - Webb Keane, University of Michigan, USATable of Contents1. Knowing from the inside 2. The materials of life 3. On making a hand axe 4. On building a house 5. The sighted watchmaker 6. Round mound and earth sky 7. Bodies on the run 8. Telling by hand 9. Drawing the line

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsList of Figures viii Acknowledgments x Preface: The Contradictions of Theory xi 1 Common Sense is Not Enough 1 2 The “New Archaeology” 13 3 Archaeology as a Science 38 4 Middle‐range Theory, Ethnoarchaeology and Material Culture Studies 54 5 Culture and Process 72 6 Thoughts and Ideologies 94 7 Postprocessual and Interpretative Archaeologies 108 8 The Material Turn 132 9 Archaeology, Gender, and Identity 156 10 Archaeology and Cultural Evolution 180 11 Archaeology and Darwinian Evolution 202 12 Archaeology and History 226 13 Archaeology, Politics, and Culture 246 14 Conclusion: The Future of Theory 260 Selective Glossary 284 Further Reading 294 Bibliography 317 Index 358

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Book SynopsisTHE PERFECT READ FOR TROUBLED TIMESFrom the bestselling author of The Story of the British Isles in 100 Places comes this inspiring and beautifully written meditation on the wisdom inherited from our ancestors.For all we have gained in the modern world, simple peace of mind is hard to find. In a time that is increasingly fraught with complexity and conflict, we are told that our wellbeing relies on remaining as present as possible. But what if the key to being present lies in the past? In Wisdom of the Ancients, Neil Oliver takes us back in time, to grab hold of the ideas buried in forgotten cultures and early civilizations. From Laetoli footprints in Tanzania to Keralan rituals, stone circles and cave paintings, Oliver takes us on a global journey through antiquity. A master storyteller, drawing on immense knowledge of our ancient past, he distils this wisdom into twelve messages that have endured the test of time, and invites us to consider how these might apply to our lives today. The result is powerful and inspirational, moving and profound.Trade ReviewReading Wisdom of the Ancients is like putting on the finest headphones ever made. Here, cutting out the background noise of a society fevered by consumption and sensation...is a book that really makes you think and offers up the excitement of discovering things that when you read them make you fizz like understanding a foreign language you never realised you knew. This book is the equivalent of diving into a cool sea on a baking hot day, you emerge smiley and refreshed. I wish I had written this. * Tim Smit *Neil Oliver writes beautifully - bringing the past to life and letting us see ourselves in a new light. * Alice Roberts *A fascinating fact-laden expedition through the ages. Oliver's erudition shines off every page. * Anna Pasternak *

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Book SynopsisBroken Bodies, Places and Objects demonstrates the breadth of fragmentation and fragment use in prehistory and history and provides an up-to-date insight into current archaeological thinking around the topic.A seal broken and shared by two trade parties, dog jaws accompanying the dead in Mesolithic burials, fragments of ancient warships commodified as souvenirs, parts of an ancient dynastic throne split up between different colonial collections Pieces of the past are everywhere around us. Fragments have a special potential precisely because of their incomplete format as a new matter that can reference its original whole but can also live on with new, unrelated meanings. Deliberate breakage of bodies, places and objects for the use of fragments has been attested from all time periods in the past. It has now been over 20 years since John Chapman's major publication introducing fragmentation studies, and the topic is more present than ever in archaeology. This volume oTable of ContentsChapter 1 - Fragmentation in Archaeological Context - Studying the Incomplete; Part I – Fragmentation and Funerary Practices; Chapter 2 - Marking Boundaries, Making Connections: Fragmenting the Body in Bronze Age Britain; Chapter 3 - Breaking and Making the Ancestors. Fragmentation as a Key Funerary Practice in the Creation of Urnfield Graves; Chapter 4 - Bonded by Pieces: Fragments as Means of Affirming Kinship in Iron Age Finland; Chapter 5 - Revisiting, Selecting, Breaking and Removing: Incomplete and Fragmented Merovingian Reopened Graves in Western Europe; Chapter 6 - Parted Pairs: Viking Age Oval Brooches in Britain, Ireland, and Iceland; Part II – Fragmentation and Archaeological Methods; Chapter 7 - There is Method in the Madness – or how to Approach Fragmentation in Archaeology; Chapter 8 - Four Problems for Archaeological Refitting Studies; Chapter 9 - Describing Identity: The Individual and the Collective in Zooarchaeology; Chapter 10 - Fragmented Reindeer of Stállo Foundations; Chapter 11 - House to House – Fragmentation and Deceptive Memory-Making at an Early Modern Swedish Country House; Part III – Fragmentation and the Manipulation of Objects; Chapter 12 - Multiple Objects: Fragmentation and Process in the Neolithic of Britain and Ireland; Chapter 13 - Breaking, Making, Dismantling and Reassembling: Fragmentation in Iron Age Britain; Chapter 14 - Fusing Fragments: Repaired Objects, Refitted Parts and Upcycled Pieces in the Late Bronze Age Metalwork of Southern Scandinavia; Chapter 15 - Selective Fragmentation: Exploring the Treatment of Metalwork across Time and Space in Bronze Age Britain; Chapter 16 - Pieces of the Past, Fragments for the Future - Broken Metalwork in Nordic Late Bronze Age Hoards as Memorabilia?; Chapter 17 - A Man-of-War in Pieces. Fragmenting the Rikswasa of 1599; Concluding Essay; Chapter 18 - Fragmentation Research and the Fetichization of Independence.

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Book SynopsisMutualist Archaeology proposes that the theory of mutualism can transform archaeology from what someconsider to be a discipline in crisis.This book argues that the methodological and practical applications of mutualism can transform both the practice of archaeology and the way that interpretations of the past are created. Nineteenth-century theories of capitalism and Darwinism led many to assume that competition, both in the present and the past, was the most natural process in the world. Despite the tenacity of the competitive argument, this book highlights another way of seeing the natural and human world, beneficial association, or mutualism. Chapters set out how mutualist theory can offer differing perspectives on the many historical contexts archaeologists investigate, such as exchange and social complexity, as well as how archaeologists work together. Until now, no archaeologist has explicitly explored the richness that exists within mutualism, and in addition to

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Book SynopsisThis volume expands perspectives on infrastructure that are rooted in archaeological discourse and material evidence.The compiled chapters represent new and emerging ideas within archaeology about what infrastructure is, how it can materialize, and how it impacts and reflects human behavior, social organization, and identity in the past as well as the present. Three goals central to the work include: (1) expand the definition of infrastructure using archaeological frameworks and evidence from a wide range of social, historical, and geographic contexts; (2) explore how new archaeological perspectives on infrastructure can help answer anthropological questions pertaining to social organization, group collaboration, and community consensus and negotiation; and (3) examine the broader implications of an archaeological engagement with infrastructure and contributions to contemporary infrastructural studies. Chapters explore important aspects of infrastructure, including its relati

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Book SynopsisThis volume explores the part played by different metals in use from the fourth millennium BC to the Early Iron Age, not only in the Aegean but also in the wider Old World. It addresses the divergent uses and roles of different metals, the interrelationships of these roles and the changing values that may have been accorded to them at different times and in different places by producers and consumers. Individually, the papers in the volume contemplate the particular properties of different metals and the various issues concerning their frequent under-representation in the archaeological (but not necessarily textual) record, and also point out comparative and diachronic perspectives that may have the ability to offer insights into their important roles in wider cultural and historical changes over a period of several millennia. After the Introduction and Chapter 1, which reflects on some of the parameters involved in the term ‘precious’ as applied to metals, the remaining six chapters cover the Aegean and the networks that link the Aegean with Italy, Cyprus and the Near East more generally, and south-east Anatolia and the Caucasus. Between them they discuss the beginnings of regular iron metallurgy, the uses of and attitudes to gold, silver and bronze and other copper-based alloys at various times between the fourth millennium BC and the Early Iron Age.Table of ContentsList of Contributors Precious Circuits: Introduction Toby Wilkinson and Susan Sherratt 1. Precious Metal Values: Reflecting on Colours, Agency, and Domination Toby C. Wilkinson 2. Interaction, Gold, and Power: Contrasting Stories from Tombs across the East Mediterranean ca. 2000–1800 BC Borja Legarro Herrera 3. Greek Silver before Coinage: Medium of Exchange, Means of Wealth Accumulation, or Commodity? Susan Sherratt 4. The Sword and the Axe. Symbols of Value in the Bronze Age Social and Economic Exchange Networks Linking the Aegean to Italy within a Diachronic Perspective Elisabetta Borgna 5. The Development of Ironworking in the 12th and 11th Centuries in Cyprus Joanna Palermo 6. Provinces of Innovation. On the Introduction of Iron in the Near East Christopher Pare 7. Graves of Power. Circulation of Elite Strategies between Caucasus and South-eastern Anatolia in the Dawn of the Bronze Age Martina Massimino

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Book SynopsisPilgrims in Place, Pilgrims in Motion: Sacred Travel in the Ancient Mediterranean brings together exciting interdisciplinary scholarship on the connected poles of pilgrimage: the sanctuaries being visited, and the journeys to get there. Contributions investigate different concepts of place, community, social tensions and expectations of pilgrim behaviour; long-term meanings of place as embodied in memory and topography; mobility, migration and place-making; connectivity and its relationship to pilgrimage. Individual chapters discuss shrines, sanctuaries and sacred places as well as journeys and mobility across Greek, Roman and late antique contexts, framed as part of a key debate within the study of pilgrimage, the central tension between place and motion.

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Book SynopsisMigrations constitute one of the most defining features of human history from the very beginning to the present. In recent years, the increasing application of ancient DNA and isotope studies has been revolutionising our understanding of past population movements, although the interpretation of the results is often still controversial. Rethinking Migrations in Late Prehistoric Eurasia provides an insight into cutting-edge research on late prehistoric migrations in Eurasia, integrating different strands of evidence and emphasising the need for combining bioarchaeological analyses with a solid theoretical and methodological background. The 15 chapters within the book range from the 3rd to the 1st millennia BC, with a geographical scope extending from Atlantic Europe to Central Asia. Case studies include a reassessment of large-scale migrations, but also high-resolution studies from micro-regions. Overall, the results offered in the volume reveal the extraordinary diversity of migrations

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Book SynopsisTheoretical Approaches in Bioarchaeology emphasizes how several different theoretical perspectives can be used to reconstruct the biocultural experiences of humans in the past.Over the past few decades, bioarchaeology has been transformed through methodological revisions, technological advances, and the inclusion of external theoretical frameworks from the social and natural sciences. These interdisciplinary perspectives became the backbone of bioarchaeology and strengthened the discipline's ability to address questions about past biological and social dynamics. Consequently, how, why, and when to apply external theory to studies of past populations are central and timely questions tied to future developments of the discipline. This book facilitates ongoing dialogues about theoretical applications within the field and interdisciplinary connections between bioarchaeology, biological anthropology, and other disciplines. Each chapter highlights how a theoretical Table of ContentsForeword; Chapter 1 – Theory in Bioarchaeology: An Introduction; Chapter 2 – Embodying Bioarchaeology: Theory and Practice; Chapter 3 – Gender; Chapter 4 – Bioarchaeological Applications of Intersectionality; Chapter 5 – Life Course Approaches and Life History Theory: Synergistic Perspectives for Bioarchaeology; Chapter 6 – Reconstructing Immune Competence in Skeletal Samples: A Theoretical and Methodological Approach; Chapter 7 – Niche Construction Theory in Bioarchaeology; Chapter 8 – Live Through This: Developing a Sustainable Pathway for Resilience Theory in Bioarchaeological Research; Chapter 9 – Structural Violence and Political Economy: Epistemological Considerations for Bioarchaeology; Chapter 10 – Making Silenced Voices Speak: Restoring Neglected and Ignored Identities in Anatomical Collections; Chapter 11 – Theoretical Approaches to Bioarchaeology: The View from Across the Pond; Chapter 12 – Towards a Bioarchaeology beyond Nature and Culture: Potentials and Possibilities in Contemporary Theoretical Bioarchaeology

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the central role of religion in place-making and infrastructural projects in ancient polities. It presents a trilectic approach to archaeological study of religious landscapes that combines Indigenous philosophies with the spatial and semiotic thinking of Lefebvre, Peirce, and proponents of assemblage theories. Case studies from ancient Angkor and the Andes reveal how rituals of place-making activated processes of territorialization and semiosis fundamental to the experience of political worlds that shaped power relations in past societies. The perspectives developed in the book permit a reconstruction of how landscapes were variably conceived, perceived, and lived in the spirit of Henri Lefebvre, and how these registers may have aligned or clashed. In the end, the examination of built environments, infrastructures, and rituals staged within specialized buildings demonstrates how archaeologists can better infer past ontologies, cosmologiTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction; Chapter 2: Excavating the Theoretical Landscape: The Archaeological Search for Significance; Chapter 3: Sublime Infrastructures: Emplacing Ritual, Religion, and Power; Chapter 4: Ceremonial Architecture as Semiotic Machines; Chapter 5: Sacred Infrastructures and Rituals of Place Making in the Ancient Andes; Chapter 6: A Tale of Three Temples: The Changing Religious Landscape of the Southern Jequetepeque Valley, Peru; Chapter 7: Karma Ecologies: Khmer Place-Making, Infrastructures, and Ideologies of Space; Chapter 8: the Āśrama and Hospital Foundations of Ancient Angkor; Chapter 9: Conclusion: Landscapes of History; Index.

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Book SynopsisDrawing on a wide range of social theory, as well as empirical inputs from studies of work, neighbourhoods, events, meeting places and online self-help groups, this book suggests that communal forms are constructed on the basis of communicative, material, biographic-cultural, practice-based, and situational layers. The concept of community has long provided an important point of departure for the discipline of sociology, with the conflicting conceptions of community before and into modernity embodied in Ferdinand TÃnniesâ Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft and in Emile DÃrkheimâs Mechanical and Organic Solidarity, providing the focus for debate. Other contributors have maintained an interest in communities as communions, interactional competencies, symbolic identification, tribal connection, and more recently communication. Drawing on such theoretical contributions, as well as empirical inputs, the authors develop a more nuanced concept of community, based on tTrade Review"In Communal Forms Aksel Tjora and Graham Scambler take us on a sociological journey into the meaning and significance of ‘community’ in the contemporary context. They masterfully traverse and weave together key social theories on this critical topic and draw from an extraordinarily diverse and intriguing series of case studies to illuminate the highly diversified communal forms of the 21st Century. This is a book for our time, where the need to understand the power of community, has never been more acute." - Alex Broom, The University of Sydney, Australia"The question of community becomes relevant anew with each social shift and transformation, and at the heart of this important book lies a concern with the quality of human life. Writing in a clear and engaging manner, Tjora and Scambler investigate the nuances of community as it is theorised and lived. A key strength of the book is the authors’ knack for bringing to life insights from key sociological theories of community with the help of contemporary empirical examples from a rich variety of contexts and settings, including co-working spaces, rock festivals and online self-help groups." - Vanessa May, University of Manchester, UKTable of Contents1. The Phenomenon of Community 2. Community as Solidarity 3. Community as Integration 4. Community as Interaction 5. Community as Identification 6. Community as Communication 7. Community as Work 8. Community as Proximity 9. Community as Possibility

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Book SynopsisAn Archaeology of the Immaterial examines a highly significant but poorly understood aspect of material culture studies: the active rejection of the material world. Buchli argues that this is evident in a number of cultural projects, including anti-consumerism and asceticism, as well as other attempts to transcend material circumstances. Exploring the cultural work which can be achieved when the material is rejected, and the social effects of these âdematerialisationsâ, this book situates the way some people disengage from the world as a specific kind of physical engagement which has profound implications for our understanding of personhood and materiality. Using case studies which range widely in time over Western societies and the technologies of materialising the immaterial, from icons to the scanning tunnelling microscope and 3-D printing, Buchli addresses the significance of immateriality for our own economics, cultural perceptions, and emerging forms of social inclusion and exclusion. An Archaeology of the Immaterial is thus an important and innovative contribution to material cultural studies which demonstrates that the making of the immaterial is, like the making of the material, a profoundly powerful operation which works to exert social control and delineate the borders of the imaginable and the enfranchised. Table of Contents1. Introduction Chapter 2: Immateriality and the Ascetic Object in late Antiquity 3: The Christian Ascetic Object and the Reformation 4. The Reformation 5. The Twentieth Century

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Book SynopsisUntil recently, archaeology was concerned mainly with piecing together the material lives of our ancestors. In this ground-breaking book, master storyteller and respected archaeologist Brian Fagan explains how cutting-edge science can now take us beyond the artifacts,into the mystical realm of shamans and spirit mediums, ancestor worship, and ritual sacrifice. From the Nile''s black land to the Aztec''s world of the Fifth Sun, from Stonehenge to Jericho, Fagan describes how Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Geographic Information Systems, Computer Automated Design-mapping and other sophisticated scientific methods are helping us to decode the religious and spiritual beliefs of our forebears. This new archaeology of the mind blends a wealth of scientific disciplines,from botany, zoology, and geology to neuropsychology, palynology, and nuclear physics. With vivid imagery and a transporting voice, Fagan revolutionizes our understanding of the inner lives of ancient people.Table of Contents* The Archaeology of the Intangible * Dark Caves, Obscure Visions * San Artists in Southern Africa * Fertility and Death * Power and the Ancestors * Avebury: Landscapes of the Ancestors * Stonehenge and the Idea of Time * Two Livings: Agriculture and Religion * The Moundbuilders of Eastern North America * The Bull Beneath the Earth * A Shrine at Phylakopi * Divine Kings Along the Nile * Xunantunich: The Maiden of the Rock * The World of the Fifth Sun * Epilogue

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive guide with detailed explanations, illustrations and photographs of late-7th century to 11th century Anglo-Saxon Churches and stone sculpture. It is divided into four parts.The first part includes an extensive glossary explaining the terms likely to be encountered, it explains Celtic and Roman Church practices and the Synod of Whitby, how Anglo-Saxon churches were established and their plans, and also provides a summary to the settlements of the Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Hiberno-Norse in England. The second part provides a comprehensive description of the construction and architectural features of extant Anglo-Saxon Churches including their walling, plinths and quoining, archways, doorways, windows and belfry-openings of whatever shape or format or wherever their location. It also explains features such as string-courses, pilaster-strips, pilaster-buttresses, hood-moulding and strip-work. Also included are extant Anglo-Saxon stairways and crypts. Expla

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Book SynopsisThe philosophy of Mesoamerica the indigenous groups of precolonial North-Central America is rich and varied but relatively little-known. In this ground-breaking book, Alexus McLeod introduces the philosophical traditions of the Maya, Nahua (Aztecs), Mixtecs, Zapotecs, and others, focussing in particular on their treatment of language, truth, time, creation, personhood, knowledge, and morality. His wide-ranging discussion includes important texts of world literature such as the K''iche Maya Popol Vuh and the Aztec Florentine Codex, as well as precolonial glyphic texts and imagery. This comprehensive and accessible book will give students, specialists and other interested readers an understanding of Mesoamerican philosophy and a sense of the current scholarship in the field.Trade Review'This book arrives at a timely moment, as non-canonical philosophical traditions are getting increased attention. This is an engaging and wide-ranging introduction to one of the least well known of these traditions, Mesoamerican philosophy. McLeod shows that this culture produced challenging and unique perspectives on many central questions in philosophy, including the nature of language, knowledge, and reality itself.' Peter Adamson, University of MunichTable of ContentsIntroduction; The Cultural and Historical Background; 1. The Nature of Philosophy in Mesoamerica; 2. The Nature of Language, Truth and Meaning; 3. Time; 4. Identity, Self and Personhood; 5. Creation and the Gods; 6. Being and Worlds; 7. Knowledge, Seeing; 8. Ethics; Conclusion – Mesoamerican Philosophy and the Contemporary World.

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Book SynopsisThe thoroughly updated second edition of Archaeological Investigation reviews and explains the practices of field archaeology in the world today. Now co-authored by Madeleine Hummler, the bookâs scope has been enlarged in time and space, reaching out to the different methods and strategies applied in both the academic and commercial sectors in diverse terrain on land and under the sea.Archaeological Investigation accompanies the reader on a journey from absolute beginner to professional. Part 1 (Principles) sets the scene for newcomers, showing the axial role of fieldwork in rediscovering the past. Part 2 (In the Field) is aimed at those setting out to collect primary data by the diverse methods of modern survey and excavation. Word pictures on First day in the field and First day on a dig provide friendly introductions to the high-tech enterprise that fieldwork has become. Now fully engaged in the process, newcomers to archaeology are ready, in Part 3 (Writing Up), to

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Book SynopsisArchaeological Networks and Social Interaction focuses on conceptualisations of human interaction, human-thing entanglement, material affordances and agency.Network concepts in the archaeological discipline are ubiquitous these days. They range from loose concepts, used as metaphors to address a notion of connectivity, to highly formal and mathematically complex predictions of human behaviour. These different networked worlds sometimes clash and rarely converge. Archaeologists interested in network analysis, however, have achieved a much better understanding of the implications of adopting formal methods for studying social interaction and there have been theoretical advancements realising a better synergy between different theoretical perspectives. These nascent concerns are explored further in this volume with regional specialists exploring case studies from Prehistory to the Middle Ages throughout the Ancient and New Worlds, outlining how formal network appTable of Contents1. Archaeological networks and social interaction 2. Relational concepts and challenges to network analysis in social archaeology 3. Entangled identities: processes of status construction in late Urnfield burials4. Distributed feasts: reciprocity, hospitality and banquets in Iron Age to Orientalising central and southern Italy 5. Marble networks: social interaction in houses at Pompeii 6. Objects that bind, objects that separate7. A complex beadwork: bead trade and trade beads in Scandinavia ca. 800-1000 AD revisited 8. Social network analysis and the social interactions that define Hopewell 9. Terrestrial communication networks and political agency in Early Iron Age Central Italy (950-500 BCE): a bottom-up approach

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Book SynopsisThis textbook offers a reasoned and accessible introduction to the philosophy of the environment and the current environmental crisis, designed for scholars and students in both philosophy and the natural and environmental sciences.The volume addresses the history and meanings of the concept of environment, provides a theory of the relation between living beings and their environments, and tackles a wide spectrum of key philosophical issues related to the environment and the environmental crisis in a straightforward framework and accessible style. The bookâs unique approach to environmental philosophy addresses the environment of all living beings and extends beyond environmental ethics to include conceptual history and analysis together with insights from evolutionary and developmental biology, ecology, and environmental and conservation sciences. The book consists of five chapters, each built around a specific thesis drawing upon philosophers and concepts including George C

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Book SynopsisThis volume brings together perspectives from different parts of the world that showcase the wide variety of practices, institutions, and ideologies that allowed for shared identities and coordinated actions across broad collectives. It shows that there are many ways that people can work together.How did the worldâs first large-scale collectives come into being? For much of our disciplineâs history, the answer was the state. People learned how to be part of a larger community via political, economic, and social scaffolding that tended to build from earlier ways of living in a region. This scaffolding was often wobbly and always under constructionâits flexibility often a design strength rather than a flaw. This book demonstrate that violence and rulers often played pivotal roles in large-scale collectives, but so did gender complementarity, markets, ritual centers, fictive kinship, and egalitarianism. Earlier evolutionary approaches tended to obscure both the variability and m

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Book SynopsisHANDBOOK OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCES A modern and comprehensive introduction to methods and techniques in archaeology In the newly revised Second Edition of the Handbook of Archaeological Sciences, a team of more than 100 researchers delivers a comprehensive and accessible overview of modern methods used in the archaeological sciences. The book covers all relevant approaches to obtaining and analyzing archaeological data, including dating methods, quaternary paleoenvironments, human bioarchaeology, biomolecular archaeology and archaeogenetics, resource exploitation, archaeological prospection, and assessing the decay and conservation of specimens. Overview chapters introduce readers to the relevance of each area, followed by contributions from leading experts that provide detailed technical knowledge and application examples. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to human bioarchaeology, including hominin evolution and paleopathologyThe use of biomolecular analysis to characterize past environments Novel approaches to the analysis of archaeological materials that shed new light on early human lifestyles and societiesIn-depth explorations of the statistical and computational methods relevant to archaeology Perfect for graduate and advanced undergraduate students of archaeology, the Handbook of Archaeological Sciences will also earn a prominent place in the libraries of researchers and professionals with an interest in the geological, biological, and genetic basis of archaeological studies.Table of ContentsSection 1. Dating Overview Quaternary geochronological frameworks New developments in Radiocarbon dating Dendrochronology and archaeology Trapped charge dating and archaeology U-series dating Archaeomagnetic dating Obsidian hydration dating with SIMS Amino acid dating An introduction to tephrochronology and the correlation of sedimentary sequences using volcanic ash layers Section 2. Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Overview Modelling Quaternary Palaeoclimates Ice core and marine sediment records of Quaternary environmental change Insects as palaeoenvironmental and archaeological indicators Non-marine molluscs as palaeoenvironmental indicators Mammals as palaeoenvironmental indicators Lake and peat records of climate change and archaeology Archaeological soil micromorphology Pollen and macroscopic plant remains as indicators of local and regional environments Environmental controls on human dispersal and adaptation Holocene climate changes and human consequences Section 3. Human Bioarchaeology Overview Hominin evolution Biological distance (normal variation/non-metrical and metrical analysis) Palaeopathology Integrating bioarchaeology and palaeodemography Palaeodiet through stable isotope analysis Palaeomobility through stable isotopes Preserved human bodies Cremated bone Section 4. Biomolecular Archaeology Overview Zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) Archaeological proteomics The use of immunological methods in archaeology Lipids in archaeology Archaeological microbiology Dental calculus The biomolecular archaeology of psychoactive substances Section 5. Archaeogenetics Overview Sex and kinship typing of human archaeological remains Human populations – origins and movement Palaeogenomics of extinct and archaic humans Palaeogenetics and palaeogenomics to study the domestication of animals Domestication of plants Palaeomicrobiology of human infectious diseases Section 6. Biological Resource Exploitation Overview Archaeobotany Human impact on vegetation Zooarchaeology Coprolites/intestinal contents Invertebrates Secondary animal and plant products Section 7. Inorganic Resource Exploitation Overview Lithic exploitation and usewear analysis Ancient binders and pigments Materials analysis of ceramics The archaeometry of glass Mining and resource procurement: methods and approaches to the appropriation of mineral raw materials in past societies Making and using metals Provenancing inorganic materials: biography and mutability Section 8. Archaeological Prospection Overview Approaches to archaeological surface survey Geophysical survey techniques Remote sensing/LIDAR Geochemical prospecting Integrating survey data Section 9. Burial, Decay and Archaeological Conservation Overview Defining the burial environment Metallic corrosion processes and information from corrosion products Post-depositional changes in archaeological ceramics and glass Deterioration of organic materials Diagenetic alterations to vertebrate mineralized tissues Forensic taphonomy Section 10. Statistical and Computational Methods Overview Spatial information in archaeology Multivariate analysis in archaeology The Bayesian inferential paradigm in archaeology Quantification in zooarchaeology and palaeoethno(archaeo)botany The use of kernel density estimates on chemical and isotopic data in archaeology Modelling/Simulations in archaeology Big data in archaeology

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Book SynopsisCultural Heritage and the Future brings together an international group of scholars and experts to consider the relationship between cultural heritage and the future.Drawing on case studies from around the world, the contributing authors insist that cultural heritage and the future are intimately linked and that the development of futures thinking should be a priority for academics, students and those working in the wider professional heritage sector. Until recently, the future has never attracted substantial research and debate within heritage studies and heritage management, and this book addresses this gap by offering a balance of theoretical and empirical content that will stimulate multidisciplinary debate in the burgeoning field of critical heritage studies.Cultural Heritage and the Future questions the role of heritage in future making and will be of great relevance to academics and students working in the fields of museum and heritage Trade Review"This book is … about the various ways to engage with cultural heritage in the light of ‘futures thinking’. Through its carefully selected mix of theoretical and practical case studies, it will undoubtedly become a flagship text for anyone interested in exploring the interconnections between cultural heritage and the future." - Antiquity"The book is illuminating and provides a valuable compendium and a fascinating timeline for the last decade of thinking." - News in Conservation, International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic WorksTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction: Cultural heritage as a futuristic field; Section 1: The future in heritage studies and heritage management; 2. Heritage practices as future-making practices; 3. Heritage, thrift, and our children’s children; 4. Perceptions of the future in preservation strategies (Or: Why Eyssl von Eysselsberg’s body is no longer taken across the lake); 5. The future and management of ICH in China from a legal perspective; Section 2: The future in cultural heritage; 6. Decolonizing the future. Folk art environments and the temporality of heritage; 7. The spectre of non-completion: An archaeological approach to half-built buildings; 8. An archaeology of Cold War armageddonism through the lens of Scientology; 9. Future visions and the heritage of space: Nostalgia for infinity; Section 3: Re-thinking heritage futures; 10. What lies ahead? Nuclear waste as cultural heritage of the future; 11. The future in the past, the past in the future; 12. Radioactive heritage of the future: A legacy of risk; Section 4: Heritage and future-making; 13. Sustainability, intergenerational equity, and pluralism: Can heritage conservation create alternative futures?; 14. Palliative curation and future persistence: Life after death; 15. The future, atemporality, and heritage: "Yesterday´s tomorrow is not today"; 16. Heritages of futures thinking: Strategic foresight and critical futures; 17. Final reflections: The future of heritage

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Book SynopsisMirrors of Salt publishes the proceedings of the First International Congress on the Anthropology of Salt, which took place at the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University in Iasi (Romania). The impact of salt on the development of human communities, from the Neolithic to the present, has generated a huge number of specialized studies. However, scientific research has become so atomized that the primordial importance of the mineral has been lost, creating a need for a holistic, comprehensive vision of the dimensions generated by salt. This can only be achieved through anthropology. The anthropology of salt encompasses the entirety of human behavior, i.e. cognitive, spiritual, pragmatic, and social reactions to salt, and provides a holistic view of its role in the evolution of human communities. The anthropology of salt thus brings salt studies from an ancillary position to an autonomous discipline. The papers in this volume are organized into six sections: theory, archaeology, history, ethnography/ ethnoarchaeology/ethnohistory, linguistics, and literature. Topics include salt in Greek and Roman antiquity, as well as from Cameroon, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Nigeria, Peru, Romania, Spain, Sudan, Syria, Ukraine, the USA and Venezuela. The congress was organized within the project The Ethnoarchaeology of the Salt Springs and Salt Mountains from the Extra-Carpathian Areas of Romania, financed by the Government of Romania (CNCS UEFISCDI) (2011-2016). Its theoretical novelty and geographical range render Mirrors of Salt a unique study of the world's most-used non-metallic mineral.

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Book SynopsisRecycling is a basic anthropological process of humankind. The reutilization of materials or of ideas from the Past is a process determined by various natural or cultural causes. Recycling can be motivated by a crisis or by a complex symbolic cause like the incorporation of the Past into the Present. What archaeology has not insisted upon is the dimensional scale of the process, which operates from the micro-scale of the recycling of the ancestors’ material, up to the macro-scale of the landscape. It is well known that there are direct relations between artefacts and landscapes in what concerns the materiality and mobility of objects. An additional relation between artefact and landscape may be the process of recycling. In many ways artefact and landscape can be considered as one aspect of material culture, perceived at a different scale, since both have the same materiality and suffer the same process of reutilisation. This book invites archaeologists to approach the significant process of recycling within the archaeological record at two different levels: of artefacts and of landscape.Table of ContentsThe Never Ending Journey: Cycling and Recycling Seen through a Critical Assessment of the Taphonomic Process (Roberta Robin Dods); Sustainability, Health, and Society: Prehistoric Artefacts as Sustainable Materials (Lolita Nikolova); Recycling Power and Place: The Many Lives of Traprain Law, SE Scotland (Ian Armit, Andrew Dunwell, Fraser Hunter); Tells as Recycled Places. Experimenting the Chalcolithic Ritual Technologies of Construction and Deconstruction (Dragoş Gheorghiu); Copper and Bronzes: The Birth of Complete Recycling in The Bronze Age (Davide Delfino); Rock Art Recycled? On the Use of Bronze Age Rock Art Sites during the Iron Age in Southern Scandinavia (Per Nilsson); Recycled Memories: The Past and Present in Early Iron Age Landscapes of Southern Germany (Matthew L. Murray); Ancestral Places: The Creation and Recycling of Monumental Landscapes in South-Eastern Slovenia in The 1st Millennium BC and the 1st Millennium AD (Phil Mason); Recycling Pots, Places and Practices: The Roman Cemetery at Podlipoglav (Bernarda Županek and Irena Sivec); Secondary Use of Storage Vessels and Household Pottery During the Late Middle Ages: Pottery in Vaults as a Case Study (Marta Caroscio); The Reuse of Materials during the Medieval and Post-Medieval Periods: A Case Study of Recycling Building Materials in Rothwell, near Leeds, England (George Nash)

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Book SynopsisWriting is not just a set of systems for transcribing language and communicating meaning, but an important element of human practice, deeply embedded in the cultures where it is present and fundamentally interconnected with all other aspects of human life. The Social and Cultural Contexts of Historic Writing Practices explores these relationships in a number of different cultural contexts and from a range of disciplinary perspectives, including archaeological, anthropological and linguistic. It offers new ways of approaching the study of writing and integrating it into wider debates and discussions about culture, history and archaeology.Table of ContentsList of contributors Acknowledgements Abbreviations 1. Introduction: writing practices in socio-cultural context Philip J. Boyes, Philippa M. Steele and Natalia Elvira Astoreca 2. Towards a social archaeology of writing practices Philip J. Boyes 3. The lives of inscribed commemorative objects: the transformation of private personal memory in Mesopotamian temple contexts Nancy Highcock 4. A cognitive archaeology of writing: concepts, models, goals Karenleigh A. Overmann 5. The materiality of the Cretan Hieroglyphic script: textile production-related referents to hieroglyphic signs on seals and sealings from Middle Bronze Age Crete Marie-Louise Nosch and Agata Ulanowska 6. Visual dimensions of Maya hieroglyphic writing: meanings beyond the surface Christian M. Prager 7. Visibility of runic writing and its relation to Viking Age Society Sophie Heier 8. Words beyond writings: how to decrypt the secret writings of the masters of psalmody (Yunnan, China)? Aurélie NévotContents 9. A script ‘good to drink’. The invention of writing systems among the Sora and other tribes of India Cécile Guillaume-Pey 10. Why did people in medieval Java use so many different script variants? A.J. West 11. Cultures of writing: rethinking the ‘spread’ and ‘development’ of writing systems in the Bronze Age Mediterranean Theodore Nash 12. Script, image and culture in the Maya world: a southeastern perspective Kathryn M. Hudson and John S. Henderson 13. Writing and elite status in the Bronze Age Aegean Sarah Finlayson 14. Why με? Personhood and agency in the earliest Greek inscriptions (800–550 BCE) James Whitley 15. Names and authorship in the beginnings of Greek alphabetic writing Natalia Elvira Astoreca 16. Marking identity through graphemes? A new look at the Sikel arrow-shaped alpha Olga Tribulato and Valentina Mignosa Bibliography

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Book SynopsisNetwork theory and methodologies have become central to exploring and explaining social, economic and political relationships and connections in past societies. However, in archaeology, the deployment of networks has sometimes been more descriptive than analytical. Methodologies have often depended upon underlying assumptions which inevitably simplify relationships that were complex and multi-faceted. However, the fragmentary, heterogenous and usually proxy data we possess are not always amenable to reconstructing that complexity.In ancient societies, we must infer the movement of knowledge about 'how to make things' largely from objects themselves. This is because we usually lack direct evidence of the human relationships that entwined people with objects and their makers, and hence have only imperfect understanding of the full range of diverse factors that shaped the relationships that constituted these networks.The chapters in this volume aim to interrogate the interpretative potential of network concepts for understanding the movement over time and space of ideas about making, using and moving things through a range of archaeological case studies, which reveal both functional and dysfunctional relationships. The purpose is to consider how more broadly contextualised and multi-faceted studies can both enhance, and be enhanced by, network and related approaches. The volume contributes to the search for greater understanding of the movement and transmission of knowledge (or in some cases their absence), and to debates about how best to expand the utility of network concepts and approaches.Table of ContentsList of illustrations Author biographies Introduction Lin Foxhall 1. Materiality, methodologies and the agency of things in archaeological networks Lin Foxhall 2. Zeitgeist: materialised worldviews in archaeology Susanne Hakenbeck, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury and Roderick B. Salisbury 3. From systems of power to networks of knowledge: the nature of El Argar culture (southeastern Iberia, c. 2200–1500 BC) Borja Legarra Herrero 4. The breakdown of knowledge: people and pottery at the Bronze Age tell at Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary Joanna Sofaer 5. Connecting the world of the Bronze Age Anthony Harding 6. Innovation through recoil from networks Julie Hruby 7. Networks and assemblages: a view from Archaic Sicily Carla M. Antonaccio Index

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Book SynopsisArchaeoastronomy and archaeology are two distinct fields of study which examine the cultural aspect of societies, but from different perspectives. Archaeoastronomy seeks to discover how the impact of the skyscape is materialised in culture, by alignments to celestial events or sky-based symbolism; yet by contrast, archaeology's approach examines all aspects of culture, but rarely considers the sky. Despite this omission, archaeology is the dominant discipline while archaeoastronomy is relegated to the sidelines. The reasons for archaeoastronomy’s marginalised status may be found by assessing its history. For such an exploration to be useful, archaeoastronomy cannot just be investigated in a vacuum but must be contextualised by exploring other contemporaneous developments, particularly in archaeology. On the periphery of both, there are various strands of esoteric thought and pseudoscientific theories which paint an alternative view of monumental remains and these also play a part in the background.The discipline of archaeology has had an unbroken lineage from the late 19th-century to the present. On the other hand, archaeoastronomy has not been consistently titled, having adopted various different names such as alignment studies, orientation theory, astro-archaeology, megalithic science, archaeotopography, archaeoastronomy and cultural astronomy: names which depict variants of its methods and theory, sometimes in tandem with those of archaeology and sometimes in opposition. Similarly, its academic status has always been unclear, so to bring it closer to archaeology there was a proposal in 2015 to integrate archaeoastronomy research with that of archaeology and call it skyscape archaeology. This volume examines how all these different variants came about and consider archaeoastronomy's often troubled relationship with archaeology and its appropriation by esotericism, to shed light on its position today.Table of Contents1. Introduction: contesting the past 2. Antiquarianism: the longue durée 3. The emergence of archaeoastronomical thought 4. ‘The great subject of orientation’ 5. Lines in the landscape 6. ‘God in the machine’ 7. Megalithic science 8. New World archaeoastronomy 9. A turning point for British archaeoastronomy 10. Archaeoastronomy and cultural astronomy in Europe 11. Archaeoastronomy in the 21st century 12. Final Thoughts Glossary Bibliography

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Book SynopsisDress is at the core of dance. It adorns dancers, defines various roles and forms symbolic expressions that, for example, either bind people together or opposes them. It is a communicative tool that gives crucial information for understanding the dance as well as the culture and the sociological effects of a group of people. As such, dress transcends how it is seen visually to address what is being communicated. Nonetheless, studies in ancient dance have rarely taken clothing into consideration.This volume provides new perspectives and insights on ancient dances and their ancient textiles. Comprehension of ancient dance benefits from investigations undertaken through the lens of dress, and research on ancient dress is understood through its relation to body movement and performative rituals, thus reinforcing the progressive integration of an anthropological and sociological dimension into historical analysis of ancient textiles. For the first time, the two-way transfer of knowledge between dance studies and costume studies is connected via an innovative approach. Among the issues that are specifically addressed are the movement design of dress for dance, its sensory experience, gender and identity, re-enactment and reception.The chronological range of the book is focused on the ancient world (3rd-millennium BC to 5th-century AD), with a broad geographical definition in order to promote a comparative, interdisciplinary approach and cross-cultural dialogue.Table of ContentsIntroduction Audrey Gouy Practicalities 1. Practical Perspectives on Dance and Clothing Elizabeth J. W. Barber Movement and Design 2. Dancing in flames - fabulous designs from the desert sands. Reconstructing the east Central Asien skirts’ construction secret Ulrike Beck 3. The whirling dance of Baukis: reinterpreting our sources Elena Miramontes Seijas 4. Dance and Metatheatre in Menander’s Theophoroumene Evangelia Keramari Embodiment and Communication 5. The unhellenic attire of choruses as image of the ‘other’ in ancient Greek tragedy Leonidas Papadopoulos. 6. The Dress of the dancing Lares Alexandra Sofroniew 7. Dance and Clothing in Ancient Egypt ‒ the Earliest Evidence Heidi Köpp-Junk Cognition and Sensory Experience 8. Soft cloth and sounding jewellery – sound fields of rich women in Eastern Hallstatt Culture Karina Grömer and Beate Maria Pomberger 9. Flowing White Dresses for Dancing Initiates in the Mysteries of Eleusis Aikaterini-Iliana Rassia 10. Fashioning Sensescapes through Ancient Egyptian Dance Jordan Galczynski and Robyn Price Images and Metaphors 11. Dancing around the Goddess’ dress Angela Bellia 12. ‘Wearing’ tattoos in Ancient Egypt. Evidence from Middle Kingdom mummies and feminine figurines Vittoria Rapisarda Modern Reception 13. Egyptologist Dancers – Re-enacting ‘Ancient Egyptian’ Dances at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Gerrit Berenike Heiter

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Book SynopsisRenowned archaeologist, Dale Serjeantson, tells the story of human engagement with birds from the end of the last Ice Age to around AD 1650. In this book, she integrates the study of archaeological bird remains with ethnography and the history of birds and avian biology. It identifies changing patterns of wetland, water bird and game species through time, and in addition to their food value, examines our changing interactions with them. This includes considering evidence for use of bird body parts in religious rituals; taboos, totemism and superstitions surrounding eating certain species; their capture and role in falconry and as companion animals; and their importance in the economy from the Viking period onwards. Essential reading for archaeologists, zooarchaeologists, and historians, it is an eye-opening, accessible introduction to the archaeology of wild birds in Britain and Ireland for anyone interested in our natural history.Trade ReviewThis book is a must read for anyone with an interest in the ornithological history of Britain and Ireland. * Birdbooker Report *Table of Contents1. Introduction 2. Ravens and crows 3. Raptors and owls 4. Fenland birds 5. Game birds 6. Waders 7. Songbirds 8. Ducks, geese, and swans 9. Pigeons 10. Seabirds 11. Gannets and cormorants 12. Auks and gulls 13. Hawks and hawking 14. Changing roles and perceptions Appendix: list of assemblages referred to in the text with bibliographic reference Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAncient states were rooted in agriculture, sedentism and population growth. They were fragile and prone to collapse, but there is no consensus on the causes or meaning of collapse, and there is an ongoing debate about the importance, nature and even existence of state-wide collapse. Explanations of collapse in terms of the competing mono-causal factors are found inferior to those incorporating dynamic, interactive systems. It is proposed that collapse should be explained as failure to fulfil the ancient state’s core functions: assurance of food supplies, defence against external attack, maintenance of internal peace, imposition of its will throughout its territory, enforcement of state-wide laws, and promotion of an ideology to legitimise the political and social status quo. To fulfil these functions certain necessary conditions must be met. The legitimacy of the political and social status quo, including the distribution of political power and wealth, needs to be accepted; the state should be able to extract sufficient resources to fulfil its functions such as defence; it must be able to enforce its decisions; the ruling elite should share a common purpose and actions; the society needs to reflect a shared spirit (asibaya) and purpose across elites and commoners who believe it is worthy of defence. Weaknesses and failure to meet any condition can interact to exacerbate the situation: maladministration, corruption and elite preoccupation with self-aggrandisement can induce fiscal weakness, reduced military budgets and further invasion; it can induce neglect of key infrastructures (especially water management). Inequality, a commonly neglected factor despite ancient texts, can erode asibaya and legitimacy and alienate commoners from the defence of the state. These themes are explored in relation to the Egyptian Old Kingdom, Mycenae, the Western Roman Empire (WRE), and the Maya. They all exhibit, to varying degrees, weaknesses in meeting the above conditions necessary for stability.Table of ContentsI - Introduction: meaning, origins, fragility and collapse of states II - The dysfunctional state III - Egyptian Old Kingdom IV - Mycenaean palace states V - Western Roman Empire VI - Classic Maya VI - Inequality VII - Summary and conclusions Bibliography

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Book SynopsisWith the right methods, studying the ancient world can be as engaging as it is informative. Many K-12 teachers, university instructors, and museum educators use hands-on, project-based, and experiential activities in their classes to increase student engagement and learning. This book aims to bring together such pedagogical methods and teaching activities about the ancient world for any educator to use. The teaching activities in this book are designed in a cookbook format so that educators can replicate these teaching "recipes” (which include materials, budget, preparation time, levels of students) in their ancient art, archaeology, social studies, and history classes. They can be implemented online or in-person, in schools, universities, libraries, museums, or at home. Find out more about the book and the contributors at: https://pinardurgunpd.wixsite.com/teachancientTrade ReviewAn Educator’s Handbook for Teaching about the Ancient World is an exciting gift to ancient history teachers of all age groups (primary through post-secondary) looking for new ideas for hands-on, curiosity-sparking lessons. -- Erika M. Jeck * Rhea Classical Reviews *Table of ContentsEditor’s Note and Acknowledgements ; SECTION 1: Pedagogical Essays ; Introduction: Why Should We Teach and Learn about the Ancient World? – Pınar Durgun ; Activating the Ancient World with Museum Collections – Jen Thum ; Dig Doodles: Teaching Archaeology through Accessible Illustration – Hannah M. Herrick ; Open Access to Ancient Worlds: Why Open Practices Matter – Alena Buis ; Inspiring Student Motivation through Multimodal Learning – Robyn Price ; Tools for Digital Pedagogy and the Ancient World – Caroline Arbuckle MacLeod ; Collaborative Archaeology in the U.S.: Research Experiences from the American Southwest as Pedagogy – Nicholas C. Laluk and Mark R. Agostini ; SECTION 2: Teaching Activities ; Food and Agriculture ; Identifying Centers of Domestication – Christopher W. Jones ; Life on the Farm: How Can We Reconstruct Past Agricultural Choices? – Jennifer Bates ; Art, Crafts, Materials, and Makers ; Signed, Sealed, Delivered: Carving and Using Seals – Erhan Tamur and Pınar Durgun ; Carving Ancient Egyptian Reliefs – Jen Thum ; Making Lions at Babylon – Anastasia Amrhein and Elizabeth Knott ; Ancient Greek Vase Painting: Production and Conservation – Maggie Beeler, Sarah Barack, Beth Edelstein, and Chelsea A.M. Gardner ; Roman Portraiture: #veristic #classicizing – Alena Buis ; Architecture ; How and Why Did Babylonians use Quicklime? – Sandra Heinsch, Walter Kuntner, and Wilfrid Allinger-Csollich Heinsch ; Playing Architect: Designing Ancient Structures – Carl Walsh ; The Iron Age House of Graham Crackers – Cynthia Shafer-Elliott ; Language, Writing, and Texts ; How Were Clay Tablets Made and How Does Cuneiform Work? – Sara Mohr and Willis Monroe ; Writing a Cuneiform Letter – Klaus Wagensonner ; Multi-lingualism: What Language Should We Choose? – Kathryn McConaughy Medill ; Rosetta Stone – Christian Casey ; Tabula Rasa: Experiencing the Roman Wax Tablet – Nathalie Roy ; Creating Personalized Anthologies Using Primary Sources – Victoria Pichugina ; Religion, Myth, Medicine, and Magic ; The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Value of Friendship – Leticia Rovira and Cecilia Molla ; What’s Up Doc? Diagnosing & Treating Illness in Antiquity – Chelsea A.M. Gardner and Maggie Beeler ; Demon Traps! Making Late Antique Incantation Bowls – Helen Dixon ; Council of Nicaea – Nicholas Cross ; Gender and Identity ; Dolls and Archaeological Interpretation – Tine Rassalle ; Figurine Out Ancient Identities – Anastasia Amrhein ; Build Your Own Exhibition: Women at the Dawn of History – Elizabeth Knott, Agnete W. Lassen, and Klaus Wagensonner ; Games, Warfare, and Politics ; How and Why Was the Royal Game of Ur Played? – Shane M. Thompson ; Reenacting the Battle of Kadesh – Stephanie Selover ; Imperialism and Rebellion on the Roman Frontier: Boudicca’s Revolt – Gabriel Moss and Peter Raleigh ; How Were Mesoamerican Ball Games Played? – Shane M. Thompson and Carl Walsh ; Death and Burial ; Plastered Skulls and Commemoration – Pınar Durgun ; Curating a Digital Egyptian Necropolis – Caroline Arbuckle MacLeod ; Humanizing Roman History and Tragedy – Anna Accettola ; Archaeological and Digital Methodologies ; Vessel Forms and Functions – Shannon Martino ; Ethnographic Boat Recording – Sarah Ward and Ying Ying YAN ; Introduction to 2D Underwater Survey – Sarah Ward and Peter Holt ; Virtual Museum Exhibit: Humanizing the Past in the Present – Nadia Ben-Marzouk ; Podcast for Public Engagement – Nadia Ben-Marzouk and Danielle Candelora ; APPENDIX: Handouts, Translations, Examples, and Extra Materials for Printing ; Identifying the Origins of Agriculture ; Life on the Farm: How Can We Reconstruct Past Agricultural Choices? ; Signed, Sealed, Delivered: Carving and Using Seals (activity in Turkish) ; Carving an Egyptian Relief ; Making Lions at Babylon ; Roman Portraiture: #veristic #classicizing ; How Were Clay Tablets Made and How Does Cuneiform Work? ; Writing a Cuneiform Letter ; Rosetta Stone ; The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Value of Friendship (activity in Spanish) ; What’s Up Doc? Diagnosing & Treating Illness in Antiquity ; Build Your Own Exhibition: Women at the Dawn of History ; Reenacting the Battle of Kadesh ; Plastered Skulls and Commemoration (activity in Turkish) ; Ethnographic Boat Recording (materials in English and activity in Mandarin) ; Introduction to 2D Underwater Survey (materials in English and activity in Mandarin) ; Virtual Museum Exhibit: Humanizing the Past in the Present ; Podcast for Public Engagement

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Book SynopsisNato dall'esigenza di fornire a giovani ricercatori e professionisti un'opportunità di mettersi alla prova e mostrare i propri lavori, Spring Archaeology è un viaggio attraverso le molte sfaccettature dell'archeologia in Italia, un paese ricco di storia e innovazione. L'evento, promosso da un gruppo di studenti e archeologi provenienti dall'Università degli Studi di Siena (IT) e ri-organizzato online a causa delle restrizioni imposte dall'emergere della pandemia da Covid-19, ha visto la partecipazione di studenti con vari livelli di formazione, dalla laurea triennale al titolo di dottorato, liberi professionisti, istituzioni museali e associazioni culturali. Papers e posters presentati si articolano attorno a cinque temi principali: l'applicazione di nuove tecnologie all'archeologia, lo studio della cultura materiale, progetti di archeologia pubblica, progressi nelle ricerche e riflessioni metodologiche. Gli autori, sia italiani impegnati all'estero che stranieri impegnati in Italia, hanno presentato casi studio dalla preistoria al medioevo, principalmente dall'area mediterranea. Questi atti di convegno includono 29 papers, 22 presentazioni di posters e una sintesi della tavola rotonda conclusiva, centrata sullo stato attuale dell'archeologia in Italia e sui suoi possibili futuri sviluppi.Table of ContentsDUE PAROLE PER UN INVITO ALLA LETTURA – Prof. Stefano Moscadelli ; SPRING ARCHAEOLOGY 2020: DAL CONVEGNO IN PRESENZA AL CONVEGNO ONLINE – Andrea Bellotti, Luca Luppino, Maria Messineo, Mickey Scarcella ; Sezione I: Archeologia e Nuove Tecnologie ; INTRODUZIONE – Giulio Poggi ; Papers ; DOCUMENTARE I MONUMENTI IN ARCHEOLOGIA: IL CASO DI VILLA SAN MARCO A CASTELLAMMARE DI STABIA (NA) – Dario Saggese ; L’IDENTITÀ NEL FRAMMENTO: RICONOSCIMENTO DEL TAXON ATTRAVERSO L’IMPRONTA PEPTIDICA NEL SITO ANTICO E MEDIO OLOCENICO DI TAKARKORI (LIBIA) – Martina Di Matteo, Francesca Alhaique, Wim Van Neer, Savino di Lernia ; LA DOMUS IN PIAZZA. STRUMENTI DIGITALI PER LO STUDIO E LA VALORIZZAZIONE DI UN CONTESTO ARCHEOLOGICO URBANO – Eleonora Delpozzo ; METODI INTEGRATI PER IL CONTROLLO CRONOSTRATIGRAFICO E L’INTERPRETAZIONE DI STRUTTURE IN PIETRA. UN ESEMPIO DAL SITO DI TAKARKORI, LIBIA SUD-OCCIDENTALE – Olivier Scancarello ; PERCEPIRE L’INVISIBILE NEL PAESAGGIO ARCHEOLOGICO. IL CASO STUDIO DI TELESIA (BN) – Davide Mastroianni ; RICOSTRUIRE PER QUANTIFICARE: LA FORNACE DEI DOMITII DI MUGNANO IN TEVERINA – Claudia Sorrentino ; Posters ; AUTOMATIC IMAGE COLORIZATION: L’INTELLIGENZA ARTIFICIALE APPLICATA ALL’ARCHEOLOGIA FUNERARIA – Anna Lucia Rivieri ; CELLA TRICORA DI DAGALA DEL RE (CT) – Roberta Faro ; SIMULAZIONE DELLA RISPOSTA ALLE SOLLECITAZIONI SISMICHE DI UN EDIFICIO DI XII-XIII SECOLO A POGGIO BONIZIO – Devid Savegnago ; TOPOGRAFIA ARCHEOLOGICA DI CORBETTA E ALBAIRATE (MI): METODI TRADIZIONALI E NUOVE TECNOLOGIE – Alberto Massari ; UN’IPOTESI RICOSTRUTTIVA PER L’AUGUSTEUM DI ROSELLE – Caterina Grassi ; Sezione II: Comunicazione e Valorizzazione ; INTRODUZIONE – Francesco Ripanti ; PAPERS ; ARCHEOLOGIA ACCESSIBILE – UN CASO STUDIO DALLA SARDEGNA – Mattia Cogoni, Michela Scano, Federico Porcedda ; DALLA RICERCA ALLA DIVULGAZIONE, DALLA DIDATTICA ALLA COMUNICAZIONE: IL CASO STUDIO DELLO SCAVO PALAFITTICOLO DEL LUCONE DI POLPENAZZE – Marco Baioni, Elisa Zentilini, Daniele Mittica ; ITINERARI DEL ROMANICO TRA VERBANO, OSSOLA E GOLFO BORROMEO. CONOSCERE E VALORIZZARE UN PATRIMONIO COMUNE – Eleonora Casarotti, Chiara Ribolla ; L’APPLICAZIONE STRIBAR PER LA COMUNICAZIONE E VALORIZZAZIONE DEL SITO ARCHEOLOGICO FUNERARIO DI STRIBUGLIANO (GR). LE TECNOLOGIE DIGITALI PER UNA FRUIZIONE DEL SITO AUTONOMA ED IMMERSIVA DEI PUBBLICI – Francesca Prestipino ; MARGINALITÀ COME OPPORTUNITÀ. RICERCA E VALORIZZAZIONE NELLE AREE RURALI DEL TERRITORIO SIRACUSANO – Antonino Cannata, Valeria Platania ; USCIRE DAL SILENZIO DELIBERATO DEL DATO ARCHEOLOGICO ATTRAVERSO LA DIVULGAZIONE SCIENTIFICA. COME SI COMUNICA IL PASSATO ALL’ARCHEODROMO DI POGGIBONSI (SI) – Federica Foresi ; POSTERS ; ARCHEOLOGIA E COMUNITÀ: IL GONNOSTRAMATZA PROJECT – Marco Cabras, Cristina Concu ; ELINI PAESE MUSEO: DALL’IDEA PROGETTUALE ALLA VALORIZZAZIONE DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE LOCALE – Federico Porcedda ; SMART INNOVATION E PATRIMONIO CULTURALE: UNA “PIAZZA DIGITALE” PER SANT’AVENDRACE, UN QUARTIERE PERIFERICO DI CAGLIARI (SARDEGNA) – Giulia Porceddu ; Sezione III: Cultura Materiale ; INTRODUZIONE – Chiara De Marco ; PAPERS ; ANALISI INTRODUTTIVA DELLA CERAMICA ISLAMICA DALLO SCAVO ARCHEOLOGICO DI DŪMAT AL-ĞANDAL – Simona Berardino ; GLI STRUMENTI DA ESTRAZIONE IN PIETRA DELLA MINIERA DI CINABRO NEOLITICA DEL POGGIO DI SPACCASASSO (ALBERESE-GR) – Andrea Terziani ; INDAGINI ARCHEOLOGICHE IN PALAZZO MAGGI GAMBARA A BRESCIA: TESTIMONIANZE CERAMICHE TARDOANTICHE E ASSOCIAZIONI DI VASELLAME DI PRIMA ETÀ LONGOBARDA – Beatrice Bellicini, Chiara Pupella ; LA CERAMICA DA UN SILOS DI STOCCAGGIO NELLA CASA DELLE ANFORE A MARSILIANA D’ALBEGNA (MANCIANO, GR) – Sara Rojo Muñoz ; PRAEDIA PHILIPPIANORUM. UN ALLEVAMENTO DI CAVALLI NELLA SICILIA TARDO ANTICA – Antonina Arena ; RAINING STONES. PROIETTILI LITICI E PLUMBEI NEL SALENTO TARDO ELLENISTICO – Carlo De Mitri ; POSTERS ; CONSIDERAZIONI SUI MATERIALI DELLA TOMBA DEI GIGANTI DI SAN COSIMO (GONNOFANADIGA – SU): POSSIBILI INDICATORI DI CONTATTI EXTRAINSULARI – Gioia Concas ; Sezione IV: Scavo e Ricerca ; INTRODUZIONE – Stefano Bertoldi ; PAPERS ; ATLANTE DELLE TECNICHE MURARIE NEL BIELLESE. MATERIALI E TECNICHE COSTRUTTIVE NEI SECOLI XI-XIV – Sara Roberto ; IL CONTRIBUTO DEI RESTI ANIMALI ALLA COMPRENSIONE DELL’EVOLUZIONE SOCIOECONOMICA DEL SITO DI MIRANDUOLO (CHIUSDINO, SI) – Lisa Dall’Olio ; IL POPOLAMENTO RURALE DELL’OLTREPÒ PAVESE: QUATTRO CASI STUDIO – Lorenzo Radaelli ; L’ETÀ DEL BRONZO SULL’ALTOPIANO DEL GOLLEI – Lorenzo Bonazzi, Smeralda Riggio, Barbara Valdinoci ; LA PIANURA VERONESE TRA BRONZO FINALE E PRIMA ETÀ DEL FERRO: DINAMICHE DEL POPOLAMENTO E ORGANIZZAZIONE DEL TERRITORIO – Andrea Giunto ; PROBLEMI DI DATAZIONE E STUDIO PRELIMINARE DELLO SCAFO DELLA NAVE A – PISA SAN ROSSORE – Cristina Laurenti ; POSTERS ; I MOSAICI DELLA DOMUS DI CARSULAE – Alessandra De Nardo ; LA FELIX TEMPORUM REPARATIO A TUSCANIA. RISULTATI PRELIMINARI DI UNA RICOGNIZIONE SUPERFICIALE IN LOCALITÀ MARRUCHETO – TUSCANIA (VT) – Alessandro Tizi ; LA VITIS VINIFERA L. IN ETÀ NURAGICA. NUOVE ACQUISIZIONI DELLA RICERCA SCIENTIFICA – Giulia Marotto ; LE SEPOLTURE FRA NEOLITICO ANTICO E MEDIO-INIZIALE IN PUGLIA E BASILICATA ORIENTALE – Cleo Barbafiera ; MERCATO DI MORTE. LORENZO VALERI, SPEZIALE DI TOSCANELLA-TUSCANIA, E IL COMMERCIO DI REPERTI ARCHEOLOGICI NELL'OTTOCENTO – Alessandro Tizi ; OFFICINE SULLA RIVA: NUOVI DATI DI ETÀ TARDO MEDIEVALE E MODERNA DALL’ISOLA DI TORCELLO (VE) – Jacopo Paiano, Martina Bergamo ; POMPEI, INSULA IX.5: RICOSTRUZIONE DEI RINVENIMENTI ATTRAVERSO LA DOCUMENTAZIONE D’ARCHIVIO – Federica Ciminelli ; PRATICHE DI SEPPELLIMENTO RITUALI ED ANOMALE NELLA PREISTORIA – Luca Bianchi ; TESTIMONIANZE ARCHEOLOGICHE DELLA GUERRA: CASI DI STUDIO DAL MONDO GRECO ANTICO – Roberto Domenico Melfi, Chrysanthi Kourta ; UN EDIFICIO TERMALE DAL SITO DI VIGNALE (LI) – Jacopo Scoz ; Sezione V: Teoria e Metodo ; INTRODUZIONE – Rossella Pansini ; PAPERS ; IMPORT-EXPORT NELL’AREA IONICO-ADRIATICA IN ETÀ TARDOANTICA E ALTOMEDIEVALE. L’EVOLUZIONE COMMERCIALE ATTRAVERSO L’ANALISI DI DUE CASI STUDIO: LE CITTÀ LAGUNARI DI ORIKUM (ALBANIA) E SALAPIA (ITALIA) – Sara Loprieno ; LE DOMUS DELL’ETRURIA ROMANA (PROVINCE DI SIENA, AREZZO, GROSSETO). ASPETTI STRUTTURALI, SOCIALI E URBANISTICI – Anna Lidia Pugni ; METODOLOGIA DI STUDIO DI UN EDIFICIO ATTRAVERSO L’ANALISI DELLE MALTE DI ALLETTAMENTO E RIVESTIMENTO. IL CASO DELLE TERME ACHILLIANE DI CATANIA – Lucrezia Longhitano ; OLTRE IL RICICLO. ANALISI DEL BUTTO DEL CASTELLO DI MIRANDUOLO (CHIUSDINO, SI) – Carla Palmas ; PROGETTO MEDIA VALLE DEL CEDRINO: UNA METODOLOGIA PER LA RICOGNIZIONE – Lorenzo Bonazzi, Arianna Gaspari, Alessia Grandi, Smeralda Riggio ; POSTERS ; ASPETTI METODOLOGICI DELLO SCAVO DELL’ABITATO DELL’ETÀ DEL BRONZO DI SOLAROLO (RA) – Francesca Barchiesi ; NYMPHAEA ROMANA: ANALISI DI UNA SCENOGRAFIA D’ACQUA FRA FORME E CONTESTI – Angela Bosco ; ARCHEOLOGIA IN ITALIA: STATO DELL'ARTE E PROSPETTIVE DI SVILUPPO

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Book SynopsisThe Past as Digital Playground: Archaeology, Virtual Reality, and Video Games collects the contributions to a two-day conference which illustrate a digital project developed at the Archaeological and Technological Park of Poggibonsi (Siena, Tuscany), where Virtual Reality and an educational video game are being used to enhance the archaeological content deriving from the excavation of the medieval site. In recent decades, digital technologies have pervaded every aspect of the production of archaeological knowledge, from data collection to analysis and interpretation, to interaction with the public. The increasing convenience of 3D and interactive technologies has led to a proliferation of digital tools (VR, AR, mobile applications) used to communicate the past in a more engaging way, offering the public an experience that takes place largely outside of the traditional channels. Alongside the experience at Poggibonsi, the book also gathers important contributions originating from other Italian and international case studies in the fields of digital technologies applied to archaeological heritage.Table of ContentsIndice ; Introduzione – Stefano Bertoldi, Samanta Mariotti ; (Re)living Vindolanda: Designing Educational Computer Games for Outdoor Environments – Barbara Birley, Richard Davison, Claire Stocks ; Virtual Neapolis. Un’esperienza di visita immersiva in VR per le vie di Napoli – Francesco Gabellone, Maria Chiffi ; Virtual tour di Poggio Bonizio: teoria, tecnologia e applicazioni dalla grafica 3d alla VR – Stefano Bertoldi ; Designing video games for history classrooms – Juan Hiriart ; Archeologia, interazione, gioco: come il digitale ha mutato la disciplina. L’osservatorio di Archeovirtual – Augusto Palombini ; Hold the Hut, il progetto di valorizzazione della capanna arcaica di San Chirico Nuovo (Potenza, Basilicata) – Sabrina Mutino, Lucia Colangelo, Michele Scioscia ; A video game for the Archaeological Park of Poggibonsi (Italy). Towards new promotional and educational trends: potentials, challenges, and perspectives – Samanta Mariotti ; Tavola rotonda moderata da Stefano Bertoldi – Marco Valenti, Nicola Berti, Federico Salzotti, Maurizio Amoroso ; La “fine” ed un nuovo inizio: il Metaverso in archeologia – Stefano Bertoldi, Samanta Mariotti

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Book SynopsisCritical approaches to public archaeology have been in use since the 1980s, however only recently have archaeologists begun using critical theory in conjunction with public archaeology to challenge dominant narratives of the past. This volume brings together current work on the theory and practice of critical public archaeology from Europe and the United States to illustrate the ways that implementing critical approaches can introduce new understandings of the past and reveal new insights on the present. Contributors to this volume explore public perceptions of museum interpretations as well as public archaeology projects related to changing perceptions of immigration, the working classes, and race.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisWho were the Vikings, and do they deserve their unsavoury reputation? Through over 100 primary source documents, this fascinating collection weighs the cultural importance and lasting influence of the Vikings.Trade Review"The third edition of [The Viking Age] is a substantial enlargement and update." -- D.J. Shepherd * CHOICE *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter One: The Scandinavian Homelands 1. The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan 2. A Description of the Islands of the North Chapter Two: Scandinavian Society 3. The Lay of Rig (Rígsþula) 4. Politics in Harald Finehair’s Norway 5. Hoskuld Buys a Slave 6. Slave Revolts (a) Hjorleif's Slaves Revolt (b) A Slave Revolt in Egil's Saga 7. How the Hersir Erling Treated His Slaves Chapter Three: Early Religion and Belief 8. The Norse Creation-Myth 9. Ragnarok: The Doom of the Gods 10. Odin Welcomes Eirik Bloodax to Valhalla 11. Odin Hangs on Yggdrasil 12. Odin and Human Sacrifice (a) The Death of King Vikar (b) The Deaths of Domaldi and Olaf Tretelgja 13. Sigurd, the Earl of Lade, Sacrifices to the Gods 14. The Temple at Uppsala 15. A Temple in Iceland 16. Norse Funeral Practices (a) Snorri’s History of Burial Practices (b) Odin Orders Cremation and Becomes a God (c) The Death of Baldur the Good (d) Gunnar’s Burial Mound 17. The Living Dead (a) Gunnar’s Posthumous Poem (b) Grettir’s Fight with Glam Chapter Four: Gender in the Viking Age 18. Manly Men (a) Gunnar Weeps (b) The Death of Gunnar (c) Egil and Armod 19. Unmanly Men (a) Deadly Insults from Grágás (b) A Flyting between Sinfjotli and Gudmund (c) Egil in Old Age 20. Strong Women (a) Unn the Deep-Minded Takes Control of Her Life (b) The Goading of Hildigunn (c) The Prowess of Freydis, Daughter of Eirik the Red 21. Mothers and Sons (a) Gudrun Drives Her Sons to Take Revenge (b) Gudrun Osvifrsdottir's Incitement of Her Sons 22. Making and Breaking Marriages (a) Betrothals from the Sagas (i) The Betrothal of Olaf Hoskuldsson (ii) How Unn Mordsdottir Found Herself Betrothed (b) Divorces from the Sagas (i) How Gudrun Divorced Thorvald (ii) Vigdis Divorces Thord Goddi 23. Women's Work (a) Housework in Laxdale Saga (b) Magical Women (i) The Greenland Prophetess (ii) A Phallic Ritual: Passing the Penis 24. Men and Women Behaving Badly (a) Queen Gunnhild Has Her Way with Hrut (b) Gisli Sursson Defends the Family Honor (c) On the Penalties for Poetry (d) Hallfred the Troublesome Poet and Kolfinna (e) Grettir the Strong Puts a Woman in Her Place 25. Same-Sex Encounters (a) Penitential of Saint Thorlak (b) Civil Penalties in Early Norwegian Law (c) Njal Gives a Garment to Flosi (d) King Harold Formsson and the Land-Spirits (e) Gisli Sursson Fights Skeggi the Berserk 26. Gender Instability: Trans-Gender and Gender-Shifting (a) From Gulathing Law: On Seriously Insulting Speech (b) Odin's Wisdom and Arts (c) From Loki's Flyting (Lokasenna) (d) Loki and Svadilfari: loki's Adventure as a Mare 27. Cross-Dressing (a) Thor as a Bride (b) How Aud Dealt wih Her Humiliating Divorce Chapter Five: Viking Warriors and Their Weapons 28. The Accomplishments of a Viking Warrior (a) Earl Rognvald Kali on Being a Gentleman (b) Gunnar Hamundarson, the Ideal Warrior (c) Olaf Tryggvason, King of Norway 29. Warrior Women (a) A Warrior Woman (b) The Waking of Angantýr (The Lay of Hervor, Hervarakviða) 30. Valkyries (a) Helgi and Sigrun I (b) Helgi and Sigrun II (c) Brynhild's Helride 31. Berserkers and the Berserk Rage (a) Odin’s Berserks (b) Egil Skallagrimsson Fights a Berserk 32. Weapons (a) King Magnus Barelegs Dresses to Kill (b) The Sword Skofnung (i) Hrolf Kraki and Skofnung (ii) Skeggi and Skofnung (iii) Kormak and Skofnung (iv) Thorkel Eyolfsson and Skofnung (v) Gellir Thorkelsson and Skofnung (c) Saint Olaf’s Sword, Hneitir Chapter Six: Fjord-Serpents: Viking Ships 33. King Olaf Tryggvason Builds the Long Serpent 34. Harald Sigurdarson’s Splendid Ship 35. Animal Heads on the Prows of Ships 36. A Sea-Battles from the Sagas: Olaf Tryggvason at the Battle of Svold Chapter Seven: “Sudden and Unforeseen Attacks of Northmen” 37. On the Causes of the Viking Expansion 38. Viking Raids on England, 789–850/1 39. Alcuin’s Letter to King Athelred, 793 40. An English Gospel Book Ransomed from the Vikings 41. Viking Raids on Ireland, 795–842 42. The Martyrdom of Blathmac, 825 43. The Life of Saint Findan 44. Irish Resistance to the Norsemen 45. Franks and Vikings, 800–829 46. The Northmen in France, 843–865 47. An Account of the Siege of Paris, 885–886 48. Vikings in the Iberian Peninsula (a) Ibn al-Kutia. Year 230 (17 September 844 - 1 October 845) (b) Ibn Adhari. Year 229 (30 September 843 - 17 September 844) Chapter Eight: “The Heathens Stayed”: From Raiding To Settlement 49. Viking Activities in England, 851–900 50. The Martyrdom of Saint Edmund 51. The Vikings in Ireland, 845–917 52. Ketil Flatnose and His Descendants in the Hebrides 53. Earl Sigurd and the Establishment of the Earldom of Orkney 54. Runic Inscriptions from Maes Howe, Mainland, Orkney 55. Runic Inscriptions from the Isle of Man 56. Rollo Obtains Normandy from the King of the Franks Chapter Nine: Austrveg: The Viking Road To The East 57. The Ru¯s 58. The Ru¯s Attack Constantinople 59. On the Arrival of the Varangians 60. A Muslim Diplomat Meets Ru¯ s Merchants on the Volga River 61. River Routes to Constantinople 62. A Norwegian Soldier of Fortune in the East 63. Ru¯ s Expeditions to the Middle East 64. The Yngvar Runestones Chapter Ten: Into the Western Ocean: The Faeroes, Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland 65. The Islands in the Northern Ocean, c. 825 66. Sailing Directions and Distances in the North Atlantic 67. The Western Ocean 68. Adam of Bremen on Iceland 69. Icelandic Accounts of the Discovery and Settlement of Iceland (a) The Book of the Icelanders (b) The Book of Settlements 70. Skallagrim’s Land-Take in Iceland 71. The Settlement of Greenland (a) The Book of the Icelanders (b) The Book of Settlements 72. The King’s Mirror on Greenland 73. Adam of Bremen on Vinland 74. The Norse Discovery of Vinland 75. Thorfin Karlsefni in Vinland Chapter Eleven: Viking Life and Death 76. Advice for Sailors and Merchants 77. Svein Asleifarson’s Viking Life 78. Children (a) Young Grettir Helps around the Farm (b) Children Mimic Adults (c) The Child is Mother of the Woman (d) Young Egil Plays for Keeps 79. Games and Entertainment (a) A Horse-fight from Njal’s Saga (b) Skallagrim's Rough Play (c) Ball Games and Scraper-Games at Sand from Hord's Saga (d) Entertainment at a Wedding Feast at Reykjaholar from The Saga of Thorgils and Haflidi (e ) Mock Lawsuits from The Saga of the People of Ljosavatn 80. The Jomsvikings Meet Their End 81. The Burning of Njal Chapter Twelve: From Odin to Christ 82. Early Missions to the North: The Life of Saint Anskar 83. The Conversion of the Danes under Harald Bluetooth 84. Olaf Tryggvason and the Conversion of Norway 85. A Poet Abandons the Old Gods 86. The Christianization of Norway under Saint Olaf 87. The Conversion of the Icelanders 88. The Conversion of Greenland 89. The Conversion of Orkney 90. Christianity in Sweden 91. Christianity and the Church in Norway 92. The Travels of King Sigurd, Jerusalem-Farer 93. The Journey of Abbot Nikolas Bergsson from Iceland to Jerusalem Chapter Thirteen: State-Building at Home and Abroad 94. Harald Finehair and the Unification of Norway 95. Denmark: The Jelling Stone 96. State-Making in Denmark: Unification and Expansion 97. The Martyrdom of Alfeah (Saint Alphege) 98. Knut the Great and the North Sea Empire 99. The England Runestones 100. The Earldom of Orkney at Its Zenith Chapter Fourteen: The End of the Viking Age 101. The Battle of Clontarf, 1014 102. The Battle of Stamford Bridge, 1066 103. The Battle of Largs, 1263 Chapter Fifteen: Reawakening Angantýr, or Viking Revivals 104. The First Revival (a) Snorri Sturlson (1179-1241) and Norse Poetics (b) Saxo Grammaticus and Icelandic Sources 105. Romantic Vikings (a) The Fatal Sisters: An Ode, from the Norse Tongue (b) The Vegtam's (Odin's) Kvitha (poem); or The Descent of Odin: An Ode, from the Norse Tongue 106. Operatic Vikings: Richard Wagner (1818-1883), from Das Rheingold, Scene Two 107. Aryan Anthropology: Vikings in Politics (a) Halfdan Bryn: Methodology (b) Hans F.K. Günther on Nordic Man (c) Alfred Rosenberg: Creative Men and Beautiful, Motherly Women 108. The Gods Reborn (a) Carl Jung: "Wotanism" (b) Odin Lives (c) Odinism in America (d) Versions of Ásatrú (i) The Icelandic Forn Sed Norge / The Society of the Ancient Faith in Norway 109. Plundering the Vikings, from The Irish Times 110. The Vikings in the Courtroom of History: Terrorists, Tourists, Others (a) Savage Warriors (b) Piracy and Commerce (c) Intruders of a Recognizable Type? (d) Revisiting the Revisionists (e) The Viking Diaspora Epilogue 111. Advice from Odin Sources Index of Topics Index of Authors and Sources

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Book SynopsisIn this expansive new biography of George Reisner, Egyptologist Peter Der Manuelian examines the life and work of America's greatest archaeologist. Manuelian presents Reisner's undeniable impact and considers his life within the context of Western colonialism, racism, and nationalism.Trade ReviewIn recent years, there's been an ongoing debate in the worlds of history and archaeology over the ethics of taking art and artifacts from a particular country and taking possession of it elsewhere. It's an unsettling remnant of colonialism, and its history runs deeply. Peter Der Manuelian's new book Walking Among Pharaohs offers readers an engaging account of the origins of contemporary Egyptology--and how it helps explain some of the debates we're reckoning with decades later. * InsideHook *Walking Among Pharaohs is a lively and uniquely informed biography of the most important American archaeologist of ancient Egypt and one of the founders of his discipline. Drawing expertly on a staggering range of sources, Peter Der Manuelian brings George Reisner, his ideas, and his times compellingly to life. * John Baines, University of Oxford *The definitive biography of G.A. Reisner, who is generally regarded as one of the most important and influential Egyptologists and archaeologists of his day. The story flows with no punches pulled, revealing Reisner in intimate detail, warts and all. A must read for anyone interested in the early days of American Egyptology. * Eric Cline, author of 1177 B.C.: The Year Civilization Collapsed *Peter Der Manuelian's Walking Among Pharaohs is a thorough examination of the life, career, and legacy of one of the most influential Egyptologists of his era, George Reisner. Presenting Reisner's legacy in all of its complexity—including the colonialist and the racist elements of his work—highlights the indelible mark he left on the field, and how he shaped it for future generations. Walking Among Pharaohs is a worthy contribution to our understanding of the history of Egyptology. * Kathlyn M. Cooney, University of California, Los Angeles *This is an amazingly rich biography of George Reisner, a giant among archaeologists working in the Nile Valley. It's also a powerful reflection on archaeology's many meanings, from celebration of ancient cultures to colonial appropriation. * Geoff Emberling, University of Michigan *George Reisner has long been one of the most influential but least known archaeologists from the 'golden age' of Egyptology. Manuelian has finally done Reisner justice, bringing his long life, extraordinary career, and contested legacy into the spotlight of critical enquiry. Walking Among Pharaohs is a prodigious work of scholarship. * Toby Wilkinson, author of A World Beneath the Sands: The Golden Age of Egyptology *[Manuelian] is the ideal author for this authoritative first biography of Reisner. It is an essential addition to any Egyptological library, bringing to light the work and accomplishments of Reisner in Egypt and Nubia during the 'golden age' of Egyptology. The extensive, meticulous notes and bibliography are indispensable. * Ancient Egypt Magazine *With this opus magnum (in every sense of the word), Peter Der Manuelian has completed a remarkable achievement, crowning more than twenty years of research... The author is indeed to be commended for truly mastering the 'staggering range of sources'...and the 'thorough examination'-at times painstakingly so-of the complexities of Reisner's biography, addressing the manifold issues of 'colonial appropriation' and 'racism'. * Orientalistische Literaturzeitung *Every chapter contains some gem about the history of Egyptology.... This book will almost certainly remain the definitive biography of Reisner. Professor Der Manuelian is a careful and thorough researcher and for a book this long (1,000+ pages) we can only say 'Thank god he can write!' * Bob Brier, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt *Table of ContentsPreface Egyptian Chronology and Nubian Comparative Chart Map Introduction I. Early Years (1867-1899) 1 Midwestern Beginnings and Endings 2 Go East, Young Man 3 Conversion in Germany 4 "Somebody Needed an Archaeologist" II. The Path to the Pyramids (1899-1905) 5 The Road Taken 6 Chance of a Lifetime: Giza 7 Devastation and Realignment: The Birth of the HU-MFA Expedition (1904-1905) III. Egypt, Palestine, Nubia, America (1905-1913) 8 Multitasking across Cultures 9 King Menkaure versus the "Pestiferous Sheikhs" of Palestine 10 Back to the Classroom 11 Giza Politics, Giza Discoveries IV. War Years (1913-1918) 12 Focus on Nubia: The Kerma Kingdom 13 Archaeology in Wartime: Kerma, Gammai, Deir el-Bersha 14 A Mystery Solved: The Nubian Pyramids of Gebel Barkal and Nuri 15 The Near-Destruction of Two American Expeditions V. Archaeology and Politics (1919-1926) 16 "The Work is his God:" Gebel Barkal, el-Kurru, and Meroe 17 (Mis)interpreting the Nubians in the Shadow of Tutankhamun 18 Secrets of a Giza Queen 19 Excursus: Showdown with Breasted over Egyptian Archaeology VI. Nubian Fortresses and Giza Tombs (1927-1937) 20 Hoisting Sarcophagi 21 Looking Back and Taking Stock 22 Septuagenarian Archaeology VII. Legacies at Home and Abroad (1938-1947) 23 Virtual and Actual Homecomings 24 Finale 25 Endgame: Transforming The HU-MFA Expedition 26 Epilogue: Revered or Reviled? Reisner and his Archaeological Impact Endnotes List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Reisner Bibliography General Bibliography Abbreviations Expedition Chronology and Staff Glossary of Arabic and other Foreign Words Index

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Book SynopsisEthics in Archaeological Practice focuses on the ethics of archaeological work in a European context.This book covers all aspects of the archaeological profession, including archaeological advisors employed by state national, or regional heritage agencies, commercial archaeologists (consultants and contractors), and academics. It considers all archaeologists as professionals and situates ethical practice at the heart of what it means to be a professional archaeologist. It works as a practical handbook organised around the main areas of activity that archaeologists undertake allowing the book to be used as a reference work when required.Ethics in Archaeological Practice will appeal to professional archaeologists, academics and students, as well as those involved in professional training.

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Book SynopsisConflict Landscapes explores the long under-acknowledged and under-investigated aspects of where and how modern conflict landscapes interact and conjoin with pre-twentieth-century places, activities, and beliefs, as well as with individuals and groups.Investigating and understanding the often unpredictable power and legacies of landscapes that have seen (and often still viscerally embody) the consequences of mass death and destruction, the book shows, through these landscapes, the power of destruction to preserve, refocus, and often reconfigure the past. Responding to the complexity of modern conflict, the book offers a coherent, integrated, and sensitized hybrid approach, which calls on different disciplines where they overlap in a shared common terrain. Dealing with issues such as memory, identity, emotion, and wellbeing, the chapters tease out the human experience of modern conflict and its relationship to landscape. Conflict Landscapes will appeal tTable of ContentsPart I The First World War 1 1 The Dead and their Spaces: Origins and Meanings in Modern Conflict Landscapes 2 Cutting the Landscape: Investigating the 1917 Battlefield of the Messines Ridge 3 Garden Landscapes of the Great War 4 Conflict Gas-Scape: Chemical Weapons on the Eastern Front, January 1915 5 Controversy in the Julian Alps: Erwin Rommel, Landscape, and the 12th Battle of the Soča/Isonzo 6 First World War Landscapes on the Alpine Front Line: New Technologies between Wish and (Augmented) Reality 7 Engaging Military Heritage: The Conflict Landscape of Val Canale, Italy 8 Conflict, Mobility, and Landscapes: The Arab Revolt in Southern Jordan, 1916–1918 9 Life and Death in a Conflict Landscape: Visitor and Local Perspectives from the Western Front Part II The Second World War 10 Who Owns the ‘Wilderness’? Indigenous Second World War Landscapes in Sápmi, Finnish Lapland 11 Operation Northern Light: Remote Sensing a Second World War Conflict Landscape in Northern Finland 12 Power of Place and Landscape: The US 10th Mountain Division, from Colorado to the Apennines 13 War in the Normandy Bocage: British Perceptions and Memory of a Militarized Landscape 14 Archaeology, D-Day, and the Battle of Normandy: ‘The Longest Day’, a Landscape of Myth and Materiality 15 ‘An Example of Nazi Kultur’: Paradigmatic and Contested Materiality at Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp 16 Campscapes and Homescapes of the Mind’s Eye: A Methodology for Analyzing the Landscapes of Internment Camps Part III Beyond World Wars 17 Imagining Maritime Conflict Landscapes: Reactive Exhibitions, Sovereignty, and Representation in Vietnam 18 People, Barriers, Movement, and Art: Contested Sandscapes of Western Sahara 19 A Parthian City in the Iran–Iraq War: Incorporating the Ancient Site of Charax Spasinou into a Modern Conflict Landscape 20 Abstract Landscapes: Learning to Operate in Conflict Space

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Book SynopsisIn its multidisciplinary approach and wide-ranging contributions, the book looks at trench art and postcards through museum collections to prosthetic limbs, and examines the First World War and its significance through the things it left behind.Table of Contents1. Materialities of Conflict: The Great War, 1914-20032. Art, Material Life and Disaster: Civilian and Military Prisoners of War3. 'Sacred Relics': Objects in the Imperial War Museum 1917-1939 4. Prostheses and Propaganda: Materiality and the Human Body in the Great War5. 'Nagelfiguren': Nailing Patriotism in Germany 1914-18 6. Shattered Experiences - Recycled Relics: Strategies of Representation and the Legacy of the Great War 7. The Great War Re-remembered: The Fragmentation of the World's Largest Painting8. Death and Material Culture: The Case of Pictures during the First World War9. A Material Link Between War and Peace: World War One Silk Postcards 10. Thanks for the Memory: War Memorials, Spectatorship and the Trajectories of Commemoration 1919-2001 11. The Lion, the Angel and the War Memorial: Some French sites re-visited 12. The Internet and the Great War: The impact on the making and meaning of Great War history 13. The Ocean Villas Project: Archaeology in the Service of European Remembrance 14. Aftermath: Materiality on the Home Front, 1914-2001

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Book SynopsisMaking creates knowledge, builds environments and transforms lives. Anthropology, archaeology, art and architecture are all ways of making, and all are dedicated to exploring the conditions and potentials of human life. In this exciting book, Tim Ingold ties the four disciplines together in a way that has never been attempted before. In a radical departure from conventional studies that treat art and architecture as compendia of objects for analysis, Ingold proposes an anthropology and archaeology not of but with art and architecture. He advocates a way of thinking through making in which sentient practitioners and active materials continually answer to, or correspond', with one another in the generation of form. Making offers a series of profound reflections on what it means to create things, on materials and form, the meaning of design, landscape perception, animate life, personal knowledge and the work of the hand. It draws on examples and experTrade Review"In his latest book, Tim Ingold persuasively argues for anthropology’s transformational capacity and promotes serious reflection on the need for anthropologists to correspond with the world. His focus on handwork in art, building, and the making of tools beautifully illustrates ‘thinking through making’ and learning by doing. This accessible book makes an excellent and timely contribution to a core area of anthropological research, and invites the reader to engage with the fascinating work emerging from it." - Trevor Marchand, School of Oriental & African Studies, UK"Ingold is a joy to read. With Making, he continues to enliven the social sciences with his distinctively compelling and critical reflections on anthropological, archaeological, architectural and artistic practices. This volume will be useful to all who are striving to integrate art and research, making and thinking, practice and theory." - Ian Alden Russell, David Winton Bell Gallery, Brown University, USA"For architects it is an absolute must to discover and absorb the work of this friendly outsider whose ideas touch the heart of what we do." - Lars Spuybroek, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"Unafraid to ask bold questions and propose daring answers, Tim Ingold has developed a distinctive voice. In the process, he has staked out an increasingly influential position that touches on a wide range of disciplines." - Webb Keane, University of Michigan, USATable of Contents1. Knowing from the inside 2. The materials of life 3. On making a hand axe 4. On building a house 5. The sighted watchmaker 6. Round mound and earth sky 7. Bodies on the run 8. Telling by hand 9. Drawing the line

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Book SynopsisExplore the relationship between faith-based programs, religion, and offender rehabilitation! This book reports on current research from several disciplines to help the reader understand the nature and impact of the relationship between faith-based programs, religion, and offender rehabilitation. Religion, the Community, and the Rehabilitation of Criminal Offenders is a unique resource—there has been very little research published on this important topic. President Bush''s faith-based initiative recognized that religion plays a role in the justice system and corrections that is overlooked but essential—it increases the role of community and caring in the system in a unique and important way. This pathbreaking book points the way toward a system of faith-based programs that are not only effective but also economical, as these programs are often staffed by volunteers. Religion, the Community, and the Rehabilitation of Criminal Offenders addresses imTable of Contents Introduction: Religion-Offenders-Rehabilitation: Questioning the Relationship Prison Religion in Action and Its Influence on Offender Rehabilitation The Reasons for Religious Involvement in the Correctional Environment The Role of the Prison Chaplain in Rehabilitation Intersections of Race, Religion, and Inmate Culture: The Historical Development of Islam in American Corrections Resistance to Conversion to Islam Among African American Women Inmates Prisoners, Prison, and Religion: Religion and Adjustment to Prison Religiosity and Drug Use Among Inmates in Boot Camp: Testing a Theoretical Model with Reciprocal Relationships Denominational Differences in Self-Reported Delinquency Evaluating Religious Initiatives in a Correctional Setting: Do Inmates Speak? Shame and Religion as Factors in the Rehabilitation of Serious Offenders Social Theory, Sacred Text, and Sing-Sing Prison: A Sociology of Community-Based Reconciliation The Prisoner as Scapegoat: Some Skeptical Remarks on Present Penal Policy Rethinking God, Justice, and Treatment of Offenders Index Reference Notes Included

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