Water supply and treatment Books

Book SynopsisDetection of Pathogens in Water Using Micro and Nano-Technology aims to promote the uptake of innovative micro and nano-technological approaches towards the development of an integrated, cost-effective nano-biological sensor useful for security and environmental assays. The book describes the concerted efforts of a large European research project and the achievements of additional leading research groups. The reported knowledge and expertise should support in the innovation and integration of often separated unitary processes. Sampling, cell lysis and DNA/RNA extraction, DNA hybridisation detection micro- and nanosensors, microfluidics, together also with computational modelling and risk assessment can be integrated in the framework of the current and evolving European regulations and needs. The development and uptake of molecular methods is revolutionizing the field of waterborne pathogens detection, commonly performed with time-consuming cultural methods. The molecular detection methods are enabling the development of integrated instruments based on biosensor that will ultimately automate the full pathway of the microbiological analysis of water. Editors: Giampaolo Zuccheri, University of Bologna, Italy and Nikolaos Asproulis, Cranfield University, UK Table of ContentsContents: Overview of European regulation and standards on microbiological water analysis; Risk analysis of bio-terroristic attacks on drinking water systems; Sample collection procedures for Online Contaminant Monitoring System; A device to extract highly diluted specimens out of large volumes of water for analysis in lab-on-a-chip detection systems; Sustainable DNA/RNA release methods for in-line waterborne pathogen screening devices; The microsystem based core of the DINAMICS water testing system: Design considerations and realization of the chip units; Electrochemical biosensor strategies for pathogen detection in water security; Biochemical and Nanotechnological Strategies for Signal Enhancement in the Detection of Nucleic Acids with biosensors; Computational modelling of aqueous environments in micro and nanochannels; Computational recipes of transport phenomena in micro and nanofluidics; Multi-detection of waterborne pathogens in raw and treated water samples by using ultrafiltration concentration and DNA array technology; Detection and enumeration of waterborne mycobacteria; New molecular technologies for the rapid detection of Legionella in water; Detection of virus in the water environment; Design of PCR primers for the detection of waterborne bacteria; Fluid structure and boundary slippage in nanoscale liquid films; Understanding slip at the nanoscale in fluid flows using atomistic simulations

Read more less

Book SynopsisClimate change is reducing water resources in many parts of Australia. Increasingly, higher risk sources are either being developed or being considered for development as public drinking water sources. There is a rising demand from the community for additional recreation facilities and subsequent access to drinking water catchments, as they are predominantly close to urban areas. These competing factors place substantial pressure on public water utilities to ensure the provision of safe drinking water. As the health risk profile increases, there is a need for additional barriers which may include new or upgraded water treatment facilities. This report covers the methodological development in the WaterRA project Public Perception of Source Protection and Its Relationship to Recreation and Water Treatment. It aims to develop a nationally applicable methodology to assist in the formulation of defensible policy which provides for drinking water source protection while accounting for recreational needs in surface water catchments in Australia. This book is co-published with Water Research Australia.Table of ContentsTable of Contents: Introduction; Literature Review and Research Framework; The Social Context of Drinking Water Catchment Protection; Conclusions; Scoping Phase; Interviews with Professionals; Stakeholder Focus groups; The Relationship between Sport and Recreation Policies and Drinking Water; Cost Implications for Additional Treatment Associated with Recreation in Drinking Water Catchments; Survey Phase; The Three Samples; The Questionnaire; Summary of Findings from the WA Case Study; Risk-Benefit Assessment Phase; Risk-Benefit Assessment Method; References; Appendix 1 Notes of Scoping Interviews with Professionals in WA; Appendix 2 Outcomes of Scoping Focus Group with General Community in WA; Appendix 3 Outcomes of Scoping Focus Group with Recreators from Formal Groups in WA; Appendix 4 Report of the Survey Phase of the WA Case Study; Appendix 5 The Hierarchical Framework Developed for the Risk-Benefit Assessment in the WA Case Study

Read more less

Book SynopsisPhosphorus has always been both a curse and a blessing. On the one hand, it is essential for all life forms and cannot be replaced by anything. On the other hand, wastewater treatment aims to minimize phosphorus concentrations in wastewater in order to minimize its discharge into rivers and lakes, where eutrophication caused by high phosphorus concentrations would lead to excessive plant growth. Phosphorus is extracted from rock phosphate deposits, which are finite and non-renewable. And as the issue of resource conservation is the focus of attention worldwide, phosphorus must be used sustainably. This includes recycling of secondary phosphates, efficient extraction and treatment of raw phosphate as well as its efficient use. The book starts from the peculiarity of the element phosphorus in Part I Phosphorus a special element?, Part II shows the possibilities and limitations of the elimination of phosphorus during the wastewater treatment. Current developments in phosphorus recovery are presented in Part III Phosphorus Recovery - Technology, where also a large number of technology developments are presented in the context of case studies. Part IV “Assessment” shows impulses for future ways. The book concludes with an “Outlook” in Part V. The book is partially based on the book Phosphorus in Environmental Technology – Principles and Application, edited by Eugina Valsami-Jones and published by IWA Publishing in 2004. Various new technologies have been developed since its release, particularly in the area of phosphorus recovery. Phosphorus: Polluter and Resource of the Future discusses all aspects of both Phosphorus elimination and recovery and summarizes the latest state of Phosphorus recovery technologies.Table of ContentsPreface Part I – Phosphorus a Special Element? Part II – Elimination of Phosphorus from Wastewater Part IIIa – Phosphorus Recovery – Technology Part IIIb – Case Studies Part IV – Assessment Part V – Outlook

Read more less

Book SynopsisMathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and the latest developments in modelling the innovative nitrogen removal processes. Furthermore, a new section on micropollutant removal has been added. The focus of modelling has been shifting in the last years to models that can describe the performance of a whole plant (plant-wide modelling). The expanded part of this new edition introduces models describing the most important processes interrelated with the mainstream activated sludge systems as well as models describing the energy balance, operating costs and environmental impact. The complex process evaluation, including minimization of energy consumption and carbon footprint, is in line with the present and future wastewater treatment goals. By combining a general introduction and a textbook, this book serves both intermediate and more experienced model users, both researchers and practitioners, as a comprehensive guide to modelling and simulation studies. The book can be used as a supplemental material at graduate and post-graduate levels of wastewater engineering/modelling courses.Table of ContentsChapter 1 – Introduction Chapter 2 – Basic definitions and concepts Chapter 3 – Building a model of an activated sludge system Chapter 4 - Modelling specific biochemical processes (without nitrogen removal processes) Chapter 5 - Modelling nitrogen removal processes Chapter 6 - Organization of a simulation study Chapter 7 - Plant-wide models Chapter 9 - Environmental impact assessment Chapter 10 - Practical model applications Appendix Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe principle of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) for municipal wastewater treatment is primarily based on biological oxidation by which organic matters are converted to biomass and carbon dioxide. After more than 100 years’ successful application, the CAS process is receiving increasing critiques on its high energy consumption and excessive sludge generation. Currently, almost all municipal wastewater treatment plants with the CAS as a core process are being operated in an energy-negative fashion. To tackle such challenging situations, there is a need to re-examine the present wastewater treatment philosophy by developing and adopting novel process configurations and emerging technologies. The solutions going forward should rely on the ways to improve direct energy recovery from wastewater, while minimizing in-plant energy consumption. This book begins with a critical overview of the energy situation and challenges in current municipal wastewater treatment plants, showing the necessity of the paradigm shift from removal to recovery in terms of energy and resource. As such, the concept of A-B process is discussed in detail in the book. It appears that various A-B process configurations are able to provide possible engineering solutions in which A-stage is primarily designed for COD capture with the aim for direct anaerobic treatment without producing excessive biosludge, while B-stage is designated for nitrogen removal. Making the wastewater treatment energy self-sustainable is obviously of global significance and eventually may become a game changer for the global market of the municipal wastewater reclamation technology. The principal audiences include practitioners, professionals, university researchers, undergraduate and post-graduate students who are interested and specialized in municipal wastewater treatment and process design, environmental engineering, and environmental biotechnology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe use of trace elements to promote biogas production features prominently on the agenda for many biogas-producing companies. However, the application of the technique is often characterized by trial-and-error methodology due to the ambiguous and scarce basic knowledge on the impact of trace elements in anaerobic biotechnologies under different process conditions. This book describes and defines the broad landscape in the research area of trace elements in anaerobic biotechnologies, from the level of advanced chemistry and single microbial cells, through to engineering and bioreactor technology and to the fate of trace elements in the environment. The book results from the EU COST Action on ‘The ecological roles of trace metals in anaerobic biotechnologies’. Trace elements in anaerobic biotechnologies is a critical, exceptionally complex and technical challenge. The challenging chemistry underpinning the availability of trace elements for biological uptake is very poorly understood, despite the importance of trace elements for successful anaerobic operations across the bioeconomy. This book discusses and places a common understanding of this challenge, with a strong focus on technological tools and solutions. The group of contributors brings together chemists with engineers, biologists, environmental scientists and mathematical modellers, as well as industry representatives, to show an up-to-date vision of the fate of trace elements on anaerobic biotechnologies.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEl Manual Sobre los Derechos Humanos al Agua Potable y Saneamiento para Profesionales tiene como objetivos: • Presentar los principios y conceptos contenidos en las resoluciones de las Naciones Unidas que reconocen el derecho humano al agua potable y el saneamiento (DHAS). • Aclarar el lenguaje y la terminología utilizados en la promoción de los derechos humanos, y • Proporcionar asesoramiento sobre las funciones y responsabilidades de todos aquellos que contribuyen a la realización progresiva de los DHAS, y sobre cómo los principios y acciones de derechos humanos pueden incorporarse en sus funciones principales. El Manual destaca los principios y criterios relacionados con los derechos humanos en el campo del agua potable y del saneamiento. Explica las obligaciones legales internacionales en términos de políticas y prácticas operativas que respaldarán la realización progresiva del acceso universal. El Manual presenta una perspectiva de derechos humanos que agregará valor a la toma de decisiones informadas en las operaciones diarias de los operadores, gerentes y reguladores. También alienta a sus lectores a participar activamente en los diálogos nacionales para traducir los derechos humanos al agua potable y el saneamiento en políticas, leyes y regulaciones nacionales y locales. La creación de un entorno institucional favorable es, de hecho, sólo el primer paso en el proceso de realización progresiva. La división de roles y responsabilidades es el siguiente paso, en un marco institucional y operativo actualizado que permite aplicar una perspectiva de derechos humanos al proceso de revisión de las funciones esenciales de los operadores, proveedores de servicios y entidades reguladoras.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe influence of landscapes – topography, soil, vegetation, geology - on water quality is an inherent part of the global water cycle. Land use has adverse impacts for example when soils are exposed, significant quantities of pollutants are released (including anthropogenic materials added to those naturally present), or pollutants are added directly to the water environment. Those impacts range from industrial development to farming and urbanisation. Whilst inefficient polluting industrial effluents are still tolerated in some countries, and poorly treated sewage globally remains a huge challenge for sanitation and public health, as well as the water environment, diffuse pollution is relatively poorly recognised or understood. The operator of a sewage or trade effluent treatment plant is consciously discharging effluent to the local river. But a farmer is simply growing crops or farming livestock, a city commuter driving to work is unlikely to be thinking how brake pad wear has released copper to the water (and air) environment and hydrocarbons and particulates too; no one is intending to cause pollution of the water environment. The same applies to industrial chemists creating fire-proofing chemicals, solvents, fertilisers, pesticides, cosmetics and many more substances which contaminate the environment. Understanding and ultimately minimising diffuse pollution is in that sense the science of unintended consequences. And the consequences can be severe, for water resources and ecosystems. It’s a global problem. This book comprises 18 papers from experts around the globe, presenting evidence from tropical as well as temperate regions, and rural as well as urban land use challenges. The book explores the nature of diffuse pollution and exemplifies the issues at various scales, from high-level national overviews to particular catchment and pollutant issues. By contrast, natural or semi-natural forest cover has long been recognised as safeguarding water quality in reservoirs (examples from Australia to Thailand and UK). The final chapter looks at how landscapes generally, can be designed to minimise pollution risks from particular land-uses, arguing for a more widespread catchment approach to water-aware landscape design, allied with flood risk resilience, place-making for people, and biodiversity opportunities too.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrontier technology in water treatment and pollutant removal is needed not only for maximizing water reuse but also for the rapid detection of contaminants in the recycled water. The UN announced the years 2018 to 2028 as the ‘International Decade for Action–Water for Sustainable Development’. To realize this mission, innovative and frontier technologies for water treatment and pollutant removal are important components. This book aims to serve as a platform for updating the scientific community with recent progress in this area, covering frontier technologies in analytical technique, physicochemical treatment, chemical treatment, and biological treatment. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe water sector is in the middle of a paradigm shift from focusing on treatment and meeting discharge permit limits to integrated operation that also enables a circular water economy via water reuse, resource recovery, and system level planning and operation. While the sector has gone through different stages of such revolution, from improving energy efficiency to recovering renewable energy and resources, when it comes to the next step of achieving carbon neutrality or negative emission, it falls behind other infrastructure sectors such as energy and transportation. The water sector carries tremendous potential to decarbonize, from technological advancements, to operational optimization, to policy and behavioural changes. This book aims to fill an important gap for different stakeholders to gain knowledge and skills in this area and equip the water community to further decarbonize the industry and build a carbon-free society and economy. The book goes beyond technology overviews, rather it aims to provide a system level blueprint for decarbonization. It can be a reference book and textbook for graduate students, researchers, practitioners, consultants and policy makers, and it will provide practical guidance for stakeholders to analyse and implement decarbonization measures in their professions.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book aims to provide an overview of how photocatalysis can be employed in water and wastewater treatment. Each chapter will attend to a different area of interest, starting with an introduction on the fundamentals of photocatalysis. The covered topics include metal organic frameworks (MOFs), photocatalytic reactor types and configurations, landfill leachate treatment, and life cycle assessment (LCA) of solar photocatalytic wastewater treatment. In addition, the final two chapters provide fresh new insight, by analyzing international patents on photocatalytic materials, solar photocatalysis, and nanotechnology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Cultural Dynamics in Water Management from Ancient History to the Present Age focuses on exploring the idea of water culture and how water culture has been generated from water management and social life. It discusses the structure, attribute, type, and the dynamic mechanism of water culture theoretically. It also deals with its diversity and practice in water management with cases from twelve countries, geographically covering most continents of the world. This book is divided into five main sections which include the theoretical discussion of water culture, the historical water culture, the water culture and water management in indigenous societies, the cultural role in local water management, the water cultural practice in the present age using the case of water museum, etc. It is based on a historical and geographical approach to exploring the cultural dynamics in water management. It shows how people abide by their culture to manage water in ancient society and in indigenous, local, social, and urban society. This helps to provide an in-depth understanding of the cultural dynamics in water management to bridge the cultural idea of water management from history to the present and to the future. This book highlights that technical and engineered ways are not enough to solve water problems and achieve water sustainable management if we neglect the cultural dynamic role. Successful water management is always based on the culture from history and this is likely to continue so as to achieve better water management.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDid you know that watching your favourite series on tv or just switching on your laptop for work, requires indirect water consumption? It’s a proven fact that every time we use energy resources, water is also consumed. In the next few decades, global water and energy demands will increase significantly, but at this time there isn’t a lot of information on expected global changes. The Water Research Institute (WRI) estimates that around 33 countries will experience very high water stress by 2040. Which means that as water scarcity rises due to rapid population growth, climate change and water deterioration, the global demand for pure water will also increase. We hope this book will help answer some of the challenges. The 13 chapters of this book were selected from multiple disciplines which focused on the state-of-the-art technologies in the field of environmental applications. These include technical-economic aspects of chemical precipitation; different substrates and concentrations of double chamber microbial fuel cells; the impact of pre-treatment on COD from paper industry wastewater; the synthesis of PES/Go-SiO2 mixed matrix membranes; predictions of a wastewater treatment plants performance of aeration demands; the performance of hydrological models for green roofs; short-term flexibility for energy grids from wastewater treatment plants; an integrated platform between water-energy-nexus and a business model for sustainable development; resilience-informed decision making in critical infrastructure networks. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.Table of ContentsEditorial: Environmental technologies for the sustainable development of the water and energy sectors Shadi Wajih Hasan, Haizhou Liu, Vincenzo Naddeo, Sebastià Puig and Ngai Yin Yip Technical-economic comparison of chemical precipitation and ion exchange processes for the removal of phosphorus from wastewater Agostina Chiavola, Simona Bongirolami and Giorgia Di Francesco Effect of substrate type and concentration on the performance of a double chamber microbial fuel cell Zia Ullah and Sheikh Zeshan Cost-effective removal of COD in the pre-treatment of wastewater from the paper industry Joanna Boguniewicz-Zablocka, Iwona Klosok-Bazan, Vincenzo Naddeo and Clara A. Mozejko Synthesis of polyethersulfone (PES)/GO-SiO2 mixed matrix membranes for oily wastewater treatment Maryam B. Alkindy, Vincenzo Naddeo, Fawzi Banat and Shadi W. Hasan Predicting wastewater treatment plant performance during aeration demand shifting with a dual-layer reaction settling model Matteo Giberti, Recep Kaan Dereli, Damian Flynn and Eoin Casey Impact of rainfall properties on the performance of hydrological models for green roofs simulation Mirka Mobilia and Antonia Longobardi Short-term flexibility for energy grids provided by wastewater treatment plants with anaerobic sludge digestion M. Schäfer Design of an integration platform between the water-energy nexus and a business model applied for sustainable development Heba Ahmed Mosalam and Mohamed El-Barad Analysis of anaerobic digester mixing: comparison of long shafted paddle mixing vs gas mixing U. Bergamo, G. Viccione, S. Coppola, A. Landi, A. Meda and C. Gualtieri A resilience assessment framework for critical infrastructure networks’ interdependencies Maryam Imani and Donya Hajializadeh On the use of ARIMA modesl for short-term water tank levels forecasting G. Viccione, C. Guarnaccia, S. Mancini, J. Quartieri An economic model of risk assessment for water projects Antonio Nesticò, Gianluigi De Mare, Gabriella Maselli Water-energy nexus for estuarine systems with seasonal salinity variations: a thermodynamic feasibility analysis of reverse osmosis (RO)-pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) combinations Arijit Chakraborty, Anirban Roy

Read more less

Book SynopsisImproving and managing universal services of water and sanitation in a holistic manner is critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, and addressing the needs of millions of people around the world. Ensuring access to water services is a key factor in working towards the SDGs, and water service delivery planning can support utilities in improving provision of these services. A service delivery plan identifies the actions required and associated costs for achieving a defined level of water services delivery over a defined period of time. This publications is a guideline or how-to manual on preparing water service delivery plans with a focus on small to medium sized organised water utilities having with approximately 5,000 to over 100,000 connections mainly in areas with limited capacity and resources. The manual is simplified enough to ensure that these utilities are able to move from a situation where they are struggling to deliver water services to where basic service levels in terms of water quality, quantity, accessibility, reliability, affordability, and acceptability are met. Meeting these basic service levels provides a strong foundation for the utility to progressively move up the ladder of delivering improved services.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Foreword Part 1 Introduction Determining the current status of performance indicators Setting objectives/targets and identifying actions Developing a cost plan Using the Financial Model Part 2 The Milele Town service delivery plan, cost plan and financial model Annex

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe scientific evidence contained in the three volumes of the 6th IPCC report (AR6), published between August 2021 and April 2022, are another reminder of the urgent need to respect the 2015 Paris Agreement. 195 countries agreed to the goal of limiting long-term global temperature increase to “well below 2°C” compared to pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5°C by massively reducing their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). Water and climate questions are usually addressed from the perspective of adaptation to climate change. For urban water services the mitigation aspect has been less studied up till now. These considerations fit into the broader context of the interdependence of energy and water (Water-Energy Nexus). This report approaches the question from the angle of energy use in the water sector rather than the better-known water requirements for the energy sector. Reducing GHG emissions in urban water management requires reducing both fossil energy requirements and direct emissions of nitrous oxide and methane. Finally, it must be said that the need to reduce the GHG emissions of water and sanitation services goes with the growing demand for water. It should increase by 50% between now and 2030 worldwide due to the combined effects of population growth, economic development, and the shift in consumer patterns. This synthetic report aims to provide an overview of possible levers to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of water and sanitation services and provides an analysis of how adaptation measures can embrace this low-carbon approach.Table of ContentsTable de matières Avant-propos Vers une stratégie d’atténuation du changement climatique des services d’eau et d’assainissement LES ÉMISSIONS DE GES DES SERVICES D’EAU ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT DANS UN CONTEXTE DE CHANGEMENTS GLOBAUX 1. Qu’est-ce que l’empreinte carbone ? 2. Quels sont les GES du secteur ? 3. Pourquoi calculer les GES ? 4. Comment les GES sont-ils évalués ? L’ÉNERGIE UTILISÉE PAR LES SERVICES D’EAU ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT DANS LE MONDE 1. Le prélèvement 2. Le stockage d’eau (pour potabilisation) 3. Le transport 4. Le traitement 5. La distribution 6. Le traitement des eaux usées 7. Usage final RÉDUIRE LES GES DES SERVICES D’EAU ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT : QUELLES SOLUTIONS ? 1. Approches rapides et efficaces 2. Économie circulaire 3. Décisions et stratégie LA RÉDUCTION DES GES ASSOCIÉE AUX SOLUTIONS D’ADAPTATION ET DE PRÉSERVATION DES RESSOURCES EN EAU 1. Protéger les ressources en eau 2. Adapter des services aux dérèglements climatiques L’EXPERTISE FRANÇAISE : EXEMPLES DE SOLUTIONS Description détaillée des projets présentés Annexe Glossaire

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a compilation of the knowledge shared and generated so far in the IWA Digital Water Programme. It is an insightful collection of white papers covering best practices, linking academic and industrial studies/insights with applications to give real-world examples of digital transformation. These White Papers are designed to help utilities, water professionals and all those interested in water management and stewardship issues to better understand the opportunities of digital technologies. This book covers a plethora of topics including: Instrumentation and data generation Artificial intelligence and digital twins The digital transformation and public health Mapping the digital transformation journey into the future With these topics, the aim is to present an all-encompassing reference for practitioners to use in their day-to-day activities. Through the Digital Water Programme, the IWA leverages its worldwide member expertise to guide a new generation of water and wastewater utilities on their digital journey towards the uptake of digital technologies and their integration into water services.Table of ContentsForewords The importance of the digital transformation to the global water industry Academia’s role in digital transformation Digitalisation in Practice 1. Defining Digital Water 1.1 | Introduction 1.2 | Digital impact on the economics of water and wastewater 1.3 | Navigating the digital journey 1.4 | Accelerating digital water adoption 1.5 | The roadmap forward 1.6 | Digital Water as the only option 2. Instrumentation to data generation Introduction 2.1 | Instrumentation in digital transformation 2.2 | The value of meta-data for water resource recovery facilities 2.3 | The importance of knowing what we do not know Conclusion — Transforming data to information 3. Artificial intelligence, digital twins and dynamic resilience Introduction 3.1 | Artificial intelligence solutions for the water sector 3.2 | Operational digital twins in the urban water sector 3.3 | Digital dynamic resilience for wastewater treatment processes: Exploiting real data for long-term resilience Conclusion — Transforming information to insight 4. Digital transformation in practice Introduction 4.1 | Improving public health through smart sanitation and digital water 4.2 | Case studies on the use of digital tools Conclusion — Application, application, application 5. Digital transformation — now and moving forward Introduction 5.1 | A digital future from the future’s perspective Conclusion — Digital water is here to stay Afterword Acknowledgements Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisWater is the primary medium through which climate change influences the earth's ecosystem and thus people's livelihoods and well-being. Globally, 83% of all disasters have been caused by extreme weather and climate-related events, such as floods, storms, and heatwaves, over the past decade. Together, these disasters have killed more than 410,000 people and affected a staggering 1.7 billion people in different parts of the world. With a 50% increase in the global population and a 30% increase in the urban population from 2000 to 2050, the world will continue to face enormous challenges in most contexts. In many cases, poor people and developing countries are most likely to be affected. The impacts of climate change will make the situation worse by creating extreme conditions with catastrophic outcomes. We may anticipate technological, economic, and sociological impacts resulting from climate change on water resources and processes. There are numerous global, regional, and national initiatives to address the technical and socio-economic challenges associated with the impacts of climate change on water. The Water and Society project, involving four countries in Africa, three from Asia, and one from Europe (www.WaSoProject.org), is an example and has inspired this book, which presents some water management challenges in Asia and Africa resulting from climate change. Selected studies on changes in water quantities and their socio-economic impacts, as well as examples of abatement activities and their effects, illustrate the challenges involved, their status, and solutions. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.Table of ContentsEditorial: Water management addressing societal and climate change challenges H. Ratnaweera, T. Sætersdal , S. B. Weerakoon, F. M. Mutua Assessment on the economic damage of trading households due to urban inundation B. V. Hung, N. N. Diep Modernization of the left bank irrigation system of the Kaudulla reservoir of Sri Lanka W. D. M. Wijenayaka, S. B. Weerakoon, Francis Mutua Analyzing the duration frequency and severity of drought using copula function in the Yazd city Mehrtash EskandariPour, Shahrokh Soltaninia Governance conundrum in pursuit of the human right to water and sanitation: tracking the progress of the leave-no-one-behind principle in Uganda G. Z. Ahabwe, D. W. Batega, A. Ssewaya, C. B. Niwagaba Future virtual water flows under climate and population change scenarios: focusing on its determinants Niloofar Ashktorab, Mansour Zibaei Exploring the village tank cascade systems (VTCSs) in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka A. Nanthakumaran, H. K. Kadupitiya, S. Devaisy, W. E. P. Athukorale Investigating streamflow variability and hydroclimatic teleconnections: a comparison of regulated and unregulated streamflow stations Tarun Pant, Abinesh Ganapathy, Ankit Agarwal

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides concise, up-to-date and easy-to-follow information on an increasingly important area of hydro-environmental analysis and management. It covers important aspects of both surface and subsurface water quality management, as they are inseparable components of aquifers and the flow in physical domains occur in combination with the other. However, the main emphasis of the book is on the practical development and application of computer based algorithms, via appropriate schemes, to realistic problems. Mathematical theories are not discussed as they can be found in many expert books. All sections of the book include detailed descriptions of practical examples. It also, uniquely, gives explanations regarding the formulation of practical management schedules and tools for hydro-environmental systems. There is a lack of books dealing with the practical aspects of the application of computer modelling techniques to complex hydrodynamical phenomena, and this book has been written for professionals and researchers, especially those who are not trained mathematicians who, nevertheless, need to make managerial decisions. Computational Methods in the Management of Hydro-Environmental Systems will be an invaluable source of information for post-graduate level researchers and decision-makers who need to apply numerical modelling techniques to investigate hydrodynamic phenomena and pollutants dispersion in natural aquatic systems. Professionals and engineers, who now need to gain insights about the working of computer techniques for choosing appropriate schemes and applying them to realistic problems, will also value this work. Masters' level and final-year graduate students are also expected to benefit from the book. Table of ContentsContents: 1: Introduction to Hydro-Environmental Systems; 2: Mathematical Models; 3: Computer Simulator Architecture; 4: River Networks; 5: Tidal System; 6: Underground Systems; 7: Combined Flow in Surface and Subsurface Systems; 8: Hydroinformatics

Read more less

Book SynopsisIndustrial pollution is still a major concern and despite its significance, sound and systematic pollution control efforts are very poorly documented. The character and treatability of industrial wastewaters is highly variable and specific for each industrial activity. Biological treatment with activated sludge is the appropriate technology for industrial wastewaters from several major industrial sectors. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge deals with the activated sludge treatment of industrial wastewaters by considering conceptual frameworks, methodologies and case studies, in a stepwise manner. The issues related to activated sludge treatment, such as biodegradability based characterization, modeling, assessment of stoichiometric and kinetic parameters and design, as well as the issues of industrial pollution control, e.g. in-plant control, effect of pretreatment, etc. are combined in a way to provide a comprehensive and information-rich view to the reader. By doing so, the book supplies an up-to-date reference for industrial wastewater experts and both graduate and undergraduate students. Industrial Wastewater Treatment by Activated Sludge provides a roadmap, describing the methodologies for the treatment of industrial wastewaters from several major sectors, based on a solid theoretical background. Up to now although valuable separate efforts both on activated sludge and industrial wastewater treatment have been presented, an integrated approach that is crucial to practice has not been available. This gap is filled by this book.

Read more less

Book SynopsisInfectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa, are the most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water. Most waterborne pathogens are introduced into drinking water supplies by human or animal faeces (enteric pathogens) but they can also exist naturally in water environments as indigenous aquatic micro-organisms. Controlling the risks related to these pathogens is a permanent challenge for the water industry. In addition to the constantly evolving range of pathogens to consider, assessing and managing such risks requires the integration of information issued by a wide range of disciplines. The necessary knowledge is however still sketchy and incomplete for most pathogens, and research efforts are necessary to fill the remaining gaps of knowledge. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated, comprehensive review of current knowledge on a selection of pathogens of interest for the drinking water industry, and to identify the remaining gaps of knowledge and thus the necessary research to be conducted. Emphasis has been laid on the information needed to assess and manage the risks related to each of these pathogens in drinking water production and distribution. The pathogens considered in this review were selected on the basis of: Their recognized or highly suspected transmission by drinking water through ingestion, inhalation, or contact Their recognized pathogenic character for humans The severity of their health effects Each micro-organism in this study is described in a summary fact sheet composed of the following items: microbiology, human health effects, geographical distribution, epidemiology, ecology, inactivation/removal, surrogates, environmental detection and research needs. Since much remains unknown about many aspects that are common to viruses, the study features a general section on virus research needs. A special section summarizes the risk management research conducted on waterborne pathogens. Finally, the conclusion gives an overview of the main gaps in current knowledge on waterborne pathogens. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/WaterbornePathogens

Read more less

Book SynopsisPond treatment technology is used in tens of thousands of applications serving many millions of people across the globe - why? Simply because it is efficient and effective. While pond treatment technology offers relative simplicity in its application, it incorporates a host of complex and diverse mechanisms that work to treat and cleanse polluted waters before their return to our environment. This book offers a comprehensive review of the pond technology field including the newest ideas and latest findings. Topics covered include: The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the pond environment; A detailed review of pond treatment mechanisms and performance; Comprehensive guidance on pond design, operation and upgrade options; A range of chapters summarising new and emerging pond technologies; The integration of ponds with wetlands and aquaculture systems and their use as storage reservoirs; Special applications of pond technology in cold climates, for agricultural wastes and for treatment of stormwater. The objective of this book is to get this wealth of knowledge "out there" to the users to ensure the continuous improvement and ongoing success of this crucial technology.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers the most recent scientific and technological developments (state-of-the-art) in the field of chemical oxidation processes applicable for the efficient treatment of biologically-difficult-to-degrade, toxic and/or recalcitrant effluents originating from different manufacturing processes. It is a comprehensive review of process and pollution profiles as well as conventional, advanced and emerging treatment processes & technologies developed for the most relevant and pollution (wet processing)-intensive industrial sectors. It addresses chemical/photochemical oxidative treatment processes, case-specific treatability problems of major industrial sectors, emerging (novel) as well as pilot/full-scale applications, process integration, treatment system design & sizing criteria (figure-of-merits), cost evaluation and success stories in the application of chemical oxidative treatment processes. Chemical Oxidation Applications for Industrial Wastewaters is an essential reference for lecturers, researchers, industrial and environmental engineers and practitioners working in the field of environmental science and engineering. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/CHEMICALOXIDATIONAPPLICATIONSFORINDUSTRIALWASTEWATERS Authors: Professor Olcay Tünay, Professor Isik Kabdasli, Associate Professor Idil Arslan-Alaton and Assistant Professor Tugba Ölmez-Hanci, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey. Table of ContentsContents: Introduction to Chemical Oxidation Treatment Processes; Textile Processing Industry; Leather Tanning and Finishing Industry; Metal Finishing Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pulp and Paper Industry; Pesticides Industry; Gold and Silver Mining; Chemical Industry; Other Industries; Miscellaneous Sources

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis project examined the development of ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for the protection of wildlife for mercury. Mercury is considered a serious risk to wildlife in many areas. As a result, the Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative and others have developed AWQC. These AWQC have been controversial, however, because (1) the AWQC were single values that did not account for site-specific conditions; (2) derivation of the AWQC relied on a single NOAEL, and (3) the AWQC had an unknown level of conservatism because of reliance on both average and conservative assumptions and uncertainty factors. Rather than develop a single value AWQC for total mercury, we derive an AWQC model that explicitly incorporates factors controlling bioavailability, methylation rates and bioaccumulation in the aquatic environment (e.g., pH, DOC, sulfate). To derive our AWQC model, field data was collected including numerous water quality parameters and total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in whole body fish tissue from 31 lakes in Ontario and an additional 10 lakes in Nova Scotia. An independent dataset consisting of 51 water bodies in the United States was then used to confirm the validity and robustness of the AWQC model. Next we combined the results of chronic-feeding studies with similar protocols and endpoints, in a meta-analysis to derive a dose-response curve for mink exposed to mercury in the diet. Using this approach, one can derive an LD5 or other similar endpoint that can then be used as the basis for deriving -wildlife AWQC. In the final step, we used a probabilistic risk model to estimate the concentrations of methylmercury in water that would lead to levels in fish sufficient for there to be a 10% probability of exceeding the mink LD5. This analysis was repeated for various combinations of pH and DOC. The result is an AWQC model for mercury for the protection of wildlife that can be used for a variety of site-specific conditions. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below

Read more less

Book SynopsisSewage Treatment Plants: Economic Evaluation of Innovative Technologies for Energy Efficiency aims to show how cost saving can be achieved in sewage treatment plants through implementation of novel, energy efficient technologies or modification of the conventional, energy demanding treatment facilities towards the concept of energy streamlining. The book brings together knowledge from Engineering, Economics, Utility Management and Practice and helps to provide a better understanding of the real economic value with methodologies and practices about innovative energy technologies and policies in sewage treatment plants. Table of ContentsTable of contents: The principles of economic evaluation and cost benefit analysis implemented in sewage treatment plants; Economic evaluation of innovative technologies aiming to increase the energy efficiency of the sewage treatment plants; Instrumentation, monitoring and real-time control strategies for efficient sewage treatment plant operation; Process integration to improve carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal with less aeration requirements and less sludge production; Bioreactor development with less aeration requirement; Improvement of anaerobic digestion of sewage wastewater and sludge; Development of microbial fuel cells for electricity production from sewage; Nutrient recovery from sewage; Cost saving management strategies or policies; Economic evaluation of innovative technologies aiming to increase the energy efficiency of the sewage treatment plants: Case studies.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCities use large amounts of costly energy to supply water and treat wastewater, especially in China, one of the world’s largest providers of urban water and sanitation services. Reducing Energy for Urban Water and Wastewater shows how cities can reduce energy use, cut costs and curb greenhouse gas emissions. First, it guides the reader through water supply and wastewater treatment, explaining how energy is used at each step. Then the authors: • Outline the most effective ideas for reducing energy use in cities, using China as a case study. • Provide a decision-making framework to help cities focus their efforts. • Investigate an often-overlooked high energy user in dense cities and suggest a way to cut energy. • Assess the unintended downside of stricter wastewater standards and how to optimise the upside. • Provide suggestions for increasing water and energy recovery in water-scarce cities. The focus throughout is China, the biggest greenhouse gas emitter in the world.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors Preface Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2 - Energy for water supply Chapter 3 - Factors that may influence electricity use for water supply Chapter 4 - Comparison of electricity for water supply between water sources and countries Chapter 5 - Energy for wastewater treatment Chapter 6 - Evaluating the environmental benefit and energy footprint of stricter wastewater standards Chapter 7 - Reducing net energy use for water supply Chapter 8 - Reducing energy for water distribution through pressure management and building layout Chapter 9 - Reducing net energy use for wastewater treatment Chapter 10 - Reducing energy use for water in water-scarce cities Chapter 11 - A road map for reducing energy use in urban water supply References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisHydrology: Advances in Theory and Practice, brings together contributions to both the theory and practice of hydrology, including chapters on (amongst other topics) flood estimation methods and hydrological modelling. The book also looks forward with a global hydrology research agenda fit for the 2030s, and explores how to make advances in hydrological modelling – based on almost 50 years of modelling experience. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe global water and sanitation community is currently wrestling with the policy implications of two important realizations. The first is that it is quite possible for cities to actually run out of water–for the piped network to run dry. The second is that in many locations, basic water and sanitation interventions do not result in the large public health improvements that many water and sanitation professionals had hoped. As water and sanitation professionals work out the implications of these two realizations on policy and planning for water and sanitation improvements in the Global South, they will require an in-depth knowledge of local housing, water, and sanitation conditions, as well as a nuanced understanding of how households prioritize improvements in housing, water, and sanitation. The chapters in this book about Kathmandu illustrate the types of analyses of local conditions that are needed. Kathmandu holds many lessons for the global community about households’ responses to water scarcity and the management of water and sanitation services in periods of rapid urbanization and climate change. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdequate wastewater treatment in low to medium income cities worldwide has largely been a failure despite decades of funding. The still dominant end-of-pipe paradigm of treatment for surface water discharge, focusing principally on removal of organic matter, has not addressed the well-published problems of pathogen and nutrient release with continued contamination of surface waters. This book incorporates the new paradigm of integrated wastewater management for valorization without surface water discharge using waste stabilization pond systems and wastewater reservoirs. In this paradigm the purpose of treatment is to protect health by reducing pathogens to produce an effluent that is valorized for its fertilizer and water value for agriculture and aquaculture. Methane production as a sustainable energy source is also considered for those applications where it is appropriate. Emphasis is on sustainable engineering solutions for low to medium income cities worldwide. Chapters present the theory of design, followed by design procedures, example design problems, and case study examples with data, diagrams and photos of operating systems. Excel spreadsheets and the FAO program CLIMWAT/CROPWAT are included in examples throughout. Sections on engineering practice include technical training, operation and maintenance requirements, construction and sustainability. The book incorporates design and operating data and case studies from Africa, Australia, Latin America, Europe, New Zealand, and the US, including studies that have been published in French, Portuguese, and Spanish.Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1 Integrated wastewater management for reuse in agriculture Chapter 2 Selection of natural systems for wastewater treatment with reuse in agriculture Chapter 3 Wastewater flows, design flowrate, and flow measurement Chapter 4 Preliminary treatment Chapter 5 Theory and design of facultative ponds Chapter 6 Theory and design of maturation ponds Chapter 7 Wastewater reuse in agriculture: guidelines for pathogen reduction and physicochemical water quality Chapter 8 Design of wastewater irrigation systems with valorization of nutrients Chapter 9 Physical design and aspects of construction Chapter 10 operation and maintenance References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe aim of this book is to examine and provide insights into how water service providers apply resilience in practice. The growing threat of urban water shortages, gives more reason to understand how water resilience works in practice. This book will present a collection of case studies on how institutions apply resilience in practice, despite the multiple challenges they face. The emphasis of the book will be on learning from practitioners’ experiences of building resilience strategies and approaches, and case studies represented would include all economic contexts – from low-income and fragile to upper income countries.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe value chain (VC) system is a key way to address important sanitation technological and institutional gaps in production and service delivery and could constitute a natural platform for development actions and also serve as a market systems approach to improve access to safely-managed sanitation. It has been suggested that sanitation could boost local and national economies and global interconnections with a growing recognition that the private sector can play a bigger role in delivering the Sustainable Development Goal for sanitation, and help businesses understand value-added and product opportunities. This book proposes a pathway towards re-thinking the sanitation value chain (SVC) and suggests that it should cover all processes, activities and products of enterprises/actors in the sanitation supply chain that provide value-added services within each stage. Following the Regenerative Sanitation Principles, this book presents a new perspective to the SVC known as the ‘integrated functional sanitation value chain’ (IFSVC) to address operational functions within sanitation systems in combination with sanitation enterprises, operators and external actors that support the growth of the sanitation economy. The underlying premise of this book is that the IFSVC represents a new perspective that would have major social, environmental and economic implications for local, national, regional and global sanitation service delivery. It is hoped that researchers, business leaders, entrepreneurs, government officials and funders will find this book valuable, and be inspired and enabled to carry sanitation work forward in their own spheres of operation. The book gives several examples of encouraging developments, particularly in technical and business model innovation. It is our hope that this book will provide the stimulus for new learning and its application, particularly through cross-disciplinary and cross-sector partnerships that bring together all the skills and capabilities needed to deliver a fully effective IFSVC.Table of ContentsMeet the editors Meet the contributors Foreword by Jennifer Williams Foreword by Alexandra Knezovich Preface Abbreviations and symbols Chapter 1 Re-conceptualizing the sanitation value chain Peter Emmanuel Cookey, Thammarat Koottatep and Chongrak Polprasert Chapter 2 Product design and development Walter Gibson Chapter 3 Product/equipment manufacturing Peter Emmanuel Cookey, Thammarat Koottatep and Chongrak Polprasert Chapter 4 Facility integration, installation and construction Harinaivo A. Andrianisa, Asengo Gerardin Mabia and Peter Emmanuel Cookey Chapter 5 Sanitation services Harinaivo A. Andrianisa, Mahugnon Samuel Ahossouhe and Peter Emmanuel Cookey Chapter 6 Sanitation biomass recovery and conversion Peter Emmanuel Cookey, Olufunke Cofie, Thammarat Koottatep and Chongrak Polprasert Chapter 7 Marketplace and sales Walter Gibson, Peter Emmanuel Cookey, Thammarat Koottatep and Chongrak Polprasert Chapter 8 Sanitation advocacy services Jack Sim and Peter Cookey Chapter 9 Sanitation management knowledge value chain Mayowa Abiodun Peter-Cookey, Peter Cookey, Thammarat Koottatep and Chongrak Polprasert Chapter 10 Governance and enabling systems Peter Emmanuel Cookey, Mayowa Abiodun Peter-Cookey, Thammarat Koottatep and Chongrak Polprasert Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents a methodology for preparing scheduled desludging schemes in cities. Opening with a description of its definition and principles, this book outlines step by step the preparation of a scheduled desludging scheme. Coverage of the book includes a feasibility assessment of a city to implement a scheduled desludging program, getting everybody on the same principles, making the general concept, setting targets, designing the operational scheme, building capacity of the service provider, preparing the fleets, and preparing promotion activities for the desludging program. Several fecal sludge desludging options and the implication of each option are discussed in the book, including their financial implications. The book also presents methods to calculate the operational cost and how the cost can be used as the basis to determine the desludging tariff. This book was written based on the experience of USAID - IUWASH (Indonesia Urban Water and Sanitation and Health) program in assisting several Indonesian cities in preparing their mandatory desludging program. Some of Indonesia's specific narratives and terms used in the original book have been adapted for the benefit of readers from other countries.Table of ContentsForeword Preface Introduction Understand scheduled desludging Step 1 - Identify local strengths Step 2 - Agree on the basics Step 3 - Make initial concept Step 4 - Get the green light Step 5 - Assess targets Step 6 - Design operations Step 7 - Improve institutions Step 9 - Involve partners Step 10 - Prepare the fleets Step 11 - Install management system Step 12 - Plan finance Step 13 - Promote service Annexes Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisLos estándares de calidad del agua alrededor del mundo están siendo actualizados para garantizar ecosistemas saludables, asegurar recursos hídricos para potabilización, incrementar la biodiversidad, y mejorar las funciones ecológicas. Los humedales para tratamiento son utilizados para depurar una variedad de aguas residuales o contaminadas, lo que incluye, aguas residuales municipales, escorrentía agrícola y urbana, efluentes industriales, y efluentes de los vertederos de excesos en alcantarillados combinados, entre otros. Los humedales para tratamiento son particularmente adecuados para la gestión sostenible del agua porque pueden manejar cargas variables en los afluentes, pueden ser construidos con materiales locales, tienen pocos requerimientos de operación y mantenimiento en comparación a otras tecnologías, y pueden proveer servicios ecosistémicos adicionales. La tecnología ha sido exitosamente implementada en países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. El primer Reporte Cientifico y Tecnológico (STR, por sus siglas del inglés, Scientific and Technical Report) sobre la tecnología de humedales fue publicado en el 2000. Con el desarrollo exponencial de la tecnología desde entonces, la generación de un nuevo STR fue desarrollada por el Grupo de trabajo de la IWA sobre la integración de la tecnología de humedales (IWA Task Group on Mainstreaming Wetland Technology). Este STR fue conceptualizado y escrito, junto con su traducción al castellano, por expertos líderes en la materia. Este nuevo reporte presenta las últimas aplicaciones de la tecnología dentro de un marco de planificación innovador del diseño de humedales para múltiples propósitos. También, incluye información práctica para el diseño recolectada a partir de 20 años de experiencias de profesionales y académicos, que abarca experimentos a escala de laboratorio, piloto y real.Table of ContentsResumen Abreviaturas Miembros del grupo de trabajo de IWA para la incorporación de la tecnología de humedales para tratamiento Editores, Autores y traductores Prefacio Grupo de trabajo de IWA para la incorporación de la tecnología de humedales para tratamiento Actividades El Informe Científico y Técnico Prólogo a la versión en castellano 1. Introducción 3. Técnicas de Diseño en Humedales para tratamiento. 4. Diseño de humedales para aplicaciones específicas 5. Información práctica para el diseño de tipos específicos de humedales y dificultades típicas 6. Casos de estudio 7. Referencias

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe book brings together a range of leading scholars and practitioners to compile an international account of water allocation policies supporting a transition to sustainable water use in regions where agriculture is the dominant water use. In Section 1, the collection canvasses five key cross-cutting issues shaping the challenge of sustainable water allocation policy, such as legal and economic perspectives, the role of politics, the setting of environmental flows, and the importance of indigenous rights. Section 2 presents 13 national, state and transboundary case studies of water allocation policy, covering cases from Europe, the Americas, Central Asia, the Middle East and the Pacific region. These case studies highlight novel and innovative elements of water allocation regimes, which respond to the cross-cutting issues addressed in Section 1, as well as local challenges and social and environmental imperatives. The book provides a comprehensive account of water allocation in a range of international settings and provides a reference point for practitioners and scholars worldwide wishing to draw on the latest advances on how to design and implement sustainable water allocation systems.Table of ContentsAbout the Editors Contributors Foreword Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Introduction Josselin Rouillard, Christina Babbitt, Edward Challies and Jean-Daniel Rinaudo Chapter 2 The politics of groundwater allocation and the transition from open access William Blomquist and Christina Babbitt Chapter 3 Allocations and legal trends in the 21st century Rebecca L. Nelson Chapter 4 Indigenous water and Mother Earth Margot A. Hurlbert Chapter 5 Allocations and environmental flows Eric D. Stein, Michael E. McClain, Ashmita Sengupta, Theodore E. Grantham, Julie K. H. Zimmerman and Sarah M. Yarnell Chapter 6 Economics and water allocation reform C. Dionisio Pérez-Blanco Chapter 7 England and Wales: countering ‘unsustainable abstraction’ with the catchment based approach David Benson, Hadrian Cook, M. Yasir Ak and Burcin Demirbilek Chapter 8 Water allocation in Spain. Legal framework, instruments and emerging debates Carles Sanchis-Ibor, Manuel Pulido-Velazquez, Juan Valero de Palma and Marta García-Mollá Chapter 9 Managing a common resource in agriculture: an overview of the French nested water allocation system Josselin Rouillard and Jean-Daniel Rinaudo Chapter 10 Turkey’s water allocation regime under institutional change M. Yasir Ak, Burcin Demirbilek and David Benson Chapter 11 Water allocation in Aotearoa New Zealand: societal values and ecological bottom lines Edward Challies, Stephen Fragaszy and Josselin Rouillard Chapter 12 Groundwater allocation in New South Wales, Australia Joseph H. A. Guillaume, Alvar Closas and Andrew McCallum Chapter 13 Water allocation in Brazil: main strategies, learning and challenges Guilherme F. Marques Chapter 14 What are we allocating and who decides? Democratising understanding of groundwater and decisions for judicious allocations in India Uma Aslekar, Dhaval Joshi and Himanshu Kulkarni Chapter 15 Legal frameworks for agricultural water use in Canada: a comparative study of Alberta and Québec Hugo Tremblay Chapter 16 Idaho’s Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer: cooperative water policy change for Idaho’s groundwater farmers Katrina Running Chapter 17 Polycentric governance in Nebraska, U.S., for ground and surface water Theresa Jedd, Anthony Schutz and Mark Burbach Chapter 18 Transboundary water allocation in the Amudarya Basin of Central Asia Dinara Ziganshina Chapter 19 Current challenges in the Rio Grande/Río Bravo Basin: old disputes in a new century Regina M. Buono and Gabriel Eckstein Chapter 20 Transitioning away from open access: lessons learnt from a comparative analysis of water allocation regimes worldwide Josselin Rouillard, Christina Babbitt, Edward Challies and Jean-Daniel Rinaudo Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book emphasizes the growing interest in the design and operation of large wastewater treatment plants throughout the past decades. The outstanding role of LWWTPs nowadays results from the shift of the world’s population from rural to urbanized areas with centralized sewer systems. The urban population of the world has grown rapidly from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018. Asia is home to 54% of the world’s urban population, followed by Europe and Africa with 13% each. Today, 55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 68% by 2050. Projections show that urbanization, combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban areas by 2050, with close to 90% of this increase taking place in Asia and Africa. Topics covered in this book include operational data and research centred around large-scale applications of innovative technologies and approaches; topics connected with the design and operation of LWWTPs, such as data acquisition for design purposes, application of mathematical models, nitrogen removal optimization and financial sustainability. Emerging topics of interest are also examined, such as the removal of micropollutants and microplastics, greenhouse gas emissions, activated sludge granulation and the effect of street thawing salt on plants. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.Table of ContentsEditorial: Design, operation and economics of large wastewater treatment plants Jörg Krampe, Norbert Jardin, Vanessa Parravicini, Jiri Wanner and Miklos Patziger 50 years of design and operation of large wastewater treatment plant conferences. A history of innovation and development H. Kroiss, N. Matsché and J. Krampe The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years Jiří Wanner Effect of sewage sampling frequency on determination of design parameters for municipal wastewater treatment plants T. Gehring, E. Deineko, I. Hobus, G. Kolisch, M. Lübken and M. Wichern Commissioning of the new water line of the Central wastewater treatment plant in Prague and its impact on the operation of the existing water line J. Wanner, J. Rosický, J. Kovařík, M. Srb, M. Lánský and P. Sýkora Inducing granulation within a full-scale activated sludge system to improve settling Isaac Avila, Dan Freedman, Joel Johnston, Blair Wisdom and James McQuarrie Influence of road salt thawing peaks on the inflow composition and activated sludge properties in municipal wastewater treatment J. Tauber, B. Flesch, V. Parravicini, K. Svardal and J. Krampe Improving wastewater treatment plant performance by applying CFD models for design and operation: selected case studies M. Patziger Use of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model for a new configuration of circular primary settling tank A. G. Griborio, J. A. Rodríguez, L. Enriquez and J. A. McCorquodale Model assisted identification of N2O mitigation strategies for full-scale reject water treatment plants M. Beier, I. Feldkämper and A. Freyschmidt A module-based approach for elimination of organic micropollutants at wastewater treatment plants Burkhard Teichgräber, Peter Jagemann, Martin Hetschel, Antje Bechtel and Linh-Con Phan Degradation of micropollutant cephalexin by ultraviolet (UV) and assessment of residual antimicrobial activity of transformation products Sabrina Grando Cordeiro, Rafaela Ziem, Ytan Andreine Schweizer, Bruna Costa, Daniel Kuhn, Peterson Haas, Ani Caroline Weber, Daiane Heidrich, Eduardo Miranda Ethur, Clarice Steffens and Lucélia Hoehne Determination of large microplastics: wet-sieving of dewatered digested sludge, co-substrates, and compost Larissa Schwinghammer, Steffen Krause and Christian Schaum

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe rapid development of nanoscience enables a technology revolution that will soon impact virtually every facet of the water sector. Yet, there is still too little understanding of what nanoscience and nanotechnology is, what can it do and whether to fear it or not, even among the educated public as well as scientists and engineers from other disciplines. Despite the numerous books and textbooks available on the subject, there is a gap in the literature that bridges the space between the synthesis (conventional and more greener methods) and use (applications in the drinking water production, wastewater treatment and environmental remediation fields) of nanotechnology on the one hand and its potential environmental implications (fate and transport of nanomaterials, toxicity, Life Cycle Assessments) on the other. Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment explores these topics with a broad-based multidisciplinary scope and can be used by engineers and scientists outside the field and by students at both undergraduate and post graduate level. Table of ContentsTable of Contents: Introduction: Nanotechnology for water and wastewater treatment: potential and limitation; Characteristics and properties of nanoparticles; Physical and chemical analysis of nanoparticles; Fate and transport of nanoparticles/nanomaterials, toxicity studies; Nanoparticles and bioremediation; Nanosorbents; Effective Phosphate Removal Using Ca-based Layered Double Hydroxide Materials; Mg(OH)2 nanoadsorbent during Treating the Low Concentration of Cr; Nano catalysts; Visible-light doped titania for water purification: nitrogen and silver doping; Doping of Pd nanocatalysts for PCB removal; The use of bimetallic nanosystems to remove POPs from soils and sediments"; Nanomaterials for disinfection and microbial control; Microbial manufactured silver nanoparticles for water disinfection; Electrospun nanofibers for Point-of-Use Water Treatment; Nanomaterials to enhance filtration; Metalic and ceramic microreactors; Enzyme-Immobilized Nanofiltration Membrane To Mitigate Biofouling Based on Quorum Quenching; Biomimetic membranes for water filtration; Nano sensors ; Functionalised graphene: a novel platform for biosensors; Lab-on-a-Chip Interferometric Biosensor Nanotechnology; Nanosensors for pathogens; Nanomanufacturing: Materials Design and Production; Green synthesis of nanoparticles and nanocatalysts; Plant-based nanoparticle manufacturing.

Read more less

Book SynopsisActivated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting covers the current status of all aspects of the activated sludge process and looks forward to its further development in the future. It celebrates 100 years of the Activated Sludge process, from the time that the early developers presented the seminal works that led to its eventual worldwide adoption. The book assembles contributions from renowned world leaders in activated sludge research, development, technology and application. The objective of the book is to summarise the knowledge of all aspects of the activated sludge process and to present and discuss anticipated future developments. The book comprises invited papers that were delivered at the conference "Activated Sludge…100 Years and Counting!", held in Essen, Germany, June 12th to 14th, 2014. Activated Sludge - 100 Years and Counting is of interest to researchers, engineers, designers, operations specialists, and governmental agencies from a wide range of disciplines associated with all aspects of the activated sludge process. Authors: David Jenkins, University of California at Berkeley, USA, Jiri Wanner, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.Table of ContentsTable of Contents: Ardern and Lockett Remembrance, Glen Daigger: Wastewater Treatment Requirements through the Years, Herman Hahn; Process Development, David Stensel, Jacek Makinia; Process Microbiology/Ecology, Per Halkjær Nielsen, Katherine D. McMahon; Macro-nutrient Removal (Nitrogen), Wendell Khunjar, Paul Pitt, Charles. Bott, Kartik Chandran Macro-nutrient Removal (Phosphorus), James L. Barnard, Yves Comeau; Micro-constituent Removal, Hansruedi Siegrist, Adriano Joss, Thomas A. Ternes; Aeration and Mixing, Martin Wagner, Michael K.Stenstrom; Air Emissions, Jay Witherspoon, Michael D. Short , Kate Simmonds, Ben van den Akker, E.Maddon, Richard M. Stuetz; Solids Separation, Jiri Wanner, Andrea Jobbagy; Secondary Clarifiers, Denny Parker, Wolfgang Günthert, Britt-Marie Wilén; Energy Considerations, Helmut Kroiss, Ye Shi Cao; Automation and Control, Gustaf Olsson, Zhiguo Yuan, Changwon Kim; Modeling, George Ekama, Imre Takacs; Hybrid Systems, Hallvard Odegaard, Kim Helleshoj Sorensen, Magnus Christensson; Membrane Systems, Simon Judd, Tamas Zsirai, George Crawford; Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Karl-Heinz Rosenwinkel, Willy Verstraete, Siegfried E. Vlaeminck, Martin Wagner, Sabrina Kipp, Nina Manig; Planning and Design, Burkhard Teichgräber; Economics of Activated Sludge Process, Norbert Jardin, Julian Sandino; The Next 100 Years, Mark van Loosdrecht, Ye Shi Cao, Yuen Long Wah, Harry Seah.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe use of shallow geothermal energy (SGE) systems to acclimatize buildings has increased exponentially in the Netherlands and worldwide. In certain areas, SGE systems are constructed in aquifers also used for drinking water supply raising the question of potential groundwater quality impact. Impacts of Shallow Geothermal Energy on Groundwater Quality provides a hydrochemical and geomicrobial overview of the effects of ground source heat pumps and aquifer thermal energy storage. The area is investigated with field and laboratory experiments, and reactive transport models, showing that shallow geothermal energy systems can influence groundwater quality in a number of ways. Most prominent in open ground source heating systems operating at low temperature (<20°C) is the physical mixing of deep and shallow groundwater of different quality distorting the natural water quality stratification in aquifers. At a temperature of 25°C and beyond certain trace elements were observed to mobilize in laboratory experiments, and beyond 40°C redox conditions change significantly while the microbial community shift towards a thermophilic community. Based on the results of this research, guidelines are presented for monitoring and permitting of SGE systems. The book is a useful resource for regulators of these systems, water companies and installers of the SGE systems. Author: Matthijs Bonte, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Read more less

Book SynopsisGuidance for Professional Development in Drinking Water and Wastewater Industry recognises the water practitioners journey from the novice student phase all the way to an established expert position, both on technological and professional fronts. This book reviews various career phases and helps realise purpose, motivation, responsibilities and milestones for each professional stage. Since professional journeys are significantly different for individuals and designations, titles vary widely from organization to organization, general terminologies are used for describing career phases, mainly Student Phase, Entry-Level Professional, Mid-Level Professional and Established Practitioner. This guide helps the reader to understand a step-by-step professional development process in the industry and at the same time receive key inputs to minimise or avoid common mistakes related to the drinking water or wastewater occupations. The book provides an overview of common educational options available for students including short-term courses, diploma and certificates, associate degrees, bachelor degree, masters degree, doctorate degree, post-doctoral fellowship and continued education. With respect to job profiles, the guide covers different professional avenues such as consultant, engineer, designer, researcher, academic faculty member, sales and marketing, permitting authority staff, laboratory professionals, system operators, construction management staff, manufacturing and industry staff. In terms of technological knowledge, both drinking water and wastewater infrastructure systems are reviewed in the book. Discussions on drinking water systems mainly include intake structures, treatment systems, distributions network components whereas wastewater systems include collection and conveyance systems, treatment options and sludge management systems. Guidance for Professional Development in Drinking Water and Wastewater Industryis useful for every professional in the industry and particularly prospective students. It can be used by mentors and established practitioners as a guidance tool for training newcomers. Author: Archis Ambulkar, Harrisburg, PA, USATrade Review"With my extensive work in environmental chemistry area, I was able to quickly connect with this publication and realize its relevance for students and young professionals pursuing a career in the drinking water or wastewater field. This book is unique as it focuses both on technical as well as personal development aspects. I believe that the overview of various professional phases as well as pertinent technical knowledge provided in this book will be useful for students to jumpstart their career in this field. Being a faculty member, I fully understand the importance of the practical knowledgebase that students and recent graduates need to make a confident start to their profession. I would highly recommend this book to students who want to make a career in the water or wastewater area. This is a timely contribution towards the water sector." Sachin Mandavgane, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology "Mr. Ambulkar has offered an extensive overview of the water and wastewater industry. In his work, he introduces readers to various water challenges faced by communities on a global scale and throws light on the significance of the water and wastewater treatment industry as well as the need for nurturing a professional workforce for the well-being of societies. His book serves as a great tool for budding engineers and students pursuing careers in the water field. His book encompasses the possible career pathways available in the government, academia and industrial sectors. This book offers the much needed promise to students who have chosen water treatment as their primary field of study and trying to establish themselves in an industry previously led by chemical, civil and mechanical engineers. As a graduate student pursuing research in water quality, I find chapter 4 on “professional development overview” to be very helpful. In this chapter, the author has explained in detail, the different career options available, the associated duties and the level of expertise expected in each of the described positions. One of my favorites is the “Special Remarks Droplets” section under each career level, where key points on how to be up-and-coming are very well documented. I find the book to be an all-encompassing checklist that I would require as an emerging engineer and also a guide to acquiring profound knowledge towards professional development in the water industry." Keerthisaranya Palanisamy, Master’s Student /Teaching Assistant, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati "For a student of the water industry, transitioning from education to the professional world, “Guidance for Professional Development in Drinking Water and Wastewater Industry” by Archis Ambulkar is a marvelous book. For an entry-level engineer like me, understanding the professional development process is quite confusing and often intimidating. The detailed listing of various professional avenues available for students in this book is a valuable resource. Right from the first step of the process for selecting a favorable university and associated coursework all the way to becoming an expert, Archis does a splendid job of explaining the educational and career pathways for anyone interested in this honorable field. What particularly hits the note for me are his ‘Special Remarks Droplets’ where he provides his readers - beneficial tips and notes for all the professional stages. Another important aspect that helped me, is the distinguishing of job profiles and responsibilities between the “Internship Phase” and the “Entry Level Phase”, which these days have become quite overlapping for students. Getting a professional view of this industry is extremely important for students. Right from the start, it comes to us as a shock how differently the industry works compared to what we are actually taught in general textbooks. Having plain technical knowledge is just not enough. This book helps bridge that gap by talking about how a project is pursued, designed, budgeted and finally executed; and provides us with a terrific glimpse of the “real world”. For all the students trying to get a foot in the door, this guide is an excellent one!" Dhawal Chheda, Master's Student/Teaching Assistant, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati "This book clearly outlines key ideas and approaches them in a very practical manner with the aim of providing guidance for the reader. The way the book frames the social dimension of drinking water – represented nowadays by community development, health and environmental impact in our world – is extremely valuable. On top of that, the professional development overview is incredibly useful in guiding environmental organizations as well as newcomers on how to manage a professional career with a very holistic approach. Overall, the book helps the readers to obtain a very thorough and broad understanding of key topics in drinking water and wastewater industry fields." Albert Palomar, Business Development Manager, Nestle Health Science. M.S. Environmental Engineering (Bucknell University) "This book is an incredibly useful resource for professionals who work or are thinking to enter the water and wastewater industry. The complexity and magnitude of the sustainable development challenges in the industry are enormous and this requires a deeper appreciation of the linked combinations of existing and emerging technologies. The book provides excellent support in this context. It builds on the fundamental idea that the industry has a significant potential with process development in water and wastewater treatment. "The book builds on a unique combination of the author’s professional and technical experience, research and consultancy activities. It is my belief that Guidance for Professional Development in Drinking Water and Wastewater Industry will be a reference volume worldwide." Dr Lucy Lunevich, College Engineering and Health Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia "This book has something for everyone including candidates who are actively looking for career development or who just started their education in college. Mr. Ambulkar handsomely included various aspects of laboratory practices, professional development, key concepts of drinking water, wastewater sector, and water distribution in this one book. That is the most appealing factor to a recent graduate such as myself; as for preparing interviews, one needs to be aware of key concepts and processes in the water/wastewater industry. I hope to see more figures, sketches, list of regulatory updates, and modeling software that are available in the water industry in upcoming editions. However, I am definitely benefited by this current edition and will further recommend it to potential water/wastewater professional." Ishan Jain, M.S. Environmental Eng., M.Eng. Chemical Eng., Virginia Tech "I have had the privilege of reading the book “Guidance for Professional Development in Drinking Water and Wastewater Industry”. The book is an excellent addition to the water and wastewater industry for professionals and students. The author does a phenomenal job in providing insights especially to students graduating from universities on several aspects of the water and wastewater careers including educational options, career avenues and professional development overview. This book will be extremely useful for students interested in water and wastewater careers and I recommend all environmental engineering students to use it as a guide for professional development. This book is easily readable, navigable and also provides several appendices for the readers to peruse. The water and wastewater industry is in dire need of students and young professionals to choose this industry as a career to solve the multitude of challenges with the water environment. I would like to applaud the author for having taken the time to write such a useful book which helps answer several questions students may have and help them choose their career paths." Anil Tangirala, PE, CFM, ENV SP, Technical Services Manager, MS Consultants IncTable of ContentsContents: Introduction, Publication Objectives, Scope and Goals, Educational Options, Career Avenues, Professional Development Overview, Student Phase, Internship Phase, Entry-Level Professional, Mid-Level Professional, Established Practitioner, Knowing Water Systems, Knowing Wastewater Systems, Understanding Drinking Water and Wastewater Projects, Realizing Exceptional Achievements

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis manual and the free downloadable costing tool is the outcome of a project identified by the Water, Sanitation and Health Programme (WSH) of the World Health Organization (WHO) faced with the challenge of costing options for improved access, both to safe drinking water and to adequate sanitation. Although limited in scope to the process of costing safe water supply technologies, a proper use of this material lies within a larger setting considering the cultural, environmental, institutional, political and social conditions that should be used by policy decision makers in developing countries to promote sustainable development strategies. Costing Improved Water Supply Systems for Low-income Communities provides practical guidance to facilitate and standardize the implementation of social life-cycle costing to “improved” drinking-water supply technologies. These technologies have been defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, as those that, by the nature of its construction, adequately protect the source of water from outside contamination, in particular with faecal matter. The conceptual framework used has also been conceived to be applied to costing improved sanitation options. To facilitate the application of the costing method to actual projects, a basic tool was developed using Microsoft Excel, which is called a water supply costing processor. It enables a user-friendly implementation of all the tasks involved in a social life-cycle costing process and provides both the detailed and the consolidated cost figures that are needed by decision-makers. The scope and the limits of the costing method in a real setting was assessed through field tests designed and performed by local practitioners in selected countries. These tests were carried out in Peru and in six countries in the WHO regions of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. They identified practical issues in using the manual and the water supply costing processor and provided practical recommendations. References and Glossary Author(s): Fabrizio Carlevaro, Geneva School of Economics and Management, Switzerland and Cristian Gonzalez, International Road Federation, Geneva, SwitzerlandTable of ContentsTable of contents: About the authors, Foreword, Preface and Acknowledgements. Chapter 1 - Background and objectives: Water and health; Social valuation of water supply projects; Costing method; Target audience. Chapter 2 - Conceptual framework: Identifying locally appropriate technologies; Costing a drinking-water supply technology. Chapter 3 - Improved drinking-water supply technologies for low-income communities: Drinking-water supply systems; Objectives of drinking-water supply; Improved drinking-water supply technologies. Chapter 4 - Locally appropriate technologies: Concept of locally appropriate technology; Criteria for the identification of constraints and risks; Assessment of water supply needs; Selection of locally appropriate water supply technologies. Chapter 5 - Costing method: Rationale and issues; Typology of costs; Sources of data on costs; Costing questionnaires; Social costing of water supply projects. Chapter 6 - Costing implementation: The process of costing a water supply project; The Water Supply Costing Processor (WSCP); An introduction to the use of the WSCP. Annexes: Drinking-water supply technologies; Project questionnaires; Inputs of improved water supply technologies; Costing questionnaires; Time profiles of a beta distribution function; Costing case studies in Peru.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis report focuses on the urban water management challenges facing cities across OECD countries, and explores both national and local policy responses with respect to water-risk exposure, the state of urban infrastructures and dynamics, and institutional and governance architectures. The analyses focus on four mutually dependent dimensions – finance, innovation, urban-rural co-operation and governance – and proposes a solutions-oriented typology based on urban characteristics. The report underlines that sustainable urban water management will depend on collaboration across different tiers of government working together with local initiatives and stakeholders.Table of ContentsTable of Contents: A framework for city-level water management; Financing urban water management; Supporting the diffusion of innovative pathways for urban water management; Urban-rural co-operation for water management; Governance for urban water management; Glossary.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWater resources allocation determines who is able to use water resources, how, when and where. It directly affects the value (economic, ecological, socio-cultural) that individuals and society obtain from water resources. This report overviews how allocation works in a range of countries and how the performance of allocation arrangements can be improved to adjust to changing conditions. Capturing information from 27 OECD countries and key partner economies, the report presents key findings from the OECD Survey of Water Resources Allocation and case studies of successful allocation reform. It provides practical policy guidance for water allocation in the form of a "health check", which can be used to assess the performance of current arrangements and manage the transition to improved regimes. Table of ContentsTable of Contents: Re-allocating water in a scare world; A framework for water allocation; The current water allocation landscape; Reforming water resource allocation regimes; A "health check" for water resources allocation; Glossary; Annex: Questionnaire for the OECD project on water resources allocation regimes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis most up-to date book addresses the interdisciplinary area of drinking water quality monitoring by microbiological sensors. It is edited and written by leading water professionals and experts, and binds together interests and competences within sensing technology, system behavior, business needs, legislation, education, data handling, and intelligent response algorithms. The book contains chapters on: - the history of water monitoring and early sensors - the current landscape of microbiological sensors and different measuring concepts - needs from the water industry - detailed description of several state-of-the-art sensor technologies - water industry case stories with operator experience - examples of on-line data collection and data handling - microbiological sensors applied in education and industry workshops - regulator aspects of introducing microbiological sensors It is the hope that the book will be widely used by water utility managers, technical staff working with drinking water safety, educators in the field of water quality and regulators in this field worldwide. Furthermore, that it will help bridge the gaps between these diverse and otherwise differently oriented water professionals.Table of ContentsEditorial preface Foreword by Eberhard Morgenroth Foreword by Koen Huysman About the Editors List of Contributors Section 1 - Background and perspectives Chapter 1 - History and perspective – the challenge of the gap between legislation and scientific achievements: The new era of enlightenment Chapter 2 - The need for speed – rapid evolution of microbiological testing in drinking water Chapter 3 - Microbiological sensors for drinking water: Terminology and central concepts Section 2 - Industry needs Chapter 4 - Water quality monitoring at Danish utilities – current state and needs for the future Chapter 5 - On-line monitoring of bacteria in drinking water systems: Expected benefits and new challenges for utility operators Section 3 - Sensor technologies Chapter 6 - Use of fully automated bacterial monitors for enhanced water safety Chapter 7 - Online flow cytometry: Towards a rapid, robust, and reliable microbial sensor Chapter 8 - Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) measurement technology Chapter 9 - Counting totally matters – using GRUNDFOS BACMON for network monitoring Chapter 10 - Safety and quality control in drinking water systems by online monitoring of enzymatic activity of faecal indicators and total bacteria Chapter 11 - Mean oxidation state of organic carbon: A novel application to evaluate the extent of oxidation of natural organic matter in drinking water biological treatment Section 4 - Data collection and interpretation Chapter 12 - Test of sensor technologies for monitoring of microbiological drinking water quality Chapter 13 - From sensor to decision – augmented and automated decision-making based on real-time data Section 5 - Water safety, education and legislation Chapter 14 - HACCP in drinking water systems Chapter 15 - Enhancing knowledge of microbiological sensors through education Chapter 16 - Challenges of regulatory compliance using sensor technology for drinking water distribution systems Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisKnowing how to manage the losses from water supply networks and how to get to the next level in bettering your system is a major problem and one that is most common in the majority of water companies worldwide. Sometimes water companies set their sights too high and cannot deliver due to non-realistic targets setting. Of course this is considered or seen as a failure within the company or country when it is really just exceeding expectations of what can be delivered. The aim of Improving Water Supply Networks is to assist water companies to identify where they are on the ‘water loss ladder’ and what is required to move to the next level. The book will provide an understanding of what the water companies need to achieve and where they should be aiming for in their efforts to reduce water losses. The book provides useful and practical information on non-revenue water (NRW) issues and solutions enriched with relevant case studies. Table of ContentsUseful Acronyms and Abbreviations Preface Part One Chapter 1 - The water system improvement matrix Chapter 2- Water distribution systems Chapter 3- Basic network systems Chapter 4- Ordinary network systems Chapter 5- Smart network systems Chapter 6 - Intelligent network systems Chapter 7 - ALC in low pressure systems with both metallic and non-metallic pipes Chapter 8 - Losses and how to find them – rules that apply to all situations Part Two Case study 1: Five cities around the world Case study 2: A holistic approach to system improvement Case study 3: NB-IoT expedites leak detection Case study 4: Anglian water Case study 5: Ranhill SAJ Sdn Bhd Case study 6: Acoustic leak detection solution delivering from day one Case study 7: Smart water metering gives water 24-hours a day Case study 8: Real-life innovation Case study 9: Enabling the digital journey for a water utility Case study 10: City of sheridan deploys new AMI system, resulting in Big labour savings and improved system maintenance

Read more less

Book SynopsisSolar photo-voltaic (PV) and wind offer to bring both clean energy and clean water to remote regions and peri-urban areas in the world, outside the conventional electric grids. One out of seven people has no electric power available that would bring light to the home, cook the food, pump to access water and purify or re-use it. Off-grid systems are scalable and can be designed to any size, from household to village and community levels. The renewable energy cost development is remarkable and can make electric power affordable also for the poorest. Renewables promise an end to the era where energy security is closely related to geopolitics. The expenditure is up-front capital cost while “fuel” is free. With renewables, there is no geopolitical pressure where one country has deposits of a fossil fuel while another does not. This book aims to show how clean water and clean energy are reachable for all while contributing to both a better climate and a healthier life.Trade ReviewWater and energy are two of the most important pillars that support modern civilisation. Despite many similarities, the two have traditionally been generated and delivered in very different ways by different organisations and subject to different legislation and regulation but to the same customers. The very success of conventional, centralised distribution systems in large urban areas has also been their limitation for communities not living in industrialised countries. Cost and scale. This book explores and supports the provision of clean water to communities which are off-grid based on the tremendous advances made in recent years around renewable energy generation, especially solar PV and wind. It explains in the clearest possible terms the potential, progress, economics and technology that can make this a reality. It is a book for specialists and a book for generalists written in a clear and engaging style by an author of immense experience, knowledge and wisdom. It can’t be said for many books, but this really is one that can change the world! -- Professor David ButlerProf. Olsson’s latest book is designed to enhance understanding of the renewable energy revolution that is now underway, and how use of solar and wind energy can help provide water services to those currently underserved. He succeeds in a carefully written, concise, and yet comprehensive book that will appeal to many audiences. These include water professionals who wish to learn about solar and wind energy, public and private officials responsible for providing energy and water services, those in the financial community who will be called upon to provide the necessary investment funds, and those students interested in entering these emerging fields. His book is an important contribution to understanding vital changes taking place broadly in the 21st century that will improve the lives of millions. -- Dr Allan Hoffman, former US presidential adviser on renewable energyGustaf is certainly a leader in the area of the water-energy nexus, having previously published one of the most useful books on this topic – Water and Energy: Threats and Opportunities. In his new book, Gustaf makes a clear case for the value of off-grid water and sanitation systems and the enormous potential for renewables to play a part in these systems. Gustaf has a special skill when it comes to explaining concepts in an understandable way and clearly shows how solar and wind can be integrated at each stage of the water supply and sanitation process. -- Professor Shuming Liu, Vice Dean of School of EnvironmentThis is a timely and necessary book as countries are starting to address the SDGs. Water and energy are crucial to development and decentralized or off-grid water and energy systems are vital to the developing world. Most of rural Africa will remain unserved unless these systems are implemented, due to economic constraints in bringing conventional grid-based services over long distances. I particularly enjoyed Chapter 3 showing the coupling between the different SDGs, it addresses my fear that we tackle the SDGs in isolation which was not the intent and this chapter brings the complexity home. Lastly, the book is an easy read for both the lay person and the scientist, a rare feat in itself. -- Henry J. Roman Director for Environmental Services and TechnologiesFollowing in-depth discussions on the water and energy nexus in his previous works (Water and Energy[...]), Gustaf shows, in this new book, how renewable energy in combination with decentralized water operations can decouple many of these dependencies and meet challenges caused by climate change, population increase, water scarcity and poor water quality. Gustaf has rightfully stressed the specific importance of solar and wind energy for providing clean drinking water and sanitation to the underprivileged communities. This book will be a highly valuable reference for both power and water engineers. With a strong background in both power and water engineering, Gustaf is uniquely positioned to address the water and energy nexus. -- Professor Zhiguo Yuan, Director, Advanced Water Management CentreTable of ContentsPart I: Water and Energy – A Human Right Chapter 1: Water and energy – for all Chapter 2: Towards sustainability goals Chapter 3: The renewable energy revolution Part II: Water Technologies Chapter 4: Water supply Chapter 5: Water treatment Chapter 6: Solar thermal desalination and solar water heating Chapter 7: Used water treatment Part III: Renewable Energy Technologies Chapter 8: Solar PV Chapter 9: Wind Chapter 10: Handling variable production Chapter 11: Energy management systems Part IV: Applying Renewable Energy to Water Operations Chapter 12: Economy Chapter 13: Land use for energy Chapter 14: Water operations using renewables – some cases Part V: The Future Chapter 15: Outlook to 2030 and further Appendix 1: Glossary Appendix 2: Conversion of units Bibliography Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisAccess to clean water and energy are critical to economic growth and sustainable development. Providing water and energy services has important environmental impacts. Understanding the inextricable linkages among water, energy, and environment – the water-energy-environment nexus – will be a priority for all levels of government in the decades ahead as they develop and implement policies to enhance human welfare. We are also experiencing the beginning of an energy revolution in these early years of the 21st Century. Understanding the nature of this revolution is important, and this book provides an introduction to and explanation of this revolution. Specific topics to be discussed, in addition to explaining the nexus, include the global contexts for water and energy issues, associated environmental impacts, traditional and emerging energy options (fossil fuels, nuclear power, renewable energies), new approaches to providing clean water, the emerging role of energy storage, and policy issues associated with water, energy, and environment, as well as recommendations. There are a number of books on pieces of the nexus, most at a technical level. The purpose of this book is to explain the nexus and each of its components in a university-level, highly-readable ‘primer’ for those entering the water and energy fields. It will also serve as an introduction to these topics for a global, multidisciplinary audience that includes academic scholars in related technical and non-technical fields, government officials at national, state, and local levels, economists and others in the financial/investment communities, and those in the development community responsible for planning and delivering water and energy services to undeserved populations.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book presents the advancements made in applied metrology in the field of Urban Drainage and Storm water Management over the past two decades in scientific research as well as in practical applications. Given the broadness of this subject (measuring principles, uncertainty in data, data validation, data storage and communication, design, maintenance and management of monitoring networks, technical details of sensor technology), the focus is on water quantity and a sound metrological basis. The book offers common ground for academics and practitioners when setting up monitoring projects in urban drainage and storm water management. This will enable an easier exchange of results so as to allow for a faster scientific progress in the field. A second, but equally important goal, is to allow practitioners access to scientific developments and gained experience when it comes to monitoring urban drainage and storm water systems. In-depth description of international case studies covering all aspects discussed in the book are presented, along with self-training exercises and codes available for readers on a companion website.Table of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements List of contributors List of acronyms Chapter 1: General introduction and book layout Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Francois H. L. R. Clemens-Meyer and Mathieu Lepot Chapter 2: Sensors for rain measurements Patrick Willems and Thomas Einfalt Chapter 3: Water level and discharge measurements Frédérique Larrarte, Mathieu Lepot, Francois H.L.R. Clemens-Meyer, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Damjan Ivetic´, Dusan Prodanovic´ and Bram Stegeman Chapter 4: Measuring the water balance in stormwater control measures Tim D. Fletcher, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Jérémie Bonneau, Matthew J. Burns, Peter J. Poelsma and Jasmine K. Thom Chapter 5: Data communication and storage F. Branger, S. Tait, V. Chaffard, E. Brelot, V. Lecomte, I. Mallet and P. Skipworth Chapter 6: Design of a monitoring network: from macro to micro design Mathieu Lepot, Zoran Kapelan and Francois H. L. R. Clemens-Meyer Chapter 7: Operation and maintenance Jakob Benisch, Björn Helm, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Simon Bloem, Frédéric Cherqui, Uwe Eichelmann, Stefan Kroll and Peter Poelsma Chapter 8: Uncertainty assessment Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Mathias Uhl and Francois H. L. R. Clemens-Meyer Chapter 9: Data validation and data quality assessment Francois H. L. R. Clemens-Meyer, Mathieu Lepot, Frank Blumensaat, Dominik Leutnant and Guenter Gruber Chapter 10: Data archiving and meta-data – saving the data for future use Dušan Prodanovic´ and Nemanja Branisavljevic Chapter 11: Data collection in urban drainage and stormwater management systems – case studies Alama Schellart, Frank Blumensaat, Francois Clemens-Meyer, Job van der Werf, Wan Hanna Melina Wan Mohtar, Salwa Ramly, Nur Muhammad, Jeremie Bonneau, Tim Fletcher, Justin F. Costelloe, Robert James, Matthew Burns, Peter Poelsma, Susana Ochoa-Rodriguez, Daniel Bourne, Zoe Hancock, Gilles Wallwork, James Hale, Nadia Nikolova-Peters, Stefan Kroll, Johan van Assel, David McCarthy, Baiqian Shi, Simon Bloem and Christian Ebi Chapter 12: Appendices Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski, Francois H. L. R. Clemens-Meyer and Mathieu Lepot Index

Read more less