Water supply and treatment Books

324 products


  • Taylor & Francis Water Security

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £156.75

  • Taylor & Francis Water Security

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £58.89

  • Taylor & Francis Ltd Water and Agricultural Sustainability Strategies

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £128.25

  • Taylor & Francis Ltd Adsorptive Removal of Manganese Arsenic and Iron from Groundwater

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £49.39

  • Taylor & Francis Political Arithmetic

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £25.38

  • Taylor & Francis Water as a Catalyst for Peace

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £137.75

  • Taylor & Francis The Singapore Water Story

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £128.25

  • Taylor & Francis The Singapore Water Story

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £39.99

  • Taylor & Francis Contemporary Water Governance in the Global South

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    15 in stock

    £142.50

  • Taylor & Francis Ltd Transforming Urban Water Supplies in India

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    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £137.75

  • Taylor & Francis Wasting the Rain Routledge Revivals

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £87.39

  • Taylor & Francis Water Quality Policy and Management in Asia Routledge Special Issues on Water Policy and Governance

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £87.39

  • Taylor & Francis Water and Security in Central Asia

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £128.25

  • Taylor & Francis Ltd Science Policy and Stakeholders in Water Management An Integrated Approach to River Basin Management

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £45.59

  • Taylor & Francis Ltd Solar Powered Wastewater Recycling

    15 in stock

    Book SynopsisThe United Nations predicts that by the year 2025, two-thirds of the world's population will face water scarcity. Further, the planet would have well over eight billion people, the majority of whom would live in developing countries, where more than 80% of those are already experiencing water scarcity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for wastewater recycling to help solve issues of scarcity and to facilitate better management of generated wastewater. Water recycling includes reuse and treatment of municipal wastewater, which could be a sustainable approach for environmental sustainability and could also help to offset the increasing water demands for irrigation and industrial and other needs. Currently, water and wastewater treatment facilities consume large amounts of energy that are mainly generated through the use of fossil fuels. Solar Powered Wastewater Recycling examines how solar power can be implemented as an integrated approach whereby all the energy needs of the Table of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Wastewater Treatment: on-site systems. 3. Wastewater treatment: Decentralized systems. 4. Energy problems in wastewater recycling. 5. Solar powered wastewater recycling (SPWR). 6. SPWR for municipal wastewater. 7. SPWR for blackwater. 8. SPWR for industrial wastewater. 9. Policies and regulations. 10. Opportunities.

    15 in stock

    £79.99

  • Cambridge University Press Surface Water Acidification Program

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £44.64

  • Cambridge University Press Drinking Water Quality

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £55.09

  • Cambridge University Press Dynamic Programming Based Operation of Reservoirs

    15 in stock

    a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

    15 in stock

    £104.50

  • Cambridge University Press Essentials of Hydraulics

    15 in stock

    Book SynopsisWritten for a one-semester course in hydraulics, this concise textbook is rooted in the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and aims to promote sound hydraulic engineering practice. Basic methods are presented to underline the theory and engineering applications, and examples and problems build in complexity as students work their way through the textbook. Abundant worked examples and calculations, real-world case studies, and revision exercises, as well as precisely crafted end-of-chapter exercises ensure students learn exactly what they need in order to consolidate their knowledge and progress in their career. Students learn to solve pipe networks, optimize pumping systems, design pumps and turbines, solve differential equations for gradually-varied flow and unsteady flow, and gain knowledge of hydraulic structures like spillways, gates, valves, and culverts. An essential textbook for intermediate to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in civil and environmental engineering.Trade Review'I was lucky to be Pierre's PhD student at Colorado State University many years ago. I took several courses from him and was deeply influenced by his teaching style and methods. I am more than happy to see the publication of his Essentials of Hydraulics so that the rest of the world of civil engineering students have a chance to learn from this great teacher and scholar.' Junke Guo, University of Nebraska-Lincoln'Essential of Hydraulics by Professor P.Y. Julien is an excellent and well-needed addition to the literature on hydraulic engineering. The textbook encompasses all subject areas of hydraulics with clarity, and provides an in-depth understanding of the theoretical aspects by using detailed step-by-step worked examples. In addition, the plethora of exercises and problems provide a solid pedagogical tool for mastering the material. The textbook is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, but also for engineers practicing in the general area of hydraulics. Based on my thirty years of academic experience in hydraulic engineering, I fully appreciate and unequivocally endorse this textbook.' Panagiotis (Pete) D. Scarlatos, Florida Atlantic University'This handily focused and lucidly written textbook presents the indispensable information needed for a course on civil engineering hydraulics. The textbook's author writes from his extensive experience teaching hydraulics, and draws on his considerable insights into the practical hydraulics issues often faced by civil engineers.' Robert Ettema, Colorado State University'An excellent reference for a course in hydraulics covering fundamental principles in pipe flow, pumps, and open channel flow. With the numerous examples, this textbook will support learning very effectively in an undergraduate course or serve as review of hydraulics for a graduate course with exposure to more advanced topics.' Paola Passalacqua, University of Texas at Austin'This is an excellent textbook for learning and teaching the fundamentals of hydraulics and their applications in the fields of civil and environmental engineering. The topics covered in the book are comprehensive. The examples of numerical calculation help undergraduate and graduate students better understand the fundamental concepts, and the problems are well designed with different levels of challenge and importance.' Ming Ye, Florida State UniversityTable of ContentsPreface; Notation; 1. Hydrostatics; 2. Flow in Pipes; 3. Hydrodynamics; 4. Pumps; 5. Turbines; 6. Water Hammer; 7. Pipe Flow Oscillations; 8. Steady Uniform Flow in Open Channels; 9. Rapidly Varied Flow in Open Channels; 10. Gradually Varied Flow in Open Channels; 11. Unsteady Flow in Open Channels; 12. Culverts; 13. Spillways and Gates; 14. Hydrology; 15. Geohydrology; 16. Groundwater; Appendices; References; Index.

    15 in stock

    £47.49

  • John Wiley & Sons Inc Principles of Water Resources

    10 in stock

    Book Synopsis

    10 in stock

    £152.95

  • Handbook of Knowledge Management for Sustainable

    John Wiley and Sons Ltd Handbook of Knowledge Management for Sustainable

    10 in stock

    Book SynopsisA comprehensive synthesis of the best practices for management in the vital and rapidly growing field of sustainable water systems Handbook of Knowledge Management for Sustainable Water Systems offers an authoritative resource that goes beyond the current literature to provide an interdisciplinary approach to the topic. The text explores the concept of knowledge management as a key asset and a crucial component of organizational strategy as applied to the sustainability of water systems. Using the knowledge management framework, the authors discuss socio-hydrology sustainable water systems that reflect the present political, economic and technological reality. The book draws on contributors from a number of disciplines including:economic development, financial, systems-networks, IT/IS data/analytics, behavioral, social, water systems, governance systems and related ecosystems. This vital resource: Contains a multifaceted approach that draws on a number of disciplines and contains coTable of ContentsList of contributors xiii Series Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xv Preface xvii Introduction and a theoretical framework for Knowledge Management for Sustainable Water Systems 1Meir Russ Part 1 Organizational and Administrative Aspects of Knowledge Management for Sustainable Water Systems 13 1 Perspectives from a water research institute on Knowledge Management for Sustainable Water Management 15Janet G. Hering, Lothar Nunnenmacher and Harald von Waldow Introduction 15 1.1 The setting – Eawag’s funding, scope and mandate 17 1.2 Understanding SWM-related demands for KM at Eawag 18 1.3 Current measures to meet SWM-related demands for KM at Eawag 19 1.3.1 Data management 19 1.3.2 Management of scientific and technical knowledge 22 1.3.3 Management of experiential and practical knowledge 23 1.4 Unresolved issues and challenges in SWM-related KM 24 1.4.1 Information overload and fatigue 25 1.4.2 Open access 25 1.4.3 Quality control and collaborative editing 26 1.4.4 Resource demands 27 1.5 Future directions for SWM-related KM 27 1.6 Concluding comments 28 References 29 2 Information transfer and knowledge sharing by water user associations in China 35Dajun Shen, Xuedong Yu and Ali Guna Introduction 35 2.1 Literature review 36 2.2 WUA set-up and operation in China 38 2.3 WUA information transfer and knowledge sharing 39 2.3.1 Basic information 41 2.3.2 Water use management 44 2.3.3 Financial management 45 2.3.4 Infrastructure management 46 2.3.5 Water trade 47 2.4 WUA in Shiyang River basin 48 2.4.1 Water rights allocation 49 2.4.2 Stakeholders of WUA 49 2.4.3 Information transfer and knowledge sharing in water use management 50 2.4.4 Information transfer and knowledge sharing in water tariff management 50 2.4.5 Information transfer and knowledge sharing of water rights trade 52 2.5 Suggestions 55 References 57 3 Knowledge Management Systems for urban water sustainability: Lessons for developing nations 61Vallari Chandna and Ana Iusco Introduction 61 3.1 Population trends towards urbanization 62 3.2 Water issues plaguing South Africa 63 3.3 Evaluating South Africa 64 3.4 Sweden – the aspirational model 67 3.5 Urban water sustainability 69 3.6 Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs) 70 3.7 Knowledge Management for urban water sustainability in South Africa 71 3.8 Conclusion 75 References 76 4 A Knowledge Management model for corporate water responsibility 79Fabien Martinez Introduction 79 4.1 Corporate water responsibility as a socially oriented process 81 4.2 Insights from Knowledge Management theory 85 4.3 Contribution, limitations and implications 88 4.4 Conclusion 92 References 93 5 How 21st Century Knowledge Management can greatly improve talent management for sustainable water project-teams 99Stephen Atkins, Lesley Gill, Kay Lion, Marie Schaddelee and Tonny Tonny Introduction 99 5.1 Talent-requirements or competency modeling as applied to water projects 101 5.1.1 Aspects of modern HR management relevant to staffing project teams 102 5.1.2 Currently available HR-related online technologies in the public domain 108 5.1.3 Practices specific to sustainable water-aid 109 5.2 Empirical glimpse at needed competencies for sustainable water projects via HR big data 110 5.2.1 Fundamentals of statistical dimension-reduction 110 5.2.2 Q-methodology contrasted with traditional R-methodology/questionnaire factor analysis 110 5.2.3 Important big data sources for future water-project required talents 111 5.2.4 Water-project data source for water-related talents specific to the “war on unsafe water” 112 5.2.5 First empirical study of O*Net competencies specific to sustainable water-aid projects 113 5.3 How modern knowledge-management technologies can make competency tests “time-affordable” 116 5.3.1 A resurgence to computer-adaptive testing afforded by 21st century crowd-sourcing 119 5.3.2 Why modern Knowledge Management applied to talent management needs CAT 120 5.4 Limitations 124 5.5 Future research 126 5.6 Conclusion 126 References 129 6 How sustainable innovations win in the fish industry: Theorizing incumbent-entrant dynamics across aquaculture and fisheries 133Bilgehan Uzunca and Shuk-Ching Li Introduction 133 6.1 Background 135 6.1.1 Including sustainability in business value 135 6.1.2 Linking sustainable innovations to Incumbent-Entrant Dynamics (IED) 137 6.2 Theorizing incumbent-entrant dynamics in the fish industry 138 6.2.1 Industry setting – the global fish industry 138 6.2.2 The incumbent firms 140 6.2.3 The entrants 141 6.3 Data and methods 142 6.3.1 An analysis of incumbents’ sustainability 142 6.3.2 Sample 145 6.4 Results 146 6.5 Discussion 150 References 152 7 Decrease in federal regulations in the U.S.: Preparing for dirty water, can Knowledge Management help? 157Breanne Parr Introduction 157 7.1 The Clean Water Act of 1972 158 7.1.1 Unsafe water 158 7.2 Regulation rollback 159 7.3 CWA offenders 160 7.3.1 Arsenic and other chemicals in West Virginia 161 7.3.2 Chemical spill in West Virginia 161 7.3.3 Lead in Michigan 162 7.3.4 Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Ontario 163 7.3.5 Toxin in Ohio 164 7.3.6 Case summary 165 7.4 Knowledge Management – dirty water 165 7.5 Avoiding non-potable water without federal restrictions 167 7.6 Conclusion 168 References 169 Part 2 Regional Aspects of Knowledge Management for Sustainable Water Systems 173 8 Knowledge Management strategies for drinking water protection in mountain forests 175Roland Koeck, Eduard Hochbichler and Harald Vacik Introduction 175 8.1 Knowledge Management basics in forest ecosystems 176 8.2 Identify and generate knowledge about DWPS in forested catchments 177 8.2.1 General outline for knowledge generation 177 8.2.2 General knowledge base – the water protection functionality of forest ecosystems 178 8.3 Application of the knowledge-base 180 8.3.1 The Forest Hydrotope Model – the specific knowledge level 180 8.3.2 Best Practices – the general knowledge level 183 8.4 Decision Support System – specific examples 186 8.5 Knowledge transfer to stakeholders 187 8.5.1 Participative stakeholder workshops and panel discussions 188 8.5.2 Field excursions to representative forest stands 189 8.5.3 Application of Best Practices in a pilot case 189 8.5.4 Handbook “Soil Functions for the Water Sector” 189 8.5.5 Evaluation 190 8.6 Synthesis and lessons learned 190 References 192 9 Knowledge Management, openness and transparency in sustainable water systems: The case of Eau Méditerranée 197Chris Kimble and Isabelle Bourdon Introduction 197 9.1 Background/context 198 9.1.1 Big Data 198 9.1.2 The regulation of water in France 199 9.1.3 New Public Management 199 9.1.4 Cross transparency requirements 200 9.2 The case study – Eau Méditerranée 200 9.2.1 Methodology 201 9.2.2 Presentation of the findings from the case study 202 9.2.3 Summary of the case study 205 9.3 An analysis of the case study 206 9.3.1 The traditional approach to Knowledge Management 207 9.3.2 Zuboff’s Information Panopticon/Open Source Model 209 9.3.3 Foucault’s perspective 211 9.4 Lessons to be learned/practical implications 213 9.4.1 Granularity 214 9.4.2 A diversity of viewpoints 214 9.4.3 Closing the loop 215 9.5 Knowledge Management and sustainability 215 References 217 10 Complexity, collective action and water management: The case of Bilbao ria 221Laura Albareda and Jose Antonio Campos Introduction 221 10.1 Conceptual analysis 225 10.1.1 Common resources and complexity 225 10.1.2 Commons’ governance and collective action 227 10.1.3 Water management: From control to adaptive water management 229 10.2 Case study: Water management and collective action in the Bilbao estuary 231 10.2.1 The estuary’s natural ecosystem as a pole for economic growth: Industrial development and pollution 232 10.2.2 Collective action: Bilbao-Biscay Water Consortium 235 10.2.3 Water supply, collection and distribution 237 10.2.4 The plan for the integral sanitation and clean-up of the estuary 238 10.2.5 Building new water sanitation integrated infrastructures 241 10.3 Inquiring adaptive water management and Knowledge Management approach 244 10.3.1 Bilbao-Biscay Water Consortium: From control to adaptive water management 244 10.3.2 Bilbao-Biscay Water Consortium: Analysis of innovative adaptive water management case 247 10.4 Conclusions 255 Endnotes 256 References 258 11 Virtual and inter-organizational processes of knowledge creation and Ba for sustainable management of rivers 261Federico Niccolini, Chiara Bartolacci, Cristina Cristalli and Daniela Isidori Introduction 261 11.1 Theoretical framework 264 11.2 Methods 267 11.3 Approach 268 11.3.1 The Flumen and BIVEE projects. A safe and sustainable future for a dangerous and neglected river 268 11.3.2 The BLESS+ project and the SECI model applied to develop solutions for the safety and the sustainable management of a river 275 11.4 Conclusion 278 References 282 12 Water metabolism in the socio-economic system 287Delin Fang and Bin Chen 12.1 Background 287 12.2 Introduction to water metabolism 288 12.3 Review of methodologies for water metabolism 290 12.4 Water metabolism in China and its nexus with other resources 295 12.5 Conclusions 297 References 298 Index 301

    10 in stock

    £103.50

  • Industrial Water Resource Management

    John Wiley and Sons Ltd Industrial Water Resource Management

    10 in stock

    Book SynopsisProvides the tools that allow companies to understand the fundamental concepts of water resource management and to take proper action towards sustainable development Businesses, communities, and ecosystems everywhere depend on clean freshwater to survive and prosper. When the same source of water is shared for economic, social, and environmental causes it becomes the responsibility of every sector to develop a sustainable water strategy beneficial for all. This book offers a water resource management plan for industries that is directly implementable and consistent with the Water Framework Directives of different countries with a special emphasis on developing countriesa plan that is economically efficient, socially equitable, and environmentally sustainable. Industrial Water Resource Management, Challenges and Opportunities for Efficient Water Stewardship offers explicit technical and investment solutions, socioeconomic and legal instruments, and recommeTrade Review"The book is well written, with case studies, illustrations, and tables to explain the underlying concepts in each chapter. The chapters are structured well and provide consistent and step-by-step information from simple concept introduction to more complex topics. This book provides useful tools for industry, communities, policy makers, as well as advanced-level undergraduate and graduate students to develop a sustainable water strategy." Vadose Zone Journal, November 2018Table of ContentsSeries Editor Foreword – Challenges in Water Management xvi Foreword xviii Preface xx Acknowledgements xxv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The context 1 1.1.1 The story of Coca]Cola in India 2 1.2 Water goals in the 21st Century 4 1.3 Water ethics 7 1.4 Value of water 10 1.4.1 Water valuation 11 1.4.2 Application of water valuation 12 1.5 Water and energy nexus 13 1.5.1 Impact of energy production on water resources 16 1.6 Global water stress 17 1.7 Industrial impact on water resource 20 1.7.1 Impact on the quantity of the source water 20 1.7.2 Hydro]morphological impact 20 1.7.3 Quality impact 20 1.7.4 Impact on the access to water by the stakeholders 21 1.7.5 Affordability of water 21 1.8 Water sustainability 21 1.9 Impact of climate change 24 1.10 Dimensions in industrial water management 25 1.10.1 Global perspective 27 1.10.2 Water accounting 27 1.10.3 Water stewardship 28 1.10.4 Adaptive management 28 1.11 Green growth and green business 28 1.11.1 The challenges of green growth 29 1.11.2 Natural capital concept 30 1.11.3 Green growth policy fundamentals 30 1.11.4 Indicators of green growth 31 1.12 Conclusion 31 Note 32 Bibliography 32 2 Water Scenarios and Business Models of The Twenty]first Century 37 2.1 Water scenario 37 2.1.1 Countrywise water scenario 39 2.2 Water indicators 45 2.2.1 Baseline water stress 45 2.2.2 Inter]annual variability 46 2.2.3 Water conflict 46 2.2.4 River basins and aquifers under threat and conflict 47 2.2.5 Physical water risk in business 49 2.2.6 Disruption in the supply chain 49 2.2.7 Failure to meet basic water needs 49 2.3 Global water trends 50 2.4 Business models 50 2.4.1 Business as usual model 51 2.4.2 Alternative model 51 2.5 Integrated water resource management 52 2.5.1 History of IWRM 53 2.5.2 Principles of IWRM 53 2.6 Sustainable development goal for business sector 56 2.7 Conclusion 56 Bibliography 58 3 Understanding Water 61 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Hydrological cycle 63 3.2.1 Water cycle and ecosystems 67 3.3 Water on land 67 3.3.1 Soil water 68 3.4 Stores of water 70 3.5 Surface runoff 72 3.5.1 Meteorological factors affecting runoff 72 3.5.2 Physical factors affecting runoff 72 3.5.3 Human activities can affect runoff 73 3.6 River and river basin 74 3.6.1 Stream order 76 3.6.2 Drainage basin, catchment and watershed boundaries 76 3.6.3 Classification of river basin and hydrological unit 76 3.7 Industrial impact on river flow 78 3.7.1 Temporal and spatial control over river flow 79 3.7.2 Water direct withdrawal 79 3.7.3 Physical disturbance of riverbeds 79 3.7.4 Pollution 79 3.7.5 Water clogging 80 3.8 Surface water management 81 3.8.1 Key component of a SWMP 82 3.9 Groundwater 83 3.9.1 Groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology) 84 3.9.2 Fundamentals concepts 85 3.9.3 Aquifer and confining beds 85 3.9.4 Groundwater system 95 3.9.5 Essential studies in groundwater 96 3.9.6 Relation between groundwater withdrawal and stream flow 98 3.9.7 Groundwater withdrawal in the recharging zone 100 3.9.8 Hydrogeological investigation 100 3.9.5 Groundwater management 103 3.10 Conclusion 103 Notes 106 Bibliography 106 4 Corporate Water Stewardship 109 4.1 Introduction 109 4.2 Why water stewardship? 110 4.2.1 Partnership development 111 4.2.2 Improve efficiency 111 4.2.3 Public acceptance 112 4.2.4 Incentives 112 4.2.5 Balancing risk and economic performance 113 4.2.6 Reinforces communication 113 4.3 Aspects of water stewardship 116 4.3.1 Legal aspect 116 4.3.2 Environmental aspect 117 4.3.3 Social aspect 117 4.3.4 Technological aspect 117 4.3.5 Economic aspect 119 4.4 Challenges in water stewardship 119 4.4.1 Legal challenges 119 4.4.2 Challenges in the value chain 120 4.4.3 Watershed Challenges 121 4.4.4 Social challenges 122 4.4.5 Market challenges 124 4.5 Developing a corporate strategy in water stewardship 125 4.5.1 Understand and recognise sustainability 126 4.5.2 Develop an engagement framework 126 4.5.3 Identification of stakeholders 126 4.5.4 Engagement risks 127 4.5.5 Collective action framework 127 4.6 Goals and commitments 129 4.7 Establish systems and processes 132 4.8 Opportunities in water stewardship 132 4.8.1 Management improvement 132 4.8.2 Knowledge asset development 133 4.8.3 Investment 133 4.8.4 Developing information and database 133 4.8.5 Human resource development 136 4.9 Water Literacy 138 4.9.1 Definition and concept 138 4.9.2 Water literacy framework 139 4.10 Action programmes under WSI 140 4.10.1 Conduct a water resource assessment 140 4.10.2 Conduct a water footprint analysis 140 4.10.3 Conduct a sustainability analysis 140 4.10.4 Water accounting and disclosure 141 4.10.5 Implement mitigation measures 142 4.11 Outcome of water stewardship initiatives (WSI) 142 4.12 Water stewardship standards 142 4.13 Global organisations for facilitating water stewardship 143 4.14 Water stewardship tools 150 4.15 Case studies 150 4.15.1 Unilever 150 4.15.2 BASF 151 4.15.3 TOM’s of Maine 151 4.15.4 Mars Inc. 151 4.15.5 Nestlé 152 4.15.6 Coca]Cola 152 4.16 Conclusion 153 Bibliography 153 5 Water Governance Framework and Water Acts 158 5.1 Introduction 158 5.2 What is water governance? 159 5.3 Water laws 161 5.4 Tasks of water governance 161 5.5 Challenges in water governance 162 5.6 Legal framework 163 5.7 Institutional framework 164 5.7.1 Ministries 166 5.7.2 Government departments 166 5.7.3 Authorities 167 5.7.4 Institutions 167 5.8 Principles of water governance 167 5.9 Spatial scale of water governance 168 5.10 Hierarchical governance 169 5.11 Cross]cutting authority of governance 170 5.12 Stakeholders engagement in water governance 170 5.13 Functions and functionaries of the water governance 171 5.14 Role of civil society organisations (CSO) 172 5.15 Water governance framework of different countries (case studies) 174 5.15.1 European union water framework directives 174 5.15.2 Water governance in Australia 176 5.15.3 Water governance in Brazil 178 5.15.4 Water governance in Canada 179 5.15.5 Water governance in China 181 5.15.6 Water governance in India 183 5.15.7 Water governance in Indonesia 185 5.15.8 Water governance in Namibia 185 5.15.9 Water governance in South Africa 188 5.16 Conclusion 190 Notes 190 Bibliography 191 6 Water Quality Standards and Water Pollution 195 6.1 Water quality]standards 195 6.1.1 Introduction 195 6.1.2 Quality parameters for drinking water 196 6.1.3 Microbiological contaminants 197 6.1.4 Physical parameters 197 6.1.5 Organic chemical pollutants 197 6.1.6 Parameters indicative of environmental pollution 197 6.1.7 Guidelines for standard quality parameters 202 6.1.8 Water quality requirements of industries 202 6.1.9 Water quality of effluent 205 6.2 Industrial water pollution 210 6.2.1 Definition 210 6.2.2 Direct reasons of water pollution 216 6.2.3 Indirect reasons of pollution 216 6.2.4 Indicators of industrial water pollution 217 6.2.5 Socio economic indicator of water pollution 217 6.2.6 Biological indicators of water pollution 218 6.2.7 Industrial sources of pollution 219 6.2.8 Water pollution from industrial emission 219 6.2.9 Water pollution from industrial effluent 221 6.2.10 Water pollution from solid]waste disposal 222 6.2.11 Impacts of mining on water quality 222 6.2.12 Water pollution potentiality in petrochemical and power industry 222 6.2.13 Groundwater pollution from industrial effluents and leachates 223 6.2.14 Water pollution identifiers 227 6.2.15 Management and control of water pollution 228 6.2.16 Wastewater management 232 6.2.17 Disposal of wastewater 233 6.2.18 Effluent treatment 235 6.2.19 Treatment methods 235 6.2.20 Solid]waste management 238 6.2.21 Management of leachate 241 6.3 Conclusion 241 Notes 241 Bibliography 241 7 Water Abstraction, Purification and Distribution 246 7.1 Overview 246 7.2 Water sourcing by industries 247 7.3 Surface water abstraction 248 7.3.1 Reservoir intake 249 7.3.2 River and lake intakes 251 7.3.3 Impacts of surface water abstraction 252 7.4 Methods of groundwater abstraction 253 7.4.1 Abstraction of baseflow 253 7.4.2 Abstraction of groundwater from aquifer 254 7.4.3 Construction of a tube well 255 7.4.4 Impacts of groundwater abstraction 262 7.5 Water abstraction from the sea 264 7.5.1 Environmental impact of seawater withdrawal 264 7.6 Conveyance system 264 7.6.1 Conveying water from the source to the treatment plant 265 7.7 Water purification 265 7.7.1 Primary screening 267 7.7.2 Clarification 267 7.7.3 Disinfection 269 7.7.4 Desalination 269 7.7.5 Membrane technologies 270 7.8 Water supply and distribution 274 7.8.1 Pipes 275 7.8.2 Storage system 275 7.9 Water delivery and distribution software 277 7.9.1 Overview 278 7.9.2 Capabilities 278 7.9.3 Applications 279 7.10 Conclusion 280 Bibliography 280 8 Water Resource Assessment 282 8.1 Introduction 282 8.2 Water resource assessment tools 284 8.3 General scenario 286 8.4 WRA basics 286 8.4.1 Conceptual and policy framework 286 8.4.2 Defining a research agenda 288 8.4.3 Defining the physical boundary 288 8.5 WRA data generation 289 8.5.1 Secondary data collection 289 8.5.2 Primary data generation 290 8.5.3 Biophysical data 290 8.5.4 Hydrometeorological data 294 8.5.5 Data table 295 8.5.6 Hydrogeological data 295 8.5.7 Socioeconomic data 297 8.5.8 Water use and discharge 298 8.6 Water balance 298 8.7 Estimation of surface runoff 299 8.7.1 Khosla’s Formula 301 8.7.2 Estimation of rainfall runoff by SCS curve number (CN) method 301 8.7.3 Runoff calculation 304 8.8 Estimation of stream discharge 308 8.8.1 Volumetric gauging 308 8.8.2 Float gauging 308 8.8.3 Current metering 308 8.9 Estimation of renewable groundwater resource 309 8.9.1 Water level fluctuation method 309 8.9.2 Rainfall infiltration method 311 8.9.3 Soil water balance method 311 8.10 Estimation of pond/reservoir storage volume 312 8.10.1 Area calculation irregularly shaped ponds 312 8.10.2 Pond depth and volume estimation 313 8.11 Estimation of source]water quality 313 8.11.1 Water sampling 314 8.11.2 Water analysis 316 8.12 Aquifer test 316 8.12.1 Field procedures 317 8.12.2 Test procedures 317 8.12.3 Pumping test data reduction and presentation 320 8.12.4 Analysis of test results 320 8.12.5 Calculations and aquifer test results 321 8.13 Build understanding of key catchment processes and interaction 321 8.14 Long]term simulation of catchment behaviour 321 8.15 Assessment of sustainable and exploitable water over assessment period 321 8.16 Presentation of water resource assessment 322 8.17 Conclusion 322 Note 323 Bibliography 323 9 Corporate Water Accounting and Disclosure 325 9.1 The context 325 9.1.1 Water Risk 325 9.1.2 Water stress 327 9.1.3 Water intensity 328 9.2 Methods of assessing water risk 328 9.2.1 Water risk assessment tools 328 9.2.2 Data generation and internal assessment 332 9.3 Water profiling 332 9.3.1 Water profile of the basin 332 9.3.2 Benefit of a watershed profile 333 9.3.3 Water profile of a company 334 9.3.4 Water balance calculation 335 9.3.5 Impact assessment 337 9.4 Water footprint 338 9.4.1 The relevance of WFA to industry 341 9.4.2 Virtual water chain 342 9.4.3 Assessment of green water footprint 342 9.4.4 Assessment of blue water footprint 343 9.4.5 Assessment of grey water footprint (GWF) 344 9.4.6 Assessment of business water footprint (BWF) 345 9.4.7 Life cycle–based assessment 351 9.4.8 Application of water footprint assessment 352 9.4.9 Benefits of WFA 352 9.4.10 Water footprint assessment as a framework for corporate water sustainability 353 9.4.11 International standards of water footprint assessment 355 9.4.12 Case studies 355 9.5 Industrial response to WF assessment 356 9.6 Water disclosure document 356 9.7 Benefits of water disclosure 357 9.8 Conclusion 357 Notes 358 Bibliography 358 10 Detection of Water Loss and Methods of Water Conservation in Industries 361 10.1 Overview 361 10.2 Getting started: Develop a water conservation strategy 362 10.3 Detection of overuse 363 10.3.1 Benchmarking 363 10.4 Water audit 364 10.4.1 Fundamentals of water audit 364 10.4.2 Benefits of water audit 365 10.4.3 Scopes and objectives of water audit 366 10.4.4 Human resource requirements for water audit 366 10.4.5 Corporate process in water audit 367 10.4.6 Water audit processes 368 10.4.7 Water audit software 376 10.4.8 Industrial response to water audit report 380 10.4.9 Real loss management 382 10.5 Methods of water conservation 382 10.5.1 Water use management 382 10.5.2 Demand management 383 10.5.3 Changing the water use behaviour 384 10.5.4 Water use assessment 384 10.5.5 Reduced consumption and water loss 384 10.5.6 Reuse and recycle 385 10.5.7 Zero liquid discharge plants 385 10.6 Water saving in agriculture industries 386 10.6.1 Soil moisture sensors 386 10.6.2 Rain sensors 386 10.6.3 Drip/micro–irrigation 387 10.6.4 Sprinkler heads 387 10.6.5 Centre pivot irrigation 387 10.7 Rainwater harvesting 388 10.7.1 Introduction 388 10.7.2 Regulations and guidelines 389 10.7.3 Why industries should take up RWH 390 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