Books by Maryann C Wythers

Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Chapter One discusses advantages for optical applications with transparent polycrystalline ceramic materials. Chapter Two reviews K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based lead-free transparent ceramics. Chapter Three describes the operation principles and requirements for photodetector (PD) devices, followed by the latest developments in materials and device architectures. Chapter Four studies applications of infrared thermography to the analysis of steel welded junctions. Chapter Five discusses Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) as a method that uses liquid feedstock. Chapter Six reviews the recent studies on the structural, electronic, optical and mechanical properties of silicene-derivative structures. In Chapter Seven, the correlations between experimental and theoretical results have been established in order to gain complete insight into structural features which enable modeling and synthesis of novel APD molecules with potential usage in various industries. Chapter Eight considers the analytical capabilities of two methods for studying the composition of gold-bearing samples.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Chapter One discusses the properties of functionally graded material produced with additive manufacturing technology. Chapter Two reviews synthetic smectite materials as catalyst precursors and solid base catalysts. Chapter Three reviews current literature on metallic bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) focusing on the development of protective coatings for imparting both corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity to these components. Chapter Four examines layered hydrolyzed EVA films. Chapter Five focuses on the synthesis and characterization of polyphenylenes and their derivatives as well as their applications in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Chapter Six discusses the characterization of thermal conductivity and tool-part thermal resistance in composite processing. Chapter Seven examines the effect of biodeterioration on mechanical properties of hemp natural fiber reinforced composite. Chapter Eight provides a comparative study on the effective properties of equivalent fiber.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Chapter One examines chiral metamaterials. Chapter Two discusses chitosan-based planar optical waveguides for relative humidity measurements. Chapter Three investigates the ultrafast magnon dynamics in antiferromagnetic 3d-transition-metal monoxides NiO and MnO using optical pump-probe spectroscopy and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Chapter Four analyzes luminescent Zn/Cd-based metalorganic frameworks and their applications. Chapter Five focuses on the development and characterization of textile-based strain sensors for healthcare applications. Chapter Six examines the electronic properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and its monomer using the Semi-Empirical Zerner Modified Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap (ZINDO) method of INDO/1 as a parameterization. Chapter Seven investigates the adhesion of the Legionella Pneumophila bacteria to the surfaces of plumbing materials. Chapter Eight discusses the mechanical behavior of borophene structures using molecular mechanics.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Chapter One reviews the advances achieved over the last three years by exploiting photo-induced polymerization processes for the obtainment of functional (and often nanostructured) coatings. Chapter Two analyzes superalloy machining. Chapter Three examines a mechanistic exposure of welded Ni-Mo-Cr-Fe alloys in coal gasification syngas plants for morphological and microstructural examination and corrosion mechanism study. Chapter Four discusses atomistic investigations of ion migration in electroactive polymers. Chapter Five focuses on the property and electron shift kinetics of glassy carbon electrodes, and explores biosensor technology that bred diverse trends in detecting heavy metal ions with the adoption of glassy carbon electrode. Chapter Six provides a review of studies regarding antioxidant reaction mechanisms and their electroanalytical applications in glassy carbon electrodes. Chapter Seven investigates the effect of A-site and B-site isovalent doping in Bismuth Titanate ceramics on its dielectric and ferroelectric properties. Chapter Eight concludes with the current progress in the synthesis and luminescence properties of doped Bismuth complex oxides.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. In Chapter One, with regard to the reinforcement elements transfer from gas to liquid, various models more or less complex were proposed according to the simplifying assumptions that were made. Chapter Two provides the main classification and characteristics of composite materials with metal matrix. Analysed are the composites with metal matrix, specifically regarding to the matrix type, and type, the size and shape of reinforcements. Chapter Three reports on the research project on the effectiveness of geocell reinforced pavement, which included theoretical work with analytical solutions, numerical analyses with parametric study and experimental analyses with laboratory experimental tests and test field experiments. Chapter Four studies conditions for necking in neat polymers of different type and composites on their basis. Measurements have been made on polyethylene, which is a classical model polymer with simple molecular structure. Chapter Five reports on a method of modifying the polyester material to produce ion exchange fibre sorbents.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Materials Science Research. Volume 32 provides an overview on graphene oxide and discusses its role as a starting material building block in the fabrication of either graphene oxide or graphene (reduced graphene oxide) based nanocomposites. Characterization of such nanocomposites by various techniques and their uses in electrode surface modifications for electrochemical sensing applications are discussed in detail. The authors discuss Tribolab, a materials tribology experiment that was flown on board the International Space Station from February 2008 to September 2009. The main objective of the experiment was the study of the behaviour of new solid lubricants (specifically, molybdenum disulphide MoS2 alloyed with tungsten carbide) under real space conditions. The authors discuss facsimiles, a reprint of an out-of-print book that represents an identical reproduction of the original, aiming to establish which non-invasive methods give the instructions for preparing the proper facsimile. Later, an innovative, rapid sol-gel method for producing bioglass and bioceramic nanopowder is developed to produce pure amorphous bioglasses from a quaternary system containing sodium. This is 200 times quicker in comparison to conventional aqueous sol-gel bioglass preparation, and 100 times quicker than standard sol-gel bioceramic methods. Arylboronic acids are also explored for their applications in organic synthesis, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, biology, medicine and material engineering. They can form different supramolecular systems via both covalent as well as hydrogen bonds.

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Book SynopsisPiezoelectricity is the generation of electrical charge in response to mechanical stress and vice versa. In this compilation, bismuth-based ceramics having chemical formula 0.96[{Bi0.5 (Na0.84K0.16)0.5}1-xLix(Ti1-yNby)O3]0.04SrTiO3 (BNKLiTNST) with x=y = 00.030 were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction method, and a stack-type multilayer actuator was fabricated by using optimal composition. The effect of Li and Nb co-substitution on structure and electrical properties of BNKTST ceramics was explored. The extracellular matrix is composed of various types of proteins and carbohydrates, and the compositions are different according to tissue type and developmental and pathological states. The authors compare the advantages and disadvantages between tissues/organs-derived decellularized matrices and cultured cell-derived decellularized matrices. In addition, recent studies on understanding extracellular matrix roles with cultured cell-derived decellularized matrices are introduced. The aim of the following work is to perform a detailed investigation of the evolution of dislocation substructure during hot deformation of austenite within a dynamic recovery regime using transmission electron microscopy. A 22Cr-19Ni-3Mo (wt.%) model austenitic stainless steel was used as an experimental material and the deformation was performed in torsion at 900 C at a strain rate of 0.7 s-1 to several strain levels. Carbon-based materials have gained tremendous attention owing to their widespread application in catalytic, electrochemical, and energy storage systems. Among them, carbon aerogels are a new type of nanomaterial: a porous carbon material with a three-dimensional (3D) network. The authors present various types of carbon aerogels and synthetic strategies to fabricate them. The applications of carbon aerogels such as catalysis, energy storage, hydrogen storage and oil cleanup are comprehensively discussed. The well-documented health benefits of tannic acid, along with its low cost has attracted significant interests from researchers. As such, this compilation also discusses the complexation between tannic acid and proteins leading to fabrication of biodegradable protein-tannic acid multilayers. The section further explains the different fabrication and characterization techniques, the factors behind the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes, the multilayers physicochemical properties. Next, the authors present a research review, regarding the study of stress concentration in fiber reinforced polymer composites, made by different authors. These materials, composed of a matrix and fibers, have a mechanical behavior that depends on the mechanical characteristics of each of them and the orientation of the fibers, variables that are considered in this review, which are evident in the stress concentration due to geometric discontinuities, which can be located in different ways. Later, one chapter discusses the synthesis and thermal diffusivity/conductivity of dysprosium zirconate, cerate and hafnate as a new type of material with pyrochlore/fluorite lattices to replace conventional yttria stabilized zirconia ZrO2 × Y2O3 in thermal barrier coatings systems for aircraft gas turbines. The necessity to develop new material solutions for thermal barrier coatings systems is related to the increased outlet temperature in gas turbines. The temperature and dislocations distributed in Liquid-Phase-Pulse-Impact Diffusion Welding welded joints of aluminum matrix composite SiCp & Al2O3p/AlMg1SiCu is also investigated. Results show that the area between the solid phase and liquid phase increases with welding temperature increment; the internal stress at interface of SiCp/AlMg1SiCu releases to improve the strength of welded joints attractively, and more. Finally, a generalized phenomenological model is developed which describes the process of fragmentation of polycrystalline structure of metals/alloys during severe plastic deformation. This model has been generalized to achieve the stated goal. The grain boundaries and dislocations that are responsible for the formation of the fine-grained structure and the limit of the plastic are considered as the main structural defects.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Materials Science Research. Volume 34 begins with a review of results on the modelling of the plasma-assisted growth of vertically aligned carbon nanostructures (VACNs). Growth of carbon nanofibers, single-walled carbon nanotubes and other carbon nanostructures are considered, as well as studies that use the mechanistic models based on mass balance equations for species. Next, data on the application of Rayleigh and Mandelstam-Brillouin scattering (RMBS) spectroscopy to controlling the elastic, elasto-optic, optical parameters of inorganic glasses, crystals, and glass-crystalline materials is reviewed. The possibilities of using RMBS spectroscopy for research and development of materials for optical and electro-optical fiber drawing, as well as glasses doped with rare earth ions and quantum dots, are considered. The authors go on to propose that the purification of graphene from heavy metals can be performed by bombardment with noble gas clusters. The method of molecular dynamics is used to study the removal of copper, lead, and mercury from graphene by irradiating the target using a beam of Ar13 or Xe13 clusters with energies of 530 eV at angles of incidence 0, 45, 60, and 90. As an indispensable component of future flexible electronics, flexible resistive switching memories have recently garnered great interest globally. As such, a comprehensive review on the recent progress in this field is presented with a particular emphasis on materials and devices. A short discussion on the current challenges and future prospects of flexible resistive switching memories is also provided. Following this, the authors aim to present a comprehensive examination of the different catalysts used in hydroisomerization reactions, focusing: the acid support, mainly zeolites, the precious metals that offer the hydrogenating sites and the methodologies used to produce effective bifunctional catalysts. The catalysts used in industrial refining processes as well as new research trends are surveyed. A fast, efficient and versatile route for the synthesis of 4,4-diaminotriarylmethanes using Sr(DS)2 as a Lewis acid-surfactant-combined catalyst (LASCs) in the presence of N,N-dimethyl aniline and aryl aldehydes is reported in closing. LASCs not only act as a Lewis acid to activate substrate molecules, but also serve as a surfactant to form stable colloidal dispersion systems with organic substrates.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Materials Science Research. Volume 35 opens with an examination of the effect of bismaleimides based on the Diels-Alder reaction mechanism on high performance aerospace carbon fibre reinforced plastics. More precisely, the interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional bismaleimide modified composites and their healing capabilities were measured under mode I and mode II fracture loading conditions. Following this, polyacrylonitrile nanofibers are first obtained from polyacrylonitrile in dimethylformamide by electrospinning. Then, the carbon nanofibers are obtained by calcination of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers. Additionally, the capacity of these materials to promote oxygen reduction reaction is evaluated. As new sorbents are developed for purifying gases or liquids via physisorption and/or chemisorption processes, the objective is typically to increase the specific surface area to maximize the available binding sites for capturing various species of interest. One drawback to making a sorbent more porous is that it often leads to a product that is fragile or friable and can be damaged, thus imposing process limitations. Thus, the authors propose an alternative approach for improving the mechanical integrity of the sorbent by binding it within a porous matrix that passively holds the sorbent in place. Next, evidence that the nanopillared graphene surface can induce strong dewettability is been reported by molecular dynamics simulations. The retracting and detaching behaviors of the liquid film can be effectively controlled by tuning the geometric parameters of the liquid film or nanopillar as well as the temperature. This compilation also includes a study which aims to present the advantages of using a thermodynamic analysis for the production of high purity hydrogen by the ethanol steam reforming combined with CO2 absorption (ESR-CO2-ABS). For this purpose, a thermodynamic analysis is used to find optimal reaction conditions for the ESR-CO2-ABS system. Thermodynamic analysis of the ESR-CO2-ABS system was performed using CaO, CaOMgO, Na2ZrO3, Li2ZrO3 and Li4SiO4 as CO2 absorbents to determine optimal operating conditions to generate high production and concentration of hydrogen in the product gas. In conclusion, the authors discuss how recently, research emphasis has been directed towards integrating multiple functions into polymer materials. Among these new advancements in materials science are functional polymers with structural designs for versatile applications. Piperazine is an interesting heterocyclic diamine which possess excellent medicinal and chelating property. Polymers and surfactants based on piperazine and surfactants have shown good hydrophilic, chelating anti-bacterial and anti-helminthic properties.

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Book SynopsisIn the preliminary study included in Advances in Materials Science Research. Volume 36, a novel fiberglass catalyst with highly dispersed 1-2 nm Pd clusters confined in the bulk of fiberglass at a depth of 10 nm was proposed. In spite of extremely low palladium content, this catalyst showed high performance in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Basic research of physicochemical properties of the silicate glass as well as the Pd/FG catalyst revealed that mass transfer of reagents in the bulk of glass does not limit the reaction rate, and the glass has a capability to absorb a large amount of polar or readily polarizable molecules like acetylene but not ethylene. In another study, vaporized materials (such as liquid vapors) were ejected through a nozzle into a vacuum, and liquid clusters with various cluster sizes were formed by adiabatic expansion. The vacuum has an important role in cluster formation, and the fundamental properties of the vacuum and clusters are described in terms of an existence in emptiness. Next, the following operations are discussed: mechanical cutting (with punching dies, guillotines, waterjets and laser beams), clamping, welding, riveting, and the coating of sheet surfaces with insulating layers. A practical laboratory stand for the examination of finished cores used in induction motors, designed by one of the authors at the Wrocław Branch of the Electrotechnical Institute, is presented. The authors deal with the issue of lead-free solders at high application temperatures, with the aim to study the effect of lanthanides addition on the properties of solders for high application temperatures. The Bi-based solders Bi11Ag2La, Bi2La, Bi2Y were designed and fabricated as innovative soldering alloys. The study of effect of lanthanides in the soldering process was especially oriented toward soldering Al2O3 and ZrO2 ceramic materials. Some examples of errors that can occur in soldering ae listed, while several selected defects are reviewed: non-wettability of the solder pads, dewetting, wrong solder mask design, warpage, head-in-pillow, cracks in the joints, pad cratering, black pad, solder beading, tombstoning, dendrites, voids, flux spattering from the solder paste, popcorning and whiskers. In closing, the authors discuss the development of processing technology for producing electrical steels with increased silicon content, which is considered one of the novel achievements in contemporary materials science dealing with magnetic materials. Commercially available steels produced by JFE Steel Corporation are analyzed.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Materials Science Research. Volume 37 begins by discussing the main properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cements used for orthopaedic surgery. In particular, emphasis is given to the fillers used to modify the solid phase of acrylic formulations, and this strategy is related to changes in their mechanical, biological, and clinical properties. Following this, the authors describe studies on the radiopaque agents of bone cements from 1960 to today. This research is divided into several time frames: 1960-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2010, and 2010-2018. An outlook for the future studies is also provided. A recent literature analysis in the field of spray pyrolysis production methods is presented, including the respective equipment requirements and the versatility of the materials. Examples of the application of ultrasonic spray nebulizers, laser and plasma atomizers are also provided. Next, a facile spray pyrolysis from a precursor solution with an ammonium additive is introduced to prepare porous nanostructured vanadium pentoxides. The correlation between porous structures and electrochemical properties of the PN-V2O5 electrodes was systematically investigated on rechargeable lithium batteries. Furthermore, some challenges are presented on the design of porous materials produced by spray pyrolysis for the application of lithium sulfur batteries. The authors discuss research on non-contact and non-destructive systems that excite surface acoustic waves using pulsed lasers and detect surface acoustic waves using laser Doppler detectors to observe the changes in the physical properties of the substrate surface. The concluding study focuses on the availability of modified epoxidized palm oil as pressure sensitive adhesives in medical applications. Epoxidized palm oil has been modified to two modifications of acrylation and maleination. Thus, there are requirements need to be met for pressure sensitive adhesive formulation before the curing process.

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Book SynopsisChapter one of Advances in Materials Science Research. Volume 38, critically scrutinizes various recycling techniques implemented in the current scenario for the polyvinyl chloride based products. The second chapter focuses on the nanocomposite of an important type of thermoplastic polyvinyl chloride. Carbon nanomaterials have gained significant research interest as polymer reinforcement. polyvinyl chloride/nanocarbon nanocomposites possess excellent electrical conductivity, thermal stability, glass transition temperature, strength, toughness, modulus, and other physical properties. The authors of the following chapter highlight the essence of the flux growth method including fundamental aspects for crystal growth in solutions, choice of flux growth, and environmental applications to ion exchangers. Next, an eigenvalue-based technique for the characterization of a class of coaxial-line-to-waveguide adaptors that are used for material characterization is presented. The goal of the penultimate section is to investigate of magneto-thermoelectric effects in porous semiconductors. Thermoelectric and magneto-thermoelectric effects in porous materials possess very interesting improved properties compared to the bulk counterparts. In the closing chapter, the authors review different ways to induce and modulate porosity in non-cordierite honeycomb-type materials, based both in our own experience and that from other authors reviewing literature to date

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Book SynopsisIn Volume 39 the origin and fundamentals of the electrodeposition technique are introduced, and the characteristics of the nucleation process are described. Additionally, a procedure to analyze the nucleation process in electrodeposition is explained. The authors go on to address the role electropolymerization plays in electrochemical systems in the context of interplay between kinetics and energetics. Next, spherulitic textures of poly[tetrafluoroethylene-co-(perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether)] (PFA) are examined in detail using polarized optical microscopy. The PFA consists of random comonomer units among the tetrafluoroethylene units which crystallize as spherulites composed of lamellae, although polytetrafluoroethylene usually forms extended-chain crystals because of the rigid nature of 13/6 helices. The effect of gluconates as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium is investigated, as well as the adsorption characteristic of gluconates. Lastly, attempts are made to study the correlation between the corrosion of two classes of mild steels, as well as their corrosion inhibition, versus the chemical compositions of two classes of mild steels suitable for galvanizing.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Materials Science Research. Volume 40 first summarizes the recently published literature regarding modern applications of lignocellulosic materials. Lignocellulosic materials were conventionally treated as wastes for disposal, but are gaining recognition for their role in the supply of renewable resources. The authors discuss in detail the material attributes of pullulan and their correlation with the quality attributes of finished formulation, including: assay, dissolution, related substances and content uniformity. Additionally, this compilation presents the development of a dip-coating instrument and its applications in the thin film deposition of colloidal nanocrystals. The instrument was based on an Arduino microcontroller, a stepper motor and a mechanical structure using a belt and pulley connection from motor to substrate holder. Silicone oil emulsions stabilized by various emulsifiers, such as surfactants, polymers, and solid particles (with and without pre-adsorbed surfactants or polymers) are also reviewed. Emulsion stability, interfacial properties, and rheological properties as a function of the emulsifier concentration in the complete emulsification of silicone oil are discussed. Next, the wet-chemical method was used to prepare various ZnO coated carbon nanotube nanocomposites, ZnO coated carbon black, ZnO coated graphene oxide, and ZnO nanoparticles in higher pH mediums. This approach was used to detect and quantify the xanthine in real samples. The concluding chapter highlights the results of studies on structure transformations in amorphous Fe-based alloys induced by laser irradiation, the kinetics and mechanisms of structure phase transitions, and the irradiation influence on magnetic and mechanical properties of the alloy.Table of ContentsPrefaceModern Applications of Lignocellulosic BiomaterialsPullulan: A Versatile Polymer for Casting Orodispersible FilmDevelopment of a Dip-Coating Instrument Based on an Arduino Microcontroller for Deposition of Cerium-Doped Titanium Dioxide Semiconductor Thin FilmsSilicone Oil EmulsionsXanthine Sensor with ZnO-Conjugated Carbon MaterialsEffect of Laser Irradiation on the Structure of IRON-Based Amorphous AlloysIndex.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation reports on the use of chemical modification as a complementary methodology in the study of various organic compounds by matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, particularly focusing on results obtained since the last decade of the 20th century. The influence of a three-phase contact line on extrinsic-substrate-induced nucleation is discussed in detail, and various geometric configurations corresponding to certain scenarios are also identified. The authors explore the synthesis and phase transitions in hexaferrites of Y-type, and emphasis is placed on the magnetic phase transition leading to the observation of magneto-electric effects. Features of the structure, properties and synthesis of various modifications of vanadium dioxide are discussed, and the effects of doping with hydrogen by means of plasma-immersion ion implantation are explored. Additionally, the structural, electronic, magnetic and optical properties of BiFeO3 and its doped sister compounds are studied experimentally using density functional theory calculations.Table of ContentsPreface; Complementary Derivatization in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry; Thermostability Analyses of Substrate-Geometry-Associated Physical Models of Heterogeneous Nucleation; Preparation and Phase Transitions in Y-Type Magneto-Electric Hexaferrites; Vanadium Oxide Thin Films: Metal-Insulator Transition, Electrical Switching, and Modification of the Properties by Ion Implantation; Doping in Multiferroic BiFeO3; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 42 first evaluates the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) or poly(vinylidene fluoride) and some of its copolymers and composites. The quantitative study of the p-type doping of a-Si:H thin films carried out by combining in situ Kelvin probe and UV-visible spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements is explored. The authors go on to discuss how graphene-based materials have shown great usefulness because they can be chemically combined with other materials to obtain new interesting materials with new chemical and physical properties In the subsequent study, electron transport properties of proposed field-effect transistors constructed by some low-dimensional nanomaterials are reported by the density functional theory simulation combined with a non-equilibrium Green function method. Following this, the methods used to synthesize structured catalytic supports by coating in spherical geometry are reviewed in conjunction with other coating methods on spheres with applications in photocatalysis. Additionally, a power storage system using spherical silicon solar cells, a maximum power point tracking charge controller, a lithium-ion battery and a direct current-alternating current inverter using silicon carbide devices is constructed and studied. The electrochemical behaviour of 316L stainless steel in the hypochlorite sodium bleaching process is also studied and findings are described. In the concluding study, on the basis of the the strain-rate cycling tests associated with the ultrasonic oscillation, p p was obtained as the effective stress due to the impurities which lie on the mobile dislocation.

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Book SynopsisVolume 43 begins with a review of the mechanical and durability properties and microstructural characteristics of concrete made with partial incorporation of coal bottom ash. Following this, the chemical aspects of interactions of aluminum-containing accelerators in Portland cement-based materials are described, explaining their effect on the kinetics of Portland cement hydration and the stability of Portland cement materials when exposed to various corrosive factors. A review of India''s cement industry is provided, particularly focusing on water positive manufacturing, consuming wastes like fly ash and slag, reducing CO2 emissions, and taxes. Several different types of single crystal and multilayer composite heavy-oxide scintillation materials are discussed, having been developed and characterized for fast neutron detection for homeland security and nuclear safeguards applications. A new class of inorganic hydrogen-containing scintillators based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate and related compounds activated by ions of thallium or cerium is also investigated. The use of mixed metal oxides as oxygen carriers under the chemical looping reaction scheme is proposed to overcome the current disadvantages of the partial oxidation of methane processes. In the concluding study, titanium, aluminum nitride and hafnium oxide thin films are applied to ceramic electrical insulators to promote surface self-cleaning properties to minimize the effects of leakage current.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Materials Science Research. Volume 44 provides an overview of the emerging field of phosphorescent nanomaterials, including synthesis protocols and characterization issues. The authors discuss the synthesis methods and characterization of synthesized compounds by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The carefully designed techniques for engineering process-induced strain to enhance carrier mobility or transform the band-gap from indirect to direct nano-devices are described. A compilation of investigations related to the formation of cerium coatings on an AZ91D Mg alloy are examined in an effort to improve its corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid. Following this, an article reports on an insightful portable microfluidic experimental setup for the fast and ultraselective detection of Hg2+ ions in a picomolar range using a cantilever-based piezoresistive sensor. The concluding study explores the behavior of the order parameter and the magnetization of antiferromagnetic solids subjected to mutually parallel staggered and magnetic fields.Table of ContentsPreface; Phosphorescence in Nanobioanalysis; Alkaline Earth Aluminates and Borates: Promising Host Lattices for Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Process-Induced Strain-Engineering in Nano-Scale: Coupled Effect of Quantum Confinement and Strain, an Unexplored Aspect of Advanced Materials Research with Immense Potential; Cerium Coatings as an Alternative for Corrosion Protection of AZ91D Mg Alloy for Biomedical Applications; Ultrasensitive and Selective Piezoresistive Sensor for Detection of Mercury Ions at Picomolar Range; Order Parameter and Magnetization of Aniferromagnets in Mutually Parallel Index.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on liquid metals; advanced glass fibre composites; the behaviour of building structures subjected to high temperatures; an integrated adhesive wear testing methodology and organometallic compounds in therapy.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on metal-organic architectures including organometallic supramolecular synthons; nanostructured ferritic alloys as materials for fission and fusion reactors; polycrystalline silicon thin films on glass; shape memory alloys and organic and inorganic mixed insulation coatings on non-oriented electrical steels.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the thermal conductivity of ceramics; recent advances in tin dioxide materials; dental ceramic and metal surface treatment for bonding; characteristics and thermal properties of nitrocellulose in propellants; application of electrochromic, electroluminescent and photovoltaic devices and polycrystalline silicon thin films.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on high performance polymer electrolyte membranes; dye-sensitized solar cells; water soluble polymers for the treatment of heavy-metal water effluents and for oil and gas industry applications; polyimides for pervaporation membranes; ceramic membranes; application of ion sources; metal-oxide composite electrode film for ferroelectric film devices and the properties and applications of tungsten.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the structure and properties of polypropylene foams; sensitisation in TIG welding of austenitic stainless steel, tribotesting of polymers in line contact; the synthesis and crystal growth of non-linear optical materials and their application in telecommunications; poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels in drug delivery devices; developments in processing technologies of functionally graded materials and the indentation size effects in polymers.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the effective thermal conductivity of fluid-saturated sandstones; the structural evolution and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline FeAl intermetallics; silicon based drug delivery systems; diradical based organic molecular magnetic materials; the mechanochemical effect of hematite; transparent conducting oxides for thin film solar cells and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used in microfluidic devices.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. This new volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including the detection and toughening of microcracks, electrospinning materials and applications, cement, concrete and composite processing, and applications and paramagnetism.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including negative refraction of electromagnetic waves in semiconductor superlattices, and sapphire instruments for X-ray optics, types, properties and applications of sapphires and radioactive isotopes of Indium and their applications.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including the mechanisms of structural and phase evolution of metals and alloys; new trends in superconductivity research; and the corrosion resistance of strain hardening fibre reinforced cementitious composites.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on polybenzimidazoles polymer synthesis and applications; N-type diamond materials; transparent conducting oxides for thin film solar cells; valorisation of gneiss rock powder waste in ceramic materials; and metal-on-metal hip protheses.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the fabrication, properties and thermal stability of quasi-amorphous Ta-Si-N diffusion barriers; sol-gel immobilised micro-organisms for bioremediation systems and biosensors; glass-ceramics with oriented non-linear crystals; plastic based nanocomposite films for active packaging with tailor diffusion properties; thermal barrier coated superalloys used in turbine blades and using feldspar to produce ceramic floor tiles.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on resin-based dental composites; controlled delivery materials; DC art plasma jet; organic potential of rubber tyre wastes; limestone as sorbent for toxic species in energy production; recycling of rubber; fire-induces colour modifications on limestones used as building materials in monuments; poly (vinyl alcohol) ferrogels and electrowinning of precious metals using a modified electrochemical cyclone reactor.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on amorphous calcium orthophosphates and their biomedical applications; hydroxyapatite synthesis and characterization; luminescent carbon nanomaterials; Ag/PDA composite nonlinear optical materials; activated carbons from wooden precursors; composite PVA hydrogels application in biomedicine; tailoring glass fibre sizings from the mechanical characterization of the fibers; degradation of composite materials by the effect of water; the microhardness of photoplymerization commercial composite of resin; and potassium catalyzed degradation of wood under nitrogen and air.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the status and perspectives of organic photovoltaic cells; room temperature silicon carbide thin-film formation; microcapsule based self-healing thermosetting materials for structural applications; donor-accepted interface and conversion efficiency; silicon carbide as a catalytic support for energy and environmental applications; transmission electron microscopy application on y-Al2O3 single crystal formation during NiAl oxidation and applied to fuel cell materials characterisation; low pressure deposition techniques of silicon carbide thin films; automated crystal orientation mapping in a transmission electron microscope in electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel; pharmaceutical application of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy; and fabrication and characterisation of C60-based solar cells with phthalocyanine, poly-vinylcarbazole and germanium bromide.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the outstanding contributions in the area of polymeric micro and nanoparticles as drug delivery systems; strategies to modify the inorganic clays and to make them compatible with polymeric matrices and the effect of each one; present problems of ceramic lubricating materials, and the design principle of these materials; the study of Pincina alginite and its applications; the methods of determining the composition of polarons with different mobility and their main magnetic, relaxation and dynamics parameters from effective EPR spectra and the development of glass fibre reinforced polyester composites.

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Book SynopsisMaterials science encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. This volume gathers important research from around the globe in this dynamic field including research on the electroluminescent and photo luminescent properties of semiconductor-based materials with different structures; advantages of reactive extrusion for the synthesis of polyurethanes for biomedical applications; pyridine-type defects in graphene; amorphous silicon carbide thin film formation at room temperature; hydrogen gas sensor based on material with yttrium nanoparticles; influence of supercritical carbon dioxide for pharmaceutical processing; polymerisable dyes containing heterocyclic derivatives of polyureas and polyurethanes; the β-nucleation in polypropylene and its effect on the mechano-physical and thermal properties; and the effect of hydrogen on boron doped amorphous silicon prepared by magnetron sputtering.

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Book SynopsisThe authors of this book discuss the latest advances in materials science research. The chapters include a discussion on a mathematical model used to study the behavior of piezoelectric materials and its applications in energy harvesting; the highly reactive etchant gas, chlorine trifluoride, and its applications relating to the silicon carbide (SiC) device process; the rheological properties and structure of poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)/plasticizer systems; a comprehensive review of ultrafine grained TiNi-based SMAs presented in terms of processing techniques, microstructure evolution, thermo-mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications; and a chapter on the properties of silk/lyocell blended fabrics and the applications of selected functional finishes.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the most recent developments in the field of materials science, with chapters focused on advances in thermoluminescence research; a new structural explanation for plastic deformation behavior, including yielding and necking, using in situ Raman spectroscopy to investigate the uniaxial drawing and stress relaxation processes; an examination of the fast pyrolysis of woody biomass carried out with and without a zeolite catalyst; a review of proposals that have been made for the assessment of geologic materials in relation to their contribution to external gamma dose radiation; a comprehensive summary of practical X-ray analysis applied to the study of welding fluxes at high temperatures; and state-of-the-art research on calcium orthophosphate-containing biocomposites and hybrid biomaterials suitable for biomedical applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in materials science research. The chapters included in this volume are conductive composites as versatile substrates for modeling of interfaces and sensors; the use of fiber reinforced polymers to improve load carrying capacity of damaged concrete; functionally graded materials in dentistry; electrochemical synthesis and characterization of electroactive copolymers deriving from five-ring with six-ring aromatic compounds and their perspectives for cost-effective optoelectronic applications; structural health monitoring of composite aircraft; semiconductor nanomaterials for water splitting; dendrimer and its role for the advancement of nanotechnology and bioengineering; parametric identification of nonlinear model of hydrogen thermal desorption from structural materials; testing 1D ternary photonic band gap material structure for use in temperature unstable environments; the effect of temperature variation on transmission properties of 1D photonic band gap material structure and random multilayer structure; and altering spectrum tuning capability, and temperature sensitivity in 1D ternary photonic band gap material structures.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include research on the main achievements, drawbacks and applicable scope of two-dimensional layered crystals; polyethylene/sepiolite nanocomposites; the development of ultrasonic signal processing techniques for the testing of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP); analytical techniques for the characterization of historical building materials; precise damage diagnosis as a vital element in stone conservation and sustainable monument preservation; various methods developed for the synthesis and applications of zeolitic materials; a novel tool for tuning optical properties and a review of the importance of pure iron nanophase powders and its various applications.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include calcium orthophosphate bioceramics; eco-friendly epoxy thermosets; polymer materials for advanced optical applications; Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies of metal-hydrogen systems for hydrogen storage; and the characterisation and properties of bitumen/montmorillonite nanocomposites.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Topics covered include recent advances in starch based materials; multiphasic calcium orthophosphates; the influence of soft wood contents on material properties, biodegradability and thermoformability of high density polyethylene (HDPE); recent progress on multifunctional thermoplastic-based composites that incorporate carbon nanotubes (CNTs); and stationary energy partition between oscillatory modes in low-dimensional systems at ambient temperatures.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with the latest developments in materials science research. Chapter One reports studies using acid leaching, use of microwaves, impregnation, funcionalization, and other possibilities that allow consideration of metakaolin as a good precursor to solid catalysts. Chapter Two discusses supramolecular adhesive complexes of stimuli-responsive polymers. Chapter Three reviews the preparation of biomedical materials from polyacrylonitirle and applications of it in various fields. Chapter Four gives an overview on the recent theoretical and experimental advances concerning plasmonic excitations in thin slabs of topological insulators. Chapter Five focuses on atmospheric plasmadynamic systems for thermal spray technologies. Chapter Six discusses optical monitoring and control of powder technologies thermal processes.

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Book SynopsisThis edited monograph includes five chapters, each detailing recent advancements in materials science research. Chapter One discusses various processes to manufacture lithium alloys and salts as well as fabricated pebbles of lithium-based ceramics with desired properties for their use as tritium breeder materials. Chapter Two examines how the mechanical performance of glass fibre reinforced hybrid composites changes according to glass fibre type, glass fibre end form, other reinforcing non-fibrous or fibre-based materials and composite manufacturing method. Chapter Three describes studies concerning the properties of synthesised organometallics. Chapter Four investigates the correlation between the surface chemistry and the corrosion resistance of silanised samples of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Lastly, Chapter Five describes the control methods of brittle intermetallic compounds in the welding process of titanium and other alloys.Table of ContentsPreface; Lithium-Based Tritium Breeder Materials; Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites; Organometallics: Physical Methods and Optically Important Features; Correlating the Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Resistance of Silanized AZ91D Magnesium Alloy; Research Progress of Dissimilar Welding Techniques for Ti Alloys to Other Metals; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited monograph presents five chapters, each detailing a recent advancement in materials science research. Chapter One focuses on several topics in the field of spintronics, including giant magnetoresistance observed in spin valves using various iron oxides and their interesting magnetisation reversals by interlayer exchange coupling and spin-polarised tunnelling in magnetic tunnel junctions using electrodes of half-metallic magnetite. Chapter Two describes the synthesis of eight coordination polymers by vial reaction method. Chapter Three introduces physical, thermal and electrochemical properties of ionic liquid-based polymer electrolytes and their applications in rechargeable lithium batteries. Chapter Four explores the aspects of opening of bandgap in graphene. Chapter Five describes the use of aluminium alloys, which are lightweight and high-strength materials, in the construction of the hull of a ship.Table of ContentsPreface; Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Iron Oxides; Highly Sensitive Detection Trace Moisture, Atrazine, 3-Hydroxytyramine Hydrochloride Based on 4-Amino-1,2,4 Triazole Schiff Base Coordination Polymers; Physical, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Liquid Plasticized Gel Polymer Electrolytes; Opening of Bandgap in Graphene: A Complete Overview to Unexplored Aspects; Dissimilar Steel Aluminium Joints in Shipbuilding: Current Application and Innovative Alternatives; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation includes six chapters that present various advancements in materials science research. Chapter One suggests new rigorous approaches to the mathematical modelling and electromagnetic analysis of 2D photonic crystals. Chapter Two details the results of a dynamical study of positron channelling in a (11, 9) chiral single-wall carbon nanotube. Chapter Three uses a deconvolution of IR spectra to attribute the spectra components to definite phases in multiphase proton exchange waveguides. Chapter Four describes the third-order nonlinear optical application of organometallic compounds. Chapter Five focuses on evaluating the behaviour of cementitious composites produced with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes providing a relationship between mechanical properties, ultrasound pulse velocity and the frequency resonance method. Finally, Chapter Six deals with the design of a capillary electrophoresis sensor based on micro-structured fibres.Table of ContentsPreface; 2-D Photonic Crystals: Rigorous Electromagnetic Models for Infinite, Spatially Limited and Defective Structures; A Dynamical Study of Positron Channeling in a Carbon Nanotube; Phase Composition Analysis of Proton Exchanged LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 by IR Spectra Deconvolution; Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Application of Organometallic Compounds; Carbon Nanotubes Addition in Cementitious Materials, Analysis of Properties Using Nondestructive Testing; Design of a Capillary Electrophoresis Sensor Based on Micro-Structured Fibers; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume includes six chapters and presents some of the latest advancements in materials science research. Chapter One describes the structural characterization, the polyelectrolyte properties and the proton dynamics of imidazole-based materials, with special emphasis on the application for proton conductors, gene delivery systems, pollutant adsorbents, fluorescent sensors and OLED technologies. Chapter Two details various characteristics of polyethylene terephthalate fiber. Chapter Three explains the foundation of photonic crystals from one-dimension to higher-order and introduces topological ideas in photonic crystals. Chapter Four includes research on production, properties and applications of polyethylene terephthalate. Chapter Five explores the potential application of antimonene as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries. Finally, Chapter Six summarizes recent advances on the role of fullerene additions for structural behaviors of thermoplastic matrices.Table of ContentsPreface; Imidazole-Based Materials: From Characterization to Gene Delivery, Proton Conductors, Pollutant Adsorbents and OLEDs Devices; Polyethylene Terephthalate Fiber: Fiber Spinning, Properties, Applications and Recent Developments; From Photonic Crystal to Topological Photonic Crystal; PET: Production, Properties and Applications; Antimonene: A Promising Anode Material in Sodium-Ion Battery; The Use of Fullerene in Thermoplastic Matrices on Polymeric Composites Applications; Index.

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Book Synopsis

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