Earth sciences Books
Vintage Publishing The Genius of Trees
Book SynopsisHarriet Rix is a tree science consultant based at the Tree Council, where she currently supports Defra in researching tree diseases and urban tree strategies. Before joining the tree sector in 2018, her jobs included farming sheep near Parnassus in Greece, working in landmine clearance in Syria for the HALO Trust and in Eastern Syria for the Danish Church, and as a liaison officer for a US department of state-sponsored EID clearance programme in Baghdad and Anbar province. She acted as a scientific advisor on Adrien Grenier's climate documentary, was secretary for Hedgelink and is a trustee of the Iraqi environmental charity Hasar.Rix holds a biochemistry degree from the University of Oxford and an MPhil in the history and philosophy of science from the University of Cambridge. She was a 2021/2022 London Library Emerging Writer, and her writing and photography has been published in the Financial Times, London Review of Books and Times Literary Supplement, among others. The Genius of Trees is her first book.
£21.25
Insight & Perspective Environmental Science A level AQA Approved
Book Synopsis
£25.99
Ebury Publishing A Life on Our Planet: My Witness Statement and a
Book SynopsisWith a new afterword, Why You Are Here: A speech on the opening of the COP26 climate summitAs a young man, I felt I was out there in the wild, experiencing the untouched natural world - but it was an illusion. The tragedy of our time has been happening all around us, barely noticeable from day to day - the loss of our planet's wild places, its biodiversity. I have been witness to this decline. A Life on Our Planet contains my witness statement, and my vision for the future - the story of how we came to make this, our greatest mistake, and how, if we act now, we can yet put it right.We have the opportunity to create the perfect home for ourselves and restore the wonderful world we inherited.All we need is the will do so.
£11.69
Orion Publishing Co Volcanoes
Book SynopsisUnearth the fascinating fundamentals of volcanoes...In ten short and informative essays, leading volcanologist Dr Rebecca Williams reveals everything you need to know about volcanoes. From the deadliest eruptions of all time and how to survive a volcanic eruption to why a volcano won''t erupt in your back garden and volcanoes in outer space, discover all of this and much, much more!Volcanoes: 10 Things You Should Know is an illuminating and engaging guide to exploring the most exciting natural phenomena on planet earth.
£11.69
Dorling Kindersley Ltd An Anthology of Our Extraordinary Earth
Book Synopsis
£17.00
Ebury Publishing Land Healer: How Farming Can Save Britain’s
Book Synopsis'Jake Fiennes is changing the face of farming in Britain... a revolutionising force' Isabella TreeOur relationship with our land is broken: we must heal it.Jake Fiennes is on a mission to change the face of the English countryside. As Conservation Manager at Holkham in Norfolk, one of the country's largest historic country estates, his radical habitat restoration and agricultural work has nurtured its species and risen its crop yields - bringing back wetlands, hedgerows, birds and butterflies over 25,000 acres of land.But this isn't rewilding - there is no 'wild' in Britain anymore. Mass farming, crop science and industrial chemicals have destroyed the majority of our natural landscape and wildlife over the last century. Land Healer is the story of Fiennes's ambition to bring back our flora and fauna - by reclaiming our traditions and trialling new experiments which could restore our symbiosis with our land, and save our shared future.Following the farming year and the natural cycle of the seasons, Land Healer chronicles a life of conservation lived at the edges, and is a manifesto for rethinking our relationship with the natural world before it's too late.Trade ReviewJake Fiennes is changing the face of farming in Britain ... A revolutionising force -- Isabella TreeWith mud on his boots and hope in his heart, Fiennes tells a powerful and uplifting story of food, farming and living with nature -- Matthew ParrisWe can only solve the crises of climate, extinction and human ill-health by healing our relationship with the land. Jake Fiennes shows us how in this inspiring, realistic and practical book -- Patrick BarkhamA powerful call to arms, this fascinating book makes a clear case to put farming at the heart of the restoration of our countryside -- Sarah Langford, author of RootedOne of the motive forces behind this new way of looking at the land -- Tony Juniper, Chair of Natural England
£12.34
The University of Chicago Press The Great Derangement
Book SynopsisTrade Review-For decades Ghosh has been telling us exquisite stories of unlikely human connection across geographical and historical boundaries. In The Great Derangement he goes a step further and sets us amidst the great collectivity of a living and dying planet. This intensely lyrical work from a visionary writer at his best calls for a restitution of the sacred--in its most inclusive form--so that we can face the climate crisis of our times with our finest remaining resources.- --Leela Gandhi, Brown University
£14.25
Graffeg Limited Nature Book Series, The: The Hare Book
Book SynopsisThe hare permeates our consciousness like no other creature. Despite facing ever increasing environmental pressures, the hare still retains its ability to both delight and confound in equal measure. Produced in conjunction with The Hare Preservation Trust, this book offers a unique insight into this most fascinating of creatures.
£12.50
Dorling Kindersley Ltd Earth
Book SynopsisExplore and understand the natural and human wonders of our planet.Now, in its third edition, this landmark encyclopedia celebrates our planet and explains the science underpinning the forces and processes that have made and shaped it. Artworks, photographs, terrain models, and maps are combined to capture the power of landscapes and natural events and show their hidden sides, explaining, for example, how an earthquake is triggered and how burning fossil fuels is driving a climate emergency.In this earth book, you will find: -More than 3,000 photographs, artworks, and maps-A 40-page timeline of Earth''s history includes human evolution and the story of human colonisation of the planet-Sections which explore human impact features - on subjects from deforestation to population growth-An atlas section includes original maps centred on Earth''s seven major tectonic platesParts of the book lay out systematic and in-dep
£28.00
Dorling Kindersley Ltd Breaking Boundaries The Science of Our Planet
Book SynopsisOn the brink of a critical moment in human history, this book presents a vision of planetary stewardship - a rethinking of our relationship with our planet - and plots a new course for our future. The authors, whose work is the subject of a new Netflix documentary released in summer 2021 and narrated by Sir David Attenborough, reveal the full scale of the planetary emergency we face - but also how we can stabilise Earth''s life support system. The necessary change is within our power if we act now. In 2009, scientists identified nine planetary boundaries that keep Earth stable, ranging from biodiversity to ozone. Beyond these boundaries lurk tipping points. To stop short of these tipping points, the 2020s must see the fastest economic transition in history. This book demonstrates how societies are reaching positive tipping points that make this transition possible: Activism groups such as Extinction Rebellion, or the schoolchildren inspi
£11.69
Cambridge University Press Understanding Science
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£28.50
Quarto Publishing PLC Off the Map: Lost Spaces, Invisible Cities,
Book Synopsis'A fizzingly entertaining and enlightening book' Daily Telegraph 'Mesmerising' Geographical Magazine 'A fascinating delve into uncharted, forgotten lost places. But it's not just a trivia-tastic anthology of remote destinations but a nifty piece of psycho-geography, explaining our human need for these cartographical conundrums.' Wanderlust In a world of Google Earth, in which it is easy to believe that every discovery has been made and every adventure already had, Off the Map is a stunning testament to how mysterious our planet still is. From forgotten enclaves to floating islands, from hidden villages to New York gutter spaces, Off the Map charts the hidden corners of our planet. And while these are not necessarily places you would choose to visit on holiday - Hobyo, the pirate capital of Somalia, or Zheleznogorsk, a secret military town in Russia - they each carry a story about the strangeness of place and our need for a geography that understands our hunger for the fantastic and the unexpected. But it also shows us that topophilia, the love of place, is a fundamental part of what it is to be human. Whether you are an urban explorer or an armchair traveller, Off the Map will inspire and enchant. You'll never look at a map in quite the same way again. Trade Review'An absorbing book packed with remarkable facts… a joy to read’‘Alastair Bonnett’s high-speed world tour of places and non-places whose stories would bring the most somnolent class to life. Bonnett zooms effortlessly around far-off spots – sometimes in person, more often via the internet – but he does not ignore those closer to home. Fizzingly entertaining and enlightening book.’ "Bonnett dares us to rethink exploration in a world that has been fully charted, taking us from micronation Sealand - a forsaken sea fort claimed by a Brit as his own sovereign nation - to Arne, a Second World War decoy city that saved thousands of lives. Forty-seven fascinating essays prove why "our topophilia can never be extinguished or sated" and how these locations over insights into our history and society." "A fascinating delve into uncharted, forgotten and lost places. But it’ s not just a trivia-tastic anthology of remote destinations but a nifty piece of psycho-geography, explaining our human need for these cartographical conundrums." "Bonnett dares us to rethink exploration in a world that has been fully charted, taking us from micronation Sealand - a forsaken sea fort claimed by a Brit as his own sovereign nation - to Arne, a Second World War decoy city that saved thousands of lives. Forty-seven fascinating essays prove why "our topophilia can never be extinguished or sated" and how these locations over insights into our history and society." ‘ Alastair Bonnett’ s high-speed world tour of places and non-places whose stories would bring the most somnolent class to life. Bonnett zooms effortlessly around far-off spots – sometimes in person, more often via the internet – but he does not ignore those closer to home. Fizzingly entertaining and enlightening book.’ ‘ Fearlessly explores the dark side of humanity while constantly challenging our conceptions of place, borders and boundaries, and how we as humans use locations and geography to define ourselves and the world around us. Importantly, Bonnett’ s careful research and fascinating theories are complemented with passages of wonderfully written prose. A thought provoking triumph.’ ‘ A mesmerising study of ambiguous temporary places.’ 'An absorbing book packed with remarkable facts… a joy to read’
£9.49
Oxford University Press Oxygen The molecule that made the world Oxford
Book SynopsisOxygen has had extraordinary effects on life. Three hundred million years ago, in Carboniferous times, dragonflies grew as big as seagulls, with wingspans ofnearly a metre. Researchers claim they could have flown only if the air had contained more oxygen than today -probably as much as 35 per cent. Giant spiders, tree-ferns, marine rock formations and fossil charcoalsall tell the same story. High oxygen levels may also explain the global firestorm that contributed to thedemise of the dinosaurs after the asteroid impact. The strange and profound effects that oxygen has had on the evolution of life pose a riddle, which this booksets out to answer. Oxygen is a toxic gas. Divers breathing pure oxygen at depth suffer from convulsionsand lung injury. Fruit flies raised at twice normal atmospheric levels of oxygen live half as long as theirsiblings. Reactive forms of oxygen, known as free radicals, are thought to cause ageing in people. Yet ifatmospheric oxygen reached 35 per cent in the Carboniferous, why did it promote exuberant growth,instead of rapid ageing and death? Oxygen takes the reader on an enthralling journey, as gripping as a thriller, as it unravels the unexpectedways in which oxygen spurred the evolution of life and death. The book explains far more than the size ofancient insects: it shows how oxygen underpins the origin of biological complexity, the birth of photosynthesis, the sudden evolution of animals, the need for two sexes, the accelerated ageing of cloned animals like Dolly the sheep, and the surprisingly long lives of bats and birds. Drawing on this grand evolutionary canvas, Oxygen offers fresh perspectives on our own lives and deaths,explaining modern killer diseases, why we age, and what we can do about it. Advancing revelatory new ideas,following chains of evidence, the book ranges through many disciplines, from environmental sciences tomolecular medicine. The result is a captivating vision of contemporary science and a humane synthesis of ourplace in nature. This remarkable book might just redefine the way we think about the world.Oxford Landmark Science books are ''must-read'' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.Trade Review'. . . popular science writing at its very best - clear yet challenging, speculative yet rigorous. The book is a tour de force which orchestrates a seamless story out of both venerable ideas and very recent discoveries in several disparate fields.' * Bernard Dixon *'. . . a breathtaking, broad vision of the role of a single gas in our life, from the origin of organisms, through the emergence of creatures, and to their deaths . . . packed full of interesting life-and-death stories...A wonderful read.' * Peter Atkins *'. . . one of the most thought-provoking books I have ever read.' * John Emsley *Nick Lane's chapters are dispatches from the frontiers of research into Earth and life history, but they contain nothing that will lose the patient reader and much that will reward. * The Guardian Review *a brisk revelatory study * Christopher Hirst, The Independent *. . . Nick Lane marshals an impressive array of evidence - [an] ambitious narrative . . . This is science writing at its best. * Jerome Burne, The Financial Times *Table of Contents1: Introduction: Elixir of Life - and Death 2: In the Beginning: The Origins and Importance of Oxygen 3: Silence of the Aeons: Three Billion Years of Microbial Evolution 4: Fuse to the Cambrian Explosion: Snowball Earth, Environmental Change and the First Animals 5: The Bolsover Dragonfly: Oxygen and the Rise of the Giants 6: Treachery in the Air: Oxygen Poisoning and X-Irradiation: A Mechanism in Common 7: Green Planet: Radiation and the Beginnings of Photosynthesis 8: Looking for LUCA: Last Ancestor in the Age Before Oxygen 9: Portrait of a Paradox: Vitamin C and the Many Faces of an Antioxidant 10: The Antioxidant Machine: A Hundred and One Ways of Living with Oxygen 11: Sex and the Art of Bodily Maintenance: Trade-offs in the Evolution of Ageing 12: Eat! Or You'll Live Forever: The Triangle of Food, Sex, and Longevity 13: Gender Bender: The Rate of Living and the Need for Sexes 14: Beyond Genes and Destiny: The Double Agent Theory of Ageing and Disease 15: Life, Death and Oxygen: Lessons From Evolution on the Future of Ageing Further Reading Glossary Index
£11.39
Octopus Publishing Group 117 Things You Should F*#king Know About Your
Book SynopsisDid you know your irises are lying to you and all human eyes are actually brown?Want to know the absolute worst way to die, according to science? Did you know that a smoking psychedelic toad milk could alleviate depression for up to four weeks?117 Things You Should F*#king Know About Your World tells you the answers to these questions and many more weird and wonderful facts about the universe. Split into the site's different subject areas of environment, technology, space, health and medicine, plants and animals, physics and chemistry, this is the ultimate science book. With 25 million social media followers, I F*#king Love Science is the world's favourite source of science on the web. From missing nuclear weapons and Facebook secret files to the world's smallest computer and why you should wrap your car keys in tinfoil, this is the book that only the world's leading source of crazy-but-true stories could produce.
£15.29
Oxford University Press A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences
Book SynopsisThis new edition includes 10,000 entries which cover all areas of geoscience, including planetary science, oceanography, palaeontology, mineralogy and volcanology. In this edition, 675 new entries have been added, and include expanded coverage of planetary geology and earth-observing-satellites. Other new entries terms such as Ianammox, Boomerangian, earth rheological layering, and metamorphic rock classification. The entries are also complemented by more than 130 diagrams and numerous web links that are listed on a regularly updated dedicated companion website. Appendices supplement the A-Z and have been extended to include three new tables on the Torino Impact Hazard Scale, Avalanche Classes, and the Volcanic Explosivity Index. The list of satellite missions has also been revised and updated to include recent developments. A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences is an authoritative, and jargon-free resource for students of geology, geography, geosciences, physical science, and thoTrade ReviewI marvel at how the editors have compressed so much so clearly ... a feat which occurs only once in a blue moon -- and even that is defined * Nature *can really claim to offer comprehensive coverage of the earth sciences * TES *Table of ContentsPreface A-Z entries Stratigraphic Units As Defined In The North American Stratigraphic Code, 1983 Time-Scales Wind Strength Si Units, Conversions, And Multiples Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) Torino Impact Hazard Scale Avalanche Classes Satellite Missions
£15.74
Taylor & Francis Inc Science and Technology Advice for Congress
Book SynopsisThe elimination of the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) in 1995 came during a storm of budget cutting and partisan conflict. Operationally, it left Congress without an institutional arrangement to bring expert scientific and technological advice into the process of legislative decisionmaking. This deficiency has become increasingly critical, as more and more of the decisions faced by Congress and society require judgments based on highly specialized technical information. Offering perspectives from scholars and scientists with diverse academic backgrounds and extensive experience within the policy process, Science and Technology Advice for Congress breaks from the politics of the OTA and its contentious aftermath. Granger Morgan and Jon Peha begin with an overview of the use of technical information in framing policy issues, crafting legislation, and the overall process of governing. They note how, as nonexperts, legislators must make decisions in the face of scientific uncertainty and competing scientific claims from stakeholders. The contributors continue with a discussion of why OTA was created. They draw lessons from OTA's demise, and compare the use of science and technological information in Europe with the United States. The second part of the book responds to requests from congressional leaders for practical solutions. Among the options discussed are expanded functions within existing agencies such as the General Accounting or Congressional Budget Offices; an independent, NGO- administrated analysis group; and a dedicated successor to OTA within Congress. The models emphasize flexibility--and the need to make political feasibility a core component of design.Trade Review'Deserves to be read by every person concerned with the quality of technical input that Congress needs to absorb.' Amory Houghton, Jr., Former U.S. Representative 'In a climate where the objectivity and relevance of science seems nearly everywhere subjected to political scrutiny, [this book] is refreshing, if not poignant. . . . This little volume is positioned to help Congress think carefully about their own knowledge gaps and appropriate ways to close them.' Step Ahead, APSATable of ContentsPreface Contributors Part I: The Issue 1. Analysis, Governance, and the Need for Better Institutional Arrangements M. Granger Morgan and Jon M. Peha Part II: Background 2. Technical Advice for Congress: Past Trends and Present Obstacles Bruce L.R. Smith and Jeffrey K. Stine 3. The Origins, Accomplishments, and Demise of the Office of Technology Assessment Robert M. Margolis and David H. Guston 4. Insights from the Office of Technology Assessment and Other Assessment Experiences David H. Guston 5. The European Experience Norman J. Vig Contents Part III: Possible Institutional Models 6. Thinking about Alternative Models M. Granger Morgan and Jon M. Peha 7. An Expanded Analytical Capability in the Congressional Research Service, the General Accounting Office, or the Congressional Budget Office Christopher T. Hill 8. Expanded Use of the National Academies John Ahearne and Peter Blair 9. Expanding the Role of the Congressional Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Albert H. Teich and Stephen J. Lita 10. A Lean, Distributed Organization To Serve Congress M. Granger Morgan, Jon M. Peha, and Daniel E. Hastings 11. A Dedicated Organization in Congress Gerald L. Epstein and Ashton B. Carter 12. An Independent Analysis Group That Works Exclusively for Congress, Operated by a Nongovernmental Organization Caroline S. Wagner and William A. Stiles Jr. Part IV: Moving toward Solution 13. Where Do We Go from Here? M. Granger Morgan and Jon M. Peha Appendix 1: The Technology Assessment Act of 1972 Appendix 2: Details on the National Academies Complex Appendix 3: An External Evaluation of the GAO‘s First Pilot Technology Assessment Index About the Editors
£39.99
McGraw-Hill Education Natural Disasters ISE
Book SynopsisNatural Disasters, 12th edition focuses on explaining how the normal processes of Earth concentrate their energies and deal heavy blows to humans and their structures. Students have a natural curiosity about natural disasters and why they occur. This text explains why natural disasters occur by interweaving the themes of Energy sources, Plate tectonics, Climate change, Earth Processes, Geologic time, the complexities of multiple variables operating simultaneously throughout the text. Table of ContentsPrologue: Energy FlowsChapter 1: Natural Disasters and the Human PopulationChapter 2: Internal Energy and Plate TectonicsChapter 3: Earthquake Geology and SeismologyChapter 4: Plate Tectonics and EarthquakesChapter 5: Earthquakes throughout the United States and CanadaChapter 6: Volcanic Eruptions: Plate Tectonics and MagmasChapter 7: Volcano Case Histories: Killer EventsChapter 8: Tsunami versus Wind-Caused WavesChapter 9: External Energy Fuels Weather and ClimateChapter 10: Tornadoes, Lightning, Heat, and ColdChapter 11: HurricanesChapter 12: Climate ChangeChapter 13: FloodsChapter 14: WildfireChapter 15: Mass MovementsChapter 16: Coastal Processes and HazardsChapter 17: Impacts with Space ObjectsChapter 18: The Great Dyings
£53.09
Peter Lang AG, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Scripta Manent. Historia del Español,
Book Synopsis
£60.30
Princeton University Press Geopedia
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Longlisted for the Non-Obvious Book Awards""The subtitle says it all—Bjornerud and graphic artist Hagerman have compiled a wonderfully quirky collection of 'curiosities' that, collectively, detail the Earth’s transformation over eons and illustrate how our understanding of the planet has deepened through time. . . . A charming work, chock-full of information."---Laurie Selwyn, Library Journal, starred review"This is a garnet of a geology book: rooted in the planet, jewel-like and multi-coloured."---Andrew Robinson, Nature"[Geopedia] is a buffet of bite-size chapters perfect for dipping in and out of. . . . Its pocket-size format makes it perfect as a traveling companion, and its short chapters suit our frazzled attention spans, making it a fun alternative to night-time doomscrolling or heavier nonfiction. No matter if you’re a hard-core rockhound or a geological outsider, you’ll get something worthwhile from this little gem of a book."---Howard Lee, Ars Technica"A neat little book . . . . Take a dip into Geopedia for a bit of quirky fun." * Descent *"A fascinating, illuminating read. Organized alphabetically, the articles span the gamut of the sub-disciplines. Bjornerud explores both the etymology of the scientific terms and their scientific import. Readers who pick it up will learn a lot."---I. D. Sasowsky, Choice"perfect for casual reading .... Bjornerud...is a gifted writer" * Choice *"A cute little book of curiosities to dip in and out of but, like a box of rich chocolates, you probably will not want to finish it off all in one sitting."---Helen Coombs, Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society
£10.99
Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Basic Coastal Engineering
Book SynopsisThe second edition (1997) of this text was a completely rewritten version of the original text Basic Coastal Engineering published in 1978. Basic Coastal Engineering is an introductory text on wave mechanics and coastal processes along with fundamentals that underline the practice of coastal engineering.Table of ContentsCoastal Engineering.- Two-Dimensional Wave Equations and Wave Characteristics.- Finite-Amplitude Waves.- Wave Refraction, Diffraction, and Reflection.- Coastal Water Level Fluctuations.- Wind-Generated Waves.- Coastal Structures.- Coastal Zone Processes.- Field and Laboratory Investigations.
£89.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Natural Hazards
Book SynopsisThe new revised fifth edition of Natural Hazards remains the go-to introductory-level survey intended for university and college courses that are concerned with earth processes that have direct, and often sudden and violent, impacts on human society. The text integrates principles of geology, hydrology, meteorology, climatology, oceanography, soil science, ecology, and solar system astronomy. The textbook explains the earth processes that drive hazardous events in an understandable way, illustrate how these processes interact with our civilization, and describe how we can better adjust to their effects. Written by leading scholars in the area, the new edition of this book takes advantage of the greatly expanding amount of information regarding natural hazards, disasters, and catastrophes. The text is designed for learning with each chapter broken into small consumable chunks of content for students. Each chapter opens with a list of learning objectives and ends with revision as well Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Natural Hazards 2 Internal Structure of Earth and Plate Tectonics 3 Earthquakes 4 Tsunamis 5 Volcanoes 6 Flooding 7 Mass Wasting 8 Subsidence and Soils 9 Atmospheric Processes and Severe Weather 10 Hurricanes and Extratropical Cyclones 11 Coastal Hazards 12 Climate and Climate Change 13 Wildfires 14 Impacts and Extinctions
£56.99
Quercus Publishing The Secret Lives of the Elements
Book Synopsis'A delightful and engaging treasure trove of a book that brings the chemical elements to life and gives them personalities of their own. A wonderful read for young and old alike to get you inspired by chemistry.' Jim Al-Khalili 'The perfect book to escape our human-sized existence and take a tour of the atomic world instead.' Helen Arney, science comedian and broadcasterWhen we think of the periodic table we picture orderly rows of elements that conform to type and never break the rules. In this book Kathryn Harkup reveals that there are personalities, passions, quirks and historical oddities behind those ordered rows, and shows us that the periodic table is a sprawling family tree with its own black sheep, wayward cousins and odd uncles. The elements in the periodic table, like us, are an extended family - some old, some newborn, some shy and reticent, some exuberant or unreliable. Dr Harkup tells the weird and wonderful stories of just fifty two members of this family - remarkable tales of discovery, inspiration and revolution, from the everyday to the extraordinary. Some elements are relatively anonymous; others, already familiar, are seen in a new light; and old friends have surprising secrets to share. From our green-fingered friend magnesium to the devil incarnate polonium, this eclectic collection of engaging and informative stories will change the way you see the periodic table for ever.Trade Review'A delightful and engaging treasure trove of a book that brings the chemical elements to life and gives them personalities of their own. A wonderful read for young and old alike to get you inspired by chemistry.' -- Jim Al-Khalili'The perfect book to escape our human-sized existence and take a tour of the atomic world instead.' - Helen Arney, science comedian and broadcaster.
£15.29
Kahboom Ltd CO2 Net Zero
Book Synopsis
£12.14
Ebury Publishing Frozen Planet II
Book SynopsisACCOMPANIES THE LANDMARK SERIES NARRATED BY DAVID ATTENBOROUGHFind a world of wonder beyond the ice. 'Looking down at our planet from space it may come as a surprise how much of it is blanketed in snow and ice. These vast frozen wildernesses cover more than a fifth of the earth ... From the highest peaks to snow-bound deserts to alien worlds deep beneath the ice, they are home to an astonishing array of animals found nowhere else on earth.'David Attenborough, from the series.Frozen Planet II celebrates the surprisingly diverse worlds of ice - a world that is disappearing before our very eyes. Previously undiscovered stories, from chameleons giving birth on the frosty slopes of Mount Kenya to endangered Amur leopards in the Russian forest and killer whales hunting Weddell seals on ice floes in the Antarctic, shed new light on the beauty and the peril of the world's most fragile ecosystems. Behind-the-scenes insights explore the unique challenges of filming in these frozen worlds, where camera crew and wildlife alike brave the extreme conditions.With over 250 stunning full-colour photographs, Frozen Planet II reveals the wonders of the fastest-changing part of our planet, as we may never see them again.
£23.80
Atlantic Books Hot Air: The Inside Story of the Battle Against
Book Synopsis***SHORTLISTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY SCIENCE BOOK PRIZE 2022******SHORTLISTED FOR THE RSL CHRISTOPHER BLAND PRIZE 2022***'Fascinating... timely, understandable and informative' Forbes Ours is the age of global warming. Rising sea levels, extreme weather, forest fires. Dire warnings are everywhere, so why has it taken so long for the crisis to be recognised?Here, for the first time, climate scientist Peter Stott reveals the bitter fight to get international recognition for what, among scientists, has been known for decades: human activity causes climate change. Across continents and against the efforts of sceptical governments, prominent climate change deniers and shadowy lobbyists, Hot Air is the urgent story of how the science was developed, how it has been repeatedly sabotaged and why humanity hasn't a second to spare in the fight to halt climate change.Trade ReviewFascinating... This timely, understandable and informative book is a clarion call to all of us * Forbes *Hot Air is a compelling indictment of the people and organisations that, for whatever reason, refuse to accept the evidence of human-induced global warming. The scientific case for this has been clear for more than thirty years. It is disappointing that there is still a need for this book, but gratifying to find such a clear exposition of the science and the politics. The most important book you are likely to see this year. * John Gribbin *Illuminating... eminently readable * Irish Times *Jaw-dropping... an invaluable record of how climate scientists have fought deep pocketed lobby groups. * New Statesman *Hot Air provides a deep insight into the nasty, iniquitous, and nefarious tactics used to deny the reality of climate change. Peter Stott's first-hand account brilliantly documents the 30-year war against climate scientists in the name of fossil fuels, political expedience, and climate denial. * Prof. Mark Maslin, author of How to Save Our Planet *A rare and gripping insight into the drama behind the UN's landmark science reports shaping how the world responds to rising temperatures. With the feel of a past-faced thriller, Peter Stott takes the reader on a tense and sometimes painful journey through battles with climate deniers and oil-rich powers. It's a book that reveals the exhilarating triumphs and personal challenges of the researchers discovering how our planet is changing. * David Shukman, science editor BBC News *Peter Stott has been a key figure both in demonstrating the strength of climate science and in fighting the climate deniers, and Hot Air is a thrilling, enthralling and, yes, enraging account of his years at the heart of the most important battle of our time. * Rowan Hooper, author of How To Spend A Trillion Dollars *A riveting despatch from the frontline of the fight against climate change. Essential reading for anyone interested in the greatest threat human society has ever faced. * Michael McCarthy, former Environment Editor, The Independent, and author of The Moth Snowstorm *Gripping, urgent and human... Stott provides a unique 'eye-of-the-storm' perspective on the story of the century. * Leo Hickman, director of Carbon Brief *In today's world climate scientists don't just do science. As Peter Stott reveals in this extraordinary story, over recent years climatologists have also had to do battle with fossil fuel-financed deniers with a dark and dangerous agenda -- that of blocking international action to tackle the most pressing crisis of our times, global planetary heating. * Mark Lynas, author of Six Degrees *This important book lays out many of the stories behind the most important science in human history: the effort to prove, against the well-funded denialists and vested interests, that the planet was heating, that humans were responsible, and that we better take swift action. If there are historians around someday to tell this epic story in all its complexity, they will lean heavily on this account. * Bill McKibben, author of Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out? *An invaluable record of how climate scientists have fought deep pocketed lobby groups. * The New Statesman *Table of Contents1: Fingerprinting the climate 2: Confronted by denial 3: Strengthening the science 4: Ambushed by power 5: In harm's way 6: Very likely due 7: Court of opinion 8: Stolen emails 9: Mounting devastation 10: False balance 11: Citizen power 12: Change is coming
£10.44
The Natural History Museum The Natural History Museum Book of Rocks
Book SynopsisA comprehensive, illustrated identification guide for beginners and serious collectors alike, featuring special colour photography of specimens held at the Natural History Museum, London.
£13.49
Dorling Kindersley Ltd Look Im An Ecologist Look Im Learning
Book Synopsis20 step-by-step eco-projects for budding preschool ecologists! Calling all mini eco-warriors and their parents! This fun and exciting book is filled with nature-themed eco-projects for kids. It''s a gentle introduction to topical issues in the world today, such as climate change, conservation, and recycling - ideal for curious kids who want to make a difference.Look, I''m an Ecologist allows young readers to do what they do best: imagine, create, learn, problem-solve, and play their way to a greener planet. Inside you''ll find: - A wide range of activities with an environmental focus supported by simple information, so young readers understand the issues faced by our planet in a play-based, hands-on, and child-friendly context - Easy to find and internationally available materials and resources- Projects designed to be shared and enjoyed by children and parents or carers- Visual step-by-step instructions allow young children t
£7.59
Oxford University Press Fire
Book SynopsisFire is rarely out of the headlines, from large natural wildfires raging across the Australian or Californian countrysides to the burning of buildings such as the disasters of Grenfell tower and Notre Dame. Fire on these scales can represent a serious risk to human life and property. But the advent of fire made and controlled by humans also represented a crucial point in our evolution, allowing us to cook our food, forge our weapons, and warm our homes.This Very Short Introduction covers the fundamentals of fire, whether wild or under human control, starting with the basics of ignition, combustion, and fuel. Andrew Scott considers both natural wildfires and the role of humans in making and suppressing fire. Despite frightening reports of wildfire destruction, he also shows how landscape fires have been part of our planet''s history for 400 million years, and do not always have to be extinguished. He also considers the problem of fires in urban settings, including new ways to prevent fires. The cost of wildfire can be steep - as well as the burning, post-fire erosion and flooding can have a great impact on both humans and the environment. It can also have a lasting effect in shaping ecosystems and plant life. Scott ends by examining the relationship between fire and the climate, and considering the future of wildfire in a warming world.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements List of Illustrations 1: The elements of fire 2: The deep history of fire 3: Fire and humankind 4: Containing and suppressing fire 5: New technologies and changing fire policies 6: Fire and climate change References Further reading Index
£9.49
Dorling Kindersley Ltd Natural Wonders of the World
Book Synopsis
£24.00
Yale University Press Children of the Northern Forest
Book SynopsisThis no-holds-barred narrative of the failure of conservation in northern New England's forests envisions a wilder, more equitable, lower-carbon future for forest-dependent communitiesTrade Review“From the first lifted colonial axe to the cold globalist clearcuts, Children of the Northern Forest is a fact-based and fierce forest history. Ecological warrior Jamie Sayen confronts the reader with the destruction of New England forests.”—Annie Proulx, author of Barkskins“No one has labored longer and harder for the protection of the northern forest than Jamie Sayen—from the western edge of the mighty Adirondacks to the vast forests of Maine’s interior he has done the work that earns him the right to tell this story. And he tells it with style, heart, and clarifying insight: it belongs on the shelf of everyone who wanders in these woods.”—Bill McKibben, author The End of Nature“Children of the Northern Forest examines why more than thirty years of strenuous conservation efforts have failed to protect northern New England’s forest, and presents a vision of a better future for the region and all its creatures.”—Brian Donahue, author of The Great Meadow and Reclaiming the Commons
£23.75
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics
Book SynopsisWidely regarded as the most authoritative and comprehensive book in its field, the fourth edition of Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics includes new and substantially updated chapters to this highly praised text.Trade Review"An excellent book, very well presented, and is a must for the shelves of serious engineers and scientists active or interested in the fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering.... Highly recommended." (South African Geographical Journal, 2008) "...I consider this book to be an invaluable reference for studying and understanding the fundamental science at the base of rock mechanics. I believe this to be a must-have textbook and I strongly recommend it to anyone, student or professional, interested in the subject." (Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering)Table of Contents1. Rock as a Material. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Joints and faults. 1.3 Rock-forming minerals. 1.4 The fabric of rocks. 1.5 The mechanical nature of rock. 2. Analysis of Stress and Strain. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Definition of traction and stress. 2.3 Analysis of stress in two dimensions. 2.4 Graphical representations of stress in two dimensions. 2.5 Stresses in three dimensions. 2.6 Stress transformations in three dimensions. 2.7 Mohr’s representation of stress in three dimensions. 2.8 Stress invariants and stress deviation. 2.9 Displacement and strain. 2.10 Infinitesimal strain in two dimensions. 2.11 Infinitesimal strain in three dimensions. 2.12 Determination of principle stresses or strains from measurements. 2.13 Compatibility equations. 2.14 Stress and strain in polar and cylindrical coordinates. 2.15 Finite strain. 3. Friction on Rock Surfaces. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Amonton’s law. 3.3 Friction on rock surfaces. 3.4 Stick-slip oscillations. 3.5 Sliding on a plane of weakness. 3.6 Effects of time and velocity. 4. Deformation and Failure of Rock. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 The stress-strain curve. 4.3 Effects of confining stress and temperature. 4.4 Types of fracture. 4.5 Coulomb failure criterion. 4.6 Mohr’s hypothesis. 4.7 Effects of pore fluids. 4.8 Failure under true-triaxial conditions. 4.9 The effect of anisotropy on strength. 5. Linear Elasticity. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Stress-strain relations for an isotropic linear elastic solid. 5.3 Special cases. 5.4 Hooke’s law in terms of deviatoric stresses and strains. 5.5 Equations of stress equilibrium. 5.6 Equations of stress equilibrium in cylindrical and spherical coordinates. 5.7 Airy stress functions. 5.8 Elastic strain energy and related principles. 5.9 Uniqueness theorem for elasticity problems. 5.10 Stress-strain relations for anisotropic materials. 6. Laboratory Testing of Rocks. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Hydrostatic tests. 6.3 Uniaxial compression. 6.4 Triaxial tests. 6.5 Stability and stiff testing machines. 6.6 True-triaxial tests. 6.7 Diametral compression of cylinders. 6.8 Torsion of circular cylinders. 6.9 Bending tests. 6.10 Hollow cylinders. 7. Poroelasticity and Thermoelasticity. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Hydrostatic poroelasticity. 7.3 Undrained compression. 7.4 Constitutive equations of poroelasticity. 7.5 Equations of stress equilibrium and fluid flow. 7.6 One-dimensional consolidation. 7.7 Applications of poroelasticity. 7.8 Thermoelasticity. 8. Stresses around Cavities and Excavations. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Complex variable method for two-dimensional elasticity problems. 8.3 Homogeneous state of stress. 8.4 Pressurised hollow cylinder. 8.5 Circular hole in a rock mass with given far-field principal stresses. 8.6 Stresses applied to a circular hole in an infinite rock mass. 8.7 Stresses applied to the surface of a solid cylinder. 8.8 Inclusions in an infinite region. 8.9 Elliptical hole in an infinite rock mass. 8.10 Stresses near a crack tip. 8.11 Nearly rectangular hole. 8.12 Spherical cavities. 8.13 Penny-shaped cracks. 8.14 Interactions between nearby cavities. 9. Inelastic Behavior. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Plasticity and yield. 9.3 Elastic-plastic hollow cylinder. 9.4 Circular hole in an elastic-brittle-plastic rock mass. 9.5 Perfectly plastic behavior. 9.6 Flow between flat surfaces. 9.7 Flow rules and hardening. 9.8 Creep. 9.9 Simple rheological models. 9.10 Theory of viscoelasticity. 9.11 Some simple viscoelastic problems. 10. Micromechanical Models. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Effective moduli of heterogeneous rocks. 10.3 Effect of pores on compressibility. 10.4 Crack closure and elastic nonlinearity. 10.5 Effective medium theories. 10.6 Sliding crack friction and hysteresis. 10.7 Griffith cracks and the Griffith locus. 10.8 Griffith theory of failure. 10.9 Linear elastic fracture mechanics. 11. Wave Propagation in Rocks. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 One-dimensional elastic wave propagation. 11.3 Harmonic waves and group velocity. 11.4 Elastic waves in unbounded media. 11.5 Reflection and refraction of waves at an interface. 11.6 Surface and interface waves. 11.7 Transient waves. 11.8 Effects of fluid saturation. 11.9 Attenuation. 11.10 Inelastic waves. 12. Hydromechanical Behavior of Fractures. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Geometry of rock fractures. 12.3 Normal stiffness of rock fractures. 12.4 Behaviour of rock fractures under shear. 12.5 Hydraulic transmissivity of rock fractures. 12.6 Coupled hydro-mechanical behavior. 12.7 Seismic response of rock fractures. 12.8 Fractured rock masses. 13. State of Stress Underground. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Simple models for the state of stress in the subsurface. 13.3 Measured values of subsurface stresses. 13.4 Surface loads on a half-space: two-dimensional theory. 13.5 Surface loads on a half-space: three-dimensional theory. 13.6 Hydraulic fracturing. 13.7 Other stress measurement methods. 14. Geological Applications. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Stresses and faulting. 14.3 Overthrust faulting and sliding under gravity. 14.4 Stresses around faults. 14.5 Mechanics of intrusion. 14.6 Beam models for crustal folding. 14.7 Earthquake mechanics. References
£61.16
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Practical and Theoretical Geoarchaeology
Book SynopsisPractical and Theoretical Geoarchaeology, Second Edition, provides an invaluable and vastly updated overview of geoarchaeology and how it can be used effectively in the study of archaeological sites and contexts. Taking a pragmatic and functional approach, this book presents: a fundamental, broad-based perspective of the essentials of modern geoarchaeology in order to demonstrate the breadth of the approaches and the depth of the problems that it can tackle. the rapid advances made in the area in recent years, but also gives the reader a firm grasp of conventional approaches. covers traditional topics with the emphasis on landscapes, as well as anthropogenic deposits and site formation processes and their investigation. provides guidelines for the presentation of field and laboratory methods and the reporting of geoarchaeological results. essential reading for archaeology undergraduate and graduate students, practicing archaeologists and geoscientists who need to understand andTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements Chapter 1 - Introduction Chapter 2 - Sediments Chapter 3 - Stratigraphy Chapter 4 - Soils Chapter 5 - Slopes and slope deposits Chapter 6 – Rivers (Y. Zhuang, Goldberg, P and Macphail, R. I.) Chapter 7 – Lakes (Y. Zhuang, Goldberg, P and Macphail, R. I.) Chapter 8 – Aeolian settings (C. Carey, Goldberg, P and Macphail, R. I.) Chapter 9 – Marine Coasts Chapter 10 – Caves and Rock shelters Chapter 11 – Human impact: Changes to the Landscape on landscape Chapter 12 – Human Use of materials Chapter 13 – Anthropogenic Deposits Chapter 14 – Experimental and Ethno- Geoarchaeology Chapter 15 – Geoarchaeology in Forensic Science and Mortuary Archaeology Chapter 16 – Field-based methods: Documenting Context (C. Carey, Goldberg, P and Macphail, R. I.) Chapter 17 – Laboratory Techniques Chapter 18 – Reporting and publishing Chapter 19 – Concluding remarks and the geoarchaeological future Appendices Index
£80.96
Pearson Education Limited Earth Science Global Edition
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsTable of Contents 1: Introduction to Earth ScienceUnit 1 Earth Minerals2: Matter and Minerals3: Rocks: Materials of the Solid EarthUnit 2 Sculpturing Earth’s Surface4: Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting5: Running Water and Ground Water6: Glaciers, Deserts, and WindUnit 3 Forces Within7: Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds8: Earthquakes and Earth’s Interior9: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity10: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building Unit 4 Deciphering Earth’s History11: Geologic Time12: Earth’s Evolution Through Geologic TimeUnit 5 The Global Ocean13: The Ocean Floor14: Ocean Water and Ocean Life15: The Dynamic OceanUnit 6 Earth’s Dynamic Atmosphere16: The Atmosphere: Composition, Structure, and Temperature17: Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation18: Air Pressure and Wind19: Weather Patterns and Severe Storms20: World Climates and Global Climate ChangeUnit 7 Earth’s Place in the Universe21: Origins of Modern Astronomy22: Touring Our Solar System23: Light, Astronomical Observations, and The Sun24: Beyond Our Solar System:
£77.89
Macmillan Learning Earth System History
Book Synopsis
£75.99
Headline Publishing Group The Water Book
Book SynopsisA biography of the strangest molecule in the universe. Alok Jha takes the most every day of subjects - water - and explodes it into a story that takes us from the Big Bang to the latest developments of modern scienceTrade ReviewIt delights again and again because, as in all the best science writing, the tale is stranger and more curious than one could ever imagine - GuardianOne of the brightest young science writers around . . . He belongs to a select band of science communicators, and knows his science at a deep level and can put it across. - The Independent
£10.44
Taschen GmbH James Lovelock et al. The Earth and I
Book Synopsis“We are buried beneath mountains of fast-accumulating data. In such circumstances, this book, rather than adding to the data load, aims to offer real understanding.” —James LovelockHuman beings are extraordinary creatures. Intelligent, agile, and curious, we have adapted and invented our way to becoming the most important species on the planet. So great is the extent of our influence, that many speak of a new geological era, the Anthropocene, an age defined by human-induced change to the blue and green globe we call home.Our lofty status comes with responsibility as much as possibility: How should we approach our present and future? What knowledge should we carry with us? Conceived by James Lovelock (1919–2022), inventor of the Gaia theory, this illustrated essay collection brings together an all-star lineup of thinkers and scientists to offer essential understanding about who we are, how we live, and where we might be going.Much as the Gaia theory considers our Earth as an integrated whole of living systems, The Earth and I encourages holistic understanding. Across 12 chapters, we take in both the intricate details and immense structures of our species and our planet, from our ever-expanding universe to our minuscule but mighty cells. We see stellar explosions and the layers of life beneath our feet, delve into the neuroscience of decision-making, get to grips with our climate, and contemplate our increasing intimacy with technology.The book’s world-class contributors include quantum physicist Lisa Randall, Astronomer Royal Martin Rees, Pulitzer Prize–winning biologist Edward O. Wilson, and Nobel Prize–winning neuroscientist Eric Kandel. With lively illustrations from British artist Jack Hudson, the result is an inspiration for curious minds young and old, and a trusted tool kit for an informed and enlightened future.Trade Review“…a beautiful, handy explainer on the evolution of the planet.” * Wired.com *
£14.25
John Wiley & Sons Inc Sedimentary Petrology
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to Fourth Edition xiv Preface to the Third Edition xv Biographies xvi 1 Introduction: Basic Concepts and Approach 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Basic Concepts 1 1.2.1 Classification of Sedimentary Rocks 1 1.2.2 Sedimentary Environments and Facies 2 1.2.2.1 Facies 2 1.2.2.2 Facies Models 2 1.2.3 Controls on Deposition: Tectonics, Climate and Sea Level 3 1.2.3.1 Climate 4 1.2.3.2 Sea Level 4 1.2.4 Stratigraphic Practice 5 1.2.5 Sequence Stratigraphy 7 1.2.5.1 Introduction 7 1.2.5.2 Accommodation and Sedimentation Rates 7 1.2.5.3 Scale and Order 8 1.2.5.4 Stratigraphic Sequences, Key Surfaces, Systems Tracts 8 1.2.5.5 Metre-Scale Cycles, High-Frequency Sequences, Parasequences 11 1.2.6 Diagenesis 13 1.3 Methodology 13 1.3.1 In the Field 13 1.3.2 In the Laboratory 15 1.3.3 The Sedimentological Literature 17 Further Reading 18 2 Siliciclastic Sediments I: Sandstones, Conglomerates and Breccias 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Sediment Texture 19 2.2.1 Grain Size and Grain-size Parameters 21 2.2.1.1 Interpretation and Use of Grain-size Analyses 26 2.2.2 Grain Morphology 27 2.2.3 Grain-surface Texture 28 2.2.4 Grain Fabric 29 2.2.5 Textural Maturity 30 2.3 Sedimentary Structures 31 2.3.1 Erosional Sedimentary Structures 31 2.3.2 Depositional Sedimentary Structures 34 2.3.2.1 Sediment Transport and Aqueous Flows 34 Contents 0005399227.INDD 7 12-29-2022 11:54:51 viii Contents 2.3.2.2 Bedding and Lamination 39 2.3.2.3 Current Ripples, Dunes and Cross-Stratification 40 2.3.2.4 Flaser and Lenticular Bedding 44 2.3.2.5 Antidunes and Antidune Bedding 45 2.3.2.6 Wave-formed Ripples and Cross-Lamination 45 2.3.2.7 Hummocky Cross-Stratification (HCS) 46 2.3.2.8 Wind Ripples, Dunes, Draas and Aeolian Cross-bedding 47 2.3.2.9 Graded Bedding 50 2.3.2.10 Mudcracks: Desiccation and Syneresis 51 2.3.3 Post-depositional Sedimentary Structures 52 2.3.4 Biogenic Sedimentary Structures 56 2.4 Palaeocurrent Analysis 60 2.4.1 Palaeocurrent Indicators 61 2.5 Detrital Components of Siliciclastic Sediments 63 2.5.1 Rock Fragments 64 2.5.2 Quartz 65 2.5.3 Feldspars 67 2.5.4 Micas 69 2.5.5 Clay Minerals 69 2.5.6 Heavy Minerals 70 2.5.7 Other Detrital Components 71 2.5.8 Compositional Maturity 71 2.6 Classification of Siliciclastic Sediments 72 2.6.1 Classification of Sandstones 72 2.6.2 Conglomerates and Breccias 75 2.6.2.1 Composition and Textures of Conglomerates 75 2.7 Petrography and Origin of Principal Sandstone Types 77 2.7.1 Quartz Arenites 77 2.7.2 Arkoses 79 2.7.3 Litharenites 79 2.7.4 Greywackes 79 2.8 Sandstone Composition, Provenance and Tectonic Setting 82 2.9 Sandstone Diagenesis 84 2.9.1 Compaction and Pressure Dissolution 86 2.9.2 Silica Cementation 88 2.9.3 Carbonate Cementation 91 2.9.4 Feldspar Authigenesis 93 2.9.5 Clay-mineral Authigenesis 93 2.9.6 Hematite Cementation and Pigmentation: Red Beds 97 2.9.7 Diagenetic Environments and Sequences 98 2.9.8 Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy 102 2.9.9 CO2 Sequestration into Sandstone Reservoirs 104 2.10 Porosity and Permeability 104 2.11 Sediment Routing Systems 108 2.12 Depositional Environments of Sandstones and Coarser Clastics 110 2.12.1 Fluvial Systems and Facies 110 2.12.1.1 Alluvial Fan Facies 111 2.12.1.2 Meandering-stream Facies 117 2.12.1.3 Anastomosing-stream Facies 119 2.12.2 Desert Environments and Aeolian Sand Facies 121 2.12.3 Lacustrine Environments and Sandy Facies 122 2.12.4 Deltaic Environments and Facies 124 0005399227.INDD 8 12-29-2022 11:54:51 Contents ix 2.12.4.1 River-dominated Deltas 127 2.12.4.2 Wave-dominated Deltas 128 2.12.4.3 Tide-dominated Deltas 129 2.12.4.4 Ancient Deltas 130 2.12.4.5 Fan Deltas 130 2.12.5 Marine Shoreline Environments and Facies 131 2.12.5.1 Beach-barrier Island and Strandplain Systems 131 2.12.5.2 Tidal Flats 135 2.12.5.3 Estuaries and Incised Valleys 135 2.12.6 Shallow-marine Shelves, Epeiric Seas and Their Facies 136 2.12.6.1 Tidal Bedforms and Sand Sheets 136 2.12.6.2 Tidal Sand Banks 138 2.12.6.3 Non-tidal Offshore Sand Bodies 138 2.12.7 Continental Margins and Deep-water Basins 139 2.12.8 Glacial Environments 146 2.13 Facies Sequences, Controls and Sequence Stratigraphy 148 2.13.1 Facies Sequences and Controls 148 2.13.2 Sequence Stratigraphy 149 References 151 Further Reading 164 3 Siliciclastic Sediments II: Mudrocks 166 3.1 Introduction 166 3.2 Textures and Structures of Mudrocks 166 3.2.1 Nodules and Concretions 169 3.3 The Colour of Mudrocks 173 3.4 Mineral Constituents of Mudrocks 173 3.4.1 Clay Minerals 174 3.4.2 Quartz 177 3.4.3 Organic Matter 177 3.4.4 Other Constituents 177 3.5 The Formation and Distribution of Clay Minerals in Modern Sediments 179 3.6 Diagenesis of Clay Minerals and Mudrocks 181 3.6.1 Early (Shallow) Diagenesis 181 3.6.2 Burial (Deeper) Diagenesis 184 3.7 Mudrocks and Their Depositional Environments 186 3.7.1 Residual Mudrocks and Soils 187 3.7.2 Detrital Mudrocks 189 3.7.2.1 Non-marine Mudrocks 189 3.7.2.2 Marine Mudrocks 190 3.7.2.3 Organic-rich Mudrocks and Black Shales 192 3.7.2.4 Shale Gas 193 3.7.2.5 Mud Diapirism and Mud Volcanoes 194 3.7.2.6 Loess and Loessite 195 3.7.3 Mudrocks of Volcaniclastic Origin 197 3.7.4 Temporal (and Spatial) Variations in Mudrock Sequences 197 References 198 Further Reading 203 4 Carbonate Sediments: Limestones and Dolomites 204 4.1 Introduction 204 4.2 Techniques for the Study of Carbonate Sediments 205 0005399227.INDD 9 12-29-2022 11:54:52 x Contents 4.2.1 In the Field 205 4.2.2 The Petrographic Study of Carbonates 205 4.2.3 Isotopes and Trace Elements 207 4.3 Mineralogy of Carbonate Sediments 209 4.4 Carbonate Production and Factories 210 4.4.1 Carbonate Factories 211 4.4.2 Controls on Carbonate Production and Deposition 212 4.5 Components of Carbonate Rocks 214 4.5.1 Non-skeletal Grains 214 4.5.1.1 Ooids and Pisoids 214 4.5.1.2 Ancient Marine Ooids 217 4.5.1.3 Origin of Ooids and Seawater Chemistry Through Time 217 4.5.1.4 Peloids 219 4.5.1.5 Aggregates and Intraclasts 220 4.5.2 Skeletal Components (excluding Algae and Microbes) 220 4.5.2.1 Mollusca 221 4.5.2.2 Brachiopods 224 4.5.2.3 Cnidaria (especially Corals) 225 4.5.2.4 Echinodermata 226 4.5.2.5 Bryozoa 226 4.5.2.6 Foraminifera 227 4.5.2.7 Other Carbonate-forming Organisms 228 4.5.3 The Contribution of Microbes to Carbonates 230 4.5.3.1 Rhodophyta (Red Algae) 230 4.5.3.2 Chlorophyta (Green Algae) 231 4.5.3.3 Chrysophyta (Yellow-green Algae, Coccoliths) 232 4.5.3.4 Calcified Cyanobacteria and Algae (Calcimicrobes) 232 4.5.3.5 Micrite Envelopes and Microbial Micritisation 233 4.5.3.6 Microbialites: Stromatolites, Thrombolites and Oncoids 233 4.5.4 Lime Mud and Micrite 238 4.6 Classification of Limestones 239 4.6.1 Classification Schemes 239 4.6.2 Carbonate Microfacies and Standard Microfacies Types (SMF) 241 4.7 Limestone Grain Size and Texture 243 4.8 Sedimentary Structures of Limestones 244 4.8.1 Bedding Planes, Hardgrounds, Tepees and Palaeokarstic Surfaces 244 4.8.2 Current and Wave Structures 247 4.8.3 Cavity Structures 248 4.9 Carbonate Diagenesis 251 4.9.1 Marine Diagenesis 252 4.9.1.1 Marine Diagenesis in Recent Carbonate Sediments 252 4.9.1.2 Marine Diagenesis in Ancient Limestones 256 4.9.1.3 Discussion of Marine Cements 259 4.9.2 Meteoric Diagenesis 260 4.9.2.1 Ancient Meteoric Calcite Cements 262 4.9.3 Calcite Spar: A Meteoric and Burial Cement 263 4.9.3.1 Origin of Calcite Spar 264 4.9.4 Neomorphism (Recrystallisation) 264 4.9.4.1 Microspar–pseudospar; Aggrading Neomorphism 265 4.9.4.2 Calcitisation of Aragonite Grains and Cements 266 4.9.4.3 Degrading Neomorphism 266 4.9.5 Modelling Limestone Diagenesis 266 0005399227.INDD 10 12-29-2022 11:54:52 Contents xi 4.9.6 Compaction 266 4.9.6.1 Differential Compaction 268 4.10 Dolomitisation and Dedolomitisation 269 4.10.1 Dolomites: Nature and Occurrence 269 4.10.2 Origin of Dolomites and Dolomitisation Models 274 4.10.2.1 Modern Dolomites 274 4.10.2.2 Ancient Dolomites 275 4.10.2.3 Seawater Dolomitisation 276 4.10.2.4 Burial Dolomitisation and Hydrothermal Dolomite (HTD) 277 4.10.3 Modelling Dolomitisation 278 4.10.4 Dedolomitisation (Calcitisation of Dolomite) 279 4.11 Silicification of Limestones 281 4.12 Porosity in Carbonate Sediments 281 4.12.1 Carbonate Paragenesis and Burial History Plots 283 4.13 Carbonate Depositional Environments and Facies 283 4.13.1 Non-marine Carbonate Sediments 283 4.13.1.1 Lacustrine Limestones 284 4.13.1.2 Pedogenic Carbonates: Calcrete and Dolocrete 286 4.13.1.3 Spring Carbonates: Tufa and Travertine 289 4.13.2 Marine Carbonates and Carbonate Platforms 291 4.13.3 Shelf and Ramp Systems: Facies Belts and Standard Microfacies 293 4.13.4 Intertidal–supratidal Carbonates 293 4.13.5 Lagoonal Limestones 294 4.13.6 Intertidal–subtidal Carbonate Sand Bodies and Storm Deposits 295 4.13.7 Offshore Shelf-ramp Carbonates: Storm Deposits, Internalites, Limestone-Mud/ Marl Alternations (Ribbon Rocks) 297 4.13.7.1 Storm Beds and Banks 297 4.13.8 Reefs and Carbonate Buildups 298 4.13.8.1 Reefs as Hydrocarbon Reservoirs 301 4.13.9 Pelagic Limestones 301 4.13.10 Resedimented Deeper-water Limestones 303 4.14 Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy and Forward Modelling 306 4.14.1 Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate Shelves 306 4.14.2 Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate Ramps 308 4.14.3 Sequence Stratigraphy of Mixed Siliciclastic–Carbonate Successions 309 4.14.4 Metre-scale Cycles (Parasequences) and their Stacking Patterns 309 4.14.5 Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy 311 4.14.6 Modelling Carbonate Stratigraphy, Sequences and Cycles 311 References 312 Further Reading 325 Websites 325 5 Evaporites 326 5.1 Introduction 326 5.1.1 Techniques for Studying Evaporites 326 5.1.2 Early Geochemical Work 326 5.2 Evaporite Deposits and Depositional Environments 328 5.3 Gypsum and Anhydrite 331 5.3.1 Sabkha Sulphate and Nodular Anhydrite 332 5.3.2 Bottom-growth Gypsum 332 5.3.3 Laminated Gypsum/Anhydrite 333 5.3.4 Resedimented Gypsum-Anhydrite 336 0005399227.INDD 11 12-29-2022 11:54:52 xii Contents 5.3.5 Secondary and Fibrous Gypsum 336 5.3.6 Burial Anhydrite 337 5.4 Halite 337 5.5 Other Evaporite Minerals and Their Occurrence 341 5.5.1 Potassium and Magnesium Salts 341 5.5.2 Lacustrine Evaporites 342 5.6 Evaporite Dissolution and Replacement 343 5.7 Evaporite Sequences and Discussion 345 5.8 Evaporites Through Time 349 5.9 Evaporites, Diapirism, Deformation and Decollement 350 References 350 Further Reading 353 6 Sedimentary Ironstones and Iron Formations 354 6.1 Introduction 354 6.1.1 Techniques for the Study of Ironstones and Iron Formations 354 6.2 Source and Transportation of Iron 355 6.3 Formation of the Principal Iron Minerals 356 6.4 Occurrence and Petrography of Iron Minerals 359 6.4.1 Iron Oxides 359 6.4.2 Iron Carbonates 360 6.4.3 Iron Sulphides 361 6.4.4 Iron Silicates 361 6.5 Precambrian Iron Formations and Phanerozoic Ironstones 364 6.5.1 Precambrian Iron Formations 365 6.5.2 Phanerozoic Ironstones 368 6.6 Bog Iron Ores 370 6.7 Ferromanganese Nodules and Crusts, and Metalliferous Sediments 370 References 372 Further Reading 374 7 Sedimentary Phosphate Deposits 375 7.1 Introduction 375 7.1.1 Techniques for Studying Phosphorites 375 7.2 Mineralogy 375 7.3 Nodular and Bedded Phosphorites 376 7.3.1 Recent–Subrecent Occurrences 376 7.3.2 Origin of Marine Phosphorites 376 7.3.3 Ancient Phosphorite Sequences 379 7.4 Bioclastic and Pebble-Bed Phosphorites 381 7.5 Guano and Ocean-Island Phosphorites 382 References 382 Further Reading 383 8 Coal and Petroleum 384 8.1 Introduction 384 8.2 Modern Organic Deposits 384 8.3 Ancient Organic Deposits 385 8.4 Coals and the Coal Series 386 8.4.1 Humic Coals 388 8.4.2 Sapropelic Coals 388 8.5 Coal Petrology 388 8.5.1 Organic Constituents 388 8.5.2 Inorganic Constituents 390 8.5.3 Gas in Coal 391 8.5.4 Coal Balls 391 8.6 Coal Formation and Rank 391 8.6.1 Chemical Considerations 391 8.6.2 Rank, Depth and Temperature 392 8.7 Occurrence of Coal 392 8.8 Formation of Kerogen 394 8.9 Petroleum 395 8.9.1 Composition and Occurrence 395 8.9.2 Formation of Petroleum 397 References 399 Further Reading 400 9 Cherts and Siliceous Sediments 401 9.1 Introduction 401 9.1.1 Techniques for Studying Chert 401 9.2 Chert Petrology 402 9.3 Bedded Chert 404 9.3.1 Siliceous Ooze and Bedded Chert 404 9.3.1.1 Modern and Phanerozoic 404 9.3.1.2 Precambrian Cherts 406 9.3.2 The Origin of Chert 407 9.4 Nodular Chert 410 9.5 Non- Marine Siliceous Sediment and Chert 413 References 415 Further Reading 417 Index 418
£38.90
Elsevier Science Geotechnical Engineering Calculations and Rules
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1 Geotechnical Engineering Fundamentals 1 Geology and geotechnical engineering 2 Site investigation 3 Groundwater 4 Soil laboratory testing 5 Geotechnical engineering theoretical concepts Part 2 Shallow Foundations 6 Shallow foundation fundamentals 7 Bearing capacity – rules of thumb 8 Bearing capacity computation (general equation for cohesive and noncohesive soils) 9 Elastic settlement of shallow foundations 10 Foundation reinforcement design 11 Grillage design 12 Footings subjected to bending moment 13 Geogrids 14 Tie beams and grade beams 15 Drainage for shallow foundations 16 Selection of foundation type 17 Consolidation settlement of foundations 18 Secondary compression 19 Seismic design of shallow foundations Part 3 Earth Retaining Structures 20 Earth retaining structures 21 Gravity walls: sand backfill 22 Cantilever walls 23 Gabion walls 24 Reinforced earth walls 25 Structural design of retaining walls Part 4 Geotechnical Engineering Strategies 26 Geotechnical engineering software 27 Geotechnical instrumentation 28 Unbraced excavations 29 Braced excavations 30 Raft design 31 Rock mechanics and foundation design in rock 32 Dip angle and strike 33 Rock bolts, dowels, and cable bolts 34 Soil anchors 35 Tunnel design 36 Geosynthetics in geotechnical engineering 37 Slurry cutoff walls 38 Earthwork 39 Mass-haul diagrams Part 5 Pile Foundations 40 Pile foundations 41 Pile design in sandy soils 42 Pile design in clay soils 43 Pile installation and verification 44 Design of pin piles – semiempirical approach 45 Neutral plane concept and negative skin friction 46 Design of caissons 47 Design of pile groups Subject Index
£71.99
Dorling Kindersley Ltd The Renegades Arctic Meltdown Defenders of the
Book SynopsisBeneath the Arctic ice, the Methanaur is awakening. If this deadly methane monster breaks free, it spells the end of civilization as we know it.Meet Professor Katelyn, Leon, and Mo - also known as The Renegades. Professor Kateyln is a whip-smart scientist who uses her scientific knowledge to develop spectacles that can catch glimpses of the future. Wrestling with his anger at the naysayers who don''t seem to care about the environment, Leon has the ability to become invisible - the perfect spy! And then there''s Mo who, in the wake of his brother''s death in a cyclone, manages to wield a solar shield strong enough to fight the deadliest of foes. Our superheroes grapple with multiple environmental threats, most deadly of all a monster that lurks beneath the melting Arctic ice. If it escapes, this creature of chaos will release huge plumes of methane gas into the atmosphere, changing the balance of our planet''s climate forever. Can the Renegades work to
£9.49
National Academies Press Environmental Data Management at Noaa
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£37.00
National Academies Press Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space
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£112.80
Little, Brown Book Group Bring Me Sunshine
Book SynopsisWe talk about the weather a lot. It exasperates, confounds and on occasion delights us. Our national conversation is dominated by the weather, but how much do we really know about it? In Bring Me Sunshine, Charlie Connelly sets off on the trail of our island obsession. He breezes through the lives of meteorological eccentrics, geniuses, rainmakers and cloud-busters and brings vividly to life great weather events from history. He sheds light on Britain''s weirdest wind, why we have the wettest place in England to thank for the trusty pencil, the debt that umbrella owners owe to Robinson Crusoe and why people once thought firing cannons at clouds was a great idea. Having adventured round the shipping forecast areas for his bestselling Attention All Shipping, Connelly is the perfect guide through a mélange of gales, blizzards, mists, heatwaves and the occasional shower of fish. By turns informative, entertaining and hilarious, Bring Me SunshineTrade ReviewFor fans of Charlie Connelly, things have indeed turned out nice again * Spectator *
£10.44
CRC Press Large Outdoor Fire Dynamics
Book Synopsis
£47.49
Cambridge University Press Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics
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£62.69
John Wiley & Sons Inc Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones
Book SynopsisUnderstanding gemstones in a geological context Gemstones are colorful treasures of the Earth that have captivated humans for thousands of years. The physical and chemical characteristics of each type of gem provide insights into the geological processes that created them. Geology and Mineralogy of Gemstones is a textbook aimed at upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. It presents the basic mineralogical and geological knowledge needed to understand gemstones and examines the characteristics and geological origins of different types of gemstone. Volume highlights include: Concepts in mineralogyStructure and chemical composition of mineralsGeological processes that lead to the formation and movement of gemstonesEquipment and tools used to examine gemstones and their physical properties The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xiii Part I Developing Base Knowledge 1 1 Minerals and Mineralogy 3 1.1 Minerals and Rocks 3 1.2 What is a Gemstone? 3 1.3 Atoms, Elements, and Bonding 4 1.3.1 Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons 4 1.3.2 Atomic Mass 5 1.3.3 Atomic Structure, Electrical Charges, and Ions 5 1.3.4 Elements 6 1.3.5 Element Groups 6 1.3.6 Elemental Abundance in the Earth’s Crust 7 1.3.7 Compounds and Mixtures 8 1.3.8 Chemical Bonds 8 1.4 Physical Properties of Minerals 9 References 11 2 Basics of Rocks and Geology 13 2.1 Earth System Science 13 2.2 The Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics 13 2.3 General Rock Types and the Rock Cycle 19 2.4 Metasomatism and Hydrothermal Fluids 23 2.5 Geological Structures 24 2.6 Important Rock Types for Gemstone Deposits 24 2.7 Weathering, Sedimentation, and Secondary Gem Deposits 26 References 28 3 Intermediate Mineralogy 29 3.1 Structure and Chemistry of Minerals 29 3.1.1 Crystallography and Symmetry 29 3.1.2 Mineral Classes 32 3.1.3 Mineral Formulae 32 3.1.4 Element Substitutions 33 3.2 Light 34 3.2.1 Reflection and Refraction 34 3.2.2 Illumination 39 3.2.3 Dispersion 41 3.2.4 Optic Class 42 3.2.5 Color in Minerals 43 3.2.6 Pleochroism 44 3.2.7 Transparency 46 References 47 4 Concepts of Gemmology and Tools 49 4.1 Concepts of Gemmology 49 4.1.1 Gemmological Properties for Testing, Faceting, and Treatments 49 4.2 Tools 51 4.2.1 Collecting and Field Tools 51 4.2.2 Gemmological Tools 52 4.2.3 Advanced Tools 57 References 60 Part II Gemstones and Their Origins 63 5 Diamond 65 5.1 Introduction 65 5.2 Basic Qualities of Diamond 67 5.2.1 Crystal Structure 68 5.2.2 Crystal Chemistry and Type Classification of Diamond 69 5.2.3 Diamond Crystal Forms 71 5.2.4 Colored Diamonds 74 5.3 Common Diamond Treatments 76 5.4 Synthetic Diamond 79 5.5 Geology of Diamond and Kimberlite 79 5.5.1 Diamond Growth 81 5.5.2 Kimberlite Volcanoes 82 5.5.3 Lamproite 83 5.6 Global Distribution and Production of Diamond 84 5.7 Diamonds from Canada 92 5.8 The 4 Cs 95 5.8.1 Cut 95 5.8.2 Clarity 95 5.8.3 Color 96 5.8.4 Carat 98 5.9 Diamond Shapes 98 5.10 Diamond Valuation 99 5.11 Kimberley Process: A 5th C? 100 References 100 6 Corundum 103 6.1 Introduction 103 6.2 Basic Qualities of Corundum 104 6.2.1 Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Corundum 104 6.2.2 Corundum Crystal Forms 104 6.2.3 Colors of Corundum 104 6.3 Faceted Gem Corundum 107 6.4 Corundum Valuation 107 6.5 Corundum Treatments, Synthetics, and Imitations 110 6.6 Geology of Gem Corundum: Three Main Genetic Models 113 6.6.1 Metamorphic Corundum in Silica-Deficient Gneisses, Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks and Marbles 114 6.6.2 Xenocrysts in Alkali Basalts and Lamprophyres 118 6.6.3 Secondary Accumulation in Placers 120 6.7 Rarity of Gem Corundum 124 6.8 Global Distribution and Production of Corundum 124 References 127 7 Beryl 131 7.1 Introduction 131 7.2 Basic Qualities of Beryl 132 7.2.1 Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Beryl 132 7.2.2 Colors of Beryl and Gem Varieties 134 7.3 Beryl Valuation 138 7.4 Common Treatments, Synthetics, and Imitations 140 7.5 Geology of Gem Beryl: Three Main Genetic Models 141 7.5.1 Pegmatitic 141 7.5.2 Magmatic 141 7.5.3 Metamorphic 146 7.6 Large Beryl Crystals 149 7.7 Global Distribution of Beryl 149 References 150 8 Pegmatites 153 8.1 Introduction 153 8.2 Pegmatite Mineralogy 153 8.3 Pegmatite Genesis 154 8.4 Geochemical Families of Pegmatites 155 8.5 Pegmatite Morphology 157 8.6 Corrosion 161 8.7 Rarity of Gem-Bearing Pegmatites 162 8.8 Tourmaline 162 8.8.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Tourmaline 162 8.8.2 Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Tourmaline 165 8.8.3 Colors and Gem Varieties of Tourmaline 166 8.8.4 Tourmaline Recognition, Value and Treatments 168 8.9 Spodumene 172 8.9.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Spodumene 172 8.9.2 Colors and Gem Varieties of Spodumene 173 8.9.3 Spodumene Recognition, Value, and Treatments 173 8.10 Topaz 175 8.10.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Topaz 175 8.10.2 Geology of Gem Topaz 176 8.10.3 Colors and Gem Varieties of Topaz 179 8.10.4 Topaz Recognition, Value, and Treatments 181 References 181 9 Chrysoberyl 185 9.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Chrysoberyl 185 9.2 Geology of Gem Chrysoberyl 185 References 189 10 Spinel 191 10.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Spinel 191 10.2 Geology of Gem Spinel 192 References 195 11 Tanzanite 197 11.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Tanzanite 197 11.2 Geology of Tanzanite 197 References 200 12 The Garnet Group 201 12.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of the Garnet Group 201 12.2 Geology of Gem Garnet 201 References 207 13 Jade: Jadeite and Nephrite 209 13.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Jade 209 13.2 Geology of Jade 209 References 217 14 Quartz and Silica Gems 219 14.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Quartz and Silica Gem Varieties 219 14.2 Quartz 219 14.3 Amethyst 220 14.4 Agate 221 14.5 Opal 222 References 228 15 Other Gems 231 15.1 Olivine 231 15.1.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Olivine 231 15.1.2 Geology of Gem Peridot 231 15.2 Turquoise 236 15.2.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Turquoise 236 15.2.2 Geology of Turquoise 237 15.3 Lapis Lazuli 238 15.3.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Lapis Lazuli 238 15.3.2 Geology of Lapis Lazuli 238 15.4 Zircon 243 15.4.1 Introduction and Basic Qualities of Zircon 243 15.4.2 Geology of Gem Zircon 244 References 247 16 Organic Gems 251 16.1 Amber 251 16.2 Ammolite 251 References 257 Index 259
£77.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xiii About the Companion Website xv Part A Sedimentary Materials, Processes and Products 1 1 Introduction to Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 3 1.1 Overview 4 1.2 Sedimentology 5 1.3 Stratigraphy 6 1.4 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 7 Further Reading 8 2 Clastic Sediments: Gravel, Sand and Mud 9 2.1 Classification of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks 10 2.2 Gravel and Conglomerate 12 2.3 Sand and Sandstone 15 2.4 Clay, Silt and Mudrock 26 2.5 Textures and Analysis of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks 29 2.6 Clastic Sediments: Summary 34 Further Reading 34 3 Biogenic, Chemical and Volcanogenic Sediments 35 3.1 Limestone 36 3.2 Evaporite Minerals 44 3.3 Cherts 46 3.4 Sedimentary Phosphates 47 3.5 Sedimentary Ironstone 47 3.6 Carbonaceous (Organic) Deposits 49 3.7 Volcaniclastic Sedimentary Rocks 51 Further Reading 52 4 Processes of Transport and Sedimentary Structures 53 4.1 Transport Media 54 4.2 The Behaviour of Fluids and Particles in Fluids 55 4.3 Flows, Sediment and Bedforms 60 4.4 Waves 70 4.5 Sediment Gravity Flows 73 4.6 Mudcracks 77 4.7 Erosional Sedimentary Structures 78 4.8 Terminology for Sedimentary Structures and Beds 79 4.9 Sedimentary Structures and Sedimentary Environments 81 Further Reading 82 5 Field Sedimentology, Facies and Environments 83 5.1 Field Sedimentology 84 5.2 Graphic Sedimentary Logs 85 5.3 Palaeocurrents 91 5.4 Sampling Sedimentary Rocks 94 5.5 Description of Core 96 5.6 Interpreting Past Depositional Environments 97 5.7 Reconstructing Palaeoenvironments 101 5.8 Summary: Facies and Environments 105 Further Reading 105 Part B Continental Environments 107 6 Continental Environments and Sources of Sediment 109 6.1 From Source of Sediment to Formation of Strata 110 6.2 Tectonic Uplift 110 6.3 Global Climate 111 6.4 Weathering Processes 112 6.5 Erosion and Transport 115 6.6 Denudation and Landscape Evolution 118 6.7 Continental Environments of Deposition 124 Further Reading 126 7 Glacial Environments 127 7.1 Distribution of Glacial Environments 128 7.2 Glacial Ice 129 7.3 Continental Glacial Environments 131 7.4 Continental Glacial Deposition 136 7.5 Marine Glacial Environments 138 7.6 Glacial Deposits in the Stratigraphic Record 140 7.7 Glacial Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 141 Further Reading 142 8 Aeolian Environments 143 8.1 Aeolian Transport 144 8.2 Characteristics of Wind- blown Particles 145 8.3 Desert Environments 146 8.4 Aeolian Bedforms 148 8.5 Stratigraphic Record of Aeolian Deposits 152 8.6 Aeolian Deposits Outside Deserts 155 8.7 Summary 157 Further Reading 158 9 Rivers and Alluvial Fans 159 9.1 Fluvial and Alluvial Systems 160 9.2 River Channels 162 9.3 Floodplain Deposition 170 9.4 Alluvial Fans 171 9.5 Fossils in Fluvial and Alluvial Environments 175 9.6 Soils and Palaeosols 176 9.7 Fluvial and Alluvial Stratigraphy 179 Further Reading 184 10 Lakes 185 10.1 Lakes and Lacustrine Environments 186 10.2 Freshwater Lakes 187 10.3 Freshwater Lake Clastic Deposits 190 10.4 Saline Lakes 193 10.5 Ephemeral Lakes 194 10.6 Lacustrine Carbonates 197 10.7 Lacustrine Stratigraphy 198 10.8 Recognition of Lacustrine Facies in the Stratigraphic Record 199 Further Reading 200 11 Volcanic Rocks and Sediments 201 11.1 Volcanic Rocks and Sediment 202 11.2 Transport and Deposition of Volcaniclastic Material 205 11.3 Eruption Styles 209 11.4 Facies Associations in Volcanic Successions 210 11.5 Volcanic Material in Other Environments 213 11.6 Volcanic Rocks in Earth History 214 Further Reading 215 Part C Marine Environments 217 12 The Marine Realm: Morphology and Processes 219 12.1 Oceans and Seas 220 12.2 Oceanic Currents 222 12.3 Wave and Storm Processes 222 12.4 Tides 223 12.5 Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentation in Oceans 228 12.6 Marine Fossils 230 12.7 Trace Fossils 231 Further Reading 235 13 Deltas 237 13.1 Modern Deltas 238 13.2 Variations in Delta Morphology 241 13.3 Syndepositional Deformation in Deltas 249 13.4 Deltaic Successions 249 13.5 Deltaic Cycles and Stratigraphy 254 13.6 Fossils in Deltaic Deposits 255 13.7 Recognition of Deltaic Deposits 255 Further Reading 256 14 Clastic Coasts and Estuaries 259 14.1 Coasts 260 14.2 Beaches 261 14.3 Wave- dominated Coastlines 265 14.4 Tidally Influenced Coastal Systems 269 14.5 Estuaries 271 14.6 Fossils in Coastal and Estuarine Environments 275 14.7 Recognition of Coastal and Estuarine Systems 276 Further Reading 277 15 Shallow Sandy Seas 279 15.1 Shallow Marine Environments 280 15.2 Storm and Wave- dominated Shallow Clastic Seas 282 15.3 Tide- dominated Clastic Shallow Seas 286 15.4 Responses to Change in Sea Level 290 15.5 Fossils in Sandy Shelf Successions 291 15.6 Criteria for the Recognition of Sandy Shallow Marine Sediments 292 Further Reading 293 16 Shallow Marine Carbonate and Evaporite Environments 295 16.1 Carbonate and Evaporite Depositional Environments 296 16.2 Coastal Carbonate and Evaporite Environments 299 16.3 Shallow Marine Carbonate Deposits 303 16.4 Carbonate Platform Facies and Successions 309 16.5 Marine Evaporites 314 16.6 Mixed Carbonate- clastic Environments 317 16.7 Recognition of Shallow Marine Carbonate and Evaporite Facies 318 Further Reading 319 17 Deep Marine Environments 321 17.1 The Deep Seas 322 17.2 Sediment Gravity Flow Processes in Deep Seas 323 17.3 Submarine Fans 325 17.4 Ancient Submarine Fan Systems 328 17.5 Slope Aprons 332 17.6 Ocean Current and Pelagic Sedimentation 333 17.7 Chemogenic Sediments 337 17.8 Fossils in Deep Ocean Sediments 337 Further Reading 339 Part D Post-depositional Processes 341 18 Soft Sediment Deformation 343 18.1 Deformation After Deposition 344 18.2 Large- scale Post- depositional Features 350 Further Reading 353 19 Diagenesis 355 19.1 Diagenetic Processes 356 19.2 Clastic Diagenesis 363 19.3 Carbonate Diagenesis 366 19.4 Diagenesis of Volcaniclastic Sediments 369 19.5 Formation of Coal, Oil and Gas 370 Further Reading 375 Part E Stratigraphy 377 20 Stratigraphy: Concepts and Lithostratigraphy 379 20.1 Geologic Time 380 20.2 Stratigraphic Units 385 20.3 Lithostratigraphy 385 20.4 Applications of Lithostratigraphy 391 Further Reading 394 21 Biostratigraphy 395 21.1 Fossils in Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 396 21.2 Classification of Organisms 397 21.3 Evolutionary Trends 398 21.4 Biozones and Zone Fossils 400 21.5 Taxa Used in Biostratigraphy 404 21.6 Applied Biostratigraphy 408 21.7 Biostratigraphy and Other Stratigraphic Techniques 409 Further Reading 410 22 Dating and Correlation Techniques 411 22.1 Techniques for Dating and Correlation 412 22.2 Radiometric dating 412 22.3 Magnetostrati graphy 416 22.4 Chemostrati graphy 418 22.5 Dating in the Quaternary 421 Further Reading 423 23 Subsurface Stratigraphy and Sedimentology 425 23.1 Introduction to Subsurface Stratigraphy and Sedimentology 426 23.2 Seismic Reflection Data 426 23.3 Borehole Stratigraphy and Sedimentology 432 23.4 Petrophysical Logging 435 23.5 Subsurface Facies and Basin Analysis 440 Further Reading 441 24 Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Changes 443 24.1 Sea- level Changes and Sedimentation 444 24.2 Depositional Sequences and Systems Tracts 452 24.3 Parasequences: Components of Systems Tracts 457 24.4 Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy 461 24.5 Applications of Sequence Stratigraphy 463 24.6 Causes of Sea Level Fluctuations 467 24.7 Sequence Stratigraphy: Summary 473 Further Reading 474 25 Sedimentary Basins 475 25.1 Controls on Sediment Accumulation 476 25.2 Basins Related to Lithospheric Extension 478 25.3 Basins Related to Subduction 484 25.4 Basins Related to Crustal Loading 486 25.5 Basins Related to Strike- slip Tectonics 489 25.6 Complex and Hybrid Basins 490 25.7 The Record of Tectonics in Stratigraphy 490 25.8 Sedimentary Basin Analysis 492 25.9 Integrating Sedimentology and Stratigraphy: the History of the Earth’s Surface 495 Further Reading 496 References 497 Index 511
£48.40
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Handbook of Erosion Modelling
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£113.36
Headline Publishing Group Subterranea
Book Synopsis''AN ORIGINAL AND TIMELY ODYSSEY INTO OUR MYSTERIOUS UNDERWORLD . . . THRILLING PROOF THAT SCIENCE AND IMAGINATION SHARE THE GROUND BENEATH OUR FEET'' Nicholas Crane, presenter of BBC2''s Coast and Great British JourneysIf you were to peel back the Earth''s surface like an orange, then take a sly peek underneath, what extraordinary things would you see?Subterranea is where the world''s remaining mysteries are yet to be found. For millennia, across nations and cultures, it has been a hotbed of fantastical stories. It''s where humans have kept their most sacred treasures and their darkest secrets. It''s where we have found evidence of our past and may, at some point, find an escape route for our uncertain future. But what would we find there today? From the underground cities of Cappadocia to smuggling tunnels on the US-Mexico border, caves full of tiny blind dragons and a seed vault located 1300km inside the Arctic circle, SuTrade ReviewAn original and timely odyssey into our mysterious underworld ... Thrilling proof that science and imagination share the ground beneath our feet. * Nicholas Crane, presenter of BBC2's Coast and Great British Journeys *An incredible and evocative journey into the most exotic and unknown realms on the planet ... Here is a book that makes you stop and wonder at every page; a deeply engaging guided tour through an eerie world where mankind's old myths and legends seem to acquire a mesmerising reality. * Sinclair McKay *With evocative maps and stunning photography, Subterranea shows that the underground realm is just as captivating as the above-ground world around us. * Daily Mail *Accompanied by stunning photography and illustrative maps, this book is a great way to escape from the outside world by diving into the depths of another. 5 STARS ***** * How It Works magazine *Chris Fitch is fascinated by these fantastical underworlds, and has gone in search of enigmatic cave paintings, eerie plague pits, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault and the illicit smuggling tunnels snaking between Mexico and the USA. * The Simple Things magazine *Remarkable places ... glorious illustrations. * Wanderlust magazine *With evocative maps and stunning photograpghy, Subterranea shows that the underground realm is just as captivating as the above-ground world around us.' -- Ciara Dossett * Daily Mail *
£21.25
