Earth sciences Books
Polity Press The Book of Clouds How to Read the Sky
£17.00
Graffeg Limited Nature Book Series, The: The Hare Book
Book SynopsisThe hare permeates our consciousness like no other creature. Despite facing ever increasing environmental pressures, the hare still retains its ability to both delight and confound in equal measure. Produced in conjunction with The Hare Preservation Trust, this book offers a unique insight into this most fascinating of creatures.
£12.50
Oxford University Press Fire
Book SynopsisFire is rarely out of the headlines, from large natural wildfires raging across the Australian or Californian countrysides to the burning of buildings such as the disasters of Grenfell tower and Notre Dame. Fire on these scales can represent a serious risk to human life and property. But the advent of fire made and controlled by humans also represented a crucial point in our evolution, allowing us to cook our food, forge our weapons, and warm our homes.This Very Short Introduction covers the fundamentals of fire, whether wild or under human control, starting with the basics of ignition, combustion, and fuel. Andrew Scott considers both natural wildfires and the role of humans in making and suppressing fire. Despite frightening reports of wildfire destruction, he also shows how landscape fires have been part of our planet''s history for 400 million years, and do not always have to be extinguished. He also considers the problem of fires in urban settings, including new ways to prevent fires. The cost of wildfire can be steep - as well as the burning, post-fire erosion and flooding can have a great impact on both humans and the environment. It can also have a lasting effect in shaping ecosystems and plant life. Scott ends by examining the relationship between fire and the climate, and considering the future of wildfire in a warming world.ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgements List of Illustrations 1: The elements of fire 2: The deep history of fire 3: Fire and humankind 4: Containing and suppressing fire 5: New technologies and changing fire policies 6: Fire and climate change References Further reading Index
£9.49
National Academies Press Evolving the Geodetic Infrastructure to Meet New Scientific Needs
£51.85
Octopus Publishing Group 117 Things You Should F*#king Know About Your
Book SynopsisDid you know your irises are lying to you and all human eyes are actually brown?Want to know the absolute worst way to die, according to science? Did you know that a smoking psychedelic toad milk could alleviate depression for up to four weeks?117 Things You Should F*#king Know About Your World tells you the answers to these questions and many more weird and wonderful facts about the universe. Split into the site's different subject areas of environment, technology, space, health and medicine, plants and animals, physics and chemistry, this is the ultimate science book. With 25 million social media followers, I F*#king Love Science is the world's favourite source of science on the web. From missing nuclear weapons and Facebook secret files to the world's smallest computer and why you should wrap your car keys in tinfoil, this is the book that only the world's leading source of crazy-but-true stories could produce.
£15.29
Ebury Publishing A Life on Our Planet: My Witness Statement and a
Book SynopsisWith a new afterword, Why You Are Here: A speech on the opening of the COP26 climate summitAs a young man, I felt I was out there in the wild, experiencing the untouched natural world - but it was an illusion. The tragedy of our time has been happening all around us, barely noticeable from day to day - the loss of our planet's wild places, its biodiversity. I have been witness to this decline. A Life on Our Planet contains my witness statement, and my vision for the future - the story of how we came to make this, our greatest mistake, and how, if we act now, we can yet put it right.We have the opportunity to create the perfect home for ourselves and restore the wonderful world we inherited.All we need is the will do so.
£11.69
Oxford University Press A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences
Book SynopsisThis new edition includes 10,000 entries which cover all areas of geoscience, including planetary science, oceanography, palaeontology, mineralogy and volcanology. In this edition, 675 new entries have been added, and include expanded coverage of planetary geology and earth-observing-satellites. Other new entries terms such as Ianammox, Boomerangian, earth rheological layering, and metamorphic rock classification. The entries are also complemented by more than 130 diagrams and numerous web links that are listed on a regularly updated dedicated companion website. Appendices supplement the A-Z and have been extended to include three new tables on the Torino Impact Hazard Scale, Avalanche Classes, and the Volcanic Explosivity Index. The list of satellite missions has also been revised and updated to include recent developments. A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences is an authoritative, and jargon-free resource for students of geology, geography, geosciences, physical science, and thoTrade ReviewI marvel at how the editors have compressed so much so clearly ... a feat which occurs only once in a blue moon -- and even that is defined * Nature *can really claim to offer comprehensive coverage of the earth sciences * TES *Table of ContentsPreface A-Z entries Stratigraphic Units As Defined In The North American Stratigraphic Code, 1983 Time-Scales Wind Strength Si Units, Conversions, And Multiples Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) Torino Impact Hazard Scale Avalanche Classes Satellite Missions
£15.74
Dorling Kindersley Ltd Natural Wonders of the World
Book Synopsis
£24.00
Polity Press Mining Why it8217s essential for a sustainable
Book Synopsis
£14.39
Hodder & Stoughton Firmament: The Hidden Science of Weather, Climate
Book SynopsisCompelling . . . Clark's enthusiasm shines through on every page' Sunday Times'An engaging and lively history' Financial Times__________A thin, invisible layer of air surrounds the Earth, sustaining all known life on the planet and creating the unique climates and weather patterns that make each part of the world different.In Firmament, atmospheric scientist and science communicator Simon Clark offers a rare and accessible tour of the ins and outs of the atmosphere and how we know what we know about it. From the workings of its different layers to why carbon dioxide is special, from pioneers like Pascal to the unsung heroes working in the field to help us understand climate change, Firmament introduces us to an oft-overlooked area of science and not only lays the ground work for us to better understand the debates surrounding the climate today, but also provides a glimpse of the future that is possible with this knowledge in hand.__________Trade ReviewAn engaging account of something essential to life on Earth yet barely understood by most people: the atmosphere. If you don't know your stratosphere from your troposphere, you will after reading this lively history... all the more powerful thanks to a final chapter that explains how this complex system is changing, and what that means for the future of humanity. -- Financial TimesThe author's enthusiasm shines through every page of this captivating guide to our unpredictable weather... He serves up high drama in balloons, deep ice drilling in the Antarctic, and through it all draws out the patterns in our seemingly chaotic weather - and the science behind them - with clarity and verve. - Sunday Times Simon Clark writes with a lightness and enthusiasm that ensures that what goes on above us doesn't go over our heads. - Irish Independent
£10.44
Peter Lang AG, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Scripta Manent. Historia del Español,
Book Synopsis
£60.30
Columbia University Press Flight Ways
Book SynopsisTrade ReviewAn excellent book that deserves wide readership. -- Marc Bekoff, editor of Ignoring Nature No More: The Case For Compassionate Conservation I love this book. Thom van Dooren's thorough, detailed, and calmly passionate scholarship adds immensely to my understanding of caring, science, and justice, and conditions for recuperation that take multispecies flourishing seriously. He is a leader in learning to learn without the tools of human exceptionalism, attuned to the nuances and specificities of situated worlds, including human worlds-in-relation with other critters. -- Donna Haraway, author of When Species Meet In this wise and fascinating book, van Dooren takes us into the fleshy, biosocial, and ethical consequences of extinction. His lively stories of five bird species open worlds-both avian and human-of care, dedication, and the most ardent commitment. By developing a deeper understanding of species as intergenerational and interspecies achievements, van Dooren helps us rethink both loss and conservation. Flight Ways is a profoundly realized exploration of why extinction matters, and how we may respond. -- Deborah Bird Rose, author of Wild Dog Dreaming: Love and Extinction Haunting, beautiful, and important: Flight Ways is extraordinary. This is ethnographic storytelling at its very best, and it carries the environmental humanities to new heights. You will never look at a bird in the same way again. -- Anna Tsing, University of California, Santa Cruz Flight Ways recovers a way of responding ethically to extinction. van Dooren's scientifically-informed case studies of particular bird species facing extinction give the lie to the trope of "the last one" by framing stories of the "distinct unraveling of ways of life" that had evolved over millions of years and whose passings are unevenly experienced as tragedies. Informative, heartbreaking, and deeply inspiring, his book serves as a compelling model for how animal studies scholarship can move beyond false competitions of individuals and populations to engage with the real problems of sustaining life in multispecies communities. -- Susan McHugh, author of Animal Stories: Narrating across Species Lines and Dog A magnificent, sensitive, and marvelously intelligent book that tells stories of extinction while reinspiring us with life and curiosity. Every page teaches us something about other forms and ways of life, makes us think differently or more deeply than we have been in the habit of thinking, and helps us to do so in company with the beings of other species. Van Dooren teaches us that to care passionately can be a weapon of resistance against the forces of destruction. -- Vinciane Despret, University of Liege Thom van Dooren's book... blends philosophy with the natural sciences in his discussion of the cultural and ethical significance of modern-day extinctions. Birds are the focus of this lovely book and readers are treated to beautiful prose about what it means to the birds themselves and to us to lose these amazing beings. Psychology Today Masterful... [a] thought-provoking book and essential reading for those who seek to avert the sixth mass extinction. It makes the case, eloquently and convincingly, for greater attention to scientifically-informed narratives... Biological Conservation Engaging... CHOICE A novel, thought-provoking, and deeply moving analysis of species extinction from the perspective of five different bird species The Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory A very valuable book that makes an important (and affective) intervention in existing conceptual debates. SomatosphereTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction: Telling Lively Stories at the Edge of Extinction 1. Fledging Albatrosses: Flight Ways and Wasted Generations 2. Circling Vultures: Life and Death at the Dull Edge of Extinction 3. Urban Penguins: Stories for Lost Places 4. Breeding Cranes: The Violent-Care of Captive Life 5. Mourning Crows: Grief in a Shared World Epilogue: A Call for Stories Notes References Index
£18.00
Oxford University Press Disaster by Choice
Book SynopsisAn earthquake shatters Haiti and a hurricane slices through Texas. We hear that nature runs rampant, seeking to destroy us through these ''natural disasters''. Science recounts a different story, however: disasters are not the consequence of natural causes; they are the consequence of human choices and decisions. We put ourselves in harm''s way; we fail to take measures which we know would prevent disasters, no matter what the environment does.This can be both hard to accept, and hard to unravel. A complex of factors shape disasters. They arise from the political processes dictating where and what we build, and from social circumstances which create and perpetuate poverty and discrimination. They develop from the social preference to blame nature for the damage wrought, when in fact events such as earthquakes and storms are entirely commonplace environmental processes. We feel the need to fight natural forces, to reclaim what we assume is ours, and to protect ourselves from what we perTrade ReviewThe main message of this book is that disasters are not natural. Societies and humanity choose to create them. We can also, with insight, economic resources and political will, choose to prevent them ... I hope that this book is widely read and its message heeded. * Brent Wilson, The Geological Society *A choose-your-ending book for grown-ups facing a world full of real-life monsters. * Kendra Reed, AIPT Comics *Grimly informative. * Andrew Robinson, Nature *I hope that this book is widely read and its message heeded. * Brent Wilson, Geoscientist *Disaster by Choice demonstrates in a vivid and engaging way why big issues like the current climate crisis, where people are starting to accept that their actions can contribute to a collective result on a global scale, are just the tip of the iceberg. * Dominic Lenton, Engineering & Technology *[An] engaging book filled with rich examples and details of specific historical events Kelmans succinct and generally lucid account of the state of knowledge within the field, will likely be useful to a wide range of readers. * Journal of Disaster Risk Studies *You can tell that Kelman had a clear, well-defined vision for the book. The writing is concise and to the point, resulting in a quick read ... Disaster by Choice really brings the examples and recommendations down to our daily lives and practices to make them more impactful. * Scott Miles, Impact 360 *This is an excellent little book that crystallises ideas about the influence and impact of human actions on natural catastrophes into a thoughtful and informative narrative, concluding - and rightly so - that there is no such thing as a natural disaster. A must-read book. * Professor Bill McGuire, author of Waking the Giant *This perfectly crafted and well written book ... is long overdue, much needed and greatly welcomed. * James Lewis, Buildings & Cities *Table of ContentsPrelude: Disasters are not natural 1: An island shattered 2: Nature's hazards 3: The story of vulnerability 4: Vulnerability by choice 5: Making the choice 6: Making the change Endnotes Further reading
£9.97
Wiley-Blackwell Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology
Book Synopsis
£50.30
Taschen GmbH James Lovelock et al. The Earth and I
Book Synopsis“We are buried beneath mountains of fast-accumulating data. In such circumstances, this book, rather than adding to the data load, aims to offer real understanding.” —James LovelockHuman beings are extraordinary creatures. Intelligent, agile, and curious, we have adapted and invented our way to becoming the most important species on the planet. So great is the extent of our influence, that many speak of a new geological era, the Anthropocene, an age defined by human-induced change to the blue and green globe we call home.Our lofty status comes with responsibility as much as possibility: How should we approach our present and future? What knowledge should we carry with us? Conceived by James Lovelock (1919–2022), inventor of the Gaia theory, this illustrated essay collection brings together an all-star lineup of thinkers and scientists to offer essential understanding about who we are, how we live, and where we might be going.Much as the Gaia theory considers our Earth as an integrated whole of living systems, The Earth and I encourages holistic understanding. Across 12 chapters, we take in both the intricate details and immense structures of our species and our planet, from our ever-expanding universe to our minuscule but mighty cells. We see stellar explosions and the layers of life beneath our feet, delve into the neuroscience of decision-making, get to grips with our climate, and contemplate our increasing intimacy with technology.The book’s world-class contributors include quantum physicist Lisa Randall, Astronomer Royal Martin Rees, Pulitzer Prize–winning biologist Edward O. Wilson, and Nobel Prize–winning neuroscientist Eric Kandel. With lively illustrations from British artist Jack Hudson, the result is an inspiration for curious minds young and old, and a trusted tool kit for an informed and enlightened future.Trade Review“…a beautiful, handy explainer on the evolution of the planet.” * Wired.com *
£14.25
University of California Press Dirt
Book SynopsisDirt, soil, call it what you want - it's everywhere we go. It is the root of our existence, supporting our feet, our farms, and our cities. Offering a natural and cultural history of soil that sweeps from ancient civilizations to modern times, this book explores the idea that we are - and have long been - using up Earth's soil.Trade Review"Anyone interested in environmental issues should read this book... Entertains and stimulates thought." Times Higher Ed Sup (Thes) "Fascinating insights into what be our most precious natural resource and gives important pointers toward sustainable land management." Bioscience "How societies fare in the long run depends on how they treat their soils. Simple. Concise. You are your dirt." -- Carol Ekarius Hobby Farms "Sobering... A timely text that will no doubt stimulate the discussion of this issue, and its potential solutions, for years to come." Environment & History "Strengthen[s] appreciation for how important the soil is to our existence." Great Plains Research "This book is a thorough and enlightening treatment of the topic." The Perennial Bookworm "Sounds an ever timely and necessary clarion call." Vadose Zone JournalTable of ContentsPREFACE TO THE 20I2 EDITION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I GOOD OLD DIRT 2 SKIN OF THE EARTH 3 RIVERS OF LIFE 4 GRAVEYARD OF EMPIRES 5 LET THEM EAT COLONIES 6 WESTWARD HOE 7 DUST BLOW 8 DIRTY BUSINESS 9 ISLANDS IN TIME IO LIFE SPAN OF CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
£18.90
John Wiley & Sons Inc Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xiii About the Companion Website xv Part A Sedimentary Materials, Processes and Products 1 1 Introduction to Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 3 1.1 Overview 4 1.2 Sedimentology 5 1.3 Stratigraphy 6 1.4 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 7 Further Reading 8 2 Clastic Sediments: Gravel, Sand and Mud 9 2.1 Classification of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks 10 2.2 Gravel and Conglomerate 12 2.3 Sand and Sandstone 15 2.4 Clay, Silt and Mudrock 26 2.5 Textures and Analysis of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks 29 2.6 Clastic Sediments: Summary 34 Further Reading 34 3 Biogenic, Chemical and Volcanogenic Sediments 35 3.1 Limestone 36 3.2 Evaporite Minerals 44 3.3 Cherts 46 3.4 Sedimentary Phosphates 47 3.5 Sedimentary Ironstone 47 3.6 Carbonaceous (Organic) Deposits 49 3.7 Volcaniclastic Sedimentary Rocks 51 Further Reading 52 4 Processes of Transport and Sedimentary Structures 53 4.1 Transport Media 54 4.2 The Behaviour of Fluids and Particles in Fluids 55 4.3 Flows, Sediment and Bedforms 60 4.4 Waves 70 4.5 Sediment Gravity Flows 73 4.6 Mudcracks 77 4.7 Erosional Sedimentary Structures 78 4.8 Terminology for Sedimentary Structures and Beds 79 4.9 Sedimentary Structures and Sedimentary Environments 81 Further Reading 82 5 Field Sedimentology, Facies and Environments 83 5.1 Field Sedimentology 84 5.2 Graphic Sedimentary Logs 85 5.3 Palaeocurrents 91 5.4 Sampling Sedimentary Rocks 94 5.5 Description of Core 96 5.6 Interpreting Past Depositional Environments 97 5.7 Reconstructing Palaeoenvironments 101 5.8 Summary: Facies and Environments 105 Further Reading 105 Part B Continental Environments 107 6 Continental Environments and Sources of Sediment 109 6.1 From Source of Sediment to Formation of Strata 110 6.2 Tectonic Uplift 110 6.3 Global Climate 111 6.4 Weathering Processes 112 6.5 Erosion and Transport 115 6.6 Denudation and Landscape Evolution 118 6.7 Continental Environments of Deposition 124 Further Reading 126 7 Glacial Environments 127 7.1 Distribution of Glacial Environments 128 7.2 Glacial Ice 129 7.3 Continental Glacial Environments 131 7.4 Continental Glacial Deposition 136 7.5 Marine Glacial Environments 138 7.6 Glacial Deposits in the Stratigraphic Record 140 7.7 Glacial Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 141 Further Reading 142 8 Aeolian Environments 143 8.1 Aeolian Transport 144 8.2 Characteristics of Wind- blown Particles 145 8.3 Desert Environments 146 8.4 Aeolian Bedforms 148 8.5 Stratigraphic Record of Aeolian Deposits 152 8.6 Aeolian Deposits Outside Deserts 155 8.7 Summary 157 Further Reading 158 9 Rivers and Alluvial Fans 159 9.1 Fluvial and Alluvial Systems 160 9.2 River Channels 162 9.3 Floodplain Deposition 170 9.4 Alluvial Fans 171 9.5 Fossils in Fluvial and Alluvial Environments 175 9.6 Soils and Palaeosols 176 9.7 Fluvial and Alluvial Stratigraphy 179 Further Reading 184 10 Lakes 185 10.1 Lakes and Lacustrine Environments 186 10.2 Freshwater Lakes 187 10.3 Freshwater Lake Clastic Deposits 190 10.4 Saline Lakes 193 10.5 Ephemeral Lakes 194 10.6 Lacustrine Carbonates 197 10.7 Lacustrine Stratigraphy 198 10.8 Recognition of Lacustrine Facies in the Stratigraphic Record 199 Further Reading 200 11 Volcanic Rocks and Sediments 201 11.1 Volcanic Rocks and Sediment 202 11.2 Transport and Deposition of Volcaniclastic Material 205 11.3 Eruption Styles 209 11.4 Facies Associations in Volcanic Successions 210 11.5 Volcanic Material in Other Environments 213 11.6 Volcanic Rocks in Earth History 214 Further Reading 215 Part C Marine Environments 217 12 The Marine Realm: Morphology and Processes 219 12.1 Oceans and Seas 220 12.2 Oceanic Currents 222 12.3 Wave and Storm Processes 222 12.4 Tides 223 12.5 Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentation in Oceans 228 12.6 Marine Fossils 230 12.7 Trace Fossils 231 Further Reading 235 13 Deltas 237 13.1 Modern Deltas 238 13.2 Variations in Delta Morphology 241 13.3 Syndepositional Deformation in Deltas 249 13.4 Deltaic Successions 249 13.5 Deltaic Cycles and Stratigraphy 254 13.6 Fossils in Deltaic Deposits 255 13.7 Recognition of Deltaic Deposits 255 Further Reading 256 14 Clastic Coasts and Estuaries 259 14.1 Coasts 260 14.2 Beaches 261 14.3 Wave- dominated Coastlines 265 14.4 Tidally Influenced Coastal Systems 269 14.5 Estuaries 271 14.6 Fossils in Coastal and Estuarine Environments 275 14.7 Recognition of Coastal and Estuarine Systems 276 Further Reading 277 15 Shallow Sandy Seas 279 15.1 Shallow Marine Environments 280 15.2 Storm and Wave- dominated Shallow Clastic Seas 282 15.3 Tide- dominated Clastic Shallow Seas 286 15.4 Responses to Change in Sea Level 290 15.5 Fossils in Sandy Shelf Successions 291 15.6 Criteria for the Recognition of Sandy Shallow Marine Sediments 292 Further Reading 293 16 Shallow Marine Carbonate and Evaporite Environments 295 16.1 Carbonate and Evaporite Depositional Environments 296 16.2 Coastal Carbonate and Evaporite Environments 299 16.3 Shallow Marine Carbonate Deposits 303 16.4 Carbonate Platform Facies and Successions 309 16.5 Marine Evaporites 314 16.6 Mixed Carbonate- clastic Environments 317 16.7 Recognition of Shallow Marine Carbonate and Evaporite Facies 318 Further Reading 319 17 Deep Marine Environments 321 17.1 The Deep Seas 322 17.2 Sediment Gravity Flow Processes in Deep Seas 323 17.3 Submarine Fans 325 17.4 Ancient Submarine Fan Systems 328 17.5 Slope Aprons 332 17.6 Ocean Current and Pelagic Sedimentation 333 17.7 Chemogenic Sediments 337 17.8 Fossils in Deep Ocean Sediments 337 Further Reading 339 Part D Post-depositional Processes 341 18 Soft Sediment Deformation 343 18.1 Deformation After Deposition 344 18.2 Large- scale Post- depositional Features 350 Further Reading 353 19 Diagenesis 355 19.1 Diagenetic Processes 356 19.2 Clastic Diagenesis 363 19.3 Carbonate Diagenesis 366 19.4 Diagenesis of Volcaniclastic Sediments 369 19.5 Formation of Coal, Oil and Gas 370 Further Reading 375 Part E Stratigraphy 377 20 Stratigraphy: Concepts and Lithostratigraphy 379 20.1 Geologic Time 380 20.2 Stratigraphic Units 385 20.3 Lithostratigraphy 385 20.4 Applications of Lithostratigraphy 391 Further Reading 394 21 Biostratigraphy 395 21.1 Fossils in Sedimentology and Stratigraphy 396 21.2 Classification of Organisms 397 21.3 Evolutionary Trends 398 21.4 Biozones and Zone Fossils 400 21.5 Taxa Used in Biostratigraphy 404 21.6 Applied Biostratigraphy 408 21.7 Biostratigraphy and Other Stratigraphic Techniques 409 Further Reading 410 22 Dating and Correlation Techniques 411 22.1 Techniques for Dating and Correlation 412 22.2 Radiometric dating 412 22.3 Magnetostrati graphy 416 22.4 Chemostrati graphy 418 22.5 Dating in the Quaternary 421 Further Reading 423 23 Subsurface Stratigraphy and Sedimentology 425 23.1 Introduction to Subsurface Stratigraphy and Sedimentology 426 23.2 Seismic Reflection Data 426 23.3 Borehole Stratigraphy and Sedimentology 432 23.4 Petrophysical Logging 435 23.5 Subsurface Facies and Basin Analysis 440 Further Reading 441 24 Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Changes 443 24.1 Sea- level Changes and Sedimentation 444 24.2 Depositional Sequences and Systems Tracts 452 24.3 Parasequences: Components of Systems Tracts 457 24.4 Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy 461 24.5 Applications of Sequence Stratigraphy 463 24.6 Causes of Sea Level Fluctuations 467 24.7 Sequence Stratigraphy: Summary 473 Further Reading 474 25 Sedimentary Basins 475 25.1 Controls on Sediment Accumulation 476 25.2 Basins Related to Lithospheric Extension 478 25.3 Basins Related to Subduction 484 25.4 Basins Related to Crustal Loading 486 25.5 Basins Related to Strike- slip Tectonics 489 25.6 Complex and Hybrid Basins 490 25.7 The Record of Tectonics in Stratigraphy 490 25.8 Sedimentary Basin Analysis 492 25.9 Integrating Sedimentology and Stratigraphy: the History of the Earth’s Surface 495 Further Reading 496 References 497 Index 511
£43.31
Adams Media Corporation Rockhounding for Beginners: Your Comprehensive
Book SynopsisGo on an outdoor treasure hunt and enjoy all nature has to offer with this field guide to rockhounding, perfect for armchair geologists or anyone headed out on an adventure!Geology meets treasure hunting with this field guide to rockhounding! If you’ve ever kept an interesting rock or shell, bought a polished stone from a gift shop, or even just enjoyed a ’gram of a really cool crystal, congratulations! You’ve already experienced a rockhounding adventure! Rockhouding for Beginners shows you how to take your rockhounding to the next level, providing everything you need to know from tips for finding local sources for really cool finds to techniques for safely cleaning, cutting, polishing, and caring for the best samples. Complete with full-color photos to help you identify each rock and mineral wherever you find them, this guide has all the rockhounding information you need whether you’re ready to get down and dirty or simply want to learn more from the comfort of your couch.
£11.69
The University of Chicago Press Surroundings
Book Synopsis
£27.85
Dorling Kindersley Ltd Breaking Boundaries The Science of Our Planet
Book SynopsisOn the brink of a critical moment in human history, this book presents a vision of planetary stewardship - a rethinking of our relationship with our planet - and plots a new course for our future. The authors, whose work is the subject of a new Netflix documentary released in summer 2021 and narrated by Sir David Attenborough, reveal the full scale of the planetary emergency we face - but also how we can stabilise Earth''s life support system. The necessary change is within our power if we act now. In 2009, scientists identified nine planetary boundaries that keep Earth stable, ranging from biodiversity to ozone. Beyond these boundaries lurk tipping points. To stop short of these tipping points, the 2020s must see the fastest economic transition in history. This book demonstrates how societies are reaching positive tipping points that make this transition possible: Activism groups such as Extinction Rebellion, or the schoolchildren inspi
£11.69
John Wiley & Sons Inc Sedimentary Petrology
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to Fourth Edition xiv Preface to the Third Edition xv Biographies xvi 1 Introduction: Basic Concepts and Approach 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Basic Concepts 1 1.2.1 Classification of Sedimentary Rocks 1 1.2.2 Sedimentary Environments and Facies 2 1.2.2.1 Facies 2 1.2.2.2 Facies Models 2 1.2.3 Controls on Deposition: Tectonics, Climate and Sea Level 3 1.2.3.1 Climate 4 1.2.3.2 Sea Level 4 1.2.4 Stratigraphic Practice 5 1.2.5 Sequence Stratigraphy 7 1.2.5.1 Introduction 7 1.2.5.2 Accommodation and Sedimentation Rates 7 1.2.5.3 Scale and Order 8 1.2.5.4 Stratigraphic Sequences, Key Surfaces, Systems Tracts 8 1.2.5.5 Metre-Scale Cycles, High-Frequency Sequences, Parasequences 11 1.2.6 Diagenesis 13 1.3 Methodology 13 1.3.1 In the Field 13 1.3.2 In the Laboratory 15 1.3.3 The Sedimentological Literature 17 Further Reading 18 2 Siliciclastic Sediments I: Sandstones, Conglomerates and Breccias 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Sediment Texture 19 2.2.1 Grain Size and Grain-size Parameters 21 2.2.1.1 Interpretation and Use of Grain-size Analyses 26 2.2.2 Grain Morphology 27 2.2.3 Grain-surface Texture 28 2.2.4 Grain Fabric 29 2.2.5 Textural Maturity 30 2.3 Sedimentary Structures 31 2.3.1 Erosional Sedimentary Structures 31 2.3.2 Depositional Sedimentary Structures 34 2.3.2.1 Sediment Transport and Aqueous Flows 34 Contents 0005399227.INDD 7 12-29-2022 11:54:51 viii Contents 2.3.2.2 Bedding and Lamination 39 2.3.2.3 Current Ripples, Dunes and Cross-Stratification 40 2.3.2.4 Flaser and Lenticular Bedding 44 2.3.2.5 Antidunes and Antidune Bedding 45 2.3.2.6 Wave-formed Ripples and Cross-Lamination 45 2.3.2.7 Hummocky Cross-Stratification (HCS) 46 2.3.2.8 Wind Ripples, Dunes, Draas and Aeolian Cross-bedding 47 2.3.2.9 Graded Bedding 50 2.3.2.10 Mudcracks: Desiccation and Syneresis 51 2.3.3 Post-depositional Sedimentary Structures 52 2.3.4 Biogenic Sedimentary Structures 56 2.4 Palaeocurrent Analysis 60 2.4.1 Palaeocurrent Indicators 61 2.5 Detrital Components of Siliciclastic Sediments 63 2.5.1 Rock Fragments 64 2.5.2 Quartz 65 2.5.3 Feldspars 67 2.5.4 Micas 69 2.5.5 Clay Minerals 69 2.5.6 Heavy Minerals 70 2.5.7 Other Detrital Components 71 2.5.8 Compositional Maturity 71 2.6 Classification of Siliciclastic Sediments 72 2.6.1 Classification of Sandstones 72 2.6.2 Conglomerates and Breccias 75 2.6.2.1 Composition and Textures of Conglomerates 75 2.7 Petrography and Origin of Principal Sandstone Types 77 2.7.1 Quartz Arenites 77 2.7.2 Arkoses 79 2.7.3 Litharenites 79 2.7.4 Greywackes 79 2.8 Sandstone Composition, Provenance and Tectonic Setting 82 2.9 Sandstone Diagenesis 84 2.9.1 Compaction and Pressure Dissolution 86 2.9.2 Silica Cementation 88 2.9.3 Carbonate Cementation 91 2.9.4 Feldspar Authigenesis 93 2.9.5 Clay-mineral Authigenesis 93 2.9.6 Hematite Cementation and Pigmentation: Red Beds 97 2.9.7 Diagenetic Environments and Sequences 98 2.9.8 Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy 102 2.9.9 CO2 Sequestration into Sandstone Reservoirs 104 2.10 Porosity and Permeability 104 2.11 Sediment Routing Systems 108 2.12 Depositional Environments of Sandstones and Coarser Clastics 110 2.12.1 Fluvial Systems and Facies 110 2.12.1.1 Alluvial Fan Facies 111 2.12.1.2 Meandering-stream Facies 117 2.12.1.3 Anastomosing-stream Facies 119 2.12.2 Desert Environments and Aeolian Sand Facies 121 2.12.3 Lacustrine Environments and Sandy Facies 122 2.12.4 Deltaic Environments and Facies 124 0005399227.INDD 8 12-29-2022 11:54:51 Contents ix 2.12.4.1 River-dominated Deltas 127 2.12.4.2 Wave-dominated Deltas 128 2.12.4.3 Tide-dominated Deltas 129 2.12.4.4 Ancient Deltas 130 2.12.4.5 Fan Deltas 130 2.12.5 Marine Shoreline Environments and Facies 131 2.12.5.1 Beach-barrier Island and Strandplain Systems 131 2.12.5.2 Tidal Flats 135 2.12.5.3 Estuaries and Incised Valleys 135 2.12.6 Shallow-marine Shelves, Epeiric Seas and Their Facies 136 2.12.6.1 Tidal Bedforms and Sand Sheets 136 2.12.6.2 Tidal Sand Banks 138 2.12.6.3 Non-tidal Offshore Sand Bodies 138 2.12.7 Continental Margins and Deep-water Basins 139 2.12.8 Glacial Environments 146 2.13 Facies Sequences, Controls and Sequence Stratigraphy 148 2.13.1 Facies Sequences and Controls 148 2.13.2 Sequence Stratigraphy 149 References 151 Further Reading 164 3 Siliciclastic Sediments II: Mudrocks 166 3.1 Introduction 166 3.2 Textures and Structures of Mudrocks 166 3.2.1 Nodules and Concretions 169 3.3 The Colour of Mudrocks 173 3.4 Mineral Constituents of Mudrocks 173 3.4.1 Clay Minerals 174 3.4.2 Quartz 177 3.4.3 Organic Matter 177 3.4.4 Other Constituents 177 3.5 The Formation and Distribution of Clay Minerals in Modern Sediments 179 3.6 Diagenesis of Clay Minerals and Mudrocks 181 3.6.1 Early (Shallow) Diagenesis 181 3.6.2 Burial (Deeper) Diagenesis 184 3.7 Mudrocks and Their Depositional Environments 186 3.7.1 Residual Mudrocks and Soils 187 3.7.2 Detrital Mudrocks 189 3.7.2.1 Non-marine Mudrocks 189 3.7.2.2 Marine Mudrocks 190 3.7.2.3 Organic-rich Mudrocks and Black Shales 192 3.7.2.4 Shale Gas 193 3.7.2.5 Mud Diapirism and Mud Volcanoes 194 3.7.2.6 Loess and Loessite 195 3.7.3 Mudrocks of Volcaniclastic Origin 197 3.7.4 Temporal (and Spatial) Variations in Mudrock Sequences 197 References 198 Further Reading 203 4 Carbonate Sediments: Limestones and Dolomites 204 4.1 Introduction 204 4.2 Techniques for the Study of Carbonate Sediments 205 0005399227.INDD 9 12-29-2022 11:54:52 x Contents 4.2.1 In the Field 205 4.2.2 The Petrographic Study of Carbonates 205 4.2.3 Isotopes and Trace Elements 207 4.3 Mineralogy of Carbonate Sediments 209 4.4 Carbonate Production and Factories 210 4.4.1 Carbonate Factories 211 4.4.2 Controls on Carbonate Production and Deposition 212 4.5 Components of Carbonate Rocks 214 4.5.1 Non-skeletal Grains 214 4.5.1.1 Ooids and Pisoids 214 4.5.1.2 Ancient Marine Ooids 217 4.5.1.3 Origin of Ooids and Seawater Chemistry Through Time 217 4.5.1.4 Peloids 219 4.5.1.5 Aggregates and Intraclasts 220 4.5.2 Skeletal Components (excluding Algae and Microbes) 220 4.5.2.1 Mollusca 221 4.5.2.2 Brachiopods 224 4.5.2.3 Cnidaria (especially Corals) 225 4.5.2.4 Echinodermata 226 4.5.2.5 Bryozoa 226 4.5.2.6 Foraminifera 227 4.5.2.7 Other Carbonate-forming Organisms 228 4.5.3 The Contribution of Microbes to Carbonates 230 4.5.3.1 Rhodophyta (Red Algae) 230 4.5.3.2 Chlorophyta (Green Algae) 231 4.5.3.3 Chrysophyta (Yellow-green Algae, Coccoliths) 232 4.5.3.4 Calcified Cyanobacteria and Algae (Calcimicrobes) 232 4.5.3.5 Micrite Envelopes and Microbial Micritisation 233 4.5.3.6 Microbialites: Stromatolites, Thrombolites and Oncoids 233 4.5.4 Lime Mud and Micrite 238 4.6 Classification of Limestones 239 4.6.1 Classification Schemes 239 4.6.2 Carbonate Microfacies and Standard Microfacies Types (SMF) 241 4.7 Limestone Grain Size and Texture 243 4.8 Sedimentary Structures of Limestones 244 4.8.1 Bedding Planes, Hardgrounds, Tepees and Palaeokarstic Surfaces 244 4.8.2 Current and Wave Structures 247 4.8.3 Cavity Structures 248 4.9 Carbonate Diagenesis 251 4.9.1 Marine Diagenesis 252 4.9.1.1 Marine Diagenesis in Recent Carbonate Sediments 252 4.9.1.2 Marine Diagenesis in Ancient Limestones 256 4.9.1.3 Discussion of Marine Cements 259 4.9.2 Meteoric Diagenesis 260 4.9.2.1 Ancient Meteoric Calcite Cements 262 4.9.3 Calcite Spar: A Meteoric and Burial Cement 263 4.9.3.1 Origin of Calcite Spar 264 4.9.4 Neomorphism (Recrystallisation) 264 4.9.4.1 Microspar–pseudospar; Aggrading Neomorphism 265 4.9.4.2 Calcitisation of Aragonite Grains and Cements 266 4.9.4.3 Degrading Neomorphism 266 4.9.5 Modelling Limestone Diagenesis 266 0005399227.INDD 10 12-29-2022 11:54:52 Contents xi 4.9.6 Compaction 266 4.9.6.1 Differential Compaction 268 4.10 Dolomitisation and Dedolomitisation 269 4.10.1 Dolomites: Nature and Occurrence 269 4.10.2 Origin of Dolomites and Dolomitisation Models 274 4.10.2.1 Modern Dolomites 274 4.10.2.2 Ancient Dolomites 275 4.10.2.3 Seawater Dolomitisation 276 4.10.2.4 Burial Dolomitisation and Hydrothermal Dolomite (HTD) 277 4.10.3 Modelling Dolomitisation 278 4.10.4 Dedolomitisation (Calcitisation of Dolomite) 279 4.11 Silicification of Limestones 281 4.12 Porosity in Carbonate Sediments 281 4.12.1 Carbonate Paragenesis and Burial History Plots 283 4.13 Carbonate Depositional Environments and Facies 283 4.13.1 Non-marine Carbonate Sediments 283 4.13.1.1 Lacustrine Limestones 284 4.13.1.2 Pedogenic Carbonates: Calcrete and Dolocrete 286 4.13.1.3 Spring Carbonates: Tufa and Travertine 289 4.13.2 Marine Carbonates and Carbonate Platforms 291 4.13.3 Shelf and Ramp Systems: Facies Belts and Standard Microfacies 293 4.13.4 Intertidal–supratidal Carbonates 293 4.13.5 Lagoonal Limestones 294 4.13.6 Intertidal–subtidal Carbonate Sand Bodies and Storm Deposits 295 4.13.7 Offshore Shelf-ramp Carbonates: Storm Deposits, Internalites, Limestone-Mud/ Marl Alternations (Ribbon Rocks) 297 4.13.7.1 Storm Beds and Banks 297 4.13.8 Reefs and Carbonate Buildups 298 4.13.8.1 Reefs as Hydrocarbon Reservoirs 301 4.13.9 Pelagic Limestones 301 4.13.10 Resedimented Deeper-water Limestones 303 4.14 Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy and Forward Modelling 306 4.14.1 Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate Shelves 306 4.14.2 Sequence Stratigraphy of Carbonate Ramps 308 4.14.3 Sequence Stratigraphy of Mixed Siliciclastic–Carbonate Successions 309 4.14.4 Metre-scale Cycles (Parasequences) and their Stacking Patterns 309 4.14.5 Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy 311 4.14.6 Modelling Carbonate Stratigraphy, Sequences and Cycles 311 References 312 Further Reading 325 Websites 325 5 Evaporites 326 5.1 Introduction 326 5.1.1 Techniques for Studying Evaporites 326 5.1.2 Early Geochemical Work 326 5.2 Evaporite Deposits and Depositional Environments 328 5.3 Gypsum and Anhydrite 331 5.3.1 Sabkha Sulphate and Nodular Anhydrite 332 5.3.2 Bottom-growth Gypsum 332 5.3.3 Laminated Gypsum/Anhydrite 333 5.3.4 Resedimented Gypsum-Anhydrite 336 0005399227.INDD 11 12-29-2022 11:54:52 xii Contents 5.3.5 Secondary and Fibrous Gypsum 336 5.3.6 Burial Anhydrite 337 5.4 Halite 337 5.5 Other Evaporite Minerals and Their Occurrence 341 5.5.1 Potassium and Magnesium Salts 341 5.5.2 Lacustrine Evaporites 342 5.6 Evaporite Dissolution and Replacement 343 5.7 Evaporite Sequences and Discussion 345 5.8 Evaporites Through Time 349 5.9 Evaporites, Diapirism, Deformation and Decollement 350 References 350 Further Reading 353 6 Sedimentary Ironstones and Iron Formations 354 6.1 Introduction 354 6.1.1 Techniques for the Study of Ironstones and Iron Formations 354 6.2 Source and Transportation of Iron 355 6.3 Formation of the Principal Iron Minerals 356 6.4 Occurrence and Petrography of Iron Minerals 359 6.4.1 Iron Oxides 359 6.4.2 Iron Carbonates 360 6.4.3 Iron Sulphides 361 6.4.4 Iron Silicates 361 6.5 Precambrian Iron Formations and Phanerozoic Ironstones 364 6.5.1 Precambrian Iron Formations 365 6.5.2 Phanerozoic Ironstones 368 6.6 Bog Iron Ores 370 6.7 Ferromanganese Nodules and Crusts, and Metalliferous Sediments 370 References 372 Further Reading 374 7 Sedimentary Phosphate Deposits 375 7.1 Introduction 375 7.1.1 Techniques for Studying Phosphorites 375 7.2 Mineralogy 375 7.3 Nodular and Bedded Phosphorites 376 7.3.1 Recent–Subrecent Occurrences 376 7.3.2 Origin of Marine Phosphorites 376 7.3.3 Ancient Phosphorite Sequences 379 7.4 Bioclastic and Pebble-Bed Phosphorites 381 7.5 Guano and Ocean-Island Phosphorites 382 References 382 Further Reading 383 8 Coal and Petroleum 384 8.1 Introduction 384 8.2 Modern Organic Deposits 384 8.3 Ancient Organic Deposits 385 8.4 Coals and the Coal Series 386 8.4.1 Humic Coals 388 8.4.2 Sapropelic Coals 388 8.5 Coal Petrology 388 8.5.1 Organic Constituents 388 8.5.2 Inorganic Constituents 390 8.5.3 Gas in Coal 391 8.5.4 Coal Balls 391 8.6 Coal Formation and Rank 391 8.6.1 Chemical Considerations 391 8.6.2 Rank, Depth and Temperature 392 8.7 Occurrence of Coal 392 8.8 Formation of Kerogen 394 8.9 Petroleum 395 8.9.1 Composition and Occurrence 395 8.9.2 Formation of Petroleum 397 References 399 Further Reading 400 9 Cherts and Siliceous Sediments 401 9.1 Introduction 401 9.1.1 Techniques for Studying Chert 401 9.2 Chert Petrology 402 9.3 Bedded Chert 404 9.3.1 Siliceous Ooze and Bedded Chert 404 9.3.1.1 Modern and Phanerozoic 404 9.3.1.2 Precambrian Cherts 406 9.3.2 The Origin of Chert 407 9.4 Nodular Chert 410 9.5 Non- Marine Siliceous Sediment and Chert 413 References 415 Further Reading 417 Index 418
£38.90
John Wiley & Sons Inc Aerosol Technology
Book SynopsisAEROSOL TECHNOLOGY An in-depth and accessible treatment of aerosol theory and its applications The Third Edition of Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles delivers a thorough and authoritative exploration of modern aerosol theory and its applications. The book offers readers a working knowledge of the topic that reflects the numerous advances that have been made across a broad spectrum of aerosol-related application areas. New updates to the popular text include treatments of nanoparticles, the health effects of atmospheric aerosols, remote sensing, bioaerosols, and low-cost sensors. Additionally, readers will benefit from insightful new discussions of modern instruments. The authors maintain a strong focus on the fundamentals of the discipline, while providing a robust overview of real-world applications of aerosol theory. New exercise problems and examples populate the book, which also includes:Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the Third Edition xv List of Principal Symbols xvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definitions 2 1.2 Particle Size, Shape, and Density 5 1.3 Aerosol Concentration 8 Problems 11 References 12 2 Properties of Gases 15 2.1 Kinetic Theory of Gases 15 2.2 Molecular Velocity 18 2.3 Mean Free Path 20 2.4 Other Properties 21 2.5 Reynolds Number 24 2.6 Measurement of Velocity, Flow Rate, and Pressure 27 Problems 35 References 36 3 Uniform Particle Motion 37 3.1 Newton’s Resistance Law 37 3.2 Stokes’s Law 39 3.3 Settling Velocity and Mechanical Mobility 40 3.4 Slip Correction Factor 42 3.5 Nonspherical Particles 44 3.6 Aerodynamic Diameter 46 3.7 Settling at High Reynolds Numbers 47 3.8 Stirred Settling 54 3.9 Instruments that Rely on Settling Velocity 56 3.10 Appendix: Derivation of Stokes’s Law 58 Problems 60 References 63 4 Particle Size Statistics 65 4.1 Properties of Size Distributions 65 4.2 Moment Averages 71 4.3 Moment Distributions 72 4.4 The Lognormal Distribution 77 4.5 Log-Probability Graphs 80 4.6 The Hatch-Choate Conversion Equations 84 4.7 Statistical Accuracy 88 4.8 Appendix 1: Distributions Applied to Particle Size 89 4.9 Appendix 2: Theoretical Basis for Aerosol Particle Size Distributions 90 4.10 Appendix 3: Derivation of the Hatch-Choate Equations 90 Problems 92 References 94 5 Straight-Line Acceleration and Curvilinear Particle Motion 97 5.1 Relaxation Time 97 5.2 Straight-Line Particle Acceleration 98 5.3 Stopping Distance 101 5.4 Curvilinear Motion and Stokes Number 104 5.5 Inertial Impaction 105 5.6 Cascade Impactors 110 5.7 Virtual Impactors 115 5.8 Time-of-Flight Instruments 117 Problems 119 References 120 6 Adhesion of Particles 121 6.1 Adhesive Forces 121 6.2 Detachment of Particles 123 6.3 Resuspension 124 6.4 Particle Bounce 126 Problems 127 References 127 7 Brownian Motion and Diffusion 129 7.1 Diffusion Coefficient 129 7.2 Particle Mean Free Path 132 7.3 Brownian Displacement 134 7.4 Deposition by Diffusion 137 7.5 Diffusion Batteries 141 Problems 144 References 145 8 Thermal and Radiometric Forces 147 8.1 Thermophoresis 147 8.2 Thermal Precipitators 151 8.3 Radiometric and Concentration Gradient Forces 153 Problems 155 References 155 9 Filtration 157 9.1 Macroscopic Properties of Filters 157 9.2 Single-Fiber Efficiency 163 9.3 Deposition Mechanisms 165 9.4 Filter Efficiency 169 9.5 Pressure Drop 174 9.6 Membrane Filters 174 Problems 176 References 176 10 Sampling and Measurement of Concentration 179 10.1 Isokinetic Sampling 179 10.2 Sampling from Still Air 185 10.3 Transport Losses 188 10.4 Measurement of Mass Concentration 189 10.5 Direct-Reading Instruments 192 10.6 Measurement of Number Concentration 195 10.7 Sampling Pumps 197 Problems 199 References 200 11 Respiratory Deposition 203 11.1 The Respiratory System 203 11.2 Deposition 206 11.3 Deposition Models 210 11.4 Inhalability of Particles 213 11.5 Respirable and Other Size-Selective Sampling 215 Problems 223 References 224 12 Coagulation 227 12.1 Simple Monodisperse Coagulation 227 12.2 Polydisperse Coagulation 233 12.3 Kinematic Coagulation 238 Problems 240 References 241 13 Condensation and Evaporation 243 13.1 Definitions 243 13.2 Kelvin Effect 246 13.3 Homogeneous Nucleation 247 13.4 Growth by Condensation 248 13.5 Nucleated Condensation 251 13.6 Condensation Particle Counters 255 13.7 Evaporation 257 Problems 261 References 263 14 Atmospheric Aerosols 265 14.1 Natural Background Aerosol 265 14.2 Urban Aerosol 269 14.3 Global Effects 274 Problems 275 References 275 15 Electrical Properties 277 15.1 Units 277 15.2 Electric Fields 278 15.3 Electrical Mobility 280 15.4 Charging Mechanisms 283 15.5 Corona Discharge 289 15.6 Charge Limits 291 15.7 Equilibrium Charge Distribution 292 15.8 Electrostatic Precipitators 294 15.9 Electrical Measurement of Aerosols 297 Problems 301 References 302 16 Optical Properties 305 16.1 Definitions 306 16.2 Extinction 307 16.3 Scattering 313 16.4 Visibility 317 16.5 Optical Measurement of Aerosols 322 Problems 329 References 330 17 Bulk Motion of Aerosols 333 Problems 338 References 338 18 Dust Explosions 339 Problems 344 References 344 19 Bioaerosols 345 19.1 Characteristics 345 19.2 Sampling 347 Problems 350 References 351 20 Microscopic Measurement of Particle Size 353 20.1 Equivalent Sizes of Irregular Particles 353 20.2 Fractal Dimension of Particles 358 20.3 Optical Microscopy 362 20.4 Electron Microscopy 365 20.5 Asbestos Counting 369 20.6 Automatic Sizing Methods 371 Problems 371 References 372 21 Production of Test Aerosols 375 21.1 Atomization of Liquids 375 21.2 Atomization of Monodisperse Particles in Liquid Suspensions 380 21.3 Dispersion of Powders 382 21.4 Condensation Methods 387 Problems 388 References 389 Appendices 391 Appendix A1. Useful Constants and Conversion Factors 391 Appendix A2. Some Basic Physical Laws 393 Appendix A3. Relative Density of Common Aerosol Materials (Multiply Values by 1000 for Density in kg/m 3 and by 1.0 for Density in g/cm 3) 394 Appendix A4. Standard Sieve Sizes 394 Appendix A5. Properties of Gases and Vapors at 293 K [20 ∘ C] and 101 kPa [1 atm] 395 Appendix A6. Viscosity and Density of Air versus Temperature 395 Appendix A7. Pressure (a), Temperature (b), Density (c), and Mean Free Path (d) of air versus altitude 396 Appendix A8. Properties of Water Vapor 397 Appendix A9. Properties of Water 398 Appendix A10. Particle Size Range of Aerosol Properties and Measurement Instruments: (a) Application Range for Aerosol Size Measuring Instruments and (b) Size Range of Aerosol Properties (See Also Fig. 1.6) 398 Appendix A11. (a) Properties of Airborne Particles at Standard Conditions (SI Units) 400 Appendix A12. Slip Correction Factor for Standard and Nonstandard Conditions: (a) Slip Correction Factor Minus One versus Particle Diameter and Standard Conditions; (b) Slip Correction Factor versus Particle Diameter Times Pressure (per atm) for Temperatures from 233 to 893K [–40 to 600 ∘ C] 402 Appendix A13. Properties of Selected Low-Vapor-Pressure Liquids 403 Appendix A14. Reference Values for Atmospheric Properties at Sea Level and 293.15 Ki20 ∘ C] 404 Appendix A15. Greek Symbols Used in This Book 405 Appendix A16. SI Prefixes 405 References 405 Index 407
£105.26
Orion Publishing Co Volcanoes
Book SynopsisUnearth the fascinating fundamentals of volcanoes...In ten short and informative essays, leading volcanologist Dr Rebecca Williams reveals everything you need to know about volcanoes. From the deadliest eruptions of all time and how to survive a volcanic eruption to why a volcano won''t erupt in your back garden and volcanoes in outer space, discover all of this and much, much more!Volcanoes: 10 Things You Should Know is an illuminating and engaging guide to exploring the most exciting natural phenomena on planet earth.
£11.69
Headline Publishing Group The Water Book
Book SynopsisA biography of the strangest molecule in the universe. Alok Jha takes the most every day of subjects - water - and explodes it into a story that takes us from the Big Bang to the latest developments of modern scienceTrade ReviewIt delights again and again because, as in all the best science writing, the tale is stranger and more curious than one could ever imagine - GuardianOne of the brightest young science writers around . . . He belongs to a select band of science communicators, and knows his science at a deep level and can put it across. - The Independent
£10.44
Hodder & Stoughton Dust
Book Synopsis''Superb'' Telegraph''Marvellous'' New York Review of Books ''Brilliant'' Sunday Times''Eye-opening . . . impressive'' Guardian''Powerful'' Nature __________Dust may seem inconsequential, so tiny and mundane as to slip below the threshold of thought. Yet within the next one hundred years, life on Earth will be profoundly changed by heat and drought - and that means dust. In this ground-breaking book, Jay Owens shows how the modern world is made through both the creation and expulsion of dust. From particle air pollution and burning fossil fuels to land degradation, desertification and nuclear fallout, we find out the immense challenges confronting people and the planet.With clarity and insight, Dust: The Modern World in a Trillion Particles helps us understand our legacy and discovers the biggest ideas can be found in the smallest particles.__________<
£11.69
Quercus Publishing The Secret Lives of the Elements
Book Synopsis'A delightful and engaging treasure trove of a book that brings the chemical elements to life and gives them personalities of their own. A wonderful read for young and old alike to get you inspired by chemistry.' Jim Al-Khalili 'The perfect book to escape our human-sized existence and take a tour of the atomic world instead.' Helen Arney, science comedian and broadcasterWhen we think of the periodic table we picture orderly rows of elements that conform to type and never break the rules. In this book Kathryn Harkup reveals that there are personalities, passions, quirks and historical oddities behind those ordered rows, and shows us that the periodic table is a sprawling family tree with its own black sheep, wayward cousins and odd uncles. The elements in the periodic table, like us, are an extended family - some old, some newborn, some shy and reticent, some exuberant or unreliable. Dr Harkup tells the weird and wonderful stories of just fifty two members of this family - remarkable tales of discovery, inspiration and revolution, from the everyday to the extraordinary. Some elements are relatively anonymous; others, already familiar, are seen in a new light; and old friends have surprising secrets to share. From our green-fingered friend magnesium to the devil incarnate polonium, this eclectic collection of engaging and informative stories will change the way you see the periodic table for ever.Trade Review'A delightful and engaging treasure trove of a book that brings the chemical elements to life and gives them personalities of their own. A wonderful read for young and old alike to get you inspired by chemistry.' -- Jim Al-Khalili'The perfect book to escape our human-sized existence and take a tour of the atomic world instead.' - Helen Arney, science comedian and broadcaster.
£15.29
Kahboom Ltd CO2 Net Zero
Book Synopsis
£12.14
Reaktion Books The Sea: Nature and Culture
Book SynopsisThis book explores the sea and its meanings from ancient myths to contemporary geopolitics, from Atlantis to the Mediterranean migrant crisis. Richard Hamblyn traces a cultural and geographical journey from estuary to abyss, beginning with the topographies of the shoreline and ending with the likely futures of our maritime environments. Along the way, the sea becomes a site of work and endurance, of story and song, of language, leisure and longing. By considering the sea as both a physical and a cultural presence, this book shines new light upon it, and its indelible place in the human imagination.Trade Review“A whirlwind tour of the world’s seas and oceans . . . from oceanography and marine biology to the specialist language of seafarers to the sea as it is represented in art, music, film, and literature, to a dire warning of the sea’s vulnerability to anthropogenic global warming, overfishing, and the eternal life of plastics tossed unthinkingly into the sea. . . . What makes The Sea rare is Hamblyn’s intellectual agility, his capacity to write freshly (and with extraordinary economy) about everything he touches on. He holds my interest and admiration throughout this gorgeously illustrated book.” -- Jonathan Raban, author of "Passage to Juneau: A Sea and Its Meanings" and editor of "The Oxford Book of the Sea"
£15.26
Atlantic Books Hot Air: The Inside Story of the Battle Against
Book Synopsis***SHORTLISTED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY SCIENCE BOOK PRIZE 2022******SHORTLISTED FOR THE RSL CHRISTOPHER BLAND PRIZE 2022***'Fascinating... timely, understandable and informative' Forbes Ours is the age of global warming. Rising sea levels, extreme weather, forest fires. Dire warnings are everywhere, so why has it taken so long for the crisis to be recognised?Here, for the first time, climate scientist Peter Stott reveals the bitter fight to get international recognition for what, among scientists, has been known for decades: human activity causes climate change. Across continents and against the efforts of sceptical governments, prominent climate change deniers and shadowy lobbyists, Hot Air is the urgent story of how the science was developed, how it has been repeatedly sabotaged and why humanity hasn't a second to spare in the fight to halt climate change.Trade ReviewFascinating... This timely, understandable and informative book is a clarion call to all of us * Forbes *Hot Air is a compelling indictment of the people and organisations that, for whatever reason, refuse to accept the evidence of human-induced global warming. The scientific case for this has been clear for more than thirty years. It is disappointing that there is still a need for this book, but gratifying to find such a clear exposition of the science and the politics. The most important book you are likely to see this year. * John Gribbin *Illuminating... eminently readable * Irish Times *Jaw-dropping... an invaluable record of how climate scientists have fought deep pocketed lobby groups. * New Statesman *Hot Air provides a deep insight into the nasty, iniquitous, and nefarious tactics used to deny the reality of climate change. Peter Stott's first-hand account brilliantly documents the 30-year war against climate scientists in the name of fossil fuels, political expedience, and climate denial. * Prof. Mark Maslin, author of How to Save Our Planet *A rare and gripping insight into the drama behind the UN's landmark science reports shaping how the world responds to rising temperatures. With the feel of a past-faced thriller, Peter Stott takes the reader on a tense and sometimes painful journey through battles with climate deniers and oil-rich powers. It's a book that reveals the exhilarating triumphs and personal challenges of the researchers discovering how our planet is changing. * David Shukman, science editor BBC News *Peter Stott has been a key figure both in demonstrating the strength of climate science and in fighting the climate deniers, and Hot Air is a thrilling, enthralling and, yes, enraging account of his years at the heart of the most important battle of our time. * Rowan Hooper, author of How To Spend A Trillion Dollars *A riveting despatch from the frontline of the fight against climate change. Essential reading for anyone interested in the greatest threat human society has ever faced. * Michael McCarthy, former Environment Editor, The Independent, and author of The Moth Snowstorm *Gripping, urgent and human... Stott provides a unique 'eye-of-the-storm' perspective on the story of the century. * Leo Hickman, director of Carbon Brief *In today's world climate scientists don't just do science. As Peter Stott reveals in this extraordinary story, over recent years climatologists have also had to do battle with fossil fuel-financed deniers with a dark and dangerous agenda -- that of blocking international action to tackle the most pressing crisis of our times, global planetary heating. * Mark Lynas, author of Six Degrees *This important book lays out many of the stories behind the most important science in human history: the effort to prove, against the well-funded denialists and vested interests, that the planet was heating, that humans were responsible, and that we better take swift action. If there are historians around someday to tell this epic story in all its complexity, they will lean heavily on this account. * Bill McKibben, author of Falter: Has the Human Game Begun to Play Itself Out? *An invaluable record of how climate scientists have fought deep pocketed lobby groups. * The New Statesman *Table of Contents1: Fingerprinting the climate 2: Confronted by denial 3: Strengthening the science 4: Ambushed by power 5: In harm's way 6: Very likely due 7: Court of opinion 8: Stolen emails 9: Mounting devastation 10: False balance 11: Citizen power 12: Change is coming
£10.44
Transcript Verlag Living with Wolves
Book SynopsisWith their return to Germany, wolves leave their traces in personal feelings, in the atmospheres of rural landscapes and even in the sentiments and moods that govern political arenas. Thorsten Gieser explores the role of affects, emotions, moods and atmospheres in the emerging coexistence between humans and wolves. Bridging the gap between anthropology and ethology, the author literally walks in the tracks of wolves to follow their affective agency in a more-than-human society. In nuanced analyses, he shows how wolves move, irritate and excite us, offering answers to the primary question: What does it feel like to coexist with these large predators?
£32.39
Vintage Publishing The Genius of Trees
Book SynopsisHarriet Rix is a tree science consultant based at the Tree Council, where she currently supports Defra in researching tree diseases and urban tree strategies. Before joining the tree sector in 2018, her jobs included farming sheep near Parnassus in Greece, working in landmine clearance in Syria for the HALO Trust and in Eastern Syria for the Danish Church, and as a liaison officer for a US department of state-sponsored EID clearance programme in Baghdad and Anbar province. She acted as a scientific advisor on Adrien Grenier's climate documentary, was secretary for Hedgelink and is a trustee of the Iraqi environmental charity Hasar.Rix holds a biochemistry degree from the University of Oxford and an MPhil in the history and philosophy of science from the University of Cambridge. She was a 2021/2022 London Library Emerging Writer, and her writing and photography has been published in the Financial Times, London Review of Books and Times Literary Supplement, among others. The Genius of Trees is her first book.
£21.25
Insight & Perspective Environmental Science A level AQA Approved
Book Synopsis
£25.99
Princeton University Press Geopedia
Book SynopsisTrade Review"Longlisted for the Non-Obvious Book Awards""The subtitle says it all—Bjornerud and graphic artist Hagerman have compiled a wonderfully quirky collection of 'curiosities' that, collectively, detail the Earth’s transformation over eons and illustrate how our understanding of the planet has deepened through time. . . . A charming work, chock-full of information."---Laurie Selwyn, Library Journal, starred review"This is a garnet of a geology book: rooted in the planet, jewel-like and multi-coloured."---Andrew Robinson, Nature"[Geopedia] is a buffet of bite-size chapters perfect for dipping in and out of. . . . Its pocket-size format makes it perfect as a traveling companion, and its short chapters suit our frazzled attention spans, making it a fun alternative to night-time doomscrolling or heavier nonfiction. No matter if you’re a hard-core rockhound or a geological outsider, you’ll get something worthwhile from this little gem of a book."---Howard Lee, Ars Technica"A neat little book . . . . Take a dip into Geopedia for a bit of quirky fun." * Descent *"A fascinating, illuminating read. Organized alphabetically, the articles span the gamut of the sub-disciplines. Bjornerud explores both the etymology of the scientific terms and their scientific import. Readers who pick it up will learn a lot."---I. D. Sasowsky, Choice"perfect for casual reading .... Bjornerud...is a gifted writer" * Choice *"A cute little book of curiosities to dip in and out of but, like a box of rich chocolates, you probably will not want to finish it off all in one sitting."---Helen Coombs, Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society
£12.90
John Murray Press This is Planet Earth: Your ultimate guide to the
Book SynopsisThe ancient Greeks called it Gaia; the Romans Terra. We know it simply as Earth, the planet we call home. And what a planet it is.Formed around 4.6 billion years ago from the debris of the big bang and long-dead stars, at first it was nothing special, but somehow it evolved to become the most amazing place in the known Universe. The only living planet we know of, it also has a very unusual moon, a remarkably dynamic surface, a complex atmosphere and a deeply mysterious interior.This is Planet Earth is dedicated to the wonders of Planet Earth. Its past is long and dramatic and its future shrouded in mystery. Yet despite centuries of research, only now are we starting to understand Earth's complexity.ABOUT THE SERIESNew Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subjects that challenge, attract debate, invite controversy and engage the most enquiring minds. Designed for curious readers who want to know how things work and why, the Instant Expert series explores the topics that really matter and their impact on individuals, society, and the planet, translating the scientific complexities around us into language that's open to everyone, and putting new ideas and discoveries into perspective and context.
£8.79
Elsevier Science Geotechnical Engineering Calculations and Rules
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1 Geotechnical Engineering Fundamentals 1 Geology and geotechnical engineering 2 Site investigation 3 Groundwater 4 Soil laboratory testing 5 Geotechnical engineering theoretical concepts Part 2 Shallow Foundations 6 Shallow foundation fundamentals 7 Bearing capacity – rules of thumb 8 Bearing capacity computation (general equation for cohesive and noncohesive soils) 9 Elastic settlement of shallow foundations 10 Foundation reinforcement design 11 Grillage design 12 Footings subjected to bending moment 13 Geogrids 14 Tie beams and grade beams 15 Drainage for shallow foundations 16 Selection of foundation type 17 Consolidation settlement of foundations 18 Secondary compression 19 Seismic design of shallow foundations Part 3 Earth Retaining Structures 20 Earth retaining structures 21 Gravity walls: sand backfill 22 Cantilever walls 23 Gabion walls 24 Reinforced earth walls 25 Structural design of retaining walls Part 4 Geotechnical Engineering Strategies 26 Geotechnical engineering software 27 Geotechnical instrumentation 28 Unbraced excavations 29 Braced excavations 30 Raft design 31 Rock mechanics and foundation design in rock 32 Dip angle and strike 33 Rock bolts, dowels, and cable bolts 34 Soil anchors 35 Tunnel design 36 Geosynthetics in geotechnical engineering 37 Slurry cutoff walls 38 Earthwork 39 Mass-haul diagrams Part 5 Pile Foundations 40 Pile foundations 41 Pile design in sandy soils 42 Pile design in clay soils 43 Pile installation and verification 44 Design of pin piles – semiempirical approach 45 Neutral plane concept and negative skin friction 46 Design of caissons 47 Design of pile groups Subject Index
£71.99
Yale University Press Children of the Northern Forest
Book SynopsisThis no-holds-barred narrative of the failure of conservation in northern New England's forests envisions a wilder, more equitable, lower-carbon future for forest-dependent communitiesTrade Review“From the first lifted colonial axe to the cold globalist clearcuts, Children of the Northern Forest is a fact-based and fierce forest history. Ecological warrior Jamie Sayen confronts the reader with the destruction of New England forests.”—Annie Proulx, author of Barkskins“No one has labored longer and harder for the protection of the northern forest than Jamie Sayen—from the western edge of the mighty Adirondacks to the vast forests of Maine’s interior he has done the work that earns him the right to tell this story. And he tells it with style, heart, and clarifying insight: it belongs on the shelf of everyone who wanders in these woods.”—Bill McKibben, author The End of Nature“Children of the Northern Forest examines why more than thirty years of strenuous conservation efforts have failed to protect northern New England’s forest, and presents a vision of a better future for the region and all its creatures.”—Brian Donahue, author of The Great Meadow and Reclaiming the Commons
£23.75
National Academies Press Environmental Data Management at Noaa
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£37.00
Little, Brown Book Group Bring Me Sunshine
Book SynopsisWe talk about the weather a lot. It exasperates, confounds and on occasion delights us. Our national conversation is dominated by the weather, but how much do we really know about it? In Bring Me Sunshine, Charlie Connelly sets off on the trail of our island obsession. He breezes through the lives of meteorological eccentrics, geniuses, rainmakers and cloud-busters and brings vividly to life great weather events from history. He sheds light on Britain''s weirdest wind, why we have the wettest place in England to thank for the trusty pencil, the debt that umbrella owners owe to Robinson Crusoe and why people once thought firing cannons at clouds was a great idea. Having adventured round the shipping forecast areas for his bestselling Attention All Shipping, Connelly is the perfect guide through a mélange of gales, blizzards, mists, heatwaves and the occasional shower of fish. By turns informative, entertaining and hilarious, Bring Me SunshineTrade ReviewFor fans of Charlie Connelly, things have indeed turned out nice again * Spectator *
£10.44
Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Basic Coastal Engineering
Book SynopsisThe second edition (1997) of this text was a completely rewritten version of the original text Basic Coastal Engineering published in 1978. Basic Coastal Engineering is an introductory text on wave mechanics and coastal processes along with fundamentals that underline the practice of coastal engineering.Table of ContentsCoastal Engineering.- Two-Dimensional Wave Equations and Wave Characteristics.- Finite-Amplitude Waves.- Wave Refraction, Diffraction, and Reflection.- Coastal Water Level Fluctuations.- Wind-Generated Waves.- Coastal Structures.- Coastal Zone Processes.- Field and Laboratory Investigations.
£89.99
Cambridge University Press Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£62.69
Cambridge University Press Understanding Science
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£28.50
John Wiley & Sons Inc Oceans For Dummies
Book SynopsisDive deep to explore the ocean From how most of our oxygen is created by phytoplankton, to how currents control our climate, to the marine food chain and the importance of coral, this is the holy grail of ocean books that's easy for everyone to digest. It features fun facts about some of the most incredible, bizarre, and fascinating creatures in the ocean, from mantis shrimp that can strike things with the speed of a .22 caliber bullet to fish with clear heads that can see out of the top of their skulls. The ocean is full of wonders and there is still so much left to explore and understand. How our oceans workWhat creatures live in the oceanFind out how the ocean regulates our climate and weather patternsHow growing pollution threatens our ocean and its inhabitants Oceans For Dummies is perfect for anyone with an interest in the ocean, including kids, adults, students, ocean lovers, surfers, fishermen, conservationists, sailors, and everyone in between.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 About This Book 2 Foolish Assumptions 3 Icons Used in This Book 3 Beyond the Book 4 Where to Go from Here 4 Part 1: Getting Started with Your Ocean Voyage 5 Chapter 1: Brushing Up on Ocean Fundamentals 7 Taking a Nickel Tour of the Ocean(s) 8 Dividing the ocean into oceans or not 8 Recognizing the ocean zones 9 Dropping in on the different ecosystems 10 Going with the Flow: The Physical Properties of the Ocean 10 Getting up to speed on the water cycle 11 Checking out what’s at the bottom of the ocean (and below) 13 Riding waves, tides, and currents 13 Recognizing the ocean’s role in climate control and weather 14 Meeting the Ocean’s Inhabitants 14 Recognizing strength in numbers: Marine microorganisms 15 Going green with marine plants and plant-like organisms 15 Grouping the ocean’s animals 16 Exploring the Complex and Evolving Human-Ocean Relationship 17 Chapter 2: Appreciating the Ocean’s Many Gifts 19 Supplying Over Half of the World’s Oxygen 20 Playing a Key Role in Regulating Climate and Weather 20 Producing Protein for Billions of People 22 Contributing Trillions to the Global Economy 23 Serving as a Source of Mystery and Wonder 24 Stimulating our imaginations 25 Increasing our knowledge of the world around us 26 Getting in touch with our emotional connection to the sea 27 Chapter 3: Looking Back at the Ocean’s History (and Prehistory) 29 Discovering How the Ocean Got Its Start 30 The wet planet theory 30 The water delivery truck theory 31 Tracing the Evolution of Ocean Life 31 Getting the evolutionary ball rolling 32 Going cellular 32 And now for a word about metabolism 33 All together now: Multicellular organisms 34 Taking evolution to the next level in the Paleozoic era 35 Gaining momentum in the Mesozoic era 41 Increasing sophistication in the Cenozoic era 44 Taking the Earth’s Present Evolutionary Pulse 48 Looking Ahead: What’s in Store for the Ocean’s Future? 51 Part 2: Finding Your Way Around 55 Chapter 4: Mapping the Ocean by Zones 57 Dividing the Ocean into Three Horizontal Zones 58 Where land meets sea: The intertidal zone 58 Wading through the neritic zone 60 Heading out to sea: The oceanic zone 61 Exploring the Five Vertical Zones of the Water Column 62 Skimming the surface: The epipelagic zone 62 Dimming the lights in the mesopelagic zone 63 Taking a deeper, darker dive into the bathypelagic zone 65 Delving into the abyss: The abyssopelagic zone 67 How low can you go? The hadalpelagic zone 69 Acknowledging the Existence of Other Zones 71 From light to dark: The photic and aphotic zones 71 From top to bottom: The pelagic and benthic zone 72 Chapter 5: Checking Out the Neighborhoods: The Ocean’s Ecosystems 73 Hugging the Shore 74 Digging life in the sand 74 Living life on the rocks 75 Mixing it up in the estuaries 77 Muddling through the mudflats 78 Settling down in salt marshes 80 Meandering through the mangroves 81 Swimming through Kelp Forests 83 Swirling in Sargasso: A Sea without Borders 85 Grazing in the Seagrass Meadows 87 Building Their Own Communities: Reefs 88 Coral reefs 88 Oyster reefs 92 Chilling Out at the Poles 92 Living Under Extreme Conditions: Deep Ocean Ecosystems 95 Hydrothermal vents 95 Deep-sea coral reefs 95 Cold seeps 97 Whale falls 97 Moving Out and About: Migratory Species 98 Chapter 6: Taking a Deeper Dive: Beneath the Ocean 99 Grasping the Basics of Plate Tectonics 99 Tracing the Contours of the Seafloor 102 Creating the first map of the seafloor 104 Fine-tuning seafloor maps with better technology 105 Chipping Away at Ocean Rock and Sediment 106 Checking Out Deep-Sea Cores 106 Part 3: Sampling the Vast Diversity of Sea Life 109 Chapter 7: Getting to Know the Mighty Microbes 111 Meeting the Marine Microbes 112 Bacteria 112 Archaea 114 Viruses 114 Protists 115 Fungi 115 Recognizing the Importance of Microbes 116 Feeding the ocean’s living organisms 117 Anchoring food chains and webs 118 Cleaning up our messes 122 Looking at the Relationship between Microbes and Plankton 123 Phytoplankton 123 Zooplankton 123 Distinguishing lifers from juvies 124 Chapter 8: Sorting Out Algae, Seaweed, and Other Aquatic Vegetation 127 All You Need to Know about Algae, and Then Some 128 Go big or go home: Macroalgae (a.k.a seaweed) 128 Small, but just about everywhere the sun shines: Microalgae 132 Understanding the threats posed by harmful algae blooms (HABs) 134 Shoring Up the Shoreline with Mangroves 137 Not Your Typical Lawn: Seagrass 138 Checking Out What’s Growing in the Salt Marshes 139 Chapter 9: Getting the Lowdown on Simple Invertebrates 141 Sponges and Other Holy Creatures: The Porifera 142 Calcarea 143 Demospongiae 143 Hexactinellida 145 Homoscleromorpha 145 Jellyfish, Anemones, and Other Notable Cnidarians 146 Scyphozoans 147 Hydrozoans 148 Anthozoans 149 Cubozoans 150 Ctenophora (Comb Jellies) 150 Starfish, Urchins, and Other Famous Echinoderms 151 Asteroidea (sea stars) 151 Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) 152 Echinoidea (sea urchins and sand dollars) 153 Crinoidea (sea lilies and feather stars) 154 Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) 155 Squirmy Wormies: The Annelids 156 Polychaetes 156 Oligochaetes 158 Hirudinea 158 Chapter 10: Getting Mushy over Mollusks 159 Meet the Mother of All Mollusks 160 Gastropods: Putting Their One Foot Forward 161 Snails 161 Sea slugs and sea hares 165 Bivalves: Parts One and Two 167 Clams 167 Oysters 168 Mussels 169 Scallops 169 Cephalopods: Head and Tentacles Above the Rest 170 Octopi 171 Squid 172 Cuttlefish 174 Nautilus 175 Chapter 11: Wearing Their Skeletons on the Outside: Crustaceans 177 What Makes a Crustacean a Crustacean? 178 The Shrimpy Crustaceans: Branchiopoda 178 Real Softies: Malacostraca (Soft-Shell Crustaceans) 180 Phyllocarida 180 Hoplocarida 181 Eumalacostraca 182 A New Twist on Putting Your Foot in Your Mouth: Maxillopoda 190 Copepods 190 Barnacles 191 Fish lice 191 Crustacean Cave Dwellers: The Remipedia 192 Ostracoda 192 What about Horseshoe Crabs? 193 Chapter 12: Getting Chummy with Fish: Bony and Otherwise 195 Look Ma, No Jaw! Agnatha 196 Lampreys 196 Hagfish 197 Look Pa, No Bones! Chondrichthyes 198 Elasmobranchii: The fish with a PR problem 199 Holocephali: Chimaera 208 Check Out the Bones! Osteichthyes 209 Ray-finned 211 Lobe-finned 215 Chapter 13: Meeting a Few Marine Reptiles 217 Everybody’s Favorite: Sea Turtles 218 Meet the family 219 Making babies 223 A seriously threatened animal 224 Will the Real Sea Serpent Please Slither Forward? 225 The Only Lizard to Make the Cut: Marine Iguanas 227 Saltwater Crocodiles 228 Chapter 14: Bird Watching in and Near the Ocean 231 Knowing What Makes a Bird a Shorebird or a Seabird 232 Shorebirds 232 Seabirds 233 Flying Way Below the Radar: Penguins 234 Going Loony 236 Courting Grebes 237 Tubular, Dude! Albatross, Petrels, Shearwaters, and Fulmars 238 Soaring with the albatross 238 Skimming the surface with shearwaters 239 Fluttering above the surface with petrels 240 Pelicans and Other Pelecaniformes 241 Pelicans 242 Frigate birds 243 Boobies and gannets 243 Cormorants and shags 245 Phaethontidae — Tropicbirds 246 Sea Ducks and Geese: The Saltwater Variety 246 A Curious Mix: The Charadriiformes 247 Gulls, terns, skimmers, and friends 247 Auks, puffins, and other Alcids 249 Shorebirds and waders 251 Ospreys, Herons, Flamingos, and Other Seaside Attractions 253 Osprey 254 Eagles 255 Herons 255 Flamingos 256 Chapter 15: Getting Warm and Fuzzy with Marine Mammals 257 What Makes Marine Mammals So Special? 258 Staying toasty 258 Breathing easy 259 Adapting to their food source 259 Adapting to salt water 263 Exhibiting special sensory adaptations 263 Getting Acquainted with the Cetaceans: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises 265 Sizing up baleen whales 266 Sinking your teeth into the toothed whales 270 Swimming with the Sirenians: Manatees and Dugongs 276 Seals, Walruses, and Other Pinnipeds 277 Earless (true) seals 278 Eared seals 279 Walruses 280 Stepping Out with the Marine Fissipeds 281 The ever-popular polar bears 281 Otters you “oughter” know 283 Part 4: Grasping Basic Ocean Physics 285 Chapter 16: Following the Ocean in Motion 287 Meeting the World’s Largest Wave Machine 288 Plain ol’ surface waves 288 Tsunamis: So-called tidal waves 289 Rising and falling with the tides 291 Going unnoticed: Internal waves 294 Upwelling and Downwelling in the Water Column 295 Riding the Currents: The Ocean’s Global Conveyor Belt 296 Knowing Where the Winds Blow 298 Going Round and Round with Gyres 301 Following the Ups and Downs of Sea Levels 303 Chapter 17: Driving Climate and Weather 307 Understanding the Ocean’s Role in Climate and Weather 307 Differentiating climate and weather 308 Looking at how the ocean impacts climate and weather 308 Letting Off Some Steam 309 Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons 309 Monsoons 312 El Niño and La Niña 312 Understanding Climate Change and Global Warming 314 Part 5: Understanding the Human-Ocean Connection 319 Chapter 18: Taking a Quick Dip into the History of Underwater Exploration 321 Getting to the Bottom of Things 322 Diving bells 322 Hard-hat diving helmets and suits 324 The self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) 324 Submersibles 328 Setting Up Shop in Underwater Research Stations 333 Conshelf 333 SeaLabs 334 Aquarius 335 Checking Out Other Ocean Monitoring Gadgets and Technologies 335 Buoys (moored and drifting) 335 Coring, dredging, and trawling tools 337 Water column samplers 337 Sonar and lidar 338 The Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) 338 Chapter 19: Tapping the Ocean’s Resources: The Blue Economy 341 Supplying the World’s Seafood Diet 342 Harvesting plant life, too 343 Growing our own supplies: Aquaculture and mariculture 344 Tapping the Sea as a Source for Fresh water 344 Shipping Goods ‘Round the World 345 Digging Up Gold, Diamonds, and Other Valuables: Deep-Sea Mining 345 Harnessing the Ocean’s Energy Resources 346 Discovering New Medications 348 Capitalizing on Tourism and Recreation 349 Accounting for a Few Ancillary Ocean Benefits 349 Carbon storage (a.k.a blue carbon) 349 Coastal protection 351 Cultural value 351 Biodiversity 352 Chapter 20: Governing the Ocean: Treaties, Laws, Agreements, and Enforcement 353 Recognizing the Two Systems of Law That Govern the Seas 354 Admiralty Law 354 The Law of the Sea 355 Establishing Sovereign and International Jurisdictions 357 Understanding sovereign jurisdiction 357 Ruling the high seas: International jurisdiction 359 Policing the Ocean and Enforcing the Laws 360 Preventing illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing 361 Combating piracy on the high seas 361 Chapter 21: Taking Care of the Ocean That Takes Care of Us 363 Keeping Tabs on Ocean Health 364 Zeroing in on the Problems 365 Pollution 366 Overfishing 372 Acidification 373 Habitat destruction 374 Invasive species 374 Warming sea temperatures 374 Coming Up with Solutions 377 Improving socio-economic conditions 377 Building marine sanctuaries 378 Cutting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 380 Restoring and conserving coastal and ocean habitats 381 Reducing the impact of plastics and other trash 382 Preventing and recovering from overfishing 382 Engaging youth 383 Get involved! 384 Part 6: The Part of Tens 385 Chapter 22: Ten Deadly Ocean Creatures 387 Saltwater Crocodiles 388 Fugu Fish 388 Killer Whales 389 Blue-Ringed Octopus 389 Sea Snake 390 Stone Fish 390 Sharks (But Not All of Them) 391 Cone Snails 392 Box Jellyfish 393 Humans 393 Chapter 23: Ten Ocean Myths Busted 395 Melting Sea Ice Increases Sea Levels 395 Sharks Must Swim Constantly to Survive 396 Some Penguins Can Fly 397 Salt Water Kills Bacteria 397 Seawater is Just Salty Water 398 Waterspouts Are Tornadoes Over Water 398 The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a Solid Mat of Plastic 399 All Jellies Can Sting Humans 399 The Ocean is Blue Because It Reflects the Color of the Sky 400 Nothing Lives in the Middle of the Ocean 400 Chapter 24: Ten Ways You Can Help Preserve the Ocean 401 Reduce Your Carbon Footprint 402 Steer Clear of Plastics 403 Make Sustainable Seafood Choices 403 Use Ocean-Friendly Sunscreen 404 Don’t Buy Products That Exploit Marine Life 405 Vote for the Ocean with an Environmental Conscience 405 Defend Your Drain: Use Natural Products 406 Protect Your Local Watershed 406 Make It a Family Affair 407 Join and Support Ocean Conservation Organizations 408 Index 411
£15.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Natural Hazards
Book SynopsisThe new revised fifth edition of Natural Hazards remains the go-to introductory-level survey intended for university and college courses that are concerned with earth processes that have direct, and often sudden and violent, impacts on human society. The text integrates principles of geology, hydrology, meteorology, climatology, oceanography, soil science, ecology, and solar system astronomy. The textbook explains the earth processes that drive hazardous events in an understandable way, illustrate how these processes interact with our civilization, and describe how we can better adjust to their effects. Written by leading scholars in the area, the new edition of this book takes advantage of the greatly expanding amount of information regarding natural hazards, disasters, and catastrophes. The text is designed for learning with each chapter broken into small consumable chunks of content for students. Each chapter opens with a list of learning objectives and ends with revision as well Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Natural Hazards 2 Internal Structure of Earth and Plate Tectonics 3 Earthquakes 4 Tsunamis 5 Volcanoes 6 Flooding 7 Mass Wasting 8 Subsidence and Soils 9 Atmospheric Processes and Severe Weather 10 Hurricanes and Extratropical Cyclones 11 Coastal Hazards 12 Climate and Climate Change 13 Wildfires 14 Impacts and Extinctions
£56.99
WW Norton & Co Meet the Neighbors
Book Synopsis
£22.79
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Fundamentals of Geobiology
Book SynopsisThis book is the first to set out a coherent set of principles that underpin geobiology, and will act as a foundational text that will speed the intellectual dissemination of those principles.Trade Review“In summary, Fundamentals of Geobiology would be a welcome addition to any geoscientist’s bookshelf, especially those interested in sedimentary geology, palaeobiology or Earth history.” (The Geological Journal, 1 January 2013) “It would be this reviewer’s “stranded on a desert island” selection. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals.” (Choice, 1 January 2013) PROSE Awards 2012: Honorable Mention in the Earth Sciences Category. Table of ContentsContributors, xi 1. What is Geobiology?, 1 Andrew H. Knoll, Donald E. Canfield, and Kurt O. Konhauser 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Life interacting with the Earth, 2 1.3 Pattern and process in geobiology, 2 1.4 New horizons in geobiology, 3 2. The Global Carbon Cycle: Biological Processes, 5 Paul G. Falkowski 2.1 Introduction, 5 2.2 A brief primer on redox reactions, 5 2.3 Carbon as a substrate for biological reactions, 5 2.4 The evolution of photosynthesis, 8 2.5 The evolution of oxygenic phototrophs, 11 2.6 Net primary production, 13 2.7 What limits NPP on land and in the ocean?, 15 2.8 Is NPP in balance with respiration?, 16 2.9 Conclusions and extensions, 17 3. The Global Carbon Cycle: Geological Processes, 20 Klaus Wallmann and Giovanni Aloisi 3.1 Introduction, 20 3.2 Organic carbon cycling, 20 3.3 Carbonate cycling, 22 3.4 Mantle degassing, 23 3.5 Metamorphism, 24 3.6 Silicate weathering, 24 3.7 Feedbacks, 25 3.8 Balancing the geological carbon cycle, 26 3.9 Evolution of the geological carbon cycle through Earth's history: proxies and models, 27 3.10 The geological C cycle through time, 30 3.11 Limitations and perspectives, 32 4. The Global Nitrogen Cycle, 36 Bess Ward 4.1 Introduction, 36 4.2 Geological nitrogen cycle, 36 4.3 Components of the global nitrogen cycle, 38 4.4 Nitrogen redox chemistry, 40 4.5 Biological reactions of the nitrogen cycle, 40 4.6 Atmospheric nitrogen chemistry, 45 4.7 Summary and areas for future research, 46 5. The Global Sulfur Cycle, 49 Donald E. Canfield and James Farquhar 5.1 Introduction, 49 5.2 The global sulfur cycle from two perspectives, 49 5.3 The evolution of S metabolisms, 53 5.4 The interaction of S with other biogeochemical cycles, 55 5.5 The evolution of the S cycle, 59 5.6 Closing remarks, 61 6. The Global Iron Cycle, 65 Brian Kendall, Ariel D. Anbar, Andreas Kappler and Kurt O. Konhauser 6.1 Overview, 65 6.2 The inorganic geochemistry of iron: redox and reservoirs, 65 6.3 Iron in modern biology and biogeochemical cycles, 69 6.4 Iron through time, 73 6.5 Summary, 83 7. The Global Oxygen Cycle, 93 James F. Kasting and Donald E. Canfield 7.1 Introduction, 93 7.2 The chemistry and biochemistry of oxygen, 93 7.3 The concept of redox balance, 94 7.4 The modern O2 cycle, 94 7.5 Cycling of O2 and H2 on the early Earth, 98 7.6 Synthesis: speculations about the timing and cause of the rise of atmospheric O2, 102 8. Bacterial Biomineralization, 105 Kurt Konhauser and Robert Riding 8.1 Introduction, 105 8.2 Mineral nucleation and growth, 105 8.3 How bacteria facilitate biomineralization, 106 8.4 Iron oxyhydroxides, 111 8.5 Calcium carbonates, 116 9. Mineral–Organic–Microbe Interfacial Chemistry, 131 David J. Vaughan and Jonathan R. Lloyd 9.1 Introduction, 131 9.2 The mineral surface (and mineral–bio interface) and techniques for its study, 131 9.3 Mineral-organic-microbe interfacial processes: some key examples, 140 10. Eukaryotic Skeletal Formation, 150 Adam F. Wallace, Dongbo Wang, Laura M. Hamm, Andrew H. Knoll and Patricia M. Dove 10.1 Introduction, 150 10.2 Mineralization by unicellular organisms, 151 10.3 Mineralization by multicellular organisms, 164 10.4 A brief history of skeletons, 173 10.5 Summary, 175 11. Plants and Animals as Geobiological Agents, 188 David J. Beerling and Nicholas J. Butterfield 11.1 Introduction, 188 11.2 Land plants as geobiological agents, 188 11.3 Animals as geobiological agents, 195 11.4 Conclusions, 200 12. A Geobiological View of Weathering and Erosion, 205 Susan L. Brantley, Marina Lebedeva and Elisabeth M. Hausrath 12.1 Introduction, 205 12.2 Effects of biota on weathering, 207 12.3 Effects of organic molecules on weathering, 209 12.4 Organomarkers in weathering solutions, 211 12.5 Elemental profiles in regolith, 213 12.6 Time evolution of profile development, 217 12.7 Investigating chemical, physical, and biological weathering with simple models, 218 12.8 Conclusions, 222 13. Molecular Biology’s Contributions to Geobiology, 228 Dianne K. Newman, Victoria J. Orphan and Anna-Louise Reysenbach 13.1 Introduction, 228 13.2 Molecular approaches used in geobiology, 229 13.3 Case study: anaerobic oxidation of methane, 238 13.4 Challenges and opportunities for the next generation, 242 14. Stable Isotope Geobiology, 250 D.T. Johnston and W.W. Fischer 14.1 Introduction, 250 14.2 Isotopic notation and the biogeochemical elements, 253 14.3 Tracking fractionation in a system, 255 14.4 Applications, 258 14.5 Using isotopes to ask a geobiological question in deep time, 261 14.6 Conclusions, 265 15. Biomarkers: Informative Molecules for Studies in Geobiology, 269 Roger E. Summons and Sara A. Lincoln 15.1 Introduction, 269 15.2 Origins of biomarkers, 269 15.3 Diagenesis, 269 15.4 Isotopic compositions, 270 15.5 Stereochemical considerations, 272 15.6 Lipid biosynthetic pathways, 273 15.7 Classification of lipids, 273 15.8 Lipids diagnostic of Archaea, 277 15.9 Lipids diagnostic of Bacteria, 280 15.10 Lipids of Eukarya, 283 15.11 Preservable cores, 283 15.12 Outlook, 287 16. The Fossil Record of Microbial Life, 297 Andrew H. Knoll 16.1 Introduction, 297 16.2 The nature of Earth’s early microbial record, 297 16.3 Paleobiological inferences from microfossil morphology, 299 16.4 Inferences from microfossil chemistry and ultrastructure (new technologies), 302 16.5 Inferences from microbialites, 306 16.6 A brief history, with questions, 308 16.7 Conclusions, 311 17. Geochemical Origins of Life, 315 Robert M. Hazen 17.1 Introduction, 315 17.2 Emergence as a unifying concept in origins research, 315 17.3 The emergence of biomolecules, 317 17.4 The emergence of macromolecules, 320 17.5 The emergence of self-replicating systems, 323 17.6 The emergence of natural selection, 326 17.7 Three scenarios for the origins of life, 327 18. Mineralogical Co-evolution of the Geosphere and Biosphere, 333 Robert M. Hazen and Dominic Papineau 18.1 Introduction, 333 18.2 Prebiotic mineral evolution I – evidence from meteorites, 334 18.3 Prebiotic mineral evolution II – crust and mantle reworking, 335 18.4 The anoxic Archean biosphere, 336 18.5 The Great Oxidation Event, 340 18.6 A billion years of stasis, 341 18.7 The snowball Earth, 341 18.8 The rise of skeletal mineralization, 342 18.9 Summary, 343 19. Geobiology of the Archean Eon, 351 Roger Buick 19.1 Introduction, 351 19.2 Carbon cycle, 351 19.3 Sulfur cycle, 354 19.4 Iron cycle, 355 19.5 Oxygen cycle, 357 19.6 Nitrogen cycle, 359 19.7 Phosphorus cycle, 360 19.8 Bioaccretion of sediment, 360 19.9 Bioalteration, 365 19.10 Conclusions, 366 20. Geobiology of the Proterozoic Eon, 371 Timothy W. Lyons, Christopher T. Reinhard, Gordon D. Love and Shuhai Xiao 20.1 Introduction, 371 20.2 The Great Oxidation Event, 371 20.3 The early Proterozoic: Era geobiology in the wake of the GOE, 372 20.4 The mid-Proterozoic: a last gasp of iron formations, deep ocean anoxia, the 'boring' billion, and a mid-life crisis, 375 20.5 The history of Proterozoic life: biomarker records, 381 20.6 The history of Proterozoic life: mid-Proterozoic fossil record, 383 20.7 The late Proterozoic: a supercontinent, oxygen, ice, and the emergence of animals, 384 20.8 Summary, 392 21. Geobiology of the Phanerozoic, 403 Steven M. Stanley 21.1 The beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, 403 21.2 Cambrian mass extinctions, 405 21.3 The terminal Ordovician mass extinction, 405 21.4 The impact of early land plants, 406 21.5 Silurian biotic crises, 406 21.6 Devonian mass extinctions, 406 21.7 Major changes of the global ecosystem in Carboniferous time, 406 21.8 Low-elevation glaciation near the equator, 407 21.9 Drying of climates, 408 21.10 A double mass extinction in the Permian, 408 21.11 The absence of recovery in the early Triassic, 409 21.12 The terminal Triassic crisis, 409 21.13 The rise of atmospheric oxygen since early in Triassic time, 410 21.14 The Toarcian anoxic event, 410 21.15 Phytoplankton, planktonic foraminifera, and the carbon cycle, 411 21.16 Diatoms and the silica cycle, 411 21.17 Cretaceous climates, 411 21.18 The sudden Paleocene–Eocene climatic shift, 414 21.19 The cause of the Eocene–Oligocene climatic shift, 415 21.20 The re-expansion of reefs during Oligocene time, 416 21.21 Drier climates and cascading evolutionary radiations on the land, 416 22. Geobiology of the Anthropocene, 425 Daniel P. Schrag 22.1 Introduction, 425 22.2 The Anthropocene, 425 22.3 When did the Anthropocene begin?, 426 22.4 Geobiology and human population, 427 22.5 Human appropriation of the Earth, 428 22.6 The carbon cycle and climate of the Anthropocene, 430 22.7 The future of geobiology, 433 Acknowledgements, 434 References, 435 Index, 437 Colour plate pages fall between pp. 228 and 229
£49.35
Headline Publishing Group Subterranea
Book Synopsis''AN ORIGINAL AND TIMELY ODYSSEY INTO OUR MYSTERIOUS UNDERWORLD . . . THRILLING PROOF THAT SCIENCE AND IMAGINATION SHARE THE GROUND BENEATH OUR FEET'' Nicholas Crane, presenter of BBC2''s Coast and Great British JourneysIf you were to peel back the Earth''s surface like an orange, then take a sly peek underneath, what extraordinary things would you see?Subterranea is where the world''s remaining mysteries are yet to be found. For millennia, across nations and cultures, it has been a hotbed of fantastical stories. It''s where humans have kept their most sacred treasures and their darkest secrets. It''s where we have found evidence of our past and may, at some point, find an escape route for our uncertain future. But what would we find there today? From the underground cities of Cappadocia to smuggling tunnels on the US-Mexico border, caves full of tiny blind dragons and a seed vault located 1300km inside the Arctic circle, SuTrade ReviewAn original and timely odyssey into our mysterious underworld ... Thrilling proof that science and imagination share the ground beneath our feet. * Nicholas Crane, presenter of BBC2's Coast and Great British Journeys *An incredible and evocative journey into the most exotic and unknown realms on the planet ... Here is a book that makes you stop and wonder at every page; a deeply engaging guided tour through an eerie world where mankind's old myths and legends seem to acquire a mesmerising reality. * Sinclair McKay *With evocative maps and stunning photography, Subterranea shows that the underground realm is just as captivating as the above-ground world around us. * Daily Mail *Accompanied by stunning photography and illustrative maps, this book is a great way to escape from the outside world by diving into the depths of another. 5 STARS ***** * How It Works magazine *Chris Fitch is fascinated by these fantastical underworlds, and has gone in search of enigmatic cave paintings, eerie plague pits, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault and the illicit smuggling tunnels snaking between Mexico and the USA. * The Simple Things magazine *Remarkable places ... glorious illustrations. * Wanderlust magazine *With evocative maps and stunning photograpghy, Subterranea shows that the underground realm is just as captivating as the above-ground world around us.' -- Ciara Dossett * Daily Mail *
£21.25
SteinerBooks, Inc The Mutual Evolution of Earth and Humanity:
Book SynopsisThis monumental work by Dankmar Bosse presents, for the first time, a comprehensive picture of the evolution of the earth and its natural kingdoms, based primarily on geology and paleontology, and with reference to the work of Rudolf Steiner.Bosse explores many core questions of natural science, such as the relationship of humanity to the evolution of the animal kingdom, the origin of deep crystalline rocks, and the shaping of present-day landscapes.This is a fascinating exposition of the development of our natural world, and human beings, lavishly illustrated in colour. It is essential reading for anyone interested in how life on earth, and the earth itself, got to this point.
£40.00
BookLife Publishing When Its Wet
Book SynopsisWhat is the weather like outside? Do you need sunglasses or an umbrella? The weather is an important part of nature and has a big impact on our lives. By watching the weather, you can make sure you are ready for anything!
£5.99
