Civil engineering, surveying and building Books
IWA Publishing Comparative Evaluation of Sludge Reduction Routes
Book SynopsisThis project aims at the evaluation of eight various routes that potentially may allow wastewater treatment plants to produce less sludge (from 5% to 100%). It has been possible to define several routes that could be applied efficiently with knowledge of possible side-effects (risk management) and an estimation of associated costs (OPEX/CAPEX), which are quite comparable to those used in conventional sludge treatment and disposal.
£91.76
Elsevier Science Aerodynamics for Engineering Students
Book Synopsis
£81.00
Taylor & Francis Ltd Structural Engineers Pocket Book Eurocodes
Book SynopsisFunctions as a Day-to-Day Resource for Practicing EngineersâThe hugely useful Structural Engineerâs Pocket Book is now overhauled and revised in line with the Eurocodes. It forms a comprehensive pocket reference guide for professional and student structural engineers, especially those taking the IStructE Part 3 exam. With stripped-down basic materialâtables, data, facts, formulae, and rules of thumbâit is directly usable for scheme design by structural engineers in the office, in transit, or on site. âAnd a Core Reference for StudentsIt brings together data from many different sources, and delivers a compact source of job-simplifying and time-saving information at an affordable price. It acts as a reliable first point of reference for information that is needed on a daily basis.This third edition is referenced throughout to the structural Eurocodes. After giving general informatTrade Review" … this excellent little book should remain an important first reference tool for practising engineers and students alike."—Civil Engineering Journal, October 2015"All in all, the reviewer would wholeheartedly like to commend this concise and yet informative pocket book as an essential reference for all current practitioners as well as for the next generation of engineers."—ICE Proceedings-Structures-Buildings Journal, 2015"The book, in its previous editions, has been an essential companion of practising engineers, as well as of students of structural design. The new edition fills a great need to provide the essential data for anyone who may be required to use Eurocodes. This applies to practising engineers as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students of structural design."—Kuldeep S Virdi, Professor Emeritus, City University, London, UK" … this excellent little book should remain an important first reference tool for practising engineers and students alike."—Civil Engineering Journal, October 2015"All in all, the reviewer would wholeheartedly like to commend this concise and yet informative pocket book as an essential reference for all current practitioners as well as for the next generation of engineers."—ICE Proceedings-Structures-Buildings Journal, 2015"The book, in its previous editions, has been an essential companion of practising engineers, as well as of students of structural design. The new edition fills a great need to provide the essential data for anyone who may be required to use Eurocodes. This applies to practising engineers as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students of structural design."—Kuldeep S Virdi, Professor Emeritus, City University, London, UKTable of ContentsGeneral Information. Statutory Authorities and Permissions. Design Data. Basic and Shortcut Tools for Structural Analysis. Eurocodes. Actions on Structures. Reinforced Concrete. Structural Steel. Composite Steel and Concrete. Timber and Plywood. Masonry. Geotechnics. Structural Glass. Building Elements, Materials, Fixings and Fastenings. Sustainability. Useful Mathematics. Useful Addresses. Further Reading. Sources. Index.
£37.99
Oxford University Press A Practical Approach to Advanced Mathematical
Book Synopsis
£34.19
Bloomsbury Publishing PLC Built
Book Synopsis''A fascinating celebration of the impact that structural engineering has on all our lives[an] eye-opening book'' The Sunday Times In BUILT, structural engineer Roma Agrawal takes a unique look at how construction has evolved from the mud huts of our ancestors to skyscrapers of steel that reach hundreds of metres into the sky. She unearths how engineers have tunnelled through kilometres of solid mountains; how they''ve bridged across the widest and deepest of rivers, and tamed Nature's precious and elusive water resources. She tells vivid tales of the visionaries who created the groundbreaking materials in the Pantheon''s record-holding concrete dome and the frame of the record-breaking Eiffel Tower. Through the lens of an engineer, Roma examines tragedies like the collapse of the Quebec Bridge, highlighting the precarious task of ensuring people''s safety they hold at every step. With colourful stories of her life-long fascination with buildings and her own hand-draTrade Review[Agrawal] weaves accessible explanations of scientific principles together with engaging historical stories and personal anecdotes…[a] timely and impassioned book * Guardian *Agrawal has a gift for rendering complex phenomena in simple terms...a real treat * Financial Times *Agrawal is a rarity: a female structural engineer in an adamantly male profession … She will inspire young women who are considering a career in engineering … [S]he shines when explaining the sorts of things people might be too shy to admit they find inherently fascinating * New York Times Book Review *Agrawal has just launched her first book, Built, the latest salvo in her crusade to get us to see the world “through different eyes, the eyes of an engineer” * i newspaper *A fascinating celebration of the impact that structural engineering has on all our lives…[an] eye-opening book * The Sunday Times *Roma makes the complex principles of structural engineering accessible to everyone with clear explanations and engaging illustrations. It has made me suddenly look at every building I pass in a new way * Ellen Stofan, former Chief Scientist at NASA *Roma Agrawal makes engineering thrilling, accessible and thoroughly enjoyable. Built is another great example of how women can write beautifully about so-called male subjects. Bring on the female engineers! -- Andrea Wulf, historian and author of The Invention of NatureA wonderfully absorbing book about an engineer and her passion for construction * Professor Mark Miodownik, materials engineer, broadcaster and author of Stuff Matters *A charming tribute to one woman’s love of engineering. Full of fascinating facts and personal stories * Angela Saini, author of Geek Nation *A necessary reminder of the wonderful human ingenuity behind the world’s greatest engineering projects, from Roman aqueducts to London’s magnificent Shard. Built will inspire readers of every stripe * Erica Wagner, author of Chief Engineer *A book about real engineering written by a real engineer who can really write * Henry Petroski, author of The Road Taken *A passionate, often personal love letter to the science of structure. Whether exploring Pompeii or assembling pineapple upside-down cake, Agrawal’s journey will change the way you look at the structures you take for granted * Jennifer Ouellette, author of The Calculus Diaries *Roma Agrawal is a much-needed role model for the next generation of engineers. Most girls never give a thought to civil engineering as a career. The book will change that * Rob Eastaway, mathematician and author of Any Ideas? Tips and Techniques for Creative Problem Solving *Roma Agrawal makes engineering thrilling, accessible and thoroughly enjoyable. Built is another great example of how women can write brilliantly about so-called male subjects. Bring on the female engineers! * Andrea Wulf, historian and author of Chasing Venus: The Race to Measure the Heavens *How come we have skyscrapers, bricks, bridges and tunnels? It’s down to structural engineers, but who are these awesome makers? Men in hard hats? Not necessarily! Roma Agrawal has helped to design some iconic structures that grace our cities. Here she gives an insider’s captivating account, so rich in history and so full of verve that she is bound to make others want to follow in her footsteps. Built reveals how human ingenuity keeps us safe from the raw forces of nature, all in a style that is down-to-earth as well as funny and personal * Uta Frith, psychologist and author of Autism: Explaining the Enigma *This fascination is communicated with flair and passion in a highly engaging debut book that will appeal to the engineer and the inquisitive layperson alike * E&T Magazine *
£11.69
Oxford University Press A Dictionary of Construction Surveying and Civil
Book SynopsisThis new edition of A Dictionary of Construction, Surveying, and Civil Engineering is the most up-to-date dictionary of its kind. In more than 8,000 entries it covers the key areas of civil and construction engineering, construction technology and practice, construction management techniques and processes, as well as legal aspects such as contracts and procurement.It has been updated with more than 600 new entries spanning subjects such as sustainability, new technologies, disaster management, and building software. New additions include terms such as Air source heat pump, hydraulic failure, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, off-site construction, predictive performance, sustainable development, and value engineering. Useful diagrams and web links complement the text, which also includes suggestions for further reading. With contributions from more than 130 experts from around the world, this dictionary is an authoritative resource for engineering students, construction profesTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgements A-Z text Further reading
£15.74
Taylor & Francis Ltd Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
Book SynopsisElectric and hybrid vehicles are now the present, not the future. This straightforward and highly illustrated full-colour textbook is endorsed by the Institute of the Motor Industry (IMI) and introduces the subject for further education and undergraduate students as well as technicians and workshop owners, with sections for drivers who are interested to know more.This new edition contains extensively updated content, especially on batteries, charging and the high-voltage pathway and includes all new case studies and new images, photos and flow charts throughout. It covers the different types of electric vehicle, costs and emissions and the charging infrastructure before moving on to explain how hybrid and electric vehicles work. A chapter on electrical technology introduces learners to subjects such as batteries, control systems and charging, which are then covered in more detail within their own chapters. The book also covers the maintenance and repair procedures of these veTable of Contents1. Introduction to electric vehicles. 2. Safe working, tools and hazard management. 3. Electrical and electronic principles. 4. Electric vehicle technology. 5. Batteries. 6. Motors and control systems. 7. Charging. 8. Maintenance, repairs, and replacement. 9. Diagnostics. 10. High voltage pathway for the independent workshop.
£37.99
Taylor & Francis The Complete Guide to Perspective Drawing
Book SynopsisAs a professional, understanding the foundations of drawing, how we process images, and how we interpret what we see are principal skills. Understanding linear perspective enables artists and architects to accurately communicate their ideas on paper. The Complete Guide to Perspective Drawing offers a step-by-step guide for the beginner as well as the advanced student on how to draw in one-point through six-point perspective and how to make scientifically accurate conceptual illustrations from simple to complex situations. This new edition has been updated to include:â Over 30 completed case images showing real applications of the processes and techniques discussedâ Expanded information on ellipsesâ Expanded information on three-point perspective shadowsâ Integrated video tutorials throughoutâ A new design for ease of navigation across chaptersWith over 400 simple, clear drawings, written explanations, video tutorials, exercises, as well as historical and theoretical background, this book is an essential visual guide for current and future architects, interior designers, landscape architects, graphic designers, video game designers, animators, and artists.
£39.99
Wiley-Blackwell Building Pathology Principles and Practice
Book Synopsis
£54.10
Sourcebooks, Inc The Things We Make
Book SynopsisThis book unravels the mysteries behind humanity''s greatest masterpieces. Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Think AgainDiscover the secret method used to build the worldFor millennia, humans have used one simple method to solve problems. Whether it''s planting crops, building skyscrapers, developing photographs, or designing the first microchip, all creators follow the same steps to engineer progress. But this powerful method, the engineering method, is an all but hidden process that few of us have heard oflet alone understandbut that influences every aspect of our lives.Bill Hammack, a Carl Sagan award-winning professor of engineering and viral The Engineer Guy on Youtube, has a lifelong passion for the things we make, and how we make them. Now, for the first time, he reveals the invisible method behind every invention and takes us on a whirlwind tour of how humans built the world we know today. From the grand
£11.99
Bloomsbury Publishing PLC Surveying for Engineers
Book SynopsisJOHN UREN is Senior Lecturer in Surveying in the School of Civil Engineering at the University of Leeds, UK.BILLPRICEwas until recently Principal Lecturer in Surveying in the School of Environment and Technology at the University of Brighton, UK.Both authors have written several books and contribute frequently to journals associated with land and engineering surveying.Table of ContentsIntroduction Levelling Angle Measurement Distance Measurement: Taping Total Stations Traversing and Coordinate Calculations Global Positioning System GPS Coordinates and Transformations Measurements, Errors and Specifications Detail Surveying and Plotting Setting Out Circular Curves Transition Curves Vertical Curves Earthwork Quantities Appendix Solutions.
£74.99
Taylor & Francis Pedagogy as Creative Practice in Architecture
Book SynopsisArchitectural education in the United Kingdom performs a difficult balancing act: meeting the requirements of professional accreditation bodies and preparing students for practice, while also offering a meaningful education for those who do not intend to become architects. Increasingly, professional pressures frame architectural education as training rather than as an exploratory, experimental process - one that equips students to face unpredictable future challenges in the profession and beyond.In response, many educators develop a hidden curriculum: an implicit set of values, methods, and priorities that sit alongside formal learning outcomes. This hidden curriculum tends to privilege curiosity, criticality, and open-ended inquiry, often through interdisciplinary and art-based approaches. Working in the gaps between what can be specified and what must be discovered, they complicate the âœuniversity-to-practice conveyor beltâ narrative and widen what architectural education can be.This book shines a light on those creative pedagogical practicesâworking within, and often despite, systemic pressures - and shows why they matter for the vitality of architectural education at a time of deep uncertainty across higher education. It is organised into two parts: Discussions, which offer in-depth explorations of current challenges, and Insights, which present a selection of case studies. Together, they argue for architectural education as a space that cultivates imagination, agency, and adaptive ways of thinking - qualities essential for shaping futures that are not yet known.The book provides essential reading for educators and advanced students of architecture.
£39.89
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Highway Engineering
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Companion Website xv 1 The Transportation Planning Process 1 1.1 Why Are Highways So Important? 1 1.2 The Administration of Highway Schemes 1 1.3 Sources of Funding 2 1.4 Highway Planning 3 1.4.1 Introduction 3 1.4.2 Travel Data 4 1.4.3 Highway Planning Strategies 6 1.4.3.1 Land-Use Transportation Approach 6 1.4.3.2 The Demand Management Approach 6 1.4.3.3 The Car-Centred Approach 7 1.4.3.4 The Public Transport-Centred Approach 7 1.4.4 Transportation Studies 7 1.4.4.1 Transportation Survey 7 1.4.4.2 Production and Use of Mathematical Models 8 1.5 The Decision-Making Process in Highway and Transport Planning 8 1.5.1 Introduction 8 1.5.2 Economic Assessment 10 1.5.3 Environmental Assessment 11 1.5.4 Public Consultation 12 1.6 Summary 13 References 13 2 Forecasting Future Traffic Flows 15 2.1 Basic Principles of Traffic Demand Analysis 15 2.2 Demand Modelling 16 2.3 Land-Use Models 18 2.4 Trip Generation 18 2.4.1 TRICS ® Database 23 2.5 Trip Distribution 24 2.5.1 Introduction 24 2.5.2 The Gravity Model 25 2.5.3 Growth Factor Models 30 2.5.4 The Furness Method 31 2.6 Modal Split 36 2.7 Traffic Assignment 41 2.8 A Full Example of the Four-Stage Transportation Modelling Process 46 2.8.1 Trip Production 46 2.8.2 Trip Distribution 47 2.8.3 Modal Split 50 2.8.4 Trip Assignment 52 2.9 ‘Decide and Provide’ Versus ‘Predict and Provide’ 53 2.10 Concluding Comments 54 Additional Problems 54 References 57 3 Scheme Appraisal for Highway Projects 59 3.1 Introduction 59 3.2 Economic Appraisal of Highway Schemes 60 3.3 Cba 61 3.3.1 Introduction 61 3.3.2 Identifying the Main Project Options 61 3.3.3 Identifying all Relevant Costs and Benefits 62 3.3.3.1 Reductions in VOCs 63 3.3.3.2 Savings in Time 63 3.3.3.3 Reduction in the Frequency of Accidents 64 3.3.4 Economic Life, Residual Value, and the Discount Rate 64 3.3.5 Use of Economic Indicators to Assess Basic Economic Viability 65 3.3.6 Highway CBA Worked Example 67 3.3.6.1 Introduction 67 3.3.6.2 Computation of Discounted Benefits and Costs 68 3.3.6.3 Npv 70 3.3.6.4 Benefit-Cost Ratio 70 3.3.6.5 Irr 70 3.3.6.6 Summary 70 3.3.7 Coba 70 3.3.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of CBA 71 3.4 Payback Analysis 73 3.5 Environmental Appraisal of Highway Schemes 75 3.6 The New Approach to Appraisal 80 3.6.1 Environment 81 3.6.1.1 Noise 81 3.6.1.2 Local Air Quality 81 3.6.1.3 Landscape 82 3.6.1.4 Biodiversity 82 3.6.1.5 Heritage 82 3.6.1.6 Water 82 3.6.1.7 Safety 83 3.6.1.8 Economy 83 3.6.1.9 Journey Times and VOCs 83 3.6.1.10 Costs 83 3.6.1.11 Reliability 83 3.6.1.12 Regeneration 83 3.6.1.13 Accessibility 84 3.6.1.14 Pedestrians, Cyclists, and Equestrians 84 3.6.1.15 Access to Public Transport 85 3.6.1.16 Community Severance 85 3.6.1.17 Integration 85 3.7 NATA Refresh 86 3.7.1 Changes to the AST 86 3.7.2 Enhanced Presentation of Monetary Impacts 87 3.7.3 More Detailed Relationship Between Benefit-Cost Ratio and Value for Money 87 3.8 Transport Analysis Guidance: The Transport Appraisal Process 87 3.9 Project Management Guidelines 89 3.10 Common Appraisal Framework for Transport Projects and Programmes 90 3.11 Summary 91 References 91 4 Basic Elements of Highway Traffic Analysis 93 4.1 Introduction 93 4.2 Surveying Road Traffic 93 4.2.1 Introduction 93 4.2.2 Vehicle Surveys 94 4.2.2.1 Introduction 94 4.2.2.2 Manual Counts 94 4.2.2.3 Automatic Counts 94 4.2.3 Speed Surveys 95 4.2.4 Delay/Queuing Surveys 96 4.2.5 Area-Wide Surveys 96 4.2.5.1 Introduction 96 4.2.5.2 Roadside Interview Surveys 97 4.2.5.3 Self-Completion Forms 97 4.2.5.4 Registration Plate Surveys 97 4.3 Journey Speed and Travel Time Surveys 98 4.3.1 Introduction 98 4.3.2 The Moving Observer Method 98 4.4 Speed, Flow, and Density of a Stream of Traffic 103 4.4.1 Speed–Density Relationship 103 4.4.2 Flow–Density Relationship 104 4.4.3 Speed–Flow Relationship 105 4.5 Headway Distributions in Highway Traffic Flow 109 4.5.1 Introduction 109 4.5.2 Negative Exponential Headway Distribution 110 4.5.3 Limitations of the Poisson System for Modelling Headway 114 4.6 Queuing Analysis 114 4.6.1 Introduction 114 4.6.2 The D/D/1 Queuing Model 114 4.6.3 The M/D/1 Queuing Model 118 4.6.4 The M/M/1 Queuing Model 119 4.6.5 The M/M/N Queuing Model 120 Additional Problems 123 References 128 5 Determining the Capacity of a Highway 129 5.1 Introduction 129 5.2 The ‘Level of Service’ Approach Using the Transportation Research Board 129 5.2.1 Introduction 129 5.2.2 Some Definitions 131 5.2.3 Maximum Service Flow Rates for Multilane Highways 131 5.2.4 Maximum Service Flow Rates for Two-Lane Highways 137 5.2.5 Sizing a Road Using the Highway Capacity Manual Approach 140 5.3 The 2010 Highway Capacity Manual – Analysis of Capacity and Level of Service for Multi-Lane and Two-Lane Highways 143 5.3.1 Introduction 143 5.3.2 Capacity and Level of Service of Multilane Highways (2010 Highway Capacity Manual) 143 5.3.2.1 Flow Characteristics Under Base Conditions 143 5.3.2.2 Capacity of Multilane Highway Segments 144 5.3.2.3 Level of Service (LOS) for Multilane Highway Segments 144 5.3.2.4 Required Data for the LOS Computation 144 5.3.2.5 Computing LOS for a Multilane Highway 145 5.3.3 Capacity and Level of Service of Two-Lane Highways 150 5.3.3.1 Flow Characteristics Under Base Conditions 150 5.3.3.2 Capacity and Level of Service 150 5.3.3.3 Required Input Data and Default Values 151 5.3.3.4 Demand Volumes and Flow Rates 152 5.3.3.5 Computing LOS and Capacity for a Two-Lane Highway 152 5.3.3.6 Determining Level of Service for Class 1 Two-Lane Highways 154 5.3.3.7 Determining the Level of Service for Class 2 Two-Lane Highways 161 5.3.3.8 Determining the Level of service for Class 3 Two-Lane Highways 166 5.4 The 2016 Highway Capacity Manual – Analysis of Capacity and Level of Service for Multi-Lane Highways 167 5.4.1 Introduction 167 5.4.2 Capacity and Level of Service of Multilane Highways (2016 Highway Capacity Manual) 167 5.4.2.1 Speed Versus Flow 167 5.4.2.2 Baseline Conditions and Capacity 167 5.4.2.3 Determining Free-Flow Speed 168 5.4.2.4 Determination of Incident Flow Rate 168 5.4.2.5 Calculation of Density and Determination of Level of Service 168 5.5 The UK Approach for Rural Roads 170 5.5.1 Introduction 170 5.5.2 Estimation of AADT for a Rural Road in Its Year of Opening 171 5.6 The UK Approach to Urban Roads 173 5.6.1 Introduction 173 5.6.2 Forecast Flows on Urban Roads 174 5.7 Expansion of 12- and 16-Hour Traffic Counts into AADT Flows 177 5.8 Concluding Comments 178 Additional Problems 179 References 181 6 The Design of Highway Intersections 183 6.1 Introduction 183 6.2 Deriving DRFs from Baseline Traffic Figures 184 6.2.1 Existing Junctions 184 6.2.2 New Junctions 184 6.2.3 Short-Term Variations in Flow 184 6.2.4 Conversion of AADT to Highest Hourly Flows 185 6.3 Major/Minor Priority Intersections 185 6.3.1 Introduction 185 6.3.2 Equations for Determining Capacities and Delays 189 6.3.3 Geometric Layout Details 196 6.3.3.1 Horizontal Alignment 196 6.3.3.2 Vertical Alignment 196 6.3.3.3 Visibility 196 6.3.3.4 Dedicated Lane on the Major Road for Right-Turning Vehicles 196 6.4 Roundabout Intersections 197 6.4.1 Introduction 197 6.4.2 Types of a Roundabout 199 6.4.2.1 Mini-Roundabout 199 6.4.2.2 Normal Roundabout 200 6.4.2.3 Double Roundabout 200 6.4.2.4 Other Forms 201 6.4.3 Traffic Capacity at Roundabouts 203 6.4.3.1 Drf 205 6.4.4 Geometric Details 209 6.4.4.1 Entry Width 209 6.4.4.2 Entry Angle 209 6.4.4.3 Entry Radius 209 6.4.4.4 Entry Deflection/Entry Path Radius 210 6.4.4.5 Icd 210 6.4.4.6 Circulatory Carriageway 210 6.4.4.7 Main Central Island 210 6.5 Basics of Traffic Signal Control: Optimisation and Delays 210 6.5.1 Introduction 210 6.5.2 Phasing at a Signalised Intersection 212 6.5.3 Saturation Flow 212 6.5.4 Effective Green Time 217 6.5.5 Optimum Cycle Time 217 6.5.6 Average Vehicle Delays at the Approach to a Signalised Intersection 220 6.5.7 Average Queue Lengths at the Approach to a Signalised Intersection 222 6.5.8 Signal Linkage 223 6.6 Concluding Remarks 228 Additional Problems 228 References 230 7 Geometric Alignment and Design 233 7.1 Basic Physical Elements of a Highway 233 7.1.1 Main Carriageway 233 7.1.2 Central Reservation 233 7.1.3 Hard Shoulders/Hard Strips/Verges 234 7.2 Design Speed and Stopping and Overtaking Sight Distances 237 7.2.1 Introduction 237 7.2.2 Urban Roads 238 7.2.3 Rural Roads 239 7.2.3.1 Statutory Constraint 239 7.2.3.2 Layout Constraint 239 7.2.3.3 Alignment Constraint 240 7.2.3.4 New/Upgraded Rural Roads 242 7.3 Geometric Parameters Dependent on Design Speed 244 7.4 Sight Distances 244 7.4.1 Introduction 244 7.4.2 Stopping Sight Distance 245 7.4.3 Overtaking Sight Distance 246 7.5 Horizontal Alignment 248 7.5.1 General 248 7.5.2 Deriving the Minimum Radius Equation 248 7.5.3 Horizontal Curves and Sight Distances 251 7.5.3.1 Alternative Method for Computing Ms 253 7.5.4 Transitions 254 7.5.4.1 Shift 255 7.6 Vertical Alignment 258 7.6.1 General 258 7.6.2 K Values 259 7.6.3 Visibility and Comfort Criteria 260 7.6.4 Parabolic Formula 260 7.6.5 Crossfalls 263 7.6.6 Vertical Crest Curve Design and Sight Distance Requirements 264 7.6.6.1 Derivation of Crest Curve Formulae 265 7.6.7 Vertical Sag Curve Design and Sight Distance Requirements 269 7.6.7.1 Driver Comfort 269 7.6.7.2 Clearance from Structures 269 7.6.7.3 Sag Curves in Night-Time Conditions 270 Additional Problems 271 References 274 8 Highway Pavement Materials 275 8.1 Introduction 275 8.2 Pavement Components: Terminology 275 8.3 Soils at Subformation Level 279 8.4 Materials in Foundations 279 8.5 Materials in Flexible Pavements 280 8.5.1 Bitumen 280 8.5.2 Asphalt Concrete (Coated Macadams) 281 8.5.3 Hot Rolled Asphalt 282 8.5.4 Aggregates 282 8.5.5 Designation of Asphalt Materials Used in Flexible Pavements 282 8.6 Concrete in Rigid Pavements 284 8.7 Surfacing Materials 285 8.7.1 Surface Dressing and Modified Binders 285 8.7.1.1 Cutback Bitumen 285 8.7.1.2 Bituminous Emulsions 285 8.7.1.3 Chippings 286 8.8 Stiffness Modulus 286 8.9 Measurement and Testing of Material and Pavement Properties 289 8.9.1 CBR Test 289 8.9.2 Determination of CBR Using Plasticity Index 292 8.9.2.1 Liquid Limit 292 8.9.2.2 Plastic Limit 292 8.9.2.3 Plasticity Index 292 8.9.2.4 Using I P and Soil Type to Derive CBR 292 8.9.3 Using CBR to Estimate Stiffness Modulus 293 8.9.4 Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) 293 8.9.5 Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) 297 8.9.6 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) 298 8.9.7 Penetration Test for Bitumen 298 8.9.8 Softening Point of Bitumen 299 8.9.9 Polished Stone Value (PSV) 300 8.9.10 Aggregate Abrasion Value (AAV) 300 8.9.11 Patch Test 300 Additional Problems 301 References 302 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges 302 Standards 302 Other Government Publications 303 Other References 303 9 Design and Construction of Highway Pavements 305 9.1 Introduction and Design Approach 305 9.2 Sustainability and Good Road Design 306 9.3 Whole-Life Cost Analysis 307 9.4 Traffic Loading 307 9.4.1.1 Commercial Vehicle Flow (F) 309 9.4.1.2 Growth Factor (G) 309 9.4.1.3 Wear Factor (W) 310 9.4.1.4 Design Period (Y) 310 9.4.1.5 Percentage of Vehicles in the Heaviest Loaded Lane (P) 311 9.5 Foundation Design 314 9.5.1 Introduction 314 9.5.2 Restricted Foundation Design Method 316 9.5.3 Performance Design Method 319 9.5.3.1 Design Charts for Foundation Layer Thickness: Performance Design 321 9.5.3.2 Testing Foundation Surface Modulus on Demonstration Area and During Construction 322 9.5.4 Drainage and Frost 323 9.6 Pavement Design 324 9.6.1 Design of Flexible Pavements 325 9.6.2 Design of Rigid Pavements 328 9.6.2.1 Continuously Reinforced Concrete 328 9.6.2.2 Roller Compacted Concrete 331 9.6.2.3 Jointed Concrete Pavements 332 9.7 Construction of Flexible Pavements 334 9.7.1 Construction of Bituminous Road Surfacings 334 9.7.1.1 Transporting and Placing 335 9.7.1.2 Compaction of the Bituminous mix 336 9.7.1.3 Application of Coated Chippings to Smooth Surfacings 336 9.8 Construction of Rigid Pavements 336 9.8.1 Concrete Slab and Joint Details 336 9.8.1.1 Joints in Concrete Pavements 337 9.8.2 Reinforcement 339 Additional Problems 339 References 340 Design Manual for Roads and Bridges 340 Standards 341 Other Government Publications 341 Other References 342 10 Pavement Maintenance 343 10.1 Introduction 343 10.2 Pavement Deterioration 343 10.3 Compiling Information on the Pavement’s Condition 345 10.3.1 Introduction 345 10.3.2 Traffic-Speed Surveys of Surface and Structural Condition 346 10.3.3 Traffic-Speed Surveys of Skidding Resistance 348 10.3.3.1 Skidding Resistance 348 10.3.3.2 Measurement of Skidding Resistance 349 10.3.4 Visual Condition Surveys 350 10.3.5 Cores 351 10.3.6 Dynamic Cone Penetrometer 351 10.3.7 Deflectograph 351 10.3.8 Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) 353 10.3.9 Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) 354 10.3.10 Other Investigation Techniques 354 10.4 Forms of Maintenance 354 10.4.1 Flexible Pavements 355 10.4.2 Rigid Pavements 357 References 359 11 The Highway Engineer and the Development Process 361 11.1 Introduction 361 11.2 Transport Assessments 362 11.2.1 Introduction 362 11.2.2 Identifying the Need for an Assessment 362 11.2.3 Preparing a TA 363 11.2.3.1 Description of On-Site Existing Baseline Conditions 364 11.2.3.2 Definition of the Proposed Development 365 11.2.3.3 Setting the Assessment Years for Which Capacity Analyses Are Carried Out 365 11.2.3.4 Setting the Analysis Periods for Which Capacity Analyses Are Carried Out 365 11.2.3.5 Estimation of Trips Generated by the Proposal 366 11.2.4 Final Comment 367 11.3 Travel Plans 367 11.3.1 Introduction 367 11.3.2 Thresholds 367 11.3.3 When Is a Travel Plan Required? 368 11.3.4 What Information Should Be Included Within a Travel Plan? 369 11.3.4.1 Appointment of a Travel Plan Coordinator 369 11.3.4.2 Initial Monitoring Process 369 11.3.4.3 Setting Targets for Modal Split 370 11.3.4.4 Monitoring How Things Have Changed 370 11.3.5 Mobility Management Plans in Ireland 371 11.4 Road Safety Audits 372 11.4.1 Principles Underlying the Road Safety Audit Process 372 11.4.2 Definition of Road Safety Audit 373 11.4.3 Stages Within Road Safety Audits 374 11.4.4 Road Safety Audit Response Report 375 11.4.5 Checklists for Use Within the RSA Process 376 11.4.6 Risk Analysis 378 11.4.7 Conclusions 381 References 381 12 Defining Sustainability in Transportation Engineering 383 12.1 Introduction 383 12.2 Social Sustainability 383 12.3 Environmental Sustainability 383 12.4 Economic Sustainability 384 12.5 The Four Pillars of Sustainable Transport Planning 384 12.5.1 Put Appropriate Governance in Place 385 12.5.2 Provide Efficient Long-Term Finance 385 12.5.3 Make Strategic Investments in Major Infrastructure 385 12.5.4 Support Investments Through Local Design 386 12.5.5 Concluding Comments 386 12.6 How Will Urban Areas Adapt to the Need for Increased Sustainability? 386 12.7 The Role of the Street in Sustainable Transport Planning 387 12.7.1 Street Classification System 387 12.7.2 Designing an Individual Street 387 12.7.2.1 Introduction 387 12.7.2.2 A Rational Approach to Speed in Urban Areas 389 12.7.3 The Pedestrian Environment 390 12.7.3.1 General Design Principles of Footpaths 390 12.7.4 Design for Cycling 392 12.7.4.1 Cycling Design Criteria 392 12.7.4.2 Design Guidelines 393 12.7.5 Carriageway Widths on Urban Roads and Streets 396 12.7.6 Surfaces 396 12.7.7 Junction Design in an Urban Setting 398 12.7.8 Forward Visibility/Visibility Splays 399 12.8 Public Transport 400 12.8.1 Bus and Rail Services in Cities 400 12.8.2 Design of Street Network to Accommodate Bus Services 401 12.9 Using Performance Indicators to Ensure a More Balanced Transport Policy 402 12.9.1 The Traditional Approach 402 12.9.2 Using LOS to Measure the Quality of Pedestrian Facilities 402 12.9.2.1 Introduction 402 12.9.2.2 Formulae for Estimation of Link-Based Pedestrian LOS 404 12.9.2.3 Free-Flow Walking Speed 405 12.9.2.4 Average Pedestrian Space 405 12.9.2.5 Pedestrian LOS Score (I p, link) 405 12.9.2.6 Determining Link-Based Pedestrian LOS 406 12.9.3 Using LOS to Measure the Quality of Cycling Facilities 408 12.9.3.1 Formulae for Estimation of Link-Based Bicycle LOS 408 12.9.3.2 Determining Link-Based Bicycle LOS 410 12.9.4 Measuring the Quality of Public Transport Using LOS 412 12.9.4.1 Acceleration-Deceleration Delay 414 12.9.4.2 Delay Due to Serving Passengers 414 12.9.4.3 Re-entry Delay (d re) 414 12.10 A Sustainable Parking Policy 419 12.10.1 Introduction 419 12.10.2 Seminal Work of Donald Shoup in the United States 419 12.10.3 The Pioneering ABC Location Policy in the Netherlands 420 12.10.4 Possible Future Sustainable Parking Strategies 421 References 422 Index 423
£48.40
John Wiley & Sons Inc Data Governance For Dummies
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Data Everywhere 5 Chapter 1: Defining Data Governance 7 Chapter 2: Exploring a World Awash in Data 23 Chapter 3: Driving Value through Data 41 Chapter 4: Transforming through Data 55 Part 2: Delivering Data Governance 75 Chapter 5: Building the Business Case for Data Governance 77 Chapter 6: Focusing on the Fundamentals of Data Governance 91 Part 3: Developing Data Governance 105 Chapter 7: Establishing Data Governance Objectives 107 Chapter 8: Identifying Data Governance Roles and Responsibilities 121 Chapter 9: Designing a Data Governance Program 139 Chapter 10: Deploying a Data Governance Program 157 Part 4: Democratizing Data 183 Chapter 11: Running a Successful Data Governance Program 185 Chapter 12: Measuring and Monitoring a Data Governance Program 209 Chapter 13: Responding to Data Governance Challenges and Risks. 227 Part 5: The Part of Tens 243 Chapter 14: Ten Data Governance Best Practices 245 Chapter 15: Ten Essential Data Governance Stakeholders 255 Index 263
£21.24
John Wiley & Sons Inc Williss Elements of Quantity Surveying
Book Synopsis
£37.95
Pen & Sword Books Ltd Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Book SynopsisIsambard Kingdom Brunel. Three names. Three people in one. Born in Portsmouth on 9 April 1806, there was Brunel the great engineer, who would habitually throw out the rule book of tradition and established practice, and start again with a blank sheet of paper, taking the technology of the day to its limits and then going another mile. Then there was Brunel the visionary, who knew that transport technology had the power to change the world, and that he had the ability to deliver those changes. Finally, there was Brunel the artist who rarely saw technology as just functional, and strove to entwine the fruits of the Industrial Revolution with the elegance and grace of the neo-classical painter. His bridges, tunnels and railway infrastructure have entered a third century of regular use, and the beauty of their design and structure has rarely been equalled. The three decades, from the 1830s to the 1850s, saw an explosion of technical excellence, and it was Brunel who in so many cases lit the blue touch paper. He did not always get it right first time, and it was left to others to reap the fruits of his many labours. Nevertheless, his actions fast-forwarded the march of progress by several decades.Trade Review"...extensively illustrated with period and modern day illustrations, including technical drawings and fine art. The writing is fluid and engaging, easy on the technical minutia and presents a nuanced picture of a complex person."-- "SpeedReaders.info"
£15.29
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Handbuch zu DIN 4109 - Schallschutz im Hochbau:
Book SynopsisMit der neun Teile umfassenden Neuausgabe der DIN 4109 von Juli 2016 wurden die baurechtlichen Mindestanforderungen an die Schalldämmung neu gefasst. Die bisherigen Anforderungen und Berechnungsverfahren wurden grundlegend überarbeitet. Neu hinzugekommen ist ein Bauteilkatalog sowie ein Nachweisverfahren für den Schallschutz im Baugenehmigungsverfahren. Somit ist die neue DIN 4109 unverzichtbar für die bauakustische Planung und Erstellung von bauaufsichtlichen Schallschutznachweisen. Aufgrund der gravierenden Änderungen stellt sie die Anwender bei der Umsetzung der neuen Anforderungen aber auch vor große Herausforderungen. An diesem Punkt setzt das neue Handbuch zur DIN 4109 an: es stellt Bauingenieuren, Architekten, Bauakustikern, Bauphysikern, Sachverständigen, Herstellern, aber auch Lehrenden und Studierenden ein umfassendes Kompendium zur Norm und ihrer praktischen Anwendung zur Verfügung. Das "Handbuch zu DIN 4109" versteht sich als Einführung in eine an den Grundlagen der Bauakustik orientierte Planung des baulichen Schallschutzes, als kritische Auseinandersetzung mit der neuen Norm und als Nachschlagewerk zu Fragen ihrer praktischen Anwendung. Das Werk gibt einen Überblick über die Entstehung und Entwicklung der Norm und die Änderungen gegenüber der Vorgängerausgabe von 1989. Die Autoren erläutern leicht verständlich fachliche und normungstechnische Grundlagen sowie die Anwendung der neuen Anforderungen und Nachweisverfahren in der Praxis. Die wesentlichen Passagen aller neun Teile der Norm werden ausführlich kommentiert und durch Anwendungsfälle und -beispiele veranschaulicht. Das Zusammenwirken mit weiteren Richtlinien und Regelwerken wie z. B. der DIN EN 12354 wird aufgezeigt. Da sich die neuen Berechnungsverfahren an den physikalischen Grundsätzen der Bauakustik orientieren, werden auch diese in Grundzügen umrissen, um das Verständnis zu verbessern. Aufbau der neuen DIN 4109 - DIN 4109-1:2016-07 Schallschutz im Hochbau - Teil 1: Mindestanforderungen - DIN 4109-2:2016-07 Teil 2: Rechnerische Nachweise der Erfüllung der Anforderungen - DIN 4109-4:2016-07 Teil 4: Bauakustische Prüfungen - DIN 4109-31:2016-07 Teil 31: Daten für die rechnerischen Nachweise des Schallschutzes (Bauteilkatalog) - Rahmendokument - DIN 4109-32:2016-07 Teil 32: Bauteilkatalog - Massivbau - DIN 4109-33:2016-07 Teil 33: Bauteilkatalog - Holz-, Leicht- und Trockenbau - DIN 4109-34:2016-07 Teil 34: Bauteilkatalog - Vorsatzkonstruktionen vor massiven Bauteilen - DIN 4109-35:2016-07 Teil 35: Bauteilkatalog - Elemente, Fenster, Türen, Vorhangfassaden - DIN 4109-36:2016-07 Teil 36: Bauteilkatalog - Gebäudetechnische AnlagenTable of ContentsVorwort der Autoren Danksagung Autorenporträts 1 Einführung 1.1 Bedeutung der DIN 4109 1.2 Notwendigkeit der Neuerarbeitung 1.3 Geschichte der DIN 4109 1.4 Konzept der neuen DIN 4109 1.5 Gliederung der neuen DIN 4109 1.6 Grundbegriffe der Bauakustik 1.7 Kenngrößen des baulichen Schallschutzes 2 DIN 4109-1-Mindestanforderungen 2.1 Grundlagen, Übersicht und Allgemeines 2.2 Luft- und Trittschalldämmung in Gebäuden mit Wohn- oder Arbeitsbereichen 2.3 Luft- und Trittschalldämmung in Nichtwohngebäuden 2.4 Anforderungen an die Luftschalldämmung von Außenbauteilen 2.5 Anforderungen an die Luft- und Trittschalldämmung zwischen ?besonders lauten? und schutzbedürftigen Räumen 2.6 Schalldruckpegel von gebäudetechnischen Anlagen und baulich mit dem Gebäude verbundenen Gewerbebetrieben 2.7 Weitere Angaben zum Schallschutz 3 DIN 4109-2 3.1 Einführung und Grundlagen zu den neuen Berechnungsverfahren 3.2 Luftschalldämmung: Berechnung und Nachweise 3.3 Trittschalldämmung: Berechnung und Nachweise 3.4 Nachweis für den Außenlärm 3.5 Nachweise für gebäudetechnische Anlagen 4 DIN 4109-31 bis 36: Bauteilkatalog 4.1 DIN 4109-31: Rahmendokument 4.2 DIN 4109-32: Massivbau 4.3 DIN 4109-33: Holz-, Leicht- und Trockenbau 4.4 DIN 4109-34: Vorsatzkonstruktionen 4.5 DIN 4109-35: Elemente, Fenster, Türen, Vorhangfassaden 4.6 DIN 4109-36: Gebäudetechnische Anlagen 5 Messtechnische Nachweise: DIN 4109-4 5.1 abP und Eignungsprüfungen 5.2 Güteprüfungen 5.3 Nationale Abweichungen 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Stichwortverzeichnis
£76.50
McGraw-Hill Education Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for
Book SynopsisApplied Numerical Methods with MATLAB is designed to support a one-semester course in numerical methods. It has been written for students who want to learn and apply numerical methods in order to solve problems in engineering and science. As such, the methods are motivated by problems rather than by mathematics. That said, sufficient theory is provided so students come away with insight into the techniques and their shortcomings.This title will be available in Connect, featuring SmartBook, the MHeBook, and homework problems. Instructor Resources available for this title include: Image Library, Instructor Solutions Manual, Lecture PowerPoints, and MatLab Files.Table of Contents1 Mathematical Modeling, Numerical Methods, and Problem Solving2 MATLAB Fundamentals3 Programming with MATLAB4 Roundoff and Truncation Errors5 Roots: Bracketing Methods6 Roots: Open Methods7 Optimization8 Linear Algebraic Equations and Matrices9 Gauss Elimination10 LU Factorization11 Matrix Inverse and Condition12 Iterative Methods13 Eigenvalues14 Linear Regression15 General Linear Least-Squares and Nonlinear Regression16 Fourier Analysis17 Polynomial Interpolation18 Splines and Piecewise Interpolation19 Numerical Integration Formulas20 Numerical Integration of Functions21 Numerical Differentiation22 Initial-Value Problems23 Adaptive Methods and Stiff Systems24 Boundary-Value Problems
£48.59
Transportation Research Board National Research Highway Capacity Manual 7th Edition A Guide for
Book Synopsis
£170.85
Cengage Learning, Inc Principles of Foundation Engineering SI
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Introduction. Geotechnical Engineering. Foundation Engineering. Soil Exploration. Ground Improvement. Solution Methods. Numerical Modeling. Empiricism. Literature. References. Part I: GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL EXPLORATION. 2. Geotechnical Properties of Soil. Introduction. Grain-Size Distribution. Size Limits for Soil. Weight-Volume Relationships. Relative Density. Atterberg Limits. Liquidity Index. Activity. Soil Classification Systems. Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil. Steady-State Seepage. Effective Stress. Consolidation. Calculation of Primary Consolidation Settlement. Time Rate of Consolidation. Range of Coefficient of Consolidation, cv. Degree of Consolidation Under Ramp Loading. Shear Strength. Unconfined Compression Test. Comments on Friction Angle, ��'. Correlations of Undrained Shear Strength, cu. Sensitivity. Summary. Problems. References. 3. Natural Soil Deposits and Subsoil Exploration. Introduction. Natural Soil Deposits. Soil Origin. Residual Soil. Gravity-Transported Soil. Alluvial Deposits. Lacustrine Deposits. Glacial Deposits. Aeolian Soil Deposits. Organic Soil. Some Local Terms for Soil. Subsurface Exploration. Purpose of Subsurface Exploration. Subsurface Exploration Program. Exploratory Borings in the Field. Procedures for Sampling Soil. Split-Spoon Sampling and Standard Penetration Test. Sampling with a Scraper Bucket. Sampling with a Thin-Walled Tube. Sampling with a Piston Sampler. Observation of Water Tables. Vane Shear Test. Cone Penetration Test. Pressuremeter Test (PMT). Dilatometer Test. Iowa Borehole Shear Test. K0 Stepped-Blade Test. Coring of Rocks. Preparation of Boring Logs. Geophysical Exploration. Subsoil Exploration Report. Summary. Problems. References. Part II: SOIL IMPROVEMENT. 4. Soil Improvement and Ground Modification. Introduction. General Principles of Compaction. Empirical Relationships for Compaction. Field Compaction. Compaction Control for Clay Hydraulic Barriers. Vibroflotation. Blasting. Precompression. Sand Drains. Prefabricated Vertical Drains. Lime Stabilization. Cement Stabilization. Fly-Ash Stabilization. Stone Columns. Sand Compaction Piles. Dynamic Compaction. Jet Grouting. Deep Mixing. Summary. Problems. References. Part III: FOUNDATION ANALYSIS. 5. Shallow Foundations: Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Introduction. General Concept. Terzaghi���s Bearing Capacity Theory. Factor of Safety. Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table. The General Bearing Capacity Equation. Other Solutions for Bearing Capacity, Shape, Depth, and Inclination Factors. Case Studies on Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Effect of Soil Compressibility. Scale Effect on Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Eccentrically Loaded Foundations. Ultimate Bearing Capacity Under Eccentric Loading-One-Way Eccentricity. Bearing Capacity of a Continuous Foundation Subjected to Eccentrically Inclined Loading. Summary. Problems. References. 6. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations: Special Cases. Introduction. Bearing Capacity of Foundation on Anisotropic Sand. Bearing Capacity of Continuous Foundation Subjected to Normal Load. Foundation Supported by a Soil with a Rigid Base at Shallow Depth. Foundations on Layered Clay. Bearing Capacity of Layered Soil: Stronger Soil Underlain by Weaker Soil. Bearing Capacity of Layered Soil: Weaker Soil Underlain by Stronger Soil. Continuous Foundation on Weak Clay with a Granular Trench. Closely Spaced Foundations-Effect on Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Top of a Slope. Bearing Capacity of Foundations on a Slope. Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement in Granular Soil. Foundations on Rock. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Wedge-Shaped Foundation. Summary. Problems. References. 7. Vertical Stress Increase in Soil. Introduction. Stress Due to a Concentrated Load. Stress Due to a Circularly Loaded Area. Stress Due to a Line Load. Stress Below a Vertical Strip Load of Finite Width and Infinite Length. Stress Below a Horizontal Strip Load of Finite Width and Infinite Length. Symmetrical Vertical Triangular Strip Load on the Surface. Vertical Stress Increase Below a Flexible Circular Area-Parabolic and Conical Loading. Stress Below a Rectangular Area. Average Vertical Stress Increase Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area. Average Vertical Stress Increase Below the Center of a Circularly Loaded Area. Stress Increase under an Embankment. Westergaard's Solution for Vertical Stress Due to a Point Load. Stress Distribution for Westergaard Material. Summary. Problems. References. 8. Settlement of Shallow Foundations. Introduction. Elastic Settlement of Shallow Foundation on Saturated Clay. Elastic Settlement in Granular Soil. Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity. Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement. Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor. Settlement of Foundation on Sand Based on Standard Penetration Resistance. Settlement Based on Pressuremeter Test (PMT). Settlement Estimation Using the L1 - L2 Method. Consolidation Settlement. Primary Consolidation Settlement Relationships. Three-Dimensional Effect on Primary Consolidation Settlement. Settlement Due to Secondary Consolidation. Field Load Test. Presumptive Bearing Capacity. Tolerable Settlement of Buildings. Improvement of Soil for Shallow Foundation Construction. Summary. Problems. References. 9. Mat Foundations. Introduction. Combined Footings. Common Types of Mat Foundations. Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations. Differential Settlement of Mats. Field Settlement Observations for Mat Foundations. Compensated Foundation. Structural Design of Mat Foundations. Summary. Problems. References 10. Uplift Capacity of Shallow Foundations and Helical Anchors. Introduction. Foundations on Granular Soil. Foundations on Cohesive Soil. General Dimensions of a Helical Anchor. Geometrical Parameters, Failure Mode in Sand, and Ultimate Load Determination. Deep Helical Anchors in Sand. Helical Anchors in Clay (�� = 0 Condition). Summary. Problems. References. 11. Pile Foundations. Introduction. Pile Materials. Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Piles. Estimating Pile Length. Installation of Piles. Load Transfer Mechanism. Equations for Estimating Pile Capacity. Meyerhof's Method for Estimating Qp. Janbu���s Method-Estimation of Qp. Vesic's Method for Estimating Qp. Coyle and Castello's Method for Estimating Qp in Sand. Correlations for Calculating Qp with SPT and CPT Results in Granular Soil. Frictional Resistance (Qs) in Sand. Comparison of Theory with Field Load Test Results (Granular Soil). Frictional (Skin) Resistance in Clay. Ultimate Capacity of Continuous Flight Auger Pile. Point Bearing Capacity of Piles Resting on Rock. Pile Load Tests. Elastic Settlement of Piles. Laterally Loaded Piles. Pile-Driving Formulas. Pile Capacity for Vibration-Driven Piles. Wave Equation Analysis. Negative Skin Friction. Group Piles. Group Efficiency. Ultimate Capacity of Group Piles in Saturated Clay. Elastic Settlement of Group Piles. Consolidation Settlement of Group Piles. Piles in Rock. Summary. Problems. References. 12. Drilled Shaft Foundations. Introduction. Types of Drilled Shafts. Construction Procedures. Other Design Considerations. Load Transfer Mechanism. Estimation of Load-Bearing Capacity. Load-Bearing Capacity in Granular Soil. Load-Bearing Capacity in Granular Soil Based on Settlement. Load-Bearing Capacity in Clay. Load-Bearing Capacity in Clay Based on Settlement. Settlement of Drilled Shafts at Working Load. Lateral Load-Carrying Capacity-Characteristic Load and Moment Method. Drilled Shafts Extending into Rock. Summary. Problems. References. 13. Foundations on Difficult Soil. Introduction. Collapsible Soil. Definition and Types of Collapsible Soil. Physical Parameters for Identification. Procedure for Calculating Collapse Settlement. Foundations in Soil Not Susceptible to Wetting. Foundations in Soil Susceptible to Wetting. Expansive Soils. General Nature of Expansive Soil. Unrestrained Swell Test. Swelling Pressure Test. Classification of Expansive Soil on the Basis of Index Tests. Foundation Considerations for Expansive Soil. Construction on Expansive Soil. Sanitary Landfills. General Nature of Sanitary Landfills. Settlement of Sanitary Landfills. Summary. Problems. References. Part IV: LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE AND EARTH-RETAINING STRUCTURES. 14. Lateral Earth Pressure. Introduction. Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest. Active Pressure. Rankine Active Earth Pressure. A Generalized Case for Rankine Active Pressure-Granular Backfill. Rankine Active Pressure with Vertical Wall Backface and Inclined c'-��' Soil Backfill. Coulomb's Active Earth Pressure. Active Earth Pressure for Translation of Retaining Wall-Granular Backfill. Lateral Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge. Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Conditions-Granular Backfill. Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Condition (Vertical Backface of Wall and c'-��' Backfill). Passive Pressure. Rankine Passive Earth Pressure. A Generalized Case for Rankine Passive Pressure-Granular Backfill. Coulomb's Passive Earth Pressure. Comments on the Failure Surface Assumption for Coulomb���s Pressure Calculations. Caquot and Kerisel Solution for Passive Earth Pressure (Granular Backfill). Solution for Passive Pressure by Shields and Tolunay (1973) (Granular Backfill). Summary. Problems. References. 15. Retaining Walls. Introduction. Gravity and Cantilever Walls. Proportioning Retaining Walls. Application of Lateral Earth Pressure Theories to Design. Equivalent Fluid Method for Determination of Earth Pressure. Stability of Retaining Walls. Check for Overturning. Check for Sliding Along the Base. Check for Bearing Capacity Failure. Construction Joints and Drainage from Backfill. Comments on Design of Retaining Walls. Gravity Retaining-Wall Design for Earthquake Conditions. Mechanically Stabilized Retaining Walls. Soil Reinforcement. Considerations in Soil Reinforcement. General Design Considerations. Retaining Walls with Metallic Strip Reinforcement. Step-by-Step-Design Procedure Using Metallic Strip Reinforcement. Retaining Walls with Geotextile Reinforcement. Retaining Walls with Geogrid Reinforcement-General. Design Procedure for Geogrid-Reinforced Retaining Wall. Summary. Problems. References. 16. Sheet-Pile Walls. Introduction. Construction Methods. Cantilever Sheet-Pile Walls. Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Sandy Soils. Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating a Sandy Soil. Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Clay. Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating Clay. Anchored Sheet-Pile Walls. Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Sandy Soil. Design Charts for Free Earth Support Method (Penetration into Sandy Soil). Moment Reduction for Anchored Sheet-Pile Walls Penetrating into Sand. Computational Pressure Diagram Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil. Field Observations for Anchor Sheet-Pile Walls. Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay. Anchors. Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand. Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Clay (�� = 0 Condition). Ultimate Resistance of Tiebacks. Summary. Problems. References. 17. Braced Cuts. Introduction. Braced-Cut Analysis Based on General Wedge Theory. Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design. Pressure Envelope for Cuts in Layered Soil. Tschebotarioff���s Pressure Envelopes. Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut. Case Studies of Braced Cuts. Bottom Heave of a Cut in Clay. Stability of the Bottom of a Cut in Sand. Lateral Yielding of Sheet Piles and Ground Settlement. Summary. Problems. References. Answers to Problems. Index.
£76.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Biophilic Design
Book Synopsis"When nature inspires our architecture-not just how it looks but how buildings and communities actually function-we will have made great strides as a society. Biophilic Design provides us with tremendous insight into the 'why,' then builds us a road map for what is sure to be the next great design journey of our times.Trade Review"Stephen Kellert, a social ecologist, has spent much of his career thinking and writing about biophilia, the innate human affinity for nature. Biophilic Design is an exploration of how we cut ourselves off from nature in the way we design the buildings and neighborhoods where we live and work. And it's an argument for re-connecting these spaces to the natural world, with plenty of windows, daylight, fresh air, plants and green spaces, natural materials, and decorative motifs from the natural world." (Yale Environment 360, December 2009) "…Kellert asserts that people "learn better, work more comfortably, and recuperate more successfully in buildings that echo the environment in which the human species evolved." He says there are a number of ways to improve worker productivity and retention and reduce absenteeism. The most basic step is to improve the availability of natural light. Kellert is analyzing the effect of biophilic design on office work productivity, absenteeism, number of sick days. Kellert believes there is a definite connection between biophilic spaces and improved productivity, and some studies point to a positive relationship." (dirt.asla.org, September 2009) "By applying biophilia to design, the editors and contributors hope to go beyond the standard green architecture goal of simply lowering the environmental impact of buildings. They hope to enhance the human relationship with nature through buildings believing, that one's affinity for light or water should be incorporated into the placement of windows. The book is divided into three parts. The first provides a theory of biophilic design and offers general guidelines. The second offers a more focused look at health issues and the role of nature. The third examines applied instances of biophilic design. Summing Up: Recommended" (Choice, September 2009) "These authors urge architects to do what they can to incorporate nature in the design of buildings." (GreenSource, April 2009) "Biophilic Design collects descriptions of current destructive practices, analyzes their roots in human nature, and offers low-cost, low-impact strategies for change." (Architecture Boston; Nov/Dec 2008) "Stephen Kellert's Biophilic Design…brings together biologists, ecologists, psychologists, architects, designers and city planners to probe the confluence of people, nature and design." (Miller-McCune.com, 7/14/08) "Make no mistake: Biophilic Design, all 400 pages of it, is one of the best design books of this decade." (New Urban News, April-May 2008)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements. Contributors Biographies. Preface (Stephen R. Kellert and Judith Heerwagen). Prologue: Afterword, years after (Hillary Brown). I. THE THEORY OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN. Chapter 1: Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes of Biophilic Design (Stephen Kellert). Chapter 2: The Nature of Human Nature (Edward O. Wilson). Chapter 3: A Good Place to Settle: Biomimicry, Biophilia, and the Return of Nature’s Inspiration to Architecture (Janine Benyus). Chapter 4: Water, Biophilic Design, and the Built Environment (Martin Mador). Chapter 5: Neuroscience, the Natural Environment, and Building Design (Nikos Salingaros and Kenneth Masden). II. THE SCIENCE AND BENEFITS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN. Chapter 6: Biophilic Theory and Research for Healthcare Design (Roger Ulrich). Chapter 7: Nature Contact and Human Health: Building the Evidence Base (Howard Frumkin). Chapter 8: Where Windows Become Doors (Vivian Loftness). Chapter 9: Restorative Environmental Design: What, When, Where, and for Whom (Terry Hartig, Tina Bringslimark ,and Grete Grindal Patil)? Chapter 10: Healthy Planet, Healthy Children: Designing Nature into the Daily Spaces of Childhood (Robin Moore and Clare Cooper Marcus). Chapter 11: Children and the Success of Biophilic Design (Richard Louv). Chapter 12: The Extinction of Natural Experience in the Built Environment (Robert Pyle and David Orr). III. THE PRACTICE OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN. Chapter 13: Biophilia and Sensory Aesthetics (Judith Heerwagen and Bert Gregory). Chapter 14: Evolving an Environmental Aesthetic (Stephen Kieran). Chapter 15: The Picture Window: the Problem of Viewing Nature through Glass (Kent Bloomer). Chapter 16: Biophilic Architectural Space (Grant Hildebrand). Chapter 17: Towards Biophilic Cities: Strategies for Integrating Nature into Urban Design (Tim Beatley). Chapter 18: Green Urbanism: Developing Restorative Urban Biophilia (Jonathan Rose). Chapter 19: The Greening of the Brain (Pliny Fisk). Chapter 20: Bringing Buildings to Life (Tom Bender). Chapter 21: Biophilia in Practice: Buildings that Connect People with Nature (Alex Wilson). Chapter 22: Transforming Building Practices through Biophilic Design (Jenifer Seal Cramer and William Browning). Chapter 23 Reflections on Implementing Biophilic Design (Robert Fox and Robert Berkebile).
£70.16
Emerald Publishing Limited Ice Companion to Engineering Management
Book SynopsisICE Companion to Engineering Management is a concise reference on core areas of engineering management for civil engineers working towards Professional Review.
£58.50
Taylor & Francis Ltd Best Practices in Global Water Policy
Book SynopsisThis volume challenges the assumption that dominant water-management solutions are universally effective, neutral and scientifically validated.Global water policy tends to frame certain concepts and tools â such as river basin organisations, water pricing, drip irrigation, nature-based solutions and wastewater reuse â as âbest practicesâ. These ready-made solutions, endorsed by policymakers, development agencies and experts, are widely disseminated across countries with limited critical scrutiny. This book examines how these dominant solutions, while often appearing rational and evidence-based, can obscure trade-offs, negative externalities and unintended consequences. From irrigation modernisation projects that inadvertently increase water consumption due to the rebound effect, to water user associations that fail to address deeper governance and equity issues, the book engages with 20 âbest practicesâ to illustrate how universal solutions often ignore the complexity of water politics, institutional settings, cultural specificities and ecological realities. While not dismissing the value of best practices outright, this book argues for a more sceptical, politically aware and context-sensitive approach to water management. It calls for a shift in the burden of proof: rather than accepting a best practice as effective unless proven otherwise, water governance should start by scrutinizing the potential externalities, risks and limitations of any proposed intervention.This book is essential reading for students, academics and professionals in water policy, water governance and environmental management more broadly.
£39.89
Hawksmoor Publishing The Secret Surveyor
Book SynopsisThe Secret Surveyor takes you to the heart of the UK construction industry, looking at what it does, who it employs, the amazing things it makes, and why things often go horribly wrong.
£14.24
Penguin Books Ltd Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Book SynopsisL. T. C. Rolt was born at Chester in 1910. After his education at Cheltenham College he embarked on am engineering career, until he decided to turn to writing. Among his many publications were biographies of Thomas Telford and George and Robert Stevenson (both published by Penguin). Mr Rolt died in 1974.
£13.49
Cengage Learning, Inc Principles of Geotechnical Engineering SI Edition
Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Geotechnical Engineering -- A Historical Perspective. 2. Origins of Soil and Grain Size. 3. Weight-Volume Relationships. 4. Plasticity and Structure of Soil. 5. Classification of Soil. 6. Soil Compaction. 7. Permeability. 8. Seepage. 9. In Situ Stresses. 10. Stresses in a Soil Mass. 11. Compressibility of Soil ���- Elastic Settlement. 12. Consolidation. 13. Shear Strength of Soil. 14. Lateral Earth Pressure: At-Rest, Rankine, and Coulomb. 15. Lateral Earth Pressure: Curved Failure Surface. 16. Slope Stability. 17. Soil-Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundations. 18. Subsoil Exploration. 19. An Introduction to Geosynthetics. Answers to Selected Problems. Index.
£72.99
CRC Press Pile Design and Construction Practice
Book SynopsisWritten to Eurocode 7 and the UK National AnnexUpdated to reflect the current usage of Eurocode 7, along with relevant parts of the British Standards, Pile Design and Construction Practice, Sixth Edition maintains the empirical correlations of the originalâcombining practical know how with scientific knowledge âand emphasizing relevant principles and applications of soil mechanics and design. Contractors, geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists responsible for designing and constructing piled foundations can find the most current types of pile, piling equipment, and relevant methods in this latest work. The book summarizes recent changes, including new codified design procedures addressing design parameters and partial safety factors. It also presents several examples, many based on actual problems.Broad and Comprehensive In Its Coverage Trade Review "If you work in the ground engineering sector then this is a must for your bookshelf. ... Now in its sixth edition, this book adheres (excuse the pun) to the guiding principles of the first… New material extends to the consideration of new codified design procedures such as Eurocodes, the use and development of larger more powerful pile installation equipment and new methods of analysis based on current innovation and research."—Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, November 2015 "This is the standard of care, the ultimate, practical arbitrator."—Donald A Bruce, Geosystems LP "The book gives a comprehensive overview of the piling techniques in common use, their advantages and disadvantages. This information gives a sound basis for the selection of a given technique. Design of piles to Eurocode 7 is well described and all the general pile installation methods covered."—Hilary Skinner, Donaldson Associates Ltd "If you work in the ground engineering sector then this is a must for your bookshelf. ... Now in its sixth edition, this book adheres (excuse the pun) to the guiding principles of the first… New material extends to the consideration of new codified design procedures such as Eurocodes, the use and development of larger more powerful pile installation equipment and new methods of analysis based on current innovation and research."—Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, November 2015 "This is the standard of care, the ultimate, practical arbitrator."—Donald A Bruce, Geosystems LP "The book gives a comprehensive overview of the piling techniques in common use, their advantages and disadvantages. This information gives a sound basis for the selection of a given technique. Design of piles to Eurocode 7 is well described and all the general pile installation methods covered."—Hilary Skinner, Donaldson Associates Ltd Table of ContentsGeneral principles and practices. Types of pile. Piling equipment and methods. Calculating the resistance of piles to compressive loads. Pile groups under compressive loading. Design of piled foundations to resist uplift and lateral loading. Some aspects of the structural design of piles and pile groups. Piling for marine structures. Miscellaneous piling problems. Durability of piled foundations. Ground investigations, piling contracts, and pile testing. Appendices. Index.
£45.99
ICE Publishing NEC4 Resolving and Avoiding Disputes
Book Synopsis
£54.50
CRC Press Cities in the Metaverse
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£48.99
CRC Press Food Safety and Inspection
Book SynopsisThe process of food inspection relies on an inspector's understanding of the intrinsic hazards associated with individual foods. Whereas spoilage can usually be determined through a simple organoleptic assessment, the judgment of whether a food is fit for human consumption requires an evaluation of health hazards, many of which may not be apparent through physical assessment. Instead, the inspector must analyse and integrate scientific and handling information to evaluate the potential health risk. Now fully updated and expanded in this second edition, Food Safety and Inspection: An Introduction focuses on food categories and describes common hazards associated with each, using published peer-reviewed research to explain and evaluate the health risk.With the adulteration of foods becoming an increasing problem, and the complexity of the food supply chain an understanding of risk points to allow targeted inspection and assessment is required. This book offers solutions to this as well as new chapters and material that centres on specialist products and processes that are challenging to inspect, including charcuterie, sous vide and allergen contamination. This practically minded book is designed to support the role of food inspection in the modern food industry.This book is an essential read for anyone interested in studying for certification to become a food inspector and those studying food safety courses at university or in practice.
£49.39
Taylor & Francis Place and Placemaking
Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the importance of place and the multifaceted process of placemaking to the creation of durable and meaningful urban environments. It features international thought leaders, judiciously curated and convened across disciplines, cultures, and viewpoints to debate their perspectives on the merits and challenges of place and placemaking. Chapters investigate the tenor, timeliness, and tensions of place, and how we envision, co-create, and communicate place with colleagues, citizens, and critics. Stemming from the first Rudy Bruner Debate on Urban Excellence, chapter authors expressly present their experience, insights, and questions on place and placemaking, inspiring critical reflection and action in the world that surrounds us. This book will be of interest to students and practitioners in urban planning, urban design, real estate, architecture, and landscape architecture and to urban advocates and civic leaders.
£36.09
Taylor & Francis Engineering the Future
£50.34
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Measurement Using the New Rules of Measurement
Book SynopsisThe RICS New Rules of Measurement mean that the construction industry now has a way of allowing a more consistent approach to the measurement and estimating of buildings from the start of a project, right through until the end, and beyond.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements xi List of Drawings xiii List of Tables xv List of Diagrams xix Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Standard methods of measurement 4 1.3 Contract documentation 7 2 A Practical Introduction to Measurement 9 2.1 A practical introduction to measurement 9 2.2 Measurement procedure 14 2.3 Self-assessment exercise: Protocols 18 3 Corners 19 3.1 Measurement information 19 3.2 Methodology 20 3.3 Practical application: Corners 21 3.4 Self-assessment exercise: Internal and external dimensions 27 4 Substructure 29 4.1 Measurement information 29 4.2 Technology 33 4.3 Practical application: Substructure to doctors’ surgery 36 4.4 Self-assessment exercise: Trench foundations 50 5 Basement 51 5.1 Measurement information 52 5.2 Technology 55 5.3 Practical application: Brick basement to adjacent building 56 5.4 Self-assessment exercise: Basement to offi ce building 65 6 Sloping Site 67 6.1 Measurement information 67 6.2 Technology 71 6.3 Practical application: Pair of houses 72 6.4 Self-assessment exercise: Grid of levels 88 7 Underpinning 89 7.1 Measurement information 90 7.2 Technology 93 7.3 Practical application: Underpinning to basement 95 7.4 Self-assessment exercise: Trench excavation 104 8 Reinforced Concrete Frame 105 8.1 Measurement information 105 8.2 Technology 108 8.3 Practical application: Reinforced concrete frame 109 8.4 Self-assessment exercise: Formwork 124 9 Brickwork 125 9.1 Measurement information 125 9.2 Technology 132 9.3 Practical application: Brickwork 133 9.4 Self-assessment exercise: Structural openings in brickwork 148 10 Openings, Doors and Windows 149 10.1 Measurement information 150 10.2 Technology 153 10.3 Practical application: Openings, doors and windows 154 10.4 Self-assessment exercise: Openings and doors 161 11 Flat Roofs 163 11.1 Measurement information 164 11.2 Technology 167 11.3 Practical application: Flat roof 168 11.4 Self-assessment exercise: Gutters 172 12 Pitched Roofs 173 12.1 Measurement information 174 12.2 Technology 176 12.3 Practical application: Pitched roof 177 12.4 Self-assessment exercise: Tiling to roof 185 13 Steelwork 187 13.1 Measurement information 187 13.2 Technology 189 13.3 Practical application: Agricultural building 190 13.4 Self-assessment exercise: Steelwork to pergola 196 14 Partitions 197 14.1 Measurement information 198 13.2 Technology 203 14.3 Practical application: Hostel first floor 205 14.4 Self-assessment exercise: Hostel ground floor 210 15 Curtain Walling 211 15.1 Measurement information 211 15.2 Technology 215 15.3 Practical application: Aircraft showroom gridline 1 216 15.4 Self-assessment exercise: Gridline A 218 16 Finishes 219 16.1 Measurement information 219 16.2 Technology 223 16.3 Practical application: Medical centre 223 16.4 Self-assessment exercise: Floor, wall and ceiling finishes 235 17 Drainage 237 17.1 Measurement information 237 17.2 Technology 240 17.3 Practical application: West wing 241 17.4 Self-assessment exercise: Drainage to patio and drive 254 18 Domestic Plumbing 255 18.1 Measurement information 255 18.2 Technology 261 18.3 Practical application: Penthouse hot and cold water and soil and waste pipework 262 18.4 Self-assessment exercise: Two bed house 274 19 Mechanical Services 275 19.1 Measurement information 275 19.2 Technology: Air conditioning 279 19.3 Practical application: Penthouse air conditioning 280 19.4 Self-assessment exercise: Ventilation 284 20 Electrical Services 285 20.1 Measurement information 285 20.2 Technology 288 20.3 Practical application: Penthouse small power 289 20.4 Self-assessment exercise: Lighting 292 21 External Works 293 21.1 Measurement information 294 21.2 Technology 297 21.3 Practical application: Retaining walls 298 21.4 Self-assessment exercise: Fencing 304 22 Preliminaries 305 22.1 Introduction 305 22.2 Overheads and profi t 314 22.3 Practical application: Schedule of preliminaries 314 22.4 Self-assessment exercise: Weekly costs 316 23 Computer Aided Taking Off 317 23.1 Introduction 317 23.2 Screen based learning 317 23.3 Practical application: Click by click guide to CATO 319 23.4 Self-assessment exercise: CATO 327 24 Preparation of Bills of Quantities 329 24.1 BQ preparation 329 24.2 Practical application: Abstract and BQ for reinforced concrete frame 331 24.3 Self-assessment exercise: Abstract and BQ for substructure 338 References 339 Index 341
£50.30
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Human Impact on the Natural Environment
Book SynopsisA brand new edition of the definitive textbook on humankind's impact on the Earth's environmentnow in full color This classic text explores the multitude of impacts that humans have had over time upon vegetation, animals, soils, water, landforms, and the atmosphere. It considers the ways in which climate changes and modifications in land cover may change the environment in coming decades. Thoroughly revised to cover the remarkable transformation in interest that humans are having in the environment, this book examines previously uncovered topics, such as rewilding, ecosystem services, techniques for study, novel and no analogue ecosystems, and more. It also presents the latest views on big themes such as human origins, the anthropocene, domestication, extinctions, and ecological invasions. Extensively re-written, Human Impact on the Natural Environment, Eighth Edition contains many new and updated statistical tables, figures, and references. It offers enlTable of ContentsPreface to the Eighth Edition xi About the Companion Website xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Development of Ideas 1 1.2 The Anthropocene 5 1.3 The Development of Human Population and Stages of Cultural Development 6 1.4 Hunting and Gathering 10 1.5 Humans as Cultivators and Keepers 12 1.6 Mining and Metals 18 1.7 Modern Industrial and Urban Civilizations 19 1.8 The Great Acceleration 21 1.9 Methods of Study 24 Guide to Reading 25 2 The Human Impact on Vegetation 27 2.1 Human Impacts on Nature 27 2.2 Vegetation Change: Introduction 28 2.3 The Use of Fire 32 2.4 Fires: Natural and Anthropogenic 34 2.5 Some Consequences of Fire Suppression 34 2.6 Some Effects of Fire on Vegetation 35 2.7 The Role of Grazing 37 2.8 Deforestation 39 2.9 Tropical Forests 40 2.10 The Forest Transition 45 2.11 Secondary Rain Forest 48 2.12 The Human Role in the Creation and Maintenance of Savanna 49 2.13 The Spread of Desert Vegetation on Desert Margins 52 2.14 The Maquis of the Mediterranean Lands 56 2.15 The Prairies and Other Mid‐latitude and High‐altitude Grasslands 56 2.16 Post‐glacial Vegetational Change in Britain and Europe 59 2.17 Lowland Heaths 60 2.18 Introduction, Invasion, and Explosion 61 2.19 Air Pollution and Its Effects on Plants 65 2.20 Forest Decline 67 2.21 Miscellaneous Causes of Plant Decline 70 2.22 The Change in Genetic and Species Diversity 71 2.23 Conclusion: Threats to Plant Life 72 Guide to Reading 72 3 The Human Impact on Animals 75 3.1 Domestication of Animals 75 3.2 Dispersal and Invasions of Animals 76 3.3 Human Influence on the Expansion of Animal Populations 82 3.4 Causes of Animal Contractions and Decline: Pollution 86 3.5 Habitat Change and Animal Decline 89 3.6 Other Causes of Animal Decline 93 3.7 Animal Extinctions in Prehistoric Times 98 3.8 Modern‐day Extinctions 102 Guide to Reading 108 4 The Human Impact on the Soil 111 4.1 Introduction 111 4.2 Salinity: Natural Sources 112 4.3 Human Agency and Increased Salinity 112 4.4 Irrigation Salinity 113 4.5 Dryland Salinity 114 4.6 Urban Salinity 116 4.7 Inter‐basin Water Transfers 116 4.8 Coastal Zone Salinity 116 4.9 Consequences of Salinity 118 4.10 Reclamation of Salt‐affected Lands 118 4.11 Lateritization 120 4.12 Accelerated Podzolization and Acidification 121 4.13 Soil Carbon 122 4.14 Soil Structure Alteration 123 4.15 Soil Drainage and its Impact 125 4.16 Soil Fertilization 126 4.17 Fires and Soil Quality 126 4.18 Some Anthrosols Resulting from Agriculture and Urbanization 127 4.19 Soil Erosion: General Considerations 127 4.20 The Causes of Soil Erosion 128 4.21 Forest Removal 129 4.22 Soil Erosion Associated with Grazing 132 4.23 Irrigation and Erosion 132 4.24 Replacement of Grassland by Shrubland in Drylands 133 4.25 Soil Erosion Produced by Fire 133 4.26 Soil Erosion Associated with Construction and Urbanization 134 4.27 Long‐term Studies of Rates of Erosion 134 4.28 Peat Bog Erosion 137 4.29 Accelerated Wind Erosion 138 4.30 Soil Conservation 140 4.31 Soils, Microbiology, and the Earth System 143 Guide to Reading 144 5 The Human Impact on the Waters 145 5.1 Introduction 145 5.2 Deliberate Modification of River Systems Connectivity 146 5.3 Changes in River Flow 154 5.3.1 The Effects of Dams 154 5.3.2 Vegetation Modification and its Effect on River Flow 154 5.3.3 The Role of Invasive Plants 158 5.3.4 Land Drainage 158 5.3.5 Groundwater Exploitation 160 5.3.6 Urbanization and its Effects on River Flow 160 5.4 The Human Impact on Lake Levels 162 5.5 Changes in Groundwater Conditions 168 5.6 Water Pollution 171 5.7 Eutrophication 177 5.8 Pollution by Acid Rain 178 5.9 Deforestation and its Effects on Water Quality 180 5.10 Thermal Pollution 181 5.11 Pollution with Suspended Sediments 182 5.12 Marine Pollution 182 Guide to Reading 185 6 Human Agency in Geomorphology 187 6.1 Introduction 187 6.2 Landforms Produced by Excavation 188 6.3 Landforms Produced by Construction and Dumping 192 6.4 Ground Subsidence 192 6.5 The Human Impact on Seismicity and Volcanoes 198 6.6 Accelerated Sedimentation 200 6.7 Sediment Transport by Rivers 203 6.8 Deliberate Modification of Channels 205 6.9 Non‐deliberate River Channel Changes 208 6.10 Arroyo Trenching and Gullies 213 6.11 Accelerated Mass Movements 216 6.12 Accelerated Weathering and the Tufa Decline 219 6.13 Reactivation and Stabilization of Sand Dunes 220 6.14 Accelerated Coastal Erosion 223 6.15 Changing Rates of Salt Marsh Accretion 229 Guide to Reading 231 7 The Human Impact on Climate and the Atmosphere 233 7.1 World Climates 233 7.2 The Greenhouse Gases – Carbon Dioxide 235 7.3 Other Gases 236 7.4 Ozone Depletion and Climate Change 239 7.5 Aerosols 239 7.6 Global Dimming and Global Brightening 241 7.7 Vegetation and Albedo Change 242 7.8 Forests, Irrigation, and Climate 244 7.9 The Possible Effects of Water Diversion Schemes 244 7.10 Lakes and Climate 245 7.11 Urban Climates 245 7.12 Deliberate Climatic Modification 250 7.13 Geoengineering 252 7.14 Urban Air Pollution 252 7.15 Air Pollution: Some Further Effects 256 7.16 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion 263 7.17 Conclusions 265 Guide to Reading 266 8 The Future: Introduction 267 8.1 Introduction 267 8.2 Changes in the Biosphere 271 8.3 Climate and Geomorphology 278 Guide to Reading 282 9 The Future: Coastal Environments 283 9.1 Introduction 283 9.2 The Steric Effect 284 9.3 Anthropogenic Contributions to Sea‐Level Change 284 9.3.1 Reduction in Lake‐Water Volumes 284 9.3.2 Water Impoundment in Reservoirs 285 9.3.3 Groundwater Mining 285 9.3.4 Urbanization and Runoff 285 9.3.5 Deforestation and Runoff 285 9.3.6 Wetland Losses 285 9.3.7 Irrigation 286 9.3.8 Synthesis 286 9.4 Permafrost Degradation, Melting of Glaciers, and Sea‐Level Rise 286 9.5 Ice Sheets and Sea‐Level Rise 286 9.6 How Fast are Sea Levels Rising? 287 9.7 The Amount of Sea‐Level Rise By 2100 287 9.8 Land Subsidence 287 9.9 Coral Reefs 289 9.10 Salt Marshes and Mangrove Swamps 292 9.11 River Deltas 296 9.12 Estuaries 297 9.13 Cliffed Coasts 298 9.14 Sandy Beaches 298 9.15 Conclusions 300 Guide to Reading 300 10 The Future: Hydrological and Geomorphological Impacts 301 10.1 Introduction 301 10.2 Rainfall Intensity 302 10.3 Changes in Tropical Cyclones 302 10.4 Runoff Response 304 10.5 Cold Regions 305 10.6 Changes in Runoff in the UK 307 10.7 Europe 307 10.8 Geomorphological Consequences of Hydrological and Other Changes 309 10.9 Weathering 310 Guide to Reading 311 11 The Future: The Cryosphere 313 11.1 The Nature of the Cryosphere 313 11.2 The Polar Ice Sheets and Ice Caps 313 11.3 Valley Glaciers and Small Ice Caps 316 11.4 Predicted Rates of Glacier Retreat and Some Environmental Consequences 320 11.5 Sea Ice in the Arctic and Antarctic 322 11.6 Permafrost Regions 323 Guide to Reading 328 12 The Future: Drylands 329 12.1 Introduction 329 12.2 Climate Changes in the Past 330 12.3 Future Changes in Climate in Drylands 331 12.4 Wind Erosivity and Erodibility 332 12.5 Future Dust Storm Activity 333 12.6 Sand Dunes 334 12.7 Rainfall and Runoff 337 12.8 Lake Levels 338 12.9 Sea‐level Rise and Arid‐zone Coastlines 338 12.10 Salt Weathering and Salinization 339 Guide to Reading 340 13 Conclusion 341 13.1 The Power of Non‐industrial and Pre‐industrial Civilizations 341 13.2 The Proliferation of Impacts 342 13.3 The Inter‐relationships of Changes in the Earth System 346 13.4 Human Impacts on the Environment in China 348 13.5 Are Changes Reversible? 349 13.6 The Susceptibility to Change 354 13.7 Human Influence or Nature? 356 13.8 Global Warming and Other Pressures 357 13.9 Into the Unknown 358 Guide to Reading 359 References 361 Index 451
£54.10
John Wiley and Sons Ltd A Practical Guide to the NEC4 Engineering and
Book SynopsisProvides construction industry professionals with a practical and detailed guide to the NEC4 contract The NEC contract takes a collaborative, project management based approach to construction projects, which is very different to the other standard forms of construction contract. This new edition of the book covers all changes in the 4th Edition of the Engineering and Construction Contract, issued in June 2017, and will provide practical guidance to help users transitioning from NEC3 to NEC4. Inside A Practical Guide to the NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract, readers will find chapters on the background of the NECECC; contract data and other documents; thespirit of mutual trust'; all of the individuals involved in the process (eg: project managers, clients, supervisors, subcontractors, etc.); communication issues, early warnings and other matters; quality management; titles; dealing with timing; payment processes; cost components; compensation procedures and assessments; dealingTable of Contents1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Mechanics not law 2 1.3 A simple formula for understanding a contract 3 1.4 Mandatory or discretionary 4 1.5 Conditions precedent 4 1.6 Note on use of uppercase in keywords and phrases 5 2 Background to the NECECC 7 2.1 The background: First edition 7 2.2 The second edition 8 2.3 The third edition 9 2.4 The third edition (reprinted) 9 2.5 The fourth edition 9 2.6 Endorsement of NEC3 by the Office of Government Commerce 10 2.7 Endorsement by the Development Bureau, HKSAR Government 11 2.8 General philosophy: Aims and objectives 12 2.9 Flexibility 12 2.10 Clarity and simplicity 13 2.11 Stimulus to good management 14 2.12 Other characteristics 15 3 The Options: An Overview 17 3.1 General arrangement of the ECC 17 3.2 Other documents referred to 19 3.3 Contract Data 20 3.4 The published documents 20 3.5 Main Options: General outline 21 4 Spirit of Mutual Trust and Cooperation 25 4.1 Introduction 25 4.2 The clauses 25 4.3 What does it mean? 27 4.4 Practical issues 28 5 The Cast of Characters 33 5.1 Introduction 33 5.2 The Client 33 5.3 The Project Manager 35 5.4 The Supervisor 38 5.5 The Contractor 38 5.6 The Senior Representatives 39 5.7 The Adjudicator 40 5.8 The Tribunal 41 5.9 The Dispute Avoidance Board 41 5.10 Subcontractors 42 5.11 ‘Others’ 42 5.12 Named Suppliers 43 5.13 Designers 43 5.14 Principal Designer 44 5.15 Principal Contractor 45 5.16 Practical issues 45 6 Communications, Early Warnings and other General Matters 47 6.1 Introduction 47 6.2 Communications:The clause 47 6.3 Communications: Practical issues 49 6.4 Early warnings: The clause 51 6.5 Early warnings: Practical issues 53 6.6 Other matters:The clauses 55 6.7 Other matters: Practical issues 59 7 The Contractor’s Main Responsibilities 61 7.1 Introduction 61 7.2 Providing theWorks 61 7.3 Contractor’s design 62 7.4 Information modelling 66 7.5 Other matters 68 7.6 Practical issues 72 8 Subcontracting 75 8.1 Introduction 75 8.2 Definition of a Subcontractor 75 8.3 The core clauses 76 8.4 Provisions in the Main Options 76 8.5 Practical issues 77 8.6 Options for forms of subcontract in the NEC4 family 78 9 Quality Management 81 9.1 Introduction 81 9.2 Quality management system 81 9.3 Tests and inspections 82 9.4 What is a Defect? 84 9.5 The Defect procedure 84 9.6 The Defects Certificate 86 9.7 Uncorrected Defects 87 9.8 Practical issues 87 10 Title 91 10.1 Introduction 91 10.2 The core clauses 91 10.3 Practical issues 92 11 Liabilities and Insurance 95 11.1 Introduction 95 11.2 The core clauses 95 11.3 Secondary options 98 11.4 Practical issues 99 12 Time 101 12.1 Introduction 101 12.2 The programme: Contents 102 12.3 The programme: Submitting, accepting and revising 107 12.4 The programme: Practical issues 110 12.5 Starting and finishing 118 12.6 Other matters 121 12.7 Secondary Options related to Time 124 12.8 Practical issues 126 13 Payment 131 13.1 Introduction 131 13.2 The payment process 131 13.3 Payments in multiple currencies 134 13.4 Interim payments – The amount due and the Price for Work Done to Date 135 13.5 Supporting documents and records 145 13.6 Final assessment 148 13.7 The Contractor’s share 150 13.8 The Contractor’s share: Practical issues 152 13.9 Special provisions for the United Kingdom 153 13.10 Related Secondary Options 157 13.11 Practical issues 162 14 The Schedules of Cost Components 169 14.1 Introduction 169 14.2 The Schedule of Cost Components 169 14.3 The Short Schedule of Cost Components 174 14.4 Application to Subcontractors 175 14.5 Practical issues 176 15 Compensation Events:Theory and Events 179 15.1 Introduction 179 15.2 The theory 179 15.3 The events 181 15.4 Practical issues 196 16 Compensation Events: Procedures 199 16.1 Introduction 199 16.2 Notification by the Project Manager 200 16.3 Notification by the Contractor and the Project Manager’s reply 203 16.4 Other matters associated with notifying compensation events 206 16.5 Quotations: Substance 208 16.6 Quotations: Submission and reply 210 16.7 Assessments by the Project Manager 215 16.8 Proposed instructions 217 16.9 Implementing compensation events 218 16.10 Practical issues 219 17 Compensation Events: Assessment 227 17.1 Introduction 227 17.2 Changes to the Prices 228 17.3 Changes to the Completion Date and Any Key Dates 232 17.4 Project Manager’s assumptions 234 17.5 Other related matters 236 17.6 Practical issues 238 18 Termination 243 18.1 Introduction 243 18.2 Reasons for termination 243 18.3 Secondary Option X11 247 18.4 Implementing termination 248 18.5 Procedures after termination 248 18.6 Assessing the amount due after termination 250 18.7 Practical issues 252 19 Resolving and Avoiding Disputes 255 19.1 Introduction 255 19.2 Option W1 256 19.3 Option W2 261 19.4 Option W3 267 19.5 Practical issues 270 20 Secondary Options 273 20.1 Introduction 273 20.2 X2: Changes in the law 273 20.3 X4: Ultimate holding company guarantee 274 20.4 X12: Multiparty Collaboration 274 20.5 X13: Performance bond 279 20.6 X17: Low performance damages 280 20.7 X18: Limitation of liability 280 20.8 X20: Key Performance Indicators 281 20.9 X21:Whole Life Cost 282 20.10 X22: Early Contractor Involvement 283 20.11 Y(UK)3:The Contracts (Rights ofThird Parties) Act 1999 288 20.12 Z: Additional conditions of contract 288 20.13 Practical issues 289 21 Completing the Contract Data 291 21.1 Introduction 291 21.2 Purpose and form of the Contract Data 291 21.3 Contract Data Part One 292 21.4 Contract Data Part Two 304 21.5 Practical issues 309 22 The Supporting Documents: Need and Content 311 22.1 Introduction 311 22.2 Scope 312 22.3 Site Information 324 22.4 Practical issues 325 Bibliography 329 Appendix 1 Tables of Clause Numbers, Case Lawand Statutes 331 Appendix 2 Tables of Client’s, Project Manager’s, Supervisor’s, Contractor’s, Senior Representatives, Adjudicator’s, Dispute Avoidance Board and Tribunals Actions 341 Appendix 3 Tables of Communication Forms and Their Uses 379
£89.25
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Research Methods for Construction
Book SynopsisThe new and enhanced edition of the popular textbook on research methods in construction and related disciplines Research Methods for Construction is designed to help construction students develop the research skills needed to achieve success in their research projects. Providing clear guidance on research formulation, methodologies, and methods, this comprehensive textbook addresses the theoretical, philosophical, and practical aspects of research in many areas of construction. The authors explain the requirements for data and analysis and describe the methods used for scientific and engineering experiments, modelling and simulations, research on management and socio-economic issues, and more. Now in its fifth edition, Research Methods for Construction is fully revised to reflect contemporary developments and emerging areas of construction research. New and expanded chapters cover topics including data protection and ethics, theory borrowing, sensemaking, and directionally motivated reasoning. This edition includes additional models and details relating to translation, and offers fresh discussion of axiology, determinism, and stochasticism. Providing students with coherent, well-structured account of construction research, this market-leading textbook: Emphasizes and instils rigor into construction students' problem-solving, reports, and publicationsAssists researchers in selecting appropriate methods to execute researchArticulates the stages of construction research processes: producing a proposal, executing the research, and reporting the resultsExamines qualitative and quantitative approaches and statistical considerations for a wide range of construction researchDiscusses current ethical, legal, and regulatory issues pertaining to research in construction The fifth edition of Research Methods for Construction is the ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students embarking on a research project, at bachelors, masters or doctoral level, in construction, surveying, architecture, civil engineering, and other built environment disciplines.Table of ContentsContents About the Authors ix Preface to the Fifth Edition xi Part 1 Producing a Proposal 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 The concept of research 3 1.1.1 Research: a careful search/investigation 4 1.1.2 Research: contribution to knowledge 4 1.1.3 A learning process 6 1.1.4 Contextual factors affecting research 6 1.2 Classifications of research 7 1.2.1 Pure and applied research 7 1.2.2 Quantitative and qualitative research 8 1.2.3 Other categories of research 11 1.3 Theories and paradigms 12 1.3.1 Development of knowledge 13 1.3.2 Testing a theory 16 1.3.3 Paradigms 19 1.3.4 Positivism 20 1.3.5 Interpretivism 21 1.3.6 Pragmatism 23 1.3.7 Models and hypotheses 23 1.4 Research styles 25 1.4.1 Action research 25 1.4.2 Ethnographic research 26 1.4.3 Surveys 27 1.4.4 Case studies 28 1.4.5 Experiments 29 1.5 Quantitative and qualitative approaches 31 1.5.1 Quantitative approaches 32 1.5.2 Qualitative approaches 32 1.5.3 Triangulated studies 32 1.5.4 Data sources 33 1.6 Where to begin 35 1.7 Summary 36 References 37 2 Topic for Study 41 2.1 Selection of a topic 41 2.1.1 Resources 41 2.1.2 Subject selection 43 2.1.3 Choosing a topic 46 2.1.4 Evaluating alternatives 46 2.1.5 Refining a topic 47 2.2 Writing the proposal 48 2.2.1 Aim 49 2.2.2 Proposition 49 2.2.3 Objectives 50 2.2.4 Hypotheses 51 2.2.5 Methodology and methods 53 2.2.6 Programme 55 2.2.7 Deliverables and industrial or practitioner support 55 2.3 Summary 56 References 56 Part 2 Executing the Research 59 3 Initial Research 61 3.1 The research process 61 3.1.1 Initial phase 64 3.1.2 Data and information 66 3.1.3 Dynamic process 68 3.2 Initial search 69 3.2.1 Definitions and assumptions 71 3.2.2 Theory and literature reviews 71 3.2.3 Analysing data from a search 72 3.3 Literature based discovery 75 3.4 Assembling the theoretical framework 76 3.4.1 Theory borrowing 79 3.4.2 Theorising 83 3.5 Philosophy and paradigms 84 3.5.1 Ontology, epistemology, and axiology 86 3.5.2 Positivism 88 3.5.3 Realism 89 3.5.4 Interpretivism 91 3.5.5 Constructivism 92 3.5.6 Phenomenalism 93 3.5.7 Postmodernism 95 3.5.8 Pragmatism 96 3.6 Fuzzy thinking 96 3.7 Theoretical models and constructs 97 3.7.1 Theoretical model 98 3.7.2 Constructs 100 3.8 Proper referencing 101 3.9 Summary 103 Notes 104 References 104 4 Approaches to Empirical Work 110 4.1 Starting data collection 110 4.2 Experience 111 4.3 Reasoning and inference 112 4.3.1 Sensemaking 114 4.3.2 Motivated reasoning 115 4.3.3 Determinism and stochasticism 117 4.3.4 Complexity 119 4.4 Systems of methods 122 4.5 Research design 123 4.5.1 Context 126 4.5.2 Variance and errors 126 4.5.3 Empiricism, rationalism, and verification 127 4.6 Qualitative and quantitative approaches 129 4.6.1 When are qualitative approaches employed? 130 4.6.2 When are quantitative approaches employed? 134 4.7 Experimental 135 4.7.1 Experiments and quasi-experiments 135 4.7.2 Variables 138 4.7.3 Experimental control 141 4.7.4 Replication 142 4.7.5 Between-subjects design (simple randomised experiments) 143 4.7.6 Between-subjects design (matched randomised groups) 143 4.7.7 Within-subject design (repeated measure design) 144 4.7.8 Factorial experiments 145 4.8 Survey 145 4.9 Secondary 147 4.9.1 Archival 149 4.9.2 Meta-analysis 150 4.10 Case study 151 4.11 Ethnographic 155 4.11.1 Ethnography 156 4.11.2 Ethnomethodology 158 4.12 Action 158 4.13 Grounded theory (development of theory from data) 159 4.14 Narrative 162 4.15 Modelling 163 4.15.1 Classification of models 163 4.15.2 Deterministic and stochastic models 164 4.15.3 The modelling process 165 4.16 Simulation 166 4.16.1 Dynamism 166 4.16.2 Heuristics 166 4.16.3 Approaches 167 4.17 Level of research 168 4.18 Practice-based research 171 4.19 Summary 175 References 176 5 Hypotheses 182 5.1 Essentials of a valid hypothesis 182 5.2 Roles of hypotheses 185 5.3 Objective testing of hypotheses 187 5.4 Role of sampling 188 5.5 Common statistical measures 191 5.5.1 Normal distribution 196 5.6 Null hypotheses 198 5.7 Validities 199 5.8 Summary 202 References 202 6 Data Collection 204 6.1 Data requirements 204 6.2 Sources of quantitative data 207 6.3 Collecting data from respondents 210 6.3.1 Questionnaires 213 6.3.2 Interviews 215 6.4 Case studies 218 6.5 Triangulation 218 6.6 Sampling 219 6.6.1 Sample size 223 6.7 Scales of measurement 227 6.7.1 Scaling techniques (non-metric and metric) 229 6.7.2 Non-comparative (metric) scales 229 6.7.3 Comparative (non-metric) scales 230 6.7.4 Common scaling methods 231 6.7.5 Development of multi-item scales 233 6.8 Obtaining data 235 6.9 Translation 243 6.10 Response styles and biases 244 6.11 Summary 246 References 247 7 Data Analysis 251 7.1 Analysing data 251 7.2 Plotting data 256 7.3 Statistical methods 260 7.4 Non-parametric tests 261 7.4.1 Sign test 261 7.4.2 Rank-sum tests 262 7.4.3 Chi-square (𝜒2) test 266 7.4.4 Goodness of fit 267 7.5 Parametric tests 267 7.5.1 t-Test 268 7.5.2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) 268 7.5.3 Regression and correlation 271 7.5.4 Multiple regression 276 7.5.5 Time series 277 7.5.6 Index numbers 282 7.5.7 Simple average index 283 7.5.8 Chained index 287 7.6 Other analytical techniques 289 7.6.1 Cluster analysis 289 7.6.2 Factor analysis 290 7.6.3 Path analysis 292 7.6.4 Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) 295 7.7 Analysis of qualitative data 296 7.7.1 Analysing documents (from texts) 297 7.7.2 Conversation analysis 299 7.7.3 Discourse analysis 300 7.7.4 Social network analysis 301 7.7.5 Multi-level research 303 7.7.6 Meta-analysis 304 7.7.7 Longitudinal research 304 7.8 Summary 305 References 306 8 Ethics in Research 310 8.1 The concepts of morals and ethics 310 8.2 Research ethics 314 8.2.1 Theory and literature 317 8.2.2 Data collection, use, and disposal 318 8.3 Data analysis, intellectual property, and data protection 320 8.3.1 Data analysis, results, and reporting 320 8.3.2 Intellectual property 322 8.3.3 Data protection 322 8.4 Equality, diversity, and inclusion 323 8.5 Summary 327 References 328 Part 3 Reporting the Results 331 9 Results, Inferences, and Conclusions 333 9.1 Requirements for valid results 333 9.2 Potential sources of error 334 9.3 Reliability 335 9.4 Results 336 9.4.1 Producing the results 336 9.4.2 Introductory results 337 9.4.3 Substantive results 338 9.4.4 Inferences 339 9.4.5 Causal relationships 340 9.4.6 Interpretation 341 9.5 Conclusions 345 9.5.1 How to write conclusions 345 9.5.2 Further research 347 9.6 Summary 347 References 348 10 Reports and Presentations 349 10.1 Report production 349 10.2 Communication 350 10.3 Contents of the report 352 10.3.1 How to begin 352 10.3.2 Text of the report 353 10.3.3 Theory and literature 354 10.3.4 Reporting on methodology and methods 356 10.3.5 Reporting on data sourcing and data collection 356 10.3.6 Presentation of results 357 10.3.7 Discussion of results 358 10.3.8 Conclusions 358 10.3.9 Limitations 359 10.3.10 Recommendations 359 10.3.11 Introduction 360 10.3.12 Remainder of the report 360 10.4 Oral presentation 361 10.5 Summary 362 References 362 Index 363
£42.70
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Practical Guide to Diagnosing Structural Movement
Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction ix List of Figures xii Acknowledgements xix Part 1 First Principles 1 1.1 First Principles 3 1.2 Crack Patterns and Cracks 8 1.3 Rotational Movement 9 1.4 Contra Rotational Movement 11 1.5 Weak Routes 14 1.6 Load Distribution 22 1.7 Movement and Orientation 26 1.8 Summary of First Principles and Process 28 Part 2 Cracks in Buildings Not Related to Foundations 31 2.1 Expansion Cracking 33 2.2 Cavity Wall Tie Corrosion 44 2.3 Corrosion of Metal Built into Walls 53 2.4 Vibration of Built-in Fixings 57 2.5 Roof Spread 60 2.6 Springing from Deflected Beams 67 2.7 Lack of Lateral Stability 70 2.8 Lack of Lateral Stability in Modern Gable Walls 76 2.9 False Chimneys, Lateral Instability and Movement in Gable Walls 79 2.10 Overloaded Beams 86 2.11 Absence of Lintels (Beams) Over Openings in Cavity Walls 91 2.12 Overloaded Floors 98 2.13 Overloaded Walls 102 2.14 Differential Movement 106 2.15 Arch Thrust and Arch Flattening 108 2.16 Arch Spread in Chimneys Built over Alleys in Terrace Housing 113 2.17 Buckling of Jambs to Sash Windows and Arch Flattening 118 2.18 Wall Shortening and Sequential Movement in Walls and Roofs (Holland’s Multiple Factor Diagnosis) 123 2.19 Load Path Cracking 135 2.20 Bulging of Walls Due to Decay of Bonding Timbers 138 2.21 Bulging and Separation in Solid Brick Walls 141 2.22 Separation of Rubble-Filled Stone Walls 144 2.23 Floor Slab Settlement (Compaction) 146 2.24 Load Concentrations 153 2.25 Sulphate Attack 155 2.26 Concrete Block Shrinkage 161 2.27 Shrinkage of Calcium Silicate Bricks 165 2.28 Heat Expansion of Flue Blocks 168 2.29 Floor Cracking in Suspended Concrete Beam and Block Floors 172 2.30 Vehicular Impact Damage (Usually Garages) 177 Part 3 Cracks in Buildings Related to the Foundations and Ground Movement 183 3.1 Introduction 185 3.1.1 Design for Load 187 3.1.2 Design for Stability 189 3.1.3 Identifying Below Ground Defects 190 3.2 Foundation Movement Caused by Clay Shrinkage 193 3.3 Clay Heave 201 3.4 Seasonal Expansion of Clay Subsoil 204 3.5 Eccentric Loading on Foundations 206 3.6 Uneven Loading 209 3.7 Load Concentrations on Foundations 211 3.8 Differential Foundation Movement 213 3.9 Initial Settlement after Construction or Alterations 218 3.10 Differential Foundation Settlement Cracking between Chimneys and Party Walls, in Alleys Running through Terraces 221 3.11 Leaking Drains and Water Discharge near to Buildings 225 3.12 Drains and Drain Trenches 228 3.13 Cracking Associated with Raft Foundations 231 Part 4 Repair Methods 241 4.1 Introduction 243 4.2 Re-pointing 245 4.3 Re-pointing with Epoxy Mortar 247 4.4 Stitching in Brickwork 248 4.5 Reinforcing Brick Mortar Joints 249 4.6 Tie Bars 251 4.7 Restraint Straps 254 4.8 Buttresses/Piers 256 4.9 Preventing Roof Spread 257 4.10 Underpinning 259 4.11 Expanding Foam Underpinning 263 4.12 Grouting 265 4.13 Root Barriers 267 Index 269
£35.62
John Wiley & Sons Inc Field Hydrogeology
Book SynopsisField Hydrogeology Pocket-sized field workbook for students studying hydrogeology at undergraduate and postgraduate levels The fully revised Fifth Edition of Field Hydrogeology serves as a comprehensive guide to conducting a hydrogeological study, beautifully presented with full colour photos and diagrams throughout, in a practical pocket size for easy use in the field. This new edition includes recent developments in the environmental regulations, with particular focus on the use of innovative technology. New topics in the Fifth Edition include the monitoring of boreholes using piezometers, how to identify the origin of water in the basement of a building, and an expanded section on geothermal energy. The text also includes case studies and text boxes to aid in reader comprehension, with a particular emphasis on practical application throughout. The Fifth Edition of Field Hydrogeology addresses key topics such as: Horizontal wells and shTable of ContentsPreface to the Fifth Edition viii Preface to the Fourth Edition ix Acknowledgements x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Groundwater Systems 1 1.2 Conceptual Model 4 1.3 Groundwater Computer Modelling 8 1.4 Hydrogeological Report Writing 9 1.5 Expert Witness 9 2 Desk Study 13 2.1 Defining the Area 13 2.2 Identifying the Aquifers 14 2.3 Groundwater Levels 15 2.4 Surface Water 17 2.5 Recharge 17 2.6 Groundwater Use 18 2.7 Groundwater Chemistry 18 2.8 Aerial Photographs and Satellite Imagery 19 2.9 Planning a Fieldwork Programme 20 3 Field Evaluation of Aquifers 23 3.1 Grain Size Analysis 23 3.2 Hydraulic Properties of Aquifers 25 3.3 Hydraulic Properties and Rock Types 27 3.4 Assessing Hydraulic Properties 33 3.5 Using Hydraulic Property Information 34 3.6 Recharge through the Vadose Zone 38 4 Groundwater Levels 45 4.1 Water Level Dippers 45 4.2 Continuous Water Level Recorders 48 4.3 Measuring Ground Levels and Locations 53 4.4 Tool-Box 56 4.5 Well Catalogue 57 4.6 Field Surveys for Wells, Boreholes and Springs 57 4.7 Interpretation of Abstraction Borehole Water Levels 62 Case History 1 – Interpretation of Groundwater Strikes 66 4.8 Groundwater-Level Monitoring Networks 70 Case History 2 – Groundwater-Level Interpretation 70 4.9 Groundwater-Level Fluctuations 71 4.10 Managing Groundwater-Level Data 78 4.11 Constructing Groundwater Contour Maps and Flow Nets 79 4.12 Interpretation of Contour Maps and Flow Nets 82 4.13 Using Other Groundwater Information 83 5 Rainfall, Springs and Streams 85 5.1 Precipitation 85 5.2 Evaporation 89 5.3 Springs 91 Case History 3 – Measuring Flows with Low Heads 92 5.4 Stream-Flow Measurement 98 5.5 Stage–Discharge Relationships 107 5.6 Choosing the Best Method 109 5.7 Processing Flow Data 109 6 Pumping Tests 111 6.1 What Is a Pumping Test? 111 6.2 Planning a Pumping Test 112 6.3 Pumps and Pumping 113 6.4 On-Site Measurements 116 6.5 Pre-Test Monitoring 121 6.6 Test Set-up 121 6.7 Step Tests 123 6.8 Constant Rate Tests 123 6.9 Recovery Tests 125 6.10 Pumping Test Analysis 125 6.11 Tests on Single Boreholes 134 6.12 Packer Tests 137 7 Groundwater Chemistry 141 7.1 Analytical Suites and Determinands 141 7.2 Sampling Equipment 142 7.3 Sampling Protocols 153 7.4 Monitoring Networks 160 7.5 Using Chemical Data 161 8 Recharge Estimation 165 8.1 Water Balance 165 8.2 Rainfall Recharge 167 8.3 Induced Recharge 168 8.4 Other Sources of Recharge 170 9 Specialist Techniques 171 9.1 Borehole and Piezometer Installation 171 9.2 Down-Hole Geophysics 177 Case History 4 – The Use of Borehole Geophysics 178 9.3 Using Artificial Tracers 181 Case History 5 – The Use of Groundwater Tracers 182 10 Practical Applications 189 10.1 Borehole Prognoses 189 10.2 Groundwater Supplies 190 10.3 Wells in Shallow Aquifers 195 10.4 Contaminated Land Investigations 197 10.5 Landfills and Leachate 198 10.6 Geothermal Energy 201 10.7 Groundwater Lowering by Excavation 202 10.8 Rising Water Tables 206 10.9 Soakaways 208 10.10 Investigating Wetland Hydrology 208 Appendix A Good Working Practice 211 A. 1 Safety Codes 211 A1. 2 Safety Clothing and Equipment 211 A1. 3 Distress Signals 212 A1. 4 Exposure or Hypothermia 212 A1. 5 Heat Exhaustion 213 A1. 6 Working near Wells, Boreholes and Monitoring Piezometers 213 A1. 7 Hygiene Precautions for Water Supplies 213 A1. 8 Trial Pits 214 A1. 9 Electrical Equipment 214 A1.10 Filling Fuel Tanks 214 A1.11 Waste Disposal Sites 214 A1.12 Stream Flow Measurement 214 Appendix B Conversion Factors 217 References 219 Index 225
£40.38
Water Environment Federation,US Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater
Book SynopsisDesign for stormwater management systems that meets tomorrow''s tough regulatory standards. Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems contains the latest in design practices and concepts. Experts in every related discipline take you step-by-step through the design process, from regulatory and legal considerations to modeling techniques and structural principles.
£60.00
The History Press Ltd Voyaging the World's Civil Engineering Wonders
Book SynopsisExamples of enduring feats of civil engineering endeavour can be seen around the world’s seas and waterways, from the SS Great Britain to the Panama Canal.In this beautifully illustrated book, John Laverick offers an insight into the intriguing field of civil engineering, taking you on a journey that crosses three continents and three centuries, exploring extraordinary achievements including the artificial waterways of the Panama and Suez canals, floating concepts such as the concrete Mulberry harbours, the world’s only rotating ship lift at Falkirk, a man-made island in the Baltic linking the crossings between two countries and the ambitious restoration of the Wilts & Berks Canal.
£19.12
Emerald Publishing Limited Principles of Pavement Engineering
Book SynopsisPrinciples of Pavement Engineering, Third edition is an essential reference on fundamental principles of pavement engineering, showing how to design, construct, evaluate and maintain pavements of all types.
£120.60
Emerald Publishing Limited Water Supply and Distribution Systems
Book SynopsisWater Supply and Distribution Systems, Second edition is a comprehensive introduction to the topic of how water is delivered to homes and businesses throughout the world. It covers fundamental concepts and exploring the latest ideas of good practice. Water supply and distribution systems are a key element of essential urban infrastructure. Water utilities worldwide are embarking on a process of digitalisation', which promises to bring benefits to the industry, but this is fraught with uncertainty, hype, barriers to innovation and requires an organisational culture change. Water industry professionals have to address, not only, classic design and management problems but also, increasingly, environmental and sustainability requirements and concerns. Drawing together information that is currently scattered across several sources, this book aims to alleviate the concerns engineers have with these issues.With chapters written by academics and practitioners this book covers
£85.50
Crecy Publishing The London Brick Company: Famous Fleets
Book SynopsisPerhaps best known for their well-kept fleet of AEC lorries and for their ''Fletton brick'', the London Brick Company of Stewartby and Peterborough sold its products throughout the country. Through both good and bad times the company serviced the needs of the nation''s building industry, firstly by rail and then by road. In this book, noted transport historian Bill Aldridge describes the growth of the company, its many acquisitions and above all its delivery services. To explain this development, the brick making process is also briefly explained. Coverage is also given to recent events, including the take-over by the multinational Hanson Group who themselves began life as a small haulage company in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire.However, the second, fully revised edition of this remarkable and highly praised book not only looks at the London Brick Company delivery fleet, but also includes the range of ancillary vehicles operated by the company, including buses, fire engines, ambulances, refuse wagons and landfill site vehicles. This second edition also includes four extra colour pages.
£7.55
Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH EA-Pfähle: Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises
Book SynopsisThis handbook provides a complete overview of pile systems and their application and production. It shows their analysis based on the new safety concept providing numerous examples for single piles, pile grids and groups. These recommendations are considered rules of engineering.Table of Contents1. Einleitung und Anwendungsgrundlagen der Empfehlungen 2. Pfahlsysteme 3. Grundsätze zu Entwurf und Berechnung von Pfahlgründungen 4. Einwirkungen und Beanspruchungen 5. Tragverhalten und Widerstände von Einzelpfählen 6. Standsicherheitsnachweise 7. Berechnung von Pfahlrosten 8. Berechnung und Nachweise von Pfahlgruppen 9. Statische Pfahlprobebelastungen 10. Dynamische Pfahlprobebelastungen 11. Qualitätssicherung bei der Bauausführung 12. Pfahl-Integritätsprüfungen 13. Tragverhalten und Nachweise für Pfähle unter zyklischen, dynamischen und stoßartigen Einwirkungen Literatur Anhang A: Begriffe, Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte und Berechnungsgrundlagen Anhang B: Berechnungsbeispiele Pfahlwiderstände und Nachweise Anhang C: Beispiele zur dynamischen Pfahlprobebelastung und Integritätsprüfung Anhang D: Berechnungsverfahren und Beispiele für zyklisch belastete Pfähle
£72.25
John Wiley & Sons Inc High-speed Railway Bridges: Conceptual Design
Book SynopsisThe need for large-scale bridges is constantly growing worldwide, as the expansion of transport infrastructures with rail roads and high-speed lines is an important current task in many regions. This book develops all aspects referring to the structural conceptional design and analysis that are taken into account when planning a bridge or viaduct for a high-speed rail line. That includes the characteristics of the railway traffic such as speeds, actions, limit states, etc., and a detailed analysis of the superstructure of the track with its various components and singular elements. One of the special features of the book is that it not only highlights the bridge typologies and structural components related to the bridge design but also takes into account the issues of the track construction. The design basis, the requirements from different situations, and solutions are given. Special attention is paid to the interactions between the structure and the track and to the dynamic nature of railway actions, studying the dynamic response of the structure and its influence on the behaviour of the track and its components as well as on safety, traffic flow quality, and maintenance needs. The particulars of the design of high-speed rail bridges located in seismic areas are included as well. Numerous examples in all chapters serve the book's character as a useful guide to HSR bridge design, and to prevent typical problems and errors. An appendix with selected HSR bridges built worldwide completes the work. With this work the authors provide first-hand experience gained from many years of planning of completed bridges for high-speed rail lines.Table of ContentsForeword xv About the Authors xvii Acknowledgements xix 1 Introduction to High-Speed Railway Bridges 1 José Romo 1.1 Book’s Content 1 1.2 What is Special About a High-Speed Rail Bridge? 2 1.2.1 Dynamic Amplification and Resonance 2 1.2.2 Rail Traffic Security 3 1.2.3 Passenger’s Comfort 3 1.2.4 Track–Structure Interaction 4 1.3 General Ideas on High-Speed Railway Bridges 4 1.4 Evolution and Trends in High-Speed Bridge Design 6 1.4.1 First High-Speed Bridges 6 1.4.1.1 First-Generation German Bridges 6 1.4.1.2 First-Generation French Bridges 8 1.4.1.3 First-Generation Spanish Bridges 8 1.4.2 Recent High-Speed Bridges 9 1.4.2.1 Recent French Bridges 9 1.4.2.2 Second-Generation German Bridges 9 1.4.2.3 Recent Spanish HSRB 10 1.4.2.4 Bridges for High-Speed Railway Lines in China 10 1.4.2.5 British High-Speed Bridges 12 1.4.2.6 High-Speed Railway Bridges in the USA 12 1.4.3 Conclusions 12 1.4.3.1 Viaducts 13 1.4.3.2 Long-Span Bridges 13 1.5 The Landscape and the Design of High-Speed Railway Bridges 13 1.5.1 The Traveller’s Experience 13 1.5.2 The Bridge in the Landscape 15 1.5.2.1 Long Viaducts with Low Vertical Level 16 1.5.2.2 Long Viaducts with Medium or High Level 16 1.6 Railway Bridges as Landmarks or Icons of a Line 22 1.7 Railway Bridge’s Legacy 23 1.8 Building for the 21st Century 24 1.9 Conclusions 24 References 25 2 Track for High-Speed Bridges 29 Manuel Cuadrado 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Specific Criteria for Railway Bridges 29 2.2.1 General Criteria 29 2.2.2 Specific Criteria for High-Speed Bridges 31 2.3 Description of the Track Superstructure 31 2.3.1 Track Components: Definitions, Functions, and Qualities 32 2.3.1.1 Ballast 32 2.3.1.2 Sleepers 32 2.3.1.3 Fasteners 33 2.3.1.4 Rails 33 2.3.1.5 Switches and Crossings 34 2.3.2 Most Important Conceptual Improvements 35 2.3.2.1 Continuous Welded Rail (CWR) 35 2.3.2.2 Track–Infrastructure Interaction: Better Understanding 36 2.3.3 Evolution of the Different Components 36 2.3.3.1 Ballast 36 2.3.3.2 Sleepers 37 2.3.3.3 Fastenings 39 2.3.3.4 Rails 40 2.3.4 Track Options Currently Available for High Speed 41 2.3.4.1 Optimised Ballasted Track 41 2.3.4.2 New Ballastless Track 43 2.4 SLS Related to the Track 44 2.4.1 Dynamic Interaction: Track–Vehicle 44 2.4.2 Track Geometry Quality 46 2.4.3 SLS Verifications Regarding Deformations and Vibrations 48 2.4.3.1 Criteria for Traffic Safety 48 2.4.3.2 Comfort Criteria 55 References 57 3 Conceptual Design of High-Speed Railway Bridges 61 José Romo 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Structural and Functional Specific Requirements for High-Speed Railway Bridges 62 3.2.1 Introduction 62 3.2.2 Control of Vertical Acceleration 62 3.2.3 Rotation at Expansion Joints 62 3.2.4 Horizontal Braking and Traction Forces and Relative Movements Between Deck and Infrastructure 62 3.2.5 Track-Bridge Deck Interaction 63 3.2.6 Expansion Joints 63 3.3 Longitudinal Design Strategies 64 3.3.1 General Concepts 64 3.3.2 Ballasted Track 65 3.3.3 Ballastless Track 66 3.3.4 Actions to be Considered at the Fixed Point 66 3.4 Design Situation of High-Speed Railway Bridges 66 3.4.1 Short Crossing at Low Level 67 3.4.2 Long Structures 67 3.4.2.1 Low Profile 68 3.4.3 High-Level Viaducts 71 3.4.4 Long Span Structures 72 3.5 Structural Types 72 3.5.1 Straight Deck Solutions 72 3.5.1.1 Simply Supported Deck 72 3.5.1.2 Continuous Slab Concrete Decks 73 3.5.1.3 Precast Beam Decks 74 3.5.1.4 Concrete Box Hollow Sections 78 3.5.1.5 Steel Beam Decks 80 3.5.1.6 Steel Semi-through Decks 81 3.5.2 Truss Bridges 82 3.5.3 Arch Bridges 83 3.5.3.1 Upper Deck Bridges 83 3.5.3.2 Tied Arch Bridges 85 3.5.4 Cable-Supported Bridges 85 3.5.4.1 Extradosed Bridges 85 3.5.4.2 Cable-Stayed Bridges 86 3.5.4.3 Suspension Bridges 88 3.5.4.4 Hybrid Bridges 89 3.6 Structural Elements – Substructure 89 3.6.1 Abutments 90 3.6.1.1 Abutments with Expansion Joint in Structure Only 90 3.6.1.2 Abutments with Expansion Joint in Structure and Track 90 3.6.1.3 Fixed Abutments 91 3.6.2 Piers 95 3.6.3 Bearings 95 3.6.3.1 General Bearing Layout 96 3.7 Seismic Design 99 3.7.1 Seismic Design Strategies 99 3.7.2 Seismic Behaviour and Deck Articulation 99 3.7.3 Longitudinal Behaviour 100 3.7.3.1 Simply Supported Spans 100 3.7.3.2 Continuous Deck 100 3.7.4 Transversal Behaviour 101 3.7.4.1 Introduction 101 3.7.4.2 Fixed Transversal Support 101 3.7.4.3 Transversal Damping Systems 102 3.7.4.4 Damping Devices Plus Bearings 104 3.8 Worked Example 106 3.8.1 Introduction: Aim and Data 106 3.8.1.1 Topography 106 3.8.1.2 Plan and Elevation 106 3.8.1.3 Railway Platform Section – Project Speed 106 3.8.1.4 Water Flood Level 107 3.8.1.5 Preliminary Geotechnical Data 107 3.8.2 Methodology 107 3.8.3 Critical Analysis of Existing Information 107 3.8.4 Determination of the Length of the Viaduct, Selection of the Fixed Point 108 3.8.5 Span Distribution 109 3.8.6 Deck Pre-dimensioning 109 3.8.7 Pre-design of the Infrastructure 112 3.8.7.1 Fixed Point 112 3.8.7.2 Bearings 112 3.8.7.3 Abutments 112 3.8.7.4 Piers 113 References 115 4 Design Basis 117 José Romo 4.1 Introduction 117 4.2 Design Situations 117 4.3 Rail Traffic Actions and Other Actions Specific of Railway Bridges 118 4.3.1 Permanent Loads 118 4.3.1.1 Self-Weight 118 4.3.1.2 Dead Loads 118 4.3.1.3 Partial Ballast Removal 119 4.3.2 Variable Loads 119 4.3.2.1 Vertical Live Loads 119 4.3.2.2 Traction and Braking Forces 121 4.3.2.3 Centrifugal Forces 122 4.3.2.4 Nosing Forces 123 4.3.2.5 Aerodynamic Actions from Passing Trains 123 4.3.2.6 Thermal Actions 123 4.3.2.7 Bearing Friction 124 4.3.3 Dynamics Effects 124 4.3.3.1 Introduction 124 4.3.3.2 Consideration of Dynamic Effects 125 4.3.4 Railway Vehicle Derailment 125 4.3.4.1 Railway Vehicle Impacts 125 4.4 Application of Traffic Loads on Railway Bridges 126 4.4.1 General 126 4.4.1.1 Load Situations for Structural Design 127 4.4.1.2 Load Situations for Limit State and Associated Acceptance Criteria 127 4.4.2 Groups of Loads 127 4.4.2.1 Characteristic Values of Multicomponent Action 127 4.5 Traffic Loads for Fatigue 128 4.6 Verifications Regarding Deformation and Vibrations for Railway Bridges 128 4.7 Worked Example 129 4.7.1 Introduction 129 4.7.1.1 Calculation of Reactions at Bearings: Pre-dimensioning 130 4.7.1.2 Calculation of Forces and Preliminary Design of the Fixed Abutment 130 4.7.2 Actions 130 4.7.2.1 Vertical Loads 130 4.7.2.2 Horizontal Forces 131 4.7.2.3 Wind Speed 132 4.7.3 Calculation of Reactions at Bearings: Pre-dimensioning 133 4.7.3.1 Vertical Forces 133 4.7.3.2 Centrifugal Forces 134 4.7.3.3 Wind at Unloaded State 135 4.7.3.4 Wind with Live Load 135 4.7.3.5 Reactions in Pier Heads 135 4.7.3.6 Transversal Wind Bearings Reactions 136 4.7.3.7 Loads per Bearings 136 4.7.4 Fixed Abutment Loads 137 4.7.4.1 Introduction 137 4.7.4.2 Loads Transmitted by the Deck 137 4.7.4.3 Forces Acting on the Abutment 138 References 140 5 Dynamic Behaviour of High-Speed Railway Bridges 143 Alejandro Pérez-Caldentey 5.1 Introduction 143 5.1.1 Resonance 143 5.1.2 Envelope Dynamic Factor 144 5.1.3 Dynamic Factor for Real Trains Obtained by Means of Analytical Formulations 145 5.1.4 Dynamic Factor Obtained by Dynamic Analysis 147 5.2 Methods for Dynamic Calculations and Structural Response 153 5.2.1 Modal Superposition 153 5.2.1.1 Matrix Formulation for Finite Element Analysis 153 5.2.1.2 Formulation Based on Assumed Eigenforms 155 5.2.2 Response to the Isolated Load 158 5.2.3 Response to the Train Loads 162 5.2.4 Effect of Damping 164 5.2.5 Dynamic Interaction Between Vehicle and Structure 165 5.3 Interoperability 167 5.3.1 Introduction 167 5.3.2 Universal Dynamic Train A 167 5.3.3 Universal Dynamic Train B 167 5.4 Application Examples 168 5.4.1 Case Without Dynamic Analysis 168 5.4.2 Case with Dynamic Analysis 169 References 183 6 Longitudinal Track–Structure Interaction 185 Manuel Cuadrado and Alejandro Pérez-Caldentey 6.1 Introduction 185 6.2 Problem Statement 185 6.3 Model for Analysis 188 6.3.1 General Considerations 188 6.3.1.1 Rails 189 6.3.1.2 Deck 189 6.3.1.3 Interaction Between Rails and Track Base 189 6.3.1.4 Bearings 189 6.3.1.5 Columns 190 6.3.1.6 Foundations 190 6.4 Actions 191 6.4.1 Temperature Variations 191 6.4.1.1 Case Without Track Joint 191 6.4.1.2 Case with Track Joint 191 6.4.2 Traction and Braking Forces 191 6.4.3 Vertical Loads 192 6.4.4 Creep and Shrinkage 192 6.4.5 Combination of Actions 193 6.5 Verifications 194 6.5.1 Verifications in Terms of Stresses 194 6.5.2 Verifications in Terms of Displacements 195 6.5.3 Criteria for Placing a Track Joint 196 6.6 Rail Expansion Joints 197 6.6.1 Design of REJs – Calculation of the Maximum Displacement 197 6.6.2 Regulation 201 6.6.3 Installation 201 6.7 Longitudinal Schemes 203 6.7.1 Continous Deck with a Single Fixed Point Located at One of the Abutments 203 6.7.1.1 General 203 6.7.1.2 Examples 204 6.7.2 Continous Deck with the Fixed Point Located on One of the Central Piers 211 6.7.2.1 General 211 6.7.3 Simply Supported Spans Without Longitudinal Continuity, with a Fixed Point on Each Span 211 6.7.3.1 General 211 6.7.3.2 Example 212 6.7.4 Fixed Points at the Two Abutments and a Structural Joint in the Middle 212 6.7.4.1 General 212 6.7.4.2 Example 214 6.7.5 Deck Divided into Several Continuous Stretches, Each One Including Several Spans and One Fixed Point 216 6.7.5.1 General 216 6.7.5.2 Example 217 6.7.6 Especial Situations 218 6.7.6.1 Seismic Design 218 6.7.6.2 Exceptional Geometries 226 6.7.6.3 Example of Exceptional Geometry 226 6.8 Example of Track–Structure Interaction 229 6.8.1 Verification of Stresses in the Rails 229 6.8.2 Verification of Horizontal Displacement at Abutment 2 Due to Braking and Traction Forces 231 6.8.3 Verification of Horizontal Displacement at Abutment 2 Due to Vertical Train Loads 232 6.8.4 Verification of Vertical Displacement at Abutment 2 Due to Vertical Train Loads and Temperature Variations 234 References 235 7 Conceptual Design for Maintenance 239 José Romo 7.1 Introduction 239 7.2 Accesses 240 7.2.1 Decks 240 7.2.2 Piers 240 7.2.3 Abutments 241 7.3 Bearings 242 7.4 Expansion Joints 243 7.5 Drainage 246 7.6 Conclusions 248 References 248 Appendix A Basic Concepts of Dynamics 249 Alejandro Pérez-Caldentey A. 1 Dynamics of Single Degree-of-Freedom Systems 249 A.. 1 Dynamic Response to Moving Loads (Dynamic Load Factor) 249 A.1. 2 Basics of Resonance 257 A.1. 3 Solution of the Equation of Motion of a SDOF Damped System Subjected to a Triangular Load 258 A..3. 1 Auxiliary Expressions – Integrals I 1 , I 2 , and Their Derivatives 259 A.1.3. 2 Solution for the damped SDOF System Subjected to a Triangular Load 261 Reference 262 Appendix B Singular Bridges for High-Speed Railway Lines 263 José Romo B. 1 Germany 263 B.. 1 Gemünden Bridge 264 B 1 Data Summary 264 B.1.1. 2 Description 264 Further Reading 264 B.1. 2 Veitshöchheim Bridge 266 B..2. 1 Data Summary 266 B.1.. 2 Description 266 Further Reading 266 B.1. 3 Pfieffetal Bridge 268 B..3. 1 Data Summary 268 B.1.3. 2 Description 268 Further Reading 268 B.1. 4 Nantenbach Bridge 270 B..4. 1 Data Summary 270 B.1.4. 2 Description 270 Further Reading 270 B.1. 5 Unstruttal Bridge 272 B..5. 1 Data Summary 272 B.1.5. 2 Description 272 Further Reading 272 B.1. 6 Gänsebachtal Viaduct 274 B..6. 1 Data Summary 274 B.1.6. 2 Description 274 Further Reading 274 B.1. 7 Hämerten Bridge 276 B..7. 1 Data Summary 276 B.1.7. 2 Description 276 Further Reading 276 B.1. 8 Filstal Bridge 278 B..8. 1 Data Summary 278 B.1.8. 2 Description 278 Further Reading 278 B. 2 France 281 B.2. 1 Garde-Adhémar Viaduct 282 B.2.. 1 Data Summary 282 B..1. 2 Description 282 Further Reading 282 B.. 2 Avignon Viaducts 284 B.2.2. 1 Data Summary 284 B 2 Description 284 Further Reading 284 B.2. 3 Mornas Viaduct 286 B.2.3. 1 Data Summary 286 B..3. 2 Description 286 Further Reading 286 B.2. 4 Savoureuse Viaduct 288 B.2.4. 1 Data Summary 288 B..4. 2 Description 288 Further Reading 288 B. 3 Spain 291 B.3. 1 Osera Bridge 292 B.3.. 1 Data Summary 292 B.3.1. 2 Description 292 Further Reading 292 B.3. 2 Llinars Del Vallès Viaduct 294 B.3.2. 1 Data Summary 294 B.3.. 2 Description 294 Further Reading 294 B.. 3 Salto Del Carnero Railway Bridge, Saragossa 296 B.3.3. 1 Data Summary 296 B.3.3. 2 Description 296 Further Reading 296 B.3. 4 Viaduct Over AP7 Riudellots de la Selva 298 B.3.4. 1 Data Summary 298 B.3.4. 2 Description 298 Further Reading 298 B.3. 5 Contreras Bridge 300 B.3.5. 1 Data Summary 300 B.3.5. 2 Description 300 Further Reading 300 B.3. 6 Viaduct Over River Ulla 302 B.3.6. 1 Data Summary 302 B.3.6. 2 Description 302 Further Reading 302 B.3. 7 Almonte Bridge 304 B.3.7. 1 Data Summary 304 B.3.7. 2 Description 304 Further Reading 304 B.3. 8 Alcántara Bridge 306 B.3.8. 1 Data Summary 306 B.3.8. 2 Description 306 Further Reading 306 B. 4 Japan 309 B.4. 1 Yashiro Bridge 310 B.4.. 1 Data Summary 310 B.4.1. 2 Description 310 Further Reading 310 B.4. 2 Kumagawa Bridge 312 B.4.2. 1 Data Summary 312 B.4.. 2 Description 312 B.4. 3 Sannai-Maruyama Bridge 314 B.4.3. 1 Data Summary 314 B.4.3. 2 Description 314 Further Reading 314 B. 5 China 317 B.5. 1 Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge 318 B.5.. 1 Data Summary 318 B.5.1. 2 Description 318 Further Reading 318 B.5. 2 Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge 320 B.5.2. 1 Data Summary 320 B.5.. 2 Description 320 Further Reading 320 B.5. 3 Tongling Yangtze River Bridge 322 B.5.3. 1 Data Summary 322 B.5.3. 2 Description 322 Further Reading 322 B.5. 4 Beipanjiang Bridge 324 B.5.4. 1 Data Summary 324 B.5.4. 2 Description 324 Further Reading 324 B.. 5 Yachihe Bridge 326 B.5.5. 1 Data Summary 326 B.5.5. 2 Description 326 Further Reading 326 B.5. 6 Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge 328 B.5.6. 1 Data Summary 328 B.5.6. 2 Description 328 Further Reading 328 Index 331
£80.75
Springer Vieweg Das selbstkompostierende Flachdach
Book SynopsisEinleitung.- Schadensmechanismus.- Feuchtevariable Dampfbremsen.- Grenzen des Machbaren.- Forschungsergebnisse.- Hygrothermische Simulationsberechnung.- Informationsdienst Holz.- Rechtliches.- Herstellungs- und Instandsetzungsziele.- Fazit.
£9.99
ICE Publishing NEC4 A Users Guide
Book Synopsis
£57.25
Whittles Publishing Introduction to Pointcloudmetry: Point Clouds
Book SynopsisThere is an enormous need to map cities, rivers, coasts, roads, industrial installations and infrastructure in general, and also vulnerable areas in full three dimensions. It has to be done accurately and in detail. The main technologies for detailed 3D mapping are based on imaging devices (photogrammetry) and Lidar sensors (laser scanning). These geodata acquisition technologies routinely acquire point clouds of billions of points and have matured rapidly since the mid-1990s. They have become key geodata sources for 3D city modelling, creation of digital twins and smart cities, and inspection of roads, railways, and natural features. Many GIS analysts extensively use point clouds in the form of digital elevation models. Pointcloudmetry is the specialized branch of geomatics that encompasses the acquisition and processing of point clouds captured by Lidar devices as well as point clouds derived from photogrammetric images. The technology allows accurate and detailed geo-information about earth-related objects, including the bare earth surface, to be obtained. This book covers the entire chain from the principles of geo-referencing and the basics of electromagnetic energy up to the generation of 2.5D and 3D geoinformation. The book provides vital knowledge about the fundamentals, idiosyncrasies and unparalleled potential of point cloud technology and is an indispensable aid to acquiring competent knowledge on the processing steps necessary for converting raw data into high quality 3D geo-information.Table of ContentsSetting light on the landscape; Electromagnetic energy; Laser light; Photogrammetry and 3D computer vision; Airborne Lidar; Ground-based Lidar; Survey peculiarities; Digital elevation models; Interpolation; Ground filtering; Feature detection from images and point clouds; Point cloud processing software; Pilot studies and applications
£85.50
