Civil engineering, surveying and building Books

Book SynopsisThis book unravels the mysteries behind humanity''s greatest masterpieces. Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Think AgainDiscover the secret method used to build the worldFor millennia, humans have used one simple method to solve problems. Whether it''s planting crops, building skyscrapers, developing photographs, or designing the first microchip, all creators follow the same steps to engineer progress. But this powerful method, the engineering method, is an all but hidden process that few of us have heard oflet alone understandbut that influences every aspect of our lives.Bill Hammack, a Carl Sagan award-winning professor of engineering and viral The Engineer Guy on Youtube, has a lifelong passion for the things we make, and how we make them. Now, for the first time, he reveals the invisible method behind every invention and takes us on a whirlwind tour of how humans built the world we know today. From the grand

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The industry-standard guide to structural engineeringâfully updated for the latest advances and regulationsFor 50 years, this internationally renowned handbook has been the go-to reference for structural engineering specifications, codes, technologies, and procedures. Featuring contributions from a variety of experts, the book has been revised to align with the codes that govern structural design and materials, including IBC, ASCE 7, ASCE 37, ACI, AISC, AASHTO, NDS, and TMS. Concise, practical, and user-friendly, this one-of-a-kind resource contains real-world examples and detailed descriptions of todayâs design methods.Structural Engineering Handbook, Fifth Edition, covers:â  Computer applications in structural engineerinTable of ContentsPreface Chapter 1. Structural Loads Chapter 2. Structural AnalysisPart A. Fundamentals and Applications to Structural FrameworksPart B. Arches and Rigid Frames Chapter 3. The Finite-Element Method Chapter 4. Computer Applications in Structural Engineering Chapter 5. Earthquake-Resistant Design Chapter 6. Fracture and FatiguePart A. Concrete and CompositesPart B. Structural Steels Chapter 7. Soil Mechanics and Foundations Chapter 8. Design of Structural Steel Members Chapter 9. Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members Chapter 10. Aluminum Structural Design Chapter 11. Design of Reinforced-Concrete Structural Members Chapter 12. Design of Prestressed-Concrete Structural Members Chapter 13. Masonry Construction Chapter 14. Timber Structures Chapter 15. Bridge EngineeringPart A. Steel and Concrete BridgesPart B. Steel Box-Girder BridgesPart C. Curved Steel I-Girder BridgesPart D. Curved Steel Box-Girder BridgesPart E. Curved Concrete Box-Girder Bridges Chapter 16. Railroad Bridge Design Chapter 17. Industrial Buildings Chapter 18. Tall Buildings Chapter 19. Thin-Shell Concrete Structures Chapter 20. Cable-Supported Roofs Chapter 21. Reinforced-Concrete Silos Chapter 22. Design of Steel Tanks Chapter 23. Electrical Transmission and Substation Structures Chapter 24. Chimneys Chapter 25. Health Monitoring and Nondestructive Testing Chapter 26. Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Structural Engineering Chapter 27. Structural Fire Engineering Chapter 28. Disproportionate Collapse and Blast-Resistant DesignPart A. Structural Robustness and Disproportionate CollapsePart B. Blast-Resistant Design Chapter 29. FRP Strengthening of Reinforced-Concrete Members Chapter 30. Structural Glass and Glazing Chapter 31. Machine Foundations Chapter 32. Value Methodology Chapter 33. Stone Cladding References Index

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Book SynopsisNow in its third edition Construction Law by Julian Bailey is the definitive work of reference for construction law practitioners internationally. In three volumes, it provides the most comprehensive treatment of the major issues arising out of construction and engineering projects, with extensive references to case law, statutes and regulations, standard forms of contract and legal commentary. The book in its new updated form is an indispensable work of reference for law practitioners and is now accessibly priced for the post-graduate student market.Trade Review"The second edition of Construction Law stands upon the shoulders of the giant achievement that was the first, and encourages us to look forward to many further editions which will continue to illuminate our fascinating yet complex area of law. The international construction law community is once more in Julian Bailey’s debt." Matthew Bell, Construction Law International; "Bailey has once again created a practical epic, establishing himself as a virtuoso of construction law on an international scale. The second edition, like the first, is a friend to construction law, written as a guide to the field’s ins-and-outs and a tool to navigate its halls. I have full confidence in recommending this text to any practitioner or student in need of a comprehensive and authoritative collection of all things construction related." Professor Doug S Jones AO, International Construction Law Review; "The writing is efficient and pellucid…every section covers its scope with the right amount of detail, neither leaving the reader hungry for more, nor sedated by incursions into unnecessary detail."Stephen A. Hess, Construction Lawyer; "…outstanding…Wherever one looks, the completeness of coverage and case citation stands out as does the clarity of the exposition. Practitioners need this…this is a true practitioner’s work in an area where much law is made and practised here and overseas." Richard Wilmot-Smith QC, Law Quarterly Review; "Now in its second edition - eagerly anticipated by the legal profession internationally- Construction Law is firmly established as a classic. Indeed, it is one of the finest works in any branch of English or Australian commercial law published in the past half century.; Construction Law is a magisterial work. It is impossible to praise it too highly. The author has distilled principles from an enormous body of case law...and covered the breadth of construction law with great skill and clarity. One can only marvel at the author's extraordinary achievement." Michael Christie SC, Building and Construction Law JournalTable of ContentsVolume I Table of contents xi Foreword to the first edition Preface to the third edition Preface to the second edition Preface to the first edition Table of abbreviations Table of cases Table of arbitration awards Table of statutes Table of statutory instruments CHAPTER 1 THE LEGAL AND COMMERCIAL FRAMEWORKS 1 CHAPTER 2 CONTRACT FORMATION 47 CHAPTER 3 CONTRACT TERMS 127 CHAPTER 4 PROCUREMENT 253 CHAPTER 5 CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION 345 Index Volume II Volume contents xi CHAPTER 6 PRICE AND PAYMENT 437 CHAPTER 7 VARIATIONS 661 CHAPTER 8 THE SITE 695 CHAPTER 9 BREACH OF CONTRACT AND TERMINATION 773 CHAPTER 10 NEGLIGENCE 857 CHAPTER 11 TIME 961 CHAPTER 12 SECURITY FOR PERFORMANCE 1057 CHAPTER 13 DAMAGES 1143 CHAPTER 14 DEFECTS 1275 Index Volume III Volume contents xi CHAPTER 15 CONSULTANTS 1357 CHAPTER 16 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 1379 CHAPTER 17 INSURANCE 1401 CHAPTER 18 STATUTORY REGULATION OF WORK 1435 CHAPTER 19 HOME BUILDING CONTRACTS 1469 CHAPTER 20 SUBCONTRACTS, ASSIGNMENT, NOVATION, WAIVER AND ESTOPPEL 1531 CHAPTER 21 EMPLOYMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY 1581 CHAPTER 22 BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY 1655 CHAPTER 23 DISPUTE RESOLUTION 1689 CHAPTER 24 STATUTORY ADJUDICATION 1733 CHAPTER 25 ARBITRATION 1977 CHAPTER 26 LITIGATION 2121 Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction. 1. Introduction. Geotechnical Engineering. Foundation Engineering. Soil Exploration. Ground Improvement. Solution Methods. Numerical Modeling. Empiricism. Literature. References. Part I: GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES AND SOIL EXPLORATION. 2. Geotechnical Properties of Soil. Introduction. Grain-Size Distribution. Size Limits for Soil. Weight-Volume Relationships. Relative Density. Atterberg Limits. Liquidity Index. Activity. Soil Classification Systems. Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil. Steady-State Seepage. Effective Stress. Consolidation. Calculation of Primary Consolidation Settlement. Time Rate of Consolidation. Range of Coefficient of Consolidation, cv. Degree of Consolidation Under Ramp Loading. Shear Strength. Unconfined Compression Test. Comments on Friction Angle, ��'. Correlations of Undrained Shear Strength, cu. Sensitivity. Summary. Problems. References. 3. Natural Soil Deposits and Subsoil Exploration. Introduction. Natural Soil Deposits. Soil Origin. Residual Soil. Gravity-Transported Soil. Alluvial Deposits. Lacustrine Deposits. Glacial Deposits. Aeolian Soil Deposits. Organic Soil. Some Local Terms for Soil. Subsurface Exploration. Purpose of Subsurface Exploration. Subsurface Exploration Program. Exploratory Borings in the Field. Procedures for Sampling Soil. Split-Spoon Sampling and Standard Penetration Test. Sampling with a Scraper Bucket. Sampling with a Thin-Walled Tube. Sampling with a Piston Sampler. Observation of Water Tables. Vane Shear Test. Cone Penetration Test. Pressuremeter Test (PMT). Dilatometer Test. Iowa Borehole Shear Test. K0 Stepped-Blade Test. Coring of Rocks. Preparation of Boring Logs. Geophysical Exploration. Subsoil Exploration Report. Summary. Problems. References. Part II: SOIL IMPROVEMENT. 4. Soil Improvement and Ground Modification. Introduction. General Principles of Compaction. Empirical Relationships for Compaction. Field Compaction. Compaction Control for Clay Hydraulic Barriers. Vibroflotation. Blasting. Precompression. Sand Drains. Prefabricated Vertical Drains. Lime Stabilization. Cement Stabilization. Fly-Ash Stabilization. Stone Columns. Sand Compaction Piles. Dynamic Compaction. Jet Grouting. Deep Mixing. Summary. Problems. References. Part III: FOUNDATION ANALYSIS. 5. Shallow Foundations: Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Introduction. General Concept. Terzaghi���s Bearing Capacity Theory. Factor of Safety. Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table. The General Bearing Capacity Equation. Other Solutions for Bearing Capacity, Shape, Depth, and Inclination Factors. Case Studies on Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Effect of Soil Compressibility. Scale Effect on Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Eccentrically Loaded Foundations. Ultimate Bearing Capacity Under Eccentric Loading-One-Way Eccentricity. Bearing Capacity of a Continuous Foundation Subjected to Eccentrically Inclined Loading. Summary. Problems. References. 6. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations: Special Cases. Introduction. Bearing Capacity of Foundation on Anisotropic Sand. Bearing Capacity of Continuous Foundation Subjected to Normal Load. Foundation Supported by a Soil with a Rigid Base at Shallow Depth. Foundations on Layered Clay. Bearing Capacity of Layered Soil: Stronger Soil Underlain by Weaker Soil. Bearing Capacity of Layered Soil: Weaker Soil Underlain by Stronger Soil. Continuous Foundation on Weak Clay with a Granular Trench. Closely Spaced Foundations-Effect on Ultimate Bearing Capacity. Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Top of a Slope. Bearing Capacity of Foundations on a Slope. Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement in Granular Soil. Foundations on Rock. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Wedge-Shaped Foundation. Summary. Problems. References. 7. Vertical Stress Increase in Soil. Introduction. Stress Due to a Concentrated Load. Stress Due to a Circularly Loaded Area. Stress Due to a Line Load. Stress Below a Vertical Strip Load of Finite Width and Infinite Length. Stress Below a Horizontal Strip Load of Finite Width and Infinite Length. Symmetrical Vertical Triangular Strip Load on the Surface. Vertical Stress Increase Below a Flexible Circular Area-Parabolic and Conical Loading. Stress Below a Rectangular Area. Average Vertical Stress Increase Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area. Average Vertical Stress Increase Below the Center of a Circularly Loaded Area. Stress Increase under an Embankment. Westergaard's Solution for Vertical Stress Due to a Point Load. Stress Distribution for Westergaard Material. Summary. Problems. References. 8. Settlement of Shallow Foundations. Introduction. Elastic Settlement of Shallow Foundation on Saturated Clay. Elastic Settlement in Granular Soil. Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity. Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement. Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor. Settlement of Foundation on Sand Based on Standard Penetration Resistance. Settlement Based on Pressuremeter Test (PMT). Settlement Estimation Using the L1 - L2 Method. Consolidation Settlement. Primary Consolidation Settlement Relationships. Three-Dimensional Effect on Primary Consolidation Settlement. Settlement Due to Secondary Consolidation. Field Load Test. Presumptive Bearing Capacity. Tolerable Settlement of Buildings. Improvement of Soil for Shallow Foundation Construction. Summary. Problems. References. 9. Mat Foundations. Introduction. Combined Footings. Common Types of Mat Foundations. Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations. Differential Settlement of Mats. Field Settlement Observations for Mat Foundations. Compensated Foundation. Structural Design of Mat Foundations. Summary. Problems. References 10. Uplift Capacity of Shallow Foundations and Helical Anchors. Introduction. Foundations on Granular Soil. Foundations on Cohesive Soil. General Dimensions of a Helical Anchor. Geometrical Parameters, Failure Mode in Sand, and Ultimate Load Determination. Deep Helical Anchors in Sand. Helical Anchors in Clay (�� = 0 Condition). Summary. Problems. References. 11. Pile Foundations. Introduction. Pile Materials. Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) Piles. Estimating Pile Length. Installation of Piles. Load Transfer Mechanism. Equations for Estimating Pile Capacity. Meyerhof's Method for Estimating Qp. Janbu���s Method-Estimation of Qp. Vesic's Method for Estimating Qp. Coyle and Castello's Method for Estimating Qp in Sand. Correlations for Calculating Qp with SPT and CPT Results in Granular Soil. Frictional Resistance (Qs) in Sand. Comparison of Theory with Field Load Test Results (Granular Soil). Frictional (Skin) Resistance in Clay. Ultimate Capacity of Continuous Flight Auger Pile. Point Bearing Capacity of Piles Resting on Rock. Pile Load Tests. Elastic Settlement of Piles. Laterally Loaded Piles. Pile-Driving Formulas. Pile Capacity for Vibration-Driven Piles. Wave Equation Analysis. Negative Skin Friction. Group Piles. Group Efficiency. Ultimate Capacity of Group Piles in Saturated Clay. Elastic Settlement of Group Piles. Consolidation Settlement of Group Piles. Piles in Rock. Summary. Problems. References. 12. Drilled Shaft Foundations. Introduction. Types of Drilled Shafts. Construction Procedures. Other Design Considerations. Load Transfer Mechanism. Estimation of Load-Bearing Capacity. Load-Bearing Capacity in Granular Soil. Load-Bearing Capacity in Granular Soil Based on Settlement. Load-Bearing Capacity in Clay. Load-Bearing Capacity in Clay Based on Settlement. Settlement of Drilled Shafts at Working Load. Lateral Load-Carrying Capacity-Characteristic Load and Moment Method. Drilled Shafts Extending into Rock. Summary. Problems. References. 13. Foundations on Difficult Soil. Introduction. Collapsible Soil. Definition and Types of Collapsible Soil. Physical Parameters for Identification. Procedure for Calculating Collapse Settlement. Foundations in Soil Not Susceptible to Wetting. Foundations in Soil Susceptible to Wetting. Expansive Soils. General Nature of Expansive Soil. Unrestrained Swell Test. Swelling Pressure Test. Classification of Expansive Soil on the Basis of Index Tests. Foundation Considerations for Expansive Soil. Construction on Expansive Soil. Sanitary Landfills. General Nature of Sanitary Landfills. Settlement of Sanitary Landfills. Summary. Problems. References. Part IV: LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE AND EARTH-RETAINING STRUCTURES. 14. Lateral Earth Pressure. Introduction. Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest. Active Pressure. Rankine Active Earth Pressure. A Generalized Case for Rankine Active Pressure-Granular Backfill. Rankine Active Pressure with Vertical Wall Backface and Inclined c'-��' Soil Backfill. Coulomb's Active Earth Pressure. Active Earth Pressure for Translation of Retaining Wall-Granular Backfill. Lateral Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge. Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Conditions-Granular Backfill. Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Condition (Vertical Backface of Wall and c'-��' Backfill). Passive Pressure. Rankine Passive Earth Pressure. A Generalized Case for Rankine Passive Pressure-Granular Backfill. Coulomb's Passive Earth Pressure. Comments on the Failure Surface Assumption for Coulomb���s Pressure Calculations. Caquot and Kerisel Solution for Passive Earth Pressure (Granular Backfill). Solution for Passive Pressure by Shields and Tolunay (1973) (Granular Backfill). Summary. Problems. References. 15. Retaining Walls. Introduction. Gravity and Cantilever Walls. Proportioning Retaining Walls. Application of Lateral Earth Pressure Theories to Design. Equivalent Fluid Method for Determination of Earth Pressure. Stability of Retaining Walls. Check for Overturning. Check for Sliding Along the Base. Check for Bearing Capacity Failure. Construction Joints and Drainage from Backfill. Comments on Design of Retaining Walls. Gravity Retaining-Wall Design for Earthquake Conditions. Mechanically Stabilized Retaining Walls. Soil Reinforcement. Considerations in Soil Reinforcement. General Design Considerations. Retaining Walls with Metallic Strip Reinforcement. Step-by-Step-Design Procedure Using Metallic Strip Reinforcement. Retaining Walls with Geotextile Reinforcement. Retaining Walls with Geogrid Reinforcement-General. Design Procedure for Geogrid-Reinforced Retaining Wall. Summary. Problems. References. 16. Sheet-Pile Walls. Introduction. Construction Methods. Cantilever Sheet-Pile Walls. Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Sandy Soils. Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating a Sandy Soil. Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Clay. Special Cases for Cantilever Walls Penetrating Clay. Anchored Sheet-Pile Walls. Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Sandy Soil. Design Charts for Free Earth Support Method (Penetration into Sandy Soil). Moment Reduction for Anchored Sheet-Pile Walls Penetrating into Sand. Computational Pressure Diagram Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil. Field Observations for Anchor Sheet-Pile Walls. Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay. Anchors. Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand. Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Clay (�� = 0 Condition). Ultimate Resistance of Tiebacks. Summary. Problems. References. 17. Braced Cuts. Introduction. Braced-Cut Analysis Based on General Wedge Theory. Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design. Pressure Envelope for Cuts in Layered Soil. Tschebotarioff���s Pressure Envelopes. Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut. Case Studies of Braced Cuts. Bottom Heave of a Cut in Clay. Stability of the Bottom of a Cut in Sand. Lateral Yielding of Sheet Piles and Ground Settlement. Summary. Problems. References. Answers to Problems. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents an in-depth and deeply engaged conversation among interfaith religious leaders and interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners in pursuit of an ethical consensus that could ground sustainable development efforts.Trade ReviewIn Ethics in Action for Sustainable Development, religious leaders of many faiths and scholars of many disciplines address the ethics of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Their message is timely and hopeful: the world’s great religious and ethical traditions share the common commitment to end poverty, assure social justice, and achieve environmental sustainability. The world can indeed come together to build the Future We Want. -- Ban Ki-moon, former secretary-general of the United NationsI came away from this book with a lot of new information and ideas but also a sense of relief: maybe it isn't too late; maybe humanity and much of the other life on the planet is not irrevocably lost and without hope. Ethics in Action for Sustainable Development brings together a broad coalition of authors from disparate disciplines and shows how all of their work is connected to the pressing need to address environmental degradation. -- Philip J. Ivanhoe, author of Oneness: East Asian Conceptions of Virtue, Happiness, and How We Are All ConnectedTable of ContentsForeword, by Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch BartholomewIntroduction, by Jeffrey D. Sachs and Owen FlanaganPart I: Advancing the Common Good: Shared Virtues and Visions of Well-Being1. The Vision and Values of the Sustainable Development Goals, by Jeffrey D. Sachs2. A Social Movement to Make the Last First, by Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo3. Virtue Across Traditions: Common Ground?, by Owen Flanagan4. Secular Ethics, Moral Capital, and the Sustainable Development Goals, by Owen Flanagan5. The Current Resurgence of Interest in the Civil Economy Paradigm, by Stefano ZamagniPart II: Religious Traditions and the Common Good6. The Confucian Conception of the Common Good in Contemporary China, by Anna Sun7. Hinduism: “Consider the common good in all actions,” by Anantanand Rambachan8. Judaism and the Common Good, by David Rosen9. Buddhism and the Common Good, by Kyoichi Sugino10. Greek Orthodoxy and the Common Good, by John D. Zizioulas and Jesse Thorson11. Catholicism and the Common Good, by Daniel G. Groody12. Islam and the Common Good, by Hamza YusufPart III: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Poverty13. The Challenge of Global Poverty, by Jeffrey D. Sachs14. Ethical Actions to End Poverty, by Anthony Annett15. Community-Based Poverty Reduction, by Jennifer Gross16. Judaism and Poverty, by David RosenPart IV: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Peace17. On Peace and a Moral Framework for Statecraft, by Jeffrey D. Sachs18. Advancing Shared Well-Being as a Multireligious Vision of Positive Peace, by William F. Vendley19. Building Peace: Strategies, Resources, and Religions, by R. Scott ApplebyPart V: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Migration20. The Drivers of Migration, by Jeffrey D. Sachs21. A Muslim Perspective on Refugees, by Hamza Yusuf22. Migration and Refugees: A Christian Perspective, by Daniel G. GroodyPart VI: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Businesses as Agents of Sustainable Development23. Toward a Laudato si’ Coherent Corporate Responsibility Management, by Klaus M. Leisinger24. Sustainable Investment and Ethics in Action, by Kerry Kennedy25. The Case for Business in Achieving the SDGs, by Jacqueline CorbelliPart VII: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Education26. The Challenge of Education, by Jeffrey D. Sachs27. What Will It Take to Meet the Sustainable Development Goal for Education?, by Radhika Iyengar28. “Only Connect”: Neuroscience, Technology, and Global Literacy, by Maryanne WolfPart VIII: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Climate Justice29. Climate Disruption: A Personal Journey Into the Ethical and Moral Issues, by Veerabhadran Ramanathan30. The Religious Case for Environmental Care, by Emmanuel Adamakis31. Health Justice Is Climate Justice, by Ted Smith and Christina Lee Brown32. Environmental Injustice: How Treaties Undermine the Right to a Healthy Environment, by Lisa Sachs, Ella Merrill, and Lise Johnson33. Ethics in Action and Divestment, by Erin LothesPart IX: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Modern Slavery, Human Trafficking, and Access to Justice for the Poor and Vulnerable34. Actualizing Justice for the Poor, by Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo35. Multireligious Action Against Modern Slavery and Trafficking, by William F. Vendley36. Violence Against the Poor and Ethics in Action, by Sharon Cohn WuPart X: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Indigenous Peoples37. Care of the Earth, Care of the Soul: Indigenous Communities and Inner Climate Change, by T8aminik (Dominique) Rankin, Marie-Josée Tardif, and Daniel G. Groody38. Practical Approaches to Sustainable Development in Indigenous Communities and Traditional Populations of the Amazon, by Virgilio VianaPart XI: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: Corruption39. Understanding and Combatting Corruption, by Sean Hagan40. The Role of Institutions in Fighting Corruption, by Jermyn BrooksPart XII: An Ethical Consensus on Sustainable Development: The Future of Work41. Unions and the Future of Work, by Sharan Burrow42. The Coming AI Revolution: Is This Time Different?, by Carl Benedikt Frey43. Slow but Sure: Cooperatives and Integral Ecology, by Nathan Schneider44. The End of Work as We Know It: A Muslim Perspective, by Hamza YusufConclusion: Toward a Moral Economy, by Anthony Annett and Jesse ThorsonList of ContributorsIndex

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisApplied Numerical Methods with MATLAB is designed to support a one-semester course in numerical methods. It has been written for students who want to learn and apply numerical methods in order to solve problems in engineering and science. As such, the methods are motivated by problems rather than by mathematics. That said, sufficient theory is provided so students come away with insight into the techniques and their shortcomings.This title will be available in Connect, featuring SmartBook, the MHeBook, and homework problems. Instructor Resources available for this title include: Image Library, Instructor Solutions Manual, Lecture PowerPoints, and MatLab Files.Table of Contents1 Mathematical Modeling, Numerical Methods, and Problem Solving2 MATLAB Fundamentals3 Programming with MATLAB4 Roundoff and Truncation Errors5 Roots: Bracketing Methods6 Roots: Open Methods7 Optimization8 Linear Algebraic Equations and Matrices9 Gauss Elimination10 LU Factorization11 Matrix Inverse and Condition12 Iterative Methods13 Eigenvalues14 Linear Regression15 General Linear Least-Squares and Nonlinear Regression16 Fourier Analysis17 Polynomial Interpolation18 Splines and Piecewise Interpolation19 Numerical Integration Formulas20 Numerical Integration of Functions21 Numerical Differentiation22 Initial-Value Problems23 Adaptive Methods and Stiff Systems24 Boundary-Value Problems

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Geotechnical Engineering -- A Historical Perspective. 2. Origins of Soil and Grain Size. 3. Weight-Volume Relationships. 4. Plasticity and Structure of Soil. 5. Classification of Soil. 6. Soil Compaction. 7. Permeability. 8. Seepage. 9. In Situ Stresses. 10. Stresses in a Soil Mass. 11. Compressibility of Soil ���- Elastic Settlement. 12. Consolidation. 13. Shear Strength of Soil. 14. Lateral Earth Pressure: At-Rest, Rankine, and Coulomb. 15. Lateral Earth Pressure: Curved Failure Surface. 16. Slope Stability. 17. Soil-Bearing Capacity for Shallow Foundations. 18. Subsoil Exploration. 19. An Introduction to Geosynthetics. Answers to Selected Problems. Index.

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Book SynopsisUnderstanding fire dynamics and combustion is essential in fire safety engineering and in fire science curricula. Engineers and students involved in fire protection, safety and investigation need to know and predict how fire behaves to be able to implement adequate safety measures and hazard analyses.Trade Review"... this is an excellent textbook for teaching or learning Fire dynamics!" (Fire Technology, January 2007) "... an excellent textbook for teaching or learning fire dynamics... comprehensive and useful...." (Fire Technology, October 2006)Table of ContentsPreface xiii Nomenclature xvii 1 Introduction to Fire 1 1.1 Fire in History 1 1.2 Fire and Science 2 1.3 Fire Safety and Research in the Twentieth Century 8 1.4 Outlook for the Future 10 1.5 Introduction to This Book 11 1.5.1 Thermodynamics 13 1.5.2 Fluid mechanics 14 1.5.3 Heat and mass transfer 15 1.5.4 Supportive references 16 References 17 Problems 17 2 Thermochemistry 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Chemical Reactions 20 2.3 Gas Mixture 23 2.4 Conservation Laws for Systems 25 2.4.1 Constant pressure reaction 27 2.4.2 Heat of combustion 28 2.4.3 Adiabatic flame temperature 29 2.5 Heat of Formation 30 2.6 Application of Mass and Energy Conservation in Chemical Reactions 31 2.7 Combustion Products in Fire 35 References 41 Problems 41 3 Conservation Laws for Control Volumes 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 The Reynolds Transport Theorem 50 3.3 Relationship between a Control Volume and System Volume 53 3.4 Conservation of Mass 54 3.5 Conservation of Mass for a Reacting Species 56 3.6 Conservation of Momentum 59 3.7 Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume 61 Problems 70 4 Premixed Flames 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Reaction Rate 78 4.3 Autoignition 80 4.4 Piloted Ignition 85 4.5 Flame Speed, Su 88 4.5.1 Measurement techniques 89 4.5.2 Approximate theory 90 4.5.3 Fuel lean results 93 4.5.4 Heat loss effects and extinction 93 4.6 Quenching Diameter 95 4.7 Flammability Limits 98 4.8 Empirical Relationships for the Lower Flammability Limit 102 4.9 A Quantitative Analysis of Ignition, Propagation and Extinction 105 4.9.1 Autoignition calculations 105 4.9.2 Piloted ignition calculations 107 4.9.3 Flame propagation and extinction calculations 107 4.9.4 Quenching diameter calculations 108 References 109 Problems 110 5 Spontaneous Ignition 117 5.1 Introduction 117 5.2 Theory of Spontaneous Ignition 119 5.3 Experimental Methods 124 5.4 Time for Spontaneous Ignition 127 References 130 Problems 131 6 Ignition of Liquids 135 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Flashpoint 135 6.3 Dynamics of Evaporation 137 6.4 Clausius–Clapeyron Equation 141 6.5 Evaporation Rates 146 References 154 Problems 154 7 Ignition of Solids 159 7.1 Introduction 159 7.2 Estimate of Ignition Time Components 161 7.2.1 Chemical time 161 7.2.2 Mixing time 162 7.2.3 Pyrolysis 163 7.3 Pure Conduction Model for Ignition 164 7.4 Heat Flux in Fire 166 7.4.1 Typical heat flux levels 166 7.4.2 Radiation properties of surfaces in fire 167 7.4.3 Convective heating in fire 167 7.4.4 Flame radiation 169 7.4.5 Heat flux measurements 170 7.4.6 Heat flux boundary conditions 170 7.5 Ignition in Thermally Thin Solids 171 7.5.1 Criterion for thermally thin 171 7.5.2 Thin theory 172 7.5.3 Measurements for thin materials 174 7.6 Ignition of a Thermally Thick Solid 176 7.6.1 Thick theory 176 7.6.2 Measurements for thick materials 180 7.6.3 Autoignition and surface ignition 182 7.7 Ignition Properties of Common Materials 184 References 188 Problems 188 8 Fire Spread on Surfaces and Through Solid Media 191 8.1 Introduction 191 8.2 Surface Flame Spread – The Thermally Thin Case 194 8.3 Transient Effects 198 8.4 Surface Flame Spread for a Thermally Thick Solid 200 8.5 Experimental Considerations for Solid Surface Spread 202 8.5.1 Opposed flow 202 8.5.2 Wind-aided 207 8.6 Some Fundamental Results for Surface Spread 210 8.7 Examples of Other Flame Spread Conditions 213 8.7.1 Orientation effects 213 8.7.2 Porous media 215 8.7.3 Liquid flame spread 216 8.7.4 Fire spread through a dwelling 217 References 219 Problems 220 9 Burning Rate 227 9.1 Introduction 227 9.2 Diffusive Burning of Liquid Fuels 233 9.2.1 Stagnant layer 233 9.2.2 Stagnant layer solution 237 9.2.3 Burning rate – an eigenvalue 241 9.3 Diffusion Flame Variables 243 9.3.1 Concentrations and mixture fractions 243 9.3.2 Flame temperature and location 246 9.4 Convective Burning for Specific Flow Conditions 248 9.5 Radiation Effects on Burning 255 9.6 Property Values for Burning Rate Calculations 259 9.7 Suppression and Extinction of Burning 261 9.7.1 Chemical and physical factors 261 9.7.2 Suppression by water and diluents 262 9.8 The Burning Rate of Complex Materials 267 9.9 Control Volume Alternative to the Theory of Diffusive Burning 269 9.9.1 Condensed phase 271 9.9.2 Gas phase 274 9.10 General Considerations for Extinction Based on Kinetics 277 9.10.1 A demonstration of the similarity of extinction in premixed and diffusion flames 279 9.11 Applications to Extinction for Diffusive Burning 281 References 285 Problems 286 10 Fire Plumes 297 10.1 Introduction 297 10.2 Buoyant Plumes 302 10.2.1 Governing equations 302 10.2.2 Plume characteristic scales 306 10.2.3 Solutions 308 10.3 Combusting Plumes 311 10.4 Finite Real Fire Effects 313 10.4.1 Turbulent axial flame temperatures 313 10.4.2 Plume temperatures 317 10.4.3 Entrainment rate 319 10.4.4 Flame height 322 10.4.5 Jet flames 323 10.4.6 Flame heights for other geometries 325 10.5 Transient Aspects of Fire Plumes 326 10.5.1 Starting plume 327 10.5.2 Fireball or thermal 328 References 332 Problems 334 11 Compartment Fires 339 11.1 Introduction 339 11.1.1 Scope 340 11.1.2 Phases of fires in enclosures 340 11.2 Fluid Dynamics 342 11.2.1 General flow pattern 342 11.2.2 Vent flows 343 11.3 Heat Transfer 347 11.3.1 Convection 348 11.3.2 Conduction 348 11.3.3 Radiation 349 11.3.4 Overall wall heat transfer 351 11.3.5 Radiation loss from the vent 351 11.4 Fuel Behavior 352 11.4.1 Thermal effects 352 11.4.2 Ventilation effects 353 11.4.3 Energy release rate (firepower) 354 11.5 Zone Modeling and Conservation Equations 355 11.5.1 Conservation relationships 356 11.5.2 Dimensionless factors in a solution 357 11.6 Correlations 358 11.6.1 Developing fires 358 11.6.2 Fully developed fires 360 11.7 Semenov Diagrams, Flashover and Instabilities 365 11.7.1 Fixed area fire 366 11.7.2 Second item ignition 366 11.7.3 Spreading fires 368 References 369 Problems 370 12 Scaling and Dimensionless Groups 377 12.1 Introduction 377 12.2 Approaches for Establishing Dimensionless Groups 378 12.2.1 Buckingham pi method 379 12.2.2 Partial differential equation (PDE) method 379 12.2.3 Dimensional analysis 380 12.3 Dimensionless Groups from the Conservation Equations 380 12.3.1 Conservation of mass 381 12.3.2 Conservation of momentum 381 12.3.3 Energy equation 382 12.3.4 Heat losses 384 12.3.5 Mass flows 385 12.3.6 Liquid droplets 386 12.3.7 Chemical species 388 12.3.8 Heat flux and inconsistencies 389 12.3.9 Summary 392 12.4 Examples of Specific Correlations 394 12.4.1 Plume interactions with a ceiling 395 12.4.2 Smoke filling in a leaky compartment 396 12.4.3 Burning rate 397 12.4.4 Compartment fire temperature 398 12.4.5 Effect of water sprays on fire 400 12.5 Scale Modeling 401 12.5.1 Froude modeling 402 12.5.2 Analog scaling methods 403 References 407 Appendix 409 Flammability Properties 409 Archibald Tewarson 409 Index 435

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Book SynopsisDiscover the essential components of two market-leading engineering texts in one powerful combined book. FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, 5E offers a concise blend of critical information from Braja Das' market leading PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING and PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDATION ENGINEERING. This valuable, cohesive book focuses on the fundamental concepts of both soil mechanics and foundation engineering without the distraction of excessive details or cumbersome alternatives. A wealth of worked-out examples and useful supporting figures help you master key concepts and gain essential problem-solving skills. Prestigious authors Das and Sivakugan carefully balance today's most current research with practical field applications in a proven approach that has made Das' books undisputed leaders in the field. Accompanying resources, including MindTap, further reinforce the key geotechnical engineering skills you need.Table of Contents1. GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ��� FROM THE BEGINNING. Geotechnical Engineering Prior to the 18th Century. Pre-classical Period of Soil Mechanics (1700���1776). Classical Soil Mechanics ��� Phase I (1776���1856). Classical Soil Mechanics ��� Phase II (1856���1910). Modern Soil Mechanics (1910���1927). Geotechnical Engineering after 1927. End of an Era. 2. SOIL DEPOSITS ��� ORIGIN, GRAIN-SIZE, AND SHAPE. Rock Cycle and the Origin of Soil. Soil Deposits--General. Residual Soil. Gravity Transported Soil. Alluvial Deposits. Lacustrine Deposits. Glacial Deposits. Aeolian Soil Deposits. Organic Soil. Soil���Grain Size. Clay Minerals. Specific Gravity (Gs). Mechanical Analysis of Soil. Sieve Analysis. Hydrometer Analysis. Effective Size, Uniformity Coefficient, and Coefficient of Gradation. Grain Shape. 3. WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS AND PLASTICITY. Weight���Volume Relationships. Relationships among Unit Weight, Void Ratio, Moisture Content, and Specific Gravity. Relationships among Unit Weight, Porosity, and Moisture Content. Various Unit Weight Relationships. Relative Density. Consistency of Soil. Activity. Liquidity Index. Plasticity Chart. 4. SOIL CLASSIFICATION. AASHTO Soil Classification System. Unified Classification System (USCS), Visual Identification of Soils. 5. SOIL COMPACTION. Compaction ��� General Principles. Standard Proctor Test. Factors Affecting Compaction. Modified Proctor Test. Empirical Relationships. Field Compaction. Specifications for Field Compaction. Determination of Field Unit Weight after Compaction. Effect of Compaction on Cohesive Soil Properties. Other Ground Improvement Methods. 6. HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY. Bernoulli's Equation. Darcy's Law. Hydraulic Conductivity. Laboratory Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity. Empirical Relations for Hydraulic Conductivity. Equivalent Hydraulic Conductivity in Stratified Soil. Permeability Test in the Field by Pumping from Wells. 7. SEEPAGE. Laplace's Equation of Continuity. Flow Nets. Seepage Calculation from a Flow Net. Flow Nets in Anisotropic Soil. 8. STRESSES IN A SOIL MASS. EFFECTIVE STRESS CONCEPT. Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage. Stresses in Saturated Soil with Seepage. Seepage Force. Heaving in Soil Due to Flow around Sheet Piles. VERTICAL STRESS INCREASE DUE TO VARIOUS TYPES OF LOADING. Stress Caused by a Point Load. Vertical Stress Caused by a Line Load. Vertical Stress Below a Uniformly Loaded Circular Area. Vertical Stress Caused by a Rectangularly Loaded Area. 9. CONSOLIDATION. Fundamentals of Consolidation. One-Dimensional Laboratory Consolidation Test. Void Ratio���Pressure Plots. Normally Consolidated and Overconsolidated Clays. Effect of Disturbance on Void Ratio���Pressure Relationship. Calculation of Settlement from One-Dimensional Primary Consolidation. Compression Index (Cc) and Swell Index (Cs). Settlement from Secondary Consolidation. Time Rate of Consolidation. Coefficient of Consolidation. Calculation of Primary Consolidation Settlement under a Foundation. Skempton���Bjerrum Modification for Consolidation Settlement. Effects of Initial Excess Pore Pressure Distribution of U-Tv Relationship. Construction Time Correction of Consolidation Settlement. 10. SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL. Mohr���Coulomb Failure Criteria. Inclination of the Plane of Failure Caused by Shear. LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS. Direct Shear Test. Triaxial Shear Test. Consolidated���Drained Test. Consolidated���Undrained Test. Unconsolidated���Undrained Test. Unconfined Compression Test on Saturated Clay. Selection of Shear Strength Parameters. Sensitivity and Thixotropy of Clay. Anisotropy in Undrained Shear Strength. 11. GROUND IMPROVEMENT. CHEMICAL STABILIZATION. Lime Stabilization. Cement Stabilization. Fly���Ash Stabilization. MECHANICAL STABILIZATION. Vibroflotation. Dynamic Compaction. Blasting. Precompression. Sand Drains. 12. SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION. Subsurface Exploration Program. Exploratory Borings in the Field. Procedures for Sampling Soil. Split���Spoon Sampling and Standard Penetration Test. Sampling with Thin Wall Tube. Observation of Water Levels. Vane Shear Test. Cone Penetration Test. Pressuremeter Test (PMT). Dilatometer Test. Coring of Rocks. Preparation of Boring Logs. Geophysical Exploration. Soil Exploration Report. Field Instrumentation. 13. SLOPE STABILITY. Factor of Safety. Stability of Infinite Slopes. Finite Slopes. Analysis of Finite Slope with Circularly Cylindrical Failure Surface--General. Mass Procedure of Stability Analysis (Circularly Cylindrical Failure Surface). Method of Slices. Bishop's Simplified Method of Slices. Analysis of Simple Slopes with Steady���State Seepage. Mass Procedure for Stability of Clay Slopes with Earthquake Forces. 14. LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE. Earth Pressure at Rest. Rankine's Theory of Active and Passive Earth Pressures. Diagrams for Lateral Earth Pressure Distribution against Retaining Walls. Rankine's Active Pressure with Sloping Granular Backfill. Coulomb's Earth Pressure Theory-- Retaining Walls with Friction. Passive Pressure Assuming Curved Failure Surface in Soil. 15. RETAINING WALLS, BRACED CUTS, AND SHEET PILE WALLS. RETAINING WALLS. Retaining Walls--General. Proportioning Retaining Walls. Application of Lateral Earth Pressure Theories to Design. Check for Overturning. Check for Sliding along the Base. Check for Bearing Capacity Failure MECHANICALLY STABILIZED EARTH RETAINING WALLS. Mechanically Stabilized Earth. General Design Considerations. Retaining Walls with Metallic Strip Reinforcement. Step���by���Step Design Procedure Using Metallic Strip Reinforcement. Retaining Walls with Geotextile Reinforcement. Retaining Walls with Geogrid Reinforcement. BRACED CUTS. Braced Cuts--General. Lateral Earth Pressure in Braced Cuts. Soil Parameters for Cuts in Layered Soil. Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut. Heave of the Bottom of a Cut in Clay. Lateral Yielding of Sheet Piles and Ground Settlement. SHEET PILE WALLS. Cantilever Sheet Pile Wall in Granular Soils (c' = 0). Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls in Cohesive Soils. Anchored Sheet Pile Wall. Deadman Anchor ��� A Simplified Approach. 16. SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ��� BEARING CAPACITY. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations--General Concepts. Terzaghi's Ultimate Bearing Capacity Theory. Modifications to Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Equation. Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table. The Factor of Safety. Eccentrically Loaded Foundations. Reduction Factor Method for Eccentrically Loaded Strip Foundations on Granular Soil. Shallow Foundation under Eccentrically Inclined Load. Foundations with Two���Way Eccentricity. Ultimate Bearing Capacity with Earthquake Condition. Mat Foundations--Common Types. Bearing Capacity for Mat Foundations. Compensated Foundations. 17. SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS. Elastic Settlement of Foundations on Saturated Clay Soils (��s = 0.5). Elastic Settlement Based on Theory of Elasticity. Range of Material Parameters for Computing Elastic Settlement. Improved Method for Settlement Calculation in Granular Soil. Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor. Allowable Bearing Pressure for Spread Footings in Sand Based on Settlement Consideration. Allowable Bearing Pressure for Mat Foundation in Sand. Effects of Water Table Rise on Elastic Settlement in Granular Soils. 18. PILE FOUNDATIONS. Need for Pile Foundations. Types of Piles and Their Structural Characteristics. Estimation of Pile Length. Installation of Piles. Load Transfer Mechanism. Equations for Estimation of Pile Capacity. Load Carrying Capacity of Pile Point, Qp. Frictional Resistance, Qs. Allowable Pile Capacity. Load���Carrying Capacity of Pile Point Resting on Rock. Elastic Settlement of Piles. Pile Load Tests. Pile���Driving Formulas. Negative Skin Friction. Group Piles ��� Efficiency. Elastic Settlement of Group Piles. Consolidation Settlement of Group Piles. 19. DRILLED SHAFTS. Types of Drilled Shafts. Construction Procedures. Estimation of Load??��Bearing Capacity. Drilled Shafts in Sand���Net Ultimate Load. Drilled Shafts in Clay���Net Ultimate Load. Settlement of Drilled Shafts at Working Load. Load���Bearing Capacity Based on Settlement. 20. LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD). Design Philosophy. Allowable Stress Design (ASD). Limit State Design (LSD) and Partial Safety Factors. APPENDIX A: GEOSYNTHETICS.

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Book SynopsisA fascinating and informative read for all those interested in the history of ICE and how it has grown as well as the civil engineering industry and its impact on the world in which we liveTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. An Institution is born 3. A learning society 4. Education, training and membership 5. Regional development 6. Professional conduct 7. Governance, influence and communication 8. Fragmentation, unification and self-regulation 9. Civil engineers at war 10. The library 11. The buildings 12. Contracts and management 13. The Presidents 14. Secretaries and staff

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The definitive guide to the theory of constraintsIn this authoritative volume, the world's top Theory of Constraints (TOC) experts reveal how to implement the ground-breaking management and improvement methodology developed by Dr. Eliyahu M. Goldratt. Theory of Constraints Handbook offers an in-depth examination of this revolutionary concept of bringing about global organization performance improvement by focusing on a few leverage points of the system. Clear explanations supplemented by examples and case studies define how the theory works, why it works, what issues are resolved, and what benefits accrue, and demonstrate how TOC can be applied to different industries and situations.Theory of Constraints Handbook covers:Table of ContentsSection I: What is TOC?; Chapter 1. Introduction to TOC--My Perspective; Section II: Critical Chain Project Management; Chapter 2. The Problems with Project Management; Chapter 3. A Critical Chain Project Management Primer; Chapter 4. Getting Durable Results with Critical Chain--A Field Report; Chapter 5. Making Change Stick; Chapter 6. Project Management in a Lean World--Translating Lean Six Sigma (LSS) into the Project Environment; Section III: Drum-Butter-Rope, Buffer Management and Distribution; Chapter 7. A Review of Literature on Drum-Butter-Rope, Buffer Management and Distribution; Chapter 8. DBR, Buffer Management, and VATI Flow; Chapter 9. From DBR to Simplified-DBR for Make-to-Order; Chapter 10. Managing Make-to-Stock and the Concept of Make-to-Availability; Chapter 11. Supply Chain Management; Chapter 12. Integrated Supply Chain; Section IV: Performance Measures; Chapter 13. Traditional Measures in Finance and Accounting, Problems, Literature Review, and TOC Measures; Chapter 14. Resolving Measurement/Performance Dilemmas; Chapter 15. Continuous Improvement and Auditing; Chapter 16. Holistic TOC Implementation Case Studies; Section V: Strategy, Marketing, and Sales; Chapter 17. Traditional Strategy Models and Theory of Constraints; Chapter 18. Theory of Constraints Strategy; Chapter 19. Strategy; Chapter 20. The Layers of Resistance--The Buy-In Process According to TOC; Chapter 21. Less is More--Applying the Flow Concepts to Sales; Chapter 22. Mafia Offers: Dealing With a Market Constraint; Section VI: Thinking Processes; Chapter 23. The TOC Thinking Processes; Chapter 24. Daily Management with TOC; Chapter 25. Thinking Processes Including S&T Trees; Chapter 26. TOC for Education; Chapter 27. Theory of Constraints in Prisons; Section VII: TOC in Services; Chapter 28. Services Management; Chapter 29. Theory of Constraints in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Chapter 30. Customer Support Services According to TOC; Chapter 31. Viable Vision for Health Care Systems; Chapter 32. TOC for Large-Scale Healthcare Systems; Section VIII: TOC in Complex Environments; Chapter 33. Theory of Constraints in Complex Organizations; Chapter 34. Applications of Strategy and Tactics Trees in Organizations; Chapter 35. Complex Environments; Chapter 36/ Combining Lean, Six Sigma, and the Theory of Constraints to Achieve Breakthrough Performance; Chapter 37. Using TOC in Complex Systems; Chapter 38. Theory of Constraints for Personal Productivity/Dilemmas; Selected Bibliography of Eliyahu M. Goldratt; Index

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to temporary structures in construction projects Temporary Structure Design is the first book of its kind, presenting students and professionals with authoritative coverage of the major concepts in designing temporary construction structures.Table of ContentsAbout the Author xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Statics Review 1 1.1. Statics Review 1 1.2. Units of Measure 1 1.2.1. Common Units of Measure 2 1.3. Statics 3 1.3.1. Centroids/Center of Gravity 4 1.3.2. Properties of Sections 7 2 Strength of Materials Review 18 2.1. Stress 18 2.1.1. Normal Stress 18 2.1.2. Bending Stress 19 2.1.3. Shear Stress 19 2.1.4. Horizontal Shear Stress 20 2.1.5. Modulus of Elasticity 22 2.2. Bending Moments 22 2.2.1. Maximum Bending Moments 22 2.2.2. Maximum Shear 23 2.2.3. Law of Superposition 23 2.3. Materials 24 2.3.1. Factors of Safety 24 2.3.2. Grades of Steel 24 2.3.3. Compact Beam 25 2.3.4. Wood 26 2.4. Deflection 27 2.5. Shear and Moment Diagrams 28 2.6. Beam Design 34 2.6.1. Combined Stress 41 3 Types of Loads on Temporary Structures 45 3.1. Supports and Connections on Temporary Structures 45 3.1.1. Forces and Loads on Temporary Structures 47 3.1.2. Materials—How Different Materials Create Different Forces 48 4 Scaffolding Design 59 4.1. Regulatory 59 4.2. Types of Scaffolding 59 4.3. Loading on Scaffolding 61 4.4. Scaffolding Factors of Safety 62 4.5. Scaffold Components 62 4.5.1. Planking 62 4.5.2. Bearers (Lateral Supports) 62 4.5.3. Runners 62 4.5.4. Posts 63 4.5.5. OSHA 63 4.6. Scaffold Design 63 4.6.1. Securing Scaffolding to the Structure 69 4.6.2. Hanging Scaffold 69 5 Soil Properties and Soil Loading 75 5.1. Soil Properties 75 5.1.1. Standard Penetration Test and Log of Test Borings 77 5.1.2. Unit Weights above and below the Water Table 78 5.1.3. Testing 81 5.2. Soil Loading 81 5.2.1. Soil Mechanics 81 5.2.2. Active Soil Pressure and Coefficient 82 5.2.3. Soil Pressure Theories 83 5.2.4. Soil Pressure Examples Using Rankine Theory 85 5.2.5. Soil Pressures Using State and Federal Department Standards 91 6 Soldier Beam, Lagging, and Tiebacks 104 6.1. System Description and Units of Measure 104 6.1.1. Beams/Piles 104 6.1.2. Lagging 105 6.1.3. Tiebacks 105 6.2. Materials 105 6.2.1. Steel AISC 105 6.2.2. Wood Species—National Design Specifications (NDS) for Wood Construction 106 6.2.3. Lagging 108 6.2.4. Soldier Beam Design 112 6.2.5. Tiebacks and Soil Nails 121 7 Sheet Piling and Strutting 130 7.1. Sheet Piling Basics 130 7.1.1. Materials 130 7.1.2. System Description and Unit of Measure 130 7.1.3. Driving Equipment 133 8 Pressure and Forces on Formwork and Falsework 155 8.1. Properties of Materials 155 8.1.1. Unit Weights 155 8.1.2. Forces from Concrete Placement 157 9 Concrete Formwork Design 178 9.1. General Requirements 178 9.1.1. Concrete Specifications 178 9.1.2. Types and Costs of Forms in Construction 179 9.2. Formwork Design 180 9.2.1. Bending, Shear, and Deflection 180 9.2.2. Form Design Examples Using All-Wood Materials with Snap Ties or Coil Ties 191 9.2.3. Formwork Charts 199 9.2.4. Estimating Concrete Formwork 219 9.3. Conclusion 228 10 Falsework Design 229 10.1. Falsework Risks 229 10.1.1. Falsework Accidents 230 10.1.2. Falsework Review Process 233 10.1.3. Falsework Design Criteria 235 10.1.4. Load Paths for Falsework Design 236 10.1.5. Falsework Design Using Formwork Charts 242 10.1.6. Bridge Project 262 11 Bracing and Guying 267 11.1. Rebar Bracing and Guying 268 11.2. Form Bracing with Steel Pipe and Concrete Deadmen 269 11.2.1. Life Application of Friction Forces 278 11.3. Rebar Guying on Highway Projects 279 11.4. Alternate Anchor Method 289 12 Trestles and Equipment Bridges 300 12.1. Basic Composition of a Standard Trestle 300 12.1.1. Foundation—Pipe, H Pile, and Wide-Flange and Composite Piles 301 12.1.2. Cap Beams—Wide-Flange Beams with Stiffeners 301 12.1.3. Stringers/Girders—Wide-Flange Beams Braced Together 303 12.1.4. Lateral Bracing 303 12.1.5. Decking—Timber or Precast Concrete Panels 306 12.1.6. Environmental Concerns 308 12.1.7. Stringer Design 325 12.1.8. Star Pile Design and Properties 340 12.2. Other Projects Utilizing Methods of Access 341 12.3. Conclusion 343 13 Support of Existing Structures 344 13.1. Basic Building Materials 345 13.1.1. Example 13.1 Pipe Unit Weight 346 13.1.2. Example 13.2 Existing Water Treatment Plant 347 13.1.3. Example 13.3 Temporary Pipe Supports 354 Appendixes 369 Appendix 1: Steel Beams (AISC) 371 Appendix 2: Steel Pipe 391 Appendix 3: H Pile (AISC) 393 Appendix 4: Allowable Buckling Stress 395 Appendix 5: Sheet Pile (Skyline) 397 Appendix 6: Wood Properties 401 Appendix 7: Formwork Charts (Williams) 404 Appendix 8: Form Hardware Values (Williams) 412 Appendix 9: Aluminum Beams (Aluma) 422 Index 425

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Book SynopsisBridges are great symbols of mankind's conquest of space. They are a monument to his vision and determination, but these alone are not enough. An appreciation of the mathematical theories underlying bridge design is essential to resist the physical forces of nature and gravity.Table of ContentsTypes and history of steel bridges; Types and properties of steel; Loads on bridges; Aims of design; Rolled beam and plate girder design; Stiffened compression flanges of box and plate girders; Cable-stayed bridges

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Book SynopsisAn important guide to the quantification of contract claims in the construction industry, updated third edition The substantially expanded third edition of Evaluating Contract Claims puts the spotlight on the quantification of claims in the construction industry after liability has been established, including by reference to the terms of several standard forms of contract in common use. The authors clearly demonstrate the potential alternative approaches to quantification, the processes, principles and standard of analysis required to produce acceptable claims for additional payment. The third edition covers a number of heads claims not considered in previous editions and offers an important guide for those working with building or engineering contracts. Evaluating Contract Claims explains in detail how the base from which evaluation of additional payments may be established, the effect of changes on the programme of work and the sources of Table of ContentsReviews xvii Preface xxi Acknowledgements xxvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Legal Basis 2 1.1.1 Forms of Contract 2 1.2 The Standard of Substantiation 4 1.2.1 SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 5 1.2.2 Direct and Time Consequences 7 1.2.3 Duty to Mitigate 9 1.3 Risks 12 1.3.1 Design Risks 12 1.3.2 Design Review 14 1.3.3 Professional Indemnity Insurance 14 1.3.4 Risk Analysis and Management 14 1.3.5 Risk Registers 16 1.3.6 Risks and Records 17 1.3.7 Reimbursable Risks 20 1.3.8 Non-reimbursable Risks 21 1.4 Sources of Change 22 1.4.1 The Process of Analysis 22 1.4.2 Inadequate Pre-contract Design and Documentation 23 1.4.3 Design Development and Approval 26 1.4.4 Access or Possession 27 1.4.5 Early Taking over or Beneficial Use 28 1.4.6 Changes in Employer Requirements 28 1.4.7 Contract Documents 29 1.4.8 Unforeseeable Occurrences 30 1.4.9 Breach of Contract 31 1.5 Summary 32 2 Establishing the Base 33 2.1 Planned Change 34 2.1.1 Ordered Variations 36 2.1.1.1 Fair Rates and Prices 39 2.1.2 Changes in Quantities 41 2.1.2.1 Quantities and Conditions 43 2.1.3 Preferential Engineering 44 2.1.4 Value Engineering 45 2.1.5 Unconfirmed Instructions 46 2.2 Unplanned Change 47 2.3 Programmes and Method Statements 47 2.3.1 The Status of Programmes 47 2.3.2 Programmes and Resources 52 2.3.2.1 Method Statements 52 2.3.3 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 54 2.3.4 A Partial Programme 55 2.3.5 Limitations on Liability 55 2.4 Summary 56 3 Effect of Change on Programmes of Work 57 3.1 Use of Programmes 58 3.1.1 Provisional Sums in Programmes 60 3.1.2 The Base Cost 63 3.2 Use of As-Built Programmes 64 3.2.1 Sources of Information for As-Built Programmes 65 3.2.2 Constant Resource/Continuous Working 66 3.2.3 Recording of Completion 67 3.3 Change Without Overall Prolongation 67 3.3.1 Who Owns the Float? 68 3.4 Prolongation of the Works 74 3.5 Analysis of Time and Delay 77 3.5.1 Introduction 77 3.5.2 Basic Requirements 82 3.5.3 Float and Acceleration 86 3.5.4 Concurrent Delays 88 3.5.5 ‘Dot on’ 98 3.5.6 Concurrency and the Contractor’s Financial Claims 100 3.5.7 Delay Analysis Techniques 103 3.5.7.1 Impacted as Planned 104 3.5.7.2 Time Impact Analysis 108 3.5.7.3 Collapsed As-Built Analysis 111 3.5.7.4 As-Planned Versus As-Built Programmes 113 3.5.7.5 Windows Analysis 115 3.5.7.6 Software 116 3.5.7.7 Building Information Modelling 118 3.5.7.8 Case Law 120 3.5.7.9 Conclusions 123 3.5.8 Assessment of Productivity 125 3.5.8.1 Tender Productivity 126 3.5.8.2 Achievable Productivity 127 3.5.8.3 Actual Productivity After a Change 127 3.5.9 Sources of Productivity Data 128 3.5.9.1 The Fundamental Principles 128 3.5.9.2 Relevant Quantities 128 3.5.9.3 Equipment and Methods 129 3.5.9.4 Sustainable Outputs 130 3.5.9.5 Recalculation Using Efficiency Factors 130 3.5.10 Effect on Contractor’s Plant and Equipment 131 3.5.10.1 Working Plant and Equipment 132 3.5.10.2 Site Facilities and Equipment 133 3.5.11 Duty to Mitigate 134 3.6 Summary 135 4 Sources of Financial Information for Evaluation 137 4.1 The Contract Provisions 139 4.1.1 Cost 139 4.1.2 Loss and Expense 141 4.1.3 To Ascertain 142 4.2 Tender Documents and Information 145 4.2.1 Entire Agreements 146 4.2.2 Misstatements and Misrepresentation 147 4.2.3 Mistakes in Tenders 148 4.2.4 The Conditions for, and Character of, the Works 149 4.3 Tender Calculations and Assumptions 149 4.4 Cost Records 151 4.4.1 Identification of Invoices 151 4.4.2 Discounts and Credit Notes 152 4.4.3 Bulk Discounts 153 4.4.4 Coding Systems 154 4.4.5 Timing of Costs 154 4.4.6 Cost Transfers and Accruals 155 4.4.7 Final Accounts and Economic Duress 156 4.5 Accounting Information 158 4.5.1 Financial Accounts 158 4.5.2 Management Accounts 159 4.5.3 Exceptional Items 161 4.6 External Information 161 4.7 Summary 162 5 Evaluation of the Direct Consequences of Change 165 5.1 Unit Rates and Prices or Actual Costs? 166 5.2 Unit Rates and Prices 167 5.2.1 The FIDIC Forms of Contract 172 5.2.2 Measurement of Work 173 5.2.3 Design and Build/Schedule of Rates 175 5.2.4 Status of Contract Rates and Prices 176 5.2.5 Errors in Rates and Prices 177 5.3 The Valuation ‘Fences’ 184 5.3.1 The ‘Fences’ 185 5.3.2 ‘Conditions’ and ‘Character’ 185 5.3.2.1 Change in Conditions 187 5.3.2.2 Change in Character 188 5.3.3 New Rates 189 5.3.4 Valuation of Variations in Quantity 190 5.3.5 Effect of Variations on Other Work 196 5.4 Inclusion of Preliminaries and General Items 197 5.5 Percentage Adjustments 200 5.5.1 Percentages in Variation Valuation 200 5.5.2 Threshold Percentages 201 5.5.2.1 Criteria for Judging Change in the Amount of Work 202 5.5.2.2 Which Rates are to Be Amended? 203 5.5.2.3 What Rules Apply? 203 5.5.3 Percentages for Defective or Incomplete Work, etc. 204 5.5.4 Percentage Caps on Adjustments 205 5.6 Valuation Using Day work Provisions 205 5.7 Use of Actual Costs 210 5.7.1 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Introduction 211 5.7.2 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Forecast or Actual Cost? 213 5.7.3 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Defined Cost 218 5.7.4 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Disallowed Cost 221 5.7.5 The NEC Suite of Contracts –The Fee and Other Agreed Rates 223 5.7.6 The NEC Suite of Contracts – Objectives 224 5.8 Unit Costs 225 5.8.1 Labour Costs 229 5.8.1.1 Gang Rates 229 5.8.1.2 Supervision 230 5.8.2 Use of Norms in Evaluation 231 5.8.3 Plant and Equipment Costs 234 5.8.3.1 Plant and Equipment Cost Rates 235 5.8.3.2 External Hire Charges 240 5.8.4 Materials Costs 241 5.8.5 Overheads and Profit 243 5.9 Subcontractor and Supplier Costs 245 5.9.1 Subcontractors 246 5.9.1.1 Nominated or Named Subcontractors 246 5.9.1.2 Domestic Subcontractors 249 5.9.2 Package Equipment Suppliers 250 5.9.2.1 Example of Change Calculation for Package Equipment 252 5.10 Valuation of Omissions 253 5.11 Add and Omit Variations 254 5.12 Quantum Meruit 257 5.12.1 No Contract or Agreement as to Price 258 5.12.2 Contract Only Says Reasonable Sum 259 5.12.3 Work Outside of Contract 259 5.12.4 Cardinal Change 260 5.12.5 How to Calculate 263 5.13 Valuation in Advance 265 5.14 Requirements for Notices 269 5.14.1 Notice in Relation to Unit Rates 270 5.14.2 Notice in Relation to a Quotation or Proposal 273 5.14.3 Notice as a Condition Precedent and Other Sanctions 275 5.14.4 Further Considerations 277 5.15 Summary 278 6 Evaluation of the Time Consequences of Change 279 6.1 Introduction 279 6.1.1 Factual and Legal Background 279 6.1.2 Financial Effects for the Employer 282 6.1.3 Financial Effects for the Contractor 283 6.1.4 The Causal Link 285 6.1.5 The SCL Delay and Disruption Protocol 287 6.1.6 Conclusions 289 6.2 Prolongation 289 6.2.1 What is to be Evaluated? 289 6.2.2 The Relationship Between Extension of Time and Money Claims 290 6.2.3 Time-Related Costs 295 6.2.3.1 When Did the Delay Occur? 295 6.2.4 What Costs Were Incurred in the Delay Period? 297 6.2.5 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost 298 6.2.6 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Staff 300 6.2.7 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Labour 302 6.2.8 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Temporary Buildings 303 6.2.9 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Temporary Services 304 6.2.10 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Temporary Works 304 6.2.11 Typical Heads of Prolongation Cost – Plant and Equipment 305 6.2.12 Example of Additional Activity Costs 307 6.2.13 Relevance of Tendered Preliminaries and General Cost Rates 310 6.2.14 Increases in Costs 313 6.2.15 Off-Site Overheads and Profit 315 6.3 Liquidated Rates for Delay Damages 315 6.3.1 Challenges to the Rate of Delay Damages 317 6.3.2 Delay Damages as a ‘Penalty’ 320 6.3.3 Actual Damages for Delay 323 6.3.4 The Date(s) from Which Delay Damages Run 324 6.3.5 Procedure and Prerequisites 324 6.4 Disruption 325 6.4.1 Legal Basis of a Disruption Claim 327 6.4.2 The Factual Basis of a Disruption Claim 330 6.4.3 Evaluating the Costs of Disruption – Introduction 332 6.4.4 Records of Time Lost 334 6.4.5 The ‘Measured Mile’ 338 6.4.5.1 Illustrative Example of an Earned Value Approach 343 6.4.6 Comparing Tendered and Actual Outputs 344 6.4.6.1 Tendered Allowances 344 6.4.6.2 Actual Outputs 346 6.4.6.3 Other Potential Distorting Factors 347 6.4.6.4 Back-Checking the Results 349 6.4.6.5 Conclusions on Costs Less Recovery Approaches 351 6.4.7 Factors Affecting Productivity 353 6.4.7.1 Excessive Overtime, etc. 354 6.4.7.2 Weather Conditions 356 6.4.7.3 Introduction of Additional Resources 356 6.4.7.4 Lack of Management 357 6.4.7.5 Changes in Ratio of Labour to Plant and Equipment Mix 358 6.4.7.6 Condensing of Activities 359 6.4.7.7 Resequencing Activities 359 6.4.7.8 Breaks in Continuity 360 6.4.7.9 Changes in Personnel 360 6.4.7.10 Contractor Inefficiencies 361 6.4.8 Cumulative Impact Claims 362 6.4.9 Top Down or Bottom Up? 365 6.4.9.1 The ‘Top Down’ Approach 365 6.4.9.2 The ‘Bottom Up’ Approach 367 6.4.10 The ‘Rump’ of the Contractor’s Losses 367 6.4.11 Hypothetical Illustrative Disruption Calculation 369 6.4.12 Preliminaries Thickening Claims 373 6.4.13 Consequential Further Delay Events 376 6.4.14 Summary of Disruption 379 6.5 Acceleration 380 6.5.1 Acceleration Under the Contract 382 6.5.2 Acceleration by Extra-Contractual Agreement 386 6.5.3 Acceleration as a Component of Delay and/or Disruption Costs 390 6.5.4 Induced or Constructive Acceleration 391 6.5.5 The Canadian Cases 394 6.5.6 Acceleration to Reduce the Contractor’s Culpability 400 6.5.7 Financial Quantification of Acceleration 401 6.5.8 Sample Acceleration Costing 404 6.6 Global Claims and Similar Terms 406 6.6.1 Potential Definitions 406 6.6.1.1 ‘Global Claim’ 406 6.6.1.2 ‘Total Costs Claim’ 409 6.6.1.3 ‘Total Loss Claim’ 411 6.6.1.4 ‘Composite Claim’ and ‘Rolled-Up Claim’ 412 6.6.2 Global Claims 414 6.6.2.1 Introduction 414 6.6.2.2 A Historical Perspective 416 6.6.2.3 The Current Position 432 6.6.2.4 Lilly and Mackay 438 6.6.2.5 The Need for a Global Approach 440 6.6.3 Conclusions 443 6.7 Subcontractor Costs 444 6.7.1 Third Party Settlements 444 6.7.2 Unsettled Third Party Claims 453 6.8 Off-Site Overheads and Profit 454 6.8.1 Off-Site Overheads 455 6.8.1.1 Off-Site Overheads on an Expenditure Basis 456 6.8.1.2 The Time and Cost of Absorbed Overheads 461 6.8.1.3 Lost Contribution to Unabsorbed Overhead 461 6.8.1.4 Management Charges 462 6.8.2 Profit 463 6.8.3 Formula Approaches 466 6.8.3.1 The Hudson Formula 467 6.8.3.2 The Emden Formula 468 6.8.3.3 The Eichleay Formula 469 6.8.3.4 The Adoption of Formulae 470 6.8.3.5 When to Use a Formula 479 6.8.3.6 Example of a Formula Claim 481 6.8.3.7 Concluding Comments on Formulae 482 6.9 Interest and Finance Charges 484 6.9.1 Finance and Interest Under Contract Provisions 485 6.9.2 Finance and Interest as a Head of Claim 489 6.9.3 Damages for Breach 493 6.9.4 The Rate and Compounding of Interest 495 6.9.5 Adjustments to the Calculation 499 6.9.6 Statutory Interest 499 6.10 Duplication of Recoveries 501 6.10.1 Overlaps Between Prolongation and Disruption Claims 502 6.10.2 Overlaps Between Additional Work and Prolongation 504 6.10.3 Overlaps Between Overheads and Profit and Variations 507 6.10.4 Overlaps Between Additional Work and Disruption 508 6.11 Summary 509 7 Termination Claims 513 7.1 Introduction 513 7.2 Termination Under Standard Forms 518 7.2.1 Termination for Default by the Contractor 518 7.2.2 Termination for Default by the Employer 522 7.2.3 Termination for a Party’s Convenience 524 7.2.4 Termination for Major Events in Neither Party’s Control 526 7.2.5 Competing Claims for Termination 527 7.3 Claims for the Contractor’s Lawful Termination 527 7.3.1 ‘Amounts Payable for any Work Carried Out’ 527 7.3.2 ‘The Cost of Plant and Materials Ordered for the Work’ 532 7.3.3 ‘Any Other Cost or Liability Which in the Circumstances was Reasonably Incurred…in the Expectation of Completing the Works’ 534 7.3.4 ‘The Cost of Removal of Temporary Works and Contractor’s Equipment’ 537 7.3.5 ‘The Cost of Repatriation of the Contractor’s Staff and Labour’ 537 7.3.6 ‘A Loss of Profit or Other Loss or Damage Sustained by the Contractor’ 539 7.3.7 Demobilisation 542 7.3.8 Subcontractor and Supplier Claims 543 7.3.9 Other Heads of Contractor Losses or Costs 544 7.4 Claims for the Employer’s Lawful Termination 544 7.4.1 ‘The Value of the Works, Goods and Contractor’s Documents’ 544 7.4.2 ‘Any Losses and Damages Incurred by the Employer’ 546 7.4.2.1 ‘Any Extra Costs of Completing the Works’ 546 7.4.3 Bonds 550 7.5 Claims for the Employer’s Unlawful Termination 551 7.5.1 Repudiation 553 7.6 Claims for the Contractor’s Unlawful Termination 554 7.7 Summary 554 8 Other Sources of Claims 557 8.1 Letters of Intent 557 8.1.1 Instructions to Proceed 562 8.2 Bonds 563 8.2.1 Types of Bond 564 8.2.1.1 Bid Bonds 565 8.2.1.2 Advance Payment Bonds 565 8.2.1.3 Retention Bonds 567 8.2.1.4 Parent Company Guarantees 567 8.2.1.5 Performance Bonds 568 8.2.1.6 Payment Bonds 569 8.2.1.7 Materials Off-Site Bonds 570 8.2.2 Claims in Relation to Bonds 571 8.2.3 Costs Incurred When Bonds are Called 571 8.2.3.1 Example of a Hypothetical Currency Swap 573 8.2.4 Costs Incurred When Bonds are Extended 574 8.3 Fluctuations in Costs 576 8.3.1 Taxes, Levies and Statutory Contributions 577 8.3.2 Labour, Materials and Tax Fluctuations 580 8.3.3 Price Adjustment Formula 581 8.3.4 Application to Other Claims 583 8.3.5 Effects of Delays 584 8.4 Suspension of Work 585 8.4.1 The Right to Suspend 585 8.4.2 Typical Financial Heads of Suspension Claims 587 8.4.2.1 Prolongation Costs 587 8.4.2.2 Security, Storage and Protection 588 8.4.2.3 Deterioration and Defects 589 8.4.2.4 Payment for Items Not Yet on Site 590 8.4.2.5 Resumption Costs 590 8.4.2.6 Reducing the Rate of Work Progress 591 8.4.2.7 Profit on the Contractor’s Costs 592 8.5 Incomplete and/or Defective Work 593 8.5.1 The Requirement to Complete and a Defects Liability Period 593 8.5.2 Potential Methods and Problems of Quantification 595 8.5.3 The Employer Choses to Instruct a Covering Variation 597 8.5.4 The Employer Requires the Contractor to Complete or Remedy the Work 599 8.6 Omitted Work 605 8.6.1 The Power to Omit Work 605 8.6.2 How to Value Omissions 606 8.6.3 Giving Omitted Work to Others 609 8.7 Post-Handover Costs 611 8.8 The Costs of Preparing a Claim 614 8.8.1 A Claim Under the Contract 615 8.8.2 Breach of Contract 616 8.8.3 Costs Incurred in the Contemplation of Legal Proceedings 622 8.8.4 In-House Management Time 623 8.9 Errors, Omissions and Contradictions 627 8.10 Summary 631 9 Minimising the Consequences of Change 633 9.1 Introduction 633 9.1.1 Constructing the Team 635 9.1.2 Rethinking Construction 636 9.2 Contract Preparation 637 9.3 Alliance, Partnering and Framework Contracts 639 9.3.1 Partnering 639 9.3.2 Alliance Contracts 641 9.3.3 Framework Agreements 642 9.4 Early Warning Systems 643 9.4.1 Trend Analysis 647 9.5 The Claims Industry 648 9.5.1 The Numbers Game 648 9.5.2 The First Number 649 9.5.3 The Claims Industry and Experts 649 9.5.4 Resolving Disputed Claims 651 9.6 Summary 652 Appendix A Example of Financial Accounts 655 Appendix B Example of Management Accounts 657 Table of Cases 659 Index 667

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Book SynopsisCESMM4 Revised: Examples provides a comprehensive range of example Bills of Quantities, based on Section 8, Work Classification, of the Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (CESMM).

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Book SynopsisProject management is of critical importance in construction, yet its execution poses major challenges. In order to keep a project on track, decisions often have to be made before all the necessary information is available. Drawing on a wide range of research, Managing Construction Projects proposes new ways of thinking about project management in construction, exploring the skills required to manage uncertainty and offering techniques for thinking about the challenges involved. The second edition takes the information processing perspective introduced in the first edition and develops it further. In particular, this approach deepens the reader's understanding of the dynamics in the construction project process from the value proposition inherent in the project mission, to the functioning asset that generates value for its owners and users. Managing Construction Projects is a unique and indispensible contribution to the available literature on construction proTrade Review“Returning to the opening paragraph of this review and the target audience for the book, it is clear that, owing to the complexity of managing construction projects, both current and future professionals will find this text, and the ‘frameworks for thinking’ it offers, invaluable.” (Construction Management and Economics, 1 October 2010) "This outstanding book is a 'bible' for Construction/Project Managers and deserves a place on the book shelves of libraries of Universities offering courses for the Built Environment." (Building Engineer, June 2010)Table of ContentsPreface to 1st Edition. Preface to 2nd Edition. Part I Introduction. 1 The Management of Construction Projects. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Projects as the creation of new value. 1.3 The project as an information processing system. 1.4 Project management and the management of projects. 1.5 Projects and resource bases. 1.6 The five generic project processes. 1.7 Critiques of the first edition. 1.8 A theoretical perspective on managing construction projects. 1.9 A practical contribution to managing construction projects. 1.10 The plan of the book. 1.11 Summary. Case 1 The Channel Fixed Link. 2 The Context of Construction Project Management. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The industry recipe for construction. 2.3 National business systems in construction. 2.4 The regulatory context. 2.5 The construction cycle. 2.6 The development of concession contracting. 2.7 Summary. Case 2 The UK Construction Business System. Further reading. Part II Defining the Project Mission. 3 Deciding What the Client Wants. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 From artefact to asset: facilities as new value. 3.3 Understanding spatial quality and business processes. 3.4 Indoor environmental quality and business processes. 3.5 Symbolic quality: beyond peer review. 3.6 Justifying the investment. 3.7 Strategic misrepresentation in investment appraisal. 3.8 Defining the project mission: a conceptual framework for product integrity. 3.9 Summary. Case 3 Defining the Mission at the University of York. Further reading. 4 Managing Stakeholders. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Which are the project stakeholders? 4.3 Mapping stakeholders. 4.4 The regulatory context. 4.5 Managing consent. 4.6 Ethics in project mission definition. 4.7 The role of visualisation. 4.8 Summary. Case 4 The Rebuilding of Beirut Central District. Further reading. Part III Mobilising the Resource Base. 5 Forming the Project Coalition. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 The principal/agent problem in construction. 5.3 Procuring construction services. 5.4 The formation of project coalitions. 5.5 Selecting resource bases. 5.6 Forming more effective project coalitions. 5.7 The development of e-procurement. 5.8 Probity in procurement. 5.9 Summary. Case 5 Partnering Between Marks & Spencer and Bovis. Further reading. 6 Motivating the Project Coalition. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 The problem of moral hazard in construction projects. 6.3 The problem of switching costs. 6.4 Managing the problem of moral hazard. 6.5 Contractual uncertainty and risk allocation. 6.6 Governing the contract and the role of third parties. 6.7 The dynamic of adversarial relations. 6.8 Alliancing. 6.9 Summary. Case 6 NHS ProCure 21. Further reading. 7 Managing the Dynamics of the Supply Chain. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Horizontal and vertical governance. 7.3 Internal resource mobilisation. 7.4 Shirking. 7.5 The role of sequential spot contracting in construction employment. 7.6 Managing the supply chain. 7.7 Managing consortia and joint ventures. 7.8 The dynamics of supply chains. 7.9 Clustering the supply chain. 7.10 Summary. Case 7 Building Down Barriers. Further reading. Part IV Riding the Project Life Cycle. 8 Minimising Client Surprise. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Projecting a perfect future. 8.3 Strategies for imagining the future: options thinking. 8.4 Moving from phase to phase: gating the process. 8.5 The gap analysis approach. 8.6 What do we mean by project success? 8.7 The nature of information flows in problem solving. 8.8 Process representation. 8.9 Knowledge management and learning from projects. 8.10 Summary. Case 8 Riding the Life Cycle on the Glaxo Project. Further reading. 9 Defining Problems and Generating Solutions. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Tame and wicked problems in the project process. 9.3 Solving the briefing problem. 9.4 Client organisation for briefing and design. 9.5 Solving the design problem. 9.6 The cult of wickedness. 9.7 The management of design. 9.8 Summary. Case 9 Designing the Sheffield Arena. Further reading. 10 Managing the Budget. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Levels of accuracy in project budgets. 10.3 Developing a budgetary system. 10.4 Using the PBS to control the budget. 10.5 Value engineering and cost management. 10.6 Constructability. 10.7 Controlling the budget. 10.8 Earned value analysis. 10.9 Mitigating optimism bias. 10.10 Budget overruns and escalating commitments. 10.11 Summary. Case 10 The Centuria Project Budget. Further reading. 11 Managing the Schedule. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Critical path method. 11.3 Resourcing the project. 11.4 The limitations of the critical path method. 11.5 New approaches to project scheduling. 11.6 The dynamics of the project schedule. 11.7 Summary. Case 11 Centuria Project Schedule. Further reading. 12 Managing Conformance. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 The principles of quality management systems. 12.3 Inspection. 12.4 Quality control. 12.5 Quality assurance. 12.6 Integrated management systems for quality, environment, safety and health. 12.7 Creating a culture of improvement. 12.8 Quality awards and self-assessment. 12.9 Conformance management in a project environment. 12.10 Standardisation and pre-assembly. 12.11 Summary. Case 12 From Navvies to White Van Man: Managing Conformance at T5. Further reading. 13 Managing Uncertainty and Risk on the Project. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Risk and uncertainty: a cognitive approach. 13.3 The elicitation of subjective probabilities. 13.4 Propensity for risk and uncertainty. 13.5 The practice of managing risk and uncertainty. 13.6 Managing opportunities and threats on projects. 13.7 The strategic management of project risk and uncertainty. 13.8 Summary. Case 13 Managing Front-End Risks Through Networks: Boston Central Artery/Tunnel. Further reading. 14 Managing the Project Information Flow. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 The principles of integrated project information. 14.3 The development of information and communication technologies. 14.4 Engineering information management systems. 14.5 Enterprise resource management systems. 14.6 e-construction. 14.7 Project extranets. 14.8 The role of the project manager in managing project information. 14.9 Summary. Case 14 Building Information Modelling at One Island East. Further reading. Part V Leading the Project Coalition. 15 Designing Effective Project Organisations. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 The rise of the project management concept. 15.3 Projects, programmes and portfolios. 15.4 The responsibilities of the client. 15.5 Who is the project manager? 15.6 Organising the project through the life cycle. 15.7 Project organisation in construction. 15.8 Determining the organisation breakdown structure. 15.9 Project teamworking. 15.10 Constructing the team. 15.11 Summary: project organisation design. Case 15 Glaxo Project Organisation. Further reading. 16 Infusing the Project Mission. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Appropriate leadership. 16.3 Leadership style. 16.4 Construction project leadership. 16.5 Resolving conflict on the project. 16.6 The levers of power. 16.7 Project culture and leadership. 16.8 Leading the construction project. 16.9 Summary: infusing the project mission. Case 16 Patrick Crotty: Project Director on the Waterloo International Project. 16.10 The project life cycle. 16.11 Keeping control. Further reading. 17 Conclusions: Managing Construction Projects Consummately. 17.1 Revaluing construction. 17.2 Managing for product integrity. 17.3 Managing for process integrity. 17.4 Construction as a manufacturing process. 17.5 Systems thinking and managing projects. 17.6 Professionalism and managing construction projects. 17.7 Judgement in managing construction projects. 17.8 Summary of the book. 17.9 A concluding thought. Case 17 Tinker Bell Theory in Practice. Further reading. References. People Index. Project Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisThe first book dedicated to operational modal analysis (OMA) and authored by a pioneer in the field, this resource provides the information an engineer needs to set up an operational modal test.Trade Review"This is an interesting book for anybody dealing with vibrations, density functions, and with data and signal processing.......I certainly recommend it as a textbook for graduate study in universities." (Zentralblatt MATH 2016)Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why Conduct Vibration Test of Structures? 3 1.2 Techniques Available for Vibration Testing of Structures 3 1.3 Forced Vibration Testing Methods 4 1.4 Vibration Testing of Civil Engineering Structures 5 1.5 Parameter Estimation Techniques 5 1.6 Brief History of OMA 6 1.7 Modal Parameter Estimation Techniques 6 1.8 Perceived Limitations of OMA 10 1.9 Operating Deflection Shapes 10 1.10 Practical Considerations of OMA 11 1.11 About the Book Structure 13 References 15 2 Random Variables and Signals 17 2.1 Probability 17 2.1.1 Density Function and Expectation 17 2.1.2 Estimation by Time Averaging 19 2.1.3 Joint Distributions 21 2.2 Correlation 23 2.2.1 Concept of Correlation 23 2.2.2 Autocorrelation 24 2.2.3 Cross Correlation 25 2.2.4 Properties of Correlation Functions 27 2.3 The Gaussian Distribution 28 2.3.1 Density Function 28 2.3.2 The Central Limit Theorem 28 2.3.3 Conditional Mean and Correlation 30 References 31 3 Matrices and Regression 33 3.1 Vector and Matrix Notation 33 3.2 Vector and Matrix Algebra 35 3.2.1 Vectors and Inner Products 35 3.2.2 Matrices and Outer Products 36 3.2.3 Eigenvalue Decomposition 38 3.2.4 Singular Value Decomposition 40 3.2.5 Block Matrices 40 3.2.6 Scalar Matrix Measures 41 3.2.7 Vector and Matrix Calculus 43 3.3 Least Squares Regression 44 3.3.1 Linear Least Squares 44 3.3.2 Bias, Weighting and Covariance 47 References 52 4 Transforms 53 4.1 Continuous Time Fourier Transforms 53 4.1.1 Real Fourier Series 54 4.1.2 Complex Fourier Series 55 4.1.3 The Fourier Integral 58 4.2 Discrete Time Fourier Transforms 59 4.2.1 Discrete Time Representation 59 4.2.2 The Sampling Theorem 62 4.3 The Laplace Transform 66 4.3.1 The Laplace Transform as a generalization of the Fourier Transform 66 4.3.2 Laplace Transform Properties 67 4.3.3 Some Laplace Transforms 68 4.4 The Z-Transform 71 4.4.1 The Z-Transform as a generalization of the Fourier Series 71 4.4.2 Z-Transform Properties 73 4.4.3 Some Z-Transforms 73 4.4.4 Difference Equations and Transfer Function 75 4.4.5 Poles and Zeros 76 References 79 5 Classical Dynamics 81 5.1 Single Degree of Freedom System 82 5.1.1 Basic Equation 82 5.1.2 Free Decays 83 5.1.3 Impulse Response Function 87 5.1.4 Transfer Function 89 5.1.5 Frequency Response Function 90 5.2 Multiple Degree of Freedom Systems 92 5.2.1 Free Responses for Undamped Systems 93 5.2.2 Free Responses for Proportional Damping 95 5.2.3 General Solutions for Proportional Damping 95 5.2.4 Transfer Function and FRF Matrix for Proportional Damping 96 5.2.5 General Damping 99 5.3 Special Topics 107 5.3.1 Structural Modification Theory 107 5.3.2 Sensitivity Equations 109 5.3.3 Closely Spaced Modes 110 5.3.4 Model Reduction (SEREP) 114 5.3.5 Discrete Time Representations 116 5.3.6 Simulation of OMA Responses 119 References 121 6 Random Vibrations 123 6.1 General Inputs 123 6.1.1 Linear Systems 123 6.1.2 Spectral Density 125 6.1.3 SISO Fundamental Theorem 128 6.1.4 MIMO Fundamental Theorem 129 6.2 White Noise Inputs 130 6.2.1 Concept of White Noise 130 6.2.2 Decomposition in Time Domain 131 6.2.3 Decomposition in Frequency Domain 134 6.2.4 Zeroes of the Spectral Density Matrix 137 6.2.5 Residue Form 139 6.2.6 Approximate Residue Form 140 6.3 Uncorrelated Modal Coordinates 143 6.3.1 Concept of Uncorrelated Modal Coordinates 143 6.3.2 Decomposition in Time Domain 144 6.3.3 Decomposition in Frequency Domain 145 References 147 7 Measurement Technology 149 7.1 Test Planning 149 7.1.1 Test Objectives 149 7.1.2 Field Visit and Site Inspection 150 7.1.3 Field Work Preparation 150 7.1.4 Field Work 151 7.2 Specifying Dynamic Measurements 152 7.2.1 General Considerations 152 7.2.2 Number and Locations of Sensors 154 7.2.3 Sampling Rate 158 7.2.4 Length of Time Series 159 7.2.5 Data Sets and References 160 7.2.6 Expected Vibration Level 162 7.2.7 Loading Source Correlation and Artificial Excitation 164 7.3 Sensors and Data Acquisition 168 7.3.1 Sensor Principles 168 7.3.2 Sensor Characteristics 169 7.3.3 The Piezoelectric Accelerometer 173 7.3.4 Sensors Used in Civil Engineering Testing 175 7.3.5 Data Acquisition 179 7.3.6 Antialiasing 182 7.3.7 System Measurement Range 182 7.3.8 Noise Sources 183 7.3.9 Cabled or Wireless Sensors? 187 7.3.10 Calibration 188 7.3.11 Noise Floor Estimation 191 7.3.12 Very Low Frequencies and Influence of Tilt 194 7.4 Data Quality Assessment 196 7.4.1 Data Acquisition Settings 196 7.4.2 Excessive Noise from External Equipment 197 7.4.3 Checking the Signal-to-Noise Ratio 197 7.4.4 Outliers 197 7.5 Chapter Summary – Good Testing Practice 198 References 199 8 Signal Processing 201 8.1 Basic Preprocessing 201 8.1.1 Data Quality 202 8.1.2 Calibration 202 8.1.3 Detrending and Segmenting 203 8.2 Signal Classification 204 8.2.1 Operating Condition Sorting 204 8.2.2 Stationarity 205 8.2.3 Harmonics 206 8.3 Filtering 208 8.3.1 Digital Filter Main Types 209 8.3.2 Two Averaging Filter Examples 210 8.3.3 Down-Sampling and Up-Sampling 212 8.3.4 Filter Banks 213 8.3.5 FFT Filtering 213 8.3.6 Integration and Differentiation 214 8.3.7 The OMA Filtering Principles 216 8.4 Correlation Function Estimation 218 8.4.1 Direct Estimation 219 8.4.2 Biased Welch Estimate 221 8.4.3 Unbiased Welch Estimate (Zero Padding) 222 8.4.4 Random Decrement 224 8.5 Spectral Density Estimation 229 8.5.1 Direct Estimation 229 8.5.2 Welch Estimation and Leakage 229 8.5.3 Random Decrement Estimation 232 8.5.4 Half Spectra 233 8.5.5 Correlation Tail and Tapering 233 References 237 9 Time Domain Identification 239 9.1 Common Challenges in Time Domain Identification 240 9.1.1 Fitting the Correlation Functions (Modal Participation) 240 9.1.2 Seeking the Best Conditions (Stabilization Diagrams) 242 9.2 AR Models and Poly Reference (PR) 242 9.3 ARMA Models 244 9.4 Ibrahim Time Domain (ITD) 248 9.5 The Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) 251 9.6 Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) 254 References 258 10 Frequency-Domain Identification 261 10.1 Common Challenges in Frequency-Domain Identification 262 10.1.1 Fitting the Spectral Functions (Modal Participation) 262 10.1.2 Seeking the Best Conditions (Stabilization Diagrams) 263 10.2 Classical Frequency-Domain Approach (Basic Frequency Domain) 265 10.3 Frequency-Domain Decomposition (FDD) 266 10.3.1 FDD Main Idea 266 10.3.2 FDD Approximations 267 10.3.3 Mode Shape Estimation 269 10.3.4 Pole Estimation 271 10.4 ARMA Models in Frequency Domain 275 References 278 11 Applications 281 11.1 Some Practical Issues 281 11.1.1 Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC) 282 11.1.2 Stabilization Diagrams 282 11.1.3 Mode Shape Merging 283 11.2 Main Areas of Application 284 11.2.1 OMA Results Validation 284 11.2.2 Model Validation 285 11.2.3 Model Updating 285 11.2.4 Structural Health Monitoring 288 11.3 Case Studies 291 11.3.1 Tall Building 292 11.3.2 Long Span Bridge 297 11.3.3 Container Ship 301 References 306 12 Advanced Subjects 307 12.1 Closely Spaced Modes 307 12.1.1 Implications for the Identification 308 12.1.2 Implications for Modal Validation 308 12.2 Uncertainty Estimation 309 12.2.1 Repeated Identification 309 12.2.2 Covariance Matrix Estimation 310 12.3 Mode Shape Expansion 311 12.3.1 FE Mode Shape Subspaces 311 12.3.2 FE Mode Shape Subspaces Using SEREP 312 12.3.3 Optimizing the Number of FE Modes (LC Principle) 313 12.4 Modal Indicators and Automated Identification 315 12.4.1 Oversized Models and Noise Modes 315 12.4.2 Generalized Stabilization and Modal Indicators 315 12.4.3 Automated OMA 318 12.5 Modal Filtering 319 12.5.1 Modal Filtering in Time Domain 319 12.5.2 Modal Filtering in Frequency Domain 320 12.5.3 Generalized Operating Deflection Shapes (ODS) 320 12.6 Mode Shape Scaling 320 12.6.1 Mass Change Method 321 12.6.2 Mass-Stiffness Change Method 322 12.6.3 Using the FEM Mass Matrix 323 12.7 Force Estimation 323 12.7.1 Inverting the FRF Matrix 324 12.7.2 Modal Filtering 324 12.8 Estimation of Stress and Strain 324 12.8.1 Stress and Strain from Force Estimation 324 12.8.2 Stress and Strain from Mode Shape Expansion 325 References 325 Appendix A Nomenclature and Key Equations 327 Appendix B Operational Modal Testing of the Heritage Court Tower 335 B.1 Introduction 335 B.2 Description of the Building 335 B.3 Operational Modal Testing 336 B.3.1 Vibration Data Acquisition System 338 B.4 Vibration Measurements 338 B.4.1 Test Setups 341 B.4.2 Test Results 341 B.5 Analysis of the HCT Cases 342 B.5.1 FDD Modal Estimation 342 B.5.2 SSI Modal Estimation 343 B.5.3 Modal Validation 343 References 346 Appendix C Dynamics in Short 347 C.1 Basic Equations 347 C.2 Basic Form of the Transfer and Impulse Response Functions 348 C.3 Free Decays 348 C.4 Classical Form of the Transfer and Impulse Response Functions 349 C.5 Complete Analytical Solution 350 C.6 Eigenvector Scaling 351 C.7 Closing Remarks 351 References 352 Index 353

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Book SynopsisIn the United Kingdom, adjudication is available as a right for parties to a construction contract, following the enactment of the Housing Grants Construction and Regeneration Act 1996.Trade Review"If one had to name a single outstanding feature of the text, it would be its structure as a formidable practice tool. I share the sentiments of The Honourable Mr Justice Edwards-Stuart, expressed in the book's foreword, that it sets out not to rival existing works (such as the leading adjudication text by Mr Justice Coulson), but to complement them. This book does not dwell in the dominion of academic debate. It is instead structured around the questions that inevitably arise in the conduct of every-day construction business and, of course, when payment disputes arise. Its answers to these questions are concise, accurate, and commercially acute. It is well-suited for any adviser or decision-maker in the construction industry, to whom I would recommend this book strongly." Professor Doug S Jones AO, International Construction Law Review, Part 3 July 2016 "The name of Pickavance is a well-known one in dispute circles, and James is a chip off the old block. It seems a fair bet that through this very practical but at the same time scholarly work he will become as well known and regarded as his father and uncle. The book could perfectly well serve as a key resource for lawyers, construction claims consultants and adjudicators. It will certainly be a book I turn to for guidance on knotty adjudication issues." Jeremy Winter, FCInstCES, Adjudicator, Civil Engineering Surveyor 05.16 From the foreword Part 1 of this book, whilst fully supported by references to decided cases, is very much directed towards the practitioner who has to advise his or her client on a construction dispute and then conduct or defend proceedings brought by way of adjudication. To this end it provides a clear route map together with helpful checklists at the conclusion of each chapter. It is this different approach that I think readers will find so helpful. The guidance in relation to insolvency and administration is particularly valuable. As an added benefit, there is Part 2 – which deals with adjudication in other jurisdictions. I know of no other similarly comprehensive guide and it is a fascinating and illuminating source of reference. This book does not set out to be a rival to existing works but to complement them. That is a role that I have no doubt that readers will find that it amply fulfils. The Hon Mr Justice Edwards-Stuart Solicitor James Pickavance has really come up to snuff. He has gone for a practical guide to adjudication. Pickavance is a partner at Eversheds: The firm can be proud of the book. He tells the reader what to do and when and how and why. …yes it is a must for the representative lawyers/consultants … yes for the adjudicators … yes especially for you contractors. Pickavance’s book style is practical too. I do like his “In a Nutshell” paragraphs. Tony Bingham, Building Magazine, 04.12.15 This book certainly lives up to its name – the reader is navigated through adjudication with each chapter starting with an overview of the subject matter which is then addressed by individual topics initially caught by an ‘in a nutshell’ paragraph followed by excellent discussion with clear signposting to the relevant case law. It is evident throughout that the focus of this text is on practicality, a key theme which flows throughout the entirety of the book, offering sound advice to parties at all stages of the process – including before and after the adjudication itself. Finally the book provides a comparison of UK and international statutory regimes – something no one else has published to date as far as I am aware – which ensures the subject of statutory adjudication is well and truly covered in one book! The author is to be congratulated on the practical and strategic guidance offered to those involved in the process at various levels– this book certainly delivers – it will prove a very useful tool.Janey L. Milligan, Construction Law … the author is to be commended for producing an interesting, informative and a very detailed analysis of the Adjudication process. There is a comprehensive analysis of various cases, and the author has provided an interesting case index by subject matter, which is extremely helpful I have no doubt that … this extensive publication will be of interest to future Adjudicators and party representatives, and it is crammed with helpful commentaries on the practical aspects of Construction Adjudication. It is without doubt, in my view, that this textbook will be an essential addition to the library of the practitioner, and is a very useful reference point, and is also very reasonably priced as well.Len Bunton, Chartered Institute of Arbitrators The author has produced a clear and sensible guide to the subject. The guide is thorough and well-researched. The author’s discussions are generally lucid and helpful and he has wisely avoided the temptation to go into too much academic debate. I particularly liked his use of ‘nutshell’ introductions and shaded ‘checklists’ at the end of lengthier sections. I warmly recommend this book to the construction industry, adjudicators and lawyers alike. Mr Pickavance clearly has a wise head on his relatively young shoulders and he and his publisher deserve to be congratulated on this achievement: kudos!Nick Lane, Construction NewsTable of ContentsForeword v Acknowledgements vii Part I The United Kingdom 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Background to statutory adjudication in the UK 4 1.3 Statutory adjudication regimes 5 1.4 Use of case law in this part 6 2 Adjudication in a nutshell 9 3 Deciding to adjudicate 13 3.1 Overview 13 3.2 Do I have a claim? 14 3.3 Is it worth it? 15 3.4 Is adjudication the right forum? 18 3.5 Other forms of ‘rapid’ dispute resolution 24 3.6 Adjudication on behalf of, or against, an insolvent party 30 3.7 Who to involve 40 3.8 Checklist: considering whether or not to adjudicate 42 4 Statutory adjudication 43 4.1 Overview 43 4.2 Old or new act 44 4.3 Existence and terms of a contract 44 4.4 Construction contract 49 4.5 Construction operations 55 4.6 Excluded construction operations 58 4.7 Excluded agreements 62 4.8 Contract in writing 66 4.9 Checklist: What form of adjudication am I subject to? 74 5 Contractual and ad hoc adjudication 75 5.1 Overview 75 5.2 Contractual adjudication 75 5.3 Ad hoc adjudication 79 6 Adjudication procedure 83 6.1 Overview 83 6.2 Scheme 84 6.3 Contractual procedures 88 6.4 Checklist: What adjudication procedure am I subject to? 96 7 Preconditions and restrictions to statutory adjudication 97 7.1 Overview 97 7.2 Is there a dispute? 98 7.3 More than one dispute 108 7.4 Substantially the same dispute (Scheme p. 9) 111 7.5 Does the dispute arise ‘under’ the contract (Act s. 108(1))? 115 7.6 More than one contract 117 7.7 Commencing an adjudication ‘at any time’ 119 8 Adjudication strategy 123 8.1 Overview 123 8.2 Commencing the adjudication process 123 8.3 More than one adjudication 125 8.4 Choosing the dispute to refer 126 8.5 Deploying arguments 139 8.6 Assessing the other party’s willingness and ability to pay 141 8.7 Removing procedural uncertainty 142 9 Initiating the adjudication 144 9.1 Overview 144 9.2 A precis on jurisdiction and natural justice 145 9.3 Notice of adjudication 146 9.4 Checklist: Before serving the notice of adjudication – referring party 151 9.5 Checklist: On receiving the notice of adjudication – responding party 151 9.6 Appointing the adjudicator 152 9.7 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator – referring party 171 9.8 Checklist: Appointing the adjudicator – responding party 171 9.9 Checklist: Accepting the appointment – adjudicator 172 10 The adjudication 173 10.1 Overview 173 10.2 Referral notice 174 10.3 Response 181 10.4 Reply, rejoinder and sur-rejoinder 184 10.5 Meetings 186 10.6 Other matters 188 10.7 Adjudicator’s powers and duties 201 10.8 Checklist: Managing the adjudication – the adjudicator 212 11 The decision 214 11.1 Overview 214 11.2 What is the adjudicator required to do? 214 11.3 On receiving the decision 218 11.4 Timing 219 11.5 Effect and compliance 223 12 Post decision 227 12.1 Overview 227 12.2 Adjudicator’s costs 228 12.3 Parties’ costs 233 12.4 Apportioning costs 237 12.5 Correcting errors in the decision 239 12.6 Setting off against the decision 241 13 Enforcement: options and procedure 249 13.1 Overview 249 13.2 Key statements of principle and the court’s policy 249 13.3 TCC summary enforcement procedure 252 13.4 Other procedures for enforcement 276 13.5 Complying with an order of the court 280 13.6 Checklist: Avoiding the consequences of an adjudicator’s decision 284 14 Enforcement: insolvency, stay and severability 285 14.1 Overview 285 14.2 Insolvency avoids summary judgment 286 14.3 Stay of execution 290 15 Final determination 304 15.1 Overview 304 15.2 Finalising the adjudicator’s decision 305 15.3 Adjudication and other proceedings 307 15.4 Commencement, onus of proof and costs 312 16 The adjudicator’s jurisdiction 319 16.1 Overview 319 16.2 When to think about jurisdiction 319 16.3 Options when a jurisdictional issue arises 320 16.4 Losing the right to challenge the adjudicator’s jurisdiction 331 16.5 Threshold jurisdiction challenges 338 16.6 Process jurisdiction challenges 342 16.7 Decision based jurisdiction challenges 349 16.8 Checklist: Jurisdiction – the parties 360 16.9 Checklist: Jurisdiction – the adjudicator 361 17 Natural justice 362 17.1 Overview 362 17.2 When to think about natural justice 364 17.3 Options when a natural justice point arises 364 17.4 Bias and apparent bias 366 17.5 Procedural fairness 378 17.6 Checklist: Natural justice – the parties and the adjudicator 399 18 Further grounds for resisting enforcement 400 18.1 Overview 400 18.2 Fraud or deceit 401 18.3 Duress 402 18.4 UTCCR 403 18.5 Human Rights Act 404 19 Scotland: Tony Jones 406 19.1 Overview 406 19.2 Differences between the Scheme and the Scottish Scheme 408 19.3 Enforcement of an adjudicator’s award 411 19.4 Issues of divergence between England and Wales and Scotland 418 20 Northern Ireland: Michael Humphreys QC 427 20.1 Overview 427 20.2 Enforcement of adjudicators’ awards 429 20.3 An alternative remedy – declaratory relief 434 20.4 Judicial consideration 435 Part II International 21 Introduction 443 22 Australia: Peter Wood and Phillip Greenham 446 22.1 Overview 446 22.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 449 22.3 Adjudication process 453 22.4 Determination, effect and costs 456 22.5 Enforcement 458 23 Ireland: Dermot McEvoy 461 23.1 Overview 461 23.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 462 23.3 Adjudication process 464 23.4 Determination, effect and costs 469 23.5 Enforcement 470 23.6 Conclusion 471 24 Malaysia: Philip Koh 473 24.1 Overview 473 24.2 Requirements for commencing the adjudication process 474 24.3 Adjudication process 478 24.4 Administration of the adjudication 481 24.5 Determination, effect and costs 482 24.6 Enforcement 484 24.7 Conclusion 485 25 New Zealand: Tómas Kennedy-Grant QC 487 25.1 Overview 487 25.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 488 25.3 Adjudication process 490 25.4 Determination, effect and costs 493 25.5 Enforcement 496 25.6 Proposed amendments 500 26 Singapore: Steven Cannon 501 26.1 Overview 501 26.2 Requirements for commencing an adjudication 502 26.3 Payment regime 504 26.4 Adjudication process 508 26.5 Determination, effect and costs 515 26.6 Enforcement 518 26.7 Conclusion 520 Appendices Appendix 1 – The 1996 Act as amended 523 Appendix 2 – The 1998 Scheme as amended 530 Appendix 3 – Glossary (UK only) 538 Appendix 4 – Model forms 542 Appendix 5 – Summary comparison of UK adjudication rules 561 Appendix 6 – Details of UK adjudicator nominating bodies 570 Appendix 7 – Comparison of UK and international statutory regimes 578 Appendix 8 – Case index: by subject matter 584 Appendix 9 – Alphabetical case index 678 Index 709

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Book SynopsisThe importance of effective facility management in enabling organizations to function efficiently is widely recognized.Table of ContentsPreface to the Fourth Edition x Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 The organization 1 The customer as end-user 1 Principles, process and procedures 2 1 Fundamentals 3 Key issues 3 Introduction 4 Background 4 Key concepts 8 Other concepts 13 Key roles, responsibilities and accountabilities 15 Core competence in facility management 16 Conclusions 17 Checklist 18 2 Facility planning 19 Key issues 19 Introduction 20 Real estate management 21 The own, lease or rent decision 21 The totally serviced workplace 22 Space management 23 Space utilization and efficiency 24 Design and facility management briefing 26 The feasibility study 34 Design development 35 Stakeholders 36 Risks and opportunities 39 Conclusions 39 Checklist 40 3 Facility management strategy 42 Key issues 42 Introduction 43 The business context 44 Business drivers and constraints 45 Organizational management levels 46 Cross-cultural management 47 Strategy formulation 48 Strategic analysis 50 Solution development 53 Strategy implementation 55 Conclusions 57 Checklist 57 4 Human resources management 59 Key issues 59 Introduction 60 Personnel management 60 Conclusions 66 Checklist 66 5 Workplace productivity 68 Key issues 68 Introduction 69 Measuring productivity 69 Sick building syndrome 76 Design issues 77 Unconventional working arrangements 78 Conclusions 83 Checklist 83 6 Health, safety and security 85 Key issues 85 Introduction 86 Health, safety and security policy 87 Zero accidents 88 Occupational health and safety 88 Compliance 89 Hazard and risk assessment 92 Security and well-being 93 Conclusions 95 Checklist 95 7 The outsourcing decision 97 Key issues 97 Introduction 98 Establishing the baseline 99 Attributes of service provision 105 Options for service delivery 109 Evaluating options 116 Conclusions 118 Checklist 118 8 Procurement 120 Key issues 120 Introduction 121 The procurement process 122 Centralized versus decentralized procurement 123 Procurement policy and procedures 124 Roles, responsibilities and accountabilities 126 Prequalification of service providers 126 Request for proposals or tender 131 Tendering 140 Financial close 142 Conclusions 145 Checklist 145 9 Service delivery 147 Key issues 147 Introduction 148 The internal customer as end-user 149 Insourcing 150 The in-house team 150 External service providers 151 Mobilization 152 Contract management 155 Conclusions 162 Checklist 162 10 Specialist services and partnership 164 Key issues 164 Introduction 165 ICT services 166 Health-care services 169 Security and protection services 170 Custodial services 170 Professional services 171 Performance and SLAs 172 Risk, insurance and indemnities 172 Supplier management 173 Collaborative relationships 174 Public–private partnerships (PPPs) 179 Facility management and private-sector participation 187 Conclusions 189 Checklist 190 11 Performance management 192 Key issues 192 Introduction 193 Quality or performance 194 The post-implementation review 194 Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) 195 The service review 196 Updating service specifications and SLAs 199 Performance measurement 199 Benchmarking 208 Beyond benchmarking 214 The quality system 215 Conclusions 216 Checklist 216 12 Maintenance management 219 Key issues 219 Introduction 220 The maintenance strategy 221 The maintenance policy 221 Maintenance planning 222 Maintenance methods 227 Building logbooks 231 Permits and approvals 232 Inspections 232 Building services engineering installations 233 Manuals, registers and inventories 236 Maintenance management system 238 Conclusions 239 Checklist 240 13 Sustainable facilities 242 Key issues 242 Introduction 243 Sustainable development 244 Environmental management 245 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) 247 Zero carbon 248 Whole-life carbon 248 Environmental performance and energy efficiency 250 The building energy management system 251 Managing water resources 251 Managing waste 252 Management and end-user responsibilities 253 Technology-enhanced facilities 253 Innovative workplaces and housing 260 Conclusions 270 Checklist 271 14 Change management 273 Key issues 273 Introduction 274 Transition 275 Managing change 292 Organizational change 292 Innovation, research and development 296 Conclusions 298 Checklist 299 15 Information management 301 Key issues 301 Introduction 302 Managing information 303 The facility handbook 310 The facility user guide 311 Information and data 311 Information handover 323 Building information models (BIMs) 324 Systems and interfaces 327 Conclusions 329 Checklist 330 Appendices 332 A Glossary 332 B Prevention of fraud and irregularity 355 C Risks involved in outsourcing 361 D Contract provisions 363 E Typical sections of an SLA 366 Bibliography 367 References 369 Index 372

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The most current and comprehensive resource available on locksmithing â fully updated to reflect the latest technologiesThe Complete Book of Locks and Locksmithing, Seventh Edition, offers complete, up-to-date information on locks and keysâfrom old-fashioned designs to modern electromagnetic locks. This edition has been thoroughly revised to include details not found in most general circulation locksmithing books, including new instruction on unlocking todayâs cars, installing and servicing smart locks, and opening locked doors. You will also find an all-new chapter on frequently asked questions and a complete registered professional locksmith examination. Written by a master locksTable of ContentsChapter 1. A Short History of the LockWho Invented the Lock?EgyptGreeceRomeEuropeEnglandAmericaEarly American Lock CompaniesA Brief History of Automotive Locks in the U.S.Chapter 2. Tools of the TradeElectric DrillsCordless DrillsKey Cutting MachinesWorkbenchChapter 3. Types of Locks and KeysWhat Is a Lock?Lock NamesLock GradesKey TypesKey Blank IdentificationKey Blank ExamplesAutomotive Key BlanksLook-Alike KeysNeuter BowsSmart LocksChapter 4. Warded LocksTypesConstructionOperationRepairWarded KeysChapter 5. Lever Tumbler LocksPartsOperationRepairsVarieties of Lever Tumbler LocksLever Tumbler Lock KeysChapter 6. Disc Tumbler LocksOperationDisassemblyKeyingSecurityCam LocksReading Disc Tumbler LocksDouble-Bitted Disc Tumbler LocksChapter 7. Pin Tumbler LocksConstructionDisassemblyAssemblyChoosing a Pin Tumbler LocksetPin Tumbler Cylinder Mortise LocksThe Cylinder KeyChapter 8. High-Security Mechanical LocksUnderwriters Laboratories ListingKey ControlLock and Key PatentsTypes of High-Security Mechanical LocksChapter 9. MasterkeyingCoding SystemsMaster Key SystemsMasterkeying Warded LocksMasterkeying Lever Tumbler LocksMasterkeying Disc Tumbler LocksMasterkeying Pin Tumbler LocksDeveloping the Master Key SystemMaster Key System VariationsA Simple Master Key SystemChapter 10. Smart LocksAugustDanalock VersionFridayGojiHavenKevo Touch- to-Open, 2nd GenerationKevo ConvertLockitron BoltSchlage Smart SenseSesameYale Real Living Touchscreen DeadboltInstalling the 1st Generation Kevo Smart LockChapter 11. Buying and Selling SafesTypes of SafesSafe StylesInstalling an In-Floor SafeMoving SafesSpecial Safe FeaturesUnderwriters Laboratories Fire Safe RatingsUnderwriters Laboratories Burglary Safe StandardSelling More SafesChapter 12. Keyed PadlocksChoosing a PadlockWarded PadlocksWafer Disc PadlocksPin Tumbler PadlocksMajor Padlock Manufacturers and Their ProductsHelpful HintsChapter 13. Home and Business ServicesCommon Problems and TroubleshootingCorbin Cylindrical LocksetsThe MAG Ultra 700 DeadboltM.A.G. Engineering and Mfg., Inc.The Schlage G Series LocksetStrike PlatesM.A.G.’s Install-A-LockExit Alarm Locks and Panic Bar DeadlocksChapter 14. Lock Picking and ImpressioningPicking Pin Tumbler LocksWhy Pin Tumbler Locks Can Be PickedRakingUsing a Pick GunLock Picking TipsPicking High-Security CylindersThe Need for PracticeImpressioning LocksOther Useful Equipment and SuppliesPopular Impressioning TechniqueAlternative Impressioning MethodProblems with ImpressioningImpressioning PracticeWarded Bit-Key LocksLock BumpingChapter 15. Automobile Lock ServicingVehicle Identification NumbersBasics of Automobile Lock ServicingDoor LocksIgnition LocksGlove-Compartment LocksTrunk LocksTranspondersAmerican Motors CorporationAudiBMWChryslerDatsunFordGeneral MotorsServicing General Motors Vehicles with VATSHondaChapter 16. Opening Locked CarsOpening Locked CarsCar Opening TechniquesThe Long Reach ToolCar-Opening Dispatch ProcedureChapter 17. Emergency and Forced-Entry ProceduresDrilling Pin Tumbler LocksCylinder RemovalWindow EntrancesOffice LocksUnlocking Thumbcuffs, Handcuffs, and LegcuffsForced EntryChapter 18. Combination LocksPartsManipulationDrillingChanging CombinationsOther Keyless LocksChapter 19. Electrical Access andExit Control SystemsElectric Release Latch StrikesCircuitryElectric Door OpenersElectrified Mortise LocksElectrified Knob LocksElectromagnetic LocksElectrical Keyless LocksKey-Actuated SwitchesChapter 20. Working as a LocksmithFinding a JobStarting Your Own Locksmithing BusinessBusiness ConsiderationsThe Locksmith and the LawChapter 21. Key Duplicating MachinesCritical Design FactorsFramon’s DBM-1 Flat Key MachineIlco’s KD50AChapter 22. Registered Professional Locksmith TestRegistered Professional Locksmith Answer SheetChapter 23. Answers to Frequently Asked QuestionsAppendix A. ManufacturersAppendix B. Locksmith Suppliers’ Profiles and AddressesAppendix C. Depth and Space ChartsAppendix D. GlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisL. T. C. Rolt was born at Chester in 1910. After his education at Cheltenham College he embarked on am engineering career, until he decided to turn to writing. Among his many publications were biographies of Thomas Telford and George and Robert Stevenson (both published by Penguin). Mr Rolt died in 1974.

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Book SynopsisIn preparing the sixth edition of Estimating Construction Costs the author has retained the fundamental concepts of estimating that have made the book successful for many years. All of the example problems have been revised with more explanations regarding assumptions used in the calculations. This edition has reorganized and consolidated chapters to increase the clarity of the subject matter for the reader. Extensive new sections have been added on equipment, including graders equipped with GPS, and methods of calculating depreciation, investment, and operating costs of construction equipment. The computer estimating chapter is revised with additional material on the use of computers in preparing estimates for bidding purposes.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors Preface Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Bid documents Chapter 3 Estimating Process Chapter 4 Conceptual Cost Estimating Chapter 5 Cost of Construction Labor and Equipment Chapter 6 Handling and Transporting Meterial Chapter 7 Earthwork and Excavation Chapter 8 Highways and Pavements Chapter 9 Foundations Chapter 10 Concrete Structures Chapter 11 Steel Structures Chapter 12 Carpentry Chapter 13 Roofing and Flashing Chapter 14 Masonry Chapter 15 Floor Systems and Floor Finishes Chapter 16 Painting Chapter 17 Plumbing Chapter 18 Electric WiringChapter 19 Sewerage SystemsChapter 20 Water Distribution SystemsChapter 21 Total Cost of Engineering ProjectsChapter 22 Computer EstimatingAppendix Example Bid DocumentsIndex

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Book SynopsisExamines structural aspects of high rise buildings, particularly fundamental approaches to the analysis of the behavior of different forms of building structures including frame, shear wall, tubular, core and outrigger-braced systems. Introductory chapters discuss the forces to which the structure is subjected, design criteria which are of the greatest relevance to tall buildings, and various structural forms which have developed over the years since the first skyscrapers were built at the turn of the century. A major chapter is devoted to the modeling of real structures for both preliminary and final analyses. Considerable attention is devoted to the assessment of the stability of the structure, and the significance of creep and shrinkage is discussed. A final chapter is devoted to the dynamic response of structures subjected to wind and earthquake forces. Includes both accurate computer-based and approximate methods of analysis.Table of ContentsTall Buildings. Design Criteria. Loading. Structural Form. Modeling for Analysis. Braced Frames. Rigid-Frame Structures. Infilled-Frame Structures. Shear Wall Structures. Coupled Shear Wall Structures. Wall-Frame Structures. Tubular Structures. Core Structures. Outrigger-Braced Structures. Generalized Theory. Stability of High-Rise Buildings. Dynamic Analysis. Creep, Shrinkage, and Temperature Effects. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisPlastic behaviour and plastic stress-strain relations of structural engineering materials, particularly steel, but also including concrete and soils, are covered here.Trade Review"...Overall the book is well written and the presentation of each subject is systematic and coherent..." (Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. PART I: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER UNIAXIAL STRESS-FUNDAMENTALS. Uniaxial Stress-Strain Relations. Plastic Bars and Yield Hinges. Incremental Analysis. Elementary Limit Analysis. Theorems of Limit Analysis. Methods of Limit Analysis. Linear Programming in Limit Analysis. Displacement at Incipient Collapse. PART II: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER UNIAXIAL STRESS-FURTHER TOPICS. Nonproportional and Cyclic Loads. Theorems of Shakedown Analysis. Methods of Shakedown Analysis. Optimum Design. Combined Plastic Bending and Compression or Tension. Plasticity Aspects of Reinforced Concrete. Part III: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS. Simple Elastoplastic Constitutive Models. Theorems of Plastic Analysis in Multiaxial Case. Plastic Torsion and Shear. Limit Loads of Plates. Plane Problems. PART IV: ADVANCED TOPICS IN PLASTICITY. General Elastoplastic Constitutive Models. Plastic Material Models for Concrete and Soils. Numerical Methods in Plasticity. Thermodynamic Approach to Constitutive Modeling. Elastoplastic Constitutive Models for Large Strain. Crystal Plasticity and Microplane Constitutive Models. PART V: TIME-DEPENDENT INELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF METALS AND CONCRETE. Models for Localization of Softening and Size Effect. Viscoplasticity. Material Models for Concrete Creep and shrinkage. Creep and Shrinkage Effects in concrete Structures. Appendix A: Linear Elastic Trusses. Appendix B: Linear Elastic Beams and Frames. Appendix C: Linear Programming. Appendix D: Cartesian Tensors and Elasticity. Appendix E: Model B3 for Predicting Concrete Creep and Shrinkage. Appendix F: Softening Inelastic Hinges: Deviations from Plasticity and Size Effects. References. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisWhat you need to know to protect your designs and get them built as you envision them; how to get and keep clients and become their trusted advisor and professional—every architect needs the answers in this concise, thorough, and readable guide.Trade Review"Professional Practice gives our changing industry exactly what it needs, a clear and concise road map to the design and building process. Paul Segal taps his many years as a successful practicing architect and educator to touch on just about every important challenge facing the profession, and yet leaves us with a healthy dose of new ideas and hope for the future." -- Frank Sciame, President/CEO Sciame Construction and Development"It is a pleasure to read a book in which the conscientious practice of architecture is accorded the respect it deserves. A precise and vivid account of the complex process by which buildings come to be designed and realized through the progressive interaction of clients, architects, contractors, and a wide range of technical and legal specialists, this is destined to be of equal pertinence to any of the protagonists commonly involved in the act of making buildings." -- Kenneth Frampton, Ware Professor of Architecutre, Columbia University"Paul Segal is one of the only architects I know who not only understands but truly loves both the aesthetic power of great architecture and the practical demands of the real world, and he has spent much of his career teaching younger architects that these things do not have to be incompatible. In this book, he explains clearly, concisely, and eloquently how architecture is not only an art and not only a business--how it has to be both." -- Paul Goldberger, Architecture Critic and Dean, Parsons The New School for Design

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The industry-standard guide to earthmoving and machinesâthoroughly revised to cover the latest advancesThis fully updated resource covers every aspect of site preparation and management, and details the machines and vehicles needed to perform each task. Written by a team of excavation experts, the book helps you choose the right approach for any job, select appropriate equipment, and understand the related safety requirements. You will get clear explanations of the different types of excavation methods, including compaction, grading, blasting, structural excavation, and aggregate production. The text also provides examples of how to calculate machine production.Moving the Earth: Excavat

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Book SynopsisA tactical guide to successful Virtual Design and Construction project coordination, featuring case studies from leading VDC firms. Virtual Design Coordination (VDC) employs information-rich Building Information Modeling (BIM) to enable specialty designers and contractors to create a single, coordinated set of designs that can prevent cost overruns, avoid schedule delays, and identify issues in the field. Although BIM-based design coordination is widely used in the commercial construction industry, there remains a need for a standardized practice. BIM for Design Coordination formalizes industry best practices and provides structured guidelines to the process. Helping readers gain the benefits of BIM-based design coordination, this practical guide covers areas such as setting up a project for success, model quality impacts on design coordination, carrying out a successful VDC session, and more. Specific guidelines for various project stakeholders are laid Table of ContentsPreface xi Acknowledgements xiii About the Author xv 1 Introduction 1 Structure of This Book 3 Chapter 2: Setting Up the Project for Success 3 Chapter 3: Model Quality 3 Chapter 4: Carrying Out a Successful Design Coordination Session 4 Chapter 5: Specific Guidelines for General Contractors (GCs) and the VDC Coordination Team 4 Chapter 6: Specific Guidelines for Architects and Engineers 4 Chapter 7: Specific Guidelines for Subcontractors and Fabricators 5 Chapter 8: BIM-Based Design Coordination in Other Industry Sectors 5 Chapter 9: BIM Teaching Considerations 5 Chapter 10: What the Future Holds for Design Coordination 5 2 Setting Up the Project for Success 7 2.0 Executive Summary 7 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Owner’s Role 8 2.3 BIM Project Execution Plan 11 2.4 Design Coordination Team Composition and Skills 12 2.5 Federated Model Example 14 2.6 Summary and Discussion Points 16 Appendix 18 3 Model Quality 37 3.0 Executive Summary 37 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Analysis of Modeling Effort and Impact of Different Levels of BIM Detail 38 3.2.1 Project 1 38 3.2.2 Project 2 40 3.2.3 Description of Performed Analyses 41 3.2.4 Results from Leite et al. (2011) LOD Study 43 3.3 Conclusions from the Leite et al. (2011) LOD Study 49 3.4 Model Quality Assurance Guidelines 50 3.4.1 LOD Requirements 51 3.5 Summary and Discussion Points 53 4 Carrying Out a Successful Design Coordination Session 55 4.0 Executive Summary 55 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Traits of an Effective Design Coordination Moderator 56 4.3 Design Coordination Workflow 57 4.3.1 3D Modeling 57 4.3.2 Internal Coordination 58 4.3.3 Clash Detection 59 4.4 Characteristics of a Successful Design Coordination Session 66 4.5 Summary and Discussion Points 67 5 Specific Guidelines for General Contractors and the VDC Coordination Team 69 5.0 Executive Summary 69 5.1 Introduction 70 5.2 Role of the VDC Coordinator in the Design Coordination Process 70 5.3 Interfacing with Other Stakeholders 77 5.3.1 Owner 77 5.3.2 Designers 77 5.3.3 Subcontractors 78 5.4 Case Study: Academic Building in the Southern United States 78 5.5 Summary and Discussion Points 82 6 Specific Guidelines for Architects and Engineers 85 6.0 Executive Summary 85 6.1 Introduction 86 6.2 Role of Designers in the Design Coordination Process 88 6.2.1 Generating the Design Model (e.g., Architectural, Structural) 88 6.2.2 Updating the Model with Design Changes 89 6.2.3 Point of Contact for BIM Issues Related to Design 89 6.3 Interfacing with Other Stakeholders 89 6.3.1 Owner 89 6.3.2 General Contractor 90 6.3.3 Subcontractors 90 6.4 Case Study: Facility Expansion Project 90 6.4.1 Current Practice of the Constructability Review 91 6.4.2 Construction Model Development 92 6.4.3 Model-Based Design Review Process 95 6.5 Summary and Discussion Points 98 7 Specific Guidelines for Subcontractors and Fabricators 101 7.0 Executive Summary 101 7.1 Introduction 102 7.2 Role of Subcontractors and Fabricators in the Design Coordination Process 102 7.2.1 Generating the Respective Trade Model 104 7.2.2 Attending Weekly Design Coordination Sessions and Following Model Development and Submission Requirements Established in the BIM PxP 105 7.2.3 Ensuring Comprehensive Model Coordination between Trades 105 7.2.4 Updating the Model During the Construction Phase 105 7.2.5 Producing Shop Drawings from the Coordinated Model 105 7.2.6 Installing Work Based on the Coordinated Construction Model 105 7.3 Interfacing with Other Stakeholders 106 7.3.1 General Contractor 107 7.3.2 Other Subcontractors 108 7.3.3 Designers 108 7.3.4 Owner 108 7.4 Case Study: Academic Building 108 7.5 Summary and Discussion Points 113 8 BIM-Based Design Coordination in Other Industry Sectors 115 8.0 Executive Summary 115 8.1 Introduction 115 8.2 BIM-Based Design Coordination and Fields in Infrastructure Projects 116 8.2.1 Case Study: White River Bridge Project 117 8.2.2 Case Study: Reconstruction of an Interchange 121 8.3 BIM-Based Design Coordination in Industrial Projects 122 8.3.1 Case Study: Refinery Upgrade Project 125 8.4 Summary and Discussion Points 126 9 BIM Teaching Considerations 129 9.0 Executive Summary 129 9.1 Introduction 130 9.2 Background Research 130 9.3 Course Description 132 9.4 Course Overview and Learning Objectives 133 9.5 Course Organization and Educational Modules 133 9.6 Example Educational Module: Design Coordination 135 9.6.1 Statement of Alignment to Course Learning Objectives 135 9.6.2 Lecture 136 9.6.3 Hands-On Sessions 136 9.6.4 Assignment Description 136 9.7 Industry Involvement 139 9.8 Lessons Learned 141 9.9 Summary and Discussion Points 142 10 What the Future Holds for Design Coordination 145 10.0 Executive Summary 145 10.1 Introduction 146 10.2 Emerging Technologies for Design Coordination 147 10.2.1 Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality 148 10.2.2 Artificial Intelligence in Support of Automated Design Coordination 148 10.2.3 Computer Vision and Deep Learning in Support of Automated Model Updates 152 10.3 Digital Transformation of the AECFM Industry 155 10.4 Summary and Discussion Points 156 Index 159

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Book Synopsis''A fascinating celebration of the impact that structural engineering has on all our lives[an] eye-opening book'' The Sunday Times In BUILT, structural engineer Roma Agrawal takes a unique look at how construction has evolved from the mud huts of our ancestors to skyscrapers of steel that reach hundreds of metres into the sky. She unearths how engineers have tunnelled through kilometres of solid mountains; how they''ve bridged across the widest and deepest of rivers, and tamed Nature's precious and elusive water resources. She tells vivid tales of the visionaries who created the groundbreaking materials in the Pantheon''s record-holding concrete dome and the frame of the record-breaking Eiffel Tower. Through the lens of an engineer, Roma examines tragedies like the collapse of the Quebec Bridge, highlighting the precarious task of ensuring people''s safety they hold at every step. With colourful stories of her life-long fascination with buildings and her own hand-draTrade Review[Agrawal] weaves accessible explanations of scientific principles together with engaging historical stories and personal anecdotes…[a] timely and impassioned book * Guardian *Agrawal has a gift for rendering complex phenomena in simple terms...a real treat * Financial Times *Agrawal is a rarity: a female structural engineer in an adamantly male profession … She will inspire young women who are considering a career in engineering … [S]he shines when explaining the sorts of things people might be too shy to admit they find inherently fascinating * New York Times Book Review *Agrawal has just launched her first book, Built, the latest salvo in her crusade to get us to see the world “through different eyes, the eyes of an engineer” * i newspaper *A fascinating celebration of the impact that structural engineering has on all our lives…[an] eye-opening book * The Sunday Times *Roma makes the complex principles of structural engineering accessible to everyone with clear explanations and engaging illustrations. It has made me suddenly look at every building I pass in a new way * Ellen Stofan, former Chief Scientist at NASA *Roma Agrawal makes engineering thrilling, accessible and thoroughly enjoyable. Built is another great example of how women can write beautifully about so-called male subjects. Bring on the female engineers! -- Andrea Wulf, historian and author of The Invention of NatureA wonderfully absorbing book about an engineer and her passion for construction * Professor Mark Miodownik, materials engineer, broadcaster and author of Stuff Matters *A charming tribute to one woman’s love of engineering. Full of fascinating facts and personal stories * Angela Saini, author of Geek Nation *A necessary reminder of the wonderful human ingenuity behind the world’s greatest engineering projects, from Roman aqueducts to London’s magnificent Shard. Built will inspire readers of every stripe * Erica Wagner, author of Chief Engineer *A book about real engineering written by a real engineer who can really write * Henry Petroski, author of The Road Taken *A passionate, often personal love letter to the science of structure. Whether exploring Pompeii or assembling pineapple upside-down cake, Agrawal’s journey will change the way you look at the structures you take for granted * Jennifer Ouellette, author of The Calculus Diaries *Roma Agrawal is a much-needed role model for the next generation of engineers. Most girls never give a thought to civil engineering as a career. The book will change that * Rob Eastaway, mathematician and author of Any Ideas? Tips and Techniques for Creative Problem Solving *Roma Agrawal makes engineering thrilling, accessible and thoroughly enjoyable. Built is another great example of how women can write brilliantly about so-called male subjects. Bring on the female engineers! * Andrea Wulf, historian and author of Chasing Venus: The Race to Measure the Heavens *How come we have skyscrapers, bricks, bridges and tunnels? It’s down to structural engineers, but who are these awesome makers? Men in hard hats? Not necessarily! Roma Agrawal has helped to design some iconic structures that grace our cities. Here she gives an insider’s captivating account, so rich in history and so full of verve that she is bound to make others want to follow in her footsteps. Built reveals how human ingenuity keeps us safe from the raw forces of nature, all in a style that is down-to-earth as well as funny and personal * Uta Frith, psychologist and author of Autism: Explaining the Enigma *This fascination is communicated with flair and passion in a highly engaging debut book that will appeal to the engineer and the inquisitive layperson alike * E&T Magazine *

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Book SynopsisA completely updated guide to engineering and construction project managementThis up-to-date guide presents highly effective strategies for managing engineering and construction projects from the initial conceptual stage, to design and construction, all the way to completion. Reorganized to mirror the chronology of a real-world job, Project Management for Engineering and Construction: A Life-Cycle Approach, Fourth Edition addresses all phases of the project lifecycle. You will get field-ready tactics to manage the scope, budget, and schedule of a construction project, starting at the very earliest steps of the process.Coverage includes: Project initiation Preliminary development Work plan development Team selection and development Document control Early estimates Project budgeting Risk assessment and analysis Design proposals Project planning and scheduling Design c

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Book Synopsis Focuses on modern sustainable design concepts, processes, and practices Applies foundational principles of physics, chemistry, biology, and sustainability to creating solutions for managing and mitigating environmental problems Places emphasis on global issues such as pollution prevention and resource recovery Explains energy and mass balance concepts using numerous clear and engaging example problems Provides a coherent and unified approach to life cycle assessment and thinking development Features effective pedagogical tools, including numerical assessment and design problems, research activities, discussion topics, and extensive online learning resources Includes extensive teaching materials for instructors, such as active learning exercises, homework assignments, classroom activities, and a solutions manual Table of ContentsChapter One Sustainable Design, Engineering, and Innovation 1 Chapter Two Environmental Measurements 45 Chapter Three Chemistry 79 Chapter Four Physical Processes 129 Chapter Five Biology 196 Chapter Six Environmental Risk 260 Chapter Seven Water: Quantity and Quality 308 Chapter Eight Water Treatment 389 Chapter Nine Wastewater and Stormwater: Collection, Treatment, Resource Recovery 457 Chapter Ten Solid-Waste Management 541 Chapter Eleven Air Quality Engineering 596 Periodic table of the elements 679 Answers to Selected Problems 680 Index 690

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Book SynopsisHow the marriage ofIndustry4.0and theCircularEconomycanradicallytransform waste managementandourworld Do wereallyhave to make a choice between a wastelessand nonproductiveworldorawastefulandultimately self-destructive one? Futuristandworld-renownedwaste managementscientistAntonis Mavropoulosand sustainablebusiness developer and digital strategist Anders Nilsenrespondwitha ringing and optimisticNo!TheyexploretheEarth-changingpotential ofa happy (and wasteless)marriage betweenIndustry 4.0andaCircularEconomythat couldwithproperlyreshapedwastemanagement practicesdelivertransformativeenvironmental, health, and societalbenefits.This book is about the possibility of abrand-newworld and the challenges to achieve it. Thefourth industrial revolutionhasgiven us innovationsincludingrobotics, artificial intelligence,3D-printing, andbiotech.Byusingthesetechnologiestoadvance theCircular Economywhereindustryproduces more durable materials andruns onits own byproductsthe wastemanagementindustrywill become a central element of a more sustainable world andcan ensure itsown, but well beyond business as usual,future.Mavropoulos and Nilsenlook at howthis can be achieveda wasteless world will requiremorewaste managementand examineobstacles and opportunities such asdemographics, urbanization, global warming,andthe environmental straincausedbythe rise of theglobalmiddle class. Explorethenewprevention, reduction,and elimination methodstransformingwaste management Comprehend and capitalizeon the business implicationsfor the sector Understandthe theory viapractical examples and case studies Appreciate the social benefitsofthe new approach Waste-managementhasalwaysbeen vital for theprotection ofhealth and the environment.Now itcanbecomeacrucialrole modelinshowing howIndustry4.0and theCircular Economycanconvergeto ensureflourishing, sustainableand muchbrighterfuture. Table of ContentsForeword 1 xi Foreword 2 xiii Foreword 3 xvii Series Preface xxi Preface xxiii About the Authors xxv About the Graphic Designer xxvii Endorsements xxix Glossary xxxiii List of Acronyms xxxix Chapter 1: The End of Business as Usual 1 1.1 The Trillion-Dollar Question 2 1.2 The Future is Warmer, Urbanized, Polluted, and Resource-Hungry 3 1.3 It Can’t Happen Again 9 1.4 It’s About People, Not Waste 12 1.5 About This Book 15 References 18 Chapter 2: Understanding Industry 4.0 23 2.1 The Four Industrial Revolutions 24 2.1.1 The First Industrial Revolution 25 2.1.2 The Second Industrial Revolution 27 2.1.3 The Third Industrial Revolution 30 2.1.4 The Fourth Industrial Revolution 34 2.2 Industry 4.0 36 2.2.1 The Technologies that Drive the Revolution 38 2.2.1.1 Internet of Things 40 2.2.1.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 40 2.2.1.3 Machine Learning (ML) 40 2.2.1.4 Autonomous Robots 40 2.2.1.5 Virtual Simulators 40 2.2.1.6 New Human–Machine Interfaces 41 2.2.1.7 Encryption and Cybersecurity 41 2.2.1.8 Cloud and APIs 41 2.2.1.9 Additive Manufacturing 41 2.2.1.10 Blockchain 41 2.2.1.11 Advanced Materials 42 2.2.2 What Changes Can Industry 4.0 Enable? 43 2.2.2.1 Responsive and Flexible Production Systems 44 2.2.2.2 Integrated Ecosystems 44 2.2.2.3 Engineering for Life Cycle Throughout the Entire Value Chain 44 2.2.2.4 Acceleration by the Use of Exponential Technologies 44 2.2.3 Important Concepts in Industry 4.0 Systems 45 2.2.3.1 Predictive Maintenance 45 2.2.3.2 Digital Twins 46 2.2.3.3 Smart Factories 46 2.2.3.4 Industrial Symbiosis 46 2.2.3.5 Lights-Out Manufacturing 46 2.2.3.6 Edge Computing 47 2.2.4 Revolution or Evolution? 47 2.3 More with Less and the Rebound Effect 49 2.4 Radical Solutions to Difficult Problems 52 2.4.1 Transforming Business Models 53 2.4.2 Creating Collaborative Ecosystems 54 2.4.3 Killer Apps of the Industry 4.0 55 References 57 Chapter 3: Un(mis)understanding Circular Economy 61 3.1 A Global Trend 62 3.1.1 China and EU Are Leading the Way 62 3.1.2 Other Government Initiatives 64 3.1.3 Private Sector Initiatives 66 3.1.4 Why Now? 66 3.2 Circular Economy Comes from Our Past 69 3.2.1 The Post-World War II Acceleration 71 3.2.2 Industrialization Stimulated the Linearization of the Economy 72 3.3 What is a Circular Economy? 74 3.3.1 Hundred Fourteen Answers for One Question 77 3.4 From Good Intentions to Science 80 3.4.1 We Live in a “Full” World 82 3.4.2 Thermodynamics Are Fundamental 85 3.5 Circularity is not Sustainability 87 3.5.1 Anthropogenic Stocks Are Ignored but Rapidly Growing 90 3.5.2 What Can We Really Achieve Advancing Circular Economy? 92 3.6 The Butterfly Effect 93 3.6.1 How About Composite Materials? 96 3.6.2 The Importance of the System’s Boundaries 96 3.7 The End of Growth as We Know It 99 3.7.1 The End of “Green Growth” 101 3.7.2 IND4.0 and the Religion of Continuous Growth 102 3.8 Circular Economy for Whom? 104 3.8.1 The Social Footprint of Circular Economy is Shaped by Corporate Interests 106 3.8.2 Time to Rethink Governance 111 3.9 It’s Huge, Systemic, Uncertain but Urgently Needed 114 References 118 Chapter 4: Redefining Resources and Waste 125 4.1 IND4.0 Redefines Resources 126 4.1.1 The Energy Footprint of Digitalization 127 4.1.2 Metals Are Key for IND4.0 129 4.1.3 More Food and More Water 131 4.2 Redefining the Term “Waste” 132 4.2.1 A Brief Historical Overview 133 4.2.2 Future Waste Streams 136 4.2.3 Anthropogenic Stocks 136 4.2.4 Food Waste 139 4.2.5 Plastics 140 4.2.6 E-Waste 144 4.2.7 Other Important Waste Streams 146 4.3 Waste Hierarchy: Upgraded or Obsolete? 147 4.3.1 Critiques About Waste Hierarchy 151 4.3.2 Looking for More Systemic and Complex Tools 154 4.3.3 Looking for Alternatives to Waste Hierarchy 158 4.4 Sorry, Recycling is Not Circular Economy 160 4.4.1 Weight-Based Targets Are Misleading 161 4.4.2 Searching for New Metrics 163 4.4.3 Losing My (Recycling) Religion 165 4.4.4 Why Do We Recycle? Service vs. Value Chain 167 4.4.5 Usual Misconceptions About Recycling 170 4.5 Waste Management Goes Beyond Waste 173 4.5.1 Complexity and Uncertainties Become the New Normal 178 4.6 Final Sinks During the Anthropocene 181 4.6.1 Chemical Pollution is a Serious Threat 183 4.6.2 Clean Material Cycles in Circular Economy Require More Final Finks 186 4.6.3 Circular Economy Needs More and Better Waste Management 188 4.6.4 Waste to Energy in Circular Economy 190 4.6.5 Sanitary Landfills in Circular Economy 191 4.7 Circularities for Materials-Linearities for People 193 References 200 Chapter 5: Waste Management 4.0 213 5.1 Perceptions and Reality 214 5.1.1 Expectations for Industry 4.0 214 5.1.2 The Hype and the Surprise 215 5.1.3 Dilemmas Facing Waste Management 218 5.1.4 An Ongoing Transformation 219 5.2 Hardware in Waste Management 221 5.2.1 The Connected Devices of Waste Management 222 5.2.1.1 Smartphones 222 5.2.1.2 Connected Weights 223 5.2.1.3 Container Level Sensors 223 5.2.1.4 RFID Bin Tags and Scanners 223 5.2.1.5 Smart Locks 224 5.2.1.6 GPS Trackers 224 5.2.1.7 Material Scanners 224 5.2.1.8 Industrial Robots 225 5.2.1.9 Screening Machines 225 5.2.2 Integrated Hardware Systems 226 5.2.2.1 Reverse Vending Machines 227 5.2.2.2 Underground Container Systems 227 5.2.2.3 Automated Vacuum Collection (AVAC) 227 5.2.2.4 Automated Waste Sorting Plants 228 5.3 Software in Waste Management 229 5.3.1 The Changing Landscape of Software Development 229 5.3.1.1 From Servers to Cloud 229 5.3.1.2 From Files to APIs 229 5.3.1.3 From Monoliths to Modules 230 5.3.1.4 From Centralized to Distributed Architecture 230 5.3.1.5 From Reactive to Predictive Software 230 5.3.2 Current Software in Waste Management 231 5.3.2.1 ERP Systems 231 5.3.2.2 Customer Management Systems 231 5.3.2.3 Project Management Software (PMS) 231 5.3.2.4 Data Lakes and Data Warehouses 232 5.3.2.5 Fleet Management Systems 232 5.3.2.6 Route Planning Software 232 5.3.2.7 Field Reporting Software 232 5.3.2.8 Customer Apps 233 5.3.2.9 Marketplace Software 233 5.3.3 Dealing with Complexity and Creating Higher-Level Systems 233 5.3.3.1 Connectivity/ Integration Platforms 234 5.3.3.2 Cloud Communications Platforms 234 5.3.3.3 Smart Contract Frameworks 236 5.3.3.4 Code Repositories 237 5.4 Selected Case Studies 237 5.4.1 Developing a Platform to Simplify Access Management Across Different Technical Solutions 237 5.4.2 Using Bin Sensors to Decrease Overflowing Trash Cans with 80% 239 5.4.3 Creating Symbiosis-Like Industrial Parks to Curb Emissions and Increase Resource Productivity 240 5.4.4 Enabling a Fully Automated Waste Processing Facility 241 5.5 The Value of Openness 243 References 246 Chapter 6: Towards the Digitalization of the Waste Industry 251 6.1 From Waste Management to Resource Innovation 252 6.1.1 A Fundamental Shift 253 6.1.2 Risks and Challenges 255 6.1.3 From Specific to Holistic Problem Solving 256 6.2 Leadership and Management 257 6.2.1 Long-Term Vision or Short-Term Pragmatism? 260 6.2.2 Leadership Styles and Strategies 262 6.2.3 Choosing the Right Innovation Methodology 263 6.2.3.1 Design Thinking 264 6.2.3.2 Lean Start-Up 265 6.2.3.3 Agile 265 6.2.4 Building Industrial Ecosystems 267 6.2.5 Dealing with Complexity 268 6.2.6 Political Leadership 269 6.3 Exploration Versus Exploitation 272 6.3.1 Playing with Both Hands 272 6.3.2 The Three Types of Innovation 273 6.3.3 Resource Optimization: The Forgotten Perspective 274 6.4 From Digitalization to New Business Models 275 6.4.1 Sustainability as a Driver of Value 276 6.4.2 The Elements of a Business Model 279 6.4.3 Business Model Experiments: The RESTART Approach 281 6.5 Democratizing Technology 284 6.5.1 The Benefits of Openness 284 6.5.2 Creating and Promoting Shared Standards 286 6.5.3 Global Collaboration for the Common Good? 287 References 290 Chapter 7: The Rise of a New Science 295 7.1 The Rise of Urban Informatics 296 7.1.1 New Answers to Old Questions, but Not for Free 298 7.1.2 Citizens’ Engagement 300 7.1.3 More Challenges 301 7.2 Islands of Information in Oceans of Big Data 303 7.2.1 Understanding Cities 303 7.2.2 Understanding Supply Chains 305 7.2.3 Understanding Waste Management 305 7.2.4 Mobile Phones Are the Key to Create New Big Data Sets 307 7.2.5 Predicting Pandemics 311 7.3 The Dark Side of the Moon 311 7.3.1 Surveillance Capitalism? 313 7.4 From Cities as Machines to Cities as Organisms 315 7.4.1 Urban Theories and the Role of Scaling 316 7.4.2 From Urban Scaling to Urban Sustainability 318 7.4.3 Big Data Meets the New Urban Science 320 7.5 Circular Economy: Digitized or Dead 323 References 327 Chapter 8: Stairway to Heaven or Highway to Hell? 333 8.1 Circular Economy or Space Race? 336 8.2 Circular Economy and IND4.0 as Essentially Contested Concepts 339 8.3 Squeezing IND4.0 – Undermining Circular Economy 341 8.4 Governance is the Key – Cities are the Lock 346 8.5 Beyond Business as Usual Optimization 352 8.6 Environmental Incrementalism? No, Thanks 354 8.7 IND4.0 Meets the Horse Manure Crisis 358 8.8 No Sanitation = No Sustainability 361 8.9 Ask Sisyphus the Trillion-Dollar Question 363 References 367 Epilogue: The Future Starts with You 373 Epilogue: Towards Irreversible Wastelands 375 Index 379

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Book SynopsisWritten to Eurocode 7 and the UK National AnnexUpdated to reflect the current usage of Eurocode 7, along with relevant parts of the British Standards, Pile Design and Construction Practice, Sixth Edition maintains the empirical correlations of the originalcombining practical know how with scientific knowledge and emphasizing relevant principles and applications of soil mechanics and design. Contractors, geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists responsible for designing and constructing piled foundations can find the most current types of pile, piling equipment, and relevant methods in this latest work. The book summarizes recent changes, including new codified design procedures addressing design parameters and partial safety factors. It also presents several examples, many based on actual problems.Broad and Comprehensive In Its Coverage Trade Review"If you work in the ground engineering sector then this is a must for your bookshelf. ... Now in its sixth edition, this book adheres (excuse the pun) to the guiding principles of the first… New material extends to the consideration of new codified design procedures such as Eurocodes, the use and development of larger more powerful pile installation equipment and new methods of analysis based on current innovation and research."—Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, November 2015 "This is the standard of care, the ultimate, practical arbitrator."—Donald A Bruce, Geosystems LP "The book gives a comprehensive overview of the piling techniques in common use, their advantages and disadvantages. This information gives a sound basis for the selection of a given technique. Design of piles to Eurocode 7 is well described and all the general pile installation methods covered."—Hilary Skinner, Donaldson Associates Ltd "If you work in the ground engineering sector then this is a must for your bookshelf. ... Now in its sixth edition, this book adheres (excuse the pun) to the guiding principles of the first… New material extends to the consideration of new codified design procedures such as Eurocodes, the use and development of larger more powerful pile installation equipment and new methods of analysis based on current innovation and research."—Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, November 2015 "This is the standard of care, the ultimate, practical arbitrator."—Donald A Bruce, Geosystems LP "The book gives a comprehensive overview of the piling techniques in common use, their advantages and disadvantages. This information gives a sound basis for the selection of a given technique. Design of piles to Eurocode 7 is well described and all the general pile installation methods covered."—Hilary Skinner, Donaldson Associates Ltd Table of ContentsGeneral principles and practices. Types of pile. Piling equipment and methods. Calculating the resistance of piles to compressive loads. Pile groups under compressive loading. Design of piled foundations to resist uplift and lateral loading. Some aspects of the structural design of piles and pile groups. Piling for marine structures. Miscellaneous piling problems. Durability of piled foundations. Ground investigations, piling contracts, and pile testing. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Sustainable Building 1 1.1 Building Functions 1 1.2 Building Elements 2 1.2.1 Input: Energy 2 1.2.2 Input: Water 3 1.2.3 Input: Materials 5 1.2.4 Output: Waste 6 1.2.5 Output: Pollution 7 1.2.6 Output: Poor Health 7 1.3 Definition of Sustainable Building 7 1.4 Origin and Significance of Sustainable Building 8 1.5 Sustainable Principles 11 1.5.1 Reduce 12 1.5.2 Reuse 13 1.5.3 Recycle 13 1.5.4 Regenerate 13 1.6 Three-Layer Design Approach 14 1.7 Three-Tier Design Approach 16 1.8 Two Case Studies 18 Homework Problems 20 References 21 2 Life Cycle Cost Analysis 23 2.1 Life Phases of a Building 23 2.2 Design Process of a Building 24 2.3 Integrated Design Process of a Sustainable Building 27 2.4 Basics of Cost and Economic Analysis 30 2.5 Life Cycle Cost Analysis 35 2.5.1 Terminologies 35 2.5.2 Life Cycle Cost 36 2.5.3 Life Cycle Savings 37 2.6 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Based Optimization 40 Homework Problems 43 3 Building Standards and Codes 45 3.1 Impacts of Building Codes 45 3.2 Types of Design Regulations 45 3.2.1 Federal Regulations 45 3.2.2 Building Codes 48 3.2.3 Building Standards 49 3.2.4 Building Guidelines 50 3.2.5 Building Assessment and Rating Systems 51 3.3 Integrative Use of All 56 3.3.1 Integrated Design 56 3.3.2 Life Cycle Cost Analysis Based Design 57 3.3.3 Building Information Modeling 58 Homework Problems 59 References 59 4 Air Properties and Psychrometric Chart 61 4.1 Air Composition 61 4.2 Moist Air and Its Properties 62 4.2.1 Ideal Gas Law 62 4.2.2 Properties 62 4.2.2.1 Pressure: P (Unit: Pa) 62 4.2.2.2 Temperature: T (Unit: K, C, F, R) 64 4.2.2.3 Humidity Ratio: W (Unit: Kg/Kgdry-air) 64 4.2.2.4 Relative Humidity: ϕ (Unit: %) 65 4.2.2.5 Dewpoint Temperature: Tdew (Unit: K, C, F, R) 66 4.2.2.6 Wet-Bulb Temperature: Twet (Unit: K, C, F, R) 66 4.2.2.7 Enthalpy: h (Unit: kJ/kgdry-air, Btu/lbdry-air) 67 4.3 Construction of a Psychrometric Chart 70 4.3.1 Construction of Air Saturation Line as a Function of Temperature 70 4.3.2 Construction of Relative Humidity Lines 71 4.3.3 Construction of Enthalpy Lines 71 4.3.4 Construction of Wet-Bulb Temperature Lines 72 4.3.5 The Final Format of a Psychrometric Chart 74 Homework Problems 77 5 Climate and Site Analysis 79 5.1 Climate Analysis 79 5.1.1 Meteorological Year Data 79 5.1.2 Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) Data on Psychrometric Chart 80 5.2 Heating and Cooling Design Climatic Data 99 5.3 Site Analysis 104 Homework Problems 108 6 Indoor Thermal Comfort 109 6.1 Indoor Environment Quality 109 6.2 Indoor Thermal Comfort 109 6.2.1 Heat and Mass Transfer Mechanisms 109 6.2.2 Energy Conservation Equation 111 6.2.3 Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) due to Thermal Comfort 114 6.3 Comfort Zone 118 6.4 Approaches to Improving Indoor Thermal Comfort 125 6.5 Other Thermal Comfort Factors 127 6.5.1 Draft 127 6.5.2 Asymmetry of Radiation 127 6.5.3 Thermal Stratification 128 6.5.4 Thermal Variations with Time 129 6.5.5 Floor Surface Temperature 129 Homework Problems 130 References 131 7 Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation, and Infiltration 133 7.1 Indoor Air Quality 133 7.1.1 Causes of Sickness 133 7.1.2 Control of Indoor Contaminants 136 7.2 Ventilation 137 7.2.1 Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP) 137 7.2.2 Indoor Air Quality Procedure (IAQP) 141 7.3 Air Purification 143 7.4 Infiltration 149 7.5 Blower Door Test 153 Homework Problems 157 References 158 8 Heat Transfer through Building Envelope 159 8.1 Latent Heat Transfer 159 8.2 Sensible Heat Transfer 160 8.2.1 Heat/Thermal Storage 160 8.2.2 Conduction: Conductive Heat Transfer 163 8.2.3 Convection: Convective Heat Transfer 173 8.2.4 Radiation: Radiative Heat Transfer 181 8.3 Practical Heat Transfer through Building Envelope 189 8.4 Ground Heat Transfer 196 8.4.1 Slab-on-Grade 196 8.4.2 Below-Grade Heat Transfer: Basement Wall and Floor 198 Homework Problems 203 9 Sun and Solar Radiation 207 9.1 Sun and Solar 207 9.2 Solar Angles 209 9.3 Sky Dome and Sun-Path Diagrams 212 9.4 Solar Shading 215 9.5 Solar Radiation on External Walls 218 9.6 Solar Radiation on Windows 221 Homework Problems 229 10 Passive Building Systems 233 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 Overview of Passive Cooling 234 10.3 Overview of Passive Heating 235 10.4 Prescreening Feasibility of Passive Cooling and Heating Techniques 236 10.5 Natural Ventilation 239 10.5.1 Principle 239 10.5.2 Performance 239 10.5.3 Design Considerations 240 10.6 Night Cooling with Thermal Mass 243 10.6.1 Principle 243 10.6.2 Performance 244 10.6.3 Design Considerations 244 10.7 Direct/Indirect Evaporative Cooling 246 10.7.1 Principle 246 10.7.2 Performance 247 10.7.3 Design Considerations 249 10.8 Trombe Wall 250 10.8.1 Principle 250 10.8.2 Performance 251 10.8.3 Design Considerations 251 10.9 Sunspace 252 10.9.1 Principle 252 10.9.2 Performance 252 10.9.3 Design Considerations 253 10.10 Double Skin Façade 254 10.10.1 Principle 254 10.10.2 Performance 254 10.10.3 Design Considerations 255 10.11 Phase Change Material 258 10.11.1 Principle 258 10.11.2 Performance 258 10.11.3 Design Considerations 260 Homework Problems 262 References 263 11 Building Load Calculation 265 11.1 Residential and Light Commercial Buildings 265 11.1.1 Heating Load Calculation 266 11.1.1.1 Through Envelope Structures and Windows 267 11.1.1.2 Through Infiltration 267 11.1.2 Cooling Load Calculation 267 11.1.2.1 Through Envelope Structures 267 11.1.2.2 Through Envelope Glasses 268 11.1.2.3 Through Infiltration 270 11.1.2.4 Due to Occupants and Appliances 270 11.2 Commercial Buildings 271 Homework Problems 276 12 Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation Systems 279 12.1 Basics of Heating and Cooling Systems 279 12.1.1 Heating Systems 279 12.1.1.1 Fire Pit and Fireplace 279 12.1.1.2 Hot Water Heating Systems 279 12.1.1.3 Hot Air Heating Systems 281 12.1.1.4 Electrical Heating Systems 286 12.1.2 Cooling Systems 286 12.1.2.1 Principles of Compressive Refrigeration 286 12.1.2.2 Various Air-Conditioning Systems 289 12.2 Basics of Heating and Cooling Distribution Systems 289 12.2.1 All Air System 290 12.2.2 All Water System 292 12.2.3 Air Water System 292 12.3 Heating and Cooling on Psychrometric Chart 293 12.3.1 Change of Sensible Heat 293 12.3.2 Humidification and Dehumidification 297 12.3.3 Cooling and Dehumidification 298 12.3.4 Heating and Humidification 299 12.3.5 Adiabatic Mixing of Air 301 12.4 Central HVAC Systems on Psychrometric Chart 302 12.5 Coil Sizing and Selection 305 Homework Problems 311 Reference 314 13 Building Energy Consumption 315 13.1 Manual Calculation 315 13.1.1 The Degree-Day Method 315 13.1.2 The Bin Method 318 13.2 Computer Simulation 318 13.2.1 Introduction 318 13.2.2 Fundamentals of EnergyPlus (E+) 321 13.2.2.1 General Descriptions of EnergyPlus 321 13.2.2.2 Heat Balance Method of EnergyPlus 322 13.2.3 A Case Study of EnergyPlus (E+) 326 13.2.3.1 EnergyPlus Model Input Uncertainty 329 13.2.3.2 EnergyPlus Model Calibration 329 13.2.3.3 EnergyPlus Model Results 330 13.2.3.4 Summary 335 Homework Problems 336 References 337 14 Building Energy Analysis and Optimization 339 14.1 Overview 339 14.2 Simulation Tools 341 14.3 Benchmark Model Development 341 14.3.1 Developing the Benchmark Model 341 14.3.2 Chinese Office Benchmark Description for the Cold Climate Region 341 14.3.3 Chinese Office Benchmark Performance 343 14.4 Parametric Analysis 344 14.5 Energy Efficiency Measures 344 14.5.1 Selecting Energy Efficiency Measures for the Initial Optimization 344 14.5.2 Energy Efficiency Measures for the Initial Optimization 345 14.6 Initial Optimization 345 14.6.1 Optimization Fundamentals 345 14.6.2 Chinese Office Benchmark Initial Optimization 346 14.7 Sensitivity Analysis 347 14.8 Second Optimization and Recommendations 348 14.9 Conclusions 349 Homework Problems 350 References 352 Index 353

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Book SynopsisRock Lighthouses of Britain & Ireland is a new edition of the classic work on the subject – but with some of the most famous Irish rock lighthouses included. The text has been updated to include the modern technology being used by the lighthouse authorities, as well as all the historical advances made over the centuries at British and Irish rock lights, complemented by scores of new and many stunning photographs. Also included are historic plans and drawings, many of them highly colourful and artistic, as used by the original lighthouse builders. At the end are comprehensive and detailed tables about the rock lighthouses maintained by all three lighthouse authorities. Building on the acclaim received for the earlier editions, it brings the history of these iconic structures completely up-to-date, from the day the first granite block was laid, through their construction, automation, the disappearance of the lighthouse keeper, right up to today’s automated operation. Here are some of the world’s most famous rock lighthouses. There are stories of men battling against Nature’s most powerful forces to build a structure designed to save lives on a seemingly impossible site. Rock Lighthouses of Britain & Ireland spans the centuries between the world’s first rock lighthouse on the Eddystone reef, to the very last rock lighthouse, constructed in the traditional style, on Ireland’s Fastnet Rock and accordingly will remain the premier book about rock lighthouses.Table of ContentsOut of the darkness – A history of the British and Irish lighthouses services; Eddystone – The beginning; The Skerries – The price of generosity; The Smalls – A rock lighthouse on legs; Longships – The Land’s End light; The Longstone – Grace Darling’s light; Bell Rock – The start of the Stevensons; Tuskar Rock – The lighthouse that almost killed a King; The Skelligs – The lighthouse at the end of the road; Skerryvore – The noblest of all; Bishop Rock – The Blue Riband light; Fastnet – The last of the great rock towers; Muckle Flugga – The northern light; The Bull and The Calf – If at first you don’t succeed…; Wolf Rock – The curse of the Cornish wreckers; Dubh Artach–- Guardian of the Hebrides; Chicken Rock – A Manx crag; Flannan Isles – The Marie Celeste lighthouse; Rockall – ‘The most isolated rock on the surface on the earth’; South Rock – A remarkable survivor; Rock lights – A new era begins; Appendix – Rock lighthouse data

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Data Everywhere 5 Chapter 1: Defining Data Governance 7 Chapter 2: Exploring a World Awash in Data 23 Chapter 3: Driving Value through Data 41 Chapter 4: Transforming through Data 55 Part 2: Delivering Data Governance 75 Chapter 5: Building the Business Case for Data Governance 77 Chapter 6: Focusing on the Fundamentals of Data Governance 91 Part 3: Developing Data Governance 105 Chapter 7: Establishing Data Governance Objectives 107 Chapter 8: Identifying Data Governance Roles and Responsibilities 121 Chapter 9: Designing a Data Governance Program 139 Chapter 10: Deploying a Data Governance Program 157 Part 4: Democratizing Data 183 Chapter 11: Running a Successful Data Governance Program 185 Chapter 12: Measuring and Monitoring a Data Governance Program 209 Chapter 13: Responding to Data Governance Challenges and Risks. 227 Part 5: The Part of Tens 243 Chapter 14: Ten Data Governance Best Practices 245 Chapter 15: Ten Essential Data Governance Stakeholders 255 Index 263

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Book SynopsisIt is vital to ensure that your company complies with its contractual obligations. It is also vital to check whether the other parties are complying with theirs. This book was written to help those involved in the management of busy construction projects to find answers to contractual issues arising from the FIDIC forms of contract. The book is organised in such a way that you can find answers in a fraction of the time it would take to study the full conditions of contract. This book sets out the contractual obligations of the Employer, the Contractor, the Engineer and the DAB in a simple tabular form, together with the time-frames in which they should be performed and the consequences of non-compliance. This means that you will have all the information at your fingertips without having to study lengthy contractual clauses. For those using the FIDIC forms for the first time, or perhaps not using them too often, this book is a must, whilst experienced users will find itTable of ContentsAbout the Author v Foreword vi Acknowledgements vii Introduction ix Chapter 1 the Red Book: Conditions of Contract for Construction, for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer, First Edition 1999 1 The Obligations of the Employer 3 The Obligations of the Contractor 14 The Obligations of the Engineer 38 The Obligations of the Dispute Adjudication Board 50 Chapter 2 the Pink Book: Conditions of Contract for Construction, MDB 1 Harmonised Edition for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer, June 2010 55 The Obligations of the Employer 57 The Obligations of the Contractor 69 The Obligations of the Engineer 98 The Obligations of the Dispute Board 111 Chapter 3 The Red Book Subcontract: Conditions of Subcontract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer, First Edition 2011 115 The Obligations of the Contractor 117 The Obligations of the Subcontractor 130 Chapter 4 The Yellow Book: Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build for Electrical and Mechanical Plant, and for Building and Engineering Works, Designed by the Contractor, First Edition 1999 143 The Obligations of the Employer 145 The Obligations of the Contractor 156 The Obligations of the Engineer 183 The Obligations of the Dispute Adjudication Board 196 Chapter 5 The Silver Book: Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects, First Edition 1999 199 The Obligations of the Employer 201 The Obligations of the Contractor 218 The Obligations of the Dispute Adjudication Board 244 Chapter 6 The Gold Book: Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects, First Edition 2008 247 The Obligations of the Employer 249 The Obligations of the Contractor 260 The Obligations of the Employer’s Representative 290 The Obligations of the Dispute Adjudication Board 304 Chapter 7 The Green Book: Short form of Contract, First Edition 1999 309 The Obligations of the Employer 311 The Obligations of the Contractor 315 The Obligations of the Adjudicator 321 Chapter 8 The White Book: Client/Consultant Model Services Agreement, Fourth Edition 2006 323 The Obligations of the Client 325 The Obligations of the Consultant 330

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Book SynopsisProvides tools and techniques required to research and prepare a contractual construction claim This book guides readers through the techniques and approach for properly preparing a construction contract claim and seeing it through. It teaches them how to gather all the facts in order to present arguments concisely, clearly, and forcefully. It focuses on the practical issues of how to research and present a contract claimwhether it be for additional time, prolongation costs, disruption, or revised rates and prices for work due to some changed circumstance affecting construction. Aimed at those who need to prepare a claim, but just as helpful to those defending one, Preparing Construction Claims offers chapter coverage on everything about planning and programmingthe methods for assessing them, as well as regular and computerized techniques. The book covers time chainage/line of balance; bar charts, common sense evaluation techniques; and relevant clauses that all contracts contain. RTable of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xv 1 Types of Claims 1 1.1 What Are Claims? 1 1.2 Measurement Claims 2 1.3 Changes to the Character Timing, Quality and Content 3 1.4 Revised Rates and Prices 3 1.5 Access and Possession of the Site 4 1.6 Changes 5 1.6.1 Varied Works 5 1.6.2 Changes to Scope 6 1.6.3 Quality of Materials 6 1.6.4 Design Changes/Increased Scope of Work 7 1.6.5 Value Engineering 9 1.6.6 Preferential Engineering 9 1.6.7 Varied Temporary Works 9 1.6.8 Unforeseen Conditions 10 1.6.9 Contaminated Materials (e.g. Asbestos or Hydrocarbons) 11 1.6.10 Adverse Weather 11 1.6.11 Force Majeure Events 12 1.6.12 Suspension Orders/Stop Work Orders 13 1.6.13 Late Approval/Failure to Approve 13 1.6.14 Late Information/Revised Information 14 1.6.15 Antiquities or Archaeological Discoveries 14 1.6.16 The Prevention Principle 15 1.6.17 Tolerance Creep 15 1.6.18 Utilities and Services 16 1.6.19 Insurance Matters 16 1.6.20 Disruption Claims 16 1.6.21 Mitigation Claims 17 1.6.22 Acceleration Claims 17 1.6.23 Delayed or Wrongful Withholding of Payment by the Employer 18 1.6.24 Termination of the Contract 18 2 Basis of Claims 21 2.1 Contractual Basis 21 2.2 Initial Investigation 21 2.3 Causation and Liability 22 2.4 Review of Contract Clauses 23 3 Contracts 25 3.1 The Construction and Interpretation of Contracts 25 3.1.1 A Note on Ejusdem Generis 27 3.2 Formation of the Contract and Disputed Terms 27 3.2.1 Judicial Implied Terms 27 3.3 Interpretation of Statutes 28 3.4 Standard Forms 28 3.5 Modifications to Standard Forms 28 3.6 Bespoke/Unique Contracts 29 4 Available Documents 31 4.1 Documents Likely to Be Available 31 4.1.1 Tender Information 31 4.1.2 Tender and Final Contract 31 4.1.3 Contract Documents 32 4.1.4 Commencement and Access 32 4.1.5 Contract Records 32 4.1.5.1 Correspondence 32 4.1.5.2 Minutes of Meetings 33 4.1.5.3 Construction Records 33 4.1.5.4 Drawing Registers 34 4.1.6 Approval/Acceptance of Submissions 34 4.1.6.1 Programmes, Method Statements and Temporary Works Designs 34 4.1.6.2 Construction Permits, Inspections and Approvals 34 4.1.6.3 Taking-Over Certificates or Completion Certificates for the Works or Sections of the Works 34 5 Records and Notices 35 5.1 Records 35 5.2 Contemporary Records 37 5.3 Source Data 38 5.3.1 Expenditure 38 5.3.1.1 People 39 5.3.1.2 Plant and Equipment 39 5.3.2 Progress Reports 39 5.4 Other Relevant Evidence 39 5.4.1 Diaries and Other Records 40 5.4.2 Plant and Equipment 40 5.4.3 Other Records 40 5.4.4 Unexpected Events and/or Ground Conditions 41 5.5 Maximising Recovery 41 5.6 Missing Records 41 5.7 Notices 42 5.8 Time Bar Provisions and Timing of Notices 42 5.9 Disclaimers and Reservation of Rights 43 6 Programmes 45 6.1 Planning and Programming Techniques 45 6.1.1 Introduction 45 6.1.1.1 Why Prepare Programmes? 45 6.1.1.2 Methods 45 6.1.1.3 Key Aims 48 6.1.1.4 Main Elements of a Programme 48 6.1.1.5 Choice of Programming Technique 49 6.1.2 Types of Programming Techniques Available 49 6.1.2.1 Hand-Drawn Bar Charts 49 6.1.2.2 Logic-Linked Bar Chart 50 6.1.3 Updating/Monitoring Hand-Drawn Programmes 50 6.1.3.1 Pins and String 50 6.1.3.2 Admirals Ribbons 51 6.1.3.3 Progress Tabulation 51 6.1.3.4 Planned Project Management: Progress Monitoring 51 6.1.3.5 Computer-Based Programmes and Progress Updates 51 6.1.4 Critical Path Analysis 52 6.1.5 Computer-Based Systems 53 6.1.6 Time Location Chart 54 6.1.7 Line of Balance 55 6.1.8 Short-Term Planning 56 6.1.8.1 Daily/Weekly Target Schedule 56 6.1.8.2 Daily Graphical Output Chart 56 6.1.8.3 Pictograms 57 6.1.8.4 What is a Programme? 57 6.1.8.5 What is the Programme’s Contractual Status? 57 6.1.9 Preparing and Monitoring the Programme 59 6.1.9.1 Content 59 6.1.10 Degree of Detail in Programmes 61 6.1.10.1 The Outline or Tender Programme 61 6.1.10.2 The Master or Baseline Programme 61 6.1.10.3 Sectional Completion Programmes or Special ‘Restricted Possession’ Programmes 61 6.1.10.4 Construction or Working Programmes 61 6.1.10.5 Compromise 62 6.1.11 Project Notebook 62 6.1.12 Float in Programmes 62 6.1.13 What is Float? 62 6.1.13.1 Consider the Following as a Simple Definition 62 6.1.14 Types of Float 63 6.1.14.1 Programmed (or Built-in) Float 63 6.1.14.2 Activity Float 64 6.1.14.3 End Float 64 6.1.14.4 Added Duration 64 6.1.14.5 Gained or Generated Float 64 6.1.15 Float: Its Effects and Who Owns It 64 6.1.15.1 Financial Implications of Float 64 6.1.15.2 Ownership 65 6.1.15.3 Problems With Programmes 66 7 Delay Analysis 69 7.1 What is a Delay? 69 7.2 Principles 70 7.3 Validating the Programme 72 7.4 Techniques 74 7.4.1 Concurrent Delay 80 7.5 Methods 81 7.5.1 The Use of As-Built Programmes 84 7.5.2 Collapsed As-Built Analysis 86 7.5.2.1 Example Planned v Collapsed As-Built 87 7.5.3 Computerised Delay Analysis Techniques 89 7.5.4 The Additive Approach/Impacted As-Planned 90 7.5.5 Stage As-Built Addition Method/Time-Slice/Windows Analysis 91 7.5.6 The Deductive Approach 92 7.5.7 Choice of Method 93 7.6 Conversion of Programmes to Alternate Software 93 7.7 Critical Path 94 7.8 Extensions of Time 95 8 Direct Costs of Changes/Variations 99 8.1 Definition 99 8.2 Prolongation Cost/Extended Site Expenditure 100 8.3 Overheads 101 9 Disruption 103 9.1 Definition 103 9.2 Delay and Disruption 103 9.3 Global Claims 105 9.3.1 Cumulative Impact/Ripple Effect 105 9.3.2 John Doyle v Laing 112 9.3.3 Conclusion 116 9.4 Methods 116 9.4.1 Measured Mile 116 9.5 Other Methods 117 9.5.1 Earned Value (EV) Analysis 118 9.5.2 Mathematical Approaches 119 9.5.2.1 Example Where There is a Change Proportion of 30% 121 9.6 Disruption Can Be Separated Under Two Headings 122 9.6.1 Direct Effects 122 9.6.2 Indirect Effects and Cumulative Impact of Events 123 9.7 Typical Claim Heads 123 9.7.1 Out-of-Sequence Working 123 9.7.2 Relocation and Disjointed Working (Site Moves) 125 9.7.3 Manufacturing – Precast Units, Structural Steelwork, Etc. 125 9.7.4 Specialist Plant and Equipment 126 9.7.5 Summary 127 9.7.6 Overlapping of Tasks/Increased Number of Work Areas 127 9.7.7 Crowding 127 9.7.8 Increased Procurement Costs 128 9.7.9 Thickening/Increased Supervision 128 9.7.10 Seasonal Shift 130 9.7.11 Inflation 130 9.7.12 Acceleration 131 9.7.13 Constructive Acceleration and Mitigation 131 10 Presentation 137 10.1 Introduction 137 10.2 Typical List of Contents 139 10.2.1 Executive Summary 139 10.2.2 Introduction 139 10.2.3 Basis of Claim/Contractual Entitlement 140 10.2.4 History of Events 140 10.2.5 Delay Analysis 140 10.2.6 Evaluation 140 10.2.7 Summary/Conclusion 141 10.2.8 Appendices 141 11 Disruption Claim Examples 143 11.1 Disruption 143 11.1.1 Measured Mile 143 11.1.2 Planned Productivity 145 11.1.3 Choice of Baseline/Control Areas 145 11.1.4 Conclusion from the Measured Mile Calculation 147 11.1.5 Disruption Calculations 148 11.1.6 Adjustments to Recorded Man-Days 148 11.1.7 Time-Related Labour Adjustment 148 11.1.8 Assessment of Delays for Varied Works 148 11.1.9 Site Moves/Remobilisation 149 11.1.10 Delay Events 150 11.1.11 Restricted Working Areas 150 11.1.12 Varied Works Instructed 150 11.1.13 Revised Sequence of Works 151 11.1.14 Actual Production Achieved 151 11.1.15 Conclusion 151 11.1.16 Mathematical Model of Disruption 152 11.1.17 Acceleration Costs 153 11.A Disruption Claim Example Schedule refer to 11.1.15 154 12 Prolongation Costs 155 12.1 Prolongation 155 12.2 HO Overheads 160 12.3 The Hudson Formula 161 12.3.1 Modified Hudson (to Remove Double Counting of Profit on Profit) 161 12.4 The Emden Formula 161 12.5 The Eichleay Formula 162 13 Thickening Claims 163 13.1 Thickening 163 Index 173

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewAn aesthetically pleasing ornament and an educational encyclopaedia of global architecture styles, construction materials, religion and history. * Geographical *

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