Reliability engineering Books
John Wiley & Sons Inc Effective FMEAs Achieving Safe Reliable and
Book SynopsisThis book defines the correct procedures for doing a failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to achieve high quality in products and processes, outlining how to successfully apply the FMEA procedure in design, development, manufacturing, and service applications.Table of ContentsSeries Editor’s Foreword xvii Copyrights and Permissions xix Acknowledgments xxi Introduction xxiii Chapter 1 The Case for Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 1 In This Chapter 1 1.1 The Need for Effective FMEAs 1 1.2 FMEA Application by Industry 4 1.3 The Factor of 10 Rule 5 1.4 FMEA Successes 6 1.5 Brief History of FMEA 8 1.6 FMEA Standards and Guidelines 8 1.7 How to Use This Book 9 1.8 Web Companion to Effective FMEAs 10 1.9 End of Chapter Problems 10 References 11 Chapter 2 The Philosophy and Guiding Principles for Effective FMEAs 12 In This Chapter 12 2.1 What Is Philosophy and Why Does It Matter to FMEAs? 12 2.2 Guiding Principles for Effective FMEAs 13 2.3 The Role of FMEA in Design for Reliability 17 2.4 You Can’t Anticipate Everything 18 2.5 End of Chapter Problems 19 References 20 Chapter 3 Understanding the Fundamental Definitions and Concepts of FMEAs 21 In This Chapter 21 3.1 Definition of FMEA 21 3.2 Primary Objective of FMEA 22 3.3 Definition of Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis 22 3.4 Types of FMEAs 23 3.5 FMEA Definitions and Examples 25 3.6 Is It a Failure Mode, Effect, or Cause? 48 3.7 FMEA Glossary 49 3.8 Web Companion to Effective FMEAs 51 3.9 End of Chapter Problems 51 References 55 Chapter 4 Selection and Timing of FMEA Projects 56 In This Chapter 56 4.1 Guidelines for When to Do FMEAs 56 4.2 FMEA Project Selection Criteria 58 4.3 Preliminary Risk Assessment 59 4.4 When to Do Different Types of FMEAs 60 4.5 Responsibility for FMEAs between OEMs and Suppliers 62 4.6 Introducing the All-Terrain Bicycle Case Study 63 4.7 End of Chapter Problems 64 Chapter 5 How to Perform an FMEA Project: Preparation 66 In This Chapter 66 Use of the Bicycle Examples in the Chapter 66 5.1 The Subject of FMEA Preparation 67 5.2 Preparation Tasks Done Once for All FMEA Projects 67 5.3 Preparation Tasks for Each New FMEA Project 78 5.4 End of Chapter Problems 103 References 106 Chapter 6 How to Perform an FMEA Project: Procedure 107 In This Chapter 107 Use of the Bicycle Examples in the Chapter 107 6.1 FMEA Procedure Sequence of Steps 108 6.2 Basic FMEA Procedure 109 6.3 FMEA Linkages 152 6.4 End of Chapter Problems 158 References 161 Chapter 7 How to Develop and Execute Effective Risk Reduction Actions 162 In This Chapter 162 Use of the Bicycle Examples in the Chapter 162 7.1 Prioritize Issues for Corrective Action 163 7.2 Develop Effective Recommended Actions 165 7.3 Action Strategies to Reduce Risk 166 7.4 Examples of Recommended Actions 176 7.5 FMEA Execution Enablers 176 7.6 The Essence of Execution 182 7.7 Documenting Actions Taken 182 7.8 Ensuring Risk Is Reduced to an Acceptable Level 183 7.9 End of Chapter Problems 183 References 186 Chapter 8 Case Studies 187 In This Chapter 187 8.1 Case Study: Shock Absorber Assembly 188 8.2 Case Study: Strudel Pastry Manufacturing 190 8.3 Case Study: Motorola Solutions “Press-to-Talk” Feature 193 8.4 Case Study: Flashlight 200 8.5 Case Study: DC-10 Cargo Door Failure 200 8.6 Case Study: Space Shuttle Challenger O-Ring Failure 204 8.7 Case Study: Projector Lamp 206 8.8 Case Study: All-Terrain Bicycle 206 8.9 Case Study: Resin Lever 213 8.10 Case Study: Power Steering 217 8.11 Other Case Studies and Examples 217 8.12 Web Companion to Effective FMEAs 221 8.13 End of Chapter Problems 221 References 224 Chapter 9 Lessons Learned for Effective FMEAs 226 In This Chapter 226 9.1 The Most Common FMEA Mistakes: How to Avoid Them and Audit Them 226 9.2 Summary of FMEA Quality Objectives 235 9.3 FMEA Quality Audit Procedure 235 9.4 End of Chapter Problems 236 Chapter 10 How to Facilitate Successful FMEA Projects 241 In This Chapter 241 10.1 FMEA Facilitation 241 10.2 Effective Meetings 242 10.3 Primary FMEA Facilitation Skills 243 10.4 Unleashing Team Creativity 252 10.5 FMEA Facilitation Roles and Responsibilities 255 10.6 How to Reduce FMEA In-Meeting Time 261 10.7 Difficulty Getting Consensus on Competing Ideas 261 10.8 End of Chapter Problems 263 References 265 Chapter 11 Implementing an Effective Company-Wide FMEA Process 266 In This Chapter 266 11.1 What is a Company-Wide FMEA Process and Why is it Important? 266 11.2 Management Roles and Responsibilities 267 11.3 Effective FMEA Process 268 11.4 Lessons Learned in Implementing a Company-Wide FMEA Process 279 11.5 Company Climate for Sharing Failure Information 281 11.6 End of Chapter Problems 282 Chapter 12 Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) 285 In This Chapter 285 12.1 Introduction to FMECA 285 12.2 When to Use FMECA 286 12.3 Brief History of FMECA 286 12.4 Types of FMECA 287 12.5 Quantitative Criticality Analysis 287 12.6 Qualitative Criticality Analysis 289 12.7 FMECA Criticality Matrix 292 12.8 FMECA Worksheet 292 12.9 Summary Output of FMECA 292 12.10 End of Chapter Problems 294 References 296 Chapter 13 Introduction to Design Review Based on Failure Mode (DRBFM) 297 In This Chapter 297 13.1 What Is DRBFM? 297 13.2 Change Point Analysis 300 13.3 Conducting DRBFM Projects 302 13.4 How DRBFM Integrates with FMEA 304 13.5 DRBFM Worksheet 304 13.6 DRBFM Examples and Case Studies 304 13.7 Design Review Based on Test Results 309 13.8 DRBFM Glossary 311 13.9 DRBFM Resources for Further Study 312 13.10 End of Chapter Problems 313 References 315 Chapter 14 Introduction to Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) 316 In This Chapter 316 14.1 What Is Fault Tree Analysis? 316 14.2 FTA and FMEA 317 14.3 Brief History of FTA 318 14.4 Models 318 14.5 Events and Gates 318 14.6 FTA Example 319 14.7 FTA Glossary 320 14.8 FTA Procedure 323 14.9 FTA Handbooks and Standards 324 14.10 Use of FTA on Software 324 14.11 FTA Benefits and Limitations 324 14.12 End of Chapter Problems 326 References 327 Chapter 15 Other FMEA Applications 328 In This Chapter 328 15.1 Reliability-Centered Maintenance 328 15.2 Hazard Analysis 340 15.3 Concept FMEA 347 15.4 Software FMEA 348 15.5 Failure Modes, Mechanisms, and Effects Analysis 356 15.6 Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis 358 15.7 End of Chapter Problems 361 References 363 Chapter 16 Selecting the Right FMEA Software 365 In This Chapter 365 16.1 Characteristics of Excellent FMEA Software 365 16.2 Why Not Just Use Spreadsheet Software? 368 16.3 Advantages of Relational Database 368 16.4 Using the Criteria for Selecting Relational Database Software 369 16.5 End of Chapter Problems 369 Reference 370 Appendices 371 Appendix A FMEA Scales 371 Appendix B FMEA Worksheet Forms 376 B.1 Design FMEA Worksheet Forms 377 B.2 Process FMEA Worksheet Forms 382 Appendix C All-Terrain Bicycle Documents 388 Appendix D Lists and Checklists 392 D.1 FMEA Preparation Checklists 392 Checklist 393 D.2 Lists of Failure Mechanisms (excerpts from book) 396 D.3 FMEA Quality Objectives 399 D.4 FMEA Facilitation Checklists 400 D.5 FMEA Action Strategy Checklist 405 D.6 FMEA Quality Audit Procedure 409 D.7 FMEA Quality Survey Form 413 Appendix E FMEA Glossary 414 References 418 Index 419
£99.86
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Fracture Mechanics 1: Analysis of Reliability and
Book SynopsisThis first book of a 3-volume set on Fracture Mechanics is mainly centered on the vast range of the laws of statistical distributions encountered in various scientific and technical fields. These laws are indispensable in understanding the probability behavior of components and mechanical structures that are exploited in the other volumes of this series, which are dedicated to reliability and quality control.The author presents not only the laws of distribution of various models but also the tests of adequacy suited to confirm or counter the hypothesis of the law in question, namely the Pearson (x2) test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, along with many other relevant tests.This book distinguishes itself from other works in the field through its originality in presenting an educational approach which aims at helping practitioners both in academia and industry. It is intended for technicians, engineers, designers, students, and teachers working in the fields of engineering and vocational education. The main objective of the author is to provide an assessment of indicators of quality and reliability to aid in decision-making. To this end, an intuitive and practical approach, based on mathematical rigor, is recommended.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1. Elements of Analysis of Reliability and Quality Control 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.1.1. The importance of true physical acceleration life models (accelerated tests = true acceleration or acceleration) 3 1.1.2. Expression for linear acceleration relationships 4 1.2. Fundamental expression of the calculation of reliability 5 1.3. Continuous uniform distribution 9 1.3.1. Distribution function of probabilities (density of probability) 10 1.3.2. Distribution function 10 1.4. Discrete uniform distribution (discrete U) 12 1.5. Triangular distribution 13 1.5.1. Discrete triangular distribution version 13 1.5.2. Continuous triangular law version 14 1.5.3. Links with uniform distribution 14 1.6. Beta distribution 15 1.6.1. Function of probability density 16 1.6.2. Distribution function of cumulative probability 18 1.6.3. Estimation of the parameters (p, q) of the beta distribution 19 1.6.4. Distribution associated with beta distribution 20 1.7. Normal distribution 20 1.7.1. Arithmetic mean 20 1.7.2. Reliability 22 1.7.3. Stabilization and normalization of variance error 23 1.8. Log-normal distribution (Galton) 28 1.9. The Gumbel distribution 28 1.9.1. Random variable according to the Gumbel distribution (CRV, E1 Maximum) 29 1.9.2. Random variable according to the Gumbel distribution (CRV E1 Minimum) 30 1.10. The Frechet distribution (E2 Max) 31 1.11. The Weibull distribution (with three parameters) 32 1.12. The Weibull distribution (with two parameters) 35 1.12.1. Description and common formulae for the Weibull distribution and its derivatives 37 1.12.2. Areas where the extreme value distribution model can be used 39 1.12.3. Risk model 40 1.12.4. Products of damage 41 1.13. The Birnbaum–Saunders distribution 42 1.13.1. Derivation and use of the Birnbaum–Saunders model 43 1.14. The Cauchy distribution 45 1.14.1. Probability density function 45 1.14.2. Risk function 48 1.14.3. Cumulative risk function 48 1.14.4. Survival function (reliability) 49 1.14.5. Inverse survival function 49 1.15. Rayleigh distribution 50 1.16. The Rice distribution (from the Rayleigh distribution) 52 1.17. The Tukey-lambda distribution 53 1.18. Student’s (t) distribution 55 1.18.1. t-Student’s inverse cumulative function law (T) 57 1.19. Chi-square distribution law (χ2) 57 1.19.1. Probability distribution function of chi-square law (χ2) 57 1.19.2. Probability distribution function of chi-square law (χ2) 58 1.20. Exponential distribution 59 1.20.1. Example of applying mechanics to component lifespan 63 1.21. Double exponential distribution (Laplace) 66 1.21.1. Estimation of the parameters 66 1.21.2. Probability density function 66 1.21.3. Cumulated distribution probability function 67 1.22. Bernoulli distribution 68 1.23. Binomial distribution 71 1.24. Polynomial distribution 75 1.25. Geometrical distribution 75 1.25.1. Hypergeometric distribution (the Pascal distribution) versus binomial distribution 76 1.26. Hypergeometric distribution (the Pascal distribution) 78 1.27. Poisson distribution 80 1.28. Gamma distribution 81 1.29. Inverse gamma distribution 85 1.30. Distribution function (inverse gamma distribution probability density) 85 1.31. Erlang distribution (characteristic of gamma distribution, Γ) 85 1.32. Logistic distribution 89 1.33. Log-logistic distribution 91 1.33.1. Mathematical–statistical characteristics of log-logistic distribution 91 1.33.2. Moment properties 92 1.34. Fisher distribution (F-distribution or Fisher–Snedecor) 92 1.35. Analysis of component lifespan (or survival) 95 1.36. Partial conclusion of Chapter 1 96 1.37. Bibliography 97 Chapter 2. Estimates, Testing Adjustments and Testing the Adequacy of Statistical Distributions 99 2.1. Introduction to assessment and statistical tests 99 2.1.1. Estimation of parameters of a distribution 100 2.1.2. Estimation by confidence interval 102 2.1.3. Properties of an estimator with and without bias 103 2.2. Method of moments 106 2.3. Method of maximum likelihood 106 2.3.1. Estimation of maximum likelihood 107 2.3.2. Probability equation of reliability-censored data 108 2.3.3. Punctual estimation of exponential law 109 2.3.4. Estimation of the Weibull distribution 110 2.3.5. Punctual estimation of normal distribution 111 2.4. Moving least-squares method 113 2.4.1. General criterion: the LSC 114 2.4.2. Examples of nonlinear models 118 2.4.3. Example of a more complex process 122 2.5. Conformity tests: adjustment and adequacy tests 123 2.5.1. Model of the hypothesis test for adequacy and adjustment 125 2.5.2. Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test (KS 1930 and 1936) 126 2.5.3. Simulated test (1st application) 131 2.5.4. Simulated test (2nd application) 131 2.5.5. Example 1 132 2.5.6. Example 2 (Weibull or not?) 135 2.5.7. Cramer–Von Mises (CVM) test 139 2.5.8. The Anderson–Darling test 140 2.5.9. Shapiro–Wilk test of normality 145 2.5.10. Adequacy test of chi-square (χ2) 145 2.6. Accelerated testing method 151 2.6.1. Multi-censored tests 152 2.6.2. Example of the exponential model 152 2.6.3. Example of the Weibull model 152 2.6.4. Example for the log–normal model 153 2.6.5. Example of the extreme value distribution model (E-MIN) 153 2.6.6. Example of the study on the Weibull distribution 154 2.6.7. Example of the BOX–COX model 156 2.7. Trend tests 157 2.7.1. A unilateral test 158 2.7.2. The military handbook test (from the US Army) 160 2.7.3. The Laplace test 160 2.7.4. Homogenous Poisson Process (HPP) 160 2.8. Duane model power law 164 2.9. Chi-Square test for the correlation quantity 166 2.9.1. Estimations and χ2 test to determine the confidence interval 167 2.9.2. t_test of normal mean 170 2.9.3. Standard error of the estimated difference, s 171 2.10. Chebyshev’s inequality 171 2.11. Estimation of parameters 173 2.12. Gaussian distribution: estimation and confidence interval 174 2.12.1. Confidence interval estimation for a Gauss distribution 175 2.12.2. Reading to help the statistical values tabulated 175 2.12.3. Calculations to help the statistical formulae appropriate to normal distribution 175 2.12.4. Estimation of the Gaussian mean of unknown variance 175 2.13. Kaplan–Meier estimator 178 2.13.1. Empirical model using the Kaplan–Meier approach 179 2.13.2. General expression of the KM estimator 180 2.13.3. Application of the ordinary and modified Kaplan–Meier estimator 181 2.14. Case study of an interpolation using the bi-dimensional spline function 181 2.15. Conclusion 183 2.16. Bibliography 184 Chapter 3. Modeling Uncertainty 187 3.1. Introduction to errors and uncertainty 187 3.2. Definition of uncertainties and errors as in the ISO norm 189 3.3. Definition of errors and uncertainty in metrology 191 3.3.1. Difference between error and uncertainty 192 3.4. Global error and its uncertainty 202 3.5. Definitions of simplified equations of measurement uncertainty 204 3.5.1. Expansion factor k and range of relative uncertainty 206 3.5.2. Determination of type A and B uncertainties according to GUM 208 3.6. Principal of uncertainty calculations of type A and type B 229 3.6.1. Standard and expanded uncertainties 231 3.6.2. Components of type A and type B uncertainties 232 3.6.3. Error on repeated measurements: composed uncertainty 232 3.7. Study of the basics with the help of the GUMic software package: quasi-linear model 239 3.8. Conclusion 245 3.9. Bibliography 245 Glossary 249 Index 257
£125.06
Pearson Education (US) Establishing SRE Foundations
Book SynopsisDr. Vladyslav Ukis is head of R&D for the Siemens Healthineers teamplay digital health platform and reliability lead for all Siemens Healthineers Digital Health products. Previously, as software development lead, he drove Continuous Delivery, SRE, and DevRel transformation, helping this large distributed development organization evolve architecture, deployment, testing, operations, and culture to implement these new processes at scale.Trade Review"Many enterprises today face the challenge of establishing modern operations for their SaaS offerings. This book provides a proven step-by-step guide for how this can be done from scratch using Google's SRE methodology. From achieving organizational buy-in to laying down the basic SRE foundations, establishing incident response and implementing a suitable organizational structure--the book contains a wealth of advice for development, operations, and leadership teams!"--Dr. Peter Schardt, Chief Technology Officer at Siemens Healthcare GmbH "Establishing SRE Foundations is a great introductory guide for anyone new to understanding and implementing Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) in their organization. Vlad creates a solid platform for anyone wishing to understand the SRE approach to building reliability into software services. As well as practical advice on implementing techniques such as SLIs and SLOs, Vlad goes into detail on how to achieve buy-in for SRE adoption and how to modify your organizational setup, rooted in his own experiences of working in a large organization. Those experiences are sorely lacking elsewhere in SRE literature, and when I'm asked in the future about SRE, I'll be referring people to this excellent book."--Steve Smith, author of Measuring Continuous Delivery (2020) "I very much enjoyed reading this book, even in its early forms. Vlad treats the topic of SRE methodically and in great detail; if you have ever been wondering whether or not someone else has come across your particular issue in an SRE implementation, this book can answer that question and probably has an actionable solution as well. Destined to become a constantly referenced handbook by all those involved in SRE change projects."--Niall Murphy, co-author of Site Reliability Engineering (2016) and The Site Reliability Handbook (2018) "There are an overwhelming number of blogs, books, podcasts, and ad hoc opinions covering the nitty-gritty of SRE toolchains and technology choices. That being said, SRE initiatives rarely fail for technological reasons--they fail for structural or organizational reasons. In Establishing SRE Foundations, Dr. Ukis has given us all a detailed, accessible, and actionable blueprint for the structures and practices of a successful SRE organization. It is an excellent book and one I would recommend to anyone looking to establish a scaled-out SRE practice in a complex environment."--Ben Sigelman, co-founder of Lightstep "Establishing SRE Foundations provides far and away the clearest, most comprehensive, and most actionable roadmap I have seen for driving, scaling, and sustaining SRE in an engineering organization. I cannot recommend it highly enough!"--Randy Shoup, eBay Chief Architect and former Google Engineering leader "Establishing SRE Foundations is a comprehensive guide for anyone looking to take their software operations to the next level. If you are a beginner, you will learn why SRE is a great methodology for improving operations, what the challenges of introducing SRE are, how to achieve organizational buyin for SRE, how to lay the foundation for SRE in your teams, and how to drive continuous improvement. If you are an experienced practitioner, you will learn how to set up an error budget policy, enable error budget–based decision-making, and implement a suitable organizational structure. I think the content of the book is spot on and highly recommend it!"--Vitor dos Reis, Director of Software Engineering at Delivery Hero "Vlad offers a detailed and comprehensive overview of the transformation to SRE. He covers assessment, organizational structures, technical implementation, communication, and continuation. This book is a clear roadmap for any organization starting or progressing their SRE journey, replete with what to consider, options available, and real-world examples. If you are thinking about starting the SRE journey, have found yourself stalled along the way, or are looking for more ideas to help you continue the journey successfully, then buy this book."--Doc Norton, Change Catalyst, OnBelay ConsultingTable of ContentsForeword xxiPreface xxvAcknowledgments xxixAbout the Author xxxiii Part I: Foundations 1 Chapter 1: Introduction to SRE 31.1 Why SRE? 31.2 Alignment Using SRE 131.3 Why Does SRE Work? 171.4 Summary 19 Chapter 2: The Challenge 212.1 Misalignment 222.2 Collective Ownership 232.3 Ownership Using SRE 252.4 The Challenge Statement 382.5 Coaching 392.6 Summary 41 Chapter 3: SRE Basic Concepts 433.1 Service Level Indicators 433.2 Service Level Objectives 453.3 Error Budgets 473.4 Error Budget Policies 533.5 SRE Concept Pyramid 553.6 Alignment Using the SRE Concept Pyramid 593.7 Summary 63 Chapter 4: Assessing the Status Quo 654.1 Where Is the Organization? 654.2 Where Are the People? 694.3 Where Is the Tech? 714.4 Where Is the Culture? 744.5 Where Is the Process? 794.6 SRE Maturity Model 814.7 Posing Hypotheses 814.8 Summary 86 Part II: Running the Transformation 87 Chapter 5: Achieving Organizational Buy-In 895.1 Getting People Behind SRE 895.2 SRE Marketing Funnel 925.3 SRE Coaches 965.4 Top-Down Buy-In 995.5 Bottom-Up Buy-In 1175.6 Lateral Buy-In 1225.7 Buy-In Staggering 1235.8 Team Coaching 1245.9 Traversing the Organization 1265.10 Organizational Coaching 1315.11 Summary 133 Chapter 6: Laying Down the Foundations 1356.1 Introductory Talks by Team 1356.2 Conveying the Basics 1366.3 SLI Standardization 1476.4 Enabling Logging 1546.5 Teaching the Log Query Language 1566.6 Defining Initial SLOs 1576.7 Default SLOs 1636.8 Providing Basic Infrastructure 1646.9 Engaging Champions 1676.10 Dealing with Detractors 1686.11 Creating Documentation 1716.12 Broadcast Success 1726.13 Summary 174 Chapter 7: Reacting to Alerts on SLO Breaches 1757.1 Environment Selection 1757.2 Responsibilities 1777.3 Ways of Working 1807.4 Setting Up On-Call Rotations 1857.5 On-Call Management Tools 1887.6 Out-of-Hours On-Call 1937.7 Systematic Knowledge Sharing 1967.8 Broadcast Success 2087.9 Summary 209 Chapter 8: Implementing Alert Dispatching 2118.1 Alert Escalation 2128.2 Defining an Alert Escalation Policy 2148.3 Defining Stakeholder Groups 2168.4 Triggering Stakeholder Notifications 2188.5 Defining Stakeholder Rings 2198.6 Defining Effective Stakeholder Notifications 2228.7 Getting the Stakeholders Subscribed 2258.8 Broadcast Success 2268.9 Summary 227 Chapter 9: Implementing Incident Response 2299.1 Incident Response Foundations 2299.2 Incident Priorities 2309.3 Complex Incident Coordination 2489.4 Incident Postmortems 2689.5 Effective Postmortem Criteria 2699.6 Mashing Up the Tools 2949.7 Service Status Broadcast 2989.8 Documenting the Incident Response Process 3019.9 Broadcast Success 3029.10 Summary 303 Chapter 10: Setting Up an Error Budget Policy 30510.1 Motivation 305 10.2 Terminology 307 10.3 Error Budget Policy Structure 30810.4 Error Budget Policy Conditions 30910.5 Error Budget Policy Consequences 31110.6 Error Budget Policy Governance 31210.7 Extending the Error Budget Policy 31410.8 Agreeing to the Error Budget Policy 31810.9 Storing the Error Budget Policy 31910.10 Enacting the Error Budget Policy 32010.11 Reviewing the Error Budget Policy 32110.12 Related Concepts 32210.13 Summary 324 Chapter 11: Enabling Error Budget–Based Decision-Making 325 11.1 Reliability Decision-Making Taxonomy 32511.2 Implementing SRE Indicators 33011.3 Process Indicators, Not People KPIs 35911.4 Decisions Versus Indicators 35911.5 Decision-Making Workflows 36211.6 Summary 388 Chapter 12: Implementing Organizational Structure 39112.1 SRE Principles Versus Organizational Structure 39312.2 Who Builds It, Who Runs It? 39412.3 You Build It, You Run It 40312.4 You Build It, You and SRE Run It 40612.5 You Build It, SRE Run It 42112.6 Cost Optimization 42412.7 Team Topologies 42612.8 Choosing a Model 43212.9 A New Role: SRE 44012.10 SRE Career Path 45012.11 Communicating the Chosen Model 45612.12 Introducing the Chosen Model 45712.13 Summary 462 Part III: Measuring and Sustaining the Transformation 465 Chapter 13: Measuring the SRE Transformation 46713.1 Testing Transformation Hypotheses 46713.2 Outages Not Detected Internally 46913.3 Services Exhausting Error Budgets Prematurely 47013.4 Executives' Perceptions 47113.5 Reliability Perception by Users and Partners 47213.6 Summary 473 Chapter 14: Sustaining the SRE Movement 47514.1 Maturing the SRE CoP 47514.2 SRE Minutes 47514.3 Availability Newsletter 47614.4 SRE Column in the Engineering Blog 47714.5 Promote Long-Form SRE Wiki Articles 47714.6 SRE Broadcasting 47814.7 Combining SRE and CD Indicators 47914.8 SRE Feedback Loops 48314.9 New Hypotheses 48414.10 Providing Learning Opportunities 48614.11 Supporting SRE Coaches 48714.12 Summary 489 Chapter 15: The Road Ahead 49115.1 Service Catalog 49215.2 SLAs 49415.3 Regulatory Compliance 49415.4 SRE Infrastructure 49515.5 Game Days 496 Appendix: Topics for Quick Reference 499 Index 507
£35.14
Wiley Accelerated Reliability and Durability Testing Technology
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£98.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Probability Reliability and Statistical Methods
Book SynopsisLearn the tools to assess product reliability! Haldar and Mahadevan crystallize the research and experience of the last few decades into the most up--to--date book on risk--based design concepts in engineering available. The fundamentals of reliability and statistics necessary for risk--based engineering analysis and design are clearly presented.Table of ContentsBasic Concept of Reliability. Mathematics of Probability. Modeling of Uncertainty. Commonly Used Probability Distributions. Determination of Distributions and Parameters from Observed Data. Randomness in Response Variables. Fundamentals of Reliability Analysis. Advanced Topics on Reliability Analysis. Simulation Techniques. Appendices. Conversion Factors. References. Index.
£222.30
John Wiley & Sons Inc Repairable Systems 354 Wiley Series in
Book SynopsisA unique, practical guide for industry professionals who need to improve product quality and reliability in repairable systems Owing to its vital role in product quality, reliability has been intensely studied in recent decades. Most of this research, however, addresses systems that are nonrepairable and therefore discarded upon failure.Trade Review"This new book does a fantastic job of giving detailed coverage and practical illustration to repairable systems reliability..." (Technometrics, Vol. 42, No. 4, May 2001) "Intended for engineers, quality managers and statisticians, this book could also be used for a graduate level course in reliability." (Short Book Reviews, Vol. 21, No. 2, August 2001) "...a thorough and systematic presentation..." (La Doc Sti, September 2000) "...a comprehensive presentation of materials associated with reliability of repairable systems..." (Journal of Quality Technology, Vol. 33, No. 4, October 2001) "Most of the literature in reliability deals with modelling and estimation in non-repairable systems; however this book considers repairable systems only." (Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 963, 2001/13) "...will be found useful by academicians as well as by practitioners." (Mathematical Reviews, 2002b) "...an excellent resource and textbook a book that will contribute to filling an existing need in the reliability area and will further motivate researchers to look into developing statistical methods appropriate for data from repairable systems..." (Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 97, No. 458, June 2002)Table of ContentsTerminology and Notation for Repairable Systems. Probabilistic Models: The Poisson Process. Probabilistic Models: Renewal and Other Processes. Analyzing Data from a Single Repairable System. Analyzing Data from Multiple Repairable Systems. Appendix. References.
£136.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Reliability Assessment
Book SynopsisThe first complete guide to using the Stochastic Finite Element Method for reliability assessment Unlike other analytical reliability estimation techniques, the Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM) can be used for both implicit and explicit performance functions, making it a particularly powerful and robust tool for today's engineer.Table of ContentsBasic Concept of Reliability. Commonly Used Probability Distributions. Fundamentals of Reliability Analysis. Simulation Techniques. Implicit Performance Functions: Introduction to SFEM. SFEM for Linear Static Problems. SFEM for Spatial Variability Problems. SFEM-Based Reliability Evaluation of Nonlinear Two- and Three-Dimensional Structures. Structures under Dynamic Loading. Appendices. References. Index.
£124.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Reliability in Engineering Design
Book SynopsisGrasp the basics of reliability techniques in engineering design With an emphasis on the problem of quantifying reliability in product design and testing, Reliability in Engineering Design provides a complete overview of the topic. Beginning with an introduction to reliability, the text then proceeds in a logical manner through related, relevant topics. Discussed at length are terms and measures used in reliability testing, static reliability models, probabilistic approaches to design reliability, analysis of complex systems, and obtaining reliability estimates from test data. To provide a connection between theory and practice, simple design examples are utilized to fully describe and illustrate design reliability methodologies, making the text an excellent resource for both experienced engineers and those new to these reliability techniques.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Reliability Measures. Static Reliability Models. Probabilistic Engineering Design. Combination of Random Variable's in Design. Interference Theory and Reliability Computations. Reliability Design Examples. Time Dependent Stress-Strength Models. Dynamic Reliability Models. Reliability Estimation: Exponential Distribution. Reliability Estimation: Weibull Distribution. Sequential Life Testing. Bayesian Reliability in Design and Testing. Reliability Optimization. Author Index. Subject Index.
£219.45
John Wiley & Sons Quality Conformance and Qualification of Microelectronic Packages and Interconnects
Book SynopsisAll packaging engineers and technologists who want to ensure thatthey give their customers the highest quality, most cost-effectiveproducts should know that the paradigm has shifted. It has shiftedaway from the MIL-STDs and other government standards and testprocedures that don''t cost-effectively address potential failuremechanisms or the manufacturing processes of the product. It hasshifted decisively towards tackling the root causes of failure andthe appropriate implementation of cost-effective process controls,qualityscreens, and tests. This book''s groundbreaking, science-based approach to developingqualification and quality assurance programs helps engineers reacha new level of reliability in today''s high-performancemicroelectronics. It does this with powerful... * Techniques for identifying and modeling failure mechanismsearlier in the design cycle, breaking the need to rely on fielddata * Physics-of-failure product reliability assessment methods thatcan be proTable of ContentsThree-Dimensional Stacked Dies. Cofired Ceramic Substrates. Organic Laminated Substrates and Chip-on-Board. High-Density Interconnects and Deposited Dielectrics. Wire and Wirebonds. Tape Automated Bonds. Flip-Chip Bonds. Device and Substrate Attachment. Cases. Leads. Lead Seals. Lid Seals. Material and Product Evaluation Methods. Rework Methods. Bibliography. Index.
£134.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Reliability Availability Maintainability and Safety Assessment Assessment Hardware Software and Human Factors
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£429.26
John Wiley & Sons Inc Electronic Component Reliability
Book SynopsisThis book includes an introduction to some important reliability concepts and a review of terminology. The work is divided into three sections: modelling, evaluation and assurance.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: FUNDAMENTALS. Reliability Physics and Failure Mechanisms. Statistical Distributions. MODELLING. The Load-Strength Concept. Intrinsic Reliability - The Generic Case. Extrinsic Reliability. EVALUATION. Lifetesting. Field Failure Data Analysis. Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment. ASSURANCE. Reliability Screening: Burn-in. Reliability Indicator Screening. Appendices. Index.
£215.06
Wiley Inelastic Analysis of Structures
Book SynopsisPlastic behaviour and plastic stress-strain relations of structural engineering materials, particularly steel, but also including concrete and soils, are covered here.Trade Review"...Overall the book is well written and the presentation of each subject is systematic and coherent..." (Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization)Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. PART I: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER UNIAXIAL STRESS-FUNDAMENTALS. Uniaxial Stress-Strain Relations. Plastic Bars and Yield Hinges. Incremental Analysis. Elementary Limit Analysis. Theorems of Limit Analysis. Methods of Limit Analysis. Linear Programming in Limit Analysis. Displacement at Incipient Collapse. PART II: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER UNIAXIAL STRESS-FURTHER TOPICS. Nonproportional and Cyclic Loads. Theorems of Shakedown Analysis. Methods of Shakedown Analysis. Optimum Design. Combined Plastic Bending and Compression or Tension. Plasticity Aspects of Reinforced Concrete. Part III: PLASTIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS. Simple Elastoplastic Constitutive Models. Theorems of Plastic Analysis in Multiaxial Case. Plastic Torsion and Shear. Limit Loads of Plates. Plane Problems. PART IV: ADVANCED TOPICS IN PLASTICITY. General Elastoplastic Constitutive Models. Plastic Material Models for Concrete and Soils. Numerical Methods in Plasticity. Thermodynamic Approach to Constitutive Modeling. Elastoplastic Constitutive Models for Large Strain. Crystal Plasticity and Microplane Constitutive Models. PART V: TIME-DEPENDENT INELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF METALS AND CONCRETE. Models for Localization of Softening and Size Effect. Viscoplasticity. Material Models for Concrete Creep and shrinkage. Creep and Shrinkage Effects in concrete Structures. Appendix A: Linear Elastic Trusses. Appendix B: Linear Elastic Beams and Frames. Appendix C: Linear Programming. Appendix D: Cartesian Tensors and Elasticity. Appendix E: Model B3 for Predicting Concrete Creep and Shrinkage. Appendix F: Softening Inelastic Hinges: Deviations from Plasticity and Size Effects. References. Author Index. Subject Index.
£176.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Modeling for Reliability Analysis
Book SynopsisMarkov modeling has long been accepted as a fundamental and powerful technique for the fault tolerance analysis of mission-critical applications. However, the elaborate computations required have often made Markov modeling too time-consuming to be of practical use on these complex systems. With this hands-on tool, designers can use the Markov modeling technique to analyze safety, reliability, maintainability, and cost-effectiveness factors in the full range of complex systems in use today. Featuring ground-breaking simulation software and a comprehensive reference manual, MARKOV MODELING FOR RELIABILITY ANALYSIS helps system designers surmount the mathematical computations that have previously prevented effective reliability analysis. The text and software compose a valuable self-study tool that is complete with detailed explanations, examples, and a library of Markov models that can be used for experiments and as derivations for new simulation models. The book details howTable of ContentsSeries Introduction. Preface. Introduction. System Requirements and Design. Foundations of Probability Theory. Basic Reliability Concepts. Basic Reliability Models. Markov Process Fundamentals. Hardware Reliability Modeling. Software Reliability Modeling. Combined Hardware-Software Reliability Modeling. Modeling of Large and Complex Systems. Maintainability Modeling. Availability Modeling. Safety Modeling. Markov Model Evaluation. Effectiveness Modeling. Support Analyses. Application Examples. Practical Design of Fault-Tolerant Systems. CARMS User's Guide. CARMS Model Library. CARMS Reference. Definitions and Acronyms. References. Index. About the Authors.
£142.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc Guidelines for Improving Plant Reliability
Book SynopsisWritten by reliability data experts, the book gives plant managers and supervisors the guidance they need to collect, and use with confidence, process equipment reliability data for risk-based decisions. Focusing on the process industries, it provides the protocol and techniques to collect and organize high quality plant performance, maintenance, and repair data from your own operations, and includes methods and examples on how the data can be converted into useful information for engineering, maintenance, safety, and loss prevention. This data can be used for: facility reliability/availability assessments; making decisions on the need for redundant systems; improving equipment designs; selecting the best equipment for specific tasks; estimating required work force; benchmarking current efforts both frequency and time; integrating predictive and preventive maintenance effort; integrating shutdowns with production needs; quantifying risks; and minimizing human reliability issues.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. Introduction. 1.1. Background. 1.2. Taxonomy. 1.3. Data Aggregation/Sharing. Chapter 2. Definitions. 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Discussion of Key Reliability Terms. 2.3. Glossary of Terms. Chapter 3. Method of Analysis. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Basic Concepts of Data Analysis. 3.2.1. Failure Data. 3.2.2. Need for Correct Failure Modes. 3.2.3. Types of Systems-Repairable or Nonrepairable. 3.2.4. Reliability versus Availability. 3.2.5. Types of Data-Censoring. 3.2.6. Definitions. 3.2.7. Dealing with Censored Data. 3.2.8. Common Cause Failures. 3.2.9. Predictive versus Descriptive Methods. 3.3. Data Manipulation Examples. 3.3.1. Methods of Analysis. 3.4. Cyclical Service. 3.5. Batch Service. 3.6. Standby Service. 3.7. Failures Following a Repair. 3.8. Selecting an Operating Mode. 3.9. Analysis Based on Statistical Inferences. 3.9.1. Modeling Reliability Parameters for the Population. 3.9.2. The Weibull Distribution. 3.9.3. Graphical Method for Estimating the Weibull Parameters. 3.9.4. The Exponential Distribution. 3.9.5. Confidence Limits for Reliability Parameters. References. Chapter 4. Example Applications. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Conducting a Reliability Analysis-Pump Example. 4.3. Right-Censoring. 4.4. MTTF by Numerical Integration. 4.5. Reliability Calculations for Repaired Items. 4.6. Calculation of MTTR by Numerical Integration. 4.7. Fitting a Weibull Distribution. 4.8. Combinations of Failure Distributions. 4.9. System Performance-Compressor Example. 4.10. Life-Cycle Costs-Compressor example (continued). 4.11. Maintenance Budgeting-Compressor Example (continued). 4.12. Throughput Targets-Compressor Example(continued). 4.13. Summary. References. Chapter 5. Data Structure. 5.1. Data Structure Overview. 5.2. General Taxonomy. 5.2.1. Taxonomy Levels 1-4 (Industry, Site, Plant, Process Units). 5.2.2. Taxonomy Levels 5-7 (System, Component, Part). 5.2.3. Treatment of Subordinate Systems in the CCPS Database. 5.3. Database Structure. 5.3.1. Inventory Tables. 5.3.2. Event Tables. 5.3.3. Failure Logic Data. Chapter 6. Quality Assurance of Data. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Basic Principles of Quality as Applied to Equipment Reliability Data. 6.3. Quality Management. 6.4. Quality Principles. 6.5. Verification of Data Quality. 6.5.1. Quality Plan for Database Administrator (DA). 6.5.2. Quality Plan for Data Subscribers. 6.5.3. Certification of Data Subscribers. 6.5.4. Internal Verification of Data Quality. 6.5.5. Verification of Data Prior to Acceptance. 6.5.6. Recertification of Data Contributors. 6.5.7. Appeal Process. 6.5.8. Audits of Work Process. Appendix I. Guidelines for Data Collection and Submission. I.1. Introduction. I.1.1. Data Types. I.1.2. Subscriber Data. I.1.3. Inventory Data. I.1.4. Event Data. I.1.5. Data Analysis. I.1.6. Database Limitations. I.1.7. Goals of the Equipment Reliability Process. I.1.8. Certification of a Subscriber. I.2. Data Definitions and Descriptions. I.2.1. Introduction. I.2.2. Inventory Descriptions and Data Sheets. I.2.3. Event Descriptions and Data Sheets. I.3. Data Flow. I.4. Internal Quality Assurance of Data. I.4.1. Data Input Organization. I.4.2. Quality Plan. I.4.3. deviation Reporting. I.5. Data Submission Procedure. I.5.1. User Software Requirements. I.5.2. Data Submission Protocol. I.5.3. Format of Data Submission. I.5.4. Availability of New Data. I.6. External Quality Assurance of Data. I.6.1. Field Verification. I.6.2. Spot Checks. I.6.3. Receipt and Logging. I.6.4. Validation. I.6.5. Procedures for Nonconformities. I.7. Data Contribution and Data Distribution. I.7.1. Data Contribution. I.7.2. Data Distribution. Appendix II. Sample Pick Lists for Data Fields. II.1. Pick Lists Related to Upper Level Taxonomy. II.2. Pick Lists Related to Plant Inventory and Events. II.3. Pick Lists Related to General Equipment Information. II.4. Pick Lists Related to Relief Devices. II.5. Tables Related to Compressors. II.6. Pick Lists Relate to Heat Exchangers. Appendix III. Procedure for Developing System-Level Taxonomies. III.1. Background and Theory. III.1.1. Objective. III.1.2. Overview of the Taxonomy Development Process. III.2. Procedure. III.2.1. Define the System. III.2.2. Analyze Functional Characteristics. III.2.3. Specify the Inventory Data. III.2.4. Specify the Event Data. References. Index.
£165.56
John Wiley & Sons Inc Mechanical Seal Practice for Improved Performance
Book SynopsisA revised edition of this guide on mechanical seal practice for improved performance. A PC disc is included in the package which covers material discussed in the section dealing with seal function and design. The disc facilitates the review of seal proposals.Table of ContentsPreface to First Edition. Preface to Second Edition. Editor's Comments. Part I. Mechanical Seal Design. Part II. Mechanical Seal Selection. Part III. Pump Considerations. Part IV. Verification of Seal Design. Part V. Practical Considerations in Using Mechanical Seals. Appendices. Index.
£117.85
John Wiley & Sons Inc Statistical Robust Design
Book SynopsisOffers practical examples that can guide product engineers through every stage of experimental design: formulating problems, planning experiments, and analysing data. This book discusses both physical and virtual techniques, and includes numerous exercises and solutions. It is suitable for teaching or self-study.Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 What is robust design? 1 1.1 The importance of small variation 1 1.2 Variance reduction 2 1.3 Variation propagation 4 1.4 Discussion 5 1.4.1 Limitations 6 1.4.2 The outline of this book 7 Exercises 8 2 DOE for robust design, part 1 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.1.1 Noise factors 11 2.1.2 Control factors 12 2.1.3 Control-by-noise interactions 12 2.2 Combined arrays: An example from the packaging industry 13 2.2.1 The experimental array 15 2.2.2 Factor effect plots 15 2.2.3 Analytical analysis and statistical significance 17 2.2.4 Some additional comments on the plotting 20 2.3 Dispersion effects 21 Exercises 23 Reference 25 3 Noise and control factors 27 3.1 Introduction to noise factors 27 3.1.1 Categories of noise 28 3.2 Finding the important noise factors 33 3.2.1 Relating noise to failure modes 33 3.2.2 Reducing the number of noise factors 34 3.3 How to include noise in a designed experiment 40 3.3.1 Compounding of noise factors 40 3.3.2 How to include noise in experimentation 45 3.3.3 Process parameters 48 3.4 Control factors 48 Exercises 49 References 51 4 Response, signal, and P diagrams 53 4.1 The idea of signal and response 53 4.1.1 Two situations 54 4.2 Ideal functions and P diagrams 55 4.2.1 Noise or signal factor 56 4.2.2 Control or signal factor 56 4.2.3 The scope 58 4.3 The signal 63 4.3.1 Including a signal in a designed experiment 64 Exercises 65 5 DOE for robust design, part 2 69 5.1 Combined and crossed arrays 69 5.1.1 Classical DOE versus DOE for robust design 69 5.1.2 The structure of inner and outer arrays 70 5.2 Including a signal in a designed experiment 74 5.2.1 Combined arrays with a signal 74 5.2.2 Inner and outer arrays with a signal 81 5.3 Crossed arrays versus combined arrays 89 5.3.1 Differences in factor aliasing 91 5.4 Crossed arrays and split-plot designs 94 5.4.1 Limits of randomization 94 5.4.2 Split-plot designs 95 Exercises 98 References 99 6 Smaller-the-better and larger-the-better 101 6.1 Different types of responses 101 6.2 Failure modes and smaller-the-better 102 6.2.1 Failure modes 102 6.2.2 STB with inner and outer arrays 103 6.2.3 STB with combined arrays 106 6.3 Larger-the-better 106 6.4 Operating window 108 6.4.1 The window width 110 Exercises 113 References 115 7 Regression for robust design 117 7.1 Graphical techniques 117 7.2 Analytical minimization of (g′(z))2 120 7.3 Regression and crossed arrays 121 7.3.1 Regression terms in the inner array 127 Exercises 128 8 Mathematics of robust design 131 8.1 Notational system 131 8.2 The objective function 132 8.2.1 Multidimensional problems 136 8.2.2 Optimization in the presence of a signal 138 8.2.3 Matrix formulation 139 8.2.4 Pareto optimality 141 8.3 ANOVA for robust design 144 8.3.1 Traditional ANOVA 144 8.3.2 Functional ANOVA 146 8.3.3 Sensitivity indices 149 Exercises 152 References 153 9 Design and analysis of computer experiments 155 9.1 Overview of computer experiments 156 9.1.1 Robust design 157 9.2 Experimental arrays for computer experiments 161 9.2.1 Screening designs 161 9.2.2 Space filling designs 163 9.2.3 Latin hypercubes 165 9.2.4 Latin hypercube designs and alphabetical optimality criteria 166 9.3 Response surfaces 167 9.3.1 Local least squares 168 9.3.2 Kriging 169 9.4 Optimization 171 9.4.1 The objective function 171 9.4.2 Analytical techniques or Monte Carlo 173 Exercises 175 References 176 10 Monte Carlo methods for robust design 177 10.1 Geometry variation 177 10.1.1 Electronic circuits 179 10.2 Geometry variation in two dimensions 179 10.3 Crossed arrays 192 11 Taguchi and his ideas on robust design 195 11.1 History and origin 195 11.2 The experimental arrays 197 11.2.1 The nature of inner arrays 197 11.2.2 Interactions and energy thinking 199 11.2.3 Crossing the arrays 200 11.3 Signal-to-noise ratios 200 11.4 Some other ideas 203 11.4.1 Randomization 203 11.4.2 Science versus engineering 204 11.4.3 Line fitting for dynamic models 204 11.4.4 An aspect on the noise 206 11.4.5 Dynamic models 207 Exercises 208 References 208 Appendix A Loss functions 209 A.1 Why Americans do not buy American television sets 209 A.2 Taguchi’s view on loss function 211 A.3 The average loss and its elements 211 A.4 Loss functions in robust design 214 Exercises 215 References 217 Appendix B Data for chapter 2 219 Appendix C Data for chapter 5 223 Appendix D Data for chapter 6 231 Index 233
£71.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Next Generation HALT and HASS
Book SynopsisNext Generation HALT and HASS presents a major paradigm shift from reliability prediction-based methods to discovery of electronic systems reliability risks.Table of ContentsSeries Editor’s Foreword xi Preface xiv List of Acronyms xvi Introduction 1 1 Basis and Limitations of Typical Current Reliability Methods and Metrics 5 1.1 The Life Cycle Bathtub Curve 7 1.1.1 Real Electronics Life Cycle Curves 9 1.2 HALT and HASS Approach 11 1.3 The Future of Electronics: Higher Density and Speed and Lower Power 13 1.3.1 There is a Drain in the Bathtub Curve 14 1.4 Use of MTBF as a Reliability Metric 16 1.5 MTBF: What is it Good For? 17 1.5.1 Introduction 17 1.5.2 Examples 18 1.5.3 Conclusion 24 1.5.4 Alternatives to MTBF for Specifying Reliability 25 1.6 Reliability of Systems is Complex 26 1.7 Reliability Testing 28 1.8 Traditional Reliability Development 33 Bibliography 34 2 The Need for Reliability Assurance Reference Metrics to Change 36 2.1 Wear‐Out and Technology Obsolescence of Electronics 36 2.2 Semiconductor Life Limiting Mechanisms 37 2.2.1 Overly Optimistic and Misleading Estimates 42 2.3 Lack of Root Cause Field Unreliability Data 43 2.4 Predicting Reliability 48 2.5 Reliability Predictions – Continued Reliance on a Misleading Approach 50 2.5.1 Introduction 51 2.5.2 Prediction History 52 2.5.3 Technical Limitations 53 2.5.4 Keeping Handbooks Up‐to‐Date 54 2.5.5 Technical Studies – Past and Present 59 2.5.6 Reliability Assessment 62 2.5.7 Efforts to Improve Tools and Their Limitations 63 2.6 Stress–Strength Diagram and Electronics Capability 63 2.7 Testing to Discover Reliability Risks 68 2.8 Stress–Strength Normal Assumption 69 2.8.1 Notation 70 2.8.2 Three Cases 71 2.8.3 Two Normal Distributions 73 2.8.4 Probability of Failure Calculation 73 2.9 A Major Challenge – Distributions Data 73 2.10 HALT Maximizes the Design’s Mean Strength 75 2.11 What Does the Term HALT Actually Mean? 78 Bibliography 83 3 Challenges to Advancing Electronics Reliability Engineering 86 3.1 Disclosure of Real Failure Data is Rare 86 3.2 Electronics Materials and Manufacturing Evolution 89 Bibliography 91 4 A New Deterministic Reliability Development Paradigm 92 4.1 Introduction 92 4.2 Understanding Customer Needs and Expectations 95 4.3 Anticipating Risks and Potential Failure Modes 98 4.4 Robust Design for Reliability 104 4.5 Diagnostic and Prognostic Considerations and Features 110 4.6 Knowledge Capture for Reuse 110 4.7 Accelerated Test to Failure to Find Empirical Design Limits 112 4.8 Design Confirmation Testing: Quantitative Accelerated Life Test 113 4.9 Limitations of Success Based Compliance Test 114 4.10 Production Validation Testing 115 4.11 Failure Analysis and Design Review Based on Test Results 116 Bibliography 120 5 Common Understanding of HALT Approach is Critical for Success 122 5.1 HALT – Now a Very Common Term 123 5.2 HALT – Change from Failure Prediction to Failure Discovery 124 5.2.1 Education on the HALT Paradigm 125 5.3 Serial Education of HALT May Increase Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt 130 5.3.1 While You Were Busy in the Lab 132 5.3.2 Product Launch Time – Too Late, But Now You May Get the Field Failure Data 132 6 The Fundamentals of HALT 134 6.1 Discovering System Stress Limits 134 6.2 HALT is a Simple Concept – Adaptation is the Challenge 135 6.3 Cost of Reliable vs Unreliable Design 136 6.4 HALT Stress Limits and Estimates of Failure Rates 137 6.4.1 What Level of Assembly Should HALT be Applied? 137 6.4.2 HALT of Supplier Subsystems 138 6.5 Defining Operational Limit and Destruct Limits 138 6.6 Efficient Cooling and Heating in HALT 139 6.6.1 Stress Monitoring Instrumentation 139 6.6.2 Single and Combined Stresses 140 6.7 Applying HALT 142 6.7.1 Order of HALT Stress Application 143 6.8 Thermal HALT Process 144 6.8.1 Disabling Thermal Overstress Protection Circuits 145 6.8.2 HALT Limit Comparisons 146 6.8.3 Cold Thermal HALT 148 6.8.4 Hot Thermal HALT 150 6.8.5 Post Thermal HALT 151 6.9 Random Vibration HALT 152 6.10 Product Configurations for HALT 155 6.10.1 Other Configuration Considerations for HALT 156 6.11 Lessons Learned from HALT 157 6.12 Failure Analysis after HALT 159 7 Highly Accelerated Stress Screening (HASS) and Audits (HASA) 161 7.1 The Use of Stress Screening on Electronics 161 7.2 ‘Infant Mortality’ Failures are Reliability Issues 163 7.2.1 HASS is a Production Insurance Process 164 7.3 Developing a HASS 167 7.3.1 Precipitation and Detection Screens 168 7.3.2 Stresses Applied in HASS 172 7.3.3 Verification of HASS Safety for Defect Free Products 173 7.3.4 Applying the SOS to Validate the HASS Process 174 7.3.5 HASS and Field Life 177 7.4 Unique Pneumatic Multi‐axis RS Vibration Characteristics 177 7.5 HALT and HASS Case History 179 7.5.1 Background 179 7.5.2 HALT 180 7.5.3 HASS (HASA) 181 7.5.4 Cost avoidance 183 Bibliography 184 7.6 Benefits of HALT and HASS with Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) 184 7.6.1 Stress Testing for Diagnosis and Prognosis 185 7.6.2 HALT, HASS and Relevance to PHM 186 Bibliography 189 8 HALT Benefits for Software/Firmware Performance and Reliability 190 8.1 Software – Hardware Interactions and Operational Reliability 190 8.1.1 Digital Signal Quality and Reliability 193 8.1.2 Temperature and Signal Propagation 194 8.1.3 Temperature Operational Limits and Destruct Limits in Digital Systems 197 8.2 Stimulation of Systematic Parametric Variations 198 8.2.1 Parametric Failures of ICs 199 8.2.2 Stimulation of Systematic Parametric Variations 201 Bibliography 205 9 Design Confirmation Test: Quantitative Accelerated Life Test (ALT) 207 9.1 Introduction to Accelerated Life Test 207 9.2 Accelerated Degradation Testing 211 9.3 Accelerated Life Test Planning 212 9.4 Pitfalls of Accelerated Life Testing 215 9.5 Analysis Considerations 216 Bibliography 217 10 Failure Analysis and Corrective Action 218 10.1 Failure Analysis and Knowledge Capture 218 10.2 Review of Test Results and Failure Analysis 220 10.3 Capture Test and Failure Analysis Results for Access on Follow‐on Projects 221 10.4 Analyzing Production and Field Return Failures 222 Bibliography 222 11 Additional Applications of HALT Methods 223 11.1 Future of Reliability Engineering and HALT Methodology 223 11.2 Winning the Hearts and Minds of the HALT Skeptics 225 11.2.1 Analysis of Field Failures 225 11.3 Test of No Fault Found Units 226 11.4 HALT for Reliable Supplier Selection 226 11.5 Comparisons of Stress Limits for Reliability Assessments 228 11.6 Multiple Stress Limit Boundary Maps 230 11.7 Robustness Indicator Figures 235 11.8 Focusing on Deterministic Weakness Discovery Will Lead to New Tools 235 11.9 Application of Limit Tests, AST and HALT Methodology to Products Other Than Electronics 236 Bibliography 238 Appendix: HALT and Reliability Case Histories 239 A.1 HALT Program at Space Systems Loral 240 A.2 Software Fault Isolation Using HALT and HASS 243 A.3 Watlow HALT and HASS Application 253 A.4 HALT and HASS Application in Electric Motor Control Electronics 256 A.5 A HALT to HASS Case Study – Power Conversion Systems 261 Index 268
£73.76
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Reliability in Biomechanics
Book SynopsisIn this book, the authors present in detail several recent methodologies and algorithms that we have developed during the last fifteen years. The deterministic methods account for uncertainties through empirical safety factors, which implies that the actual uncertainties in materials, geometry and loading are not truly considered. This problem becomes much more complicated when considering biomechanical applications where a number of uncertainties are encountered in the design of prosthesis systems. This book implements improved numerical strategies and algorithms that can be applied only in biomechanical studies.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi Chapter 1. Basic Tools for Reliability Analysis 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Advantages of numerical simulation and optimization 2 1.3. Numerical simulation by finite elements 3 1.3.1. Use 3 1.3.2. Principle 4 1.3.3. General approach 5 1.4. Optimization process 6 1.4.1. Basic concepts 7 1.4.2. Problem classification 10 1.4.3. Optimization methods 22 1.4.4. Unconstrained methods 23 1.4.5. Constrained methods 43 1.5. Sensitivity analysis 56 1.5.1. Importance of sensitivity 56 1.5.2. Sensitivity methods 57 1.6. Conclusion 61 Chapter 2. Reliability Concept 63 2.1. Introduction 63 2.1.1. Preamble 63 2.1.2. Reliability history 63 2.1.3. Reliability definition 65 2.1.4. Importance of reliability 66 2.2. Basic functions and concepts for reliability analysis 66 2.2.1. Failure concept 67 2.2.2. Uncertainty concept 67 2.2.3. Random variables 68 2.2.4. Probability density function 69 2.2.5. Cumulative distribution function 69 2.2.6. Reliability function 70 2.3. System reliability 71 2.3.1. Series conjunction 71 2.3.2. Parallel conjunction 72 2.3.3. Mixed conjunction 73 2.3.4. Delta-star conjunction 74 2.4. Statistical measures 77 2.5. Probability distributions 81 2.5.1. Uniform distribution 82 2.5.2. Normal distribution 86 2.5.3. Lognormal distribution 91 2.6. Reliability analysis 97 2.6.1. Definitions 97 2.6.2. Algorithms 105 2.6.3. Reliability analysis methods 106 2.6.4. Optimality criteria 110 2.7. Conclusion 112 Chapter 3. Integration of Reliability Concept into Biomechanics 113 3.1. Introduction 113 3.2. Origin and categories of uncertainties 115 3.3. Uncertainties in biomechanics 116 3.3.1. Uncertainty in loading 117 3.3.2. Uncertainty in geometry 118 3.3.3. Uncertainty in materials 118 3.4. Bone-related uncertainty 119 3.4.1. Bone behavior law 120 3.4.2. Contribution to the characterization of the bone’s mechanical properties 125 3.5. Bone developments and formulations 126 3.5.1. Current formulation 126 3.5.2. Generalized formulation 127 3.5.3. Optimized formulation 128 3.5.4. Extension to orthotropic behavior formulation 130 3.6. Characterization by experimentation of the bone’s mechanical properties 133 3.6.1. Characterization by bending test 134 3.6.2. Characterization by compression test 135 3.7. Conclusion 136 Chapter 4. Reliability Analysis of Orthopedic Prostheses 137 4.1. Introduction to orthopedic prostheses 137 4.1.1. History of prostheses 139 4.1.2. Evolution of prostheses 139 4.1.3. Examples of orthopedic prostheses 140 4.2. Reliability analysis of the intervertebral disk 140 4.2.1. Functional anatomy 140 4.2.2. The lumbar functional spinal unit 141 4.2.3. Intervertebral disk prosthesis 145 4.2.4. Numerical application on the intervertebral disk 147 4.3. Reliability analysis of the hip prosthesis 154 4.3.1. Anatomy 154 4.3.2. Presentation of the total hip prosthesis 158 4.3.3. Numerical application of the hip prosthesis 161 4.3.4. Boundary conditions 164 4.3.5. Direct simulation 164 4.3.6. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis 166 4.3.7. Integration of reliability analysis 167 4.4. Conclusion 173 Chapter 5. Reliability Analysis of Orthodontic Prostheses 175 5.1. Introduction to orthodontic prostheses 175 5.2. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint 176 5.2.1. Articular bone regions and meniscus 177 5.2.2. Ligaments 179 5.2.3. Myology, elevator muscles and depressor muscles 179 5.3. Numerical simulation of a non-fractured mandible 183 5.3.1. Description of the studied mandible 183 5.3.2. Numerical results 185 5.4. Reliability analysis of the fixation system of the fractured mandible 188 5.4.1. Description of a fractured mandible 188 5.4.2. Fixation strategy using mini-plates 189 5.4.3. Study of a homogeneous and isotropic structure 190 5.4.4. Study of a composite and orthotropic structure 198 5.4.5. Result discussion 207 5.5. Conclusion 208 Appendices 209 Appendix 1: Matrix Calculation 211 Appendix 2: ANSYS Code for the Disk Implant 217 Appendix 3: ANSYS Code for the Stem Implant 221 Appendix 4: Probability of Failure/Reliability Index 235 Bibliography 237 Index 245
£125.06
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Reliability of Maintained Systems Subjected to
Book SynopsisToday, the reliability of systems has become a major issue in most industrial applications. The theoretical approach to estimating reliability was largely developed in the 1960s for maintenance-free systems, and more recently, in the late 1990s, it was developed for maintenance-based systems. Customers’ expectations concerning reliability (as well as maintenance, safety, etc.) are growing ever more demanding over the generations of systems. However, the theoretical methods used to handle the systems are not suitable when aging mechanisms are present. This book proposes a theoretical approach to estimate all of these quantities correctly. In addition to the theoretical aspect, it details a number of issues that any industrial system will meet sooner or later, whether due to design flaws, the batch of components, manufacturing problems or new technologies that result in the aging of mechanisms during their operational use. Table of ContentsForeword by Christian Moreau. Foreword by Claude Sarno. 1. Reliability of Systems Without Maintenance. 2. Reliability of Systems with Maintenance. 3. Application to Aging Mechanisms with Maintenance. 4. Impact at the Reliability Level. 5. Application to Maintenance. 6. Application to Safety. 7. Maintenance Strategy in Operational Safety.
£125.06
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Degradation Processes in Reliability
Book Synopsis"Degradation process" refers to many types of reliability models, which correspond to various kinds of stochastic processes used for deterioration modeling. This book focuses on the case of a univariate degradation model with a continuous set of possible outcomes. The envisioned univariate models have one single measurable quantity which is assumed to be observed over time. The first three chapters are each devoted to one degradation model. The last chapter illustrates the use of the previously described degradation models on some real data sets. For each of the degradation models, the authors provide probabilistic results and explore simulation tools for sample paths generation. Various estimation procedures are also developed.Trade Review"The main focus of the book is on parametric models. In such a case likelihood maximization is recommended as the main estimation method. The form of the likelihood function is always rigorously derived and the procedure of its maximization is discussed. If the covariance matrix of ML estimates is sufficiently simple, it is also presented. For some models, estimation by the method of moments is described; the corresponding equations are then also rigorously derived. The book also contains very detailed descriptions of various methods for simulation of considered degradation processes." (Mathematical Reviews/MathSciNet April 2017)Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Wiener Processes 2. Gamma Processes 3. Doubly Stochastic Marked Poisson Processes 4. Model Selection and Application to Real Data Sets
£125.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Reliability and Risk Assessment
Book SynopsisRisk assessment and risk analysis are now firmly fixed in the engineer’s lexicon. Every engineering project, contract, piece of equipment and design requires this discipline by law. Reliability is the other key element in the mix for smooth running engineering projects and operations. In the modern industrial era, economic factors have resulted in the construction and operation of larger and more complex process plant. Accidents at these types of plants have led to notorious incidents such as Flixborough, Bhopal, Chernobyl, and Piper Alpha. Engineers are working to maximize the benefits of modern processing technology while reducing the safety risks to acceptable levels. However, each processing plant has unique problems and each must be individually assessed to identify, evaluate, and control associated hazards. The first edition of Reliability and Risk Assessment was ahead of its time. The world has caught up with Andrews and Moss and this fully revised second edition takes the analysis further and brings a more practical slant with greater and extensive use of case studies. Reliability and Risk Assessment is for professional engineers but will also prove invaluable for postgraduate students involved in reliability and risk assessment research. KEY FEATURES: Rigourous mathmatical descriptions of the most important techniques, particularly fault tree analysis and Markov methods. Practical examples of the application of these techniques to real-life problems. Self-contained chapters detail methods of reliability and risk assessment. Worked examples clarify the text and highlight salient points. Three new detailed case studies include: FMECA for a gas turbine system; in-service inspection of structural components, and a business interruption risk analysis. Table of ContentsAn introduction to reliability and risk assessment; reliability mathematics; qualitative methods; failure mode and effects criticality analysis; quantification of component failure probabilities; reliability networks; qualitative fault tree analysis; common cause failures; maintainability; Markov analysis; simulation; reliability data collection and analysis; risk assessment; in-service inspection of structural components. (Part contents).
£122.35
De Gruyter Compressor Technology Advances: Beyond 2020
Book Synopsis
£161.10
Cambridge University Press Quality and Reliability in Engineering
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£74.99
Cambridge University Press Probabilistic Risk Analysis Foundations and Methods
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£88.99
Springer Inelastic Behaviour of Structures under Variable Loads 36 Solid Mechanics and Its Applications
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£170.99
Cambridge University Press Reliability and Availability Engineering Modeling Analysis and Applications
Book SynopsisDo you need to know what technique to use to evaluate the reliability of an engineered system? This self-contained guide provides comprehensive coverage of all the analytical and modeling techniques currently in use, from classical non-state and state space approaches, to newer and more advanced methods such as binary decision diagrams, dynamic fault trees, Bayesian belief networks, stochastic Petri nets, non-homogeneous Markov chains, semi-Markov processes, and phase type expansions. Readers will quickly understand the relative pros and cons of each technique, as well as how to combine different models together to address complex, real-world modeling scenarios. Numerous examples, case studies and problems provided throughout help readers put knowledge into practice, and a solutions manual and Powerpoint slides for instructors accompany the book online. This is the ideal self-study guide for students, researchers and practitioners in engineering and computer science.Trade Review'This book should be on the desk of any university teacher, any engineer and anybody studying the dependability of complex computing systems or communication networks. It is about 700 pages and is quite complete since it covers all the aspects of the dependability evaluation of such systems … There are not only numerous examples and problems but a part of the book is dedicated to case studies providing the modeling of several real-life systems. Moreover all the chapters contain a quite interesting section for further reading. It is, to the best of my knowledge, the only book dealing so thoroughly and in detail with this wide subject.' Bruno Sericola, Reliability Engineering and System Safety'The authors have produced an impressive volume, which consists of all existing methods of reliability and availability modeling with complete mathematical details and relevant algorithms. As one would expect from these authors, all mathematical concepts are illustrated using numerous examples and some examples are continued through multiple chapters to show the application of different techniques on the same basic example. Many (unsolved) problems are provided to allow readers to practice on their own … It can be used as a textbook for a course on reliability and as a reference book for researchers and practicing engineers.' Veena Mendiratta, INFORMS'This is a very thorough and worthwhile book that can assist engineers and researchers to assess system reliability and availability and can serve as a valuable resource to educators in the field.' Ilias Iliadis, Statistics in Society Series A'… Reliability and Availability Engineering is an excellent book that puts all the aspects of the dependability engineering, particularly, theoretical models, analysis methods, and practical applications, in one place. It is bound to become an indispensable guide and reference for a broad range of students, researchers, and practicing engineers interested in scientific studies and the practice of dependability engineering.' Xiwei Qiu and Yuanshun Dai, International Journal of Performability EngineeringTable of ContentsPart I. Introduction: 1. Introduction; 2. Dependability evaluation; 3. Dependability metrics defined on a single unit; Part II. Non-State-Space Models (Combinatorial Models): 4. Reliability block diagram; 5. Network reliability; 6. Fault tree analysis; 7. State enumeration; 8. Dynamic redundancy; Part III. State-Space Models with Exponential Distributions: 9. Continuous time Markov chain: availability models; 10. Continuous time Markov chain: reliability models; 11. Continuous time Markov chain: queueing systems; 12. Petri nets; Part IV. State-Space Models with Non-Exponential Distributions: 13. Non-homogeneous CTMC; 14. Semi-Markov and Markov regenerative models; 15. Phase type expansion; Part V. Multi-Level Models; 16. Hierarchical models; 17. Fixed-point iteration; Part VI. Case Studies: 18. Case studies.
£79.99
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Uncertainty in Engineering: Introduction to Methods and Applications
Book SynopsisThis open access book provides an introduction to uncertainty quantification in engineering. Starting with preliminaries on Bayesian statistics and Monte Carlo methods, followed by material on imprecise probabilities, it then focuses on reliability theory and simulation methods for complex systems. The final two chapters discuss various aspects of aerospace engineering, considering stochastic model updating from an imprecise Bayesian perspective, and uncertainty quantification for aerospace flight modelling. Written by experts in the subject, and based on lectures given at the Second Training School of the European Research and Training Network UTOPIAE (Uncertainty Treatment and Optimization in Aerospace Engineering), which took place at Durham University (United Kingdom) from 2 to 6 July 2018, the book offers an essential resource for students as well as scientists and practitioners.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Bayesian statistical inference.- Sampling from complex probability distributions: a Monte Carlo primer for engineers.- Introduction to the theory of imprecise probability.- Imprecise discrete-time Markov chains.- Statistics with imprecise probabilities – a short survey.- Reliability.- Simulation methods for the analysis of complex systems.- Overview of stochastic model updating in aerospace application under uncertainty treatment.- Aerospace flight modeling and experimental testing.
£21.53
De Gruyter Data-Centric Structural Health Monitoring: Mechanical, Aerospace and Complex Infrastructure Systems
Book SynopsisThis book introduces the latest developments in data-centric engineering, including different artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches, as well as their wide range of applications for long-term monitoring and health assessment of mechanical, aerospace and complex infrastructure systems. Leading scholars in the field demonstrate these emerging techniques assure the longevity of engineered systems and predict their life cycles.
£133.00
De Gruyter Process Control in Practice
Book SynopsisThis book covers the most important topics that people working as process control engineers and plant operators will encounter. It focuses on PID control, explains when to use P-, PI-, PD- or PID control as well as PID tuning and includes difficult to control process nonlinearities such as valve stiction or sensor problems. The book also explains advanced control strategies that are necessary when single loop control gives insufficient results. The key features of the text in front of you are: This book is a result of teaching the material to industrial practitioners over three decades and four previous editions in Swedish, each of which was a refi nement of the previous one. A key contribution of this book is the careful selection of what is required when you are at a plant and have to make sense of what you see. The book is written in such a way that it does not assume mathematical knowledge above the compulsory school level. Process control sits between control engineering and process or chemical engineering and often there is a distinct gap between the two. By explaining both the fundamentals of control and the processes the book is written to appeal to control engineers and process engineers alike. The book includes exercises and solutions and thus lends itself for teaching in the classroom.
£38.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc Thermodynamic Degradation Science
Book SynopsisThermodynamic degradation science is a new and exciting discipline. This book merges the science of physics of failure with thermodynamics and shows how degradation modeling is improved and enhanced when using thermodynamic principles. The author also goes beyond the traditional physics of failure methods and highlights the importance of having new tools such as Mesoscopic noise degradation measurements for prognostics of complex systems, and a conjugate work approach to solving physics of failure problems with accelerated testing applications. Key features: Demonstrates how the thermodynamics energy approach uncovers key degradation models and their application to accelerated testing. Demonstrates how thermodynamic degradation models accounts for cumulative stress environments, effect statistical reliability distributions, and are key for reliability test planning. Provides coverage of the four types of Physics of Failure Table of ContentsList of Figures xiii List of Tables xvi About the Author xvii Preface xviii 1 Equilibrium Thermodynamic Degradation Science 1 1.1 Introduction to a New Science 1 1.2 Categorizing Physics of Failure Mechanisms 2 1.3 Entropy Damage Concept 3 1.3.1 The System (Device) and its Environment 4 1.3.2 Irreversible Thermodynamic Processes Cause Damage 5 1.4 Thermodynamic Work 6 1.5 Thermodynamic State Variables and their Characteristics 7 1.6 Thermodynamic Second Law in Terms of System Entropy Damage 9 1.6.1 Thermodynamic Entropy Damage Axiom 11 1.6.2 Entropy and Free Energy 13 1.7 Work, Resistance, Generated Entropy, and the Second Law 14 1.8 Thermodynamic Catastrophic and Parametric Failure 16 1.8.1 Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Aging States in Terms of the Free Energy or Entropy Change 16 1.9 Repair Entropy 17 1.9.1 Example 1.1: Repair Entropy: Relating Non-Damage Entropy Flow to Entropy Damage 17 Summary 18 References 22 2 Applications of Equilibrium Thermodynamic Degradation to Complex and Simple Systems: Entropy Damage, Vibration, Temperature, Noise Analysis, and Thermodynamic Potentials 23 2.1 Cumulative Entropy Damage Approach in Physics of Failure 23 2.1.1 Example 2.1: Miner’s Rule Derivation 25 2.1.2 Example 2.2: Miner’s Rule Example 26 2.1.3 Non-Cyclic Applications of Cumulative Damage 27 2.2 Measuring Entropy Damage Processes 27 2.3 Intermediate Thermodynamic Aging States and Sampling 29 2.4 Measures for System-Level Entropy Damage 29 2.4.1 Measuring System Entropy Damage with Temperature 29 2.4.2 Example 2.3: Resistor Aging 30 2.4.3 Example 2.4: Complex Resistor Bank 31 2.4.4 System Entropy Damage with Temperature Observations 32 2.4.5 Example 2.5: Temperature Aging of an Operating System 32 2.4.6 Comment on High-Temperature Aging for Operating and Non-Operating Systems 32 2.5 Measuring Randomness due to System Entropy Damage with Mesoscopic Noise Analysis in an Operating System 33 2.5.1 Example 2.6: Gaussian Noise Vibration Damage 35 2.5.2 Example 2.7: System Vibration Damage Observed with Noise Analysis 36 2.6 How System Entropy Damage Leads to Random Processes 37 2.6.1 Stationary versus Non-Stationary Entropy Process 40 2.7 Example 2.8: Human Heart Rate Noise Degradation 41 2.8 Entropy Damage Noise Assessment Using Autocorrelation and the Power Spectral Density 42 2.8.1 Noise Measurements Rules of Thumb for the PSD and R 43 2.8.2 Literature Review of Traditional Noise Measurement 44 2.8.3 Literature Review for Resistor Noise 48 2.9 Noise Detection Measurement System 48 2.9.1 System Noise Temperature 49 2.9.2 Environmental Noise Due to Pollution 50 2.9.3 Measuring System Entropy Damage using Failure Rate 50 2.10 Entropy Maximize Principle: Combined First and Second Law 51 2.10.1 Example 2.9: Thermal Equilibrium 52 2.10.2 Example 2.10: Equilibrium with Charge Exchange 53 2.10.3 Example 2.11: Diffusion Equilibrium 55 2.10.4 Example 2.12: Available Work 55 2.11 Thermodynamic Potentials and Energy States 57 2.11.1 The Helmholtz Free Energy 58 2.11.2 The Enthalpy Energy State 60 2.11.3 The Gibbs Free Energy 60 2.11.4 Summary of Common Thermodynamic State Energies 62 2.11.5 Example 2.13: Work, Entropy Damage, and Free Energy Change 62 2.11.6 Example 2.14: System in Contact with a Reservoir 65 Summary 68 References 76 3 NE Thermodynamic Degradation Science Assessment Using the Work Concept 77 3.1 Equilibrium versus Non-Equilibrium Aging Approach 77 3.1.1 Conjugate Work and Free Energy Approach to Understanding Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Degradation 78 3.2 Application to Cyclic Work and Cumulative Damage 79 3.3 Cyclic Work Process, Heat Engines, and the Carnot Cycle 81 3.4 Example 3.1: Cyclic Engine Damage Quantified Using Efficiency 84 3.5 The Thermodynamic Damage Ratio Method for Tracking Degradation 86 3.6 Acceleration Factors from the Damage Ratio Principle 87 Summary 89 References 92 4 Applications of NE Thermodynamic Degradation Science to Mechanical Systems: Accelerated Test and CAST Equations, Miner’s Rule, and FDS 93 4.1 Thermodynamic Work Approach to Physics of Failure Problems 93 4.2 Example 4.1: Miner’s Rule 93 4.2.1 Acceleration Factor Modification of Miner’s Damage Rule 95 4.3 Assessing Thermodynamic Damage in Mechanical Systems 96 4.3.1 Example 4.2: Creep Cumulative Damage and Acceleration Factors 96 4.3.2 Example 4.3: Wear Cumulative Damage and Acceleration Factors 99 4.3.3 Example 4.4: Thermal Cycle Fatigue and Acceleration Factors 101 4.3.4 Example 4.5: Mechanical Cycle Vibration Fatigue and Acceleration Factors 102 4.3.5 Example 4.6: Cycles to Failure under a Resonance Condition: Q Effect 105 4.4 Cumulative Damage Accelerated Stress Test Goal: Environmental Profiling and Cumulative Accelerated Stress Test (CAST) Equations 107 4.5 Fatigue Damage Spectrum Analysis for Vibration Accelerated Testing 108 4.5.1 Fatigue Damage Spectrum for Sine Vibration Accelerated Testing 109 4.5.2 Fatigue Damage Spectrum for Random Vibration Accelerated Testing 110 Summary 111 References 117 5 Corrosion Applications in NE Thermodynamic Degradation 118 5.1 Corrosion Damage in Electrochemistry 118 5.1.1 Example 5.1: Miner’s Rule for Secondary Batteries 119 5.2 Example 5.2: Chemical Corrosion Processes 121 5.2.1 Example 5.3: Numerical Example of Linear Corrosion 123 5.2.2 Example 5.4: Corrosion Rate Comparison of Different Metals 124 5.2.3 Thermal Arrhenius Activation and Peukert’s Law 124 5.3 Corrosion Current in Primary Batteries 126 5.3.1 Equilibrium Thermodynamic Condition: Nernst Equation 127 5.4 Corrosion Rate in Microelectronics 128 5.4.1 Corrosion and Chemical Rate Processes Due to Temperature 129 Summary 130 References 133 6 Thermal Activation Free Energy Approach 134 6.1 Free Energy Roller Coaster 134 6.2 Thermally Activated Time-Dependent (TAT) Degradation Model 135 6.2.1 Arrhenius Aging Due to Small Parametric Change 136 6.3 Free Energy Use in Parametric Degradation and the Partition Function 138 6.4 Parametric Aging at End of Life Due to the Arrhenius Mechanism: Large Parametric Change 140 Summary 141 References 143 7 TAT Model Applications: Wear, Creep, and Transistor Aging 144 7.1 Solving Physics of Failure Problems with the TAT Model 144 7.2 Example 7.1: Activation Wear 144 7.3 Example 7.2: Activation Creep Model 146 7.4 Transistor Aging 148 7.4.1 Bipolar Transistor Beta Aging Mechanism 148 7.4.2 Capacitor Leakage Model for Base Leakage Current 149 7.4.3 Thermally Activated Time-Dependent Model for Transistors and Dielectric Leakage 150 7.4.4 Field-Effect Transistor Parameter Degradation 152 Summary 154 References 156 8 Diffusion 157 8.1 The Diffusion Process 157 8.2 Example 8.1: Describing Diffusion Using Equilibrium Thermodynamics 157 8.3 Describing Diffusion Using Probability 159 8.4 Diffusion Acceleration Factor with and without Temperature Dependence 161 8.5 Diffusion Entropy Damage 161 8.5.1 Example 8.2: Package Moisture Diffusion 162 8.6 General Form of the Diffusion Equation 163 Summary 164 Reference 166 9 How Aging Laws Influence Parametric and Catastrophic Reliability Distributions 167 9.1 Physics of Failure Influence on Reliability Distributions 167 9.2 Log Time Aging (or Power Aging Laws) and the Lognormal Distribution 168 9.3 Aging Power Laws and the Weibull Distribution: Influence on Beta 171 9.4 Stress and Life Distributions 175 9.4.1 Example 9.1: Cumulative Distribution Function as a Function of Stress 176 9.5 Time- (or Stress-) Dependent Standard Deviation 177 Summary 178 References 180 10 The Theory of Organization: Final Thoughts 181 Special Topics A: Key Reliability Statistics 183 A.1 Introduction 183 A.1.1 Reliability and Accelerated Testing Software to Aid the Reader 183 A.2 The Key Reliability Functions 184 A.3 More Information on the Failure Rate 186 A.4 The Bathtub Curve and Reliability Distributions 187 A.4.1 Exponential Distribution 188 A.4.2 Weibull Distribution 190 A.4.3 Normal (Gaussian) Distribution 191 A.4.4 The Lognormal Reliability Function 194 A.5 Confidence Interval for Normal Parametric Analysis 195 A.5.1 Example A.4: Power Amplifier Confidence Interval 196 A.6 Central Limit Theorem and Cpk Analysis 197 A.6.1 Cpk Analysis 197 A.6.2 Example A.5: Cpk and Yield for the Power Amplifiers 197 A.7 Catastrophic Analysis 199 A.7.1 Censored Data 199 A.7.2 Example A.6: Weibull and Lognormal Analysis of Semiconductors 199 A.7.3 Example A.7: Mixed Modal Analysis Inflection Point Method 201 A.8 Reliability Objectives and Confidence Testing 203 A.8.1 Chi-Squared Confidence Test Planning for Few Failures: The Exponential Case 204 A.8.2 Example A.8: Chi-Squared Accelerated Test Plan 205 A.9 Comprehensive Accelerated Test Planning 205 References 206 Special Topics B: Applications to Accelerated Testing 207 B.1 Introduction 207 B.1.1 Reliability and Accelerated Testing Software to Aid the Reader 208 B.1.2 Using the Arrhenius Acceleration Model for Temperature 209 B.1.3 Example B.2: Estimating the Activation Energy 211 B.1.4 Example B.3: Estimating Mean Time to Failure from Life Test 212 B.2 Power Law Acceleration Factors 212 B.2.1 Example B.4: Generalized Power Law Acceleration Factors 214 B.3 Temperature–Humidity Life Test Model 214 B.3.1 Temperature–Humidity Bias and Local Relative Humidity 215 B.4 Temperature Cycle Testing 216 B.4.1 Example B.6: Using the Temperature Cycle Model 217 B.5 Vibration Acceleration 217 B.5.1 Example B.7: Accelerated Testing Using Sine and Random Vibration 220 B.6 Multiple-Stress Accelerated Test Plans for Demonstrating Reliability 220 B.6.1 Example B.8: Designing Multi-Accelerated Tests Plans: Failure-Free 221 B.7 Cumulative Accelerated Stress Test (CAST) Goals and Equations Usage in Environmental Profiling 222 B.7.1 Example B.9: Cumulative Accelerated Stress Test (CAST) Goals and Equation in Environmental Profiling 222 References 223 Special Topics C: Negative Entropy and the Perfect Human Engine 224 C.1 Spontaneous Negative Entropy: Growth and Repair 224 C.2 The Perfect Human Engine: How to Live Longer 225 C.2.1 Differences and Similarities of the Human Engine to Other Systems 226 C.2.2 Knowledge of Cyclic Work to Improve Our Chances of a Longer Life 226 C.2.3 Example C.1: Exercise and the Human Heart Life Cycle 228 C.3 Growth and Self-Repair Part of the Human Engine 229 C.3.1 Example C.2: Work for Human Repair 230 C.4 Act of Spontaneous Negative Entropy 231 C.4.1 Repair Aging Rate: An RC Electrical Model 232 References 233 Overview of New Terms, Equations, and Concepts 234 Index 236
£73.76
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Reliability of Engineering Systems and
Book SynopsisThis book is based on a lecture course to students specializing in the safety of technological processes and production. The author focuses on three main problems in technological risks and safety: elements of reliability theory, the basic notions, models and methods of general risk theory and some aspects of insurance in the context of risk management. Although the material in this book is aimed at those working towards a bachelor's degree in engineering, it may also be of interest to postgraduate students and specialists dealing with problems related to reliability and risks.Trade Review"Although the material in this book is aimed at those working towards a bachelor's degree in engineering, it may also be of interest to postgraduate students and specialists dealing with problems related to reliability and risks." (Zentralballt MATH, 2016)Table of ContentsPreface ix Notations and Abbreviations xi Chapter 1. Reliability of Engineering Systems 1 1.1. Basic notions and characteristics of reliability 1 1.1.1. Basic notions 1 1.1.2. Reliability of non-renewable units 3 1.1.3. Some parametric families of continuous distributions of non-negative random variables 7 1.1.4. Examples 21 1.1.5. Exercises 23 1.2. Reliability of renewable systems 24 1.2.1. Reliability of instantaneously renewable articles 24 1.2.2. Renewal function 30 1.2.3. Age and residual lifetime of an article 34 1.2.4. Reliability characteristics with regard to replacement time 37 1.2.5. Examples 38 1.2.6. Exercises 43 1.3. Statistical analysis of reliability characteristics 44 1.3.1. Introductory notes 44 1.3.2. Observations and the plans of reliability trials 45 1.3.3. Statistical analysis of reliability characteristics for trials under the basic plan 46 1.3.4. Statistical estimation of the reliability characteristics and indexes for trials with renewable units 50 1.3.5. Examples 52 1.3.6. Exercises 54 1.4. Structural reliability 54 1.4.1. System structure function 55 1.4.2. Monotone structures 57 1.4.3. Reliability of monotone systems from independent elements 61 1.4.4. Reliability function for monotone structures 63 1.4.5. Exercises 64 1.5. System life tree and its structure function 68 1.5.1. Event tree 68 1.5.2. An object structure scheme 69 1.5.3. An example: the auto engine structure scheme 71 1.5.4. Life tree and the system structure function 72 1.5.5. Calculation of the system reliability 76 1.5.6. System reliability function calculation 79 1.6. Non-renewable redundant systems 82 1.6.1. Basic redundancy means – terms 82 1.6.2. Hot redundancy 84 1.6.3. Cold redundancy 85 1.6.4. Markov process for system reliability investigations 86 1.6.5. Reliability properties of redundant systems 90 1.6.6. A unit warranty operating time calculation 95 1.6.7. Exercises 96 1.7. Renewable redundant systems 97 1.7.1. The model 97 1.7.2. Equations for probabilities of the system states 99 1.7.3. Steady state probabilities: system failure probability 100 1.7.4. Reliability function for renewable systems 101 1.7.5. Exercises 105 1.8. Bibliographical comments 108 1.8.1. Section 1.1 108 1.8.2. Section 1.2 108 1.8.3. Section 1.3 108 1.8.4. Section 1.4 108 1.8.5. Section 1.5 109 1.8.6. Sections 1.6 and 1.7 109 Chapter 2. Reliability and Risk 111 2.1. Risk: notion and measurement 111 2.1.1. Introductory notes 111 2.1.2. Examples 112 2.1.3. Risk notion 114 2.1.4. Risk measurement 115 2.1.5. Risk modeling 118 2.1.6. Exercises 120 2.2. Models of damage value 120 2.2.1. Introductory remarks 120 2.2.2. Simple damage models 121 2.2.3. Compound damages. Methods of investigation 125 2.2.4. Moments of compound damages 130 2.2.5. Models of compound damages 132 2.2.6. Examples 136 2.2.7. Exercises 137 2.3. Methods of risk analysis 137 2.3.1. Introductory remarks 137 2.3.2. Methodology of risk analysis 138 2.3.3. Risk tree construction 139 2.3.4. Risk tree rigging 143 2.3.5. Risk tree analysis 144 2.3.6. Exercise 157 2.4. Bibliographical comments 158 2.4.1. Section 2.1 158 2.4.2. Section 2.2 158 2.4.3. Section 2.3 158 Chapter 3. Risk Management 159 3.1. Insurance of risks and risk of insurance 159 3.1.1. Introductory remarks 159 3.1.2. Basic notions 159 3.1.3. Risk insurance models 161 3.1.4. Basic risk insurance problems 162 3.1.5. Examples 163 3.1.6. Exercises 167 3.2. Some notions and methods of financial mathematics 168 3.2.1. Principal notion of financial mathematics 168 3.2.2. Simple interests 170 3.2.3. Compound interests 172 3.2.4. Cash flows and the financial rents 174 3.2.5. Exercises 177 3.3. Short-time insurance model investigation 179 3.3.1. Introductory remarks 179 3.3.2. Calculation of the individual claim indexes 180 3.3.3. Exact calculation of summary claim characteristics 182 3.3.4. Normal asymptotic of summary claim distribution 183 3.3.5. Poisson asymptotic of summary claim distribution 184 3.3.6. Calculation of insurance basic characteristics 185 3.3.7. Exercises 187 3.4. Long-time insurance model investigation 188 3.4.1. Introductory remarks 188 3.4.2. The basic parameters of long-time insurance contracts 189 3.4.3. Insurance annuity analysis 190 3.4.4. The net-premium calculation 192 3.4.5. Insurance load calculation 193 3.4.6. An example 195 3.4.7. Exercises 198 3.5. Bibliographical comments 198 3.5.1. Section 3.1 198 3.5.2. Section 3.2 198 3.5.3. Sections 3.3 and 3.4 198 Appendices 199 Appendix 1 201 Appendix 2 203 Bibliography 207 Index 209
£125.06
ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc Structural Reliability
Book SynopsisThis book describes the main methods used in the reliability of structures and their use in the design process leading to reliable products. This title provides the understanding needed to implement the variety of new reliability software programs.Table of ContentsForeword xv Preface xvii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Preliminary Approach to Reliability in Mechanics 19 Chapter 3. Elementary R − S Case 39 Chapter 4. Isoprobabilistic Transformation 77 Chapter 5. Reliability Index 115 Chapter 6. Products of Reliability Analysis 147 Chapter 7. Probability of Failure 165 Chapter 8. Simulation Methods 233 Chapter 9. Reliability of Systems 265 Chapter 10. ‘Safety’ Coefficients 299 Chapter 11. Mechanical-Reliability Coupling 341 Chapter 12. Stochastic Finite Elements 391 Chapter 13. A Few Applications 441 Chapter 14. Conclusion 453 Bibliography 465 Annotations 481 A.1 Vectors and matrices 481 A.2 Operators 481 A.3 Random values 482 Index 485
£220.46
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Die neue ISO 9001:2015 in Kürze: Änderungen für
Book SynopsisMartin Hinsch vermittelt dem Leser das Wichtigste in Kürze zur Normenumstellung der neuen ISO 9001:2015. Zu jedem einzelnen Normenkapitel werden dazu alle wesentlichen Änderungen erklärt. Der Autor richtet sich damit vor allem an jene QM-Interessierten, die bereits Kontakt mit der alten ISO 9001:2008 hatten und nun knapp und präzise über alle für den betrieblichen Alltag wichtigen Neuerungen informiert werden möchten. Für detailliertere Informationen werden die Leser auf das Grundlagenwerk „Die neue ISO 9001:2015 – Ein Praxis-Ratgeber für die Normenumstellung“ von Martin Hinsch verwiesen.Table of ContentsWas Sie in diesem Essential finden können.- Einleitung.- Aufbau und Grundprinzipien der ISO 9001:2015.- Kapitelübergänge / Querverweisliste.- Kontext der Organisation.- Führung.- Planung.- Unterstützung.- Betrieb.- Bewertung der Leistung.- Verbesserung.- Was Sie aus diesem Essential mitnehmen können.
£11.77
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung - Sichtprüfung
Book SynopsisDie Sichtprüfung ist ein noch junges zerstörungsfreies Verfahren zur Prüfung von metallischen und nichtmetallischen Werkstoffen auf Ungänzen, die zur Oberfläche offen sind. Das Buch behandelt die physikalischen und die verfahrensspezifischen Grundlagen des Verfahrens. Dann werden die Prüfmittelsysteme, die Geräte-, Prüf- und Auswertetechniken der visuellen Materialprüfung vorgestellt. Der Autor beschreibt die Klassifizierung und Beurteilung von Anzeigen und zeigt die Grenzen des Prüfverfahrens auf. Er gibt Empfehlungen für den einschlägigen Arbeits- und Umweltschutz und liefert dem Werkstoffprüfer das erforderliche Rüstzeug für seine praktische Tätigkeit einschließlich der dabei zu beachtenden wichtigsten Normen und Regelwerke. Der Autor Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karlheinz Schiebold ist ein ausgewiesener Spezialist auf dem Gebiet der zerstörungsfreien Materialprüfung mit langjähriger Erfahrung in Prüfpraxis sowie Ausbildung.Trade Review"... Das Werk richtet sich an Fachleute, Prüfer, Prüfaufsicht und Studenten mit technischer Ausrichtung im Bereich der Materialwissenschaften. ... Es ist ein kompaktes Lehr- und Arbeitsbuch, das Praxis und Theorie gleichermaßen bedient. Es ist nicht nur für die Zielgruppe, sondern auch für Interessierte ein empfehlenswertes Werk ..." (Sebastian Zimmer, in: Materials and Corrosion, Jg. 66, Heft 4, 2015, S. 3 f.)Table of ContentsEinführung.- Verfahrenstechnischer Überblick.- Physikalische Grundlagen.- Technische Ausrüstungen u. Verfahren der Sichtprüfung.- Durchführung von Sichtprüfungen.- Anwendungen an Industrieanlagen.- Grenzen der Sichtprüfung.- Normen, Regelwerke, Verfahrensbeschreibungen und Prüfanweisungen.- Protokollierung und Dokumentation.- Literaturverzeichnis.- Sachwortverzeichnis.
£56.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Handbuch Qualität: Grundlagen und Elemente des
Book SynopsisQualitätsmanagement ist Querschnittsaufgabe und ist daher in Wirtschaft, Verwaltung, Gesundheitswesen, Bankwesen, Versicherungswirtschaft usw. wahrzunehmen. Das vorliegende Handbuch Qualität dient dabei als Helfer und sicherer Ratgeber für richtige Entscheidungen. Dieses Fachbuch gibt dem Leser zu den Grundlagen und zu fast jedem Teilgebiet eine fundierte und in sich geschlossene Orientierung in der kaum noch überblickbaren fachlichen Meinungsvielfalt. Das Handbuch Qualität zeichnet sich durch eine unmissverständliche, zielführende Terminologie für alle behandelten Grundlagen und Teilgebiete des Qualitätsmanagements aus. In der vorliegenden Auflage wurde besonderer Wert auf Normenaktualität gelegt, textliche Verbesserungen vorgenommen und die Aussagekraft der Abbildungen erhöht.Trade Review"Das Handbuch vermittelt das Rüstzeug für den Qualitätsmanager. Es bietet eine hervorragende Systematik und Begriffsbestimmung. Der Leser lernt auch die wichtigen statistischen und anderen Methoden kennen, die bei der Qualitätsmessung und Qualitätssicherung maßgeblich sind. Die Fülle der vorgestellten Werkzeuge, Methoden und Modelle machen es zu einem wertvollen, aber auch anspruchsvollen Nachschlagewerk." www.business-wissen.de, 15.12.2008 "Insgesamt zeichnet sich das Buch durch gute Lesbarkeit sowie klare und zielführende Darstellungen der Sachverhalte aus. Ein Abkürzungsverzeichnis sowie eine kurz gehaltene Gegenüberstellung englischer und deutscher Fachbegriffe sind eine dem Leser sicher willkommene Bereicherung des Werkes." RDV 1/2008 "Dieses Buch gilt Branchen unabhängig. Sein Inhalt gründet sich auf mehr als drei Jahrzehnte Wissenssammlung und Erfahrungen, national und international, in Praxis und Theorie." www.pro-manager.de, 04.01.2006Table of ContentsGrundlagen des Qualitätsmanagements: Besonderheiten und Bedeutung - Modellvorstellungen - Fach- und Sachbegriffe - Risiko und Sicherheit - Forderungsplanung - Qualitätsverbesserung - QM-System - TQM - Qualität und Recht. Teilgebiete des Qualitätsmanagements: Qualität und Kosten - Messunsicherheit - Abweichungsfortpflanzung und abgestufte Grenzwerte - SPC - Statistische Verfahren, Tests und Versuchsplanung - Normierte Qualitätsbeurteilung - Qualitätsregelkarten - Selbstprüfung - Dokumentation
£125.99
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden FMEA - Einführung und Moderation: Durch
Book SynopsisDieses Buch hilft Ihnen, die Methodik FMEA sowie die angrenzenden Themen zu verstehen und anzuwenden. Es räumt mit dem Vorurteil auf, FMEA wäre „nur“ ein Qualitätstool, das von Qualitätsspezialisten durchgeführt wird. Vielmehr kann die FMEA in jeder Branche als Werkzeug benutzt werden, um Produkte, Projekte, Aufgaben und Dienstleistungen äußerst planbar, nachvollziehbar und zielorientiert umzusetzen. Das strukturierte Vorgehen unterstützt Problemlösungen und schafft somit neue Denkansätze (präventive Qualitätssicherungsmethodik und Risikoanalyse). Bei richtiger Anwendung werden Sie Zeit, Geld und Kapazität einsparen.Table of ContentsEinführung in das Thema.–Methodik Grundlagen.–Moderationstechnik.–nachhaltige Einführung im Betrieb.–Stolpersteine in der Praxis (oder: Wie bringe ich eine FMEA sicher zum Scheitern).–Software.–Produkthaftung in Deutschland.–Methoden und Begriffe im Umfeld.–Tipps, Tricks und Tools.–Vision.
£56.99
World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd Reliability Modeling, Analysis And Optimization
Book SynopsisAs our modern information-age society grows in complexity both in terms of embedded systems and applications, the problems and challenges in reliability become ever more complex. Bringing together many of the leading experts in the field, this volume presents a broad picture of current research on system modeling and optimization in reliability and its applications.The book comprises twenty-three chapters organized into four parts: Reliability Modeling, Software Quality Engineering, Software Reliability, and Maintenance and Inspection Policies. These sections cover a wide range of important topics, including system reliability modeling, optimization, software reliability and quality, maintenance theory and inspection, reliability failure analysis, sampling plans and schemes, software development processes and improvement, stochastic process modeling, statistical distributions and analysis, fault-tolerant performance, software measurements and cost effectiveness, queueing theory and applications, system availability, reliability of repairable systems, testing sampling inspection, software capability maturity model, accelerated life modeling, statistical control, and HALT testing.Trade Review"The editor has done a good job in partitioning the material in four parts." Journal of Quality TechnologyTable of ContentsReliability Modeling: Optimal Checkpointing Interval for Task Duplication with Spare Processing (S Nakagawa et al.); Optimal Interval of CRL Issue in PKI Architecture (M Arafuka et al.); Applying Accelerated Life Models to HALT Testing (F Guerin et al.); Software Quality Engineering: Measurement of Object-Oriented Software Understandability Using Spatial Complexity (J K Chhabra et al.); An Approach to Quantifying Process Cost and Quality (G Twaites & C Hoffman); Software Process Improvement Activities Based on CMM (T Fujiwara & S Yamada); Software Reliability Modeling: A Two-Level Continuous Sampling Plan for Software Systems (S Hwang & H Pham); An Extended Delayed S-Shaped Software Reliability Growth Model Based on Infinite Server Queueing Theory (S Inoue & S Yamada); Disappointment Probability Based on the Number of Debuggings for Operational Software Availability Measurement (Y Saitoh et al.); Maintenance and Inspection Policies: Optimal Random and Periodic Inspection Policies (T Sugiura et al.); Screening Scheme for High Performance Products (W-T Cheong & L-C Tang); Age-Dependent Failure Interaction (Q Zhao et al.); and other papers.
£188.10
Taylor & Francis Ltd Systems Engineering Reliability Analysis Using koutofn Structures
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£999.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc Practical Reliability Engineering
Book SynopsisWith emphasis on practical aspects of engineering, this bestseller has gained worldwide recognition through progressive editions as the essential reliability textbook. This fifth edition retains the unique balanced mixture of reliability theory and applications, thoroughly updated with the latest industry best practices. Practical Reliability Engineering fulfils the requirements of the Certified Reliability Engineer curriculum of the American Society for Quality (ASQ). Each chapter is supported by practice questions, and a solutions manual is available to course tutors via the companion website. Enhanced coverage of mathematics of reliability, physics of failure, graphical and software methods of failure data analysis, reliability prediction and modelling, design for reliability and safety as well as management and economics of reliability programmes ensures continued relevance to all quality assurance and reliability courses. Notable additions include:<Trade Review“This informative, quick read will give the reader simple explanations and an overview of the various major forms of energy and how energy is stored and transported.” (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1 November 2013)Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition xv Preface to the Second Edition xvii Preface to the Third Edition xix Preface to the Third Edition Revised xxi Preface to the Fourth Edition xxiii Preface to the Fifth Edition xxv Acknowledgements xxvii 1 Introduction to Reliability Engineering 1 1.1 What is Reliability Engineering? 1 1.2 Why Teach Reliability Engineering? 2 1.3 Why Do Engineering Products Fail? 4 1.4 Probabilistic Reliability 6 1.5 Repairable and Non-Repairable Items 7 1.6 The Pattern of Failures with Time (Non-Repairable Items) 8 1.7 The Pattern of Failures with Time (Repairable Items) 9 1.8 The Development of Reliability Engineering 9 1.9 Courses, Conferences and Literature 11 1.10 Organizations Involved in Reliability Work 12 1.11 Reliability as an Effectiveness Parameter 12 1.12 Reliability Programme Activities 13 1.13 Reliability Economics and Management 14 Questions 17 Bibliography 18 2 Reliability Mathematics 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Variation 19 2.3 Probability Concepts 21 2.4 Rules of Probability 22 2.5 Continuous Variation 28 2.6 Continuous Distribution Functions 33 2.7 Summary of Continuous Statistical Distributions 41 2.8 Variation in Engineering 41 2.9 Conclusions 47 2.10 Discrete Variation 48 2.11 Statistical Confidence 51 2.12 Statistical Hypothesis Testing 53 2.13 Non-Parametric Inferential Methods 57 2.14 Goodness of Fit 59 2.15 Series of Events (Point Processes) 61 2.16 Computer Software for Statistics 64 2.17 Practical Conclusions 64 Questions 66 Bibliography 68 3 Life Data Analysis and Probability Plotting 70 3.1 Introduction 70 3.2 Life Data Classification 71 3.3 Ranking of Data 75 3.4 Weibull Distribution 78 3.5 Computerized Data Analysis and Probability Plotting 85 3.6 Confidence Bounds for Life Data Analysis 89 3.7 Choosing the Best Distribution and Assessing the Results 95 3.8 Conclusions 102 Questions 103 Bibliography 107 4 Monte Carlo Simulation 108 4.1 Introduction 108 4.2 Monte Carlo Simulation Basics 108 4.3 Additional Statistical Distributions 108 4.4 Sampling a Statistical Distribution 110 4.5 Basic Steps for Performing a Monte Carlo Simulation 113 4.6 Monte Carlo Method Summary 115 Questions 118 Bibliography 119 5 Load–Strength Interference 120 5.1 Introduction 120 5.2 Distributed Load and Strength 120 5.3 Analysis of Load–Strength Interference 123 5.4 Effect of Safety Margin and Loading Roughness on Reliability (Multiple Load Applications) 124 5.5 Practical Aspects 131 Questions 132 Bibliography 133 6 Reliability Prediction and Modelling 134 6.1 Introduction 134 6.2 Fundamental Limitations of Reliability Prediction 135 6.3 Standards Based Reliability Prediction 136 6.4 Other Methods for Reliability Predictions 141 6.5 Practical Aspects 143 6.6 Systems Reliability Models 143 6.7 Availability of Repairable Systems 147 6.8 Modular Design 151 6.9 Block Diagram Analysis 152 6.10 Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) 157 6.11 State-Space Analysis (Markov Analysis) 158 6.12 Petri Nets 165 6.13 Reliability Apportionment 169 6.14 Conclusions 170 Questions 170 Bibliography 175 7 Design for Reliability 177 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 Design for Reliability Process 178 7.3 Identify 179 7.4 Design 183 7.5 Analyse 196 7.6 Verify 197 7.7 Validate 198 7.8 Control 198 7.9 Assessing the DfR Capability of an Organization 201 7.10 Summary 201 Questions 202 Bibliography 203 8 Reliability of Mechanical Components and Systems 205 8.1 Introduction 205 8.2 Mechanical Stress, Strength and Fracture 206 8.3 Fatigue 208 8.4 Creep 214 8.5 Wear 214 8.6 Corrosion 216 8.7 Vibration and Shock 216 8.8 Temperature Effects 218 8.9 Materials 220 8.10 Components 220 8.11 Processes 221 Questions 222 Bibliography 223 9 Electronic Systems Reliability 225 9.1 Introduction 225 9.2 Reliability of Electronic Components 226 9.3 Component Types and Failure Mechanisms 229 9.4 Summary of Device Failure Modes 243 9.5 Circuit and System Aspects 244 9.6 Reliability in Electronic System Design 245 9.7 Parameter Variation and Tolerances 254 9.8 Design for Production, Test and Maintenance 258 Questions 259 Bibliography 260 10 Software Reliability 262 10.1 Introduction 262 10.2 Software in Engineering Systems 263 10.3 Software Errors 265 10.4 Preventing Errors 267 10.5 Software Structure and Modularity 268 10.6 Programming Style 269 10.7 Fault Tolerance 269 10.8 Redundancy/Diversity 270 10.9 Languages 270 10.10 Data Reliability 272 10.11 Software Checking 272 10.12 Software Testing 274 10.13 Error Reporting 275 10.14 Software Reliability Prediction and Measurement 276 10.15 Hardware/Software Interfaces 281 10.16 Conclusions 281 Questions 283 Bibliography 283 11 Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance 284 11.1 Introduction 284 11.2 Statistical Design of Experiments and Analysis of Variance 284 11.3 Randomizing the Data 296 11.4 Engineering Interpretation of Results 297 11.5 The Taguchi Method 297 11.6 Conclusions 301 Questions 302 Bibliography 305 12 Reliability Testing 306 12.1 Introduction 306 12.2 Planning Reliability Testing 307 12.3 Test Environments 309 12.4 Testing for Reliability and Durability: Accelerated Test 313 12.5 Test Planning 322 12.6 Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action Systems (FRACAS) 323 Questions 324 Bibliography 325 13 Analysing Reliability Data 327 13.1 Introduction 327 13.2 Pareto Analysis 327 13.3 Accelerated Test Data Analysis 328 13.4 Acceleration Factor 329 13.5 Acceleration Models 330 13.6 Field-Test Relationship 335 13.7 Statistical Analysis of Accelerated Test Data 336 13.8 Reliability Analysis of Repairable Systems 339 13.9 CUSUM Charts 343 13.10 Exploratory Data Analysis and Proportional Hazards Modelling 346 13.11 Field and Warranty Data Analysis 348 Questions 351 Bibliography 355 14 Reliability Demonstration and Growth 357 14.1 Introduction 357 14.2 Reliability Metrics 357 14.3 Test to Success (Success Run Method) 358 14.4 Test to Failure Method 359 14.5 Extended Life Test 360 14.6 Continuous Testing 361 14.7 Degradation Analysis 362 14.8 Combining Results Using Bayesian Statistics 363 14.9 Non-Parametric Methods 365 14.10 Reliability Demonstration Software 366 14.11 Practical Aspects of Reliability Demonstration 366 14.12 Standard Methods for Repairable Equipment 367 14.13 Reliability Growth Monitoring 373 14.14 Making Reliability Grow 382 Questions 383 Bibliography 385 15 Reliability in Manufacture 386 15.1 Introduction 386 15.2 Control of Production Variability 386 15.3 Control of Human Variation 390 15.4 Acceptance Sampling 391 15.5 Improving the Process 395 15.6 Quality Control in Electronics Production 399 15.7 Stress Screening 402 15.8 Production Failure Reporting Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS) 404 15.9 Conclusions 405 Questions 405 Bibliography 406 16 Maintainability, Maintenance and Availability 408 16.1 Introduction 408 16.2 Availability Measures 409 16.3 Maintenance Time Distributions 410 16.4 Preventive Maintenance Strategy 411 16.5 FMECA and FTA in Maintenance Planning 415 16.6 Maintenance Schedules 415 16.7 Technology Aspects 415 16.8 Calibration 417 16.9 Maintainability Prediction 417 16.10 Maintainability Demonstration 418 16.11 Design for Maintainability 418 16.12 Integrated Logistic Support 418 Questions 419 Bibliography 420 17 Reliability Management 421 17.1 Corporate Policy for Reliability 421 17.2 Integrated Reliability Programmes 421 17.3 Reliability and Costs 424 17.4 Safety and Product Liability 428 17.5 Standards for Reliability, Quality and Safety 428 17.6 Specifying Reliability 431 17.7 Contracting for Reliability Achievement 432 17.8 Managing Lower-Level Suppliers 434 17.9 The Reliability Manual 435 17.10 The Project Reliability Plan 436 17.11 Use of External Services 436 17.12 Customer Management of Reliability 437 17.13 Selecting and Training for Reliability 439 17.14 Organization for Reliability 440 17.15 Reliability Capability and Maturity of an Organization 442 17.16 Managing Production Quality 444 17.17 Quality Management Approaches 446 17.18 Choosing the Methods: Strategy and Tactics 447 17.19 Conclusions 448 Questions 449 Bibliography 450 Appendix 1 The Standard Cumulative Normal Distribution Function 451 Appendix 2 χ2(α, ν) Distribution Values 453 Appendix 3 Kolmogorov–Smirnov Tables 455 Appendix 4 Rank Tables (5 %, 95 %) 457 Appendix 5 Failure Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS) 465 Appendix 6 Reliability, Maintainability (and Safety) Plan Example 467 Appendix 7 Matrix Algebra Revision 474 Index 476
£117.75
Springer Reliability Data Collection and Analysis
a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Inc Reliability Engineering
Book SynopsisReliability theory is a multidisciplinary science aimed at developing complex systems that are resistant to failures. Reliability engineering has emerged as a main field not only for scientists and researchers, but also for engineers and industrial managers. This book covers the recent developments in reliability engineering. It presents new theoretical issues that were not previously published, as well as the solutions of practical problems and case studies illustrating the applications methodology. This book is written by a number of leading scientists, analysts, mathematicians, statisticians, and engineers who have been working on the front end of reliability science and engineering.Reliability Engineering: Theory and Applications covers the recent developments in reliability engineering. It presents new theoretical issues that were not previously presented in the literature, as well as the solutions of important practical problems and case studies illustrating the Table of Contents1. Multi-State Systems. 2. System Performance. 3. Availability. 4. Maintenance. 5. Markov Systems. 6. Semi-Markov Models. 7. Reliability Assessment. 8. Lz Transformation. 9. Survival Analysis. 10. Statistical Inference. 11. Preventive Maintenance. 12. Optimization. 13. Operational Cost. 14. Repairable System. 15. Markov Process. 16. Degradation Process. 17. Stochastic Process.
£147.25
Taylor & Francis Inc Ethics In Quality
Book SynopsisThis book poses essential questions on ethical quality and regarding the best action to take when dealing with a company, which has adopted a course of action that may lead it to act in an irresponsible manner. It is intended for quality engineers and product liability attorneys.Table of Contents1. Ethics, Quality, and Product Liability 2. Engineering Ethics 3. Differences Between Professions 4. Ethical Questions in Product and Service Industries 5. Ethical Problems in Engineering, Private Practice, and Corporate Employment 6. History of Ethics and Problems 7. Product Liability and Ethical Considerations 8. Ethics and Free Speech 9. Whistleblowing 10. Loyalty, Ethics, and Job Hopping 11. Design Ethics and Codes of Practice 12. Ethics of Quality Control 13. Ethics in Business 14. Ethics, Standards, Quality, and General Subjects
£34.19
Industrial Press Inc.,U.S. designforreliabilitydevelopingassetsthatmeettheneedsofowners
Book Synopsis None of the few Design for Reliability (DFR) books currently available addresses the process from the owner’s (or buyer’s) perspective. Instead, they approach DFR strictly from the seller’s (or manufacturer’s) viewpoint. As a result, few assets are designed and developed with the intent to meet the future owner’s specific needs for reliability, availability, and maintainability over the life of the asset. In this groundbreaking new book, Dan Daley intends to correct the imbalance in how DFR is often implemented by providing owners with the tools they need to ensure that their requirements - not the seller’s - are followed in developing new assets. This book will be an invaluable guide to everyone involved in the design, development, or purchase of new assets. It will help owners take the necessary steps to get what they really need, and it will help sellers “deliver the goods” that their customers – the owners &
£54.00
Industrial Press Inc.,U.S. Industrial and Manufacturing Wellness The
Book SynopsisWhen humans are well, they are in a state where body, mind, and spirit are holistically integrated, and, as a result, are healthy, happy, and resilient. The same can be said for a thriving business. Industrial and Manufacturing Wellness: The Complete Guide to Successful Enterprise Asset Management explains how to use reliability engineering principles to design and build companies that are robust, reliable, self-improving, integrated business systems best suited for achieving optimal results. Written by asset management expert Mike Sondalini, creator and author of The Plant Wellness Way, this revolutionary work goes beyond basic plant management. Instead, it reveals a completely new way to engineer and implement business processes and work flow strategies that deliver overall operational excellence. The author introduces risk management, decision-making methods that prove the worth or not of a change before it is initiated in the organization, thus protectTrade ReviewMike created what could basically be referred to as an ISO55001 implementation manual, with a big picture holistic engineering reliability approach to asset management. You will be surprised how he did that while also expanding on his existing 'Plant Wellness Way' methodology in just 286 pages! I also like how he emphasized throughout the book, attention to life cycle cost. Something that has been lacking in our industry. A must-read in today's world. --Don Fitchett, Business Industrial Network (BIN95.com)""Mike Sondalini's new book Industrial and Manufacturing Wellness is one of the best in our field that I have seen."" --Len Bradshaw, Editor of Asset Management and Maintenance Journal(AMMJ)
£67.50
Industrial Press Inc.,U.S. Precisely Wrong
Book Synopsis Overview At the heart of most supply chains lies a planning tool called Material Requirements Planning (MRP). Invented in the 1950s, codifed in the 1960s and commercialized in the 1970s, MRP became THE way of life for supply order generation and synchronization throughout the world. Yet the people that interact with MRP everyday know that something is very wrong. They may not be able to explain exactly why, but they know that if they did exactly what MRP told them to do, it would have disastrous consequences for their company and their career. What if there was one fatal flaw in MRP that makes it distort the relevant information that planners, companies, and supply chains are desperately seeking? What if correcting this one fatal flaw would allow the promise of MRP to be attained and the bullwhip to be effectively mitigated? Precisely Wrong: Why Conventional Planning Fails and How to Fix It will expose this fatal flaw and trace itTable of ContentsPart 1: The Current Planning Challenge - The Objective and History of Planning; How Conventional Planning Works; Convention and the Bullwhip Effect; Part 2: A New Direction - The Power of Decoupling; Demand Driven MRP; Beyond DDMRP; The Demand Driven Adaptive Enterprise Model.
£65.00
Industrial Press Inc.,U.S. The Death of Reliability Is it Too Late to
Book Synopsis Are we facing the death of reliability? Some believe this is the case, particularly when it comes to reliability leadership. Without qualified leaders, there can be no true reliability, and as such, companies are losing out on the one real competitive advantage available to them today. About thirty years ago, organizations would invest time and money in their employees to develop craftspeople. Nowadays, many companies use shortcuts to try to achieve reliability, often fudging numbers to make it appear that they are progressing in the right direction, or using abbreviated training rather than full apprenticeships to produce skilled craftspeople. Unfortunately, they’re simply covering up the unreliability that causes them to lose ground and increase costs. The misguided shortcuts used to circumvent hard work and effort are eroding craft skills. There are three components that are the root causes of unreliability, and, if elimTable of ContentsIntroduction: Competitive Advantage; What is Reliability?; Lubrication; Contamination; Improper Installation;; What is a Maintenance and Reliability Professional?; Leadership Style; Things Leaders Should Stop/Start Doing Immediately; Managing Consultants; Reactive Maintenance Strategies; Proactive Maintenance Strategies; Conclusion. An affiliated website will include the following helpful resources: Project justification with calculated ROI; Training Matrix with weighting to pay for skill structure; Work priority rating for Work Management; Work flow Management Process; Storeroom Matrix for Stock/Not Stock.
£49.50
Taylor & Francis Ltd Modeling Remaining Useful Life Dynamics in
Book SynopsisThis book applies traditional reliability engineering methods to prognostics and health management (PHM), looking at remaining useful life (RUL) and its dynamics, to enable engineers to effectively and accurately predict machinery and systems useful lifespan. One of the key tools used in defining and implementing predictive maintenance policies is the RUL indicator. However, it is essential to account for the uncertainty inherent to the RUL, as otherwise predictive maintenance strategies can be incorrect. This can cause high costs or, alternatively, inappropriate decisions. Methods used to estimate RUL are numerous and diverse and, broadly speaking, fall into three categories: model-based, data-driven, or hybrid, which uses both. The author starts by building on established theory and looks at traditional reliability engineering methods through their relation to PHM requirements and presents the concept of RUL loss rate. Following on from this, the author presents an innovative geneTrade ReviewA Review of Modeling Remaining Useful Life Dynamics in Reliability EngineeringPierre DersinCRC Press, 2023 In my opinion, this is a very important addition to our reliability engineering technology. It provides a comprehensive and definitive treatment of the modeling of remaining asset life. More significantly, the construction is new, insightful and broadly applicable. This book should become a part of every reliability engineer’s reference library. The key and very significant contribution of the text is that the author shows that the remaining useful life of an asset can be modeled using a linear or a piecewise linear function of time or in some cases of a transformed time scale. The author specifically shows that this feature of the residual life occurs in all of the most commonly used probability models of life duration. He shows that the (piecewise) linear relationship occurs for exponential, uniform, Dirac, Weibull, Lognormal, Pareto and Gamma life distributions and also for gamma process and Weiner process degradation models. In each case, he shows the mapping from the life distribution parameters to the (piecewise) linear remaining life models. In addition, he constructs the time scale transform for those distributions where it is needed. The result is an analytical framework for obtaining a residual life measure that can be the basis for efficient maintenance planning – especially for predictive maintenance planning. The text is well organized and provides complete explanations of the analytical details. The author starts with definitions of Remaining Useful Life (RUL), the Mean Residual Life (MRL) which is the expected value of the RUL and the “RUL loss rate” which is the derivative of the RUL and characterizes the ongoing evolution of the RUL. He then establishes the general relationship between the MRL and the reliability function. This relationship forms the basis for the RUL analyses that follow and these analyses are also substantial. The continuing constructions, include the definition of confidence intervals for the RUL, the parametric definition of the linear time functions for the MRL, the coefficient of variation for the RUL and the determination of the relationship between the confidence interval for the RUL and the RUL Loss rate. Following an excursion into moment generating functions and cumulative hazard functions, the author generalizes the previous results to MRL measures that are piecewise linear functions of time. Once this generalization is established, the author defines the non-linear time transformation that allows the MRL for most life distributions to be expressed as piecewise linear functions. He specifically shows the construction for several cases in which commonly used life distributions and also to degradation models. The author devotes a complete chapter to the examination of the properties of the time transformation that allows for the linearization of the MRL based on so many commonly used life duration models. This assures that the reader has a full view of the power of the analysis that has been presented.At this point, the analytical construction is really complete. Nevertheless, the author continues further to show the applicability of the method to cases of multiple failure modes and he then addresses statistical estimation methods. As part of this treatment, he explains the possibility of using Bayesian estimation strategies in the analysis. He completes the text with a discussion of maintenance planning models and methods and with a suggestion of where ongoing research seems appropriate. These discussions are insightful and useful but in my view, the exciting feature of this text is that the treatment of RUL is so thorough that the results developed will support the formulation of predictive maintenance strategies. I think that every reliability engineer that is working with asset management questions should read this text and use it as a basis for using asset monitoring information to define efficient adaptive maintenance plans.In closing, I suggest that this text will become one of the classic standard references for reliability engineers. Joel A. Nachlas, Ph. D.Table of Contents1. Introduction, 2. Reminder of Reliability Engineering Fundamentals, 3. The RUL Loss Rate for a Special Class of Time-to-Failure Distributions: MRL Linear Function of Time, 4. Generalization to an MRL Piecewise-Linear Function of Time, 5. Generalization to a Wide Class of Lifetime Distributions, 6. Properties of the dg Metric, 7. Multiple Failure or Degradation Modes, 8. Statistical Estimation Aspects, 9. Implications for Maintenance Optimization, 10. Advanced Topics and Further Research
£999.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Reliability and Risk Analysis
Book SynopsisCompletely updated for a new edition, this book introduces reliability and risks analysis, for both practicing engineers and engineering students at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Since reliability analysis is a multidisciplinary subject, this book draws together a wide range of topics and presents them in a way that applies to most engineering disciplines.Reliability and Risk Analysis, Second Edition, emphasizes an introduction and explanation of the practical methods used in reliability and risk studies, with a discussion of their uses and limitations. It offers basic and advanced methods in reliability analysis that are commonly used in daily practice and provides methods that address unique topics such as dependent failure analysis, importance analysis, and analysis of repairable systems. The book goes on to present a comprehensive overview of modern probabilistic life assessment methods such as Bayesian estimation, system reliability analysis, and human Table of Contents1. Reliability Engineering Perspective and Fundamentals. 2. Basic Reliability Mathematics: Probability. 3. Elements of Component Reliability. 4. Basic Reliability Mathematics: Statistics. 5. Reliability Data Analysis and Model Selection. 6. System Reliability Analysis. 7. Reliability and Availability of Repairable Components and Systems. 8. Selected Advanced Topics in Reliability and Risk Analysis. 9. Risk Analysis. Appendix A: Statistical Tables. Appendix B: Generic Failure Data
£999.99
