Armed conflict Books

Book SynopsisCOMPLETELY REVISED AND UPDATED EDITION -- THE ESSENTIAL HISTORY OF THE TROUBLES''Compellingly written and very even-handed. By far the clearest account of what happened in the Northern Ireland conflict and more importantly why it happened'' Irish News''Extraordinarily well-balanced, sane, comprehensive and rich in sober understatement'' Glasgow Herald__________________________First published two decades ago, Making Sense of the Troubles is widely regarded as the most ''comprehensive, considered and compassionate'' (Irish Times) history of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Written by a distinguished journalist and a teacher of history in Northern Ireland, it surveys the roots of the problems from 1921 onwards, the descent into violence in the late 60s, and the three terrible decades that followed.In this fully revised and updated version, McKittrick and McVea take into account the momentous events of the ten years that followed their first publication, including the disbanding of the IRA, Ian Paisley''s deal with the Republicans and the historic power-sharing government in Belfast.__________________________''An updated reissue of a collaborative study published 12 years ago to rave reviews as a frank, accurate and authoritative narrative of events which should be required reading for anyone hoping to understand what had been going on in the North'' Irish Independent''I would strongly advocate that it be made compulsory reading for everyone in Northern Ireland because for the first time it is our history, all of it warts and all, presented in a clear and understandable way'' Irish NewsTrade ReviewCompellingly written and very even-handed. By far the clearest account of what happened in the Northern Ireland conflict and more importantly why it happened * Irish News *Extraordinarily well-balanced, sane, comprehensive and rich in sober understatement -- Cal McCrystal * Glasgow Herald *Even-handed, clearly written, and set to become one of the definitive works on the subject * Scotland on Sunday *For those looking for a pragmatic understanding of the country known as Northern Ireland it is essential reading -- John Coulter * Sunday Business Post *

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Book SynopsisNo conflict in the world has lasted as long, generated as many news headlines, or incited as much controversy as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Yet, despite, or perhaps because of, the degree of international attention it receives, the conflict is still widely misunderstood. While Israelis and Palestinians and their respective supporters trade accusations, many outside observers remain confused by the conflict''s complexity and perplexed by the passion it arouses.The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What Everyone Needs to Know offers an even-handed and judicious guide to the world''s most intractable dispute. Rather than presenting a traditional, narrative history, this book employs an accessible question-and-answer format. Writing in an engaging, jargon-free style, Dov Waxman, a leading expert on the Middle East, provides clear and concise answers to common questions, from the most basic to the most contentious. Covering the conflict from its nineteenth-century origins to the latest dTrade Review"Waxman draws on his command of history, diplomacy and politics to untangle what is surely the most challenging quandary in the Middle East since the Gordian knot, and he dispenses his solid expertise in short bursts of clear and highly illuminating prose." -Jonathan Kirsch, The Jewish Journal "A standing ovation is the only reasonable response to Dov Waxman's The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What Everyone Needs to Know, as well as heartfelt thanks for addressing all the questions we are afraid everyone knows the answers to but us."- Foreword ReviewsTable of ContentsPreface Acknowledgments List of Maps and Figures Chronology Ch. 1 - The Basics Ch. 2 - The Origins of the Conflict Ch. 3 - The Arab-Israeli Wars Ch. 4 - The Peace Process Ch. 5 - The Occupied Territories Ch. 6 - The Future of the Conflict Suggestions for Further Reading Index

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Book SynopsisNow in its third edition, this textbook provides an accessible and up-to-date examination of international humanitarian law, with relevant cases, examples, and discussion questions. It offers students and teachers a comprehensive and logical discussion and analysis of the law, and the developing trends in theory and practice of the law.

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Book SynopsisSecurity Studies: An Introduction, 4th edition, is the most comprehensive textbook available on the subject, providing students with in-depth coverage of traditional and critical approaches and an essential grounding in the debates, frameworks, and issues of the contemporary security agenda.This new edition has been completely revised and updated, to cover major developments such as COVID-19, the rise of populism, climate change, China and Russiaâs place in the world, and the Trump administration. It also includes new chapters on great power rivalry, emerging technologies, and economic threats.Divided into four parts, the text provides students with a detailed, accessible overview of the major theoretical approaches, key themes, and most significant issues within security studies. Part 1 explores the main theoretical approaches from both traditional and critical standpoints Part 2 explains the central concepts underpinning contemporary debTable of ContentsAn Introduction to Security Studies Paul D. Williams and Matt McDonald Part 1: Theoretical ApproachesTraditional Approaches 1.Realisms 2.Liberalisms 3.Constructivisms Critical Approaches 4.Critical Theory 5.Feminisms 6.Poststructuralism 7.Securitization 8.Postcolonialism Part 2: Key Concepts 9.Uncertainty 10.Great Power Rivalry 11.Culture 12.War 13.Coercion 14.Peace and Violence 15.Human Security 16.Responsibility to Protect 17.Development Part 3: Institutions 18.Alliances 19.Regional Organizations 20.The United Nations 21.Peace Operations 22.The Nuclear Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Regime 23.Private Military and Security Companies Part 4: Contemporary Challenges 24.Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity 25.Ethnic Conflict 26.Terrorism 27.Counterterrorism 28.Counterinsurgency 29.Intelligence 30.Economic Threats 31.Transnational Organized Crime 32.Global Arms Trade 33.Migration and Refugees 34.Energy Security 35.Women, Peace, and Security 36.Environmental Change 37.Health 38.Emerging Technologies 39.Cybersecurity 40.Outer Space

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Book SynopsisTribes and Politics in Yemen tells the story of the Houthi conflict in Sa'dah Province, Yemen, as seen through the eyes of the local tribes. In the West the Houthi conflict, which erupted in 2004, is often defined through the lenses of either the Iranian-Saudi proxy war or the Sunni-Shia divide. Yet, as experienced by locals, the Houthi conflict is much more deeply rooted in the recent history of Sa'dah Province. Its origins must be sought in the political, economic, social and sectarian transformations since the 1960s civil war and their repercussions on the local society, which is dominated by tribal norms. From the civil war to the Houthi conflict these transformations involve the same individuals, families and groups, and are driven by the same struggles over resources, prerogatives, and power. This book is based on years of anthropological fieldwork expertise both on the ground and through digital anthropological approaches. It offers a detailed account of the local complexities of the Houthi conflict and its historical background and underscores the absolute imperative of understanding the highly local, personal, and non-ideological nature of internal conflict in Yemen.Trade Review'Remarkable.'‘An excellent book . . . an indispensable read to anyone with an interest in Yemeni politics, both past and present.’'Brandt . . . has delved deeply into the emergence and evolution of the Houthi phenomenon and explains in extensive detail the entangled and incredibly complex roots of the conflict . . . she has done so thoroughly, convincingly and admirably . . . . an invaluable glimpse into the complexity of Yemeni society and politics.''As a writer and researcher on Yemen, this is the book I've been waiting for. A thorough, painstakingly assembled account of the rise of one of the world's least understood rebel groups - it makes for a riveting read. This is an indispensable addition to the pool of knowledge on Yemen and a must read for everyone who wants to understand why we are here today.' -- Peter Salisbury, Senior Research Fellow, Middle East and North Africa Programme, Chatham House'The most detailed and comprehensive analysis to date of the Houthi conflict in Yemen, providing critical insights into the rise of the Houthis as a national movement and how a local conflict metastasized into a regional one. Published as the Saudi-led "Operation Decisive Storm" is still in full swing, this long overdue and well-researched book will help readers understand how Yemen became a laboratory for new wars in the Middle East.' -- Gabriele vom Bruck, Senior Lecturer at School of Oriental and African Studies; author of Islam, Memory and Morality in Yemen: Ruling Families in Transition'Marieke Brandt's book is a fascinating piece of ethnography and history. Through exceptional fieldwork in the northern highlands of Yemen, it explores the minute details and roots of a political and religious phenomenon that remains fundamental to our understanding of the contemporary Arabian Peninsula.' -- Laurent Bonnefoy, researcher at the CERI/Sciences Po, author of Salafism in Yemen: Transnationalism and Religious Identity‘This book provides a deep and comprehensive insight into the complex “Houthi conflict” by studying its political, tribal and personal dynamics. Brandt pays great attention to the wide spectrum of local causes that explain the conflict’s onset, persistence, and expansion on the basis of a “bottom-up” social anthropological approach.’ -- Horst Kopp, former professor at University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; researcher on the urban and rural geography of Yemen'Brandt's detailed, even intimate, analysis of the Houthi movement's history, internal social dynamics and relations with local and regional actors is essential reading for understanding its current and prospective role in Yemen's politics. Beyond Yemen, the book demonstrates the importance of anthropological analysis in explaining local and national politics.' -- Helen Lackner, Research Associate at London Middle East Institute, School of Oriental and African Studies; author of Yemen in Crisis: Autocracy, Neo-Liberalism and the Disintegration of a State

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Book SynopsisA chronicle of 20 years of conflictTrade Review'Unique. Roy is humanely rather than only professionally committed in ways that are unmatched by any other non-Palestinian scholar. No one has reported more accurately and scrupulously on the economic devastation attendant on the Oslo process' -- Edward W. Said'I warmly recommend this work of urgent witness by one of the world's foremost experts on the de-development of the Gaza's economy' -- Roger Owen, A.J.Meyer Professor of Middle East History, Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Preface 1. Introduction 2. Learning from the Holocaust 3. Israel’s Military Occupation and the First Palestinian 4. Israeli Occupation and the Oslo Peace Process 5. The Failure of 'Peace' and its Consequences 6. Conclusion Notes Index

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Book SynopsisMyanmar's generals didn't expect the nation to rise up against the coup they staged in February 2021. But after decades of stifling, direct military rule, the Burmese people had become used to another way of life during the relative openness of 201121. The army has been unable to suppress anti-coup protests as it did in 1962 and 1988; and, three years after sending tanks into Yangon, Naypyitaw and other cities, the army has yet to establish a functioning administration.For the first time since the 1970s, armed resistance is not confined to traditionally strife-torn frontier areas, where ethnic insurgents like the Karen National Union and Kachin Independence Army have been active for decadesit has spread to the majority-Burmese heartland, in the shape of the People's Defence Forces. But the anti-junta forces are insufficiently well-equipped to defeat the much more heavily armed Myanmar army, which itself is stretched too thin, on several fronts, to crush the resista

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Book SynopsisThe first-person account of a 26-year-old who fought in the war in Sierra Leone as a 12-year-old boy.My new friends have begun to suspect that I haven''t told them the full story of my life.Why did you leave Sierra Leone?Because there is a war.You mean, you saw people running around with guns and shooting each other?Yes, all the time.Cool.I smile a little.You should tell us about it sometime.Yes, sometime.'This is how wars are fought now: by children, hopped-up on drugs and wielding AK-47s. There are more than fifty conflicts going on worldwide and it is estimated there are some 300,000 child soldiers fighting. Ishmael Beah used to be one of them.What is war like through the eyes of a child soldier? How does one become a killer? How does one stop? Child soldiers have been profiled by journalists, and novelists have struggled to imagine their lives. But until now, there has not been a first-person account from someone who came through this hell and survived. Ishmael Beah, now twenty-fivTrade Review'A corrosive, eloquent and illuminating account of a child soldier's life, and it makes you look at the news with a fresh eye. What he has done is to make his situation imaginable for us, and stop us from simply turning away in horror. That is the best gift he could give the world.' Hilary Mantel ‘Gives the war a painfully human dimension and reminds us of its pointlessness…If the pathos of this book helps to persuade the puppeteers of the estimated 300,000 child soldiers fighting today to put down their guns, then Beah will have done more than all those A47s ever have.' The Times ‘A lucid, pensive, beautifully written account of a madness that he has the bravery to revisit head–on.’ TLS ‘Few of those boy soldiers have told their story as eloquently as Ishmael Beah.’ Sunday Telegraph 'The arming of children is one of the greatest evils of the modern world, and yet we know so little about it because the children themselves are swallowed up by the very wars they are forced to wage. Ishmael Beah has not only emerged intact from this chaos, he has become one of its most eloquent chroniclers. “A Long Way Gone” is one of the most important war stories of our generation. We ignore its message at our peril.' Sebastian Junger 'A ferocious and desolate account of how ordinary children were turned into professional killers.' The Guardian 'Beah makes no excuses for his actions and is entirely lacking in self pity, but the honesty of his memoir reveals the full horror of a war in which the brutalisation of children was commonplace…Beah is a living testament to the endurance of the human spirit.' Sunday Times ‘Ishmael Beah has achieved the seemingly impossible task of helping us to imagine the reality behind the statistics by empathising with just one of the many thousands of children who are soldiers around the world – a remarkable book.’ The Guardian

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Book SynopsisThe second edition of Secret Intelligence: A Reader brings together key essays from the field of intelligence studies, blending classic works on concepts and approaches with more recent essays dealing with current issues and ongoing debates about the future of intelligence.Secret intelligence has never enjoyed a higher proïle. The events of 9/11, the conïicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, the missing WMD controversy, public debates over prisoner interrogation, together with the revelations of figures such as Edward Snowden, recent cyber attacks and the rise of 'hybrid warfare' have all contributed to make this a âhotâ subject over the past two decades.Aiming to be more comprehensive than existing books, and to achieve truly international coverage of the ïeld, this book provides key readings and supporting material for students and course convenors. It is divided into four main sections, each of which includes full summaries of each article, further reading suggestions and student questions:â The intelligence cycleâ Intelligence, counter-terrorism and securityâ Ethics, accountability and secrecyâ Intelligence and the new warfareThis new edition contains essays by leading scholars in the ïeld and will be essential reading for students of intelligence studies, strategic studies, international security and political science in general, and of interest to anyone wishing to understand the current relationship between intelligence and policy-making.Trade ReviewPraise for the First Edition:'This title fills a gap in the national security intelligence literature and is therefore a welcome addition to the bookshelves of scholars and practioners.' -- Hank Prunckun, Journal of the Australian Institute of Professional Intelligence Officers, Vol. 19, 2, 2011Table of ContentsIntroduction: What is intelligence? 1. Wanted: A definition of ‘intelligence’ Michael Warner 2. Ideas of intelligence: Divergent national concepts and institutions Philip Davies Part 1: The Intelligence Cycle Summary The collection of intelligence 3. Observations on Successful Espionage Joseph Wippl 4. All glory is fleeting: SIGINT and the fight against international terrorism Matthew Aid 5. Introducing Social Media Intelligence Sir David Omand, James Bartlett and Carl Miller 6. The Increasing Value of Open Source Stevyn Gibson The analysis of intelligence 7. Surprise despite warning: Why sudden attacks succeed R.K. Betts 8. Is Politicization Ever a Good Thing? Joshua Rovner Intelligence at the top: Producer-consumer linkage 9. American Presidents and their intelligence communities C.M Andrew 10. Squaring the circle: Dealing with intelligence-policy breakdowns K.L. Gardiner Liaison: International Intelligence co-operation 11. International intelligence co-operation: An inside perspective Stephen Lander 12. ‘Foreign Intelligence Liaison: Devils, Deals, and Details’ Jennifer Sims Part 2: Intelligence, Counter-Terrorism and Security Summary Intelligence and 9/11 13. The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks: A Failure of Policy Not Strategic Intelligence Analysis Stephen Marrin 14. Deja Vu? Comparing Pearl Harbor and September 11 James J. Wirtz Intelligence and WMD 15. Reports, politics, and intelligence failures: The case of Iraq Robert Jervis 16. British Intelligence Failures and Iraq John Morrison Security intelligence and counter-terrorism 17. Intelligence and strategy in the war on Islamist terrorism John R. Schindler 18. Intelligence in Northern Ireland B. Bamford Counter-intelligence 19. Counterintelligence: The broken triad Frederick L. Wettering 20. Delayed Disclosure: National Security, Whistle-Blowers and the Nature of Secrecy Richard J. Aldrich and Christopher Moran Part 3: Ethics, Accountability and Control Summary The problems of oversight and accountability 21. The British experience with intelligence accountability Mark Phythian 22. The role of news media in intelligence oversight Claudia Hillebrand The problem of surveillance and civil liberties 23. High policing in the security control society James Sheptycki 24. Needles in Haystacks: Law, Capability, Ethics, and Proportionality in Big Data Intelligence-Gathering Julian Richards Intelligence and ethics 25. Ethics and intelligence after September 2001 Michael Herman 26. 'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering Toni Erskine Torture and assassination 27. Can the torture of terrorist suspects be justified? Maureen Ramsay 28. Torture — The Case for Dirty Harry and against Alan Dershowitz Uwe Steinhoff Part 4: Intelligence and the New Warfare Summary Covert action 29. Covert action and the Pentagon Jennifer D Kibbe 30. Secret Intelligence, Covert Action and Clandestine Diplomacy Len Scott Intelligence, deception and military operations 31.Netcentric warfare, C4ISR and information operations John Ferris 32. The New Frontier: Cyberespionage and Cyberwar Lewis Herrington Intelligence, counter-insurgency and peacekeeping 33. Intelligence and Counter-insurgency Rory Cormac 34. Intelligence and UN peacekeeping Hugh Smith Reform and New Directions 35. Intelligence and the Global South; China, Africa and South America Zakia Shiraz and John Kasuku 36. Learning to live with intelligence Wesley K. Wark

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Book SynopsisThis book challenges the conventional security-based international policy frameworks that have developed for dealing with HIV/AIDS during and after conflicts, and examines first-hand evidence and experiences of conflict and HIV/AIDS.Since the turn of the century international policy agenda on security have focused on HIV/AIDS only as a concern for national and international security, ignoring people's particular experiences, vulnerabilities and needs in conflict and post-conflict contexts. Developing a gender-based framework for HIV/AIDS-conflict analysis, this book draws on research conducted in Burundi to understand the implications of post-conflict demobilization and reintegration policies on women and men and their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. By centring the argument on personal reflections, this work provides a critical alternative method to engage with conflict and HIV/AIDS, and a much richer understanding of the relationship between the two.InteTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. Context, Conflict and Expereinces 2. Gender Relations 3. Gender Relations in the Conflict 4. Discontents of Re-integration 5. HIV/AIDS in People’s Lives 6. International Expert Knowledge and Its Production 7. People’s Voices 8. Communities of Policy and Communities of Everyday Life Conclusion

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Book SynopsisExamination of media coverage of the current conflict in the Middle EastTrade Review'This superb study ... is extensive in scope, and scrupulously fair. It will be a landmark' -- Edward S. Herman, co-author (with Noam Chomsky) of Manufacturing Consent'Coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is often dangerously superficial. Bad News from Israel is a strong contribution to scholarship and public debate' -- John D.H. Downing, Director, Global Media Research Center, Southern Illinois University'Just about everything that we know about Israel/Palestine comes to us from our television screens. Bad News from Israel reveals remarkable levels of ignorance about what and why things are as they are' -- Professor Frank Webster, City University, London'A remarkable book' -- Professor Lucrecia Escudero Chauvel, Université de Lille III and Paris VIIITable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction Final Status map 1. Histories of the Conflict 2. Content Studies 2000-2002 3. Audience Studies 2001-2002 4. Why Does it Happen? 5. Conclusions on the 2000-2002 Content and Audience Samples 6. News Content and Explanations of the 2008-9 Gaza Attack 7. Audience Understanding of the Israeli Palestinian Conflict and the Gaza Attack 2008-9 8. The Attack on the Gaza Flotilla, 2010 9. Conclusions Appendices Notes References Index Conclusions Appendices Notes References Index

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Book SynopsisAlfred Thayer Mahan has been called Americaâs nineteenth-century âevangelist of sea powerâ and the intellectual father of the modern US Navy. His theories have a timeless appeal, and Chinese analysts now routinely invoke Mahanâs writings, exhorting their nation to build a powerful navy. Economics is the prime motivation for maritime reorientation, and securing the sea lanes that convey foreign energy supplies and other commodities now ranks near or at the top of Chinaâs list of military priorities. This book is the first systematic effort to test the interplay between Western military thought and Chinese strategic traditions vis-Ã-vis the nautical arena. It uncovers some universal axioms about how theories of sea power influence the behaviour of great powers and examines how Mahanian thought could shape Chinaâs encounters on the high seas. Empirical analysis adds a new dimension to the current debate over Chinaâs âriseâ and its importance for international relations. The findings also clarify the possible implications of Chinaâs maritime rise for the United States, and illuminate how the two powers can manage their bilateral interactions on the high seas.Chinese Naval Strategy in the 21st Century will be of much interest to students of naval history, Chinese politics and security studies.Table of ContentsPreface: Is History Bunk? 1. China Turns Seaward 2. Mahanian Sea-Power Theory and History 3. China Interprets Mahan 4. China’s Littoral Dilemma 5. Mahanian Sea Power with Chinese Characteristics 6. Commanding China’s Commons 7. Potential Futures for China’s Maritime Strategy 8. A Roadmap for Asian Maritime Stability

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Book SynopsisExamines Israel as a colonial society, making comparisons with South Africa, French Algeria and Australia.Trade Review'Veracini presents a thoughtful interpretation of the dynamics of colonialism, offering a clear framework within which to understand the Middle East crisis' -- The Middle East'This book portrays Israel as a settler society that can best be understood by comparing its development to apartheid South Africa, French Algeria and Australia' -- Middle East JournalTable of ContentsINTRODUCTION: COMPARING COLONIAL CONDITIONS 1. THE GEOGRAPHY OF UNILATERAL SEPARATION: ON ISRAELI APARTHEIDS a) Comparing Colonial Settler Projects b) The Bantustanisation of Palestinian Space c) The Racialisation of Palestinian Mobility 2. THE TROUBLE OF DECOLONIZATION: FRANCE/ALGERIA, ISRAEL/PALESTINE a) Comparing Wars of Decolonization b) Winning the Wars of Decolonization c) Narratives of the Wars of Decolonization 3. FOUNDING VIOLENCE AND SETTLER SOCIETY IN ISRAEL AND AUSTRALIA a) The ‘New’ Israeli History b) Australian History and Aboriginal History c) History Writing and Deadlocked Reconciliations CONCLUSION: IMPERIAL ENGAGEMENTS AND THE NEGOTIATION OF ISRAEL AND PALESTINE Endnotes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisNever before has such damning evidence of war crimes and crimes against humanity been revealed in the midst of a conflict. As civil war raged in Syria, we owe the disclosure of this evidence to one man. He goes under the codename of Caesar. This military police photographer was required to document the murder and torture of thousands of Syrian civilians in the custody of the Assad regime. Over the course of two years he used a police computer to copy the photos, and in 2013 he risked his life to smuggle out 53,000 photos and documents that show prisoners tortured, starved and burned to death. In January 2015, in the American magazine Foreign Affairs, President Bashar al-Assad claimed that this military photographer didn’t exist. “Who took the pictures? Who is he? Nobody knows. There is no verification of any of this evidence, so it’s all allegations without evidence.” Caesar exists. The author of this book has spent dozens of hours with him. His testimony is extraordinary, his photos shocking. The uncovering of the workings of the Syrian death machine that underpins his account is a descent into the unspeakable. In 2014 Caesar testified before the House Foreign Affairs Committee and his testimony provided crucial evidence for a bipartisan bill, the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act, that was presented to Congress in 2016. Caesar’s photos have also been shown in the United Nations Headquarters in New York and at the Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington D.C. For the first time, this book tells Caesar’s story.Trade ReviewThe winner of the Geschwister Scholl Prize"The images conjure memories of some of history's worst atrocities."The New York Times"The Syrian defector known as 'Caesar'… helped expose some of the worst war crimes of our generation."The Washington Post"Shocking evidence of torture out of Assad's dungeons" The Guardian"Caesar has offered us a glimpse of another Holocaust, occurring today, right under our noses, and we looked away."The Times Table of Contents Prologue Locations where the witnesses of this book were detained List of Syrians who bear witness in this book Foreword – Steven Heydeman Preface 1. Revelation. Testimony. Accusation 2. Profession Corpse Photographer 3. The Routine Turns to Horror 4. The Archives of Death 5. Communities and Religions 6. Caught in the Crossfire 7. With the Families of the Disappeared 8. A Duty to Get Out Alive 9. The Failure of Gradual Diplomacy 10. Testimony in Washington Appendices Acknowledgements Select Bibliography

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Book SynopsisSince 1964, Colombia has been embroiled in internal armed conflict among guerrilla groups, paramilitary militias, and the country’s own military. Civilians in Colombia face a range of abuses from all sides, including killings, disappearances and rape—and more than four million have been forced to flee their homes. The oral histories in Throwing Stones at the Moon describe the most widespread of Colombia’s human rights crises: forced displacement. Speakers recount life before displacement, the reasons for their flight, and their struggle to rebuild their lives.NARRATORS INCLUDE:MARIA VICTORIA, whose fight against corruption as a hospital union leader led to a brutal attempt on her life. In 2009, assassins tracked her to her home and stabbed her seven times in the face and chest. Since the attack, Julia has undergone eight facial reconstructive surgeries, and continues to live in hiding.DANNY, who at eighteen joined a right-wing paramilitary’s training camp. Initially lured by the promise of quick money, Danny soon realized his mistake and escaped to Ecuador. He describes his harrowing escape and his struggle to survive as a refugee with two young children to support.Trade Review"Here are the real and unforgettable voices of Colombia’s long nightmare. They tell us of normal lives shattered by trauma, suffering, violence, and redeemed by love, resilience, courage or hard-earned wisdom. I read these oral tales with a knot in my stomach, frightened and moved, and finally amazed by this lesson: when people find the strength to tell us what has happened to them, no matter how horrendous, a terrible yet universal beauty somehow emerges, always casting light on the mystery of being human."—Francisco Goldman, author of Say Her Name "Outside the U.S. media's lights and whir, the largest crisis in the world of forced displacement from home is taking place in Colombia. Throwing Stones at the Moon makes it personal through these narratives of loved and difficult life, vivid and specific to Colombia's places and to the families torn and struggling amid the long war. Brodzinsky and Schoening convey these people's tender and bitter stories, of resilience and loss, of cruelty and solidarity, in their own full voices. Stories that don't end with an act of violence, but that call out for compassion, and for justice."—John Lindsay-Poland, Director for Latin America and the Caribbean of the Fellowship for Reconciliation "Poignant."—Kirkus "Human rights journalists Brodzinsky and Schoening geographically organize intimate oral histories from individuals living through pervasive violence among Colombia's drug cartels, military forces, and rebels. Often astonishing quotes double as headings...piquing readers' curiosity and conscience...Readers concerned with human rights and Latin American politics will find this account of violence and survival both sad and inspiring."—Publishers Weekly

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Book SynopsisThe 19921995 battle for Sarajevo was the longest siege in modern history. It was also the most internationalized, attracting a vast contingent of aid workers, UN soldiers, journalists, smugglers, and embargo-busters. The city took center stage under an intense global media spotlight, becoming the most visible face of post-Cold War conflict and humanitarian intervention. However, some critical activities took place backstage, away from the cameras, including extensive clandestine trading across the siege lines, theft and diversion of aid, and complicity in the black market by peacekeeping forces.In Blue Helmets and Black Markets, Peter Andreas traces the interaction between these formal front-stage and informal backstage activities, arguing that this created and sustained a criminalized war economy and prolonged the conflict in a manner that served various interests on all sides. Although the vast majority of Sarajevans struggled for daily survival and lived in a state Trade ReviewBlue Helmets and Black Markets provides a template for analyzing international interventions, suggesting that looking beyond the standard actors and actions yields some significant insights. * International Studies Review *Andreas does not deny the suffering or the heroism of those caught in the siege of Sarajevo or the deadly earnestness of those who maintained it. But he wants to make this savage tale whole by exposing corruption's part in exploiting and sustaining the violence. Andreas, with prose as lean as his analysis is rich, avoids moral judgments and focuses instead on the two-sided aspects of this sort of war: the illicit commerce between the warring parties, the profiteering by politicians struggling to save a community, the indulgences of outside agencies sent to help the victims. * Foreign Affairs *In this provocative study, Andreas examines the unexpected consequences of humanitarian intervention.... Drawing on extensive interviews, diaries, and memoirs of participants, and newspaper accounts, among other sources, Andreas argues that the internationalization of the siege paradoxically prolonged the conflict. Humanitarian assistance the international community provided to the people of Sarajevo became incorporated into the criminalized war economy that flourished in the besieged city.... The study also reveals the much more complex social dynamics that emerged and flourished during the conflict. In particular, far from severing ties between ethnic groups, the war economy sustained informal contacts and cross-ethnic collaboration in the midst of conflict. Andreas argues that the example of Sarajevo strongly suggests that uncovering the hidden dynamics of war economies is important because their legacies outlast a conflict's end and continue to shape postconflict reconstruction. Highly recommended. * Choice *Table of ContentsPreface1. The Longest Siege Sarajevo on Center Stage The Cast of Characters Front Stage and Backstage: Formal and Informal Roles Conflict Narratives Criminalized Conflict Narratives Preview2. Imposing the Siege The Road to Siege Warfare The Start of the Siege and the Criminally Aided Defense The International Response3. Sustaining the Siege Diverting and Manipulating Humanitarian Aid Exploiting the Privileges of Mobility and Access The UN-Controlled Airport as Smuggling Hub Tunneling under the Siege: Lifeline and Profit Center Trading with the Enemy The Media and Its Dependence on the Black Market The Money Letter Smuggling System The Smugglers' Markets and Cigarettes as Currency4. The Siege Within Criminal Defenders as Predators Political Corruption, Abuse, and Opportunism Obstructing Access to Water5. Lifting the Siege Front Stage:Triggering NATO Air Strikes Backstage: Shifting the Military Balance by Evading the UN Arms Embargo6. Aftermath The Criminalized Aftermath of War The Criminalized New Elite Sarajevo as Transit Point for Migrant Smuggling Sex Trafficking and Peacekeeping The Arizona Market: Peace through Illicit Trade?7. Extensions Srebrenica Leningrad Grozny FallujaConclusions Revisiting Sarajevo Lessons from SarajevoNotes Index

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Book SynopsisRape is common during wartime, but even within the context of the same war, some armed groups perpetrate rape on a massive scale while others never do. In Rape during Civil War Dara Kay Cohen examines variation in the severity and perpetrators of rape using an original dataset of reported rape during all major civil wars from 1980 to 2012. Cohen also conducted extensive fieldwork, including interviews with perpetrators of wartime rape, in three postconflict counties, finding that rape was widespread in the civil wars of the Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste but was far less common during El Salvador''s civil war.Cohen argues that armed groups that recruit their fighters through the random abduction of strangers use rapeand especially gang rapeto create bonds of loyalty and trust between soldiers. The statistical evidence confirms that armed groups that recruit using abduction are more likely to perpetrate rape than are groups that use voluntary methods, even controlling for other Trade ReviewBrilliant, groundbreaking.... [Cohen’s] ability to address this difficult subject in a way that is analytical and sensitive, and to point to clear policy prescriptions that could apply her findings to very practical solutions to the problem of wartime rape is admirable. Cohen’s approach to generating new data through innovative and careful methodologies is one that future scholars who want to study rape and other sensitive topics should follow. Rape During Civil War is an agenda-setting book, a model of high-quality scholarship and a must-read for anyone interested in stopping rape in conflict before it happens. * The Washington Post *[Cohen's] achievement is to shift the debate away from the question of whether rape most often occurs as a result of a deliberate military strategy, ethnic hatred, or simple opportunism and to instead focus on what she calls 'combatant socialization.' * Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsIntroduction: The Puzzle of Rape in Civil War1. The Logic of Wartime Rape2. Research Strategy, Cross-National Evidence (1980-2012), and Statistical Tests3. Mass Rape by Rebel Actors: Sierra Leone (1991-2002)4. Mass Rape by State Actors: Timor-Leste (1975-1999)5. Less Frequent Rape in Wartime: El Salvador (1980-1992)Conclusion: Understanding and Preventing Rape during Civil War

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Book SynopsisThe unfolding crisis in Ukraine has brought the world to the brink of a new Cold War. As Russia and Ukraine tussle for Crimea and the eastern regions, relations between Putin and the West have reached an all-time low. How did we get here? Richard Sakwa here unpicks the context of conflicted Ukrainian identity and of Russo-Ukrainian relations and traces the path to the recent disturbances through the events which have forced Ukraine, a country internally divided between East and West, to choose between closer union with Europe or its historic ties with Russia. In providing the first full account of the ongoing crisis, Sakwa analyses the origins and significance of the Euromaidan Protests, examines the controversial Russian military intervention and annexation of Crimea, reveals the extent of the catastrophe of the MH17 disaster and looks at possible ways forward following the October 2014 parliamentary elections. In doing so, he explains the origins, developments and global significanceTable of ContentsNote on Transliteration and Translation Preface Maps Countdown to Confrontation Two Europes Ukraine Contested The February Revolution The Crimean Gambit When History Comes Calling The Novorossiya Rebellion Worlds in Collision Frontline Politics The Future of Ukraine List of Abbreviations Notes Select Biography Index

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Book SynopsisIn this haunting, probing book, an award-winning journalist interviews ordinary Kashmiris about the tales of war told in their homesand shaping their communities.

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Book SynopsisA contemporary history of political violence and grassroots struggles in Syria since 2011Trade Review'A forceful critique of the distorted narratives about Syria prevalent in the West’ -- Democratic LeftTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. Necropolitics: The Taxonomies of Death in Syria 2. The Geography of Death in Aleppo 3. Nation Against State: Popular Nationalism and the Syrian Uprising 4. The Politics of Bread and Micropolitical Resistance 5. Participatory Democracy and Micropolitics in Manbij: An Unthinkable Revolution Conclusion Notes Index

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Book SynopsisKeith Lowe''s Savage Continent is an awe-inspiring portrait of how Europe emerged from the ashes of WWII.The end of the Second World War saw a terrible explosion of violence across Europe. Prisoners murdered jailers. Soldiers visited atrocities on civilians. Resistance fighters killed and pilloried collaborators. Ethnic cleansing, civil war, rape and murder were rife in the days, months and years after hostilities ended. Exploring a Europe consumed by vengeance, Savage Continent is a shocking portrait of an until-now unacknowledged time of lawlessness and terror.Praise for Savage Continent:''Deeply harrowing, distinctly troubling. Moving, measured and provocative. A compelling and plausible picture of a continent physically and morally brutalized by slaughter'' Dominic Sandbrook, Sunday Times''Excellent'', Independent ''Unbearable but essential. A serious account of things we never knew and our fathers would rather forget. Lowe''s transparent prose makes it difficult to look away from a whole catalogue of horrors...you won''t sleep afterwards. Such good history it keeps all the questions boiling in your mind'', ScotsmanKeith Lowe is widely recognized as an authority on the Second World War, and has often spoken on TV and radio, both in Britain and the United States. He is the author of the critically acclaimed Inferno: The Devastation of Hamburg, 1943 (Penguin). He lives in north London with his wife and two children.Trade ReviewGrimly absorbing, conveys the pity of war and its sorry aftermath with integrity and proper sympathy -- Ian Thomson * Sunday Telegraph *Moving, measured and provocative -- Dominic Sandbrook * Sunday Times *Extraordinary...exceptional...reveals a continent where moral values were often missing and basically lawlessness prevailed for several years -- Trevor James * The Historian *Savage Continent is a powerful and disturbing book, painstakingly researched and written with both authority and an impressive historical sweep -- James HollandA major new historical talent has arrived... a brilliantly organised and scrupulously objective survey of a continent on the floor * BBC History Magazine *An excellent account...Lowe's vivid descriptions of Europeans scrambling for scraps of food, rampant theft and 'destruction of morals' are a timely reminder that a certain humility is in order when we look at less fortunate continents today. -- Brendan Simms * The Independent *Impressive and heart-rendering study...Lowe marshals all the elements of the story with cool even-handedness, especially where statistics are concerned, and explains how subsequent generations have manipulated the historical record to suit their own purposes, either to diminish their guilt or demonise others. -- Christopher Silvester * Daily Express *Extraordinary, disturbing and powerful ... it is to Lowe's great credit that he resists the temptation to sit in moral judgment ... it is time we acknowledged the hidden realities of perhaps the darkest chapter in all human history * Daily Mail *Graphic and chilling. This excellent book paints a little-known and frightening picture of a continent in the embrace of lawlessness and chaos -- Ian Kershaw

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the evolving role of land forces, paying particular attention to the changes that have taken place in the art of commanding and executing combat, as well as the role of rapid technological innovation and information dissemination in shaping warfare.Table of ContentsDr Meir Finkel: Foreword 1: Dr Mikael Weissmann and Dr Niklas Nilsson: Approaching Land Warfare in the 21st Century Part 1: Land Warfare 2: Dr Christopher Tuck: The Future of Manoeuvre Warfare 3: Dr Niklas Nilsson: Commanding Contemporary and Future Land Operations: What Role for Mission Command? 4: Dr Christopher Kinsey and Colonel Ronald Ti: Combat Logistics in the 21st Century: Enabling the mobility, endurance, and sustainment of NATO land forces in a future major conflict 5: Jim Storr: The Command of Land Forces 6: BA Friedman and Henrik Paulsson: Tactical Tenets: Checklists or Toolboxes 7: Dr Mikael Weissmann: Urban Warfare: Challenges of Military Operations on Tomorrow's Battlefield 8: Dr Jack Watling: Emerging Technologies: From Concept to Capability 9: Air Commodore (Rtd) Andrew Curtis: Interoperability Challenges in an era of Systemic Competition 10: Dr Tua Sandman: The moral component of fighting: Bringing society back in 11: Gen (Rtd) Professor Martin CM Bricknell: Military Health Services supporting the Land Component in the 21st Century Part 2: Case studies 12: Dr Bruce I. Gudmundsson: The Operational Cultures of American Ground Forces 13: Brad Marvel: 1. People's Liberation Army Operations and Tactics in the Land Domain: Informationized to Intelligentized Warfare 14: Dr Markus Balázs Göransson: A Strategy of Limited Actions: Russia's Ground-Based Forces in Syria 15: Dr Eado Hechet and Dr Eitan Shamir: The Role of Israel's Ground Forces in Israel's Wars 16: Dr Alex Neads and Professor David J. Galbreath: Tactics and Trade-Offs: The Evolution of Manoeuvre in the British Army 17: Dr Olivier Schmitt and Dr Elie Tenenbaum: Caught between a rock and a hard place: the French army, expeditionary warfare and the return of strategic competition 18: Scott Boston: Trends in the Land Warfare Capability of Poland and the Visegrad States, 1991-2021 Conclusions 19: Dr Mikael Weissmann and Dr Niklas Nilsson: Towards a versatile edge: Developing land forces for future conflict

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Book SynopsisAlgeria sits at the crossroads of the Atlantic, European, Arab, and African worlds. Yet, unlike the wars in Korea and Vietnam, Algeria''s fight for independence has rarely been viewed as an international conflict. Even forty years later, it is remembered as the scene of a national drama that culminated with Charles de Gaulle''s decision to grant Algerians their independence despite assassination attempts, mutinies, and settler insurrection. Yet, as Matthew Connelly demonstrates, the war the Algerians fought occupied a world stage, one in which the U.S. and the USSR, Israel and Egypt, Great Britain, Germany, and China all played key roles. Recognizing the futility of confronting France in a purely military struggle, the Front de Libération Nationale instead sought to exploit the Cold War competition and regional rivalries, the spread of mass communications and emigrant communities, and the proliferation of international and non-governmental organizations. By harnessing the forces of nasTrade Review"In concentrating on the international dimension, Connelly weaves into his story the changing roles of the United States, Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia; the ebb and flow of FLN relations with the soviet bloc; and much more." --Foreign Affairs"This extensively researched study will provide extremely valuable information to scholars of decolonization, and represents a major contribution to the history of what one of the belligerent parties, France, only officially recognized as a war in October 1999."--Journal of Military History'a fine new volume by Matthew Connelly...Matthew Connelly's main offering is important and new: the international dimensions of the insurgency were not tertiary or secondary, as often depicted but primary... with almost 300 pages of text and then extensive supportive notes and bibliography, this substantial book offers much to ponder...The many pleasures of this book include pen portraits of the various cities in which Bourqueney served; the descriptions of the splendour and squalor of Contstantinople and Vienna are particularly striking...It is written with zest and pace,and is packed full of insights about diplomacy across the continent as the European 'concert', and Bourqueney's career, developed and ultimately failed. * Geoffrey Hicks, University of East Anglia, Norwich,Diplomacy and Statecraft *Table of ContentsPART THREE: WAGING THE ALGERIAN WAR AS A WORLD WAR, 1956-1958; PART FOUR: WAGING THE ALGERIAN WAR AS A WORLD WAR, 1958-1960; PART FIVE: THE DOMESTICATION OF THE ALGERIAN QUESTION, 1960-1962; CONCLUSION: THE SENSE OF HISTORY

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Book SynopsisOn February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence, becoming the seventh state to emerge from the break-up of the former Yugoslavia. A tiny country of just two million people, 90% of whom are ethnic Albanians, Kosovo is central - geographically, historically, and politically - to the future of the Western Balkans and, in turn, its potential future within the European Union. But the fate of both Kosovo, condemned by Serbian leaders as a fake state and the region as a whole, remains uncertain. In Kosovo: What Everyone Needs to Know, Tim Judah provides a straight-forward guide to the complicated place that is Kosovo. Judah, who has spent years covering the region, offers succinct, penetrating answers to a wide range of questions: Why is Kosovo important? Who are the Albanians? Who are the Serbs? Why is Kosovo so important to Serbs? What role does Kosovo play in the region and in the world? Judah reveals how things stand now and presents the history and geopolitical dynamics that have led to it. The most important of these is the question of the right to self-determination, invoked by the Kosovo Albanians, as opposed to right of territorial integrity invoked by the Serbs. For many Serbs, Kosovo's declaration of independence and subsequent recognition has been traumatic, a savage blow to national pride. Albanians, on the other hand, believe their independence rights an historical wrong: the Serbian conquest (Serbs say liberation) of Kosovo in 1912. For anyone wishing to understand both the history and possible future of Kosovo at this pivotal moment in its history, this book offers a wealth of insight and information in a uniquely accessible format.Trade Review"A straightforward guide to the history and geopolitics of Kosovo and the first book on the country since its declaration of independence in February this year."--The Economist "Packs a surprising amount of nuance into a slim volume... a solid introduction to an important topic."--Booklist "Judah does a commendable job of telling the dense story in an understandable fashion. Because the region changes so quickly, an up-to-date history like this is welcome."--Library Journal "[A] concise and updated version of his longer and more detailed history published in 2000...Judah's short history of Kosovo is a fair and sympathetic account of an impossible situation..."--New York Review of BooksTable of ContentsPreface: Why Kosovo? ; Albanians ; Serbs ; Creating History ; From Dardania to Yugoslavia ; Kosovo in Yugoslavia ; From the Golden Age to the Memorandum ; The Milosevic-Rugova Years ; The War ; Kosovo after 1999 ; March 2004 and the Ahtisaari Plan ; Kosovo and the Region ; Kosovo and the World ; Not the Last Chapter: Independence

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewMalkasian offers a nonpareil history of a war that initially was viewed as one of necessity but increasingly became one of choice. His book sets the standard for all future works that will examine the causes and nature of yet another unhappy American military adventure on the mainland of Asia. * Dov S. Zakheim, Senior Advisor at CSIS and a Vice Chairman of the Foreign Policy Research Institute, PRISM *This substantial text is well written and supported by almost 100 pages of notes and references. Offering a rather complete overview of the US failure, this is a must read for anyone interested in the mistakes made in Afghanistan. * G. M. Farr, CHOICE *The book allows Afghans to tell their own story, and their voices are present throughout. The author spent significant amounts of time in Afghanistan and communicated with all strata of society, and as a result this book is one of the very few that is truly authoritative on the subject ... it will become a valuable addition to the academic literature on Afghanistan by giving space to Afghans' voice and agency within its rigorous academic research structure. * Georgi Asatryan and Jack Kalpakian, International Affairs *...compelling... * Christina Lamb, Foreign Affairs *Table of ContentsChapter One: Thinking About America's War in Afghanistan Chapter Two: The Country and Peoples of Afghanistan Chapter Three: The First Taliban Regime Chapter Four: The United States Enters Afghanistan Chapter Five: The Karzai Regime Chapter Six: Disorder in Kandahar Chapter Seven: The Taliban Offensive Chapter Eight: A Second Taliban Regime, 2007-2010 Chapter Nine: The War in the East Chapter Ten: Kandahar City and Lashkar Gah Chapter Eleven: The New Administration and the Surge Chapter Twelve: The Surge in Helmand Chapter Thirteen: The Surge in Kandahar Chapter Fourteen: End of the Surge Chapter Fifteen: Ghazni and the East Chapter Sixteen: The new army and police, insider attacks, and the bilateral security agreement Chapter Seventeen: The 2014 Elections Chapter Eighteen: The Taliban Offensives of 2015 and 2016 Chapter Nineteen: The Trump Administration Chapter Twenty: Peace Talks Chapter Twenty-One: Looking Back on Eighteen Years of War in Afghanistan References Notes Index

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Book SynopsisThe most detailed and comprehensive examination to show how tiny Israel grew to be a global civil and military cyber power and offer the first detailed proposal for an Israeli National Cyber Strategy.Israel is the subject of numerous cyber attacks from foreign adversaries. As a consequence, it has built an extremely sophisticated cyber security system. Indeed, Israel is now regarded as one of the top cyber powers in the world. In Israel and the Cyber Threat, Charles D. (Chuck) Freilich, Matthew S. Cohen, and Gabi Siboni provide a detailed and comprehensive study of Israel''s cyber strategy, tracing it from its origins to the present. They analyze Israel''s highly advanced civil and military cyber capabilities and organizational structures to offer insights into what other countries can learn from Israel''s experience. To achieve this, they explore how and why Israel has been able to build a remarkable cyber ecosystem and turn itself, despite its small size, into a global cyber power. TTrade ReviewCyber has become the equivalent of a silent nuclear weapon, the ultimate weapon that can simply take countries apart. Israel has a remarkable story to tell in the cyber realm, civil and military, and this ground-breaking study tells it better than any other. A must read for anyone interested in cyber and Israel. * Tamir Pardo, former Head of Mossad *Cyber has become one of the top threats facing Israel today and it has built a remarkable civil cyber ecosystem and strong military capabilities in response. This book is the most comprehensive, exhaustive and up-to-date analysis of the issue, with critically important conclusions and recommendations for policy. Highly recommended. * Gadi Eisenkot, former Chief of Staff, Israel Defense forces *This book is the result of detailed research about Israel's cyber arena, from its early steps to its current global lead, a story about people, strategies and politics. As one who led part of this story, wrote about it and supported this research effort, it is essential reading for scholars. * Eviatar Matania, founding head of Israel National Cyber Directorate and co-author of Cybermania *This is a startling, comprehensive, and deeply researched look at one of the top cybersecurity programs in the world. Israel is easily among the top five countries in terms of capability and depth of research, and this volume is a gold standard of accuracy and judgement. * Admiral James Stavridis, 16th Supreme Allied Commander at NATO and author of 2034: A Novel of the Next World War *This book is a pioneering contribution to the nascent field of comparative cyber studies. It will be the authoritative reference on cybersecurity in Israel for years to come. The authors draw on impressive detail, grounded in practical experience, to show how Israel's unique strategic culture informs its cyber policies. * Jon R. Lindsay, Associate Professor, Georgia Institute of Technology, and author of Information Technology and Military Power *Suffice it to say that Freilich, Cohen and Siboni's book...Their work, in short, is a must read for anyone, professional or layperson, interested in this particular dimension of Israel's national security experience. * David Rodman, Israel Affairs *Israel and the Cyber Threat is a timely book that deserves a wide audience in the United States and its allies. * Emily O. Goldman, Lawfare *For those looking for a detailed strategic and pragmatic approach to cybersecurity, this is their book. * RSA Conference *Table of ContentsList of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements Bios Glossary Prologue Introduction Part I: My Home is No Longer My Castle; the Global Cyber Threat Chapter 1: Understanding the Global Cyber Threat Chapter 2: Primary Cyber Attacks Around the World Chapter 3: Goldilocks and Other Cyber Quandaries Part II: War by Other Means; the Cyber Threat to Israel Chapter 4: The Overall Cyber Threat to Israel Chapter 5: The Iranian Cyber Threat Part III: A Napkin That Changed History; Israel's Cyber Response Chapter 6: Strategic Culture and National Security Strategy Chapter 8: National Capacity Building Chapter 9: International Cyber Cooperation Chapter 10: The Military Cyber Strategy Part IV: The Way Forward Chapter 11: Conclusions - and Some Answers to the Cyber Quandaries Chapter 12: A Comprehensive Israeli Cyber Strategy Appendix: Types of Cyber-Attacks List of Interviews Bibliography Footnotes Index

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Book SynopsisThe Law of Non-International Armed Conflict brings together and critically analyses the disparate conventional, customary, and soft law relating to non-international armed conflict. All the relevant bodies of international law are considered, including international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and international human rights law. The book traces the changes to the legal framework applicable to non-international armed conflict from ad hoc regulation in the nineteenth and early twentieth century, to systematic regulation through the 1949 Geneva Conventions and 1977 Additional Protocols, to the transformation of the law in the mid-1990s. Armed conflicts ranging from the US civil war, the Algerian War of Independence, and the attempted secession of Biafra, through to the current conflicts in the Colombia, the Philippines, and Sudan are all considered.The identification and analysis of the law is complemented by a consideration of the practice, allowing both violations of, Trade Review[Professor Sandesh Sivakumaran] examines the genesis of this novel, interdisciplinary body of law and the way ahead, thereby contributing with a major piece of work in a field . . . that greatly needed further research. * Roberta Arnold, Israel Law Review *The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict is an essential contribution to an area much in need of clarification. In addition to offering a comprehensive elaboration of the current law in this area, it also explores the more foundational questions that will be of interest to any general international lawyer, such as the methodology of customary law formation and the varied sources of the relevant norms. It is to be hoped that Professor Sivakumarans proposal of a new instrument to bind non-state armed groups can be taken forward, with a view to achieving greater compliance with the law in situations that all too often witness the most violent fratricidal clashes. * Lawrence Hill-Cawthorne, Australian Year Book of International Law *...the book of our time on the law of non-international armed conflict. * Claus Kreß, British Yearbook of International Law *This is a rich and lengthy book. It is also courageous: Sivakumaran does not shy away from discussing some of the most debatable issues in international humanitarian law. * Noam Zamir, Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law *Table of ContentsPART I: REGULATING NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS; PART II: THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT; PART III: MOVING FORWARD

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Book SynopsisInternational law has long differentiated between international and non-international armed conflicts, traditionally regulating the former far more comprehensively than the latter. This is particularly stark in the case of detention, where the law of non-international armed conflict contains no rules on who may be detained, what processes must be provided to review their detention, and when they must be released. Given that non-international armed conflicts are now the most common form of conflict, this is especially worrying, and the consequences of this have been seen in the detention practices of states such as the US and UK in Iraq and Afghanistan. This book provides a comprehensive examination of the procedural rules that apply to detention in non-international armed conflict, with the focus on preventive security detention, or ''internment''. All relevant areas of international law, most notably international humanitarian law and international human rights law, are analysed in deTable of ContentsPART I: CONTEXT ; PART II: INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW ; PART III: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW ; PART IV: DEVELOPING THE LAW

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Book SynopsisAzar Gat sets out to resolve one of the age-old questions of human existence: why people fight and can they stop. Spanning warfare from prehistory to the 21st century, the book shows that, neither an irresistible drive nor a cultural invention, deadly violence and warfare have figured prominently in our behavioural toolkit since the dawn of our species. People have always alternated between cooperation, peaceful competition, and violence to attain evolution-shaped human desires. A marked shift in the balance between these options has occurred since the onset of the industrial age. Rather than modern war becoming more costly (it hasn''t), it is peace that has become more rewarding. Scrutinizing existing theories concerning the decline of war - such as the ''democratic peace'' and ''capitalist peace'' - Gat shows that they in fact partake of a broader Modernization Peace that has been growing since 1815. By now, war has disappeared within the world''s most developed areas. Finally, Gat explains why the Modernization Peace has been disrupted in the past, as during the two World Wars, and how challenges to it may still arise. They include claimants to alternative modernity - such as China and Russia - anti-modernists, and failed modernizers that may spawn terrorism, potentially unconventional. While the world has become more peaceful than ever before, there is still much to worry about in terms of security and no place for complacency.Trade ReviewIt would be a welcome addition to any military history or international relations syllabus lacking an accessible and thought-provoking text on the causes of war... Highly recommended * CHOICE *Gat's book is a very well-informed, well-argued and an agreeable to read discussion of the causes of war and the causes of the spread of peace. Though primarily of interest to political theorists working on the subject of war, it may also be of interest to philosopher working on the question of war, especially to philosophers who, rather than engaging in ever more sophisticated thought-experiments, prefer to develop a more general philosophical theory of war. * Norbert Campagna, Ethical Perspectives *Azar Gat is among the most brilliant of historians of war, with a masterful command of history and biology, and a gift for combining them to provide deep and revelatory insight. War has long been considered an enigma of the human condition, but after reading this book you will feel that you understand it. * Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor of Psychology, Harvard University, and author of How the Mind Works and The Better Angels of Our Nature *Exhilarating - it makes clear and brave statements rather than hedging contentious matters... * Sir Paul Collier, Professor of Economics and Public Policy, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford *Table of ContentsPREFACE: WHY WAR? THE UNSOLVED MYSTERY; PAST IMPERFECT: PREHISTORY AND HISTORY; FLAWS AND MISCONCEPTIONS IN DISCIPLINARY GRAND THEORIES; THE MODERNIZATION PEACE; CONCLUSION

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Book SynopsisThrough a combination of detailed case studies of humanitarian emergencies and thematic chapters which cover key concepts, actors and activities, this book explores the work of the largest international humanitarian agencies.Trade ReviewThis would be an excellent textbook in an upper-division undergraduate or graduate course on current approaches to humanitarian responses. Researchers and practitioners can draw a great deal from the array of recent literature included in this book. Well organized and written, this book deserves a wide audience. * Choice *Table of Contents1: Introduction: Humanitarian Emergencies Part one: Case studies Introduction to part one: A Brief History of Modern Humanitarian Action 2: The Nigerian Civil War, 1967-70 3: Drought and Famine in Ethiopia, 1983-85 4: The Bosnian War, 1992-95 5: Genocide in Rwanda and its Aftermath, 1994-96 6: Afghanistan, 2001-14 7: The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 8: Sri Lanka, 2008-09 9: Haiti Earthquake, 2010 10: Famine in Somalia, 2011-12 11: Ebola in West Africa, 2014-15 12: The 2015-16 European

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Book SynopsisConflict attracts a great deal of attention--as much or more than any other element of human life. People generally dislike it, and try to prevent and avoid it as much as possible. So why do clashes of right and wrong occur? And why are some clashes worse than others? In Moral Time, Donald Black shows how changes in intimacy (friends or strangers?), inequality (rich or poor?), and cultural diversity (Christian or Jew?) all determine when conflict happens. A reduction of closeness or a display of disrespect alters a relationship, for example, and the greater and faster the change, the more likely conflict will ensue. Throughout the book, Black applies his theory to an astounding range of human behavior, from bad manners to crime and warfare, accusations of witchcraft, racism, and anti-Semitism, conflict about creativity in science and art. Written in Black''s trademark straightforward style, Moral Time is a powerful and incisive new take on conflict--a fundamental and inescapable featurTrade ReviewWhile sociologists focused on power and resources might suggest that there is more than this underlying conflict, this book offers an intriguing set of social dynamics for theorists to engage. * Steven Hitlin, University of Iowa, Social Forces Journal *Table of Contents1. Introduction: The Nature of Social Time-The Origin of Conflict ; Part One: Relational Time ; 2. Overintimacy: Overinvolvement-Overexposure ; 3. Underintimacy: Underinvolvement-Underexposure ; Part Two: Vertical Time ; 4. Overstratification: Oversuperiority-Overinferiority ; 5. Understratification: Undersuperiority-Underinferiority ; Part Three: Cultural Time ; 6. Overdiversity: Overtraditionalism-Overinnovation ; 7. Underdiversity: Undertraditionalism-Underinnovation ; Conclusion: The Geometry of Social Time-Tribal Time-Modern Time-Postmodern Time

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Book SynopsisPakistan''s army has dominated the state for most of its 66 years. It has locked the country in an enduring rivalry with India to revise the maps in Kashmir and to resist India''s slow but inevitable rise. To prosecute these dangerous policies, the army employs non-state actors under the security of its ever-expanding nuclear umbrella. The Pakistan army started three wars with India over Kashmir in 1947, 1965, and 1999 and failed to win any of them. It has sustained a proxy war in Kashmir since 1989 using Islamist militants, some of whom have now turned their guns against the Pakistani state. The Pakistan army has supported non-Islamist insurgencies throughout India as well as a country-wide Islamist terror campaign that have brought the two countries to the brink of war on several occasions. Despite Pakistan''s efforts to coerce India, it has only achieved modest successes. Even though India vivisected Pakistan in 1971, Pakistan continues to see itself as India''s equal and demands thTrade Reviewshe concentrates on the international dimensions of the policies pursued by the Pakistani army and the implications that this has forregional and international security. * Katharine Adeney, Political Studies Review *A provocative but historically justified look at the security narrative scribed and fiercely protected by the Pakistan military since its 1947 inception. * Thomas F. Lynch III, Book of the year 2014, The War on the Rocks *Fairs book, based on a meticulous analysis of literature published by Pakistans military, persuasively demonstrates that the delusions of grandeur which drive the countrys security establishment are rooted in fatal distortions of history. * Kapil Komireddi, Book of the year 2014, New Republic *the book represents a valuable contribution to the literature. It has been deeply and thoroughly researched, with an extensive analysis of the official documents of the Pakistan army previously overlooked by scholarship on the subject. * Filippo Boni, Commonwealth and Comparative Politics *a very important work which should be made available to as wide an audience as possible * R. F. Rosner, The Royal Society for Asian Affairs *Christine Fair has produced the definitive intellectual biography of the Pakistan army, which will be necessary reading for anyone interested in the country or South Asia as a whole. * Walter C. Ladwig III, War in History Book *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments ; Chapter 1. Introduction ; The Argument: Explaining Pakistan's Persistent Revisionism In the Face of Repeated Defeats ; Organization of this Volume ; Chapter 2. Can Strategic Culture Explain the Pakistan Army's Persistent Revisionism? ; Pakistan's Enduring and Expanding Revisionism ; Explaining Persistent Revisionism ; Strategic Culture Wars ; Pakistan: An Army with a Country ; Reproducing Culture: Recruitment in the Pakistan Army ; Methods and Sources of this Study ; Chapter 3. Born an Insecure State ; Cracking the Raj ; Imagining Pakistan ; The Problem of the Princely States ; Untangling the Punjab ; Breaking Up the Indian Army ; Historical Legacies: A Punjabi Army ; Building a Modern Army ; Table 2.1: Corps and Locations ; Implications for the Pakistan Army's Strategic Culture ; Chapter 4. The Army's Defense of Pakistan's 'Ideological Frontiers' ; The Ideology of Pakistan ; The Army's Embrace of the Ideology of Pakistan ; The Army's Methods of Islamization ; The Army's Instrumentalization of Islam ; Implications ; Chapter 5. Pakistan's Quest for Strategic Depth ; British Management of the Frontier: The Great Game ; Pakistan's Army Seeks Strategic Depth: Managing Pakistan's Frontier and Beyond ; The Army Manages the Afghan Threat ; The Rise and Fall of the Taliban ; The Army's and the Internal Threat on the 'Frontier' ; Implications: Is the Past Prologue for Afghanistan and the Frontier? ; Chapter 6. India under the Pakistan Army's Gaze ; Multiple Crises and Four Wars ; India: Through the Eyes of the Pakistan Army ; Conclusions and Implications ; Chapter 7. Seeking Security through Alliances ; Pursuing the Americans: An Alliance for Survival ; The Pakistan Tilt ; Chasing China: The All-Weather Friend ; The Strains of War ; Pakistan's Relations with the United States and China through the Eyes of the Army ; Conclusions and Implications ; Chapter 8. Seeking Security under a Nuclear Umbrella ; Origins of Pakistan's Nuclear Program ; Proliferation Under the Eye of the State ; Nuclear Doctrine and Use ; Risk Taking Under an Expanding Nuclear Umbrella ; As Bad As it Gets? ; Table 8.1 Cross Tabulations of Conflict Months by Nuclear Status ; Table 8.2: Conflict Rate by Nuclear Period ; Conclusions and Implications ; Chapter 9. Jihad under the Nuclear Umbrella ; Origins of Pakistan's Use of Non-state Actors ; From Peoples' War to Low Intensity Conflict under a Nuclear Umbrella ; Pakistan's Militant Assets ; Pakistani Support for the Militants? ; The Internal Jihad: A Case Study of Lashkar-e-Taiba ; Conclusions and Implications ; Chapter 10. Is the Past Prologue ; Endogenous Game Changers ; Democratic Transition? ; Economic Shocks-For Better and for Worse ; Civil and Un-Civil Society: Impetus for Change? ; Change from Within the Army? ; Table 10.5. Punjabis versus Baloch in Balochistan ; Exogenous Sources of Change? ; Conclusions: Prospects for Change from Within and Without? ; Chapter 11. The Army's Strategic Culture and Implications for International Security ; Managing Pakistan's Persistent Revisionism? ; References ; Appendices: Maps

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Book SynopsisIn The Fixer Joe Sacco returns to Bosnia, the setting for his first masterpiece, Safe Area Gorazde. In 2001 he went back to Sarajevo to meet up with his old ''fixer'', an army veteran called Neven who, for the right price, could arrange anything for the visiting journalist. Sacco gradually realized that Neven''s own story - a microcosm of the Balkan conflict itself - might be the most compelling of all. Through Neven, Sacco tells the story of the warlords and gangsters who ran the country during the war, but all the time he - and the reader - never know whether Neven is telling the truth.Trade ReviewThis tightly wound, humane and suspenseful non-fiction graphic novella employs visual devices from the best traditions of film noir. Sacco's finely wrought, expressively rendered black and white drawings perfectly capture the emotional character of Sarajevo and the people who struggle to live there. This superlative and important story is easily one of the best comics non-fiction works of the year * Publishers Weekly *Sacco is formidably talented. A meticulous reporter...and a gifted artist whose richly nuanced drawings tread a delicate path between cartoonishness and naturalism -- Charles Shaar Murray * Independent *Sacco's greatest achievement is to have so poignantly depicted oppression and horror in a form that manages to be both disarming and disquieting -- David Thompson * Observer *One of the most original cartoonists of the past two decades -- Duncan Campbell * Guardian *

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Book SynopsisThe young people of the Cameroon Grassfields have been subject to a long history of violence and political marginalization. This book deals with their response to centuries of exploitation. It focuses on the repeated violent revolts staged by young victims of political oppression.Trade Review"Nicolas Argenti succeeds in doing justice to the uncanny tension evoked by the youth masquerades of Oku and their haunting performances. He offers challenging contributions to the study of dance, the indeterminacy of memory, and the actuality of the slave trade." - Peter Geschiere, University of Amsterdam"

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Book SynopsisArgues that the process of state building has long been influenced by external territorial pressures and competition, with the absence of border fixity contributing to the evolution of strong states - and its presence to the survival of weak ones.Trade Review"Boaz Atzili presents a very interesting, well-researched, and counterintuitive argument that carries important policy implications and should be emphasized in the literature about international security." (Idean Salehyan, University of North Texas)"

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Book SynopsisArgues that the process of state building has long been influenced by external territorial pressures and competition, with the absence of border fixity contributing to the evolution of strong states - and its presence to the survival of weak ones.Trade Review"Boaz Atzili presents a very interesting, well-researched, and counterintuitive argument that carries important policy implications and should be emphasized in the literature about international security." (Idean Salehyan, University of North Texas)"

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Book SynopsisSmall Stories of War offers important new knowledge about the lived experiences of children in wartime through case studies from Canada, Australia, the former Yugoslavia, Germany, Rwanda, and northern Uganda.Trade Review“In this innovative study the authors use oral history, material culture, letters, and art to centre children’s voices and experiences. Each chapter is well researched and sensitive to difficult subject matter. Collectively they make important contributions to the history of children and youth, war and society, memory and oral history, and the history of emotion and affect theory.” Nancy Janovicek, University of Calgary

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Book SynopsisSmall Stories of War offers important new knowledge about the lived experiences of children in wartime through case studies from Canada, Australia, the former Yugoslavia, Germany, Rwanda, and northern Uganda.Trade Review“In this innovative study the authors use oral history, material culture, letters, and art to centre children’s voices and experiences. Each chapter is well researched and sensitive to difficult subject matter. Collectively they make important contributions to the history of children and youth, war and society, memory and oral history, and the history of emotion and affect theory.” Nancy Janovicek, University of Calgary

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewSumit Ganguly and S. Paul Kapur give us an unusually productive dialogue between deeply informed scholars who disagree about an issue of great theoretical interest and policy relevance. The stability of the South Asian nuclear balance is debated with such a fruitful combination of analytical rigor and empirical evidence that students of both the region and the general topic of proliferation will learn a great deal. -- Robert Jervis, Columbia University This is a great book for learning about the India-Pakistan conflict as well as nuclear deterrence theory. Sumit Ganguly and S. Paul Kapur, both first-class strategists, examine the effects of nuclear weapons on the rivalry between Islamabad and New Delhi and reach carefully reasoned yet opposing conclusions. -- John J. Mearsheimer, University of Chicago These eminent scholars of nuclear proliferation achieve a masterful blend of policy-relevant theory, empirical research, and rigorous analysis. In doing so, they drive the optimism/pessimism debate to a refreshing new level of subtlety and sophistication. Policymakers and professors alike will be delighted to have this compelling book at hand. -- Devin T. Hagerty, University of Maryland Did the spread of nuclear weapons to India and Pakistan deter war or provoke aggression? Two prominent scholars of South Asian politics address this important question in a debate filled with insight and wit. Some readers will agree with Sumit Ganguly's optimistic assessment, and some will agree with S. Paul Kapur's more pessimistic appraisal. All will come away with a more nuanced understanding of the complex political effects of nuclear weapons. -- Scott D. Sagan, The Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of Political Science, Stanford University A lucid and compact... distillation of an important policy debate. Booklist [The] combination of analytical rigour and empirical evidence makes this book a wonderful read as well as taking the optimist-pessimist debate to a new level of sophistication. -- Harsh Pant International Affairs Their able and articulate treatments of these issues do the reader a service by crisply laying out the competing perspectives. National Security Policy Proceedings Ganguly and Kapur provide a thoughtful analysis that enhances our understanding of nuclear dynamics in a vitally important region.Political Science Quarterly Political Science QuarterlyTable of ContentsAbbreviations 1. Introduction 2. The History of Indo-Pakistani Conflict 3. Competing Arguments About South Asian Proliferation 4. South Asia's Nuclear Past 5. South Asia's Nuclear Present and Future 6. Three Points of Agreement Notes Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewSumit Ganguly and S. Paul Kapur give us an unusually productive dialogue between deeply informed scholars who disagree about an issue of great theoretical interest and policy relevance. The stability of the South Asian nuclear balance is debated with such a fruitful combination of analytical rigor and empirical evidence that students of both the region and the general topic of proliferation will learn a great deal. -- Robert Jervis, Columbia University This is a great book for learning about the India-Pakistan conflict as well as nuclear deterrence theory. Sumit Ganguly and S. Paul Kapur, both first-class strategists, examine the effects of nuclear weapons on the rivalry between Islamabad and New Delhi and reach carefully reasoned yet opposing conclusions. -- John J. Mearsheimer, University of Chicago These eminent scholars of nuclear proliferation achieve a masterful blend of policy-relevant theory, empirical research, and rigorous analysis. In doing so, they drive the optimism/pessimism debate to a refreshing new level of subtlety and sophistication. Policymakers and professors alike will be delighted to have this compelling book at hand. -- Devin T. Hagerty, University of Maryland Did the spread of nuclear weapons to India and Pakistan deter war or provoke aggression? Two prominent scholars of South Asian politics address this important question in a debate filled with insight and wit. Some readers will agree with Sumit Ganguly's optimistic assessment, and some will agree with S. Paul Kapur's more pessimistic appraisal. All will come away with a more nuanced understanding of the complex political effects of nuclear weapons. -- Scott D. Sagan, The Caroline S.G. Munro Professor of Political Science, Stanford University A lucid and compact... distillation of an important policy debate. Booklist [The] combination of analytical rigour and empirical evidence makes this book a wonderful read as well as taking the optimist-pessimist debate to a new level of sophistication. -- Harsh Pant International Affairs Their able and articulate treatments of these issues do the reader a service by crisply laying out the competing perspectives. National Security Policy Proceedings Ganguly and Kapur provide a thoughtful analysis that enhances our understanding of nuclear dynamics in a vitally important region.Political Science Quarterly Political Science QuarterlyTable of ContentsAbbreviations 1. Introduction 2. The History of Indo-Pakistani Conflict 3. Competing Arguments About South Asian Proliferation 4. South Asia's Nuclear Past 5. South Asia's Nuclear Present and Future 6. Three Points of Agreement Notes Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewHighly recommended for aficionados of foreign-policy and national-security issues. Kirkus Reviews a lucid and insightful guide to the use of armed force as an instrument of U.S. power. American Conservative Betts combines serious thought, common sense, and deep historical knowledge, rather than simply applying abstract theories, and his conclusions are expressed in plain English -- Lawrence D. Freedman Foreign Affairs This volume is instructive for policy makers and would be engaging and provocative in the classroom... Recommeded. Choice American Force deserves to be widely read and debated. -- Scott A. Silverstone H-Diplo Roundtable Richard Betts has written an extremely important book that is probably the best critique of the prevalent bipartisan thinking on post-Cold War foreign policy produced to date... [Betts] has already written four or five classics in the field, and this book adds another to that remarkable list. -- Michael O'Hanlon Political Science Quarterly Betts provides a sobering and bluntly honest critique of US force. He does so through clear writing and argument. -- David Ryan International Affairs American Force is a well-reasoned and thoughtful critique of the current U.S. national security environment, one that policymakers should not ignore. -- Thomas Meagher H-War Richard K. Betts is an extraordinarily clear thinker and writer. SurvivalTable of ContentsPreface Part I. The Post-Cold War Hiatus 1. Introduction: From Cold War to Hot Peace 2. Policy Milestones: Cold War Roots of Consensus 3. Confused Interventions: Puttering with Primacy 4. New Threats of Mass Destruction: Capabilities Down, Intentions Up Part II. History Strikes Back 5. Terrorism: The Soft Underbelly of Primacy 6. Striking First: Well-Lost Opportunities 7. Big Small Wars: Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam 8. The Main Events: The Rise of China and Resurgence of Russia Part III. Decision and Implementation 9. Civil-Military Relations: A Special Problem? 10. Plans and Results: Is Strategy an Illusion? 11. A Disciplined Defense: Regaining Strategic Solvency 12. Conclusion: Selecting Security Notes Index

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewHighly recommended for aficionados of foreign-policy and national-security issues. Kirkus Reviews a lucid and insightful guide to the use of armed force as an instrument of U.S. power. American Conservative Betts combines serious thought, common sense, and deep historical knowledge, rather than simply applying abstract theories, and his conclusions are expressed in plain English -- Lawrence D. Freedman Foreign Affairs This volume is instructive for policy makers and would be engaging and provocative in the classroom... Recommeded. Choice American Force deserves to be widely read and debated. -- Scott A. Silverstone H-Diplo Roundtable Richard Betts has written an extremely important book that is probably the best critique of the prevalent bipartisan thinking on post-Cold War foreign policy produced to date... [Betts] has already written four or five classics in the field, and this book adds another to that remarkable list. -- Michael O'Hanlon Political Science Quarterly Betts provides a sobering and bluntly honest critique of US force. He does so through clear writing and argument. -- David Ryan International Affairs American Force is a well-reasoned and thoughtful critique of the current U.S. national security environment, one that policymakers should not ignore. -- Thomas Meagher H-War Richard K. Betts is an extraordinarily clear thinker and writer. SurvivalTable of ContentsPreface Part I. The Post-Cold War Hiatus 1. Introduction: From Cold War to Hot Peace 2. Policy Milestones: Cold War Roots of Consensus 3. Confused Interventions: Puttering with Primacy 4. New Threats of Mass Destruction: Capabilities Down, Intentions Up Part II. History Strikes Back 5. Terrorism: The Soft Underbelly of Primacy 6. Striking First: Well-Lost Opportunities 7. Big Small Wars: Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam 8. The Main Events: The Rise of China and Resurgence of Russia Part III. Decision and Implementation 9. Civil-Military Relations: A Special Problem? 10. Plans and Results: Is Strategy an Illusion? 11. A Disciplined Defense: Regaining Strategic Solvency 12. Conclusion: Selecting Security Notes Index

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