Hydrobiology Books

Book SynopsisAbout seventy-one per cent of the Earth’s surface is water, and even on dry land we remain closely connected to aquatic life. It provides us with oxygen, food, medicine and materials. Wild waterlife infiltrates our lives in many surprising ways. Every other breath we take is filled with oxygen provided by ocean-dwelling microscopic plants. A type of seaweed provides a means to directly test whether people are infected with viruses, including Covid-19. Robotics design takes inspiration from a pike’s ability to accelerate with greater g-force than a Porsche.Wild Waters by Susanne Masters is a celebration of the breadth of wildlife that can be found in and around our varied waterways, from oceans and rivers to rock pools and ponds. Armchair explorers can read a fascinating account of how aquatic plants and animals enrich human life. Swimmers, paddleboarders, dog walkers, families and anyone with a passion for the great outdoors can learn about local wildlife, including when and where to look for different species without causing any harm.With stunning illustrations by Alice Goodridge, Wild Waters provides a tantalising insight into the world beneath the surface.Trade Review‘A deep dive into the aquatic world, Wild Waters is a fascinating guide to where we swim and the wildlife we might encounter there. Part field guide, part natural and human history of our waterways, Wild Waters is engagingly written with a scientist’s eye for detail by Susanne Masters and beautifully illustrated by Alice Goodridge. Full of fascinating facts as well as elegant prose and drawings, Masters shares her knowledge about the wildlife we swim with and the places that we swim in to help you have a deeper connection with the water on your next wild swim. A magical book.’– Jonathan Cowie, editor of Outdoor Swimmer‘Susanne Masters writes for those who love the water and land alike. She paints with words for readers, in the way that the movie My Octopus Teacher brought to life a dynamic and interconnected underwater world for viewers. Her writing combines science, stories, history and delectable moments of watery delight. She will take you on a historical journey with intriguing facts then let you rise to the surface to look at a tiny plant or large animal. When you come up for air, she has shown you how it is all connected. Masters presents, with straightforward words and a nuanced grace, tactical advice for how to interact with organisms in a world different from our own. She takes the reader into watery worlds where one may never get to go, but upon finishing that chapter, will feel like you have been. Reading her work connects you to the water/land interface of ecosystems and the dynamics of water itself through ways of looking at a world that you usually need to get wet to see. Those who engage in water sports, swimming and or diving will all get to go deeper into what they experience. And for those who are simply curious, they will be drawn in as soon as they start to read the first lines of Susanne Masters’ both lyrical and factual way of using words, mingling them together to create an illuminating, thought-provoking and fun experience.’– Dr Maria Fadiman, Professor of Geography at Florida Atlantic University and National Geographic Explorer'In Wild Waters, Masters takes readers on a vividly depicted journey to the British Isles' most treasured aquatic habitats. Gorgeously illustrated and packed with fascinating details about the wild creatures that live in or near the water, this book is a must-read for anyone who enjoys spending time in nature or is drawn to the water!'– Dr Cassandra Quave, Emory University Herbarium Curator and author of The Plant Hunter: A Scientist's Quest for Nature's Next Medicines

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Book SynopsisA translation of "Entretiens sur la pluralite des mondes", first published in 1686 and one of the best loved classics of the early French enlightenment.Table of ContentsIntroduction by Nina Rattner Gelbart Translator's Preface Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds Preface Dedication The First Evening The Second Evening The Third Evening The Fourth Evening The Fifth Evening Notes

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Book SynopsisLonglisted for the Wainwright PrizeShortlisted for the Richard Jeffries AwardThe story of one woman''s passion for glaciersAs one of the world''s leading glaciologists, Professor Jemma Wadham has devoted her career to the glaciers that cover one-tenth of the Earth''s land surface. Today, however, these ''ice rivers'' are in peril. High up in the Alps, Andes and Himalaya, once-indomitable glaciers are retreating; in Antarctica, meanwhile, thinning ice sheets are releasing meltwater to sensitive marine foodwebs, and may be unlocking vast quantities of methane stored deep beneath them. The potential consequences for humanity are almost unfathomable.Jemma''s first encounter with a glacier, as a student, sparked her love of these icy landscapes. There is nowhere on Earth she feels more alive. Whether abseiling down crevasses, skidooing across frozen fjords, exploring ice caverns, or dodging polar bears - for a glaciologist, it''s all iTrade ReviewIce Rivers is a remarkable book. For those of us who have had the privilege of scrambling across glaciers around the world, this work will bring back sharp memories of their otherworldly beauty. For those who haven't, this is the perfect introduction into a crucial and vanishing part of our planet. Jemma Wadham works to understand, to bear witness, and to protect - it's hard to imagine a more fully human undertaking -- Bill McKibben, author of The End of NatureA compelling warning about the realities of climate change... Also a highly readable memoir -- Best Books of 2021 * Sunday Times *

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Book SynopsisThis book serves as an advanced text on fisheries and fishery population dynamics and as a reference for fisheries scientists. It provides a thorough treatment of contemporary topics in quantitative fisheries science and emphasizes the link between biology and theory by explaining the assumptions inherent in the quantitative methods. The analytical methods are accessible to a wide range of biologists, and the book includes numerous examples. The book is unique in covering such advanced topics as optimal harvesting, migratory stocks, age-structured models, and size models.Trade Review"This book, intended as a text for advanced courses, is a synthesis of quantitative fish population models and methods for quantitative stock assessment. Broadly inclusive, the book covers a variety of methods and models and incorporates modern statistical concepts where appropriate. Proceedings from simple to complex, chapters cover population growth, mortality, and the fishing process (CPUE); stock productivity and surplus production; stock and recruitment; growth and fecundity; delay-difference models; age-structured models; catch-age and age-structured assessment methods; size-structured models and assessment methods; migration, movement, and spatiotemporal considerations; and optimal harvesting."--Fisheries "Why should a terrestrial ecologist be interested in a book on fish population dynamics, and especially a book on quantitative fish population dynamics? There are at least two compelling reasons. First, much of the foundational work in population ecology was motivated by problems in fisheries. . . . Second, mathematical methods are not taxon biased; theoretical methods have made a considerable contribution in ecology because they allow us to see connections between apparently disparate systems. . . . Quinn and Deriso give a broad and deep synthesis of the quantitative models used to study the dynamics of fish populations and the methods used for fisheries stock assessment. . . . Reading and studying the book . . . will definitely be worthwhile because one will see that this is really a book about the fundamental problems in ecology . . . The book will set a very high standard for analysis of fish population dynamics and stock assessment as we move towards a sustainable future."--Ecology "This book stimulates valuable syntheses of diverse theory and methods, deepens understanding of the properties and ensures wiser applications of management modelling. The book covers a broad spectrum of the recent developments in qualitative fish dynamics, provides considerable theoretical and mathematical depth and an excellent synthesis for many of these diverse developments. The book is the first to review several recent applications of Bayesian methods for estimation and decision analysis in fisheries. It is worthwhile reading mainly for those genuinely interested in the mathematical properties of modelling approaches, and to gain information on recent advances in this field and on topics poorly covered in other books. The book's broad coverage of current developments, attention to detail and numerous illustrated examples make it an important contribution and a handy reference for quantitative fisheries scientists." - Murdoch McAllister, Trends in Ecology & Evolution "Over the last two decades the fields of fish population dynamics and stock assessment have seen major advances; concomitantly, fisheries worldwide have declined in productivity owing to overfishing, habitat degradation, and climate change. This suggests that strategies for improved fisheries assessment and management will require greater overall understanding of linkages among demographic, environmental, and anthropogenic processes that underlie the dynamics of exploited populations. This book provides an up-to-date synthesis and coherent framework with which to explore and comprehend these theoretical and practical issues. ... [It] clearly fills a void where no up-to-date textbooks exist ... [and will also] be useful to a wider audience of fishery scientists, mathematical ecologists, conservation biologists, population dynamicists, and resource managers involved in research ..."--The Quarterly Review of Biology "This book, intended as a text for advanced courses, is a synthesis of quantitative fish population models and methods for quantitative stock assessment. Broadly inclusive, the book covers a variety of methods and models and incorporates modern statistical concepts where appropriate. Proceedings from simple to complex, chapters cover population growth, mortality, and the fishing process (CPUE); stock productivity and surplus production; stock and recruitment; growth and fecundity; delay-difference models; age-structured models; catch-age and age-structured assessment methods; size-structured models and assessment methods; migration, movement, and spatiotemporal considerations; and optimal harvesting."--Fisheries "Why should a terrestrial ecologist be interested in a book on fish population dynamics, and especially a book on quantitative fish population dynamics? There are at least two compelling reasons. First, much of the foundational work in population ecology was motivated by problems in fisheries. . . . Second, mathematical methods are not taxon biased; theoretical methods have made a considerable contribution in ecology because they allow us to see connections between apparently disparate systems. . . . Quinn and Deriso give a broad and deep synthesis of the quantitative models used to study the dynamics of fish populations and the methods used for fisheries stock assessment. . . . Reading and studying the book . . . will definitely be worthwhile because one will see that this is really a book about the fundamental problems in ecology . . . The book will set a very high standard for analysis of fish population dynamics and stock assessment as we move towards a sustainable future."--Ecology "This book stimulates valuable syntheses of diverse theory and methods, deepens understanding of the properties and ensures wiser applications of management modelling. The book covers a broad spectrum of the recent developments in qualitative fish dynamics, provides considerable theoretical and mathematical depth and an excellent synthesis for many of these diverse developments. The book is the first to review several recent applications of Bayesian methods for estimation and decision analysis in fisheries. It is worthwhile reading mainly for those genuinely interested in the mathematical properties of modelling approaches, and to gain information on recent advances in this field and on topics poorly covered in other books. The book's broad coverage of current developments, attention to detail and numerous illustrated examples make it an important contribution and a handy reference for quantitative fisheries scientists." - Murdoch McAllister, Trends in Ecology & Evolution "Over the last two decades the fields of fish population dynamics and stock assessment have seen major advances; concomitantly, fisheries worldwide have declined in productivity owing to overfishing, habitat degradation, and climate change. This suggests that strategies for improved fisheries assessment and management will require greater overall understanding of linkages among demographic, environmental, and anthropogenic processes that underlie the dynamics of exploited populations. This book provides an up-to-date synthesis and coherent framework with which to explore and comprehend these theoretical and practical issues. ... [It] clearly fills a void where no up-to-date textbooks exist ... [and will also] be useful to a wider audience of fishery scientists, mathematical ecologists, conservation biologists, population dynamicists, and resource managers involved in research ..."--The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of Contents1. Population Growth, Mortality, and the Fishing Process ; 2. Stock Productivity and Surplus Production ; 3. Stock and Recruitment ; 4. Growth and Fecundity ; 5. Delay-Difference Models ; 6. Age-Structured Models: Per Recruit and Year-class Models ; 7. Age Structured Models: Renewal Theory ; 8. Catch-Age and Age-Structured Assessment Models ; 9. Size Structured Models and Assessment Methods ; 10. Migration and Movement ; 11. Optimal Harvesting

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Book SynopsisLonglisted for the Wainwright PrizeShortlisted for the Richard Jeffries AwardThe story of one woman''s passion for glaciersAs one of the world''s leading glaciologists, Professor Jemma Wadham has devoted her career to the glaciers that cover one-tenth of the Earth''s land surface. Today, however, these ''ice rivers'' are in peril. High up in the Alps, Andes and Himalaya, once-indomitable glaciers are retreating; in Antarctica, meanwhile, thinning ice sheets are releasing meltwater to sensitive marine foodwebs, and may be unlocking vast quantities of methane stored deep beneath them. The potential consequences for humanity are almost unfathomable.Jemma''s first encounter with a glacier, as a student, sparked her love of these icy landscapes. There is nowhere on Earth she feels more alive. Whether abseiling down crevasses, skidooing across frozen fjords, exploring ice caverns, or dodging polar bears - for a glaciologist, it''s all in a day

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Book SynopsisThis book presents state-of-the-art research on architectures, algorithms, protocols, and applications in pervasive computing and networking, one of the hottest topics on the agenda of researchers and practitioners working on the next generation of mobile communications and networks.Table of ContentsList of Contributors About the Editors PART ONE PERVASIVE COMPUTING AND SYSTEMS 1 Introduction Mohammad S. Obaidat and Isaac Woungang 1.1 Pervasive Computing and Its Significance 1.2 Research Trends in Pervasive Computing and Networking 1.3 Scanning the Book 1.4 Target Audience 1.5 Supplementary Resources 1.6 Acknowledgments References 2 Tools and Techniques for Dynamic Reconfiguration and Interoperability of Pervasive Systems Evens Jean, Sahra Sedigh, Ali R. Hurson, and Behrooz A. Shirazi 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Mobile Agent Technology 2.3 Sensor Networks 2.4 Collaboration and Interoperability Among Sensor Networks 2.5 Applications 2.6 Conclusion References 3 Models for Service and Resource Discovery in Pervasive Computing Mehdi Khouja, Carlos Juiz, Ramon Puigjaner, and Farouk Kamoun 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Service Oriented Architecture 3.3 Industry and Consortia Supported Models for Service Discovery 3.4 Research Initiatives in Service Discovery for Pervasive Systems 3.5 Conclusions References 4 Pervasive Learning Tools and Technologies Neil Y. Yen, Qun Jin, Hiroaki Ogata, Timothy K. Shih, and Y. Yano 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Pervasive Learning: A Promising Innovative Paradigm 4.3 Emerging Technologies and Systems for Pervasive Learning 4.4 Integration of Real-World Practice and Experience with Pervasive Learning 4.5 Nature of Pervasive Learning and Provision of Well-Being in Education 4.6 Conclusion References 5 Service Management in Pervasive Computing Environments Jiannong Cao, Joanna Siebert, and Vaskar Raychoudhury 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Service Management in Pervasive Computing Environments 5.3 Techniques for Service Management in PvCE 5.4 Service Composition 5.5 Conclusions References 6 Wireless Sensor Cooperation for a Sustainable Quality of Information Abdelmajid Khelil, Christian Reinl, Brahim Ayari, Faisal Karim Shaikh, Piotr Szczytowski, Azad Ali, and Neeraj Suri 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Sensing the Real World 6.3 Inter-Sensor Cooperation 6.4 Mobile Sensor Cooperation 6.5 Cooperation Across Mobile Entities 6.6 Inter-WSN Cooperation 6.7 Conclusions and Future Research Directions References 7 An Opportunistic Pervasive Networking Paradigm: Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks Didem Gozupek and Fatih Alagoz 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Overview of Multi-Hop Cognitive Radio Networks MAC Layer 7.3 Proposed Mac Layer Protocols 7.4 Open Issues 7.5 Conclusions References 8 Wearable Computing and Sensor Systems for Healthcare Franca Delmastro and Marco Conti 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Health Body Area Network 8.3 Medical and Technological Requirements of Health Sensors 8.4 Wearable Sensors for Vital Signals Monitoring 8.5 Wearable Sensors for Activity Recognition 8.6 Sensors and Signals for Emotion Recognition 8.7 Intra-BAN Communications in Pervasive Healthcare Systems: Standards and Protocols 8.8 Conclusions References 9 Standards and Implementation of Pervasive Computing Applications Daniel Cascado, Jose Luis Sevillano, Luis Fernandez-Luque, Karl Johan Grøttum, L. Kristian Vognild, and T. M. Burkow 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Wireless Technologies and Standards 9.3 Middleware 9.4 Case Studies References PART TWO PERVASIVE NETWORKING SECURITY. 10 Security and Privacy in Pervasive Networks Tarik Guelzim and Mohammad S. Obaidat 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Security Classics 10.3 Hardening Pervasive Networks 10.4 Privacy in Pervasive Networks 10.5 Conclusion References 11 UnderstandingWormhole Attacks in Pervasive Networks Isaac Woungang, Sanjay Kumar Dhurandher, and Abhishek Gupta 11.1 Introduction 11.2 A Wormhole Attack 11.3 Severity of a Wormhole Attack 11.4 Background 11.5 Classification of Wormholes 11.6 Wormhole Attack Modes 11.7 Mitigating Wormhole Attacks 11.8 Discussion of Some Mitigating Solutions to Avoid Wormhole Attacks 11.9 Conclusion and Future Work References 12 An Experimental Comparison of Collaborative Defense Strategies for Network Security Hao Chen and Yu Chen 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Background 12.3 Small-World Network Based Modeling Platform 12.4 Internet Worm Attack and Defense 12.5 Experiments and Performance Evaluation 12.6 Conclusions References 13 Smart Devices, Systems and Intelligent Environments Joaquin Entrialgo and Mohammad S. Obaidat 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Smart Devices and Systems 13.3 Intelligent Environments 13.4 Trends 13.5 Limitations and Challenges 13.6 Applications and Case Studies 13.7 Conclusion References PART THREE PERVASIVE NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS. 14 Autonomic and Pervasive Networking Thabo K. R. Nkwe, Mieso K. Denko, and Jason B. Ernst 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Ubiquitous/Pervasive Networks 14.3 Applying Autonomic Techniques to Ubiquitous/Pervasive Networks 14.4 Self-* (star) In Autonomic and Pervasive Networks 14.5 Autonomic and Pervasive Networking Challenges 14.6 Conclusions and Future Directions References 15 An Adaptive Architecture of Service Component for Pervasive Computing Fei Li, Y. He, Athanasios V. Vasilakos, and Naixue Xiong 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Motivation 15.3 An Overview of the Delaying Adaptation Tool 15.4 Case Study 15.5 Related Work 15.6 Conclusions References 16 On Probabilistic k-Coverage in Pervasive Wireless Sensor Networks Habib M. Ammari 16.1 Introduction 16.2 The Coverage Problem 16.3 Coverage Configuration Problem 16.4 Stochastic k-Coverage Protocol 16.5 Conclusion References 17 On the Usage of Overlays to Provide QoS Over IEEE 802.11b/g/e Pervasive and Mobile Networks Luca Caviglione, Franco Davoli, and Piergiulio Maryni 17.1 Introduction 17.2 A Glance at P2P Overlay Networks and QoS Mechanisms 17.3 Design of Overlays to Support QoS 17.4 Performance Evaluation 17.5 Conclusions and Future Developments Appendic I. The Distributed Algortihm for Bandwidth Management References 18 Performance Evaluation of Pervasive Networks Based on WiMAX Networks Elmabruk Laias and Irfan Awan 18.1 Introduction 18.2 IEEE 802.16 Architecture and QoS Requirements 18.3 Related Work 18.4 Proposed QoS Framework 18.5 Simulation Experiments and Numerical Results 18.6 Summary References 19 Implementation Frameworks for Mobile and Pervasive Networks Bilhanan Silverajan and Jarmo Harju 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Correlating Design to Implementations 19.3 Challenges for Implementation Frameworks 19.4 State of the Art in Implementation Frameworks 19.5 Current Frameworks Research for Network Protocols and Applications 19.6 Evaluating Frameworks and Implementations 19.7 Conclusion References Index

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Book SynopsisThis six-volume set offers a comprehensive, unified and integrated treatment of all major rivers and estuaries of the contiguous United States. Describes the hydrology, chemistry and biology of rivers in natural circumstances. Includes numerous photographs, maps and graphs.Table of ContentsTopography of the Landscape. Pattern and Form of Riverine Systems. Sources of River Flow. Characteristics of Flowing Water. Sediments and Sediment Loads. Wetlands. Chemicals in Riverine Water. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume is part of a set presenting descriptions of all major rivers and estuaries found in the USA. The hydrology, chemistry and biology of each river system is described. This volume focuses on the biological productivity of estuaries.Table of ContentsPhysical Characteristics of Estuaries. Northern New England Estuaries. Southern New England Estuaries. Middle Atlantic Estuaries. Southeastern Estuaries. South Florida Seagrasses. Mangrove Estuaries: South Florida, Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Estuaries: Florida, Louisiana. Southern California Estuaries. Puget Sound. Species Index.

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Book SynopsisOne of California's most remarkable wetlands, Suisun Marsh is the largest tidal marsh on the West Coast and a major feature of the San Francisco Estuary. This title includes information about the ecological and human history of Suisun Marsh, its abiotic and biotic characteristics, and alternative futures facing this ecosystem.Trade Review"Thorough ... [provides] a complete account of a highly impacted and often overlooked Pacific coast marsh." -- Sally D. Hacker Ecology "The information, strategies, and scenarios presented in the book represent a comprehensive look at a unique and valuable ecosystem that is beloved by many. This volume's timely release will contribute an important voice to the ongoing management discussion about the future of the San Joaquin Delta-San Francisco Estuary." The Quarterly Review of BiologyTable of ContentsContributors Preface Acknowledgments 1. Introduction (Peter B. Moyle, Amber D. Manfree, and Peggy L. Fiedler) 2. Historical ecology (Amber D. Manfree) 3. Physical processes and geomorphic features (Christopher Enright) 4. Shifting mosaics: vegetation of Suisun Marsh (Brenda J. Grewell, Peter R. Baye, and Peggy L. Fiedler) 5. Waterfowl ecology and management (Joshua T. Ackerman, Mark P. Herzog, Gregory S. Yarris, Michael L. Casazza, Edward Burns, and John M. Eadie) 6. Terrestrial vertebrates (Alison N. Weber-Stover and Peter B. Moyle) 7. Fishes and aquatic macroinvertebrates (Teejay A. O'Rear and Peter B. Moyle) 8. Suisun Marsh today: agents of change (Stuart W. Siegel) 9. Alternative futures for Suisun Marsh (Peter B. Moyle, Amber D. Manfree, Peggy L. Fiedler, and Teejay A. O'Rear) Index

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Aquatic Ecology is a completely updated and revised edition of the earlier work, Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecosystems. The new edition has been re-titled to reflect the fact that the authors found that, from the modification exercise, a completely different and new book emerged. The new edition concentrates heavily of the fundamental features common to all aquatic systems, both marine and freshwater. This unique synthesis allows for the discussion of ecological processes comparatively, across environments. A general introduction is followed by discussion of various ''types'' of aquatic ecosystems - open waters, coastal zones, benthos, and the aquatic ecosystem as a whole. This is followed by an important new chapter on aquatic ecosystems and global ecology. Later chapters consider the individuals and communities in aquatic ecosystems. A totally re-written and rejuvenated edition of an established student text. SyTable of ContentsContributors. Preface.. Part 1: Introduction. 1. Organisms and Ecosystems (K.H. Mann). Part 2: Aquatic Ecosystems. 2. Ecology of Water columns (I . Valiela). 3. Ecology of Coastal Ecosystems (I. Valiela). 4. Ecology of Deep-Water Zones (B.T. Hargrave). 5. Lakes and Oceans as Functional Who9les (D.W. Schindler). 6. Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Ecology (D.W. Schindler). Part 3: Aquatic Individuals and Communities. 7. Community Organization in Marine and Freshwater Environments (C.R. Townsend). 8. Reproduction, Life Histories and Dispersal, (R.S.K. Barnes). 9. Speciation and Biogeography. (J.H.R. Gee). 10. Specialist Aquatic Feeding Mechanism (J.H.R. Gee). Part 4: Habitat Types Peculiar to Aquatic Systems. 11. Reefs (R.N. Hughes). 12. Streams and Rivers: One-Way Flow Systems (M.J. Winterbourn and C.R. Townsend). Part 5: Human Effects. 13. Impacts of Man's Activities on Aquatic Systems (B.T. Hargrave). Index.

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Book SynopsisDr Brayshaw has updated his definitive 1985 treatment of B.C.'s aquatic monocotyledons with several recently discovered species, new distribution maps, the latest taxonomic information, and his finely detailed illustrations, many reworked or completely redrawn based on new information.Trade ReviewA must for any botanical collection. Ross Archibald, The Victoria NaturalistTable of ContentsPreface Introduction Checklist The Aquatic Environment Evolution in Aquatic Plants Diagnostic Keys Descriptions of Families, Genera and Species Glossary References

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Book SynopsisChemical and Biological Regulation of Aquatic Systems covers the fundamentals of chemical and microbial process that control the quality of surface water. Topics discussed include the nature and environmental role of surface, complexation and redox reactions; fluxes in the water column and at sediment-water interface; bioavailability; intra- and extra-cellular processes; interactions of microbes with their environment; and microbial ecology. Basic principles are clearly explained and important examples are described in each case. For each environmental process, the respective roles of chemistry and biology are explained. The book features 600 references, 140 figures, and 55 tables. It''s an excellent text for students in environmental sciences, researchers involved in quality control, and government and industry professionals who need to learn the fundamentals of an integrated approach to aquatic systems.Table of ContentsGeneral Chemistry of Aquatic Systems (J. Buffle and W. Stumm). The Role of Coordination at the Surface of Aquatic Particles (W. Stumm, L. Sigg, and B. Sulzberger). Transformations of Iron at Redox Boundaries (R.R. De Vitre, B. Sulzberger, and J. Buffle). Processes Occurring at the Sediment-Water Interface: Emphasis on Trace Elements (A. Tessier, R. Carignan, and N. Belzile). Regulation of Trace Elements in Lakes: The Role of Sedimentation (L. Sigg). Uptake of Trace Metals by Aquatic Organisms (A. Tessier, J. Buffle, P.G.C. Campbell). Cell Structure and Metabolism, and Its Relation with the Environment (R. Bachofen). Microbial Activities and Their Eco-Chemical Influence (K. Hanselmann). Microorganisms in Their Natural Environment (K. Hanselmann).

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Book SynopsisBreaking down traditional disciplinary barriers, this is an accessible, holistic introduction to the importance of water in Earth's physical and biological environments. With all the necessary background information, numerous examples and illustrations, and extensive exercises, this is the ideal introductory textbook for students on water courses.

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Book SynopsisProfessor Gerald Esch has already published two books in what is becoming an informal series of essays exploring the way that discoveries about the biology of parasites have influenced ecological and evolutionary theories over a career that has spanned nearly 50 years. This book will be the third set of essays and will focus on key moments of discovery and explore how these achievements were due to collaboration, mentoring, and community building within the field of ecological parasitology. The book will not only describe case studies, pure science and biology but also act as a career guide for early-career ecologists emphasizing the importance of collaboration in the advancement of science.Table of ContentsPreface viii Acknowledgments xi The Players xii 1 The Beginning 1 2 The End of the Beginning 18 3 Gull Lake and the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station 28 4 Gull Lake and the Connection with the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory 40 5 Development of Some Conceptual Notions 52 6 The Pond: Part I 62 7 The Pond: Part II 79 8 The Big Lake 92 9 The Strigeids 104 10 Some Small Streams and Small Ponds 112 11 Red Sore Disease 121 12 The End, Almost 131 13 The Catastrophic Collapse of the Larval Trematode Component Community in Charlie’s Pond (North Carolina) 144 14 An Epilogue: What’s Involved with Graduate School? 155

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Book SynopsisHydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems Discover the geological foundation of global water supply, focusing on resource conservation and restoration Hydrogeochemistry explores the connections between the geology of a region and the chemical characteristics and quality of its water sources, including such factors as erosion, evaporation, and, increasingly, man-made activities. With the emergence of climate change as a major factor reshaping water quality and availability, the need to understand interactions between hydrochemistry and geology has never been greater. Hydrogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystems meets this need by offering foundational knowledge about the hydrochemistry of different types of aquatic systems, the nature of their interactions with various pollutants and geological processes, and the possibilities and dangers of human intervention. With a particular focus on aqueous resource conservation and restoration, this is a vital, timely guide to a potentially life-saving sTable of Contents1 Fluoride in groundwater: distribution, sources, processes, analysis and treatment techniques - A review 2 Geochemical sources, aqueous geochemistry, human health risk of fluoride enriched groundwater and its remedial measures 3 Spatial Distribution of Arsenic Contamination in India: A Systematic Review 4 Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Indo-Gangetic Plain 5 Soil-Water Interactions and Arsenic Enrichment in Groundwater 6 Arsenic contamination in groundwater and its removal strategies with special emphasis on nano zerovalent iron 7 Chemical speciation of chromium and arsenic and biogeochemical cycle in the aquatic system 8 Occurrences and mobility of Uranium in soil profile due to groundwater-soil interaction 9 Study of the rate of CO2 consumption with silicate and carbonate weathering in aquatic system 10 Carbonate chemistry, carbon cycle and its sequestration in aquatic system 11 Recent trends in fate, transport, and transformation of inorganic and organic carbon in freshwater reservoirs 12 Role of microbes in controlling the geochemical composition of aquatic ecosystems 13 Impacts of Pollution on the Hydrogeochemical and Microbial Community of Aquatic Ecosystems in Bayelsa State, Southern Nigeria 14 Aquatic eco-systems under influence of climate change and anthropogenic activities: Potential threats and its mitigation strategies 15 Role of Stable Isotopes in Groundwater Resource Management 16 Assessment of causes and Impact of Sand mining on River ecosystem 17 Nutrient dynamics in the Polar Ice Sheets and Mountain Glaciers: a review

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers.Table of ContentsPreface, ix About the companion website, x 1 Introduction, 1 1.1 A historical background to metal aquatic chemistry, 1 1.2 Historical problems with metal measurements in environmental media, 5 1.3 Recent advances in aquatic metal analysis, 9 References, 10 Problems, 12 2 An introduction to the cycling of metals in the biosphere, 13 2.1 The hydrologic cycle, 13 2.2 An introduction to the global cycling of trace metal(loid)s, 15 2.2.1 The sources and cycling of metal(loid)s in the biosphere, 15 2.2.2 Metal(loid) partitioning and solubility in natural waters, 16 2.2.3 Human infl uence over metal(loid) fate and transport, 19 2.2.4 Trace metal(loid) inputs to the atmosphere, 25 2.2.5 Metal(loid)s in the terrestrial environment and freshwater ecosystems, 26 2.2.6 The transport of metal(loid)s to the ocean, 30 2.2.7 Trace metal(loid)s in ocean waters, 33 2.2.8 Trace metal(loid) inputs from hydrothermal vents, 36 2.3 Global cycles of some important trace metals, 38 2.3.1 The global cycles of cadmium, copper, and zinc, 39 2.3.2 The global cycle of mercury and lead, 41 2.4 Chapter summary, 44 References, 44 Problems, 47 3 Chemical thermodynamics and metal(loid) complexation in natural waters, 49 3.1 Thermodynamic background for understanding trace metal(loid) complexation, 49 3.1.1 The relationship between free energy and the equilibrium constant, 51 3.1.2 Ionic strength effects, 52 3.1.3 Thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetics and steady state, 54 3.2 Bonding, electronic confi guration, and complex formation, 55 3.2.1 Ligand Field Theory, 58 3.2.2 Thermodynamic effects of orbital splitting, 61 3.2.3 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of transition metals, 62 3.2.4 Inorganic chemistry and complexation of non-transition metals and metalloids, 65 3.3 Complexation of metals in solution, 67 3.3.1 Inorganic complexation, 67 3.3.2 An approach to determining metal(loid) speciation in solution, 68 3.3.3 The chemistry and speciation of metal-binding ligands, 72 3.3.4 The complexation of the major ions in solution, 77 3.3.5 Metal complexation with low molecular weight organic ligands, 79 3.3.6 Complexation to large molecular weight organic matter, 81 3.4 Trace metal interactions with the solid phase, 86 3.4.1 Precipitation and dissolution, 86 3.4.2 Adsorption of metals to aqueous solids, 90 3.4.3 Dissolved-particulate partition coeffi cients, 91 3.4.4 Adsorption isotherms, 92 3.4.5 A complexation-based model for adsorption, 93 3.5 Redox transformations and thermodynamic calculations, 102 3.5.1 Electrochemistry and the equilibrium constant, 102 3.5.2 The range in electrode potential and the stability of water, 104 3.5.3 Equilibrium calculations involving redox reactions, 105 3.5.4 Environmental considerations and controlling reactions, 108 3.6 Chapter summary, 112 Appendix 3.1, 114 References, 120 Problems, 121 4 Modeling approaches to estimating speciation and interactions in aqueous systems, 123 4.1 Introduction, 123 4.2 The underlying basis and application of chemical equilibrium models, 126 4.3 Adsorption modeling, 131 4.4 Modeling interactions between cations and organic matter, and inorganic surfaces, 144 4.4.1 The WHAM modeling approach, 144 4.4.2 The NICA-Donnan modeling framework, 149 4.4.3 Modeling the adsorption of humic acids to surfaces and the interaction with metal(loid)s, 151 4.5 Modeling redox transformations, 152 4.6 Modeling the kinetics of reactions, 155 4.6.1 Reactions in solution, 155 4.6.2 Adsorption/desorption kinetics, 160 4.6.3 Uptake kinetics for microorganisms, 160 4.7 Incorporating kinetics and thermodynamics into fate and transport modeling, 161 4.8 Chapter summary, 162 Appendix 4.1, 162 Appendix 4.1a, 162 Appendix 4.1b, 163 References, 163 Problems, 165 5 Metal(loid)s in the atmosphere and their inputs to surface waters, 167 5.1 Introduction, 167 5.2 Atmospheric transport and deposition, 167 5.2.1 Dry deposition, 167 5.2.2 Aerosol distributions and metal(loid) concentrations, 172 5.2.3 Wet deposition, 177 5.2.4 Atmospheric deposition fl uxes, 181 5.2.5 Source apportionment of atmospheric metal(loid)s, 185 5.2.6 Gaseous volatilization and gas exchange of metal(loid) compounds, 189 5.3 Atmospheric chemistry and surface water photochemistry of metals, 194 5.4 Solubilization of aerosol metal(loid)s in natural waters, 198 5.5 Focus topics, 200 5.5.1 Focus topic: Atmospheric inputs and atmospheric chemistry of iron, 200 5.5.2 Atmospheric chemistry and air–water exchange of mercury, 202 5.6 Inputs of atmospheric metals to the biosphere, 206 5.7 Chapter summary, 209 References, 209 Problems, 217 6 Trace metal(loid)s in marine waters, 219 6.1 Introduction, 219 6.2 Metal(loid) partitioning in coastal and open ocean waters, 221 6.2.1 The mechanisms of partitioning, 221 6.2.2 Examination of metal speciation in the particulate phase, 227 6.2.3 Examination of the complexation of metals with natural ligands in the filtered fraction, 232 6.2.4 Metal concentrations in coastal waters, 237 6.3 Metals in coastal and offshore sediments, 238 6.3.1 Metals in the bulk phase, 238 6.3.2 Metals in sediment porewater, 243 6.3.3 Modeling metal cycling in sediments, 249 6.3.4 Modeling of metal speciation in marine sediment porewaters, 255 6.3.5 The importance of sediment resuspension and extreme events in coastal metal dynamics, 259 6.3.6 Deep ocean sediments and manganese nodules and accretions, 264 6.3.7 The biogeochemistry of metals in hydrothermal systems, 267 6.4 Metal distributions in open ocean waters, 270 6.4.1 Vertical distribution of metal(loid)s and controlling factors, 270 6.4.2 Coordinated ocean studies: GEOTRACERS and prior and related programs, 275 6.4.3 Iron, manganese, and aluminum cycling in open ocean waters, 279 6.4.4 The biogeochemical cycling of zinc and cadmium in the ocean, 280 6.4.5 Copper, cobalt, and other nutrient transition metals in the oceans, 282 6.4.6 Anthropogenic metals – lead, silver, and mercury, 283 6.4.7 Metalloids and other oxyanion cycling in seawater, 290 6.4.8 Other transition metals, the lanthanides, and actinides, 292 6.4.9 Particulate metal fl uxes to the deep ocean, 294 6.5 Chapter summary, 297 References, 298 Problems, 307 7 Trace metals in freshwaters, 310 7.1 Overview of metal cycling in freshwaters, 310 7.2 Trace element cycling in lakes, 313 7.2.1 Processes infl uencing metal(loid) fate and dissolved speciation in lakes, 314 7.2.2 Modeling the speciation and association of trace elements in stratified systems, 327 7.2.3 Focus topic: Mercury cycling in lakes, 330 7.3 Trace elements in rivers and groundwater, 336 7.3.1 Trace elements in rivers, 336 7.3.2 Trace elements in groundwater, 345 7.3.3 Focus topic: Mining impacts and acid mine drainage, 348 7.3.4 Arsenic in surface water and groundwater, 350 7.3.5 Metal inputs from groundwater and margin exchange processes, 354 7.4 Human activities and their impact on trace metal(loid) concentrations in drinking water and receiving waters, 356 7.4.1 Lead in drinking water, 357 7.4.2 Metal inputs from waste water treatment facilities and other industrial discharges, 358 7.5 Metal stable isotopes and their use, 360 7.6 Chapter summary, 363 References, 364 Problems, 368 8 Trace metals and organisms: Essential and toxic metals, organometallics, microbial processes, and metal bioaccumulation, 370 8.1 Introduction, 370 8.2 Mechanisms of metal accumulation by microorganisms, 372 8.2.1 The transport of metals across membranes, 372 8.2.2 Passive transport (diffusion), 373 8.2.3 Facilitated transport (accelerated diffusion), 377 8.2.4 Active uptake, 380 8.3 Essential trace metals, 381 8.3.1 An overview of essential trace metals, 381 8.3.2 Focus topic: Iron uptake by microbes in marine waters, 383 8.3.3 Focus topic: Transition metals and carbon fi xation by microbes, 388 8.3.4 The biochemistry of metals and their presence in the early biosphere, 391 8.4 Organometallic compounds and microbial transformations of metals, 393 8.4.1 Mechanisms of metal methylation, 393 8.4.2 Less common organometallic compounds, 397 8.4.3 Alkylated mercury compounds, 399 8.4.4 Lead and tin compounds, 402 8.4.5 Organometallics of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, 404 8.5 Bioavailability and bioaccumulation, 406 8.5.1 Introduction, 406 8.5.2 Trophic transfer of metals, 408 8.5.3 Exposure and bioaccumulation models, 410 8.6 Chapter Summary, 414 References, 415 Problems, 421 Index, 422

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Book SynopsisThe first of two volumes describing Australia's 1200 known species of bryozoans.

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Book SynopsisA biomarker is a biochemical, cellular, physiological or behavioral variation that can be measured in tissue or body fluid samples or at the level of whole organisms that provides evidence of exposure to and/or effects of one or more chemical pollutants or radiations. Based on the facts related to the existence of contaminant stressors, an understanding of chemical modes of toxicity can be incorporated with diagnostic markers of aquatic animal physiology to help understand the health status of aquatic organisms in the field. New approaches in functional genomics and bioinformatics can help discriminate individual chemicals, or groups of chemicals among complex mixtures that may contribute to adverse biological effects. By using these recent methodologies, it could be useful to shed light on the molecular evolution of the biomarkers, and which role and functionality can be better understood based on exploring the relative evolution pathways in several aquatic organisms. PhD students and scientists with interests on physiology, ecotoxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology, molecular evolution and aquatic science disciplines will find this book very useful, based on the concepts and the relative biomarkers study cases, analyzed from the evolutionary point of view.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/molecular-evolution-of-aquatic-organisms-biomarkers/

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book explores the sea and its meanings from ancient myths to contemporary geopolitics, from Atlantis to the Mediterranean migrant crisis. Richard Hamblyn traces a cultural and geographical journey from estuary to abyss, beginning with the topographies of the shoreline and ending with the likely futures of our maritime environments. Along the way, the sea becomes a site of work and endurance, of story and song, of language, leisure and longing. By considering the sea as both a physical and a cultural presence, this book shines new light upon it, and its indelible place in the human imagination.Trade Review“A whirlwind tour of the world’s seas and oceans . . . from oceanography and marine biology to the specialist language of seafarers to the sea as it is represented in art, music, film, and literature, to a dire warning of the sea’s vulnerability to anthropogenic global warming, overfishing, and the eternal life of plastics tossed unthinkingly into the sea. . . . What makes The Sea rare is Hamblyn’s intellectual agility, his capacity to write freshly (and with extraordinary economy) about everything he touches on. He holds my interest and admiration throughout this gorgeously illustrated book.” -- Jonathan Raban, author of "Passage to Juneau: A Sea and Its Meanings" and editor of "The Oxford Book of the Sea"

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Book SynopsisNematodes are incontestably the most numerous and the most diverse metazoans in freshwater habitats, and these properties bestow exceptional significance to their role in the environment. An array of functional roles has been attributed to them: they are grazers on bacteria and primary producers, regulators of decomposition of plant material, predators, prey for other animals, and closely associated symbionts of bacteria and other organisms. Freshwater nematodes are central in the context of environmental monitoring, pollution assessments, global warming and food webs, and this is increasingly being recognized. Moreover, the short generation time (a few days to months) of many species makes nematodes ideal for laboratory studies. This book: Provides a follow-up to Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy (2006). Offers guidelines for studying the ecology of free-living nematodes, including detailed protocols and case studies. Promotes free-living nematodes as model organisms for studies in a broad range of research fields. Despite the recognized importance of nematodes across ecosystems, many species of free-living nematodes have yet to be discovered, and essential knowledge gaps remain. Ecology of Freshwater Nematodes provides an overview of research efforts in this field, and is an important resource for researchers in the field of nematology and ecology.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction to Freshwater Nematodes in Ecology: Current Knowledge and Research Chapter 2: Sampling and Processing of Freshwater Nematodes with Emphasis on Molecular Methods Chapter 3: Species Composition and Distribution of Free-living Nematodes in Lakes and Streams Chapter 4: Nematodes from Extreme and Unusual Freshwater Habitats Chapter 5: Dispersal of Free-living Nematodes Chapter 6: Feeding Ecology of Free-living Nematodes Chapter 7: Role of Nematodes in the Food Web: Nematodes as Predator and Prey Chapter 8: Production of Freshwater Nematodes Chapter 9: Freshwater Nematodes in Metacommunity Studies Chapter 10: Single- and Multi-species Toxicity Testing with Nematodes Chapter 11: Freshwater Nematodes as Bioindicators in Field Studies – The NemaSPEAR[%]-index Chapter 12: Case Studies with Nematodes from the Individual to Ecosystem Level

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Book SynopsisThe presence of water on Earth is discussed in this book using various theories about its origin as a basis. These theories include a massive degassing of the primitive parent bodies that built our planet as well as a late addition from comets that collided with the Earth’s surface. The extraordinary physico-chemical properties of the water molecules, combined with its abundance and distribution over the Earth’s surface, have contributed to regulating the global climate and favoring species’ evolution for more than 4 billion years. The early emergence of life in the deep ocean and its further diversification were closely linked to the global water cycle whose dynamics result from the energy balance between solar radiation and the internal heat flux of the Earth. Chapter 1 of this book deals with the extraordinary physico-chemical properties of the water molecule while Chapter 2 provides insight on theories regarding the origin of water on Earth. In the third chapter, the author focuses on the chemical composition of the main water reservoirs of our planet. Chapters 4 and 5 discuss water’s relationship with plate tectonics and life, respectively. The sixth and final chapter uses stable isotope tracking to look into the water cycle and past climates. Contents 1. Water: A Molecule Endowed with Extraordinary Physicochemical Properties.2. Theories about the Origin of Water on Earth.3. The Main Water Reservoirs on Earth and their Chemical Composition.4. Water and Plate Tectonics.5. Water and Life.6. Stable Isotope Tracking: Water Cycles and Climates of the Past. The presence of water on Earth is discussed on the basis of the various theories about its origin such as a massive degassing of the primitive parent bodies that built our planet as well as a late addition from comets that collided with its surface. The extraordinary physico-chemical properties of the water molecule combined with its abundance and distribution over the Earth’s surface have contributed to regulating the global climate and favoring the evolution of species for more than 4 billion years. The early emergence of life in the deep ocean and its further diversification were closely linked to the global water cycle whose dynamics result from the energy balance between solar radiation and the internal heat flux of the Earth.Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgments xi Chapter 1. Water: A Molecule Endowed with Extraordinary Physicochemical Properties 1 1.1. Molecular geometry and electrical properties 1 1.2. Phase diagram 3 1.3. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen 11 1.4. Thermodynamic properties 12 1.4.1. Conduction of heat 20 1.5. Optical properties 20 1.5.1. Turbidity, ternary mixtures and the “Ouzo” effect 23 1.6. Underwater propagation of sound 28 1.7. Synthesis and electrolysis 30 1.8. Bibliography 32 Chapter 2. Theories about the Origin of Water on Earth 35 2.1. The blue planet of the solar system 35 2.2. Comets 38 2.3. Carbonaceous chondrites and icy asteroids 42 2.4. Small magnitude evolution of the D/H ratio of the oceans 47 2.5. Chemical composition of the primordial Earth’s oceans 49 2.5.1. The early huge “greenhouse effect” 49 2.5.2. pH and redox state of the primordial Earth’s oceans 50 2.5.3. Archean ultramafic rocks: a trap for carbon dioxide 52 2.5.4. The salinity of the primordial Earth’s oceans 53 2.6. Bibliography 55 Chapter 3. The Main Water Reservoirs on Earth and their Chemical Composition 57 3.1. Masses of water reservoirs 57 3.1.1. Ice caps 60 3.1.2. Groundwaters 61 3.1.3. Rivers 63 3.1.4. Lakes 65 3.1.5. Brackish waters 67 3.1.6. Oceans 68 3.1.7. Salinity 70 3.1.8. The definition of water masses 73 3.1.9. The wind-driven surface ocean circulation 76 3.1.10. Thermohaline circulation: the global ocean conveyor 80 3.2. The superficial hydrological cycle, water fluxes and residence times 83 3.3. Chemical composition of rivers 85 3.4. Ocean chemical composition 90 3.4.1. Dissolved salts 90 3.4.2. Dissolved gases 91 3.4.3. Variations of dissolved O2 and CO2 with oceanic depth 94 3.4.4. Brief concept of alkalinity 94 3.4.5. The oceanic carbon pump and the pH of seawater 94 3.5. Chemical composition of rainfall 96 3.6. Why are oceans salty? 100 3.7. Hypersaline waters 102 3.7.1. The Dead Sea 103 3.7.2. Mono Lake, USA 105 3.8. Geothermal waters and the “petrifying springs” 107 3.9. Bibliography 109 Chapter 4. Water and Plate Tectonics 113 4.1. A brief introduction to the theory of “plate tectonics” 113 4.2. Catastrophic events related to global tectonics: tsunamis 115 4.3. Oceanic hydrothermal activity 123 4.4. Water in the Earth’s mantle 137 4.4.1. Water in nominally anhydrous minerals 137 4.4.2. IR spectroscopy or how to see water traces in mantle minerals 139 4.5. Subduction and volcanic activity 141 4.6. Continental growth and recycling 146 4.7. Bibliography 151 Chapter 5. Water and Life 155 5.1. Cell functioning and metabolic activity 155 5.1.1. Human body water, blood and pH 156 5.1.2. Cell functioning 157 5.1.3. Body water balance 158 5.1.4. Body heat balance 159 5.2. Adaptation and readaptation of tetrapods to the aquatic environment 159 5.3. Biodiversity in the aquatic environment 169 5.3.1. Freshwater biodiversity 170 5.3.2. Marine biodiversity 172 5.4. Bibliography 176 Chapter 6. Stable Isotope Tracking: Water Cycles and Climates of the Past 181 6.1. Principles of stable isotope fractionation between substances 181 6.1.1. Quantum mechanics and isotopic fractionation 181 6.1.2. Physicochemical processes responsible for isotopic fractionation 183 6.1.3. Techniques of stable isotope measurements of aqueous solutions 189 6.1.4. The “salt effect” and the isotopic measurement of brines 190 6.2. The surface water cycle 192 6.2.1. Isotopic fractionations during water evaporation and condensation 197 6.2.2. Precipitation 199 6.2.3. The concept of “amount effect” 205 6.2.4. Geographic distribution of rainfall δD and δ18O values 206 6.2.5. δD and δ18O variations of rainfall with altitude 208 6.2.6. Rainfall δD and δ18O values as a function of air temperature 210 6.2.7. The δ18O of the sea surface waters 214 6.2.8. S and δ18O relationships in the ocean 216 6.2.9. S and δ18O relationships in the coastal waters 217 6.3. The stable isotope memory of fossil biominerals 220 6.3.1. Isotopic fractionation equation between biominerals and water 220 6.3.2. Robustness of the isotopic record through time 224 6.3.3. Tracking the ecology of extinct vertebrate species 228 6.3.4. The aquatic environments of the Jurassic turtles of Western Europe 230 6.3.5. Isotopic records of long-term climate changes 233 6.3.6. Variations in the δD and δ18O of polar ice caps 234 6.3.7. Isotopic records of climatic seasonal variations 239 6.4. Aqueous inclusions trapped in minerals 245 6.5. Bibliography 250 Index 255

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Book SynopsisAlthough of high abundance, diversity and ecological importance, meiofauna is little covered by relevant scientific media. How can this negligence be overcome? The present treatise highlights promising meiofauna research fields, selected both from basic and applied science, as well as new methods that could strengthen the potential of meiobenthology. Selected recent meiofauna studies, often supported by rapidly advancing gene-based methods, underline the relevance and potential of meiobenthology revealing characteristics and harassments of ecosystems, not the least in extreme habitats. Also in the more classical domains such as taxonomy and phylogeny, progress in meiobenthos research defines a new and deeper scientific understanding.Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1: Fields of general relevance and broad public interest a. New areas, novel communities, exotic biotopes b. The deep-sea c. Newly accessible polar regions Chapter 2: Pollution and Meiofauna a. Oil spills at the deep-sea bottom b. Petroleum hydrocarbons in ground water aquifers c. Water acidification and CO2-increase d. Microplastics and plastic fibres Chapter 3: Future ecological trends in meiobenthos research a. Aspects of biodiversity b. Principles of distribution, dispersal, and colonization c. Organismic interactions – meiofauna between microbiota and macrofauna Chapter 4: Physiology, biochemistry and meiofauna – a rarely touched realm a. Hypoxia, anoxia and hydrogen sulfide – fields of physiological challenge b. Temperature – a physiological driver c. Fatty acids as biomarkers d. Physiological reactions revealed by genetic analyses Chapter 5: Towards and integrated triad – taxonomy, morphology, and phylogeny a. Advances in the methodological basis b. New trends reviving ‘old morphology’ c. Phylogeny and evolution – meiofauna at the beginning Epilogue

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Book SynopsisThe book effectively demonstrates, through practical case studies, the potential of isotope techniques in the development and management of water resources. It commences with a detailed description of the unique characteristics of isotopes and their utility as tracers in various stages of the hydrological cycle. The book encompasses the application of both environmental isotopes and injected tracers to both surface water and groundwater bodies, as well as their interrelationships. Given the significance of identifying groundwater recharge and recharge processes, the book places particular emphasis on this aspect of isotope application in water resources. Additionally, the book explores the role of isotopes in understanding groundwater contamination caused by natural pollutants such as inland salinity, arsenic, and nitrate, with relevant examples provided.

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Book SynopsisThe book highlights, with practical examples, the potential of isotope techniques in water resources development and management. It starts with a description of isotope characteristics as well as their relevance as tracers in studies on various stages of the hydrological cycle. The book covers applications of both environmental isotopes and injected tracers to surface water and groundwater bodies as well as their interrelationships. In view of the importance of identification of groundwater recharge and recharge processes, due emphasis is given to this aspect of application of environmental isotopes. Role of isotopes in understanding groundwater contamination from natural pollutants like inland salinity, arsenic and nitrate is discussed with examples.Table of Contents. Introduction. 2. Basis for applications of various isotopes in hydrology. 3. Isotope applications in surface water hydrology. 4. Isotope applications in groundwater hydrology. 5. Need for enhanced application of isotope hydrology and how to achieve it.

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