Ceramic and glass technology Books

Book SynopsisA complete guide to fantastic special effects glazes for studio potters. From drippy and crackle to ash and lichen glazes, experienced ceramicist Linda Bloomfield guides you through the world of special effect glazes. Beautifully illustrated with pieces from both emerging and established potters that showcase stunning copper oxide-blues, metallic bronzes and manganese-pink crystal glazes, Special Effect Glazes is packed full of recipes to try out: from functional oilspot glazes using iron oxide, to explosive lava glazes. In this informative handbook discover how you can create these fantastic effects and learn the basic chemistry behind glazes in order to adjust and experiment with your unique pieces. Discussed are materials and stains, how to find them and how they affect the colour and texture of the glaze, alongside practical fixes to familiar glaze-making problems. Special Effect Glazes is essential if you are interested in creating eye-catching glazes and wanting to develop your knowledge of glaze-making, or experiment with your own formulas to achieve the perfect finish.Trade ReviewRight up there with the best of them ... Linda should be congratulated * London Potters *The knowledge of glazes is an evolutionary process ... Special Effect Glazes makes a valuable and desirable contribution to this lineage of knowledge ... I encourage you to embrace this delightful publication. -- Kevin Boyd * The Journal of Australian Ceramics *... there is a ton of information and a variety of recipes in this book [...] there are many useful clues and ideas of how to test and push the glazes in a direction that works for your studio. * The Studio Manager *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements Introduction Section 1: Glaze Principles and Application 1. Understanding Glazes 2. Glaze Materials and Minerals 3. Colouring Glazes 4. Impurities and Variation In Materials 5. Stability and Durability 6. Creating and Testing Glazes 7. Glaze Mixing and Application 8. Firing 9. Glaze ‘Defects’ Section 2: Special Effect Glazes 10. Special Effects: The Chemistry 11. Crackle Glazes 12. Ash Glazes 13. Celadon and Copper Red Glazes 14. Drippy Glazes and Chun Glazes 15. Crystalline Glazes 16. Shrink and Crawl: Lichen Glazes 17. Volcanic, Lava or Crater Glazes 18. Spotted Glazes 19. Metallic Glazes 20. Layering Glazes Conclusion References Bibliography Appendices 1. Glaze Materials UK:US Materials Substitutions 2. Orton Cone Temperatures 3. Ceramic Materials, Chemical Formula and Molecular Weight 4. Limits for Stable Glazes 5. Periodic Table of Elements 6. Materials Analysis for UK Frits, Clays and Feldspars 7. Materials Analysis for US Frits, Clays and Feldspars Suppliers Laboratories for Leach Testing of Glazes Health and Safety Index

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Book SynopsisA fully illustrated examination of the use of color in clay, outlining its history and exploring the styles and techniques of the leading modern makers. Mix two or more colors of clay as part of a piece’s design, and you are creating nerikomi. There are many techniques – stacking, stretching, slicing – but with nerikomi, the decoration is built and fired into the work’s very fabric, rather than glazing it later. This beautifully illustrated introduction by accomplished nerikomi specialist Thomas Hoadley includes: – A brief history of the origins and international styles of colored clay – A section dedicated to the most honored Japanese Masters of nerikomi – Stunning examples of work from the world’s leading experts – Step-by-step examples of many of the techniques employed Whether you simply enjoy the beauty of multicolored clay, or are seeking inspiration, this essential volume contains everything you need to embark on your own nerikomi projects.Table of ContentsPreface A Colorful History Early Chinese and Korean Colored Clay Ceramics Agateware Twentieth-century Japan Japanese Masters Matsui Kosei – Ito Sekisui V – Ogata Kamio – Kondo Takahiro – Nishi Koichi The Nerikomi Technique: One Artist's Approach Colored Clay Worldwide Hans Munck Andersen – Janny Baek – Curtis Benzle – Angela Burkhardt-Guallini – Mandy Cheng – Ben Davies – Mieke Everaet – Dorothy Feibleman – Barbara Gittings – Robert Hessler – Cody Hoyt – Narumi Ii – Francoise Joris – Maria ten Kortenaar – Judy McKenzie – Anne Mossman – Aya Murata – Jongjin Park – David Pottinger – Kanako Sahashi – Lorraine Shemesh – Tsuneharu Tanaka – Larissa Warren – Dorothee Wenz – Lotte Westphael – Henk Wolvers Conclusion Acknowledgments Bibliography Glossary Thomas Hoadley: Resume and Publications Index

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Book SynopsisThe ultimate illustrated guide for sourcing, processing and using wild clay. Potters around the world are taking to the local landscape to dig their own wild clay, discover its unique properties, and apply it to their craft. This guide is the ideal starting point for anyone – from novices, improvers and experts to educators and students – who wants to forge a closer bond between their art and their surroundings. Testing and trial and error are key to finding a material’s best use, so the authors’ tips, drawn from long experience in the US and Japan (but which can be applied to clays anywhere) provide an enviable head-start on this rewarding journey. A clay might be best suited to sculpture and tile bodies, throwing clay bodies, handbuilding and slab bodies, or simply be applied as a glaze or slip. The specific properties of found materials can create a diverse range of effects and surfaces, or, even when not fired, can be adapted for use as colorful pastels or pigments. Beautiful illustrations and helpful technical descriptions explain the formation of various clays; how to locate, collect and assess them; how to test their properties of shrinkage, water absorption, texture and plasticity; the best ways to test-fire them; and how to adapt a clay’s characteristics by blending appropriate materials. From prospecting in the field to holding your finished product, there is helpful advice through every stage, and a gallery of work by international potters who have embraced the clays found around them.Trade ReviewThis beautifully illustrated guide is the ideal starting point for those wanting to forge a closer bond between their art and their natural surroundings. * Ceramics Now *Finding your own clay—especially for use as a glaze material or to augment a commercial clay body—is increasingly popular and this book is a guide to finding, testing, and using wild clay. * The Studio Manager *A fascinating guide to finding your own clay and creating your own glazes. Billed as ideal starting point for novices, experts, and everyone in between, this is an excellent addition to the experienced ceramicist’s library, but also to those new to the art. * Book Riot *Table of ContentsForeword: Wild Clay Introduction: Why Wild Clay? 1. A Personal Journey Through Wild Clay 2. Soil Ecology and Geology 3. Finding Clay 4. Processing and Testing Wild Clay 5. Making Clay Bodies 6. Glazes, Slips, and Alternative Practices 7. Artist Spotlights Bibliography Glossary of Terms Index

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Book SynopsisA highly illustrated step-by-step guide to designing and making contemporary tableware in clay, featuring inspirational pieces by leading designers. 'This book is a go to book for the art of creating tableware... The level of experience between the pages of this book from Sue and Linda is unquestionably invaluable to the reader.' Keith Brymer Jones, Master Potter and judge on The Great Pottery Throw Down The tableware we use is very important in our everyday lives, whether plates, bowls, mugs, cups or teapots. This stylishly illustrated guide helps budding and established ceramicists alike to create practical and attractive ranges, starting with design principles, working through appropriate construction techniques, and leading on to decoration and finishes. Leading designers Sue Pryke and Linda Bloomfield explain the importance of inspiration and consistency in design, providing step-by-step guides to the main making methods, which include hand building, pinching, coiling, throwing and slipcasting. They also offer advice on using various clay materials – such as recycled and reused clay bodies – and the combination of clay with other materials including wood, metal, textiles and synthetics. Tips are provided on glaze fit, dishwasher- and microwave-safe glazes, firing and finishing. Featuring beautiful photographs of the work of such prominent tableware makers as Sasha Wardell, James and Tilla Waters, Reiko Kaneko and Nico Conti, there are many sources of inspiration for those wishing to further their tableware ambitions.Trade ReviewThis book is a go to book for the art of creating tableware. Not only is it beautifully illustrated with wonderful examples of work. It explains in simple easy to understand terms of how to get started. The level of experience between the pages of this book from Sue and Linda is unquestionably invaluable to the reader. * Keith Brymer Jones, Master Potter and judge on 'The Great Pottery Throw Down' *Owning the book is like having a master craftsman in your studio. * Anthony Quinn, Course Leader BA Ceramic Design at Central Saint Martins *visually appealing… This is best suited for experienced ceramicists looking to elevate their craft. * Publishers Weekly *This is a book to inspire anyone to enter a studio, get hands on and create their own stylish wares for the table. * The Arts Society Magazine *This step-by-step guide is a great source of inspiration for those wanting to further their tableware ambitions. * Ceramic Review *Call this the apex of simplicity. Pryke and Bloomfield, commercial potters who design for powerhouses like IKEA, join forces to explain the how-tos of contemporary tableware… Color photographs showcase not only step-by-step details but also an incredible range of professional ceramics in the authors' understated aesthetic. * Booklist *Packed full of inspiration for those wishing to further their tableware ambitions, the book provides ideas for potters at any level of practice. * London Potters Magazine *A useful one-stop guide to the end to end process of making tableware. * Scottish Potters *This book is beautifully produced and superbly illustrated * Anglian Potters Magazine *Table of ContentsIntroduction Inspiration Design: How to Make a Coherent Tableware Collection Materials: Types of Clay Clay Preparation and Recycling Health and Safety Making Methods Glazing Firing Finishing Conclusion

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Book SynopsisThe use of wax, paper, clay and other materials to prevent the effects of heat, fire, smoke, chemical reactions, colours and glazes from altering or contaminating the surfaces of work is very popular with ceramicists. However, learning to use these techniques can be a long and frustrating process, particularly when complicated by considerations of the state of the clay and which form of glazing is to be used. In this book, Peter Beard discusses the techniques of masking and resist and gives guidance as to how best to use various materials and firing method to achieve a wide range of finishes.Table of Contents1. History and overview of resists and masking 2. Water-based waxes 3. Oil-based waxes 4. Latex wax or latex rubber solutions 5. Spraying - ordinary and airbrush 6. Paper and adhesive tapes, papers and films 7. Exercises in using slips and resists 8. Colloidal slips 9. Acid etching 10. Lustre techniques 11. Masking resists and smoke 12. Grit blasting 13. Recipes

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Book SynopsisCreative and practical, Kicking Glass is a step-by-step guide for those wanting to practice the popular craft of stained glass. From simple suncatchers and boho lamps to exquisite 3D constructions and delicately-poised glass butterflies, experienced artist Neile Cooper guides you through the magical world of stained glass with a creative handbook for both the novice and more experienced crafter alike. Beautifully illustrated with photographs of Neile’s own work including her glorious glass cabin in the woods as well as pieces from some of today’s most stylish designers, Kicking Glass is packed with ideas to guide and inspire. This book provides comprehensive technical instruction in the copper foil method, covering everything from tools and supplies to exploratory techniques such as including foraged and found objects into your work. Skills are demonstrated through tutorials with photos, instructional drawings and 16 stunning patterns. Whether you’re looking to decorate your windows, create lovely gifts for friends and family or design your own epic masterpiece, Kicking Glass is the essential modern guide to stained glass making.Trade ReviewA thorough, enthusiastic guide to the art, full of beautiful projects, helpful advice, and inspiring thoughts from working stained glass artists * Foreword *Novices can expect all the familiar faces of how-to books: tools and supplies, an examination of materials, and clear directions on finishing, all well illustrated with quality color photographs. * Booklist *Neile’s warm and supportive approach comes across as she shares the vision behind the creation of her own sanctuary – a cabin in her garden that she is lovingly decorating with reclaimed window frames and stained glass designs based on her love of the natural world. [...] Kicking Glass offers comprehensive training and a liberal helping of motivation through beautiful imagery and practical designs to try. * Contemporary Glass Society *When I’m ready to dip my toes, Kicking Glass by Neile Cooper is where I’ll begin exploring this gorgeous hobby. Cooper’s thorough tome walks beginners through setting up a space, picking out supplies, and basic techniques required for creating stained glass. * The Mercury *The photography is stellar with lushly colorful clear pictures and tutorial explanations. The author provides project lists with tools and supplies and step by step instructions. The book feels like a small, well organized workshop with a well spoken and competent teacher. The projects are varied and attractive and are a mix of more traditional looking and modern. -- Nonstop ReaderThe book is full of beautiful, full colour illustrations, and instructions are easy to follow, if not easy to master. This is great guide for anyone considering starting in the hobby. -- Novel ObsessionTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction Studio setup & safety Tools & supplies Glass Cutting glass Using patterns Foiling Layout Soldering Finishing Clean, patina, & polish Designing patterns Suncatchers 3D construction Reclaimed windows Patterns Suppliers

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Book SynopsisPresenting the fundamental topics in glass science and technology, this concise introduction includes glass formation, crystallization, and phase separation. Glass structure models, with emphasis on the oxygen balance method, are presented in detail. Several chapters discuss the viscosity, density, thermal expansion, and mechanical properties of glasses as well as their optical and magnetic behavior and the diffusion of ions, atoms, and molecules and their effect on electrical conductivity, chemical durability, and other related behavior. In addition to the effects of atomic structure on the properties of glasses, the effects of phase separation, crystallization, and water content, which are neglected in most texts, are discussed extensively. Glass technology is addressed in chapters dealing with the raw materials for producing glasses, batch calculations, and the melting and fining processes. The compositions, properties, and production of commercial glasses are also presented. A chapter is devoted to the use of thermal analysis in the study of glasses, including their crystallization behavior. This expanded, third edition, includes new chapters on doped vitreous silica and the, often overlooked, role of halides on glass formation and properties. In addition, solutions to all of the exercises at the ends of chapters are included for the first time in this edition. This introductory text is ideal for undergraduates in materials science, ceramics, or inorganic chemistry. It will also be useful to the graduate student, engineer, or scientist seeking basic knowledge of the formation, properties, and production of glass in support of their work.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Principles of Glass Formation; Glass Melting; Immiscibility/Phase Separation; Structures of Glasses; Viscosity of Glass Forming Melts; Density and Thermal Expansion; Transport Properties; Mechanical Properties; Optical and Magnetic Properties; Water in Glasses and Melts; Thermal Analysis of Glasses; Glass Technology; Compositions and Properties of Commercial Glasses; Doped Vitreous Silica; Oxyhalide Glasses

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Book SynopsisA collection of Papers Presented at the 28th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites held in conjunction with the 8th International Symposium on Ceramics in Energy Storage and Power Conversion Systems.Table of ContentsPreface. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS, COMPOSITES AND AEROSPACE MATERIALS. Properties of Rare Earth Oxynitride Glasses and the Implications for High Temperature Behaviour of Silicon Nitride Ceramics (S. Hampshire and M. J. Pomeroy). Mechanical Properties of Porous Silicon Nitride From Fine/Coarse Powder Mixture (M. Ishizaki, M. Ando, N. Kondo and T. Ohji). Production and Characterization of Ultra Refractory HfB2-SiC Composites (F. Monteverde and A. Bellosi). Sintering Behaviour of Dense Nanocrystalline Zirconia Ceramics: A Comparative Investigation (M. Wolff, G. Falk and R. Clasen). Direct Evaluation of Local Thermal Conduction in Silicon Nitrides with Enhanced Grain Growth (A. Okada and T. Hori). Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintered SiC-AIN Composites Obtained Without Sintering Bed (C. Magnani and L. Beaulardi). The Influence of Beta Eucryptite Glassceramics on the Structure and Main Properties of Alumina Ceramics (J. A. Geodakyan, A. K. Kostanyan, K. J. Geodakyan, S. T. Sagatelyan and B. V. Petrosyan). Mechanical Behaviour of SiC-Polycrystalline Fiber-Bounded-Ceramics (S. Kajii, K. Matsunaga, M. Sato and T. Ishikawa). Design, Manufacture and Quality Assurance of C/C-SiC Composites for Space Transportation Systems (W. Krenkel, J. L. Hausherr, T. Reimer and M. Frieß). Effect of Fabrication Process on Internal Friction of SiC/SiC Composites (H. Serizawa, S. Sato, H. Araki, T. Noda and A. Kohyama). Effect on Interphase on Transthickness Tensile Strength of High Purity Silicon Carbide Composites (T. Hinoki, Y. Maki, A. Kohyama, E. Lara-Curzio and L. L. Snead). Through-Thickness Properties of 2D Woven SiC/SiC Panels with Various Microstructures (H. M. Yun and J. A. Carlo). An Assessment of Variability in the Average Tensile Properties of a Melt-Infiltrated SiC/SiC Composite (S. Kalluri, A. M. Calomino and D. N. Brewer). Net Shape Manufacturing of Fabric Reinforced Oxide/Oxide Components via Resin Transfer Moulding and Pyrolysis (B. Heidenreich, W. Krenkel, M. Frieß and H. Gedon). In Situ Reaction Deposition Coating of LaPO4 ON Al2O3 Fabric Cloth for Al2O3/Al2)O3 Composites (T. Yano, P. Lee and M. Imai). Effect of Alkali Choice on Geopolymer Properties (W. M. Kriven and J. L. Bell). Thermal Shock Resistance of NEXTEL™610 and NEXTEL™720 Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Mullite Matrix Composites (R. A. Simon and P. Supanic). Tensile Properties of Nextel™ 720-Based Tows and Minicomposites Subjected to High Temperature Soaking (D. M. Pai, S. Yarmolenko, B. Kailasshankar, C. Murphy, J. Sankar and L. P. Zawada). Effect of Monazite Coating on Tensile Behavior of Nextel™ 720 Fibers at High Temperature (D. M. Pai, S. Yarmolenko, E. Freeman, J. Sankar and L. P. Zawada). BN Interphase Processed by LP-CVD from Tris(Dimethylamino) Borane and Characterized Using SiC/SiC Minicomposites (S. Jacques, B. Bonnetor, M. –P. Berthet and H. Vincent). Oxidation Kinetics and Strength Degradation of Carbon Fibers in a Cracked Ceramic Matrix Composite (M. C. Habig). Mechanical Behavior and Oxidation-Resistance of an Orthogonal 3D δ-SIC Fiber/Carbon Matrix Composite (T. Aoki, T. Ogasawara and T. Ishikawa). Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Matrix Composites Exposed to Rig Tests (G. Y. Richardson, C. S. Lei and R. N. Singh). Composition and Microstructural Design for Improved Wear Properties in SiAION Ceramics (M. I. Jones, K. Hirao, Y. Yamauchi and H. Hyuga). Plasma-Treated Silicon Nitrides Exhibiting Ultra-Low Friction (A. Okada, T. Hori, K. Ueoka and J. Ye). Tribiological Properties of Si2N4 / Si3N4-BN Alternate Layered Composites (T. Hirao, K. Hirao and Y. Yamauchi). A Motorcycle Brake System with C/C-SiC Composite Brake Discs (Z. Stadler, M. Kermc, T. Kosma-, and A. Dakskobler). The Tribological Property Effect of Graphite Within a Composite Pad-Cost Iron Baking System (S. Ramouse). High Performance C/C-SiC Brake Pads (W. Krenkel, H. A. El-Hija and M. Kriescher). Sliding Contact Damage of Y- α/β Composite SiALON Ceramics (W. Kanematsu, M. I. Jones and K. Hirao). Processing and Wear Behavior of Cr-Al2O3-ZrO2 and Mo-Al2)3-ZrO2 Composites (R. Janssen, S. Scheppokat, G. De Portu, R. Hannink and N. Claussen). Improving Performance of Polycrystalline Diamond Components in Three Cone Roller Bits Uisng Bibrous Monolith Technology (A. Griffo and D. Belnap). Enhancement of the Fracture Resistance on SiC Fiber (Nicalon™)/SiC Refractory Composites (T. Tanaka, H. Ichikawa, S. Fukumaru and H. Abe). Critical Frontal Process Zone Evaluation of Aluminum Titanate/Aluminia Based Ceramics by SEVNB Technique (C. –H. Chen and H. Awaji). Atomistic Study of Crack Propagation Near the Cu(111)/Al2O3(0001) Interface (S. V. Dmitriev, N. Yoshikawa, M. Hasegawa, Y. Kagawa, M. Kohyama and S. Tanaka). Sensitivity of Silicon Carbide and Other Ceramics to Edge Fracture: Method and Results (G. Gogotsi, S. Mudrik and A. Rendtel). Determination of Elastic Properties of a Ceramic-Based Joint Using a Digital Image Correlation Method (M. Puyo-Pain and J. Lamon). Evaluation of Four Different Experimental Techniques for Determination of Elastic Properties of Solids (M. Radovic, E. Lara-Curzio and L. Riester). Strength Testing System for Ceramic Grains (K. Breder, E. Lara-Curzio and L. Riester). Characterization of C/Enhanced SiC Composite During Creep Rupture Tests Using an Ultrasonic Guided Wave Scan System (D. J. Roth, M. J. Verrilli, R. E. Martin and L. M. Cosgriff). Design of a High Temperature Test Device for Bidirectional Loading for CMC Samples (I. Fischer, T. Reimer and H. Weihs). Biaxial Strength Test of Discs of Different Size Using the Ball on Three Balls Test (A. Börger, R. Danzer and P. Supancic). Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Surface Degradation Mechanisms of Zirconia Based Ceramics (S. Deville, J. Chevalier, G. Fantozzi, J. F. Bartolomé and J. S. Moya). Internal Pressure Testing of Structural Ceramics Tubes (R. H. Carter and J. J. Swab). Characterization of Si³N4 Bars Extracted From Various Regions of a Billet by Resonance and Flex Testing (G. Ojard, M. Ferber, T. Barnett and K. Johnson). Laser Scattering Characterization of Subsurface Defect/Damage in Silicon-Nitride Ceramic Valves (J. G. Sun, J. M. Zhang and M. J. Andrews). A Model for the Bulk Mechanical Response of Porous Ceramics Exhibiting a Ferroelectric-to-Antiferroelectric Phase Transition During Hydrostatic Compression (S. T. Montgomery and D. H. Zeuch). Random Local Load Sharing in Multifilament Bundles: Modeling and Influence on Ceramic Matrix Composite Failure (V. Calard and J. Lamon). Experimental and Numerical Fluid Structure Investigations of a Generic Bodyflap Region Model (R. Schaefer, A. Mack, B. Esser and A. Guelhan). ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS FOR STRUCTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FUNCTIONAL APPLICATIONS. Ultra-High-Temperature Tribometer up to 1600°C (M. Gienau, N. Kelling, N. Köhler and M. Woydt). Erosion of Bare and Coated Polymer Matrix Composites by Solid Particle Impingement (K. Miyoshi, J. K. Sutter, R. A. Horan, S. K. Naik and R. J. Cupp). The Effect of Thermal Mismatch on Stresses, Morphology and Failures in Thermal Barrier Coatings (J. Shi, S. Darzens and A. M. Karlsson). Mechanically Induced Delamination Cracking in Thermal Barrier Composites (T. Wakui, J. Malzbender, E. Wessel, R. W. Steinbrech and L. Singheiser). Investigation of Thermal Fatigue Life of Thermal Barrier Coating (Y. Ohtake and T. Natsumura). Evaluation of Two New Thermal Barrier Coating Materials Produced by APS and EB-PVD (B. Saruhan, U.Schultz, R. Vassen, G. Pracht, P. Bengtsson, C. Friedrich, R. Knoedler, O. Lavigne, P. Moretto, C. Siry, F. Taricco, N. Coignard and R. Wing). Low Thermal Conductivity Ceramics for Turbine Blade Thermal Barrier Coating Application (U. Schulz, B. Saint-Ramond, O. Lavigne, P. Moretto, A. vanLieshout and A. Berger). Solution Precursor Plasma Spray: A Promising New Technique for Forming Functional Nanostructured Films and Coatings (X. Ma, J. Roth, T. D. Xiao, L. D. Xie, M. Gell, E. H. Jordan and N. P. Padture). Further Improvement of the Properties of Sprayed TBC Using Hollow PSZ Spheres (G. Bertrand, P. Roy, C. Meunier, M. Mévrel and D. Demange). Effect of Bond Coat Surface Roughness and Pre-Oxidation on the Thermal Cycling Lifetime of Thermal Barrier Coatings (J. Liu and Y. H. Sohn). Chemical Etching of Silicon Carbide Ceramic Surface in Chlorine-Containing Gas Mixtures (A. V. Zinovev, J. F. Moore, J. Hryn, O. Auciello, J. Carlisle and M. J. Pellin). Micromechanisms Affecting Macroscopic Deformation of Plasma-Sprayed TBCs (E. Trunova, R. Herzog, T. Wakui, R. W. Steinbrech, E. Wessel and L. Singheiser). Stability of Silicon Nitride Coated with Lutetium Disilicate in an Oxidative Environment (T. Suetsuna, M. Ando, M. Ishizaki, T. Ohji and M. Asayama). Effect of Scattering on the Combined Reflection and Thermal Radiation Emission of a Typical Semitransparent TBC Material (C. M. Spuckler). Behavior of Sputter Deposited Aluminia Thin Films Under Subcritical Hydrothermal Condition (S. T. Park and R. H. Baney). Stability and Performance of High Emissivity Coatings for Radiation Coupled Thermionic Converters (P. N. Clark, B. H. C. Chen, W. H. Robertson and H. H. Streckert). Functionally Graded CVD Mullite Environmental Barrier Coatings (S. N. Basu and V. K. Sarin). Corrosion Mechanism of Lu2Si2O7 Phase in Static State Water Vapor Environment (S. Ueno, D. D. Jayaseelan, N. Kondo, T, Ohji and S. Kanzaki). Examination of Fracture Process and Environmental Resistance of Ceramic Matrix Composites (SiC/SiC) (M. Okada, I. Yuri, T. Hisamatsu, A. Nitta, T. Kameda and Y. Yasutomi). Corrosion of Ceramic Materials in Hot Gas Environment (H. Klemm, M. Fritsch and B. Schenk). Optimizing Cu-Cr Coatings for Environmental Protection of Copper Alloys (L. Ogbuji). Characterization of Y2O3-Doped La2Zr2O7 Based EB-PVD Thermal Barrier Coatings Using X-Ray Microtomography (CMT) and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) (B. Saruhan, A. Flores Renteria, A. Kulkarni, F. DeCarlo and J. Ilavsky). Growth of Thermally Grown Oxide on (Ni,Pt)Al Bondcoat During Short Term Oxidation (S. Laxman, Y. H. Sohn and K. S. Murphy). Measuring and Modeling Residual Stresses in Air Plasma Spray Thermal Barrier Coatings (X. Chen, J. Price and J. Ahmad). Formation of Environmental Barrier Coating on Si3N4 by Gas Pressure Sintering (D. D. Jayaseelan, S. Ueno, N. Kondo, T. Phji and S. Kanzaki). BOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS. Wear of a Bioceramic Dental Restorative Material by Tooth Brushing (A. Pallas, H. Engqvist, L. –Å. Lindén and L. Hermansson). Depth-Profiling of Composition and Texture in Human Tooth Enamel – A Functionally Graded Material (I. M. Low). Morphologies of Precipitate in the Carbonate Plus Phosphate Aquenos Solution (W. –Y. Huang and T. –S. Sheu). Calcium Phosphate Ceramics as Substrate for Cartilage Cultivation (R. Janssen, S. Nagel-Heyer, C. Goepfert, R. Pörtner, D. Toykan, O. Krummhauer, M. Morlock, P. A. Adamietz, N. M. Meenen, W. M. Kriven, D. –K. Kim, A. Tampieri and G. Gelotti). Resorbable Polymer Ceramic Composites for Orthopedic Scaffold Applications (R. Vaidyanathan, B. Hecht, A. Studley, T. Phillips and P. D. Calvert). Nanoceramics as Drug Delivery Carriers (W. M. Kriven, S. –Y. Kwak, R. B. Clarkson, B. E. Kitchell, M. A. Wallig and J. –H. Choy). Chemical Processing of Brushite its Conversion to Apatite OR CasP2O7 (A. Cuneyt Tas and S. B. Bhaduri). Chemical Interactions Between Ca-Aluminate Implants and Bone (H. Engqvist, M. Couillard, G. A. Botton, N. Axén, N. O. Ahnfelt and L. Hermansson). Fabrication of Novel Hydroxyapatite/Titanium Composite Coating using rf Reactive Plasma Spraying (Y. Yokogawa, M. Inagaki and T. Kameyama). Manufacturing of Ceramic Dental Components by Means of Electrophoretic Deposition (C. Oetzel, J. Tabellion and R. Clasen). New and Conventional Simulated Body Fluids (H. Takadama, M. T. Hashimoto, Y. Takigawa, M. Mizuno and T. Kokubo). Scratch Testing of a Dental Restorative Material Based on Calcium Aluminate (A. Pallas, H. Engqvist, S. Jacobsson and L. Hermansson). NANOMATERIALS AND BIOMIMETICS. Near-Shape Manufacturing of Complex Silica Glasses by Electrophoretic Deposition of Mixtures of Nanosized and Coarser Particles (J. Tabellion and R. Clasen). Alumina Ceramics by Means of Electrophoretic Deposition of Submicron Powders (A. Braun, M. Wolff, C. Oetzel, J. Tabellion, G. Falk and R. Clasen). Influence of the Synthesis Temperature on the Crystallization Path and Kinetics of YAG Powders (P. Palmero, L. Montanaro, C. Esnouf and G. Fantozzi). High Strenth SiSIC Ceramics Derived From Wood Powders (A. Hofenauer, O. Treusch, F. Tröger, M. Gahr, J. Schmidt, G. Wegener, W. Krenkel and J. Fromm). Development of Screen Printable Sensors with Templated Mesoporous Silica (A. Lindqvist, M. Arenö and E. Carlström). Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived Nanostructured Composite of ZnO/PVP Thin Film as Biosensor (T. Du, H. Song and O. J. Ilgebusi). Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of Carbon Based Films in the System C-N (R. Ramamurti, R. S. Kukreja, L. Guo, V. Shanov and R. N. Singh). Manufacturing of Thick Layers Made From Nanosized SiO2 Powders by Dip-Coating (G. Fehringer and R. Clasen). Mechanical Properties of Ni Embedded Alumina Nanocomposite Thin Films (S. Neralla, D. Kumar, S. Yamolenko and J. Sankar). Synthesis and Crystal Phase Evaluation of Hydroxylapatite Using the Rietveld Maximum Entropy Method (A. V. Chaves de Andrade, J. C. Zurita da Silva, C. O. Paiva-Santos, C. Weber, V. Hizau dos Santos Utuni, S. Mazurek Tebcherani, C. P. Ferreira Borges, E. da Costa and S. Martinez Manent). Processing and Hardness of an Al2O3-MgAl2O4 Nanocomposite (B. W. McEnerney, G. Quinn, V. A. Greenhut, R. K. Sadangi, V. Shukla, B. Kear and D. E. Niesz).

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Book SynopsisThese proceedings contain current research from industry, academia and government organizations, working on opaque and transparent ceramic armor. Papers on novel materials concepts for both vehicle and body armors are included, as well as papers that explore the relationship between computational modeling and property testing. These papers were presented at the Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 22-27, 2006, Cocoa Beach, Florida. Organized and sponsored by The American Ceramic Society and The American Ceramic Society''s Engineering Ceramics Division in conjunction with the Nuclear and Environmental Technology Division.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. A Review of Computational Ceramic Armor Modeling (Charles E. Anderson. Jr.). Silicon Carbide. Biomorphic SiSiC-Materials for Lightweight Armour (Bernhard Heidenreich, Michaela Gahr, Elmar StraDburger, and Ekkehard Lutz). Evaluation of Sic Armor Tile Using Ultrasonic Techniques (J. Scott Steckenrider, William A. Ellingson, Rachel Lipanovich, Jeffrey Wheeler, and Chris Deemer). Spherical Indentation of Sic (A. A. Wereszczak and K. E. Johanns). Damage Modes Correlated to the Dynamic Response of Sic-N (H. Luo and W. Chen). Grain Boundary Chemistry of Sic-Based Armor (Edgardo Pabit, Kerry Siebein, Darryl P. Butt, Helge Heinrich, Darin Ray, Sarbjit Kaur, R. Marc Flinders, and Raymond A. Cutler). Effect of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties on the Ballistic Performance of Sic-Based Ceramics (Darin Ray, Marc Flinders, Angela Anderson, Raymond A. Cutler, James Campbell, and Jane W. Adams). Addition of Excess Carbon to Sic to Study its Effect on Silicon Carbide (Sic) Armor (Chris Ziccardi and Richard Haber). Glass and Transparent Ceramics. Analysis of Time-Resolved Penetration of Long Rods into Glass Targets-l I (Charles E. Anderson, Jr., I. Sidney Chocron, and Carl E. Weiss). Response and Characterization of Confined Borosilicate Glass: Intact and Damaged (Kathryn A. Dannemann, Arthur E. Nicholls, Charles E. Anderson, Jr., Sidney Chocron, and James D. Walker). Constitutive Model for Damaged Borosilicate Glass (Sidney Chocron, James D. Walker, Arthur E. Nicholls, Charles E. Anderson, and Kathryn A. Dannemann). Reaction Sintered LiAlON (Raymond A. Cutler and R. Marc Flinders). Large Area EFGTM Sapphire for Transparent Armor (Christopher D. Jones, Jeffrey B. Rioux, John W. Locher, Herbert E. Bates, Steven A. Zanella, Vincent Pluen, and Mattias Mandelartz). Other Opaque Ceramics. Relationship of Microstructure and Hardness for A120, Armor Materials (Memduh Volkan Demirbas and Richard A. Haber). Root Causes of the Performance of Boron Carbide Under Stress (Giovanni Fanchini, Dale E. Niesz, Richard A. Haber, James W. McCauley, and Manish Chhowalla). Analysis of Texture in Controlled Shear Processed Boron Carbide (D. Maiorano, R. Haber, and G. Fanchini). Damage and Testing. Progress in the Nondestructive Analysis of Impact Damage in Ti62 Armor Ceramics (Joseph M. Wells). Elastic Property Determination of WC Spheres and Estimation of Compressive Loads and lmpact Velocities That Initiate Their Yielding and Cracking (A. A. Wereszczak). On the Role of Impact Damage in Armor Ceramic Performance (Joseph M. Wells). The Indentation Size Effect (ISE) for Knoop Hardness in Five Ceramic Materials (Trevor Wilantewicz, W. Roger Cannon, and George Quinn). Influence of Microstructure on the Indentation-Induced Damage in Silicon Carbide (Jeffrey J. Swab, Andrew A. Wereszczak, Justin Pritchett, and Kurt Johanns). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a one-stop resource with current research on advanced ceramics. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include Processing-Microstructure-Mechanical Properties Correlations; Mechanical Performance of Ternary Compounds; Mechanical Performance of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics; and more. Articles are logically organized to provide insight into various aspects of ceramic materials and advanced ceramics. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers working in ceramics engineering.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. BINARY AND TERNARY CERAMICS. Synthesis and Phase Development in the Cr-AI-N System (M-L. Antti, Y-B. Cheng, and M. Odén). Phase Evolution and Properties of Ti2AIN Based Materials, Obtained by SHS Method (L. Chlubny, J. Lis, and M.M. Bucko). Synthesis of Ti3SiC2 by Reaction of TiC and Si Powders (Ida Kero, Marta-Lena Antti, and Magnus Odén). Toughening of a ZrC Particle-Reinforced Ti3AIC2 Composite (G.M. Song, Q.Xu, W.G. Sloof, S.B. Li, and S. van der Zwaag). Microstructure and Properties of the Cermets Based on Ti(C,N) (S.Q. Zhou, W. Zhao, W.H. Xiong). Scratch-Induced Deformation and Residual Stress in a Zirconium Diboride-Silicon Carbide Composite (Dipankar Ghosh, Ghatu Subhash, and Nina Orlovskaya). Finite Element Modeling of Internal Stress Factors for ZrB2-Sic Ceramics (Michael P. Teague, Gregory E. Hilmas, and William G. Fahrenholtz). Effects of Microstructural Anisotropy on Fracture Behavior of Heat-Pressed Glass-Ceramics and Glass-Infiltrated Alumina Composites for Dental Restorations (Humberto N. Yoshimura, Carla C. Gonzaga, Paulo F. Cesar, and Walter G. Miranda, Jr.) SILICON CARBIDE, CARBON AND OXIDE BASED COMPOSITES. Mechanical Properties of Hi-NICALON S and SA3 Fiber Reinforced SiC/SiC Minicomposites (C. Sauder, A. Brusson, and J. Lamon). The Effect of Holes on the Residual Strength of SiC/SiC Ceramic Composites (G. Ojard, Y. Gowayed, U. Santhosh, J. Ahmad, R. Miller, and R. John). Through Thickness Modulus (E33) of Ceramic Matrix Composites: Mechanical Test Method Confirmation (G. Ojard, T. Barnett, A. Calomino, Y. Gowayed, U. Santhosh, J. Ahmaad, R. Miller. and R. John). The Effects of Si Content and Sic Polytype on the Microstructure and Properties of RBSC (A.L. Marshall, P. Chhillar, P. Karandikar, A. McCorrnick, and M.K. Aghajanian). In-Situ Reaction Sintering of Porous Mullite-Bonded Silicon Carbide, Its Mechanical Behavior and High Temperature Applications (Neelkanth Bardhan and Parag Bhargava). Study on Elasto-Plastic Behavior of Different Carbon Types in Carbon/Carbon Composites (Soydan Ozcan, Jale Tezcan, Jane Y. Howe, and Peter Filip). Effects of Temperature and Steam Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Composite (J.C. Braun and M.B. Ruggles-Wrenn). Characterization of Foreign Object Damage in an Oxide/Oxide Composite at Ambient Temperature (Sung R. Choi and Donald J. Alexander). Processing and Properties of Fiber Reinforced Barium Aluminosilicate Composites for High Temperature Radomes (Richard Cass, Geoffrey Eadon, and Paul Wentzel). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on the behavior and reliability of ceramic macro and micro scale systems. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Topics include Design and Testing Challenges for Ceramic Joints; Structural Design, Testing and Life Prediction of Monolithic and Composite Components; Mechanical Behavior, Design, and Reliability of Small Scale Systems; Environmental Effects on Mechanical Properties; and more. This is a valuable reference for researchers in ceramics engineering.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. CORROSION. Corrosion Resistance of Ceramics in Vaporous and Boiling Sulfuric Acid (C.A. Lewinsohn, H. Anderson, M. Wilson, T. Lillo, and A. Johnson). Thermocouple Interactions during Testing of Melt Infiltrated Ceramic Matrix Composites (G. Ojard, G. Morscher, Y. Gowayed, U. Santhosh, J. Ahmaad, R. Miller, and R. John). Oxidation Resistance of Pressureless-Sintered Sic-AIN-Re2O3 Composites Obtained without Powder Bed (G. Magnani, F. Antolini, L. Beaulardi, F. Burgio, and C. Mingazzini). Characterization of the Re-oxidation Behavior of Anode-Supported SOFCs (Manuel Ettler, Norbert H. Menzler, Hans Peter Buchkremer, Detlev Stover). Healing Behavior of Machining Cracks in Oxide-Based Composite Containing Sic Particles (Toshio Osada, Wataru Nakao, Koji Takahashi, and Kotoji Ando). Effects of Oxidation on the Mechanical Properties of Pressureless-Sintered SiC-AIN-Y2O3 Composites Obtained without Powder Bed (G. Magnani, L. Beaulardi, E. Trentini). Fiber Push Out Testing Before and After Exposure: Results for an MI SiC/SiC Composite (G. Ojard, L. Riester, R. Trejo, R. Annis, Y. Gowayed, G. Morscher, K. An, R. Miller, and R. John). New Ceramics Surface Reinforcing Treatment using a Combination of Crack-Healing and Electron Beam Irradiation (Wataru Nakao, Youhei Chiba, Kotoji Ando, Keisuke Iwata, and Yoshitake Nishi). Effect of Si3N4 on the instability of Li2O-Containing Celsian in the BAS/Si3N4 Composites (Kuo-Tong Lee). FATIGUE, WEAR, AND CREEP. Rolling Contact Fatigue Properties and Fracture Resistance for Silicon Nitride Ceramics with Various Microstructures (Hiroyuki Miyazaki, Wataru Kanematsu, Hideki Hyuga, Yu-ichi Yoshizawa, Kiyoshi Hirao and Tatsuki Ohji). Fretting Fatigue of Engineering Ceramics (Thomas Schalk, Karl-Heinz Lang, and Detlef Lohe). Investigation into Cyclic Frequency Effects on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide Composite (Shankar Mall and Joon-Mo Ahn). Friction and Wear Behavior of AlBC Composites (Ellen Dubensky, Robert Newman, Aleksander J. Pyzik, and Amy Wetzel). Creep of Silicon Nitride Observed In Situ with Neutron Diffraction (G.A. Swift). Hydrothermal Oxidation of Silicon Carbide and Its Bearing on Wet Wear Mechanisms (K.G. Nickel, V. Presser, 0. Krummhauer, A. Kailer, and R. Wirth) RELIABILITY, NDE, AND FRACTOGRAPHY. Probabilistic Design Optimization and Reliability Assessment of High Temperature Thermoelectric Devices (O.M. Jadaan and A.A. Wereszczak). Development of a New Computational Method for Solving lnhomogeneous and Ultra Large Scale Model (H. Serizawa, A. Kawahara, S. ltoh and H. Murakawa). Optical Methods for Nondestructive Evaluation of Subsurface Flaws in Silicon Nitride Ceramics (J.G. Sun, Z.P. Liu, Z.J. Pei, N.S.L. Phillips, and J.A. Jensen). Fractographic Analysis of Miniature Theta Specimens (George D. Quinn). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides a one-stop resource, compiling current research on ceramic coatings and interfaces. It is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society s 32nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, January 27-February 1, 2008. Papers include developments and advances in ceramic coatings for structural, environmental, and functional applications. Articles are logically organized to provide insight into various aspects of ceramic coatings and interfaces. This is a valuable, up-to-date resource for researchers in industry, government, or academia who work in ceramics engineering.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. DAMPING AND EROSION COATINGS. Coatings for Enhanced Passive Damping (Peter J. Torvik). Ceramic Damping Coatings: Evaluating Their Effectiveness and Predicting Added Damping (S. Patsias). Deterioration and Retention of Coated Turbomachinery Blading (Widen Tabakoff, Awatef A. Hamed, and Rohan Swar). Large Area Filtered Arc and Hybrid Coating Deposition Technologies for Erosion and Corrosion Protection of Aircraft Components (V. Gorokhovsky, J. Wallace, C. Bowman, P.E. Gannon, J. O’Keefe, V. Champagne, and M. Pepi). COATINGS TO RESIST WEAR AND TRIBOLOGICAL LOADINGS. Deposition and Characterization of Diamond Protective Coatings on WC-Co Cutting Tools (Y. Tang, S.L. Yang, W.W. Yi, Q. Yang, Y.S. Li, A. Hirose, and R. Wei). Friction and Wear Behavior of Zirconia Ceramic Materials (C. Lorenzo-Martin, O.O. Ajayi, D. Singh. and J.L. Routbort). NANOSTRUCTU R ED COATINGS. Cerium Oxide Thin Films via Ion Assisted Electron Beam Deposition (V. Dansoh, F. Gertz, J. Gurnp, A. Johnson, J. I. Jung, M. Klingensrnith, Y. Liu, Y.D. Liu, J.T. Oxaal, C.J. Wang, G. Wynick, D. Edwards, J.H. Fan, X.W. Wang, P. J. Bush, and A. Fuchser). Formation of Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Films on Ti3SiC2 by Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (S.L. Yang, Q. Yang, W.W. Yi, Y. Tang, T. Regier, R. Blyth, and Z.M. Sun). THERMAL BARRIER COATING PROCESSING, DEVELOPMENT AND MODELING. Process and Equipment for Advanced Thermal Barrier Coatings (Albert Feuerstein, Neil Hitchman, Thomas A. Taylor, and Don Lernen). Corrosion Resistant Thermal Barrier Coating Materials for industrial Gas Turbine Applications (Michael D. Hill, Davin P. Phelps, and Douglas E. Wolfe). Damage Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coating by Growth of TGO Layer (Y. Ohtake). Young’s Modulus and Thermal Conductivity of Nanoporous YSZ Coatings Fabricated by EB-PVD (Byung-Koog Jang, Yoshio Sakka, and Hideaki Matsubara). Influence of Porosity on Thermal Conductivity and Sintering in Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (H. KaOner, A. Stuke, M. Rodig, R. VaOen, and D. Stover). Numerical Investigation of Impact and Solidification of YSZ Droplets Plasma-Sprayed onto a Substrate: Effect of Thermal Properties and Roughness (N. Ferguen, P. Fauchais, A. Vardelle, and D. Gobin). Author Index.

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Book SynopsisCeramography provides detailed instructions on how to saw, mount, grind, polish, etch, examine, interpret and measure ceramic microstructures. This new book includes an atlas of ceramic microstructures, quantitative microstructural example problems with solutions, properties and data tables specific to ceramic microstructures, more than 100 original photographs and illustrations, and numerous practical tips and tricks of the trade. An excellent reference guide for technicians in quality control and R&D, process engineers in ceramic manufacturing, and their counterparts in engineering firms, national laboratories, research institutes, and universities.Table of ContentsIntroduction. Ceramography in Materials Science. Crystallography. Laboratory Safety. Ceramographic Laboratory Design. Ceramic Fabrication. Ceramics Commercial Fabrication of Ceramics Laboratory Fabrication of Ceramics Sawing and Mounting. Sawing. Mounting. Edge Retention. Beveled Edge. Ceramographic Mounting Resins. Grinding and Polishing. Automatic Grinding. Automatic Polishing. Manual Grinding. Manual Polishing. Grinding and Polishing Accessories. Etching. Thermal Etching. Chemical Etching. Electrolytic Etching. Other Etching Methods. Overetched Ceramics. Petrographic Thin Section Preparation. Sawing. Mounting. Grinding. Optics and Microscopy. The Microscope. Köhler Illumination. Magnification and Resolution. Depth of Field. Differential Interference Contrast. Dark-Field Illumination. Oil Immersion. Stereomicroscopy. Crystal Optics. Petrography-Transmitted Light and Thin Sections. Replication and Field Ceramography. Sputter Coating. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Other Microscope Types. As-Fired Surface. Stereo Pairs. Acoustic Microscopy. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Micrography. Atlas of Ceramic Microstructures. Alumina. Borides. Carbides. Composites. Metallized Ceramics. Nitrides. Oxides. Silicon Carbide. Spinel. Zirconia. Quantitative Ceramography. Stereology. Grain Size. Grain Shape. Porosity and Second-Phase Content. Microindentation Hardness. Toughness. Qualitative Ceramography. Morphology. Phase Determination. Preferred Orientation. Fractography. Artifacts. Image Analysis. Algorithm. Critical Aspects. Measurements. Digital Images. Appendix A: ASTM Procedures Applicable to Ceramography. Headings in the ASTM Subject Index. Appendix B: Ceramographic Equipment Manufacturers. Appendix C: Abrasive Size Equivalents.

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Book SynopsisThis updated edition of Dr A E Dodd''s classic ceramics dictionary contains over 2000 new terms, including terminology covering new developments in engineering ceramics, electroceramics, whiteware processes and environmental legislation. The coverage of glass, vitreous enamel and the cement industries has been widened and relevant areas of basic science i.e. crystal structure, fracture mechanics and sintering, have been included.

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Book SynopsisThis meeting was organised on behalf of the Ceramic Science Committee of the Ceramic Industry Division of the Institute of Materials to draw together papers on various aspects of novel production and processing techniques for ceramics. This volume contains the proceedings papers.

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Book SynopsisThis book explains the refractories from different fundamental aspects, even with the support of phase diagrams, and also details the prominent applications of these industrial materials. The initial chapters cover fundamentals of refractories, classifications, properties, and testing, while later chapters describe different common shaped and unshaped refractories in detail and special refractories in a concise manner. The second edition includes new classifications, microstructures, the effect of impurities with binary and ternary phase diagrams, and recent trends in refractories including homework problems and an updated bibliography.Features: Provides exclusive material on refractories Discusses detailed descriptions of different shaped and unshaped refractories Covers concepts like environmental issues, recycling, and nanotechnology Explores details on testing and specifications including thermochemical and corrosion behavior IncTable of Contents1. Refractory . 2. Classifications of refractories. 3. Idea of properties. 4. Standards and testing. 5. Silica refractories. 6. Alumina refractories. 7. Fire clay refractories. 8. Magnesia refractories. 9. Dolomite refractories. 10. Chromite, mag-chrome and chrome-mag refractories. 11. Magnesia-carbon refractories. 12. Special refractories. 13. Unshaped (monolithic) refractories. 14. Trend of refractories and other issues.

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Book SynopsisThe book consists of a series of edited chapters, each written by an expert in the field and focusing on a particular characterization technique as applied to glass.Table of ContentsPreface xiii List of Contributors xv 1 DENSITY, THERMAL PROPERTIES, AND THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF GLASSES 1Steve Feller Part I: Introduction to Physical Properties and Their Uses 1 Part II: Density 2 1.1 Density: Experimental Background and Theory 2 1.1.1 Overview 2 1.1.2 Experimental Methods and Theory 3 1.1.3 Instrumentation Used for Determining Density 7 1.1.4 Analysis of Data, Extraction of Useful Information, and Other Ways to Express Density 8 1.1.5 Case Studies from Some Glass Systems 13 1.1.6 Conclusion to Density Measurements 19 Part III: Thermal Effects with a Focus on the Glass Transition Temperature 20 1.2 OVERVIEW 20 1.3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND THEORY 20 1.3.2 Differential Thermal Analysis 22 1.4 INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR DETERMINING Tg AND RELATED THERMAL EVENTS 23 1.4.1 DSCs 23 1.4.2 Differential Thermal Analysis 23 1.5 ANALYSIS OF DATA AND EXTRACTION OF USEFUL INFORMATION 25 1.6 CASE STUDIES FROM GLASS SYSTEMS 26 1.6.1 The Glass Transition Temperatures of Barium Borosilicate Glasses [18] 26 1.6.2 Stability Parameters in Lithium Borate Glasses [18] 27 1.7 CONCLUSION TO THERMAL PROPERTIES 30 2 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 32E.I. Kamitsos 2.1 INTRODUCTION 32 2.2 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 34 2.2.1 Refractive Index and Dielectric Function 34 2.2.2 Reflectance Spectroscopy of Bulk Materials 36 2.2.3 Infrared Spectra of Thin Films 42 2.3 INSTRUMENTATION 44 2.4 ANALYSIS OF INFRARED DATA 48 2.4.1 Bulk Glasses 48 2.4.2 Thin Films of Amorphous Materials 52 2.5 CASE STUDIES 54 2.5.1 Bulk Glasses 54 2.5.2 Glass Thin Films 63 2.6 CONCLUSIONS 68 3 RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 74Rui M. Almeida and Luis F. Santos 3.1 INTRODUCTION 74 3.2 BACKGROUND 76 3.2.1 Theory 76 3.2.2 Selection Rules 78 3.2.3 Depolarization of Raman Lines 79 3.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS 80 3.3.1 Light Source 81 3.3.2 Sample Compartment 82 3.3.3 Spectrometer 82 3.3.4 Detector 83 3.3.5 Micro-Raman Spectrometers 84 3.3.6 Resolution 85 3.3.7 Data Analysis 86 3.4 CASE STUDIES 87 3.4.1 Structural Effects of Alkali Incorporation in Silicate Glasses 87 3.4.2 Phase Separation Mechanisms in Transition Metal Phosphate Glasses 92 3.4.3 Raman Study of Niobium Germanosilicate Glasses And Glass-Ceramics 96 3.4.4 Raman Spectroscopy of Chalcogenide Glasses 99 3.5 CONCLUSIONS 103 4 BRILLOUIN LIGHT SCATTERING 107John Kieffer 4.1 INTRODUCTION 107 4.2 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 110 4.3 INSTRUMENTATION 117 4.4 DATA ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION CONTENT 126 4.5 EXAMPLES OF CASE STUDIES 133 4.5.1 Room-Temperature Glass 133 4.5.2 Temperature Dependence, Glass Transition, and Visco-Elasticity 137 4.5.3 Spatially Confined Systems (e.g., Thin Films) 146 4.5.4 Systems Under Pressure 149 4.5.5 Mechanically Fragile Systems, Soft Matter, and Gels 151 4.6 SUMMARY 154 5 NEUTRON DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF GLASSES 158Alex C. Hannon 5.1 INTRODUCTION 158 5.2 INSTRUMENTATION 159 5.2.1 The Neutron 159 5.2.2 The Interactions between a Neutron and a Sample 160 5.2.3 Neutron Sources 161 5.2.4 Neutron Diffractometers 164 5.3 THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF NEUTRON DIFFRACTION ON GLASSES 169 5.3.1 The Static Approximation 169 5.3.2 Scattering from a Single Nucleus 169 5.3.3 Scattering from an Assembly of Nuclei 170 5.3.4 Isotropic Samples 171 5.3.5 Coherent and Incoherent (Distinct and Self) Scattering 171 5.3.6 Atomic Vibrations 173 5.3.7 Real-space Correlation Functions 180 5.4 THE APPLICATION OF NEUTRON DIFFRACTION TO STUDIES OF GLASS STRUCTURE 186 5.4.1 Experimental Corrections 186 5.4.2 Resolution 190 5.4.3 Peak Fitting and Integration 194 5.4.4 Normalization of Data 198 5.4.5 Scattering at low Q 200 5.4.6 Sample-Related Difficulties 203 5.4.7 Partial Correlation Functions 209 5.4.8 Interpretation of Results 218 5.4.9 Modeling 226 5.4.10 The PDF Method 229 6 X-RAY DIFFRACTION FROM GLASS 241Christopher J. Benmore 6.1 INTRODUCTION 241 6.2 BACKGROUND/THEORY 244 6.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA, EXTRACTION OF USEFUL INFORMATION 249 6.4 INSTRUMENTATION 255 6.5 CASE STUDIES 258 6.5.1 SiO2 and Oxide Glasses 258 6.5.2 Chalcogenide Glasses 263 6.5.3 Amorphous Materials, Gels, Foams and Fibers 264 6.6 CONCLUSIONS 264 7 XAFS SPECTROSCOPY AND GLASS STRUCTURE 271Giuseppe Dalba and Francesco Rocca 7.1 INTRODUCTION 271 7.2 THE ORIGINS OF X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTRA 272 7.3 XAFS INSTRUMENTATION 274 7.4 THE PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF XAFS 278 7.5 EXAFS 279 7.5.1 EXAFS Formula for Glasses 282 7.6 XAFS DATA ANALYSIS 284 7.6.1 Corrections for Instrumental Errors 284 7.6.2 Pre-edge Background Subtraction 284 7.6.3 Post-edge Background Subtraction 285 7.6.4 Normalization 286 7.6.5 Conversion to k-Space, Choice of Threshold Energy E0 and Weighting 286 7.6.6 Transformation from k-Space to R-Space 286 7.6.7 Fourier Filtering: Reverse Transformation: from R-Space to k-Space 287 7.6.8 Log Amplitude Ratio and Phases Difference Method 288 7.6.9 Fitting Procedure 288 7.7 EXAFS ACCURACY AND LIMITATIONS 289 7.8 XANES 290 7.9 XAFS SPECTROSCOPY APPLIED TO GLASS STRUCTURE: SOME EXAMPLES 291 7.9.1 Silicate Glasses 292 7.9.2 Silica Glass 294 7.9.3 Silica at High Temperature 294 7.9.4 Silica and Germania Glasses under High Pressure 297 7.9.5 Nanoparticles Embedded in Glasses 300 7.9.6 Study of Ionic Conductivity in Superionic Conducting Glasses Doped with AgI 307 7.10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 309 8 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 315Scott Kroeker 8.1 INTRODUCTION 315 8.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 316 8.2.1 Zeeman Effect 316 8.2.2 Magnetic Shielding 318 8.2.3 Quadrupolar Interaction 319 8.2.4 Dipolar Interactions 320 8.2.5 High Resolution Methodologies 320 8.3 INSTRUMENTATION 323 8.3.1 Magnet 323 8.3.2 Probe 325 8.3.3 Radiofrequency Components 326 8.3.4 Computer Control 326 8.3.5 Measurement Uncertainty 327 8.4 DATA ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION 329 8.4.1 Chemical Shift Assignments 329 8.4.2 Information from Quadrupolar Effects 330 8.4.3 Low-gamma Nuclei 332 8.4.4 Paramagnetic Effects 333 8.5 CASE STUDIES 333 8.5.1 Borophosphate Glasses 333 8.5.2 Aluminosilicate Glasses 336 8.5.3 Borosilicate Glasses 337 8.5.4 Modifier Cations in Alkali Borate Glasses 340 8.6 CONCLUSIONS 341 9 ADVANCED DIPOLAR SOLID STATE NMR SPECTROSCOPY OF GLASSES 345Hellmut Eckert 9.1 INTRODUCTION 345 9.2 THEORETICAL ASPECTS 347 9.2.1 Direct Magnetic Dipole-Dipole Coupling 348 9.2.2 Indirect Magnetic Dipole-Dipole Coupling 349 9.3 HETERONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTS 349 9.3.1 Spin Echo Double Resonance 349 9.3.2 Rotational Echo Double Resonance 350 9.3.3 Rotational Echo Adiabatic Passage Double Resonance 353 9.3.4 Cross-polarization 354 9.3.5 Connectivity Studies Based on the Detection of Indirect Spin-Spin Interactions 358 9.3.6 Instrumental Considerations and Caveats. 358 9.4 HOMONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTS 360 9.4.1 Static Spin Echo Decay Spectroscopy 360 9.4.2 Homonuclear Dipolar Recoupling Experiments 362 9.4.3 Instrumental Considerations and Caveats 369 9.5 CASE STUDIES 370 9.5.1 Spatial Distributions of Mobile Ions in Alkali Silicate and Borate Glasses 370 9.5.2 Connectivity Distribution in 70 SiO2-30 [(Al2 O3)x(P2O5)1-x] Glasses 374 9.5.3 Speciations and Connectivity Distributions in Borophosphate and Thioborophosphate Glasses 380 10 ATOM PROBE TOMOGRAPHY OF GLASSES 391Daniel Schreiber and Joseph V. Ryan 10.1 INTRODUCTION 391 10.2 BACKGROUND AND THEORY 392 10.3 INSTRUMENTATION 395 10.3.1 APT Specimen Preparation 399 10.3.2 Experimental Procedure and Parameters 401 10.3.3 Data Reconstruction 403 10.4 ANALYSIS METHODS 409 10.4.1 Estimating Error 412 10.5 CASE STUDIES 417 10.5.1 Composition 418 10.5.2 Interfaces 420 10.5.3 Conclusions 424 Index 431

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Book SynopsisThis book is the first introduction/reference to the computer simulation of glass materials, which are growing in their applications such as telephone technology, construction materials, aerospace materials and more.Trade ReviewModeling and simulation are crucial for understanding structure-property relationships in glass-forming systems and for accelerating the design of next-generation glassy materials. Atomistic Simulations of Glasses is a comprehensive volume dedicated to the topic of atomic-scale modeling of glassy materials, with particular emphasis on silicate glasses of practical industrial interest. As such, this book fills a critical gap in the literature, offering an excellent introduction for newcomers to atomistic modeling, as well as a comprehensive and state-of-the-art reference for practitioners in the field. Atomistic Simulations of Glasses, published by ACerS-Wiley, consists of 15 chapters written by experts from around the world. It is edited by two leading authorities in computational glass science: Jincheng Du (University of North Texas) and Alastair N. Cormack (Alfred University). The book itself is gorgeous, printed in full color on high-quality paper. It is designed in a reader-friendly format, including a comprehensive index, an extensive list of references at the end of each chapter, and a helpful table to decode every acronym used throughout the book. Each chapter is well written and has been carefully polished. The text also flows smoothly across chapters, which is sometimes a problem in edited volumes. The first five chapters are devoted to fundamentals of atomistic modeling techniques for glassy systems, including classical simulation methods (Chapter 1), quantum mechanical techniques (Chapter 2), reverse Monte Carlo (Chapter 3), structural analysis methods (Chapter 4), and topological constraint theory (Chapter 5). Each of these chapters does a great job at providing both foundational knowledge and discussing the state-of-the-art in methods and tools. The chapter on topological constraint theory is especially interesting because this is a family of techniques developed specifically for glassy materials. The latter 10 chapters of the book focus on application of these techniques for simulating various glass families of interest. These chapters cover a wide range of silicate, aluminosilicate, and borosilicate glasses, as well as phosphate, fluoride, and oxyfluoride systems. The coverage of transition metal and rare-earth-containing glasses is also a nice touch. There is a particular emphasis on bioactive glasses and glasses for nuclear waste immobilization. As a whole, the 10 application-focused chapters do an excellent job demonstrating the utility and versatility of atomistic simulation approaches for addressing problems of practical concern in the glass science and engineering community. These chapters also provide good perspective on specific needs for future developments in the field. There are a few missing topics that would have been valuable to include in the book. While reactive force fields are mentioned briefly, an entire chapter devoted to the principles and applications of reactive force fields such as ReaxFF would have been a nice addition, especially because reactive force fields are becoming increasingly important in the glass science community. Also, given the importance of thermal history in governing the structure and properties of glasses, it would have been worthwhile to include a chapter on accessing long time scales, e.g., using kinetic Monte Carlo, meta-dynamics, or the activation-relaxation technique, all of which have been applied to noncrystalline systems in the literature and can enable simulations to access experimental time scales. It also would have been helpful to expand the chapter on reverse Monte Carlo to include other Monte Carlo techniques more broadly; for example, Metropolis Monte Carlo is a computationally efficient alternative to molecular dynamics for calculating glass structure and static properties. Finally, given the large amount of research activity in modeling of metallic glasses, a chapter on atomistic simulations of metallic glasses would be a nice addition. Overall, Atomistic Simulations of Glasses is a very welcome addition to the literature and highly recommended for both students and professionals in the field of computational glass science.—John C. Mauro is a Dorothy Pate Enright Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at The Pennsylvania State UniversityTable of ContentsPreface Part I Fundamentals of Atomistic Simulations Chapter 1 Classical simulation methods Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Simulation techniques 1.2.1 Molecular dynamics (MD) 1.2.1.1 Integrating the equations of motion 1.2.1.2 Thermostats and barostats 1.2.2 Monte Carlo (MC) eimulations 1.2.2.1 Kinetic Monte Carlo 1.2.2.2 Reverse Monte Carlo 1.3 The Born Model 1.3.1 Ewald summation 1.3.2 Potentials 1.3.2.1 Transferability of potential parameters: Self-consistent sets 1.3.2.2 Ion polarizability 1.3.2.3 Potential models for borates 1.3.2.4 Modelling reactivity: electron transfer 1.4 Calculation of Observables 1.4.1 Atomic structure 1.4.2 Hyperdynamics and peridynamics 1.5 Glass Formation 1.5.1 Bulk structures 1.5.2 Surfaces and fibers 1.6 Geometry optimization and property calculations 1.7 References Chapter 2 Ab initio simulation of amorphous solids Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Big picture 2.1.2 The limits of experiment 2.1.3 Synergy between experiment and modeling 2.1.4 History of simulations and the need for ab initio methods 2.1.5 The difference between ab initio and classical MD 2.1.6 Ingredients of DFT 2.1.7 What DFT can provide 2.1.8 The emerging solution for large systems and long times: Machine Learning 2.1.9 A practical aid: Databases 2.2 Methods to produce models 2.2.1 Simulation Paradigm: Melt Quench 2.2.2 Information Paradigm 2.2.3 Teaching chemistry to RMC: FEAR 2.2.4 Gap Sculpting 2.3 Analyzing the models 2.3.1 Structure 2.3.2 Electronic Structure 2.3.3 Vibrational Properties 2.4 Conclusion 2.5 Acknowledgements 2.6 References Chapter 3 Reverse Monte Carlo simulations of non-crystalline solids Abstract 3.1 Introduction -- why RMC is needed? 3.2 Reverse Monte Carlo modeling 3.2.1. Basic RMC algorithm 3.2.2. Information deficiency 3.2.3. Preparation of reference structures: hard sphere Monte Carlo 3.2.4. Other methods for preparing suitable structural models 3.3 Topological analyses 3.3.1. Ring statistics 3.3.2. Cavity analyses 3.3.3. Persistent homology analyses 3.4 Applications 3.4.1 Single component liquid and amorphous materials 3.4.1.1 l-Si and a-Si 3.4.1.2 l-P under high pressure and high temperature 3.4.2 Oxide glasses 3.4.2.1 SiO2 glass 3.4.2.2 R2O-SiO2 glasses (R=Na, K) 3.4.2.3 CaO-Al2O3 glass 3.4.3 Chalcogenide glasses 3.4.4 Metallic glasses 3.5 Summary 3.6 Acknowledgments 3.7 References Chapter 4 Structure analysis and property calculations abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Structure Analysis 4.2.1 Salient features of glass structures 4.2.2 Classification of the range order. 4.3 Real Space Correlation functions.Spectroscopic properties: validating the structural models 4.3.1 X-ray and Neutron diffraction spectra 4.3.2 Vibrational spectra 4.3.3 NMR spectra 4.4 Transport properties 4.4.1 Diffusion coefficient and diffusion activation energy 4.4.2 Viscosity 4.4.3 Thermal conductivity 4.5 Mechanical Properties 4.5.1 Elastic constants 4.5.2 Stress-strain diagrams and fracture mechanism 4.6 Concluding remarks 4.7 References Chapter 5 Topological constraint theory of glass: counting constraints by molecular dynamics simulations Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Background and topological constraint theory 5.2.1 Rigidity of mechanical networks 5.2.2 Application to atomic networks 5.2.3 Constraint enumeration under mean-field approximation 5.2.4 Polytope-based description of glass rigidity 5.2.5 Impact of temperature 5.2.6 Need for molecular dynamics simulations 5.3 Counting constraints from molecular dynamics simulations 5.3.1 Constraint enumeration based on the relative motion between atoms 5.3.2 Computation of the internal stress 5.3.3 Computation of the floppy modes 5.3.5 Dynamical matrix analysis 5.4 Conclusions 5.5 References Part II Applications of Atomistic Simulations in Glass Research Chapter 6 History of atomistic simulations of glasses Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Simulation techniques 6.2.1 Monte Carlo techniques 6.2.2 Molecular dynamics 6.3 Classical simulations: interatomic potentials 6.3.1 Potential models for silica 6.3.1.1 Silica: quantum mechanical simulations 6.3.2 Modified silicates and aluminosilicates 6.3.3 Borate glasses 6.3.3.1 Borates: quantum mechanical simulations 6.4 Simulation of surfaces 6.5 Computer science and engineering 6.6.1 Software 6.6.2 Hardware 6.6 References Chapter 7 Silica and silicate glasses Abstract 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Atomistic simulations of silicate glasses: ingredients and critical aspects 7.3 Characterization and experimental validation of structural and dynamic features of simulated glasses 7.3.1 Structural characterizations 7.3.2 Dynamic properties of simulated glasses 7.3.3 Validation and experimental confirmation of structural and dynamic properties 7.3.3.1 Diffraction methods 7.3.3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 7.3.3.3 Vibrational spectral characterization 7.4 MD simulations of silica glasses 7.5 MD simulations of alkali silicate and alkali earth silicate glasses 7.5.1 Local environments and distribution of alkali ions 7.5.2 The mixed alkali effect 7.6 MD simulations of aluminosilicate glasses 7.7 MD simulations of nanoporous silica and silicate glasses 7.8 AIMD simulations of silica and silicate glasses 7.9 Summary and Outlook Acknowledgements References Chapter 8 Borosilicate and boroaluminosilicate glasses 8.1 Abstract 8.2 Introduction 8.3 Experimental determination and theoretical models of boron N4 values in borosilicate glass 8.3.1 Experimental results on boron coordination number 8.3.2 Theoretical models in predicting boron N4 value 8.4 ab initio versus classical MD simulations of borosilicate glasses 8.5 Empirical potentials for borate and borosilicate glasses 8.5.1 Recent development of rigid ion potentials for borosilicate glasses 8.5.2 Development of polarizable potentials for borate and borosilicate glasses 8.6 Evaluation of the potentials 8.7 Effects of cooling rate and system size on simulated borosilicate glass structures 8.8 Applications of MD simulations of borosilicate glasses 8.8.1 Borosilicate glass 8.8.2 Boroaluminosilicate glasses 8.8.3 Boron oxide-containing multi-component glass 8.9 Conclusions 8.10 Appendix: Available empirical potentials for boron-containing systems 8.10.1 Borosilicate and boroaluminosilicate potentials-Kieu et al and Deng&Du 8.10.2 Borosilicate potential- Wang et al 8.10.3 Borosilicate potential-Inoue et al 8.10.4 Boroaluminosilicate potential-Ha and Garofalini 8.10.5 Borosilicate and boron-containing oxide glass potential-Deng and Du 8.10.6 Borate, boroaluminate and borosilicate potential-Sundararaman et al 8.10.7 Borate and borosilicate polarizable potential-Yu et al 8.10 Acknowledgements 8.11 References Chapter 9 Nuclear waste glasses 9.1 Preamble 9.2 Introduction to French nuclear glass 9.2.1 Chemical composition 9.2.2 About the long term behavior (irradiation, glass alteration, He accumulation) 9.2.3 What can atomistic simulations contribute? 9.3 Computational methodology 9.3.1 Review of existing classical potentials for borosilicate glasses 9.3.2 Preparation of a glass 9.3.3 Displacement cascade simulations 9.3.4 Short bibliography about simplified nuclear glass structure studies 9.4 Simulation of radiation effects in simplified nuclear glasses 9.4.1 Accumulation of displacement cascades and the thermal quench model 9.4.2 Preparation of disordered and depolymerized glasses 9.4.3 Origin of the hardness change under irradiation 9.4.4 Origin of the fracture toughness change under irradiation 9.5 Simulation of glass alteration by water 9.5.1 Contribution from ab initio calculations 9.5.2 Contribution from Monte Carlo simulations 9.6 Gas incorporation: radiation effects on He solubility 9.6.1 Solubility model 9.6.2 Interstitial sites in SiO2-B2O3-Na2O glasses 9.6.3 Discussion about He solubility in relation to the radiation effects 9.7 Conclusions 9.8 Acknowledgements 9.9 References Chapter 10 Phosphate glasses Abstract 10.1 Introduction to phosphate glasses 10.1.1 Applications of phosphate glasses 10.1.2 Synthesis of phosphate glasses 10.1.3 The modified random network model applied to phosphate glasses 10.1.4 The tetrahedral phosphate glass network 10.1.5 Modifier cations in phosphate glasses 10.2 Modelling methods for phosphate glasses 10.2.1 Configurations of atomic coordinates 10.2.2 Molecular modelling versus reverse Monte Carlo modelling 10.2.3 Classical vs. ab initio molecular modelling 10.2.4 Evaluating the simulation of interatomic interactions 10.2.5 Evaluating models of glasses by comparison with experimental data 10.3 Modelling pure vitreous P2O5 10.3.1 Modelling of crystalline P2O5 10.3.2 Modelling of vitreous P2O5 10.3.3 Cluster models of vitreous P2O5 10.4 Modelling phosphate glasses with monovalent cations 10.4.1 Modelling lithium phosphate glasses 10.4.2 Modelling sodium phosphate glasses 10.4.3 Modelling phosphate glasses with other monovalent cations 10.4.4 Modelling phosphate glasses with monovalent cations and addition of halides 10.4.5 Cluster models of alkali phosphate glasses 10.5 Modelling phosphate glasses with divalent cations 10.5.1 Modelling zinc phosphate glasses 10.5.2 Modelling zinc phosphate glasses with additional cations 10.5.3 Modelling alkaline earth phosphate glasses 10.5.4 Modelling lead phosphate glasses 10.6 Modelling phosphate based glasses for biomaterials applications 10.6.1 Modelling Na2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses with 45 mol% P2O5 10.6.2 Modelling Na2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses with 50 mol% P2O5 10.6.3 Modelling Na2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses with additional cations 10.7 Modelling phosphate glasses with trivalent cations 10.7.1 Modelling iron phosphate glasses 10.7.2 Cluster models of iron phosphate glasses 10.7.3 Modelling trivalent rare earth phosphate glasses 10.7.4 Modelling aluminophosphate glasses 10.8 Modelling phosphate glasses with tetravalent and pentavalent cations 10.9 Modelling phosphate glasses with mixed network formers 10.9.1 Modelling borophosphate glasses 10.9.2 Modelling phosphosilicate glasses 10.10 Modelling bioglass 45S and related glasses 10.10.1 Modelling bioglass 45S and related glasses from the same system 10.10.2 Modelling bioglass 45S and related glasses with additional components 10.11 Summary 10.12 References Chapter 11 Bioactive glasses Abstract 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Methodology 11.3 Development of interatomic potentials 11.4 Structure of 45S5 Bioglass 11.5 Inclusion of ions into bioactive glass and the effect on structure and bioactivity 11.6 Glass nanoparticles and surfaces 11.7 Discussion and future work Bibliography Chapter 12 Rare earth and transition metal containing glasses Abstract 12.1 Introduction 12.1.1 Transition metal and rare earth oxides in glasses: importance and potential applications 12.1.2 Effects of local structures and clustering behaviors of RE and TM ions on properties 12.1.3 Redox reaction and multioxidation states of TM and RE ions 12.1.4 Effect of composition on multioxidation states in glasses containing TM 12.1.5 The role of MD in investigating TM and RE containing glasses 12.2 Simulation methodologies 12.2.1 Interatomic potentials and glass simulations 12.2.2 Cation environment and clustering analysis 12.2.3 Diffusion and dynamic property calculations 12.2.4 Electronic structure calculations 12.3 Case studies of MD simulations of RE and TM containing glasses 12.3.1 Rare earth doped silicate and aluminophosphate glasses for optical applications 12.3.1.1 Erbium doped silica and silicate glasses: from melt-quench to ion implantation 12.3.1.2 Europium and praseodymium doped silicate glasses 12.3.1.3 Cerium doped aluminophosphate glasses: atomic structure and charge trapping 12.3.2 Alkali vanadophosphate glasses as a mixed conductor 12.3.2.1 General features of vanadophosphate glasses 12.3.2.2 Sodium vanadophosphate glass 12.3.2.3 Lithium vanadophosphate glass 12.3.3 Zirconia containing aluminosilicate and borosilicate glasses for nuclear waste disposal 12.4 Conclusions Acknowledgement References Chapter 13 Halide and oxyhalide glasses Abstract 13.1 Introduction 13.2 General Structure Features of Fluoride and Oxyfluoride Glasses 13.2.1 Structure Features of Fluoride Glasses 13.2.2 Structure Features of Oxyfluoride Glasses 13.2.3 Phase Separation in Fluoride and Oxyfluoride Glasses 13.3 Structures and Properties of Fluoride Glasses from MD Simulations 13.3.1 General Structures from MD simulations 13.3.2 Cation Coordination and Structural Roles 13.3.3 Fluorine Environments 13.4 MD Simulations of Fluoroaluminosilicate Oxyfluoride Glasses 13.4.1 Oxide and Fluoride Glass Phase Separation Observed from MD Simulations 13.4.2 Oxide-Fluoride Interfacial Structure Features from MD simulations 13.4.3 Correlation of Structural Features between MD and Crystallization 13.5 ab initio MD simulations of oxyfluoride glasses 13.6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 14 Glass surface simulations abstract 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Classical molecular dynamics surface simulations 14.2.1 amorphous silica surfaces 14.2.2 Multicomponent oxide glass surfaces 14.2.2.1 Bioactive glasses 14.2.3 Wet glass surfaces 14.2.3.1 Reactive potentials 14.3 First Principles Surface Simulations 14.3.1 Silica glass surfaces 14.3.2 Multicomponent glass surfaces 14.3.3 Wet glass surfaces 14.4 Summary Acknowledgements References Chapter 15 Simulations of glass - water interactions Abstract 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Glass Dissolution Process and Experimental Characterizations 15.1.2 Types of Atomistic Simulation Methods for Studying Glass-Water Interactions 15.2 First-Principles Simulations of Glass-Water Interactions 15.2.1 Brief Introduction to Methods 15.2.2 Energy Barriers for Si-O-Si Bond Breakage 15.2.3 Reaction Mechanism for Si-O-Si Bond Breakage 15.2.4 Strained Si-O-Si linkages 15.2.5 Reaction Energies for Multicomponent Linkages 15.2.6 Effect of pH on Si-O-Si Hydrolysis Reactions 15.2.7 Nanoconfinement of water in porous materials 15.2.8 Oniom or QM/MM simulations 15.2.9 Areas for improvement/additional research 15.3 Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations of water-glass interactions 15.3.1 Brief Introduction and History 15.3.2 Non-Reactive Potentials 15.3.3 Reactive Potentials 15.3.4 Silica Glass-Water Interactions 15.3.5 Silicate Glass – Water Interactions 15.3.6 Other glasses – water interactions 15.3.7 Areas for Improvement 15.4 Challenges and Outlook 15.4.1 Extending the Length and Time Scales of Atomistic Simulation 15.4.2 Reactive Potential Development 15.5 Conclusion Remarks 15.6 Acknowledgements 15.7 References

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Book SynopsisA collection of 15 papers from The American Ceramic Society's 40th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 24-29, 2016. This issue includes papers presented in Symposia 6 - Advanced Materials and Technologies for Energy Generation, Conversion, and Rechargeable Energy Storage; Symposium 13 - Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Sustainable Nuclear Energy and Fusion Energy, and Focused Session 2 Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy.Table of ContentsPreface vii Introduction ix ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR SUSTAINABLE NUCLEAR FISSION AND FUSION ENERGY Low Temperature Air Braze Process for Joining Silicon Carbide Components Used in Heat Exchangers, Fusion and Fission Reactors, and Other Energy Production and Chemical Synthesis Systems 3 J. R. Fellows, C. A. Lewinsohn, Y. Katoh, and T. Koyanagi Composition, Structure, Manufacture, and Properties of SiC-SiC CMCs for Nuclear Applications: Informational Chapters in the ASME BPV Code Section III 17Michael G. Jenkins, Stephen T. Gonczy, and Yutai Katoh Hoop Tensile Strength of Composite Tubes for LWRS Applications Using Internal Pressurization: Two ASTM Test Methods 23Michael G. Jenkins, Jonathan A. Salem, and Janine E. Gallego Used Fuel Content Verification Using Lead Slowing Down Spectroscopy 31 Matthew G. Smith and Raghunath KanakalaApplication of Selective Area Laser Deposition to the Manufacture of SiC-SiC Composite Nuclear Fuel Cladding 37R. Neall, T. Abram, and M. Goodfellow Synthesis of High Purity Li5AlO4 Powder by Solid State Reaction Under the H2 Firing 49Seiya Ogawa, Kiyoto Shin-mura, Yu Otani, Eiki Niwa, Takuya Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Hoshino, and Kazuya Sasakia Laser-Printed Ceramic Fiber Ribbons: Properties and Applications 61Shay Harrison, Joseph Pegna, John L. Schneiter, Kirk L Williams, and Ram K. Goduguchinta Development of Caulked Joint Between Zircaloy and SiC/SiC Composite Tubes by Using Diode Laser 73Hisashi Serizawa, Masahiro Tsukamoto, Yuuki Asakura, Joon-Soo Park, Akira Kohyama, Hirotaka Motoki, Daisuke Tanigawa, and Hirotatsu Kishimoto ADVANCED CERAMIC MATERIALS AND PROCESSING FOR PHOTONICS AND ENERGY Processing and Optical Properties of Ge-Core Fibers 85Mustafa Ordu, Jicheng Guo, Boyin Tai, James Bird, Siddharth Ramachandran, and Soumendra Basu Development of Transthickness Tension Test Method for Ceramic Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures 93Hisato Inoue, Masahiro Takanashi, and Takeshi Nakamura Microstructure Analysis of the Epitaxial Growth of Cu2O on Gold Nano-Islands 103E. L. Kennedy, J. B. Coulter, D. P. Birnie III, and F. Cosandey Development of Low Temperature Aluminophosphate Glass Systems for High Efficiency Lighting Devices 113J. H. Liao, Y. R. Chung, and F. B. Wu ADVANCED MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENERGY GENERATION, CONVERSION, AND RECHARGEABLE ENERGY STORAGE Dielectric, Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Mg-Doped CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics by the Solid-State Reaction Method 127E. Izci Structural and Dielectric Properties of (1−x) Li2TiO3 + xMgO Ceramics Prepared by the Solid State Reaction Method 135E. Izci Lithium Loss Indicated Formation of Microcracks in LATP Ceramics 143K. Waetzig, A. Rost, U. Langklotz, and J. SchilmAuthor Index 151

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Book SynopsisThis proceedings contains a collection of 22 papers presented at the 2018 Materials Science and Technology Meeting (MS&T''18) held in Columbus, Ohio, October 14-18, 2018. Symposia topics included in this volume are: Advances in Dielectric Materials and Electronic Devices Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites Materials for Nuclear Applications and Extreme Environments Nanotechnology for Energy, Environment, Electronics, Healthcare and Industry Processing and Performance of Materials Using Microwaves, Electric and Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, Lasers, and Mechanical Work Rustum Roy Symposium Additive Manufacturing of Composites and Complex Materials Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Ceramics Table of ContentsPreface ix Advances in Dielectric Materials and Electronic Devices Effect of Atmosphere on Dielectric Properties of Calcium Copper Titanate Ceramics 3 Disna P. Samarakoon, Nirmal Govindaraju, and Raj N. Singh Integrated Piezoelectric and Thermoelectric Sensing and Energy Conversion 15 Bryan Gamboa, Maximilian Estrada, Albert Djikeng, Daniel Nsek, Shuza Binzaid, Samer Dessouky, Amar S. Bhalla, and Ruyan Guo Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Stacked Piezoelectrics for Mechanical Energy Harvesting 23 Bryan Gamboa, Ruyan Guo, and Amar S. Bhalla Temperature Dependent Measurements of Dielectric Properties for Sugary Carbonated Solutions Prepared in Various CO2 Pressure Conditions 31 Carlos Acosta, Amar Bhalla, and Ruyan Guo Pyrolytic Graphite-Copper Thermocouple for Non-Invasive Direct Temperature Measurement 39 Abdul-Sommed Hadi, Jonathan Lann, Tyler Fricks, and Bryce E. Hill Development of Ferroic and Multiferroic Nanomaterials for Drop-on-Demand Microfabrication 49 Brandon D. Young, Bryan Gamboa, Denise Alanis, Luiz Cotica, Amar Bhalla, and Ruyan Guo Synthesis of High Curie Temperature La2Ti2O7 Piezoceramic by Mechanochemical Activation: A Preliminary Investigation 59 Kaustubh Ramesh Kambale, Ajit R. Kulkarni, Narayanan Venkataramani, Amruta Vairagade, and Sandeep Butee Innovative Processing and Synthesis of Ceramics, Glasses and Composites Morphological Transition and Evolution of Shapes in Glassy State; Barium Strontium Titanate Dielectric Capacitor Material 69 N. B. Singh, Ching Hua Su, Fow-Sen Choa, Brad Arnold, Lisa Kelly, K. D. Mandal, Narayan Singh, S. Pandey, and Christopher Cooper International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites Advanced Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiC CMCs 83 Larry Fehrenbacher, David Kroliczek, Jeffrey Kutsch, Igor Vesnovsky, Erik Fehrenbacher, Anindya Ghoshal, Michael Walock, Muthyvel Murugan, and Andy Nieto Materials for Nuclear Energy Applications Density Functional Theory Modeling of Cation Diffusion in Bulk Tetragonal Zirconia 97 Yueh-Lin Lee, Yuhua Duan, Dane Morgan, Dan C. Sorescu, Harry Abernathy, and Gregory Hackett Identifying a First Principles Descriptor for Tritium Diffusivities in Lithium Metal Oxides for Tritium Producing Burnable Absorber Rod Applications 111 Yueh-Lin Lee, Caroline Fedele, Hari P. Paudel, Dan C. Sorescu, Yuhua Duan Optimizing Processing Conditions for Thorium Dioxide Using Spark Plasma Sintering 121 Anil Prasad, Linu Malakkal, Lukas Bichler, and Jerzy Szpunar Nanotechnology for Energy, Environment, Electronics, Healthcare and Industry Applications The Development and Characterization of Mechanically Exfoliated Graphite Based Counter Electrode for Natural Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) 135 M.U. Manzoor, M.T.Z. Butt, M.S. Dar, M.H. Ashraf, T. Ahmad, and M. Kamran Processing and Performance of Materials Using Microwaves, Electric and Magnetic Fields, Ultrasound, Lasers, and Mechanical Work -- Rustum Roy Symposium The Effects of Microwave Radiation on the Digestion of Gibbsite by Sodium Hydroxide 143 Ben Dillinger, Carlos Suchicital, David Clark, Andrew Batchelor, Chris Dodds, and Sam Kingman Effects of Pore Size and Heating Method on Drying Porous Fused Silica 157 Peter W. Loomis and David E. Clark Microstructure and Microtexture of Induction Sintered Copper-based Powder Metal Parts 167 Daudi Waryoba Interpreting Non-Thermal Microwave Effects on Materials Process Enhancements – A Straightforward Irreversible Thermodynamic Approach 181 Boon Wong Biofilm Formation Behaviors Formed by E.Coli Under Weak Alternating Electromagnetic Fields 195 Hideyuki Kanematsu, Takaya Katsuragawa, Dana M. Barry, Keiya Yokoi, Senshin Umeki, Hidekazu Miura, Koji Suzuki, Akiko Ogawa, Nobumitsu Hirai, Takeshi Kougo, Daisuke Kuroda, and Stefan Zimmerman Advances in Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Materials Evaluation of Durability of Hydraulic Concrete with Colombian Aggregates: An Industrial Byproduct and a Mitigating Addition of The Reaction Alkali-Silica 213 Guilliana Agudelo, Carlos A. Palacio, and Henry A. Colorado Mechanical and Physical Characterization of the Natural Fiber Luffa Cylindrica for Its Possible Use in Contact Sports Equipment: 1st Stage 225 Alejandro Restrepo Carmona, and Henry A. Colorado Waste Tire Rubber in Calcium Phosphate Cement Blends 237 Carlos F. Revelo, and Henry A. Colorado Fabrication by Additive Manufacturing of Clay with Electric Arc Furnace Steel Dust (EAF Dust) 249 Edisson Ordoñez and Henry A. Colorado

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Book SynopsisThis proceedings contains a collection of 21 papers presented at the 79th Conference on Glass Problems held November 4-8, 2018 in Columbus, Ohio. Papers touch on topics critical to glass manufacturers including melting and combustion; refractories; forming; and environmental issues.Table of ContentsForeword x Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Plenary Session Challenges and Progress in Understanding Glass Melting 3 Mathieu Hubert and Irene Peterson Cullet Supply Issues and Technologies 15 David M. Rue Glass Surface Modifications for New Products in the 21st Century 29 J.W. McCamy, A. Ganjoo, and C-H Hung Flat Glass Manufacturing Before Float 37 Luke Kutilek Towards the Path for De-Carbonization-Understanding Legislative Challenges 55 Jim Nordmeyer Dry Sorbent Injection System Optimization and Cost Reduction Potential Through Data Analysis 65 Gerald Hunt, Ian Saratovsky, and Melissa Sewell Melting and Combustion Model Predictive Control and Monitoring of the Batch Coverage and Shape, and Its Effects Upon the Crown Temperature. Can this be Correlated to the Overall Glass Quality and Stability in a Glass Furnace? 87 Erik Muijsenberg, Robert Bodi, Menno Eisenga, and Glenn Neff Optimization of Energy Efficiency, Glass Quality and NOx Emissions in Oxy-Fuel Glass Furnaces Through Advanced Oxygen Staging 101 Mark D. D’Agostini, and Bill Horan Staged, Oxy-Fuel Wide Flame Burners to Mitigate Refractory Port Fouling and Foaming in Glass Furnaces 117 Gaurav Kulkarni, Uyi Iyoha, Shrikar Chakravarti, Patrick Diggins III, Arthur Francis, and Gregory J. Panuccio Industry 3.9 Thermal Imaging Using the Near Infrared Borescope (NIR-B) 125 N. G. Simpson, S. F. Turner, and M. Bennett Refractories INNOREG: Going Beyond a Well-Known Solution for Thermal Regenerators 141Stefan Postrach and Elias Carrillo Advanced Post Mortem Study, From Digital Survey to Micro Scale Analysis 151 Emile Lopez, Jean-Gaël Vuillermet, Isabelle Cabodi and Michel Gaubil Digitally Mapping the Future of Glass Furnaces with Lasers 157Bryn Snow, Crawford Murton, Corey Foster, and Ulf Hermansson SORG 340S+® Forehearths - Improvements and Operational Data 169Rüdiger Nebel Energy Recovery with a New Type of Tin Bath Cooler 177Wolf Kuhn, Peter Molcan, and Stephane Guillon Chemical Strengthening of Silicate Glasses: Dangerous and Beneficial Impurities 191 Vincenzo M. Sglavo Environment Operating Experience with the OPTIMELTTM Heat Recovery Technology on a Tableware Glass Furnace 201 M. van Valburg, F. Schuurmans, E. Sperry, S. Laux, R. Bell, A. Francis, S. Chakravarti and H. Kobayashi Continuously Measuring CO and O2 to Optimize the Combustion Process 213 Lieke de Cock, Vincent van Liebergen, and Marco van Kersbergen Mitigation Options for Respirable Crystalline Silica: Engineering Controls vs. Personal Protection 219 Kyle Billy Future of Glass Melting in a World with Stringent Reductions of Carbon Dioxide 227 Stuart Hakes

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisBioceramics: Properties, Characterization, and Applications will be a general introduction to the uses of ceramics and glasses in the human body for the purposes of aiding, healing, correcting deformities, and restoring lost function. With over 30 years experience, the author developed the text as an outgrowth of an undergraduate course for senior students in biomedical engineering and will emphasize the fundamentals and applications in modern implant fabrication, and will also deal with tissue engineering scaffolds made of ceramics.Organized as a textbook for the student needing to acquire the core competencies, it will meet the demands of advanced undergraduate or graduate coursework in bioceramics, biomaterials, biomedical engineering, and biophysics.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:"This work by Park … offers an in-depth look at the field of bioceramics. … Bioceramics makes good use of figures, including color images, cartoon schematics, microscope images, and quantitative graphs, which address biology, chemistry, and engineering concepts. … This volume will serve well as a graduate-level resource within the curriculum of a material science and engineering department, or as a supplemental monograph for a course in biomaterials within a biomedical engineering curriculum. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, and faculty." (C. A. Reinhart-King, Choice, Vol. 46 (11), July, 2009)Table of ContentsTABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Pages CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1-1 Problems 1-6 Symbols and Definitions 1-7 References 1-9 CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURE OF CERAMICS 2.1. Atomic Bonding and Arrangement 2-1 2.2. Characterization of Microstructure 2-4 2.3. Quantitative Analysis of Microstructure 2-6 2.4 MICROSTRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF SINGLE-PHASE 2-8 Problems 2-27 Symbols and Definitions 2-29 References 2-32 CHAPTER 3 CHARACTERIZATION OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES 3.1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 3-1 3.2. STRENGTHENING OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES 3-7 3.3. WEIBULL STATISTICS OF BRITTLE FAILURE 3-8 3.4. IMPACT STRENGTH, HARDNESS, FRICTION, AND WEAR PROPERTIES 3-10 3.5 THERMAL PROPERTIES (PHASE CHANGES) 3-12 3.5.1. Single-Component Systems: Allotropy 3-12 3.5.2. Composition and Phase Stability 3-14 3.5.3. Mechanism of Phase Changes 3-17 3.6. SURFACE PROPERTIES 3-20 Problems 3-61 Symbols and Definitions 3-63 References 3-66 CHAPTER 4 GLASS FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION 4.1. GLASS FORMATION 4-1 4.2. NUCLEATION AND GLASS FORMATION 4-2 4.3. STRENGTH OF GLASSES 4-3 4.4. STATIC FATIGUE OF GLASSES 4-4 Problems 4-15 Symbols and Definitions 4-16 References 4-18 CHAPTER 5 HARD TISSUES STRUCTURE, PROPERTY, HEALING, REMODELING, AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY 5.1 STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS 5-1 5.1.1 Proteins 5-2 5.1.la. Collagen 5-2 5.1.lb. Elastin 5-3 5.1.2. Polysaccharides 5-4 5.2. STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP 5-3 5.2.l Composition and Structure 5-4 5.2.2 Mechanical Properties 5-6 5.2.3 Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Bone 5-7 5.3 Hard Tissue Healing and Remodeling Problems 5-10 5.3.1. Wound Healing Process of Hard Tissues 5-10 5.3.2 Bone Remodeling 5-11 5.4 BIOCOMPATIBILITY 5-13 Problems 5-45 Symbols and Definitions 5-46 References 5-48 CHAPTER 6 ALUMINUM OXIDES (ALUMINA) 6.1 Source, Composition and Structure 6-1 6.2 Mechanical Properties 6-2 6.3 Fatigue Properties and Service Life 6-4 6.4. Applications 6-6 6.4.1 Joint Replacements 6-6 6.4.2 Dental Implants 6-7 6.5 FURTHER THOUGHTS 6-8 Problems 6-29 Symbols and Definitions 6-32 References 6-34 CHAPTER 7 ZIRCONIUM OXIDES (ZIRCONIA) 7.1 Source and manufacturing of zirconia 7-1 7.2 structure and Properties of zirconia 7-1 7.3 long term stability and implant design 7-4 7.4 FURTHER THOUGHTS 7-8 Problems 7-43 Symbols and Definitions 7-43 References 7-45 CHAPTER 8 GLASS-CERAMICS 8.1 FORMATION OF GLASS-CERAMICS 8-1 8.2. PROPERTIES OF GLASS-CERAMICS 8-3 8.2.1. Mechanical Properties 8-3 8.2.2. Chemical Properties 8-3 8.3. COATINGS AND COMPOSITES 8-4 8.4. FURTHER THOUGHTS 8-4 Problems 8-16 Symbols and Definitions 8-17 References 8-18 CHAPTER 9 HYDROXYAPATITE 9.1 SOURCE, COMPOSITION AND STRCUTURE 9-1 9.2 PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE 9-3 9.2.1. Mechanical Properties 9-3 9.2.2. Chemical Properties 9-5 9.3 APPLICATIONS 9-5 9.4. FURTHER THOUGHTS 9-7 Problems 9-25 Symbols and Definitions 9-26 References 9-28 CHAPTER 10 CARBONS AND DLC 10.1 SOURCE AND STRUCTURE OF CARBONS 10-1 10.2 PROPERTIES OF CARBONS 10-3 10.3 MANUFACTURING OF CARBON IMPLANTS 10-3 10.4 Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) Coatings 10-5 10.4.1 Composition and Structure of DLC Coatings 10-5 10.4.2 Methods of Producing DLC Coatings

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Book SynopsisCeramic materials that are specially developed for use as medical and dental implants are termed bioceramics. Bioceramics can have structural functions as joint or tissue replacements, can be used as coatings to improve the biocompatibility of metal implants, and can function as resorbable lattices which provide temporary structures and a framework that is dissolved, replaced as the body rebuilds tissue. Some ceramics even feature drug-delivery capability. This book presents current research and cutting edge thinking in this field. It begins with an overview of the significance of calcium orthophosphates for humankind, specifically for dental and bone grafting applications. The development of granulate systems of calcium phosphate-based drugs with controlled drug release kinetics is examined as well. This is an increasingly important area of research because of the prevalent rates of infection in bone and dental surgery. In order for bioactive glasses or ceramics to bond to living bone, the formation of a bone-like apatite layer on their surfaces must occur. This book also presents two different methods for the synthesis of these bioceramic materials.

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Book SynopsisThe effect of polyvalent dopants on photoinduced defect formation was studied in different glasses. Ionisation of the glass matrix results in intrinsic defects, positively charged hole and negatively charged electron centres. Polyvalent dopants can be photooxidised or photoreduced. These extrinsic defects might replace selectively one or several intrinsic defects and/or cause an increase in the number of opposite charged defects. Photoionisation can also result in unusual dopant valences otherwise not observed in glasses. The systematic comparison of different dopants and glass systems irradiated by excimer lasers helps to understand defect generation processes and might eventually help in the design of UV-resistant or UV-sensitive glasses. Defect formation occurs in the ppm range and was analysed by optical and EPR spectroscopy. A series of polyvalent dopants such as typical trace impurities, glass or melt additives and typical dopants used for optical components like filter glasses, optical sensors, fluorophores or photochromes, were studied. Distinct melting conditions give rise to different valences of various dopants and as a consequence different photoinduced redox-reactions might be observed after irradiation. Some dopants are photooxidised while others are photoreduced Some defects recombine easily or transform into more stable defects while others are stable for months or years.

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Book SynopsisColourless glass, deliberately decolorized with manganese or antimony, became prominent between the middle of the 1st century AD and the beginning of the 4th century. This book reflects the diversity of glass objects (tableware, containers and small objects) and is designed as a practical manual divided into three parts. The first presents contexts in which colourless glass has been found; the second, in the form of index cards, is a typological catalogue which gives an overall picture of the colourless glassware found throughout Gaul; glass is highly useful as a dating tool but also tells us much about the economic, social and cultural aspects of its time. Chemical analyses form the third component. The volume of material gathered in this book makes it an indispensable working tool for researchers and students interested in the glassware of Roman antiquity. Le verre incolore, volontairement décoloré au manganèse ou à l’antimoine, est celui qui est le plus souvent utilisé entre le milieu du Ier s. apr. J.-C. et le début du IVe s. Verres incolores de L’antiquité romaine en Gaule et aux marges de la Gaule rend compte de la diversité de ce mobilier (vaisselle, contenants et petits objets) est conçu comme un manuel pratique divisé en trois parties. La première présente des contextes renfermant du verre incolore ; la seconde, sous forme de fiches, est un catalogue typologique qui livre une image globale de la verrerie incolore découverte dans l’ensemble de la Gaule. Outil de datation, le verre nous informe aussi sur les aspects économiques, sociaux et culturels de son époque. Les analyses chimiques forment le troisième volet. La masse documentaire réunie dans cet ouvrage en fait un instrument de travail indispensable aux chercheurs et étudiants qui s’intéressent au verre de l’Antiquité romaine.Table of ContentsVolume 1: Introduction; Avertissement; Abréviations; Bibliographie; Partie 1: Assemblages; Planches typologiques synthétiques; Volume 2: Partie 2 : Catalogue typologique; 1 Skyphoi, canthares et trullea; 2 Gobelets, coupes et cuillères moulés (?) et à décor taillé; 3 Gobelets et coupes à lèvre coupée; 4 Gobelets à pied annulaire et à lèvre arrondie; 5 Verres à pied à balustre ou à pied tronconique et à lèvre arrondie; 6 Bols, coupes et gobelets à lèvre arrondie ou coupée; 7 Assiettes et coupes moulées; 8 Assiettes et coupes soufflées; 9 Petits contenants et amphores; 10 Flacons allongés : fusiformes, tronconiques et cylindriques; 11 Bouteilles ansées; 12 Flacons sphériques; 13 Flacons ovoïdes, piriformes et tronconiques; 14 Cruches et flacons à panse aplatie; 15 Cruches et flacons à tubulure; 16 Cruches; 17 Flacons, autres objets insolites et vitres; 18 Les décors sur les verres incolores; Partie 3 : Analyses chimiques; Contribution à l’étude des verres décolorés à l’antimoine; Annexes; Abstract (English)

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Book SynopsisTracing Pottery-Making Recipes in the Prehistoric Balkans 6th–4th Millennia BC is a collection of twelve chapters that capture the variety of current archaeological, ethnographic, experimental and scientific studies on Balkan prehistoric ceramic production, distribution and use. The Balkans is a culturally rich area at the present day as it was in the past. Pottery and other ceramics represent an ideal tool with which to examine this diversity and interpret its human and environmental origins. Consequently, Balkan ceramic studies is an emerging field within archaeology that serves as a testing ground for theories on topics such as technological know-how, innovation, craft tradition, cultural transmission, interaction, trade and exchange. This book brings together diverse studies by leading researchers and upcoming scholars on material from numerous Balkan countries and chronological periods that tackle these and other topics for the first time. It is a valuable resource for anyone working on Balkan archaeology and also of interest to those working on archaeological pottery from other parts of the world.Table of ContentsPreface Introduction: Tracing Pottery Making Recipes in the Prehistoric Balkans, 6th- 4th Millennium BC (Silvia Amicone) 1. Tempering Expectations: What Do West Balkan Potters Think They Are Doing? (Richard Carlton) 2. Making and Using Bread-Baking Pans: Ethnoarchaeological Research in Serbia (Biljana Djordjević) 3. On the Organisation of Ceramic Production within the Kodjadermen–Gumelniţa–Karanovo VI, Varna, and Krivodol–Sălcuţa–Bubanj Hum Ia Cultures (Petya Georgieva) 4. Clay Recipes, Pottery Typologies and the Neolithisation of Southeast Europe A Case Study from Džuljunica-Smărdeš, Bulgaria (Beatrijs de Groot) 5. Looking into Pots: Understanding Neolithic Ceramic Technological Variability from Western Hungary (Attila Kreiter, Tibor Marton, Krisztián Oross and Péter Pánczél) 6. Organic Residue and Vessel Function Analysis from Five Neolithic and Eneolithic Sites in Eastern Croatia (Miloglav Ina and Jacqueline Balen) 7. Technological Variances between Tisza and Vinča Pottery in the Serbian Banat (Neda Mirković-Marić and Silvia Amicone) 8. Pottery Technology and Identity: Some Thoughts from the Balkans (Laure Salanova) 9. Pottery Production at Neolithic Pieria, Macedonia, Greece (Niki Saridaki and Kostas Kotsakis, Dushka Urem-Kotsou, Trisevgeni Papadakou and Anna Papaioannou) 10. Some Aspects Concerning Pottery Making at Radovanu-La Muscalu, Romania (first half of the 5th Millennium BC) (Cristian Eduard Ștefan) 11. Petrological Analysis of Late Neolithic Ceramics from the Tell Settlement of Gorzsa (South-East Hungary) (György Szakmány, Katalin Vanicsek, Zsolt Bendő, Attila Kreiter, Ákos Pető, Zsuzsa Lisztes-Szabó and Ferenc Horváth) 12. Technology and Function: Performance Characteristics and Usage Aspects of the Neolithic Pottery of the Central Balkans (Jasna Vuković)

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Book SynopsisThis book examines recent developments in inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis. It describes the composition and application of the most promising metal ceramic inert anode materials and nickel-oxide nanotechnology in the aluminum industry. The volume addresses concepts, analysis, properties, conductivity and corrosion, microstructure and microanalysis, and machinability of inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis. The book will be valuable to the aluminum industry, where inert anodes are having a profound impact in creating more energy saving, greener, and more functional aluminum materials in high-strength and high-temperature applications.Table of ContentsResearch background of inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis.- Nanomaterials and Nanocermets.- Nancermet anodes for aluminum electrolysis.- Metallographic analysis of cermet materials.- X-ray diffraction analysis of nanocermets.- Bulk density, apparent porosity, and density of nanocermets.- Conductivity of nanocermets.- Corrosion resistance of nanocermet.- Post processing of samples.- Characterization of specimen structure of nanocermets.- Measurement of mechanical properties of NiFe2O4 nanocermet.- Microstructure and microanalysis of cermet materials.- Optimization and machinability of nanocermets for aluminum electrolysis.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook provides an overview on wood science and technology of unparalleled comprehensiveness and international validity. It describes the fundamental wood biology, chemistry and physics, as well as structure-property relations of wood and wood-based materials. The different aspects and steps of wood processing are presented in detail from both a fundamental technological perspective and their realisation in industrial contexts. The discussed industrial processes extend beyond sawmilling and the manufacturing of adhesively bonded wood products to the processing of the various wood-based materials, including pulp and paper, natural fibre materials and aspects of bio-refinery. Core concepts of wood applications, quality and life cycle assessment of this important natural resource are presented. The book concludes with a useful compilation of fundamental material parameters and data as well as a glossary of terms in accordance with the most important industry standards. Written and edited by a truly international team of experts from academia, research institutes and industry, thoroughly reviewed by external colleagues, this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands, as well as providing a summary of state-of-the-art research trends and industrial requirements. It is an invaluable resource for all professionals in research and development, and engineers in practise in the field of wood science and technology.Table of ContentsA survey to forests and wood production.- PART A: Wood science.- Wood biology.- Wood biodeterioration.-Wood chemistry.- Physics of woods and wood-based materials.- Modeling the mechanical behavior of wood materials and structures.- Part B: Fundamentals of wood technology.- Basic processes.- Cutting and disintegration.- Drying and steaming.- Joining and reassembling.- Surface treatment and functionalization.- Preservation.- Reshaping and densification.- Measurement and quality assessment.- Part C: Industrial processes and materials.- Saw milling.- Lumber drying and steaming.- Wood-based materials.- Bioinspired materials.- Pulp and paper.- Natural fibre-based materials.- Utilization of wood for energy.- Wood biorefineries.- Process organization, automation and optimization.- Part D: Wood product development.- Wood product design.- Environmental impacts and life cycle analysis.- Part E: Important data.- Physical properties.- Relevant standards.- Chemical composition for selected species.- Thermal properties.

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Book SynopsisOne of the fascinating aspects of the field of ferroelectric ceramics is its interdisciplinary nature. This aspect is also a source of difficulty for the people working in the field. In a successful team of ferroelectricians the physics theoretician must understand the sintering technologist, the electrical engineer has to communicate with the crystallographer, the organic chemist will interact with the microelectronics engineer, the electron microscopist should collaborate with the systems engineer. It was the purpose of the summer school on ferroelectric ceramics that took place at the Centro Stefano Franscini (ETHZ), Monte VeritA, Ascona, Switzerland, in September 1991 to help to build bridges between people from the different disciplines and to draw for them, in the form of tutorial lectures, some of the different facets of ferroelectrics. The book is a written version of this summer school. It contains the following subjects: ferroelectric materials, physics of ferroelectrics, thin films, processing of ferroelectrics and their applications. It represents a cross section of topics of current interest. Materials are presented (L. E. Cross) from the point of view of the user, i. e. the tailoring of materials for specific applications. Two reviews address the important topic of ferroelectric domains and domain walls (I. Fousek and H. Schmid). In the part devoted to theory, three subjects of current interest are presented: phase transition in thin films (D. R. Tilley), weak ferroelectrics (A. K. Tagantsev) and dielectric losses (A. K. Tagantsev).Table of ContentsFerroelectric Ceramics: Tailoring Properties for Specific Applications.- Ferroelectric Domains: Some Recent Advances.- Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastic Domains in Transmitted and Reflected Light.- Phonon Mechanisms of Intrinsic Dielectric Loss in Crystals.- Weak Ferroelectrics.- Phase Transitions in Thin Films.- Ferroelectric Thin Films and Thin Film Devices.- Ferroelectric Thin Film Processing.- Multilayer Ceramic Processing.- Processing of Dielectric Titanates: Aspects of Degradation and Reliability.- Ferroelectric Devices.- Multilayer Piezo-Ceramic Actuators and their Applications.- Ferroelectric Sensors and Actuators: Smart Ceramics.

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Book SynopsisThis expansive volume presents the essential topics related to construction materials composition and their practical application in structures and civil installations. The book's diverse slate of expert authors assemble invaluable case examples and performance data on the most important groups of materials used in construction, highlighting aspects such as nomenclature, the properties, the manufacturing processes, the selection criteria, the products/applications, the life cycle and recyclability, and the normalization. Civil Engineering Materials: Science, Processing, and Design is ideal for practicing architects; civil, construction, and structural engineers, and serves as a comprehensive reference for students of these disciplines.This book also:· Provides a substantial and detailed overview of traditional materials used in structures and civil infrastructure· Discusses properties of natural and synthetic materials in construction and materials' manufacturing processes· Addresses topics important to professionals working with structural materials, such as corrosion, nanomaterials, materials life cycle, not often covered outside of journal literature · Diverse author team presents expect perspective from civil engineering, construction, and architecture · Features a detailed glossary of terms and over 400 illustrations Table of ContentsHydraulic Binders.- Renders.- Gypsum Plasters.- Concrete.- Bituminous Materials.- Steel.- Ceramics.- Glasses.- Ornamental Stones.- Polymers.- Wood.- Cork.- Nano.- Corrosion.- Structural Adhesives.- Organic Coatings.- Environmental Impact.- Certification.- Aggregates.

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Book SynopsisThis handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.Table of Contents

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