Hepatology Books

Book SynopsisDiscover how to optimize your liver health to transform your wellbeing - reducing stress, improving sleep, lowering your blood pressure, preventing health problems and more!What if you could focus on one aspect of your wellbeing to prevent health problems you didn''t even know were lurking beneath the surface? In today''s world, we have no idea how many symptoms, conditions and diseases are rooted in an overloaded liver. Nearly every challenge - from emotional struggles to autoimmune illnesses - has an origin in an overloaded liver and can improve when you harness the force of this humble organ. Medical Medium Liver Rescue offers the answers you should have had all along. With his signature compassion, Anthony William, the Medical Medium, shares unparalleled insights into undiscovered functions of our life-saving livers, explains what''s behind dozens of health issues and offers detailed guidance on how to heal and thrive. Find out for yoTrade Review“Anthony’s understanding of foods, their vibrations, and how they interact with the body never ceases to amaze. Effortlessly he explains the potential harmony or disharmony in our choices in a way anyone can understand. He has a gift. Do your body a favor and treat yourself.”— Pharrell Williams, 11-time Grammy-winning artist and producer“While there is most definitely an element of otherworldly mystery to the work he does, much of what Anthony William shines a spotlight on—particularly around autoimmune disease—feels inherently right and true. What’s better is that the protocols he recommends are natural, accessible, and easy to do.”— Gwyneth Paltrow, Oscar-winning actress, #1 New York Times best-selling author, founder and CEO of GOOP.com“Anthony is a trusted source for our family. His work in the world is a light that has guided many to safety. He means so much to us.”— Robert De Niro and Grace Hightower De Niro“Anthony is a great man. His knowledge is fascinating and has been very helpful for me. The celery juice alone is a game changer!”— Calvin Harris, producer, DJ, and Grammy-winning artist“Anthony’s knowledge on the food we consume, the impact it has on our body, and our overall well-being has been a game changer for me!”— Jenna Dewan, star of World of Dance and Step Up“Anthony is a magician for all my label’s recording artists, and if he were a record album, he would far surpass Thriller. His ability is nothing short of profound, remarkable, extraordinary, and mind-blowing. He is a luminary whose books are filled with prophecies. This is the future of medicine.”— Craig Kallman, Chairman and CEO, Atlantic Records“Anthony’s books are revolutionary yet practical. For anybody frustrated by the current limits of Western medicine, this is definitely worth your time and consideration.”— James Van Der Beek, creator, executive producer, and star of What Would Diplo Do? and star of Pose and Dawson’s Creek, and Kimberly Van Der Beek, public speaker and activist“My family and friends have been the recipients of Anthony’s inspired gift of healing, and we’ve benefited more than I can express with rejuvenated physical and mental health.”— Scott Bakula, producer and star of NCIS: New Orleans; star of Star Trek: Enterprise and Quantum Leap“Anthony is a wonderful person. He identified some long-term health issues for me, he knew what supplements I needed, and I felt better immediately.”— Rashida Jones, producer and star of Angie Tribeca; executive producer of Claws; star of Tag, Parks and Recreation, and The Office“What if someone could simply touch you and tell you what it is that ails you? Welcome to the healing hands of Anthony William—a modern-day alchemist who very well may hold the key to longevity. His lifesaving advice blew into my world like a healing hurricane, and he has left a path of love and light in his wake. He is hands down the ninth wonder of the world.”— Lisa Gregorisch-Dempsey, Extra Senior Executive Producer“Anthony William is changing and saving the lives of people all over the world with his one-of-a-kind gift. His constant dedication and vast amount of highly advanced information have broken the barriers that block so many in the world from receiving desperately needed truths that science and research have not yet discovered. On a personal level, he has helped both my daughters and me, giving us tools to support our health that actually work. Celery juice is now a part of our regular routine!”— Lisa Rinna, star of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills and Days of Our Lives, New York Times best-selling author, designer of the Lisa Rinna Collection“Anthony is not only a warm, compassionate healer, he is also authentic and accurate, with God-given skills. He has been a total blessing in my life.”— Naomi Campbell, model, actress, activist“I had the pleasure of working with Anthony William when he came to Los Angeles and shared his story on Extra. What a fascinating interview as he left the audience wanting to hear more . . . people went crazy for him! His warm personality and big heart are obvious. Anthony has dedicated his life to helping people through the knowledge he receives from Spirit, and he shares all of that information through his Medical Medium books, which are life changing. Anthony William is one of a kind!”— Sharon Levin, Extra Senior Producer“I’ve been following Anthony for a while now and am always floored (but not surprised) at the success stories from people following his protocols . . . I have been on my own path of healing for many years, jumping from doctor to doctor and specialist to specialist. He’s the real deal and I trust him and his vast knowledge of how the thyroid works and the true effects food has on our body. I have directed countless friends, family, and followers to Anthony because I truly believe he possesses knowledge that no doctor out there has. I am a believer and on a true path to healing now and am honored to know him and blessed to know his work. Every endocrinologist needs to read his book on the thyroid!”— Marcela Valladolid, chef, author, television host“I am a doctor’s daughter who has always relied on Western medicine to ameliorate even the smallest of woes. Anthony’s insights opened my eyes to the healing benefits of food and how a more holistic approach to health can change your life.”— Jenny Mollen, actress and New York Times best-selling author of I Like You Just the Way I Am“Anthony William’s God-given gift for healing is nothing short of miraculous.”— David James Elliott, Impulse, Trumbo, Mad Men, CSI: NY; star for ten years of JAG“Anthony William is a gift to humanity. His incredible work has helped millions of people heal when conventional medicine had no answers for them. His genuine passion and commitment for helping people is unsurpassed, and I am grateful to have been able to share a small part of his powerful message in Heal.”— Kelly Noonan Gores, writer, director, and producer of the Heal documentary“Anthony William is one of those rare individuals who uses his gifts to help people rise up to meet their full potential by becoming their own best health advocates . . . I witnessed Anthony’s greatness in action firsthand when I attended one of his thrilling live events. I equate how spot-on his readings were with a singer hitting all the high notes. But beyond the high notes, Anthony’s truly compassionate soul is what left the audience captivated. Anthony William is someone I am now proud to call a friend, and I can tell you that the person you hear on the podcasts and whose words fill the pages of best-selling books is the same person who reaches out to loved ones simply to lend support. This is not an act! Anthony William is the real deal, and the gravity of the information he shares through Spirit is priceless and empowering and much needed in this day and age!”— Debbie Gibson, Broadway star, iconic singer-songwriter“Anthony William has a remarkable gift! I will always be grateful to him for discovering an underlying cause of several health issues that had bothered me for years. With his kind support, I see improvements every day. I think he is a fabulous resource!”— Morgan Fairchild, actress, author, speaker“Within the first three minutes of speaking with me, Anthony precisely identified my medical issue! This healer really knows what he’s talking about. Anthony’s abilities as the Medical Medium are unique and fascinating.”— Alejandro Junger, M.D., New York Times best-selling author of Clean, Clean Eats, and Clean Gut and founder of the acclaimed Clean Program“Anthony’s gift has made him a conduit for information that is light-years ahead of where science is today.”— Christiane Northrup, M.D., New York Times best-selling author of Goddesses Never Age, The Wisdom of Menopause, and Women’s Bodies, Women’s Wisdom“Since reading Medical Medium Thyroid Healing, I have expanded my approach and treatments of thyroid disease and am seeing enormous value for patients. The results are rewarding and gratifying.”— Prudence Hall, M.D., founder and medical director of The Hall Center“How very much we have been moved and benefited from the discovery of Anthony and the Compassion Spirit, who can reach us with healing wisdom through Anthony’s sensitive genius and caring mediumship. His book is truly ‘wisdom of the future,’ so already now, miraculously, we have the clear, accurate explanation of the many mysterious illnesses that the ancient Buddhist medical texts predicted would afflict us in this era when over-clever people have tampered with the elements of life in the pursuit of profit.”— Robert Thurman, Jey Tsong Khapa Professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Studies, Columbia University; President, Tibet House US; best-selling author of Love Your Enemies and Inner Revolution; host of Bob Thurman Podcast“Anthony William is the gifted Medical Medium who has very real and not-so-radical solutions to the mysterious conditions that affect us all in our modern world. I am beyond thrilled to know him personally and count him as a most valuable resource for my health protocols and those for my entire family.”— Annabeth Gish, The X-Files, Halt and Catch Fire, Scandal, The West Wing, Mystic Pizza“Anthony William has devoted his life to helping people with information that has truly made a substantial difference in the lives of many.”— Amanda de Cadenet, founder and CEO of The Conversation and the Girlgaze Project; author of It’s Messy and #girlgaze“I love Anthony William! My daughters Sophia and Laura gave me his book for my birthday, and I couldn’t put it down. The Medical Medium has helped me connect all the dots on my quest to achieve optimal health. Through Anthony’s work, I realized the residual Epstein-Barr left over from a childhood illness was sabotaging my health years later. Medical Medium has transformed my life.”— Catherine Bach, The Young and the Restless, The Dukes of Hazzard“My recovery from a traumatic spinal crisis several years ago had been steady, but I was still experiencing muscle weakness, a tapped-out nervous system, as well as extra weight. A dear friend called me one evening and strongly recommended I read the book Medical Mediumby Anthony William. So much of the information in the book resonated with me that I began incorporating some of the ideas, then I sought and was lucky enough to get a consultation. The reading was so spot-on, it has taken my healing to an unimagined, deeper, and richer level of health. My weight has dropped healthily, I can enjoy bike riding and yoga, I’m back in the gym, I have steady energy, and I sleep deeply. Every morning when following my protocols, I smile and say, ‘Whoa, Anthony William! I thank you for your restorative gift . . . Yes!’”— Robert Wisdom, The Alienist, Flaked, Rosewood, Nashville, The Wire, Ray“In this world of confusion, with constant noise in the health and wellness field, I rely on Anthony’s profound authenticity. His miraculous, true gift rises above it all to a place of clarity.”— Patti Stanger, host of Million Dollar Matchmaker“I rely on Anthony William for my and my family’s health. Even when doctors are stumped, Anthony always knows what the problem is and the pathway for healing.”— Chelsea Field, NCIS: New Orleans, Secrets and Lies, Without a Trace, The Last Boy Scout“Anthony William brings a dimension to medicine that deeply expands our understanding of the body and of ourselves. His work is part of a new frontier in healing, delivered with compassion and with love.”— Marianne Williamson, #1 New York Times best-selling author of Healing the Soul of America, The Age of Miracles, and A Return to Love“Anthony William is a generous and compassionate guide. He has devoted his life to supporting people on their healing path.”— Gabrielle Bernstein, #1 New York Times best-selling author of The Universe Has Your Back, Judgment Detox, and Miracles Now‘“Information that WORKS. That’s what I think of when I think of Anthony William and his profound contributions to the world. Nothing made this fact so clear to me as seeing him work with an old friend who had been struggling for years with illness, brain fog, and fatigue. She had been to countless doctors and healers and had gone through multiple protocols. Nothing worked. Until Anthony talked to her, that is . . . from there, the results were astounding. I highly recommend his books, lectures, and consultations. Don’t miss this healing opportunity!”— Nick Ortner, New York Times best-selling author of The Tapping Solution for Manifesting Your Greatest Self and The Tapping Solution“Esoteric talent is only a complete gift when it’s shared with moral integrity and love. Anthony William is a divine combination of healing, giftedness, and ethics. He’s a real-deal healer who does his homework and shares it in true service to the world.”— Danielle LaPorte, best-selling author of White Hot Truth and The Desire Map“Anthony is a seer and a wellness sage. His gift is remarkable. With his guidance I’ve been able to pinpoint and address a health issue that’s been plaguing me for years.”— Kris Carr, New York Times best-selling author of Crazy Sexy Juice, Crazy Sexy Kitchen, and Crazy Sexy Diet“Twelve hours after receiving a heaping dose of self-confidence masterfully administered by Anthony, the persistent ringing in my ears of the last year . . . began to falter. I am astounded, grateful, and happy for the insights offered on moving forward.”— Mike Dooley, New York Times best-selling author of Infinite Possibilities and scribe of Notes from the Universe“Whenever Anthony William recommends a natural way of improving your health, it works. I’ve seen this with my daughter, and the improvement was impressive. His approach of using natural ingredients is a more effective way of healing.”— Martin D. Shafiroff, financial advisor, past recipient of #1 Broker in America ranking by WealthManagement.com and #1 Wealth Advisor ranking by Barron’s“Anthony William’s invaluable advice on preventing and combating disease is years ahead of what’s available anywhere else.”— Richard Sollazzo, M.D., New York board-certified oncologist, hematologist, nutritionist, and anti-aging expert and author of Balance Your Health“Anthony William is the Edgar Cayce of our time, reading the body with outstanding precision and insight. Anthony identifies the underlying causes of diseases that often baffle the most astute conventional and alternative health-care practitioners. Anthony’s practical and profound advice makes him one of the most powerfully effective healers of the 21st century.”— Ann Louise Gittleman, New York Times best-selling author of over 30 books on health and healing and creator of the highly popular Fat Flush detox and diet plan“As a Hollywood businesswoman, I know value. Some of Anthony’s clients spent over $1 million seeking help for their ‘mystery illness’ until they finally discovered him.”— Nanci Chambers, co-star of JAG; Hollywood producer and entrepreneur“I had a health reading from Anthony, and he accurately told me things about my body only known to me. This kind, sweet, hilarious, self-effacing, and generous man—also so ‘otherworldly’ and so extraordinarily gifted, with an ability that defies how we see the world—has shocked even me, a medium! He is truly our modern-day Edgar Cayce, and we are immensely blessed that he is with us. Anthony William proves that we are more than we know.”— Colette Baron-Reid, best-selling author of Uncharted and TV host of Messages from Spirit“Any quantum physicist will tell you there are things at play in the universe we can’t yet understand. I truly believe Anthony has a handle on them. He has an amazing gift for intuitively tapping into the most effective methods for healing.”— Caroline Leavitt, New York Times best-selling author of The Kids’ Family Tree Book, Cruel Beautiful World, Is This Tomorrow, andPictures of You

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Book SynopsisProtect your mighty liver! Learn how it keeps you healthy, how to keep it healthy, and why you need to act now!The liver is the most overlooked and misunderstood of all our body’s organs. Because of the sudden, potentially fatal consequences of heart attack and stroke, everyone’s attention is always focused on the heart or the brain, but without a healthy liver, you ultimately cannot survive. Of all your organs, none does more for you than the liver. Still, until something goes wrong with the liver, it’s usually completely overlooked.The Liver Cure: Natural Solutions for Liver Health to Target Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease, Autoimmune Diseases, Diabetes, Inflammation, Stress & Fatigue, Skin Conditions, and Many More explains the major reasons why you need to take action NOW to protect your liver, because it is assaulted everyday by factors in our modern-day life. The liver is the site for the body’s most powerful detoxification, but over the years an unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle choices, and environmental toxins can take their toll on liver health.World renowned physician and author Dr. Russell Blaylock provides a comprehensive overview of the liver, outlines the latest health information on the many dangers to your liver-health, and what you can do to protect it: Why the Liver is Your Body’s Most Important Organ Your Liver’s Role in Disease The Dangers of Cancer, Cirrhosis, Hepatitis & Fatty Liver Disease Medication & Environmental Hazards Poor Lifestyle Choices that Will Hurt Your Liver The Best Exercise for Liver Health How to Follow a Pro-Liver Diet Transplant Options & Cautions The Liver Cure offers natural remedies, lifestyle strategies, and dietary solutions that can take your liver off overload to resolve a wide range of symptoms and conditions, along with the latest treatment solutions from conventional and alternative therapies to new scientific discoveries and interventions.Table of ContentsThe Liver Cure: Natural Solutions for Liver Health to Target Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease, Autoimmune Diseases, Diabetes, Inflammation, Stress & Fatigue, Skin Conditions, and Many More Table of Contents Part 1: YOUR LIVER AND HOW IT KEEPS YOU HEALTHY Chapter 1 – Your Mighty Liver The liver is the most overlooked and misunderstood of all our body’s organs. Because of the sudden, potentially fatal consequences of heart attack and stroke, everyone’s attention is always focused on the heart or the brain (stroke), but without a healthy liver, you ultimately cannot survive. Still, until something goes wrong with the liver, it’s usually completely overlooked. This chapter will describe the football-sized liver, it’s location, its parts, and provide a very brief view of its main function, which is digesting food and ridding your body of toxins, but also get the point across that this is only a tiny portion of the jobs that this miraculous organ does. Chapter 2 – Your Liver: Jack of All Trades Of all your organs, none does more for you than the liver. The heart is basically a pump, the lungs enable you to breath, but the liver does a myriad of diverse tasks, and can magically switch from one to another seamlessly. Here is a rundown on six vital functions your liver performs: Digests food – Manufactures the digestive juice called bile which helps break down fats and vitamins so your body can use them Extracts nutrients – Extracts the nutrients from foods, such as vitamins and minerals, and stores them until needed Fuels your body – Stores about a day’s supply of glycogen (blood sugar), releasing it into your blood when needed Removes toxins – Filters unhealthy materials from food so they can be excreted Safeguards your body – Finds, catches and filters out harmful bacteria in food Sharpens your brain – Filters out toxins that could cloud your thinking, and ultimately cost you your life. Chapter 3 – Your Liver Makes Drugs Work One of the most important functions of your liver is that it processes drugs. The body must be able to process (chemically alter, or metabolize) drugs, and just as your liver helps metabolize food, it also processes medications. Liver disorders affect the metabolizing of drugs in the following ways: How much of the drug is absorbed from the intestine How quickly and completely the liver metabolizes a drug — for example, changing the drug into an active form or into an inactive form (a form that has no effect on the body) How much of the drug is transported throughout the body How quickly the drug is eliminated from the body How sensitive the body is to a drug's effects For instance, a chronic liver disorder can make people more sensitive to the effects of a drug, even when the amount is not increases. In addition, the liver acts on the brain, and brain function can deteriorate when such sensitivity is increased. Part 2: THE DANGERS FACING YOUR LIVER One of the major reasons why you need to take action now to protect your liver is because it is assaulted everyday by factors in our modern-day life. This section will cover the following dangers: Chapter 4 – The "All American Diet" is a Liver Killer The American diet, known also as the Western diet, is a liver killer. High in sugar and fat, and has been linked to the prevalence of chronic disease in the U.S., mainly because it results in chronic bodily inflammation, which is not visible to the eye, but which results in aging and damage to the body’s organs. The vast majority of research has focused on the effect of inflammation on other parts of the body, particularly the heart, and brain (chronic inflammation is linked to coronary heart disease, diabetes, insulin resistance, and even Alzheimer’s disease. But this may be changing, especially with the publication in 2017 of a paper in the American Journal of Pathology, which found that mice fed a Western diet developed inflammation of the liver. This clearly shows that, to keep a healthy liver, people should avoid: Fatty foods Starchy foods Sugar Salt Chapter 5 – Excitotoxins Poison Your Liver The liver plays a Herculean task of nourishing and protecting the body, but today’s modern life damages it in many ways and a key one is through the consumption of excitotoxins. Excitotoxins are food additives commonly found in processed and packaged foods, which make up the majority of the American diet. This chapter will explore the most common excitotoxins and how they damage the liver. They include the following, as well as a fourth, high fructose corn syrup, which will garner special attention, as it is blamed for the epidemic of fatty liver disease. These excitotoxins are commonly found in the processed & packaged foods we eat: Aspartame: This artificial sweetener is a neurotoxic drug, which means it is poisonous to the nervous system. It is a molecule composed of three components, aspartic acid, a methyl ester which turns into methyl alcohol and phenylalanine. Persons with cirrhosis of the liver are at increased risk because they may be unable to metabolize aspartame and its breakdown products MSG: A very common flavor enhancer added to Chinese food, canned vegetables, soups and processed meats. Glutamate is its main component, which is known to damage the liver. High Fructose Corn Syrup: High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a type of corn syrup to which enzymes have been added to change the glucose into fructose, a form of sugar that adds sweetness, but is also more easily metabolized by the body, and also easily converted by the body into excess fat. This ingredient is believed to be fueling the epidemic of fatty liver disease. Chapter 6 – How Smoking & Alcohol Damage Your Liver Smoking: Most people think of smoking’s main hazard is to the lungs, but the truth is that the thousands of poisons contained in tobacco smoke damages every organ in the body, including the liver. Smoking can increase the risk of both liver cancer and cirrhosis of the liver. The toxic chemicals in tobacco smoke can cause inflammation and eventual cirrhosis. Smoking also promotes the production of cytokines, chemicals that cause even more inflammation and damage to liver cells. This chapter will also cover the emerging science behind vaping, which is sending some users back to cigarettes to cope with an enhanced nicotine addiction, and questions that are being raised about cannabis. As smoking “weed” becomes more common, there are concerns being raised, including those in a recent study on CBD oil, in which researchers at the University of Arkansas found raised liver toxicity in mice. Alcohol: it’s no surprise that too much alcohol results in cirrhosis, as this is a known disease of alcoholics. But what about people who are not alcoholics and only imbibe socially. When it comes to your liver, they don’t necessarily get a free pass. For one thing, people who imbibe in alcohol often think they can mitigate its effect by eating greasy food, but this only compounds the insult to the liver. Alcohol is extremely hard on the liver, and people who say they drink “socially” may actually be taking in damaging alcohol than they realize. Chapter 7 – Environmental Liver Toxins Even the air we breathe can damage the liver, which makes living a healthy lifestyle of even more paramount importance. These are known to poison the liver: Pollution: Polluted air is a known risk for liver damage. Pollution is linked to liver fibrosis, metabolic disease and liver cancer. Chemicals: Chemicals you may be exposed to on the job can cause liver injury. Common chemicals that can cause liver damage include the dry cleaning solvent carbon tetrachloride, a substance called vinyl chloride (used to make plastics), and a group of industrial chemicals called polychlorinated biphenyls. Pesticides: Exposure to pesticides causes liver damage and can raise the risk of diseases including liver cancer, where recent research revealed it may hike risk by 71 percent. A recent study also linked exposure to glyphosate, the major ingredient in the popular weed killer “Roundup,” to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exposure to the herbicide paraquat can result in toxic chemicals throughout the body, primarily the lungs, liver and kidneys. Chapter 8 - How Medications Damage the Liver One of the major ways to safeguard the liver is to be very aware of the potential of certain drugs to damage it. Such damage can take the form of liver failure, a serious condition for which there is no fix. Some 2,000 cases of liver failure occur each year, which are directly due to the effect of medications. Sometimes medications are life-saving and cannot be avoided, but too often, liver damage can occur because too much medication is unthinkingly consumed. The book will cover these 10 medications & their impact on the liver: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) Diclofenac (Voltaren, Cambia) Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone) Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Anti-seizure medications Isoniazid Methotrexate Statins (cholesterol lowering medication) Part 3: LIVER DISEASE Liver disease is an umbrella term, encompassing any medical condition, toxin or other substance or material that affects the liver’s ability to function. This chapter will explain that there are two basic types of liver disease, acute and chronic, and will also cover general signs, symptoms, and ways that health care professionals use to determine whether liver disease is present. This chapter will include: Chronic vs. acute liver disease Liver disease signs and symptoms Liver disease diagnostic tests There will also be a box on elevated liver enzymes, which are a common finding and can cause concern. Most of the time, elevated liver enzymes don't signal a chronic, serious liver problem, but they can indicate the presence of liver disease, so they will be discussed here. Chapter 9 – The Many Types of Hepatitis Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis can be mild or it can lead to a very malignant form of liver cancer. It is an acute liver disease, which means it comes on suddenly, but it can transform into a chronic ailment. This chapter will include the symptoms of hepatitis, as well as conventional and alternative treatments, of which there are several. Hepatitis B and C will be discussed in depth, as they are the most common threat; the other types of Hepatitis (A, D and E) will also be briefly discussed. This chapter will include: Hepatitis A: Caused by the virus of the same name, hepatitis A is an infection of the liver that causes inflammation and flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue and fever. It is very contagious and more common in the developing world. Hepatitis B: This serious liver infection was decreasing, but it is now on the rise again in the U.S. It is an acute liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), but it can become chronic. This serious form of hepatitis hikes the risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis, which permanently scars of the liver. The rate of hepatitis B had been declining but in 2015, the acute hepatitis B infection rate in the U.S. increased by 20.7%, rising for the first time since 2006. The sharpest increases in new hepatitis B cases are occurring largely in states that have been impacted the most by the opioid epidemic. There is a vaccine for hepatitis B, but it’s rates have been declining, possibly also leading to the increase in cases. Recommended treatments will include both conventional as well as natural supplements. Hepatitis C: Like hepatitis B, hepatitis C is also a viral infection that causes liver inflammation and can lead to serious liver damage. It can also be acute or chronic, and lead to the same dangerous conditions as does hepatitis B. Its incidence in the U.S. has been rising. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C. Hepatitis C is a big problem for Baby Boomers. Americans born between 1945 and 1964 are five times more likely to develop it, for reasons that are not completely understood. The symptoms of hepatitis C can be vague, so this chapter also discusses groups of people that are especially at risk, so they can be on the lookout should they become unwell. This is especially important because, unlike hepatitis B, which is manageable, but not curable, hepatitis C is curable. Hepatitis C is also dangerous because it can cause complications that can affect other parts of the body. Recommended treatments will include both conventional as well as natural supplements. These potential complications include: Cryoglobulinemia Kidney disease Skin conditions Vasculitis Recommended treatments will include both conventional as well as natural supplements. Hepatitis D This form of hepatitis only affects individuals who already have hepatitis D Hepatitis E This type of hepatitis is contracted through contaminated water (similar to hepatitis A), or can occur in people who already have a compromised immune system. Person-to-person transmission is rare. Alcoholic Hepatitis Autoimmune Hepatitis In this type of hepatitis, the body's immune system attacks liver cells. This disease can be quite serious and, if not treated, gets worse over time, leading to cirrhosis of the liver and/or liver failure. But the good news is that, when properly diagnosed, this ailment is treatable. NOTE: There will also be a box on the connection between Epstein-Barr Virus and Hepatitis. Chapter 10 – The Epidemic of Fatty Liver Disease Non-alcoholic liver disease is a serious health threat. An estimated 10-20 percent of Americans have this type of liver disease, which is caused by the buildup of fat in the liver, and the numbers are rising, apparently due to the increasing prevalence of obesity in the U.S. There are two types of this form of liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the buildup of extra at cells in the liver. Having fatty liver disease itself doesn’t necessarily damage it, but in 10 to 20 percent of these cases the fat infiltrates the liver, which leads to a progressive type of fatty liver disease called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or NASH. NASH has become the third most common reason for liver transplants, following alcohol abuse and hepatitis C. This chapter will encompass conventional treatment, including weight loss, exercise, and avoidance of unnecessary medications. Diet is key, especially the avoidance of high fructose corn syrup, which is a major contributor to fatty liver disease. The chapter will include specific recommendations for natural supplements. Chapter 11 – Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism. Each time the liver is injured, whether by disease, excessive alcohol consumption or another cause, it tries to repair itself. In the process, scar tissue forms. As cirrhosis progresses, more and more scar tissue forms, making it difficult for the liver to function (decompensated cirrhosis). Advanced cirrhosis is life-threatening. The liver damage done by cirrhosis generally can't be undone. But if liver cirrhosis is diagnosed early and the cause is treated, further damage can be limited and, rarely, reversed. This chapter will discuss important ways to limit the damage from cirrhosis and other supportive care. A liver transplant may be an option for some. Chapter 12 – Liver Cancer Like other cancers, liver cancer is caused by the overgrowth of cells, resulting in the formation of a tumor. Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, and is one of two types – primary liver cancer, which means that the cancer arises in the liver itself, or secondary liver cancer, which means it has spread from another site. This chapter will include risk factors for liver cancer, causes, signs and symptoms and possible complications. Conventional treatments as well as natural supplements will be discussed. Chapter 13 – Liver Transplantation In the case of irreversible liver disease, a transplant sometimes becomes the only option. As with liver cancer, an in depth discussion is not within the scope of this book but this chapter will provide an overview, including indications for a liver transplant, donor lists, complications, immunosuppression and factors on living with a new liver. Part 4: YOUR LIVER'S ROLE IN DISEASE The connection between the liver and your other organs and diseases is almost totally overlooked so this section of the book addresses this important topic. This part of the book shows how an ailing liver can manifest itself in a number of diseases previously thought to have no connection to the liver at all. But science is finding that this is not the case, and this part of the book demonstrates how keeping the liver healthy can help protect us against these major ailments. Chapter 14 – Diabetes Diabetes is a dangerous metabolic disorder that occurs when the body stops making insulin, or cannot use the insulin it has. Insulin is the hormone that regulates the amount of sugar (known as glucose) in the blood. Without insulin, the amount of glucose in the body rises, which results in damage to the body and its blood vessels, setting the stage for heart disease, stroke, blindness, amputation, and more When diabetes is discussed, the focus is always on the pancreas, which makes sense in a simplistic way, because it is this gland that regulates the release of insulin in the body. But what is totally overlooked is the liver, which has as one of its main jobs to protect the pancreas. This chapter will discuss the different types of diabetes, and how types 1 and the newly discovered 1.5 is caused by injury to the pancreas, but how type 2, which accounts to about 90 percent of cases, can be impacted by the health of the liver. The fact that the liver impacts the pancreas can be seen in the connection between fatty liver disease and diabetes. An insulin-resistant liver ignores the signal of the hormone to stop sending glucose to the blood, raising the levels and increasing the risk for diabetes. Some studies have found that slim people who aren’t considered ordinarily to be at risk for diabetes have fatty livers. These are indications that keeping a healthy liver can play a role in reducing the risk of diabetes. This chapter also will discuss conventional treatments and natural supplements for diabetes. Chapter 15 – Adrenal Stress This chapter will describe the adrenal glands and their purpose, including their important role in manufacturing and releasing hormones, which keep the body functioning. This chapter will discuss the effect of an ailing liver on the adrenal glands, which can cause changes in emotional responses, heart rate and blood pressure. The controversy over “adrenal fatigue syndrome,” will also be discussed here. Chapter 16 – Obesity & Weight Gain Most people don’t think of their liver when they consider weight loss but the liver is responsible for helping to metabolize fat, and therefore optimizing your liver health can help in weight loss. When the liver is being overtaxed with toxins, it is not operating at its optimum efficiency, and therefore its role in metabolizing and helping rid the body of fats can be compromised. A stressed out, or sluggish, liver, can lead to weight gain, especially around the belly, so this chapter will focus on tip to prevent this problem, and help reenergize the liver so it can help play its proper role in metabolism and weight loss. Chapter 17 – Skin Issues – Acne, Eczema & Psoriasis Your liver acts as a filter. It literally cleanses your bloodstream of the toxins you are exposed to each day, and the waste products of metabolism that your body generates each day. If your liver is not able to detoxify your bloodstream adequately, toxins must find an alternative route of excretion. When this occurs, the result can be skin problems, specifically acne. But there is another aspect to acne as well, and that is its connection to your gut. Emerging science is finding that the microbiome of the gut (which is the bacteria that reside in the gut) can play a role in many inflammatory disorders, including three that affect the skin: acne, eczema, and psoriasis. So eating a diet that is anti-inflammation (and pro-liver) helps to promote clear skin. Conventional treatment and natural supplements will be recommended. Chapter 18 – Gut Issues: Bloating, Constipation & IBS The liver both produces bile, which is essential for digesting food and also acts to rid your body of toxic substances, so if it is not working properly, a variety of gut issues, including bloating, constipation and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can result. This is certainly true in the case of the serious liver disease, cirrhosis, but living a lifestyle that is beneficial to the liver can help with problems of bloating and constipation. In addition, research has also uncovered a potential link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and patients with IBS. Dietary recommendations and natural supplements will be recommended. Chapter 19 – Gallbladder Disease & Gallstones The gallbladder and the liver are connected by proximity and function: the gallbladder is a small storage organ located inferior and posterior to the liver. Though small in size, the gallbladder plays an important role in our digestion of food. The gallbladder holds bile produced in the liver until it is needed for digesting fatty foods in the duodenum of the small intestine. The liver can play a role in the production of gallstones in two ways: the bile produced by the liver contains two much cholesterol, or the liver is producing two much bilirubin, which is a chemical that’s produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. Dietary changes, including adding more fruits and vegetables (especially sodium-rich vegetables) can help, as can keeping a balanced diet and reducing excess meat. Certain natural supplements can also help. Chapter 20 – SIBO Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs when there are excess bacteria in the small intestine. SIBO often happens because of lack of movement of the small intestine. SIBO is an abnormal number of bacteria in the small intestine that can lead to the following: bloating and increased passing of gas (flatulence) diarrhea or constipation abdominal pain nausea fatigue Conventional treatment and supplements will be recommended. PART 5: HOW TO KEEP A HEALTHY LIVER Chapter 21 – Liver Detox or Not? Since one of the chief jobs of the liver is to detoxify the body of toxins, there is a certain irony in contemplating a liver detox. But, as the book points out, there are many things that place stress on the liver. This chapter will include identifying toxins, signs of toxic buildup in the liver, and how to create a personal liver detox plan. Chapter 22 – The Pro-Liver Diet This chapter outlines a nutritional plan that everyone can use to have not only a healthy liver, but a healthy brain and heart as well, because the principles are the same – following a low-fat diet, with at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily, no more than a slice of whole-grain bread, and restricting high-glycemic carbohydrates. Fiber is also important, as is drinking plenty of water. This chapter will also include a list of “super foods,” that particularly benefit a healthy liver, as well as special tips for people living with liver disease. Supplements that boost liver health in general will also be included. Chapter 23 – Exercise for Liver Health Exercise benefits your entire body and your liver is no exception. But there are some special reasons that exercise is important, and that’s because it boosts the liver’s special powers. Exercise helps balance glucose levels, and also reduce cholesterol in the blood (and the liver) as well. Exercise, like a healthy diet and weight loss, is extremely important for people with fatty liver disease. This chapter will also include special supplements for people who exercise. GLOSSARY & INDEX

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Trade ReviewAn outstanding tool to help in the diagnosis and treatment of the most commonly occurring problems on the ward or the emergency department. It fits nicely in your pocket without being too heavy, and it is easy in manipulation and quick to find your way around. At a suggested price of EUR 13.95 it i012 rth every cent. * Digestive Surgery, Dec 2012. *

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Book SynopsisYour liver plays a key role in your health, affecting chronic inflammation, heart health, mental health, cognitive health, and metabolic health (including type 2 diabetes). Yet most people aren''t aware of its power-and are unknowingly sabotaging their liver health. Medical understanding has evolved to reveal that metabolic health is the best indicator of fatty liver risk, meaning that treating fatty liver disease is less about losing weight (and the unhealthy diet culture that accompanies it) and more about adopting smart lifestyle habits to reduce your risk. Based on the most up-to-date research, Regenerative Health introduces the four metabolic profiles-the Preventer, the Fine-Tuner, the Re-calibrator, and the Regenerator-and an easy assessment. Once you determine your type, you''ll follow easy steps to customize your Regenerative Health eating and lifestyle plan.With practical tips on nutrition, exercise, and wellness; meal suggestions; recipes; and recomme

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This is a nice book. The anatomy pictures are excellent and the review of the anatomy as it relates to the surgical procedures is great." -Peter Nau, MD, MS, FACS (University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics) Doody's Review ServiceTable of ContentsCorvera: Blumgart's Video Atlas: Biliary, Liver, and Pancreatic Surgery, 2nd Edition Section 1: Anatomy 1. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy Section 2: Liver 2. Liver Resection 3. Major Hepatic Resection: Right Liver 4. Major Hepatic Resection: Left Liver 5. Liver Resection: Hepatic Segmentectomy 6. Wedge Resection and Enucleation Techniques: Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy 7. Cystic Disease of the Liver Section 3: Biliary Tract 8. Benign Biliary Disease and Anastomosis 9. Resection for Biliary Cancer Section 4: Pancreas 10. Pancreatic and Periampullary Resection 11. Ampulla of Vater

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"This is a superior addition/update to the field of hepatology and an invaluable resource for the medical library of any clinician treating liver patients." Reviewed by Nicole Pisapia, DO (Parkview Medical Center) Doody's Score: 96, 4 Stars!Table of ContentsSection I. Basics 1. Anatomy and Cellular Functions of the Liver 2. Bile Acids and Bile Flow: New Functions of Old Molecules 3. Intestinal Microbiome and the Liver 4. Liver as an Immune Organ 5. Liver's Response to Injury: Inflammation and Fibrosis 6. Stem Cells and Hepatocyte Transplantation Section II. Management and Assessment of Liver Disease 7. Approach to Jaundice and Abnormal Liver Function Tests 8. Noninvasive Assessment of Disease Progression 9. Molecular and Genetics-Based Diagnostics 10. Imaging in Assessment of Liver Disease and Lesions 11. Evaluation of the Hepatic Mass 12. Assessment of Liver Histology 13. Critical Care Management of Patients with Liver Disease Section III. Clinical Consequences of Chronic Liver Disease 14. Neurologic Consequences of Liver Disease 15. Ascites and Hyponatremia 16. Portal Hypertension Related to Bleeding 17. Renal Failure in Cirrhosis 18. Cardiopulmonary Complications of Cirrhosis 19. The Hemostatic and Hematopoietic System in Liver Disease 20. Acute Liver Failure 21. Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Section IV. Specific Diseases 22. Epidemiology and Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease 23. Natural History and Cofactors of Alcoholic Liver Disease 24. Prevention and Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease 25. Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 26. Epidemiology, Natural History, and Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 27. Management of NAFL-NASH and Metabolic Syndrome 28. Virology and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C 29. Epidemiology, Natural History, and Diagnosis of Hepatitis C 30. Treatment of Hepatitis C 31. Virology and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B 32. Epidemiology, Natural History, and Diagnosis of Hepatitis B 33. Treatment of Hepatitis B 34. Hepatitis D 35. Hepatitis A 36. Hepatitis E Section V. Liver and Other Infections 37. HIV and the Liver 38. Liver Disease Associated with Systemic Viral Infection 39. Parasitic Liver Disease 40. Bacterial and Miscellaneous Infections of the Liver Section VI. Immune Diseases of the Liver 41. Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndrome 42. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 43. Primary and Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis Section VII. Vascular Diseases of the Liver 44. Budd-Chiari and Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome 45. Portal and Splenic Vein Thrombosis Section VIII. Tumors of the Liver 46. Hepatocellular Carcinoma 47. Cholangiocarcinoma 48. Other Malignant Hepatic Tumors 49. Benign Liver Tumors Section IX. Liver Transplantation 50. Pretransplant Evaluation and Care 51. Transplantation of the Liver 52. Post Liver Transplant Management 53. Recurrent Primary Disease after Transplantation Section X. Liver Affected by Other Conditions or Diseases 54. Liver and Pregnancy 55. Nutrition and the Liver 56. Drug-Induced Liver Injury 57. Preoperative and Postoperative Hepatic Dysfunction Section XI. Inherited and Pediatric Liver Diseases 58. Bilirubin Metabolism and Its Disorders 59. Wilson Disease 60. Hemochromatosis 61. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency 62. Approach to and Evaluation of Metabolic Liver Diseases 63. Pediatric Cholestatic Syndromes 64. Fibrocystic Diseases of the Liver 65. Viral Hepatitis in Children

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Overall, highly recommended for clinical practice" "Overall, Dr. Romil Saxena's practical approach to liver pathology is highly recommended for clinical practice, not only for all those confronted daily with liver pathology!" Virchows ArchiveTable of ContentsSECTION I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN LIVER PATHOLOGY 1 Microscopic Anatomy, Basic Terms, and Elemental Lesions SECTION II: CLINICAL, LABORATORY, AND RADIOLOGIC FEATURES OF LIVER DISEASE 2 Clinical Features of Liver Disease 3 Laboratory Tests in Liver Disease 4 Investigative Imaging of the Liver SECTION III: LIVER DISEASES OF CHILDHOOD 5 Liver Diseases of Childhood SECTION IV: METABOLIC DISEASES OF THE LIVER 6 Medical Genetics and Biochemistry in Diagnosis and Management 7 Histologic Patterns of Metabolic Liver Diseases 8 Liver in Wilson Disease 9 Liver Disease in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency 10 Liver Disease in Cystic Fibrosis 11 Liver Disease in Iron Overload 12 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease SECTION V: INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE LIVER 13 Acute Viral Hepatitis 14 Hepatitis B 15 Hepatitis C 16 Chronic Hepatitis: Grading and Staging 17 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of the Liver 18 Nonviral Infections of the Liver SECTION VI: GRANULOMATOUS DISEASES OF THE LIVER 19 Hepatic Granulomas: Differential Diagnosis 20 Hepatic Sarcoidosis SECTION VII: AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS 21 Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndromes SECTION VIII: DRUG- AND TOXIN-INDUCED LIVER INJURY 22 Metabolism of Drugs and Xenobiotics 23 Liver Injury Due to Drugs and Herbal Agents 24 Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease SECTION IX: DISORDERS OF THE BILE DUCTS, BILE FORMATION, AND SECRETION 25 Fibrocystic Liver Diseases 26 Primary Biliary Cholangitis 27 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 28 Loss of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts 29A Intrahepatic Cholestasis: Molecular Physiology of Bile Formation and Secretion 29B Intrahepatic Cholestasis: Diseases of Bile Formation and Secretion SECTION X: VASCULAR DISORDERS OF THE LIVER 30 Vascular Disorders of the Liver SECTION XI: TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS OF THE LIVER 31 Premalignant and Early Malignant Hepatocellular Lesions in Chronic Hepatitis/Cirrhosis 32 Benign Hepatocellular Tumors 33 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 34 Benign and Malignant Tumors of Bile Ducts 35 Liver Tumors of Childhood 36 Miscellaneous Liver Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions SECTION XII: LIVER TRANSPLANTATION 37 Clinical Aspects of Liver Transplantation 38 Pathology of Liver Transplantation SECTION XIII: EVOLVING CONCEPTS IN LIVER PATHOLOGY 39 Biphenotypic Primary Liver Carcinoma 40 Regression of Liver Fibrosis: From Myth to Reality 41 Cirrhosis: A Term in Need of a Makeover

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Non-Neoplastic Disorders of the Esophagus 2 Tumors of the Esophagus 3 Non-Neoplastic Disorders of the Stomach 4 Epithelial Polyps and Neoplasms of the Stomach 5 Non-Neoplastic and Inflammatory Disorders of the Small Bowel 6 Neoplasms of the Small Intestine 7 Gastrointestinal Mesenchymal Tumors 8 Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Disorders of the Appendix 9 Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract 10 Non-Neoplastic Disorders of the Colon 11 Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes 12 Epithelial Neoplasms of the Colorectum 13 Molecular Testing of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms 14 Pathology of the Anal Canal 15 Pathology of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts 16 Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Pathology of the Pancreas 17 Non-Neoplastic Disorders of the Liver 18 Liver Neoplasms 19 Gastrointestinal Lymphoma 20 Pathology of Liver, Small Bowel, and Pancreas Transplantation Index

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I Liver and Hepatobiliary Pathology with Clinical Correlations 1.Liver: Embryology, gross and microscopic anatomy and function 2. Liver biopsy evaluation 3.Viral Hepatitis 4.Cholestasis and Biliary Tract Disorders 5.Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases 6.Drug-Induced and Toxic Liver Cell Injury 7.Vascular Disorders 8.Infectious Disorders, Non-Viral 9.Autoimmunr hepatitis 10.Developmental, Familial, and Metabolic Disorders 11.Diseases of Hepatic Iron and Copper Metabolism 12.Neoplasms and Related Lesions 13.Transplantation 14.Miscellaneous Conditions

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION I Viral Hepatitides 1 Hepatitis A 2 Hepatitis B Virus 3 Hepatitis C Infection 4 Hepatitis Delta Virus 5 Hepatitis E Virus SECTION II Liver Masses 6 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 7 Cholangiocarcinoma 8 Hepatic Hemangioma 9 Other Liver Masses SECTION III Tropical Infectious Liver Disease 10 Schistosomiasis 11 Fascioliasis 12 Opisthorchis and Clonorchis 13 Hepatic Tuberculosis 14 Malaria and the Liver 15 HIV and Liver Disease 16 Amebic Liver Abscess 17 Cystic Echinococcosis-Hydatid Liver Disease SECTION IV Tropical Non-Infectious Liver Disease 18 Non-Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension 19 Cirrhosis in the Tropics 20 Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in ResourceLimited Settings 21 Aflatoxins in Liver Disease 22 Tropical Herb-Induced Liver Injury by Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids 23 Alcohol-Related Liver Disease 24 Drug-Induced Liver Injury in Tropical Settings 25 Congestive Hepatopathy 26 Acute Liver Failure 27 Liver Transplantation in Tropical Settings SECTION V Rare Tropical Liver Diseases 28 Melioidosis and the Liver 29 Histoplasmosis 30 Brucellosis and the Liver 31 Leptospirosis and the Liver 32 The Liver in Q Fever 33 Hepatic Manifestations of the Dengue Infection 34 Leishmaniasis and the Liver 35 Iron Overload in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisPractical, handy and succinct, this full colour pocketbook provides clear-cut clinical guidance to the main symptoms that infants and children commonly present with in both primary and secondary care.Table of ContentsPreface, vii Acknowledgements, viii Part I Gastroenterology, 1 1 The infant with abdominal pain, 3 2 The child with abdominal pain, 6 3 The infant with vomiting, 15 4 The child with vomiting, 21 5 Difficulty swallowing, 24 6 Abdominal distension, 29 7 The infant with acute diarrhoea, 32 8 The child with acute diarrhoea, 35 9 The infant with chronic diarrhoea, 40 10 The child with chronic diarrhoea, 47 11 Gastrointestinal bleeding, 61 12 Food-associated symptoms, 67 13 Abdominal mass, 76 14 The infant with constipation, 79 15 The child with constipation, 83 16 Perianal pain, 90 Part II Hepatology, 93 17 The infant with jaundice, 95 18 The acutely unwell infant, 108 19 The infant with splenomegaly, 118 20 The infant with a hepatic cause for abdominal distension, 121 21 The older child with jaundice, 128 22 The older child who is acutely unwell, 134 23 The older child with hepatic causes of abdominal distension, 138 24 Chronic liver disease: itching, 141 25 Chronic liver disease: ascites, 145 26 Chronic liver disease: haematemesis or meleana, 148 27 Children with incidental abnormal liver biochemistry, 150 28 The child with cystic fibrosis, 152 29 The child with liver disease following chemotherapy, 155 30 The management of a child with acute liver failure, 158 31 Indications for liver transplant, 164 32 Complications following liver transplant, 166 Part III Nutrition, 171 33 Nutritional monitoring, 173 34 Nutrition in the normal infant: breast-feeding, 176 35 Nutrition in the normal infant: infant formulae, 180 36 Nutrition in premature infants, 183 37 Problems with weaning, 186 38 The infant or child with poor feeding, 188 39 Food aversion, 192 40 Ingestion of non-food items (pica), 194 41 Nutrition in neurodisability, 198 42 Malnutrition, 201 43 Obesity, 209 44 Intestinal failure, 213 45 Parenteral nutrition: initiating and monitoring, 225 46 Parenteral nutrition: complications, 230 47 Parenteral nutrition: weaning, 237 48 Home parenteral nutrition, 239 49 Enteral tube feeding, 241 50 Nutrition in cystic fibrosis, 247 Index, 249

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Book SynopsisEnables the practitioner to assess liver function using biochemical markers, other tests, signs, symptoms and disease knowledge. This practical guide covers background information on liver function, the principles of drug use in liver disease and includes a section of worked examples of commonly asked questions.Trade Review'For those pharmacists involved in medication reviews, interpretation of liver function test results is an essential part of the process. This book provides an excellent explanation of each parameter and the limitations of using the results alone when assessing the degree of liver function.'Jackie Smith, a pharmaceutical advisor, Chemist and Druggist, October 2008 -- Jackie Smith * Chemist and Druggist *'This book combines all pertinent issues relating to liver dysfunction and medication use in one reference. The authors and contributors have done an excellent job to make the book a practical tool that can be used by clinicians when making therapeutic choices rather than merely presenting pharmacokinetic principles and expected alterations in liver disease.'Sharya Vaughan Bourdet, PharmD BCPS, The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Vol. 42, July/August 2008 -- Sharya Vaughan Bourdet * The Annals of Pharmacotherapy *'The book is written primarily for pharmacist clinicians, but it serves as a useful review for anyone who has an interest in drug metabolism and liver function...the thorough but easy to understand review of the liver anatomy and function is a highlight. This is a good read for those who need to brush up on these topics.'Patrick J. McDonnell, Temple University School of Pharmacy. Doody Enterprises, Inc. April 2008 -- Patrick J. McDonnell * Doody Enterprises *Table of ContentsPart 1 - Understanding Liver Function; 1. Introduction to the Anatomy of the Liver; 2. Functions of the Liver; 3. Causes of Liver Disease and Dysfunction; 4. Assessing Liver Function; Part 2 - Principles of Drug Use in Liver Disease; 5. Pharmacokinetics of Drugs in Liver Disease; 6. Undesirable Side Effects; Part 3 - Putting the Theory into Practice; 7. Applying the Principles - introduction; 8. Introducing the Aide Memoire; 9. Scenario 1 Choice of Analgesia; 10. Scenario 2 Choice of Anti-emetic; 11. Scenario 3 Choice of Anti-hyperlipidaemic Agent; 12. Scenario 4 Choice of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT); 13. Scenario 5 Choice of Contraceptive; Appendix 1 - Detailed Description of the Patient Cases; Appendix 2 - The Blank Aide Memoire Form.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book contains 43 lectures and poster communications presented in the international conference on the Cellular and Molecular Bases of Liver Cirrhosis held in Rennes on 3 to 5 July 1991.

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Book SynopsisAn easy to follow step-by-step guide to the most useful surgical skills from knot tying to simple procedures. Illustrated with colour photographs and video clips to demonstrate techniques, this book makes these practical skills as clear and easy to follow as possible.Including coverage of surgical instruments, wound management and suturing, and minor surgical procedures, it also explains how to use these essential surgical skills to make the most of a surgical placement. Healthcare students or junior professionals undertaking a placement in surgery or emergency medicine will feel confident and capable, and will be able to take an active role in surgical placements. Learning basic surgical skills is important for such placements, as well as for undertaking exams such as the Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS).Expert videos, guided by the author, are included with the book and can be accessed through www.routledge.com/9781032423265.Table of ContentsList of videos. Acknowledgements. Author bio. Introduction. Scrubbing. Basic surgical instruments. Sutures. Tying surgical knots. Local anaesthesia. Suture techniques. Electrosurgery. Wound debridement. Cyst excision. Making the most of your surgical placement. Suturing checklist. Advice after sutures. Index.

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Book SynopsisGastroenterology and Hepatology Lecture Notes is a comprehensive yet easy-to-read overview of luminal gastroenterology and hepatology. Covering the epidemiology, causes, clinical features, investigation, treatment and prognosis of all the main gut and liver conditions, it is ideal for both exam preparation and fact finding.Table of ContentsPreface to the second edition vii Preface to the first edition viii About the companion website ix Part I Clinical Basics 1 Approach to the patient with abdominal pain 3 2 Approach to the patient with liver disease 13 3 Approach to the patient with luminal disease 20 4 Nutrition 34 5 Gastrointestinal infections 46 6 Gastrointestinal investigations 53 Part II Gastrointestinal Emergencies 7 Acute gastrointestinal bleeding 63 8 Acute upper and lower gastrointestinal emergencies 67 9 Acute liver failure 75 10 Pancreatobiliary emergencies 81 Part III Regional Gastroenterology 11 Oral cavity 91 12 Oesophagus 93 13 Stomach and duodenum 101 14 Small intestine 107 15 Small and large bowel disorders 115 16 Colon 128 17 Anorectum 135 18 Pancreatic diseases 141 19 Biliary diseases 149 20 Consequences of chronic liver disease 160 21 Liver transplantation 174 22 Alcoholic liver disease 182 23 Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease 186 24 Viral hepatitides 190 25 Drug‐induced liver injury 204 26 Autoimmune hepatitis 209 27 Liver tumours and lesions 212 28 Vascular liver diseases 218 29 Pregnancy‐related liver disease 229 30 Hereditary and congenital liver diseases 233 Part IV Study Aids and Revision Gastrointestinal history check-list 255 Abdominal examination routine 257 Rectal examination routine 259 Common OSCE cases 260 Surgical sieve 261 Part V Self‐Assessment: Answers Self-assessment: Answers 265 Index 271

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive resource for fellows/trainees and candidates for recertification in gastroenterology summarizes the field in a modern, fresh format. Prominent experts from around the globe write on their areas of expertise, and each chapter follows a uniform structure. The focus is on key knowledge, with the most important clinical facts highlighted in boxes. Color illustrations reinforce the text.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. Foreword. Part 1: Pathobiology of the Liver and Biliary Tract. 1 Anatomy, Embryology and Histology (Nirusha Lachman, Wojciech Pawlina). 2 Immunology of the Liver and Mechanisms of Inflammation (Konstantinos N. Lazaridis). Part 2: Diagnostic Approaches in Liver Disease. 3 Approach to History Taking and Physical Examination in Liver and Biliary Disease (David D. Douglas). 4 Assessment of Abnormal Liver Injury Tests (Mashal Jatoi Batheja, Hugo E. Vargas). 5 Imaging of the Liver and Biliary Tree (Alvin C. Silva). 6 ERCP and Biliary Manometry (Todd H. Baron). 7 Endoscopic Techniques used in the Management of Liver and Biliary Tree Disease: EUS (Ferga C. Gleeson, Elizabeth Rajan). 8 Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Management of Liver Disease (Hugo E. Vargas). 9 Liver Biopsy and Paracentesis (John J. Poterucha, Timothy J. Gunneson). Part 3: Problem-Based Approach to Liver Disease. 10 Jaundice and Pruritus (Andrea Gossard, Keith Lindor). 11 Liver Mass Found Incidentally on Abdominal Imaging (Thomas J. Byrne). 12 Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain (Feng Li, Cuong Nguyen). 13 Acute Liver Failure (J. Eileen Hay). Part 4: Problems Related to Chronic Liver Disease. 14 Portal Hypertension (Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu, Patrick S. Kamath). 15 Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Lewis R. Roberts). 16 Pregnancy and Liver Disease (Elizabeth J. Carey, J. Eileen Hay). 17 Biliary Atresia and Cystic Fibrosis: Transitioning Care from Pediatrics to Internal Medicine (Veena Venkat, Benjamin L. Shneider). Part 5: Diseases of the Liver. 18 Acute Viral Hepatitis: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E and Other Viruses (Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco, Jorge Rakela). 19 Hepatitis B and C (W. Ray Kim, John J. Poterucha). 20 Bacterial and Other Non-Viral Infections of the Liver (Maria Teresa A. Seville, Ann McCullough, Shimon Kusne). 21 Metabolic Liver Diseases (John B. Gross). 22 Hepatic Steatosis and NAFLD (Paul Angulo). 23 Drug-induced Liver Injury (Einar S. Björnsson, Naga Chalasani). 24 Alcoholic Liver Disease (Helga Paula, Vijay Shah). 25 Autoimmune Liver Diseases (Jayant A. Talwalkar, Keith D. Lindor). 26 Vascular Diseases of the Liver (Bashar A. Aqel). 27 Hepatic Complications of Bone Marrow Transplantation (Kelly K. Curtis, James L. Slack, Hugo E. Vargas). 28 Hepatic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases (Stephen Crane Hauser). Part 6: Liver Transplantation. 29 Indications and Patient Selection (Saleh Alqahtani, Kymberly D.S. Watt). 30 What Hepatologists Should Know About Liver Transplant Surgery (Kristin L. Mekeel, David C. Mulligan). 31 Immunosuppression: The Essentials (David J. Post, David D. Douglas). 32 Liver Transplantation: Early and Long Term Management and Complications (Chakri Panjala, Denise M. Harnois). Part 7: Problem-Based Approach to Biliary Tract Disease and Gallbladder. 33 Gallstones, Gallbladder Polyps and Their Complications: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management (Ethan D. Miller, M. Edwyn Harrison). 34 Functional Gallbladder and Sphincter of Oddi Disorders (Bret T. Petersen). 35 Cancer of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tree (David J. Rea, David M. Nagorney, Charles B. Rosen). 36 Biliary Strictures and Leaks (Erin W. Thackeray, William Sanchez). Index.

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Book SynopsisA new chapter on complementary and alternative therapies expands on this topic.Table of ContentsList of ContributorsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart I1. An Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease2. IBD Causes and Risk Factors3. Why Is IBD So Difficult to Diagnose?Part II4. The Symptoms of IBD5. How to Prepare for a Visit to Your Child's IBD Doctor6. Office Visits and Procedures for Children with IBD7. Laboratory Testing8. Imaging Studies9. Endoscopic ExamsPart III10. Medical Treatments11. Surgery12. Managing Specific Problems13. The Role of Nutrition14. Complementary and Alternative TherapiesPart IV15. Family Life16. Different Ages, Different Issues17. Following the Treatment Plan18. School Days19. Insurance and Other Financial IssuesPart V20. Transitions from School to Work and Independent Living21. Transitions from Pediatric to Adult Health ProvidersPart VI22. Where to Get Additional Help and Information23. Frequently Asked QuestionsAppendixGlossaryIndex

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Book SynopsisSurgery of the Liver, Bile Ducts and Pancreas in Children, Third Edition describes the modern approach to the diagnosis, management and surgery of childhood conditions of the liver and associated structures. The first edition was recognized worldwide as a landmark publication and helped to establish pediatric hepatobiliary surgery as a discrete subspecialty; the second was expanded to include pancreatic diseases, transplantation and trauma. This third edition is overseen by a new editorial team from two world-leading centers for children's liver surgery: King's College Hospital in London, and Lurie Children''s Hospital in Chicago. The book has been further expanded and updated by a team of international experts to take account of the very latest advances in research and practice.Trade ReviewPraise for the previous edition:"I have no doubt that this will prove to be a valuable reference text for all clinicians involved in the surgical care of children with disorders of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas, and for hepatobiliary specialists themselves."—British Journal of Surgery"This book will serve as an invaluable resource for gastroenterologists, paediatricians, surgeons, nurses, and others involved in the surgical care of children with liver, biliary, or pancreatic disorders, whether at a specialist children's centre or a district hospital, and will appeal to trainees, whose exposure these days to complex hepatobiliary surgery is limited. In addition, gastroenterologists and surgeons treating the increasing number of adults with disorders of childhood will find this book a most helpful companion."—GUTTable of ContentsBasic Science. Anatomy. Embryology and Development. Physiology. Investigations. Investigation of the Liver and Bile Ducts. Investigation of the Pancreas. Endoscopy of Biliary Tract and Pancreas. Infection and Sepsis. Liver & Pancreatic Sepsis. Parasitic disease of Liver, Bile ducts and Pancreas. Bile Duct Disease. Biliary Atresia. Choledochal Malformations. Cholelithiasis. Cholecystectomy & Exploration of the Bile Duct. Miscellaneous Biliary Pathology. Miscellaneous Liver Pathology. Metabolic Liver Disease (medical). Biliary Diversion Strategies. Pancreas. Acute Pancreatitis. Chronic Pancreatitis. Nesidioblastosis and Hyperinsulinaemia. Neoplasia. Liver and Bile Ducts (Benign). Liver and Bile Ducts (Malignant). Pancreas. Classification, Chemotherapy and Medical Management of Malignant Liver Tumours. Resectional Surgery of the Liver and Pancreas. Vascular Anomalies and Portal. Congenital Vascular Malformations. Portal Vein Thrombosis (MD RS). Portal hypertension (Budd-Chiari syndrome and Parenchymal Liver Disease. Trauma. Liver and Bile Duct Trauma. Pancreatic Trauma – aetiology and management. Liver Transplantation. Indications and Ethics in Liver Transplantation. Transplant Immunology and Immunosuppression. Preoperative Assessment & Preparation. Anaesthesia. Donor Hepatectomy & Retrieval. Orthotopic Liver Transplant. Reduced Lobe and Split Liver Transplantation. Living Donor Transplantation. Non-heart beating donation. Auxiliary Liver Transplantation. Intensive Care & Post Operative Management. Complications of Transplantation. Pancreas Transplantation. Background & Indications. Pancreatic Transplantation (whole organ). Pancreatic Transplantation (Isolated islets). End Notes – Transition. Adolescent Medicine and Transition Care post Transplantation. Physical and Psycho-social Development post Transplantation.

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Book SynopsisThis book builds on the success of previous editions, once again providing hepatologists the most current clinical guide on how to best treat the liver transplant recipient. With an international mix of experienced contributors, this new edition highlights initial indication and selection of the potential recipient, management of the donor organ, post-operative complications in the patient through to acute recovery, long-term follow-up, and continued health. This provides the user a complete guide to the correct clinical management of both the recipient and the donor organ through all stages of transplantation.Trade Review“I can recommend the book with enthusiasm. It will find a place on my bookshelf.” (Gastroenterology, 1 December 2012) “This new edition does a good job addressing more current issues in liver transplantation. It succinctly provides an excellent base of understanding, guiding readers through a variety of indications for liver transplantation to help them understand the operative and chronic management of these patients.” (Doody’s, 20 July 2012) Table of ContentsContributors, ix Preface, xv Part 1 Management of the potential transplant recipient 1 Selection and evaluation of the recipient (including retransplantation), 3 Audrey Coilly and Didier Samuel 2 Monitoring the patient awaiting liver transplantation, 13 Andreas Geier and Beat Müllhaupt 3 Management of portal hypertension, 26 Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Juan G. Abraldes and Jaime Bosch 4 Management of renal disease in the liver transplant candidate, 39 Andrés Cárdenas and Pere Ginès 5 Management of hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension, 51 Victor I. Machicao and Michael B. Fallon 6 Psychiatric and substance abuse evaluation of the potential liver transplant recipient, 62 Thomas P. Beresford 7 Organ allocation in liver transplantation: ethics, organ supply, and evidencebased practice, 75 Nicole Siparsky, David Axelrod and Richard B. Freeman 8 Viral hepatitis and transplantation, 88 Geoffrey W. McCaughan 9 Metabolic liver diseases, 97 Maureen M.J. Guichelaar and Michael R. Charlton 10 Cholestatic and autoimmune liver disease, 110 Ulrich Beuers 11 Hepatocellular carcinoma, 121 Maria Reig, Alejandro Forner and Jordi Bruix 12 Cholangiocarcinoma, 133 Howard C. Masuoka, Gregory J. Gores and Charles B. Rosen 13 Rare indications for liver transplantation, 145 Stevan A. Gonzalez 14 Liver transplantation in HIV patients, 155 Marion G. Peters and Peter G. Stock 15 Living-donor liver transplantation, 162 Robert S. Brown Jr 16 Fulminant hepatic failure, 176 Michael A. Heneghan and William Bernal Part 2 Donor issues and management in the perioperative period 17 Extended-criteria donor, 191 Ashraf Mohammad El-Badry and Mickael Lesurtel 18 Liver transplantation using donors after cardiac death, 201 Paolo Muiesan, Laura Tariciotti and Chiara Rocha 19 Transmission of malignancies and infection through donor organs, 216 Aaron M. Winnick and Lewis Teperman 20 The transplant operation, 229 Philipp Dutkowski, Olivier de Rougemont and Pierre-Alain Clavien 21 Difficult surgical patients, 238 Philipp Dutkowski, Stefan Breitenstein and Pierre-Alain Clavien 22 Domino and split-liver transplantation, 246 Abhideep Chaudhary and Abhinav Humar 23 Surgical aspects of living-donor transplantation, 255 Kelvin K.C. Ng and Sheung Tat Fan 24 Anesthesia, 266 Beatrice Beck-Schimmer 25 Coagulation and blood transfusion management, 276 Herman G.D. Hendriks, Ton Lisman and Robert J. Porte 26 Critical care of the liver transplant recipient, 286 Markus Béchir, Erik Schadde and Philipp Dutkowski 27 Rejection and immunosuppression trends in liver transplantation, 297 James F. Trotter 28 Vascular complications after liver transplantation, 311 Goran Klintmalm and Srinath Chinnakotla 29 Biliary complications following liver transplantation, 319 Sanna op den Dries, Robert C. Verdonk and Robert J. Porte 30 Role of histopathology, 332 Achim Weber Part 3 Chronic problems in the transplant recipient 31 Medical problems after liver transplantation, 347 Eberhard L. Renner and Marco Puglia 32 Prevention and treatment of recurrent HBV and HCV infection, 361 Ed Gane 33 Recurrence of the original disease, 372 James Neuberger 34 Infections in the liver transplant recipient, 380 Nicolas J. Mueller and Jay A. Fishman 35 Cutaneous diseases in liver transplant recipients, 389 Sylvie Euvrard and Jean Kanitakis 36 Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and other malignancies after liver transplantation, 398 Natasha Chandok and Kymberly D.S. Watt 37 Sexual function and fertility after liver transplantation, 406 Andreas Geier and Beat Müllhaupt Part 4 Pediatric liver transplantation 38 Special considerations in pediatric liver transplantation, 419 Brandy Ries Lu and Ronald J. Sokol Multiple choice questions, 431 Answers, 446 Index, 451

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Book SynopsisChronic liver disease is one of the most prevalent diseases in the developed world. The large amount of new knowledge has resulted in subspecialities, even in issues such as hepatology. Thus every day, it is more difficult to access all relevant information that is being published. Additionally, biomolecular techniques lead to a level of complexity that is only beneficial when dealt with by professionals. This book attempts to give a broad overview of the molecular biology of the liver, emphasizing how this knowledge is the basis of further treatment. Thus, pathophysiology and therapies are updated in viral hepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy and portal hypertension, among others. However, appended issues that apparently are less relevant such as the stem cell and endocannabinoids are included. These two issues will soon be of importance due to their close relationship with the liver tissue and especially with liver disease. There are also new paradigms such as cell death and the implication of the extracellular matrix, which are also addressed. In addition, important issues such as the stellate cells and their intimate relationship with fibrogenesis are treated in-depth. Also the fundamental role of endothelin in chronic liver disease is examined. Because of its prevalence, NASH was discussed with special interest, with a focus on the process from fatty liver to molecular biology of liver cells and metabolism in chronic liver disease. The authors believe that this is a broad vision that describes the basic pathophysiological mechanisms shared by many liver diseases, giving rational support for specific therapies.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a celebration of the emergence of knowledge in the field of pediatric hepatology and is written for primary care clinicians to help update their knowledge of the field. The current and future shortage of pediatric gastroenterologists and hepatologists necessitates steady, rejuvenated information on liver and gastrointestinal disorders for primary care clinicians as they care for children and adolescents with complex hepatologic/gastroenterologic dilemmas and disorders. In view of this shortage and the rapidly increasing knowledge in pediatric gastroenterology as well understanding indications for referral to pediatric gastroenterologists in the 21st century, au courant assiduous information aimed at primary care clinicians in these areas becomes increasingly important.Table of ContentsDedication; Preface; Introduction; History of the Hepato-Biliary System: From Promethius to the Prodigious Pantheons of Progress in the past and Present; Pediatric Perspectives on Hepatitis; Hepatic-Related Hematologic Disorders in Children; Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents; Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease; Common Pediatric Liver Surgical Conditions; Hyperlipidemia and the Gastrointestinal Tract; Obesity in Children and Adolescents; Pediatric Liver Cancer; Gaucher Disease; Mucopolysaccharoidoses: Current Concepts and Perspectives in the 21st Century; Concepts of Metabolic Disorders; Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and the Liver; Niemann-Pick Disease; Wilsons Disease: The Liver, Brain, Eyes and More; Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI); Mitochondrial Hepatopathies; Parasitic Disease of the Liver in Children; Intestinal/Lung/Liver Flukes; Circumcision; The Pediatric Liver: Mental Health Considerations; Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability (CID) for Children and Adolescents: A Global Perspective; Behavioral Aspects of Chronic Illness; Physicians Use of Brief Counseling Models in a Pediatric Outpatient Setting; Chronic Disease and the Dying Adolescent; About the Editors; About the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States; About the Childrens Hospital of the Kings Daughters (CHKD), Norfolk, Virginia, United States; About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel; Index.

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Book SynopsisHepatitis C Doesn''t Have to Be a Lifelong IllnessCuring Hepatitis C provides the latest information to guide you through the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with hepatitis C, this book provides an indispensable and comprehensive overview of everything you need to know to take the right steps toward a cure.For the nearly 160 million people worldwide and 4 million Americans diagnosed with hepatitis C, there is now hope. Although hepatitis C was once considered incurable, medical and technological innovations have made a cure possible. A new frontier of treatment options has improved upon previous methods by curbing side-effects more effectively and working to eradicate hepatitis C entirely.   Curing Hepatitis C also includes:* Easy-to-understand explanations of the nature of hepatitis C * The revealing truth of misconceptions about hepatitis C * Tips to prevent, diagnose, cope with, and ultimately cure this disease* An overview of types of tests and how to understand your results* Breakthrough treatments and medications for hepatitis C, such as triple therapy* The next generation of treatments including interferon-free regimens, QUAD therapy, host-acting antivirals, and more* Personal anecdotes from those affected by hepatitis C

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Book SynopsisThe liver is a large organ that sits in the right upper abdomen, just under the right lung. It is one of the body''s most "intelligent" organs in that it performs so many different functions at the same time. The liver makes proteins, eliminates waste material from the body, produces cholesterol, stores and releases glucose energy and metabolises many drugs used in medicine. It also produces bile that flows through bile ducts into the intestine where it helps to digest food. This organ also has the ability to regenerate itself if it is injured or partially removed. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver that involves the formation of fibrous (scar) tissue associated with the destruction of the normal architecture of the organ. Many types of chronic injury to the liver can result in scar tissue. This scarring distorts the normal structure and re-growth of liver cells. The flow of blood through the liver from the intestine is blocked and the work done by the liver, such as processing drugs or producing proteins, is hindered. Until recently, the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver in the United States was attributed to alcohol abuse. Because of the rapid increase of hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis C has now taken over first place (26%), with alcohol abuse falling to second place, but only slightly behind at 21%. This outstanding book elucidates new and important research results from throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisThe liver is a large organ that sits in the right upper abdomen, just under the right lung. It is one of the body''s most "intelligent" organs in that it performs so many different functions at the same time. The liver makes proteins, eliminates waste material from the body, produces cholesterol, stores and releases glucose energy and metabolises many drugs used in medicine. It also produces bile that flows through bile ducts into the intestine where it helps to digest food. This organ also has the ability to regenerate itself if it is injured or partially removed. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver that involves the formation of fibrous (scar) tissue associated with the destruction of the normal architecture of the organ. Many types of chronic injury to the liver can result in scar tissue. This scarring distorts the normal structure and re-growth of liver cells. The flow of blood through the liver from the intestine is blocked and the work done by the liver, such as processing drugs or producing proteins, is hindered. Until recently, the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver in the United States was attributed to alcohol abuse. Because of the rapid increase of hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis C has now taken over first place (26%), with alcohol abuse falling to second place, but only slightly behind at 21%. This outstanding book elucidates new and important research results from throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses in detail new aspects of the metabolic basis of important chronic liver diseases. Entities such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (fatty liver and Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis -- NASH), diabeties in chronic hepetitis C, hemochromatosis, Wilson''s disease, Gaucher disease, porphyria, as well as liver cirrhosis and its metabolic consequences will be discussed in detail. These clinical conditions are highly prevalent and affect millions of patients in the USA and world-wide. For example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of elevated liver enzymes in the general population. This field has been practically transformed over the last few years, with many new insights gained, regarding both pathogenesis and effective novel treatments.

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Book SynopsisThe liver is a large organ that sits in the right upper abdomen, just under the right lung. It is one of the body''s most "intelligent" organs in that it performs so many different functions at the same time. The liver makes proteins, eliminates waste material from the body, produces cholesterol, stores and releases glucose energy and metabolises many drugs used in medicine. It also produces bile that flows through bile ducts into the intestine where it helps to digest food. This organ also has the ability to regenerate itself if it is injured or partially removed. Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver that involves the formation of fibrous (scar) tissue associated with the destruction of the normal architecture of the organ. Many types of chronic injury to the liver can result in scar tissue. This scarring distorts the normal structure and re-growth of liver cells. The flow of blood through the liver from the intestine is blocked and the work done by the liver, such as processing drugs or producing proteins, is hindered. Until recently, the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver in the United States was attributed to alcohol abuse. Because of the rapid increase of hepatitis C virus infection, hepatitis C has now taken over first place (26%), with alcohol abuse falling to second place, but only slightly behind at 21%. This outstanding book elucidates new and important research results from throughout the world.

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Book SynopsisHepatitis B virus (HBV), discovered in 1966, infects more than 350 million people in the world. The infection of HBV is a leading cause of chronic carriage of the virus and progressive liver diseases, such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV consists of a circular, partially double-stranded DNA molecule of 3.2 kb in length, which contains four overlapping reading frames that code for surface proteins (HBsAg), core proteins (HBcAg/HBeAg), the viral polymerase, and the transcriptional transactivator X protein. Chronic hepatitis appears to be due to a suboptimal cellular immune response that destroys some of the infected hepatocytes and does not purge the virus from the remaining infected hepatocytes, thereby permitting the persisting virus to trigger a chronic indolent necroinflammatory liver disease that sets the stage for development of HCC. However, the mechanisms responsible for malignant transformation in chronic HBV infection are not well defined, and both viral and host factors have been implicated in the process. All cases of HCC occur after many years of chronic hepatitis which could, theoretically, provide the mitogenic and mutagenic environment to precipitate random genetic and chromosomal damage, and lead to the development of HCC. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), an important transforming inducer, plays a crucial role in HCC development. HBx has the capability to influence a variety of signal transduction pathways within the cells. Monitoring of the HBV genotypes and antibody to Hepatitis B x antigen (anti-HBx) are significant for predicting early diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and HCC. HBV and Hepatitis C virus or HIV coinfections can accelerate the course of chronic liver disease and facilitate progression to cirrhosis and HCC. As for therapy of liver diseases, five drugs are now FDA-approved for the treatment of HBV, including interferon (IFN), lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir, and peginterferon alfa-2a. Moreover, the prevention for HBV infection is very important. It is likely that the most important outcome of the research on HBV has been the invention, development, and application of the vaccine against HBV. However, at present most investigators focus on basic research rather than practical applications. The HBV research should be focused on animal models and clinical practice. The technology update in HBV research and the multisubject combination may be attached importance to next a few decades. Some molecular approaches, such as antisense, oligonucleotides, ribozymes, RNA interference targeting HBV mRNA, are available in antiviral therapies.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive review of the studies concerning HBV epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment. In addition, it describes recent advances in the knowledge of immune response function, promoting either viral control or persistence, and effects of antiviral therapy in patients with HBV acute or chronic infection are reported. Although mechanisms involved in inflammatory and immune response in acute and chronic HBV infections have been extensively studied, several questions remain unresolved. Moreover, in recent years several key steps in research have contributed to improve our present knowledge of immunopathogenesis of HBV infection.

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Book SynopsisRapid advances on molecular studies, manipulation of the mouse genome, the development of a number of animal models, and using these in studies of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have provided important insights into the pathogenesis of this relatively common disorder. One of the most crucial advances was to recognise the links among obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation and NAFLD. A growing body of literature has shown that insulin resistance and its liver-related consequence, NAFLD, could be the result of generalised inflammation. Genetic and behavioral factors contribute to increased visceral adipose tissue where increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation may contribute to dysregulated production of adipocytokines, fatty acids, and bioactive lipids. This chain of these events may contribute to local and peripheral insulin resistance, a central underlying pathophysiological process that may both cause and result from increased peripheral lipolysis and elevated free fatty acid concentrations in the circulation. Abnormally elevated free fatty acids taken up by organs other than adipose tissue, such as liver and skeletal muscle, contributes to steatosis of these organs (ectopic lipogenesis). Increased muscle and hepatocellular lipid content provides substrates for oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and also promotes insulin resistance in both liver and muscle by disturbing their downstream insulin signaling cascades. Insulin resistance further increases peripheral lipolysis in adipose tissue, further elevates circulating free fatty acids, inhibits hepatic fatty acid â-oxidation and increases de novo synthesis of both fatty acids and triglycerides in the liver. Excessively produced triglycerides in the liver are either stored as fat droplets or secreted into the plasma as very-low-density lipoproteins. If this complex mechanism of hepatic fat synthesis and secretion capacity is overwhelmed, excessive triglycerides accumulate within the hepatocytes and manifests as NAFLD. A fatty liver is sensitive to hepatocellular injury and sustained injury can manifest as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-associated cirrhosis, and NASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Specific depletion of hepatic natural killer T cells with consequent proinflammatory cytokine polarisation of liver cytokine production might be one reason for this increased hepatic sensitivity against various stimuli. Only a minority of patients with NAFLD have the necroinflammatory changes of NASH. The development of NASH in patients with NAFLD may be the consequence of secondary abnormalities such as injured and dysfunctional mitochondria, generation of reactive oxygen species with down-regulation or consumption of antioxidants causing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, increased activity of cytochrome P450 2E1, disturbed production of adipocytokines, and the effects of gut-derived cytotoxic products. The dynamic interplay of these processes in the pathogenesis of NAFLD remains incompletely understood and is an area of active research.

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