Organic chemistry Books

Book SynopsisBiophysical Chemistry is an outstanding book that delivers both fundamental and complex biophysical principles, along with an excellent overview of the current biophysical research areas, in a manner that makes it accessible for mathematically and non-mathematically inclined readers.Trade Review"Biophysical Chemistry is an outstanding book that delivers both fundamental and complex biophysical principles, along with an excellent overview of the current biophysical research areas, in a manner that makes it accessible for mathematically and non-mathematically inclined readers." (Journal of Chemical Biology, February 2009) "This is strongly recommended as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students with backgrounds in the physical and biological sciences. It will also prove extremely useful to university and high school educators, medical doctors, and researchers who want to go beyond a surface treatment of biological phenomenology to its roots in physics and chemistry." (Doody's, February, 2009)"Biophysical Chemistry ist ein herausragendes Lehrbuch, das Grundprinzipien genauso ausführlich erklärt wie komplexe biophysikalische Zusammenhänge; auch aktuelle Forschungsgebiete kommen nicht zu kurz. Verständlich auch für Leser, die keine besonderen mathematischen Fähigkeiten mitbringen." (Journal of Chemical Biology, Februar 2009)Table of ContentsPreface 1. Basic Thermodynamic and Biochemical Concepts Part 1: Thermodynamics and Kinetics 2. First Law of Thermodynamics 3. Second Law of Thermodynamics 4. Phase Diagrams, Mixtures, and Chemical Potential 5. Equilibria and Reactions Involving Protons 6. Oxidation/Reduction Reactions and Bioenergetics 7. Kinetics and Enzymes 8. The Boltzmann Distribution and Statistical Thermodynamics Part 2: Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy 9. Quantum Theory: Introduction and Principles 10. Particle in a Box and Tunneling 11. Vibrational Motion and Infrared Spectroscopy 12. Atomic Structure: Hydrogen Atom and Multi-Electron Atoms 13. Chemical Bonds and Protein Interactions 14. Electronic Transitions and Optical Spectroscopy 15. X-Ray Diffraction and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure 16. Magnetic Resonance Part 3: Understanding Biological Systems using Physical Chemistry 17. Signal Transduction 18. Membrane Potentials, Transporters, and Channels 19. Molecular Imaging 20. Photosynthesis References and Further Reading Problems Answers to Problems Index

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Book SynopsisInspiring and motivating students from the moment it published, Organic Chemistry has established itself in just one edition as the students'' choice of organic chemistry text. This second edition takes all that has made Organic Chemistry the book of choice, and has refined and refocused it to produce a text that is even more student-friendly, more coherent and more logical in its presentation than before.At heart, the second edition remains true to the first, being built on three principles:An explanatory approach, through which the reader is motivated to understand the subject and not just learn the facts;A mechanistic approach, giving the reader the power to understand compounds and reactions never previously encountered;An evidence-based approach, setting out clearly how and why reactions happen as they do, giving extra depth to the reader''s understanding.The authors write clearly and directly, sharing with the reader their own fascination with the subject, and leading them carefully from topic to topic. Their honest and open narrative flags pitfalls and misconceptions, guiding the reader towards a complete picture of organic chemistry and its universal themes and principles.Enriched with an extensive bank of online resources to help the reader visualise the structure of organic compounds and their reaction mechanisms, this second edition reaffirms the position of Organic Chemistry as the essential course companion for all organic chemistry students. Online Resource CentreFor students:A range of problems to accompany each chapterFor registered adopters of the text:Figures from the book in electronic formatTrade ReviewIt is a credit to the authors that a textbook that I have adored for so many years has undergone such a substantial overhaul and yet still retains the features that made it quite so attractive to students in the first place. This is a book that will continue to inspire students of organic chemistry for many years to come. Even if you already have the first edition, I am happy to recommend that you invest in this new version you will not be disappointed. * John Hayward, in Chemistry World, December 2012 *Review from previous edition This is a book we have all been waiting for! It is based on sound mechanistic reasoning and contains thousands of useful examples for teaching. Its style is approachable and covers both fundamental and more advanced material. * Adam Nelson, Lecturer, University of Leeds *Review from previous edition Represents a milestone in the field of organic chemistry textbooks... This is the first organic textbook that could be used in some shape or form on almost every organic chemistry course in any UK undergraduate programme... I soon expect to be hearing "You can look it up in Clayden" ringing from lectures and tutorials, and for many years to come. * Andrew Boa in The Times Higher Education, 2001 *Table of Contents1. What is organic chemistry? ; 2. Organic structures ; 3. Determining organic structures ; 4. Structure of molecules ; 5. Organic reactions ; 6. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group ; 7. Delocalization and conjugation ; 8. Acidity, basicity, and pKa ; 9. Using organometallic reagents to make C-C bonds ; 10. Nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl group ; 11. Nucleophilic substitution at C=O with loss of carbonyl oxygen ; 12. Equilibria, rates and mechanisms ; 13. 1H NMR: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ; 14. Stereochemistry ; 15. Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon ; 16. Conformational analysis ; 17. Elimination reactions ; 18. Review of spectroscopic methods ; 19. Electrophilic addition to alkenes ; 20. Formation and reactions of enols and enolates ; 21. Electrophilic aromatic substitution ; 22. Conjugate addition and nucleophilic aromatic substitution ; 23. Chemoselectivity and protecting groups ; 24. Regioselectivity ; 25. Alkylation of enolates ; 26. Reactions of enolates with carbonyl compounds: the aldol and Claisen reactions ; 27. Sulfur, silicon and phosphorus in organic chemistry ; 28. Retrosynthetic analysis ; 29. Aromatic heterocycles 1: structures and reactions ; 30. Aromatic heterocycles 2: synthesis ; 31. Saturated heterocycles and stereoelectronics ; 32. Stereoselectivity in cyclic molecules ; 33. Diastereoselectivity ; 34. Pericyclic reactions 1: cycloadditions ; 35. Pericyclic reactions 2: sigmatropic and electrocyclic reactions ; 36. Participation, rearrangement and fragmentation ; 37. Radical reactions ; 38. Synthesis and reactions of carbenes ; 39. Determining reaction mechanisms ; 40. Organometallic chemistry ; 41. Asymmetric synthesis ; 42. Organic chemistry of life ; 43. Organic chemistry today

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Book SynopsisDespite the growing interest in olive oil, most people know very little about what it is or how it is made. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of olive oil from the tree to table, from a molecular and personal perspective. Growers often do not know what is happening at a molecular level or why certain practices produce superior or inferior results, for example, why adjusting a temperature rewards them with winning oils. This book aims to provide some of the answers as well as the importance of the chemicals responsible for the flavour and health effects. Readers will also get a deeper understanding of what makes an extra virgin olive oil authentic and how scientists are helping to fight fraud regarding this valuable commodity. Including anecdotes from growers of olives and producers of oils, the authors provide an accessible text for a wide audience from food science students to readers interested in the human story of olive oil production.Table of ContentsOlive Origins; The Beginning of a Grove: Planting the Trees; The Tree Through the Year; Season's End: Harvesting the Fruit; Processing: The Most Important Hour; Delivering Quality and Assuring Authenticity; Good Taste is Required; Health Effects: But is Olive Oil Good for You?; 1001 Uses for Olive Oil; Sustainability

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Book SynopsisReceive a detailed and comprehensive breakdown of the lab techniques all organic chemistry students need to know with Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry.

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Book SynopsisPhotochemistry of Organic Compounds: From Concepts to Practice provides a hands-on guide demonstrating the underlying principles of photochemistry and, by reference to a range of organic reaction types, its effective use in the synthesis of new organic compounds and in various applications. The book presents a complete and methodical approach to the topic, Working from basic principles, discussing key techniques and studies of reactive intermediates, and illustrating synthetic photochemical procedures. Incorporating special topics and case studies covering various applications of photochemistry in chemistry, environmental sciences, biochemistry, physics, medicine, and industry. Providing extensive references to the original literature and to review articles. Concluding with a chapter on retrosynthetic photochemistry, listing key reactions to aid the reader in designing their own synthetic pathways. This book will be a valTable of Contents1. Introduction. 1.1 Who’s Afraid Of Photochemistry? 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. 1.3 Perception Of Colour. 1.4 Electronic States: Elements Of Molecular Quantum Mechanics. 1.5 Problems. 2. A Crash Course In Photophysics And A Classification Of Primary Photoreactions. 2.1 Photophysical Processes. 2.2 Energy Transfer, Quenching and Sensitization. 2.3 A Classification of Photochemical Reaction Pathways. 2.4 Problems. 3. Techniques And Methods. 3.1 Light Sources, Filters, and Detectors. 3.2 Preparative Irradiation. 3.3 Absorption Spectra. 3.4 Steady-State Emission Spectra and Their Correction. 3.5 Time-Resolved Luminescence. 3.6 Absorption And Emission Spectroscopy With Polarized Light. 3.7 Flash Photolysis. 3.8 Time-Resolved IR and Raman Spectroscopy. 3.9 Quantum Yields. 3.10 Low-Temperature Studies; Matrix Isolation. 3.11 Photoacoustic Calorimetry. 3.12 Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy. 3.13 Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. 3.14 Problems. 4. Quantum Mechanical Models of Electronic Excitation and Photochemical Reactivity. 4.1 Boiling Down The Schr™Dinger Equation. 4.2 Hšckel Molecular Orbital Theory. 4.3 HMO Perturbation Theory. 4.4 Symmetry Considerations. 4.5 Simple Quantum Chemical Models of Electronic Excitation. 4.6 Pairing Theorems and Dewar’s PMO Theory. 4.7 The Need for Improvement; SCF, CI And DFT Calculations. 4.8 Spin-Orbit Coupling. 4.9 Theoretical Models of Photoreactivity, Correlation Diagrams. 4.10 Problems. 4.11 Appendix. 5. Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms and Reaction Intermediates. 5.1 What is a Reaction Mechanism? 5.2 Electron Transfer. 5.3 Proton Transfer. 5.4 Primary Photochemical Intermediates: Examples and Concepts. 5.5 Photoisomerization of Double Bonds. 5.6 Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence. 5.7 Problems. 6. Chemistry Of Excited Molecules. 6.1 Alkenes And Alkynes. 6.2 Aromatic Compounds. 6.3 Oxygen Compounds. 6.4 Nitrogen Compounds. 6.5 Sulphur Compounds. 6.6 Halogen Compounds. 6.7 Molecular Oxygen. 6.8 Photosensitizers, Photoinitiators and Photocatalysts. 7. Retrosynthetic Photochemistry. 8. Information Sources, Tables. 9. Index. 10. References.

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Book SynopsisChemistry is widely considered to be the central science: it encompasses concepts on which all other branches of science are developed. Yet, for many students entering university, gaining a firm grounding in chemistry is a real challenge. Chemistry responds to this challenge, providing students with a full understanding of the fundamental principles of chemistry on which to build later studies.Uniquely amongst the introductory chemistry texts currently available, Chemistry''s author team brings together experts in each of organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry with specialists in chemistry education to provide balanced coverage of the fundamentals of chemistry in a way that students both enjoy and understand. The result is a text that builds on what students know already from school and tackles their misunderstandings and misconceptions, thereby providing a seamless transition from school to undergraduate study. Written with unrivalled clarity, students are encouraged to engage with the text and appreciate the central role that chemistry plays in our lives through the unique use of real-world context and photographs. Chemistry tackles head-on two issues pervading chemistry education: students'' mathematical skills, and their ability to see the subject as a single, unified discipline. Instead of avoiding the maths, Chemistry provides structured support, in the form of careful explanations, reminders of key mathematical concepts, step-by-step calculations in worked examples, and a Maths Toolkit, to help students get to grips with the essential mathematical element of chemistry. Frequent cross-references highlight the connections between each strand of chemistry and explain the relationship between the topics, so students can develop an understanding of the subject as a whole. Digital formats and resourcesChemistry is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources. The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks The e-book also features interactive animations of molecular structures, screencasts in which authors talk step-by-step through selected examples and key reaction mechanisms, and self-assessment activities for each chapter. The accompanying online resources will also include, for students: Chapter 1 as an open-access PDF; Chapter summaries and key equations to download, to support revision; Worked solutions to the questions in the book.The following online resources are also provided for lecturers: Test bank of ready-made assessments for each chapter with which to test your students Problem-solving workshop activities for each chapter for you to use in class Case-studies showing how instructors are successfully using Chemistry3 in digital learning environments and to support innovative teaching practices Figures and tables from the bookTrade ReviewReview from previous edition It is a great textbook for first year courses with really good use of visual aids and excellent provision of worked examples to illustrate the concepts and their applications. It is a perfect transition from A-Level to Higher Education Chemistry. * Dr Rossana Wright, University of Nottingham *Chemistry3 is the best introductory chemistry textbook currently available. It is well written, excels in clarity of presentation, and is an outstanding book from the student learning perspective. All of the concepts covered are well explained and supported by excellent artwork. This is a book that all first and second year chemistry undergraduates should have. * Dr Gareth Owen, University of South Wales *This is an exemplar modern chemistry resource with a very rounded pedagogical approach to engaging students and supporting staff in delivering key chemical concepts and supporting facts. It is a one stop shop for mainstream chemistry fundamentals. * Dr Loretta M. Murphy, Bangor University *A fantastic all-round reference for university-level chemistry. It is a perfect way to bridge between school and university. * Adam Stubbs, student at Newcastle University *Chemistry3 is the best university chemistry text book for first and second year science students. It is comprehensive and contains all the fundamentals for chemists to know- from analytical to organic chemistry. It is also a student friendly book with tons of pictures and applications of chemistry in the real world. * Christian Nichol J. Geronimo, student at Dublin Institute of Technology *This material is fantastic and should be used alongside courses. The level of detail is exactly right for undergraduate courses and the colour coding of the boxes for worked examples and summaries make them really easy to find. There are lots of questions for you to have a go at which makes it easy to practice the new skills the book is helping to teach. * Rebecca Snelgrove, student at Keele University *Plenty of facts and figures are scattered throughout the text which makes reading not solely an educational, but also a fun activity. The examples of real life chemistry applications maintain the connection between theory and practice. The interdisciplinary approach provides a broader chemical understanding while not losing the comprehensiveness of the book. In short, a good all-in-one textbook for first-year students in chemistry. * Jelte van der Valk, student at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands *The topics are very thoroughly explained and are at exactly the right level for the student. There are many great examples illustrating the topics. It is a great book to read and study from as a student starting university. This is definitely a book I would buy, read and return to, when I needed an explanation for some basic chemistry. * Michelle Rasmussen, student at the University of Roskilde, Denmark *Table of Contents1. Fundamentals2. The language of organic chemistry3. Atomic structure and properties4. Diatomic molecules5. Polyatomic molecules6. Solids7. Acids and bases 8. Gases9. Reaction kinetics10. Molecular spectroscopy11. Analytical chemistry12. Molecular characterization13. Energy and thermochemistry14. Entropy and Gibbs energy15. Chemical equilibrium16. Electrochemistry17. Phase equilibrium and solutions18. Isomerism and stereochemistry19. Organic reaction mechanisms20. Halogenoalkanes21. Alkenes and alkynes22. Benzene and other aromatic compounds23. Aldehydes and ketones24. Carboxylic acids and derivatives25. Hydrogen26. s-Block chemistry27. p-Block chemistry28. d-Block chemistry

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Book SynopsisBrown''s Introduction to Organic Chemistry provides an introduction to organic chemistry for students who require the fundamentals of organic chemistry as a requirement for their major. It is most suited for a one semester organic chemistry course. In an attempt to highlight the relevance of the material to students, the authors place a strong emphasis on showing the interrelationship between organic chemistry and other areas of science, particularly the biological and health sciences. The text illustrates the use of organic chemistry as a tool in these sciences; it also stresses the organic compounds, both natural and synthetic, that surround us in everyday life: in pharmaceuticals, plastics, fibers, agrochemicals, surface coatings, toiletry preparations and cosmetics, food additives, adhesives, and elastomers.Table of Contents1 Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules 1 1.1 How Do We Describe the Electronic Structure of Atoms? 2 1.2 What Is the Lewis Model of Bonding? 5 1.3 How Do We Predict Bond Angles and the Shapes of Molecules? 13 1.4 How Do We Predict If a Molecule Is Polar or Nonpolar? 17 1.5 What Is Resonance? 18 1.6 What Is the Orbital Overlap Model of Covalent Bonding? 21 1.7 What Are Functional Groups? 26 Summary of Key Questions 31 Quick Quiz 32 Problems 34 Real World Problems 37 Looking Ahead 38 Group Learning Activities 39 Chemical Connections 1A Buckyball: A New Form of Carbon 16 2 Acids and Bases 40 2.1 What Are Arrhenius Acids and Bases? 41 2.2 What Are Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases? 42 2.3 How Do We Measure the Strength of an Acid or Base? 44 2.4 How Do We Determine the Position of Equilibrium in an Acid–Base Reaction? 46 2.5 What Are the Relationships between Acidity and Molecular Structure? 48 2.6 What Are Lewis Acids and Bases? 52 Summary of Key Questions 55 Quick Quiz 56 Key Reactions 57 Problems 57 Real World Problems 59 Looking Ahead 59 Group Learning Activities 60 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 61 3.1 What Are Alkanes? 62 3.2 What Is Constitutional Isomerism in Alkanes? 64 3.3 How Do We Name Alkanes? 66 3.4 What Are Cycloalkanes? 71 3.5 How Is the IUPAC System of Nomenclature Applied to Molecules that Contain Functional Groups? 72 3.6 What Are the Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes? 73 3.7 What Is Cis–Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes? 80 3.8 What Are the Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes? 84 3.9 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkanes? 87 3.10 What Are the Sources of Alkanes? 88 Summary of Key Questions 91 Quick Quiz 92 Key Reactions 93 Problems 93 Real World Problems 97 Looking Ahead 98 Group Learning Activities 99 Putting it Together 99 Chemical Connections 3A The Poisonous Puffer Fish 81 3B Octane Rating: What Those Numbers at the Pump Mean 90 4 Alkenes and Alkynes 103 4.1 What Are the Structures and Shapes of Alkenes and Alkynes? 105 4.2 How Do We Name Alkenes and Alkynes? 107 4.3 What Are the Physical Properties of Alkenes and Alkynes? 115 4.4 Why Are 1-Alkynes (Terminal Alkynes) Weak Acids? 116 Summary of Key Questions 117 Quick Quiz 118 Problems 118 Real World Problems 121 Looking Ahead 122 Group Learning Activities 122 Chemical Connections 4A Ethylene, a Plant Growth Regulator 104 4B Cis–Trans Isomerism in Vision 106 4C Why Plants Emit Isoprene 115 5 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes 123 5.1 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes? 123 5.2 What Is a Reaction Mechanism? 124 5.3 What Are the Mechanisms of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes? 130 5.4 What Are Carbocation Rearrangements? 140 5.5 What Is Hydroboration–Oxidation of an Alkene? 143 5.6 How Can an Alkene Be Reduced to an Alkane? 145 5.7 How Can an Acetylide Anion Be Used to Create a New Carbon–Carbon Bond? 148 5.8 How Can Alkynes Be Reduced to Alkenes and Alkanes? 150 Summary of Key Questions 151 Quick Quiz 152 Key Reactions 153 Problems 154 Chemical Transformation 157 Real World Problems 158 Looking Ahead 158 Group Learning Activities 159 Chemical Connections 5A Catalytic Cracking and the Importance of Alkenes 127 6 Chirality: The Handedness of Molecules 160 6.1 What Are Stereoisomers? 161 6.2 What Are Enantiomers? 161 6.3 How Do We Designate the Configuration of a Stereocenter? 166 6.4 What Is the 2n Rule? 168 6.5 How Do We Describe the Chirality of Cyclic Molecules with Two Stereocenters? 172 6.6 How Do We Describe the Chirality of Molecules with Three or More Stereocenters? 174 6.7 What Are the Properties of Stereoisomers? 174 6.8 How Is Chirality Detected in the Laboratory? 175 6.9 What Is the Significance of Chirality in the Biological World? 176 6.10 How Can Enantiomers Be Resolved? 177 Summary of Key Questions 179 Quick Quiz 180 Problems 181 Chemical Transformations 184 Real World Problems 185 Looking Ahead 186 Group Learning Activities 187 Putting it Together 187 Chemical Connections 6A Chiral Drugs 178 7 Haloalkanes 190 7.1 How Are Haloalkanes Named? 191 7.2 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Haloalkanes? 193 7.3 What Are the Products of Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Reactions? 195 7.4 What Are the SN2 and SN1 Mechanisms for Nucleophilic Substitution? 197 7.5 What Determines Whether SN1 or SN2 Predominates? 201 7.6 How Can SN1 and SN2 Be Predicted Based on Experimental Conditions? 206 7.7 What Are the Products of β‐Elimination? 208 7.8 What Are the E1 and E2 Mechanisms for β‐Elimination? 211 7.9 When Do Nucleophilic Substitution and β‐Elimination Compete? 214 Summary of Key Questions 217 Quick Quiz 218 Key Reactions 218 Problems 219 Chemical Transformations 223 Looking Ahead 224 Group Learning Activities 225 Chemical Connections 7A The Environmental Impact of Chlorofluorocarbons 193 7B The Effect of Chlorofluorocarbon Legislation on Asthma Sufferers 216 8 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols 226 8.1 What Are Alcohols? 227 8.2 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alcohols? 232 8.3 What Are Ethers? 245 8.4 What Are Epoxides? 249 8.5 What Are Thiols? 253 8.6 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Thiols? 256 Summary of Key Questions 257 Quick Quiz 258 Key Reactions 259 Problems 260 Chemical Transformations 263 Real World Problems 264 Looking Ahead 264 Group Learning Activities 265 Chemical Connections 8A Nitroglycerin: An Explosive and a Drug 230 8B Blood Alcohol Screening 245 8C Ethylene Oxide: A Chemical Sterilant 253 9 Benzene and Its Derivatives 266 9.1 What Is the Structure of Benzene? 267 9.2 What Is Aromaticity? 270 9.3 How Are Benzene Compounds Named, and What Are Their Physical Properties? 273 9.4 What Is a Benzylic Position, and How Does It Contribute to Benzene Reactivity? 276 9.5 What Is Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 278 9.6 What Is the Mechanism of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 279 9.7 How Do Existing Substituents on Benzene Affect Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 288 9.8 What Are Phenols? 296 Summary of Key Questions 303 Quick Quiz 304 Key Reactions 304 Problems 305 Chemical Transformations 309 Real World Problems 310 Looking Ahead 311 Group Learning Activities 312 Chemical Connections 9A Carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatics and Cancer 277 9B Capsaicin, for Those Who Like It Hot 300 10 Amines 313 10.1 What Are Amines? 313 10.2 How Are Amines Named? 316 10.3 What Are the Characteristic Physical Properties of Amines? 319 10.4 What Are the Acid–Base Properties of Amines? 321 10.5 What Are the Reactions of Amines with Acids? 325 10.6 How Are Arylamines Synthesized? 327 10.7 How Do Amines Act as Nucleophiles? 328 Summary of Key Questions 330 Quick Quiz 331 Key Reactions 331 Problems 332 Chemical Transformations 334 Real World Problems 335 Looking Ahead 337 Group Learning Activities 337 Putting it Together 338 Chemical Connections 10A Morphine as a Clue in the Design and Discovery of Drugs 314 10B The Poison Dart Frogs of South America: Lethal Amines 319 11 Spectroscopy 341 11.1 What Is Electromagnetic Radiation? 342 11.2 What Is Molecular Spectroscopy? 344 11.3 What Is Infrared Spectroscopy? 344 11.4 How Do We Interpret Infrared Spectra? 347 11.5 What Is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance? 358 11.6 What Is Shielding? 360 11.7 What Is a 1H-NMR Spectrum? 360 11.8 How Many Resonance Signals Will a Compound Yield in Its 1H‐NMR Spectrum? 362 11.9 What Is Signal Integration? 365 11.10 What Is Chemical Shift? 366 11.11 What Is Signal Splitting? 368 11.12 What Is 13C‐NMR Spectroscopy, and How Does It Differ from 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy? 371 11.13 How Do We Solve an NMR Problem? 374 Summary of Key Questions 378 Quick Quiz 380 Problems 381 Real World Problems 393 Looking Ahead 394 Group Learning Activities 395 Chemical Connections 11A Infrared Spectroscopy: A Window on Brain Activity 348 11B Infrared Spectroscopy: A Window on Climate Change 354 11C Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 371 12 Aldehydes and Ketones 396 12.1 What Are Aldehydes and Ketones? 397 12.2 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Named? 397 12.3 What Are the Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones? 401 12.4 What Is the Most Common Reaction Theme of Aldehydes and Ketones? 402 12.5 What Are Grignard Reagents, and How Do They React with Aldehydes and Ketones? 402 12.6 What Are Hemiacetals and Acetals? 407 12.7 How Do Aldehydes and Ketones React with Ammonia and Amines? 413 12.8 What Is Keto‐Enol Tautomerism? 417 12.9 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Oxidized? 420 12.10 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Reduced? 423 Summary of Key Questions 425 Quick Quiz 426 Key Reactions 427 Problems 428 Chemical Transformations 431 Spectroscopy 432 Real World Problems 433 Looking Ahead 435 Group Learning Activities 436 Chemical Connections 12A A Green Synthesis of Adipic Acid 422 13 Carboxylic Acids 437 13.1 What Are Carboxylic Acids? 437 13.2 How Are Carboxylic Acids Named? 438 13.3 What Are the Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids? 441 13.4 What Are the Acid–Base Properties of Carboxylic Acids? 442 13.5 How Are Carboxyl Groups Reduced? 446 13.6 What Is Fischer Esterification? 449 13.7 What Are Acid Chlorides? 453 13.8 What Is Decarboxylation? 455 Summary of Key Questions 459 Quick Quiz 459 Key Reactions 460 Problems 461 Chemical Transformations 464 Real World Problems 464 Looking Ahead 467 Group Learning Activities 467 Chemical Connections 13A From Willow Bark to Aspirin and Beyond 446 13B Esters as Flavoring Agents 451 13C Ketone Bodies and Diabetes 456 14 Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids 468 14.1 What Are Some Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids, and How Are They Named? 469 14.2 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives? 474 14.3 What Is Hydrolysis? 475 14.4 How Do Carboxylic Acid Derivatives React with Alcohols? 480 14.5 How Do Carboxylic Acid Derivatives React with Ammonia and Amines? 483 14.6 How Can Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Be Interconverted? 485 14.7 How Do Esters React with Grignard Reagents? 486 14.8 How Are Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Reduced? 488 Summary of Key Questions 492 Quick Quiz 493 Key Reactions 493 Problems 495 Chemical Transformations 498 Real World Problems 498 Looking Ahead 501 Group Learning Activities 501 Putting it Together 501 Chemical Connections 14A Ultraviolet Sunscreens and Sunblocks 470 14B From Moldy Clover to a Blood Thinner 471 14C The Penicillins and Cephalosporins: β‐Lactam Antibiotics 472 14D The Pyrethrins: Natural Insecticides of Plant Origin 482 14E Systematic Acquired Resistance in Plants 485 15 Enolate Anions 504 15.1 What Are Enolate Anions, and How Are They Formed? 505 15.2 What Is the Aldol Reaction? 508 15.3 What Are the Claisen and Dieckmann Condensations? 515 15.4 How Are Aldol Reactions and Claisen Condensations Involved in Biological Processes? 522 15.5 What Is the Michael Reaction? 524 Summary of Key Questions 531 Quick Quiz 531 Key Reactions 532 Problems 533 Chemical Transformations 536 Real World Problems 537 Looking Ahead 540 Group Learning Activities 541 Chemical Connections 15A Drugs That Lower Plasma Levels of Cholesterol 523 15B Antitumor Compounds: The Michael Reaction in Nature 530 16 Organic Polymer Chemistry 542 16.1 What Is the Architecture of Polymers? 543 16.2 How Do We Name and Show the Structure of a Polymer? 543 16.3 What Is Polymer Morphology? Crystalline versus Amorphous Materials 545 16.4 What Is Step‐Growth Polymerization? 546 16.5 What Are Chain‐Growth Polymers? 551 16.6 What Plastics Are Currently Recycled in Large Quantities? 557 Summary of Key Questions 558 Quick Quiz 559 Key Reactions 560 Problems 560 Real World Problem 562 Looking Ahead 562 Group Learning Activities 562 Chemical Connections 16A Stitches That Dissolve 551 16B Paper or Plastic? 553 17 Carbohydrates 563 17.1 What Are Carbohydrates? 563 17.2 What Are Monosaccharides? 564 17.3 What Are the Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides? 568 17.4 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Monosaccharides? 573 17.5 What Are Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides? 577 17.6 What Are Polysaccharides? 581 Summary of Key Questions 583 Quick Quiz 584 Key Reactions 585 Problems 586 Real World Problems 588 Looking Ahead 590 Group Learning Activities 591 Putting it Together 591 Chemical Connections 17A Relative Sweetness of Carbohydrate and Artificial Sweeteners 578 17B A, B, AB, and O Blood‐Group Substances 579 18 Amino Acids and Proteins 595 18.1 What Are the Many Functions of Proteins? 595 18.2 What Are Amino Acids? 596 18.3 What Are the Acid–Base Properties of Amino Acids? 599 18.4 What Are Polypeptides and Proteins? 606 18.5 What Is the Primary Structure of a Polypeptide or Protein? 607 18.6 What Are the Three‐Dimensional Shapes of Polypeptides and Proteins? 611 Summary of Key Questions 618 Quick Quiz 619 Key Reactions 620 Problems 620 Real World Problems 622 Looking Ahead 623 Group Learning Activities 623 Chemical Connections 18A Spider Silk: A Chemical and Engineering Wonder of Nature 616 19 Lipids (Online Chapter) 624 19.1 What Are Triglycerides? 624 19.2 What Are Soaps and Detergents? 628 19.3 What Are Phospholipids? 630 19.4 What Are Steroids? 632 19.5 What Are Prostaglandins? 637 19.6 What Are Fat‐Soluble Vitamins? 640 Summary of Key Questions 643 Quick Quiz 644 Problems 644 Real World Problems 646 Looking Ahead 646 Group Learning Activities 647 Chemical Connections 19A Snake Venom Phospholipases 632 19B Nonsteroidal Estrogen Antagonists 636 20 Nucleic Acids (Online Chapter) 648 20.1 What Are Nucleosides and Nucleotides? 648 20.2 What Is the Structure of DNA? 652 20.3 What Are Ribonucleic Acids (RNA)? 658 20.4 What Is the Genetic Code? 660 20.5 How Is DNA Sequenced? 662 Summary of Key Questions 667 Quick Quiz 668 Problems 669 Real World Problems 671 Group Learning Activities 671 Chemical Connections 20A The Search for Antiviral Drugs 650 20B DNA Fingerprinting 666 21 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolism (Online Chapter) 672 21.1 What Are the Key Participants in Glycolysis, the β‐Oxidation of Fatty Acids, and the Citric Acid Cycle? 673 21.2 What Is Glycolysis? 678 21.3 What Are the Ten Reactions of Glycolysis? 678 21.4 What Are the Fates of Pyruvate? 683 21.5 What Are the Reactions of the β‐Oxidation of Fatty Acids? 685 21.6 What Are the Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle? 689 Summary of Key Questions 692 Quick Quiz 693 Key Reactions 693 Problems 694 Real World Problems 695 Group Learning Activities 696 Appendix 1 Acid Ionization Constants for the Major Classes of Organic Acids A.1 Characteristic 1H‐NMR Chemical Shifts A.1 Appendix 2 Characteristic 13C‐NMR Chemical Shifts A.2 Characteristic Infrared Absorption Frequencies A.2 Glossary G.1 Answers Section Ans.1 Index I.1

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Book Synopsis** GUARDIAN SCIENCE BOOK OF THE YEAR 2017 **‘Popular science at its best’Mail on Sunday‘Eminently accessible and enjoyable’ObserverWith every breath, you literally inhale the history of the world. On the ides of March, 44 BC, Julius Caesar died of stab wounds in the Roman Senate, but the story of his last breath is still unfolding. In fact, you're probably inhaling some of it now. Of the sextillions of molecules entering or leaving your lungs at this moment, some might also bear traces of Cleopatra's perfumes, German mustard gas, particles exhaled by dinosaurs or emitted by atomic bombs, even remnants of stardust from the universe's creation. In Caesar’s Last Breath, New York Times bestselling author Sam Kean takes us on a journey through the periodic table, around the globe and across time to tell the epic story of the air we breathe.Trade ReviewAbsorbing, entertaining... provocative but compelling... eminently accessible and enjoyable. A real gas - in short! -- Robin McKie * Observer *Funny, clever and altogether effervescent... Kean writes superbly about science itself... A joy for any reader -- James McConnachie * The Sunday Times *There is no denying the pleasure and indeed the wealth of scientific information to be obtained from reading Caesar’s Last Breath. It will change forever the way I think about breathing. * Financial Times *Kean is the teacher you wish you'd had: genial, companionable and infectiously enthusiastic. This is an entertaining and accessible guide to the mysterious vapour of gases. Popular science at its best. -- Simon Humphreys * Mail on Sunday *It’s a helluva read. And it’s a gas. -- Tim Radford * The Guardian *An altogether excellent read, an invigorating and stylish mixture of chemistry, history and reportage that brings to light many of the untold stories of the air that surrounds and sustains us * Times Literary Supplement *This vibrant, fact-filled science book makes the chemistry of air riveting * Sunday Times Must Reads *Told with Kean’s trademark combination of goofy wisecracking and an exceptional knack for communicating the principles of science * Wall Street Journal *Fascinating stories, so insightful, informative, and disarmingly written. It gave this astronaut a new respect for the air around us all, and made me delightfully more aware of each breath I take. -- Col. Chris Hadfield, author of An Astronaut's Guide to Life on EarthBrims with such fascinating tales of chemical history that it'll change the very way you think about breathing.... Kean crams the book full of wild yarns told with humorously dramatic flair.... The effect is oddly intimate, the way all good storytelling is -- you feel like you're sharing moments of geeky amusement with a particularly hip chemistry teacher * San Francisco Chronicle *The most fun to be had from nonfiction is a good science book, with a writer of craft who can capture both the excitement and the elegance of science, the incredible fact that this is really how it works. Sam Kean is such a writer and Caesar's Last Breath is such a book. An enormous pleasure to read. -- Mark Kurlansky, author of CodSam Kean has done it again - this time clearly and entertainingly explaining the science of the air around us. He is a gifted storyteller with a knack for finding the magic hidden in the everyday. -- Daniel H. Pink, author of Drive

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Book SynopsisOrganic chemistry plays a vital role in the pharmaceutical industry. Knowledge of organic compounds is used to inform research and further the discovery and development of new medicines. Likewise, organic chemistry is fundamental to understanding biological reactions, mechanisms and all life sciences in general. Basic Chemistry for Life Science Students and Professionals is an ideal introduction to organic chemistry in the context of the life sciences and pharmacy related disciplines; utilising drug molecules to illustrate the chemical basis of their efficacy and interaction with biological targets. This book builds upon the basic concepts of organic chemistry to develop the reader’s understanding of the importance of organic chemistry to the life sciences from natural product sources, their synthesis, and approaches to drug discovery. Ideal for undergraduate students in the natural sciences, this book is also an excellent primer for postgraduates in a variety of disciplines including forensic science and allied-health programmes as well as professionals working in related fields seeking a comprehensive introduction to organic chemistry in the context of pharmaceuticals.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Organic Compounds and Covalent Bonding; Polarity of Bonds, Electronegativity, and Intermolecular Forces; Types of Organic Compounds, Nomenclature, and Basic Reactions: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Types of Organic Compounds, Nomenclature, and Basic Reactions: Alkenes, Cycloalkenes and Other Unsaturated Hydrocarbons; 5 Types of Organic Compounds, Nomenclature, and Basic Reactions: Functional Groups; Isomerism in Organic Compounds and Drug Molecules: Chemistry and Significance in Biology; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Amino Acids to Proteins; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Monosaccharides to Complex Carbohydrates; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Fatty Acids to Complex Lipids and Fat; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Nucleotides to Nucleic Acids; Physicochemical Properties of Organic Compounds and Drug Molecules; Drug-Target Interactions; Structural Diversity and Sources of Drugs: From Nature to Synthetic and Recombinant DNA Technology

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Book SynopsisThis Second Edition is the premier name resource in the field. It provides a handy resource for navigating the web of named reactions and reagents. Reactions and reagents are listed alphabetically, followed by relevant mechanisms, experimental data (including yields where available), and references to the primary literature.Trade Review"The number and range of reactions covered makes the book a valuable resource for readers ranging from beginning graduate students to professionals wrestling with real problems." (Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals, Volume 457, 2006) "The breath of coverage extends well beyond the confines of a typical undergraduate-beginning graduate organic chemistry course...a launching point to a vast array of named chemical reactions." (Journal of Chemical Education, December 2005) "Users of this well-known collection of organic name reactions will appreciate this updated edition...this comprehensive book contains a wealth of information...highly recommended." (CHOICE, November 2005) "...compiles and organizes the most significant organic synthesis advances to date...belongs in all academic and research environments engaged in organic chemistry." (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, September 22, 2005) “…excellent value for the money…will play a significant role as a reference work in the academic and professional realm.” (Organische Chemie, 6th September 2005) "…a homerun in the now competitive arena of named reactions texts." (Journal of Natural Products, August 2005) "I found the volume extremely useful and recommend it without reservation to all organic chemists, particularly those whose work includes synthesis design." (Synthesis, April 2006)Table of ContentsAcronyms and Abbreviations. Named Reactions. Named Reagents and Acronyms. Index.

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Book SynopsisProtecting Group Chemistry provides an overview of methods that allow specific sites within an organic molecule to be manipulated without affecting other sites. The book emphasises the link between the mechanisms of organic chemistry and the choice of specific protecting groups that block chemical reactivity at those sites that must remain unaffected.Trade Review"This book is another cracker from the Oxford Chemistry Primers stable that again succeeds by breaking the mould of existing books in the area". Education in Chemistry, January 2003.Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Acid-labile protecting groups ; 3. Nucleophile/base-labile protecting groups ; 4. Redox deprotection

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Book SynopsisWinner of the PROSE Award for Chemistry & Physics 2010 Acknowledging the very best in professional and scholarlypublishing, the annual PROSE Awards recognise publishers' andauthors' commitment to pioneering works of research and forcontributing to the conception, production, and design of landmarkworks in their fields.Table of ContentsPreface 1. Molecular Orbital Theory 1.1 The Atomic Orbitals of a Hydrogen Atom 1.2 Molecules Made from Hydrogen Atoms 1.3 C—H and C—C Bonds 1.4 Conjugation—Hückel Theory 1.5 Aromaticity 1.6 Strained s Bonds—Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes 1.7 Heteronuclear Bonds, C—M, C—X and C=O 1.8 The Tau Bond Model 1.9 Spectroscopic Methods 2. Molecular Orbitals and the Structures of Organic Molecules 2.1 The Effects of p-Conjugation 2.2 Hyperconjugation—p-Conjugation 2.3 The Configurations and Conformations of Molecules 2.4 The Effect of Conjugation on Electron Distribution 2.5 Other Non-covalent Interactions 3 Chemical Reactions—How Far and How Fast 3.1 Factors Affecting the Position of an Equilibrium 3.2 The Principle of Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) 3.3 Transition Structures 3.4 The Perturbation Theory of Reactivity 3.5 The Salem-Klopman Equation 3.6 Hard and Soft Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 3.7 Other Factors Affecting Chemical Reactivity 4 Ionic Reactions—Reactivity 4.1 Single Electron Transfer (SET) in Ionic Reactions 4.2 Nucleophilicity 4.3 Ambident Nucleophiles 4.4 Electrophilicity 4.5 Ambident Electrophiles 4.6 Carbenes 5 Ionic Reactions—Stereochemistry 5.1 The Stereochemistry of the Fundamental Organic Reactions 5.2 Diastereoselectivity 6 Pericyclic Reactions 6.1 The Four Classes of Pericyclic Reactions 6.2 Evidence for the Concertedness of Bond Making and Breaking 6.3 Symmetry-allowed and Symmetry-forbidden Reactions 6.4 Explanations for the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules 6.5 Secondary Effects 7 Radical Reactions 7.1 Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Radicals 7.2 The Abstraction of Hydrogen and Halogen Atoms 7.3 The Addition of Radicals to p-Bonds 7.4 Synthetic Applications of the Chemoselectivity of Radicals 7.5 Stereochemistry in some Radical Reactions 7.6 Ambident Radicals 7.7 Radical Coupling 8 Photochemical Reactions 8.1 Photochemical Reactions in General 8.2 Photochemical Ionic Reactions 8.3 Photochemical Pericyclic Reactions and Related Stepwise Reactions 8.4 Photochemically-Induced Radical Reactions 8.5 Chemiluminescence References Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents PART ONE: An Introduction to the Study of Organic Chemistry 1. Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding 2. Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry TUTORIAL: Acids and Bases 3. An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure PART TWO: Electrophilic Addition Reactions, Stereochemistry, and Electron Delocalization TUTORIAL: Using Molecular Models 4. Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space TUTORIAL: Interconverting Structural Representations 5. Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows 6. The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions 7. The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis 8. Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction the Reactions of Benzene TUTORIAL: Drawing Resonance Contributors PART THREE: Substitution and Elimination Reactions 9. Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides 10. Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds 11. Organometallic Compounds 12. Radicals TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows in Radical Systems PART FOUR: Identification of Organic Compounds 13. Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; and UV/Vis Spectroscopy 14. NMR Spectroscopy PART FIVE: Carbonyl Compounds 15. Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 16. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 17. Reactions at the α-Carbon TUTORIAL: Synthesis and Retrosynthetic Analysis PART SIX: Aromatic Compounds 18. Reactions of Benzene And Substituted Benzenes 19. More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds PART SEVEN: Bioorganic Compounds 20. The Organic Chemistry Of Carbohydrates 21. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 22. Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions 23. The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, Compounds Derived from Vitamins 24. The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways 25. The Organic Chemistry of Lipids 26. The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids PART EIGHT: Special Topics in Organic Chemistry 27. Synthetic Polymers 28. Pericyclic Reactions Appendix I – pKa Values Appendix II – Kinetics Appendix III – Summary of Methods Used to Synthesize a Particular Functional Group Appendix IV – Summary of Methods Employed to Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds Appendix V – Spectroscopy Tables Appendix VI – Physical Properties of Organic Compounds Appendix VII – Answers to Selected Problems

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Book SynopsisWorkbook for Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control Paul Wyatt Senior Lecturer and Director of Undergraduate Studies, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK Stuart Warren Reader in Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, UK. Workbook for Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control This workbook provides a comprehensive graded set of problems to illustrate and develop the themes of each of the chapters in the textbook Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control. Each problem is followed by a fully explained solution and discussion. The examples extend the student's experience of the types of molecules being synthesised by organic chemists, and the strategies they employ to control their syntheses. By working through these examples students will develop their skills in analysing synthetic challenges, and build a toolkit of strategies for planning new syntheses. Together the workbook and textbook provide a complete course in advanced organic synthesis. Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control is a sequel to Stuart Warren's bestseller Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach. The 'Disconnection' book concentrated on the planning behind the synthesis of compounds. This book focuses on putting the planning into practice. The two themes of the book are strategy and control: solving problems either by finding an alternative strategy or by controlling any established strategy to make it work. The book is divided into five sections that deal with selectivity, carbon-carbon single bonds, carbon-carbon double bonds, stereochemistry and functional group strategy. Interpenetrating this structure, the 36 chapters start with classic methods and progress to modern methods and modern strategic considerations. Heterocyclic chemistry is treated throughout the book with full mechanistic explanations as part of organic chemistry rather than a separate entity. Students and professional chemists familiar with Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach will enjoy the leap into a book designed for chemists at the coalface of organic synthesis.Trade Review?This is a must-read for any final year undergrad or PhD? student in organic chemistry, but it's more than that?it's a book for experienced chemists too.? (Reviews, May 2009)Table of ContentsPreface vii A: Introduction: Selectivity 1 1. Planning Organic Syntheses: Tactics, Strategy and Control 3 2. Chemoselectivity 7 3. Regioselectivity: Controlled Aldol Reactions 19 4. Stereoselectivity: Stereoselective Aldol Reactions 35 5. Alternative Strategies for Enone Synthesis 47 6. Choosing a Strategy: The Synthesis of Cyclopentenones 57 B: Making Carbon–Carbon Bonds 69 7. The Ortho Strategy for Aromatic Compounds 71 8. σ-Complexes of Metals 91 9. Controlling the Michael Reaction 103 10. Specific Enol Equivalents 115 11. Extended Enolates 123 12. Allyl Anions 135 13. Homoenolates 147 14. Acyl Anion Equivalents 155 C: Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds 169 15. Synthesis of Double Bonds of Defined Stereochemistry 171 16. Vinyl Anions 191 17. Electrophilic Attack on Alkenes 203 18. Vinyl Cations 221 19. Allyl Alcohols: Allyl Cation Equivalents (and More) 241 D: Stereochemistry 257 20. Control of Stereochemistry–Introduction 259 21. Diastereoselectivity 269 22. Resolution 283 23. The Chiral Pool: Asymmetric Synthesis with Natural Products as Starting Materials 295 24. Asymmetric Induction I: Reagent-Based Strategy 309 25. Asymmetric Induction II: Asymmetric Catalysis: Formation of C–O and C–N Bonds 321 26. Asymmetric Induction III: Asymmetric Catalysis: Formation of C–H and C–C Bonds 335 27. Asymmetric Induction IV: Substrate-Based Strategy 351 28. Kinetic Resolution 365 29. Enzymes: Biological Methods in Asymmetric Synthesis 377 30. New Chiral Centres from Old: Enantiomerically Pure Compounds and Sophisticated Syntheses 391 31. Strategy of Asymmetric Synthesis 405 E: Functional Group Strategy 417 32. Functionalisation of Pyridine 419 33. Oxidation of Aromatic Rings and of Enol(ate)s 433 34. Functionality and Pericyclic Reactions: Nitrogen Heterocycles by Cycloadditions and Sigmatropic Rearrangements 447 35. Synthesis and Chemistry of Azoles and other Heterocycles with Two or more Heteroatoms 459 36. Tandem Organic Reactions 473 Index 483

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Book SynopsisThe name "Allium" is said to come from the Greek word to avoid because of its offensive smell. The genus Allium includes more than 800 species of which only a few have been cultivated as foods. Many of the other members of this genus are popular with gardeners as easy to maintain perennials, although the smell of some members of the genus can be off-putting. The smell is a consequence of breakdown of sulfur-containing compounds which is a characteristic of this family of plants. Garlic, onions, leeks, chives and other members of the genus Allium occupy a unique position both as edible plants and herbal medicines, appreciated since the dawn of civilization. Alliums have been featured through the ages in literature, where they are both praised and reviled, as well as in architecture and the decorative arts. Garlic pills are top-selling herbal supplements while garlic-based products show considerable promise as environmentally friendly pesticides. The remarkable properties of the alliums can be understood based on the occurrence of a number of relatively simple sulfur-containing chemical compounds ingeniously packaged by nature in these plants. This unique book, with a foreword by 1990 Nobel Laureate E.J. Corey, outlines the extensive history and the fascinating past and present uses of these plants, sorting out fact from fiction based upon detailed scrutiny of historic documents as well as numerous laboratories studies. Readers will be entertained and educated as they learn about early cultivation of garlic and other alliums while being introduced to the chemistry and biochemistry. They will learn how alliums have been portrayed and used in literature, poetry, the arts and how alliums are featured in the world's oldest cookbook. Technical material is presented in a manner understandable to a general audience, particularly through the use of illustrations to simplify more difficult concepts and explain how experimental work is conducted. The book is heavily illustrated with examples of alliums in art, literature, agriculture, medicine and other areas and includes rare botanical drawings of many members of the genus Allium. Essential reading for anyone with a general interest in science, the book is written at a level accessible to experts and non-experts alike. It has sufficient additional detail and references to satisfy both those wanting to know more, as well as researchers in disciplines as diverse as archaeology, medicine, ecology, pharmacology, food and plant sciences, agriculture, and organic chemistry.Trade ReviewThis book brings to mind the poet Horace's formula for successful writing: He wins every hand who mingles profit with pleasure, by delighting and instructing the reader at the same time. Eric Block has certainly mixed the useful and the sweet in his book.I started BlockÆs book as a reviewer and became an admirer. A book that contributes so richly to my teaching and understanding of chemistry is a rare pleasure. -- Stephen R Pruett * ASAPDOI: 10.1021/ed2001889Publication Date (Web): April 18, 2011 *Block writes well and passionately...gives a very balanced assessment of the claims and evidence for the health benefits of eating or taking allium supplements, primarily garlic.The book is well written and illustrated: a particular bonus is the inclusion of 27 coloured botanical prints from a volume of Flora Germanica. It will probably be of most interest to students and researchers familiar with plant biochemistry, but there is also something for those curious about this group of plants that play a prominent role in cooking, culture and chemistry. -- Ian J McEwan * Biochemist e-volution *'Both entertaining, and at the same time a challenging read, there is a lot of valuable information in this book.My hat is off to Eric for the amazing contribution to the world's collection of allium science.' -- Bob Dunkel * The Garlic Press *'Block presents an entertaining and informative account of the history of garlic, onions, and other alliums. This ethnobotanic work is truly interdisciplinary, intended for a wide audience of historians, sociologists, chemists, cooks, botanists, and naturalists.Summing Up: Highly recommended. Academic, professional, and general libraries, all levels.' -- L Swatzell, Southeast Missouri State University * Choice, v 47, No 10 *'...well organized, and presents something for everyone. It should be said right away that this is far from a typical ôchemistryö book due to both the varied content and the style of presentation....it all works rather well together; it is a fine example of how complex chemistry can be contextualized in a fascinating and often entertaining way.' -- Derek A Pratt * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 2 *'There is some fascinating chemistry told here. Both the chemistry itself and the story of its revelation are given in detail.Within the book there are some fascinating anecdotes - a town in America where it is illegal to attend a theatre after eating raw onions, the resigned reflection that despite its benefits 'garlic mouthwash is unlikely to be a winning consumer product' and the warning that garlic in your socks will come out on your breath. Now there's an experiment any of us can try.' -- David Quick * Education in Chemistry *'...enjoyment of this book should not be limited to scientists. The book is a virtual encyclopedia of garlic and onion facts, and while it may make a necessary addition to the food chemistÆs library, it is something that any foodie, especially a garlic lover, can enjoy.' -- Thomas J Mansell * Food and Foodways, 18: 3, 170-172 *This is a fascinating book written by an authority on the chemistry of the edible alliums, which include garlic, onions, leeks and chives. The book is well written and up-to-date. I can thoroughly recommend this book not just to natural product chemists but also to all those who have grown these plants in the garden or enjoyed eating them. It contains many anecdotes and quotations to enliven a chemist's dinner party. -- Jim Hanson * Chemistry World *What do garlic and onions have in common with gunpowder? A lot. TheyÆre incendiary. They can do harm and they delight. Sulfur is central to their powers. And they helped inspire the work of a chemist who has just published a welcome treatise on the smelly yet indispensable allium family. Dr. BlockÆs book may be the definitive word on the alliums for the moment, but as it and he make clear, there are new flavors to look forward t. -- Harold McGee * The New York Times *This book by Eric Block is a synthesis of his four decades of distinguished work with alliums.His account of this ever-increasing knowledge is accessible and will even entertain readers without a deep knowledge of chemistry.Block may look at the world through garlic-tinged lenses, but in this book he is very good at getting readers to see it his way -- Meriel Jones * Chemistry and Industry *Table of Contents1. Allium Botany and Cultivation, Ancient and Modern; 2. All Things Allium: Alliums in Literature, the Arts and Culture; 3. Allium Chemistry 101: Historical Highlights, Fascinating Facts and Unusual Uses for Alliums; 4. Chemistry in a Salad Bowl: Allium Chemistry and Biochemistry; 5. Alliums in Folk and Complementary Medicine; 6. Alliums in the Environment: Allelopathy and Allium-Derived Attractants, Antibiotics, Herbicides, Pesticides and Repellents

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Book SynopsisAlkylation of Enolates and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Compounds.- Functional Group Interconversion by Substitution, Including Protection and Deprotection.- Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.- Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds, Carbonyl Groups, and Other Functional Groups.- Concerted Cycloadditions, Unimolecular Rearrangements, and Thermal Eliminations.- Organometallic Compounds of Group I and II Metals.- Reactions Involving Transition Metals.- Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Compounds of Boron, Silicon, and Tin.- Reactions Involving Carbocations, Carbenes, and Radicals as Reactive Intermediates.- Aromatic Substitution Reactions.- Oxidations.- Multistep Syntheses.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the fifth edition: "Advanced Organic Chemistry … the well-known textbook for graduate students – has now appeared in a 5th edition. … Carey & Sundberg will be interesting to all students who seek a detailed understanding of organic chemistry, and who wish to refresh and embellish their existing knowledge. On the strength of the scope and quality of the explanations, this pair of texts is recommended for use as the resource of first resort for specific research questions in one’s later career." (www.organische-chemie.ch, January, 2008)Table of ContentsAlkylation of Enolates and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Compounds.- Functional Group Interconversion by Substitution, Including Protection and Deprotection.- Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.- Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds, Carbonyl Groups, and Other Functional Groups.- Concerted Cycloadditions, Unimolecular Rearrangements, and Thermal Eliminations.- Organometallic Compounds of Group I and II Metals.- Reactions Involving Transition Metals.- Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Compounds of Boron, Silicon, and Tin.- Reactions Involving Carbocations, Carbenes, and Radicals as Reactive Intermediates.- Aromatic Substitution Reactions.- Oxidations.- Multistep Syntheses.

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Book SynopsisA textbook on mechanistic organic chemistry.Table of Contents Structure, Reactivity, and Mechanism. Energetics, Kinetics, and the Investigation of Mechanism. The Strengths of Acids and Bases. Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom. Carbocations, Electron-Deficient N and O Atoms and their Reactions. Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Substitution in Aromatic Systems. Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Addition to C=C. Nucleophilic Addition to C=O. Elimination Reactions. Carbanions and Their Reactions. Radicals and Their Reactions. Symmetry Controlled Reactions. Linear Free Energy Relationships. Select Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisDesigned for teaching, this English translation of the tried and tested Organometallic Chemistry 2/e textbook from the Japan Society of Coordination Chemistry can be used as an introductory text for chemistry undergraduates and also provide a bridge to more advanced courses. The book is split into two parts, the first acts as a concise introduction to the field, explaining fundamental organometallic chemistry. The latter covers cutting edge theories and applications, suitable for further study. Beginning with fundamental reaction patterns concerning bonds between transition metals and carbon atoms, the authors show how these may be combined to achieve a desired reaction and/or construct a catalytic cycle. To understand the basics and make effective use of the knowledge, numerous practice questions and model answers to encourage the reader’s deeper understanding are included. The advanced section covers the chemistry relating to bonds between transition metals and main group elements, such as Si, N, P, O and S, is described. This chemistry has some similarities to transition metal-carbon chemistry, but also many differences and unique aspects, which the book explains clearly. Organometallic complexes are now well known and widely used. In addition, transition metal complexes with main group element other than carbon as a ligating atom are becoming more important. It is thus important to have a bird’s-eye view of transition metal complexes, regardless of the ligand type. This book acts as solid introduction for chemistry students and newcomers in various fields who need to deal with transition metal complexes.Table of ContentsWhat is Organometallic Chemistry; Basic Concepts Relating to Organometallic Complexes; Bonds in Organometallic Complexes; Carbonyl, Olefin and Phosphine Complexes; Carbene Complexes — Complexes with MQC Double Bonds; Basic Reactions of Organometallic Complexes; Catalysis by Organometallic Complexes; Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Group 14 Elements: Transition Metal Complexes with Silicon, a Heavier Carbon Group Element; Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Group 13 Elements: Transition Metal Complexes with Lewis Acidic Ligands; Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Group 15 Elements: Transition Metal Complexes with One Lone Pair of Electrons on the Coordinating Atom; Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes with Group 16 Elements: Transition Metal Complexes with Two Lone Pairs of Electrons on the Coordinating Atom; Nobel Prizes Relating to Organometallic Chemistry; Problem Solutions

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents 1. Chemistry in Our Lives 2. Chemistry and Measurements 3. Matter and Energy 4. Atoms and Elements 5. Nuclear Chemistry 6. Ionic and Molecular Compounds 7. Chemical Reactions and Quantities 8. Gases 9. Solutions 10. Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium 11. Acids and Bases 12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons 13. Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers 14. Aldehydes and Ketones 15. Carbohydrates 16. Carboxylic Acids and Esters 17. Lipids 18. Amines and Amides 19. Amino Acids and Proteins 20. Enzymes and Vitamins 21. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 22. Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 23. Metabolism and Energy Production 24. Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

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Book SynopsisThis book is a well-established guide to the interpretation of the mass, ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of organic compounds. It is designed for students of organic chemistry taking a course in the application of these techniques to structure determination. The text also remains useful as a source of data for organic chemists to keep on their desks throughout their career. In the seventh edition, substantial portions of the text have been revised reflecting knowledge gained during the author's teaching experience over the last seven years. The chapter on NMR has been divided into two separate chapters covering the 1D and 2D experiments. The discussion is also expanded to include accounts of the physics at a relatively simple level, following the development of the magnetization vectors as each pulse sequence is introduced. The emphasis on the uses of NMR spectroscopy in structure determination is retained. Worked examples and problem sets are included on a chapter level to allow students to practise their skills by determining the chemical structures of unknown compounds.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Mass spectra 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Ion production 1.2.1 Electron impact (EI) 1.2.2 Chemical Ionisation (CI) 1.2.3 Electrospray ionisation (ESI) 1.2.4 Fast ion bombardment (FIB or LSIMS) 1.2.5 Laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) 1.3 Ion analysis 1.3.1 Magnetic analysers 1.3.2 Time-of–flight (TOF) analysers 1.3.3 Quadrupole analysers 1.3.4 Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) analysers 1.3.5 Ion-trap analysers 1.4 Structural information from EI mass spectra 1.4.1 The features of an EI spectrum 1.4.2 The molecular ion 1.4.3 Isotopic abundances 1.4.4 Identifying the molecular ion 1.4.5 Fragmentation in EI spectra 1.5 Fragmentation in CI and FIB spectra 1.5.1 Fragmentation in CI spectra 1.5.2 Fragmentation in FIB (LSMIS) spectra 1.6 Some examples of mass spectrometry in action 1.6.1 San Joaquin oil 1.6.2 Oleic acid 1.6.3 The oviposition pheromone 1.6.4 Identifying antibodies 1.6.5 The ESI spectra of melittin and the human parathyroid hormone 1.6.6 ESI-FT-ICR and ESI-FT-Orbitrap spectra 1.7 Separation coupled to mass spectrometry 1.7.1 GC/MS and LC/MS 1.7.2 MS/MS 1.8 Interpreting the spectrum of an unknown 1.9 Internet 1.10 Bibliography 1.11 Problems 1.12 Tables of data Chapter 2: Ultraviolet and visible spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Chromophores 2.3 The absorption laws 2.4 Measurement of the spectrum 2.5 Vibrational fine structure 2.6 Selection rules and intensity 2.7 Solvent effects 2.8 Searching for a chromophore 2.9 Definitions 2.10 Conjugated dienes 2.11 Polyenes and poly-ynes 2.12 Ketones and aldehydes; p®p* transitions 2.13 Ketones and aldehydes; n®p* transitions 2.14 a,b-Unsaturated acids, esters, nitriles and amides 2.15 Aromatic compounds 2.16 Quinones 2.17 Corroles, chlorins and porphyrins 2.18 Non-conjugated interacting chromophores 2.19 The effect of steric hindrance to coplanarity 2.20 Internet 2.21 Bibliography 2.22 Problems Chapter 3: Infrared spectra 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Preparation of samples and examination in an infrared spectrometer 3.3 Selection rules 3.4 The infrared spectrum 3.5 The use of the tables of characteristic group frequencies 3.6 Stretching frequencies of single bonds to hydrogen 3.7 Stretching frequencies of triple and cumulated double bonds 3.8 Stretching frequencies in the double-bond region 3.9 Characteristic vibrations of aromatic rings 3.10 Groups absorbing in the fingerprint region 3.11 Raman spectra 3.12 Internet 3.13 Bibliography 3.14 Problems 3.15 Correlation charts 3.16 Tables of data Chapter 4: 1D-NMR spectra 4.1 Nuclear spin and resonance 4.2 Taking a spectrum 4.3 The chemical shift 4.4 Factors affecting the chemical shift 4.4.1 The inductive effect 4.4.2 Anisotropy of chemical bonds 4.4.3 Polar effects of conjugation 4.4.4 Van der Waals forces 4.4.5 Isotope effects 4.4.6 Estimating a chemical shift 4.4.7 Hydrogen bonds 4.4.8 Solvent effects and temperature 4.5 Spin-spin coupling to 13C 4.5.1 13C-2H Coupling 4.5.2 13C-1H Coupling 4.5.3 13C-13C Coupling 4.6 1H-1H Coupling—multiplicity and coupling patterns 4.6.1 1H-1H Vicinal coupling (3JHH) 4.6.2 AB systems 4.6.3 1H-1H Geminal coupling (2JHH) 4.6.4 1H-1H Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH) 4.6.5 Deviations from first-order coupling 4.7 1H-1H Coupling—the magnitude of coupling constants 4.7.1 The sign of coupling constants 4.7.2 Vicinal coupling (3JHH) 4.7.3 Geminal coupling (2JHH) 4.7.4 Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH) 4.7.5 C–H coupling (1JCH, 2JCH and 3JCH) 4.8 Coupling from 1H and 13C to 19F and 31P 4.8.1 13C NMR spectra of compounds containing 19F and 31P 4.8.2 1H NMR spectra of compounds containing 19F and 31P 4.9 Relaxation and its consequences 4.9.1 Longitudinal relaxation 4.9.2 Transverse relaxation and exchange 4.10 Improving the NMR spectrum 4.10.1 The effect of changing the magnetic field 4.10.2 Solvent effects 4.10.3 Shift reagents 4.11 Spin decoupling 4.11.1 Simple spin decoupling 4.11.2 Difference decoupling 4.12 Identifying spin systems—1D-TOCSY 4.13 The nuclear Overhauser effect 4.13.1 Origins 4.13.2 NOE-Difference spectra 4.14 The rotating frame of reference 4.15 Assignment of CH3, CH2, CH and fully substituted carbons in 13C NMR 4.15.1 The Attached Proton Test (APT) 4.15.2 DEPT 4.16 Hints for structure determination using 1D-NMR 4.16.1 Carbon spectra 4.16.2 Proton spectra 4.17 Further information 4.17.1 The internet 4.17.2 Bibliography 4.18 Tables of data Chapter 5: 2D-NMR spectra 5.1 The basic pulse sequence 5.2 COSY 5.2.1 Cross peaks from scalar coupling 5.2.2 Polarisation transfer 5.2.3 The origin of cross peaks 5.2.4 Displaying COSY spectra 5.2.5 Interpreting COSY spectra 5.2.6 Axial peaks 5.2.7 Gradient pulses 5.2.8 DQF-COSY 5.2.9 Phase structure in COSY spectra 5.3 2D-TOCSY 5.4 NOESY 5.5 Cross-correlated 2D spectra identifying 1-bond connections 5.5.1 Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) spectra 5.5.2 Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) spectra 5.5.3 Examples of HSQC spectra 5.5.4 Non-uniform sampling (NUS) 5.5.5 Cross-peak detail—determining the sign of coupling constants 5.5.6 CLIP-HSQC 5.5.7 Deconvoluting a 1H spectrum using the HSQC spectrum 5.5.8 HSQC-TOCSY 5.5.9 HETCOR 5.6 Cross-correlated 2D spectra identifying 2- and 3-bond connections 5.6.1 The HMBC pulse sequence 5.6.2 HMBC spectra 5.7 Some specialised NMR techniques 5.7.1 ADEQUATE—identifying 13C-13C connections 5.7.2 INADEQUATE—identifying 13C-13C connections 5.7.3 HSQC-HECADE—measuring the sign and magnitude of 13C-1H coupling constants 5.8 Three- and four-dimensional NMR 5.9 Hints for structure determination using 2D-NMR 5.10 Bibliography 5.11 Table of information Chapter 6: Worked examples in structure determination 6.1 General approach 6.2 Simple worked examples using 13C NMR alone 6.3 Simple worked examples using 1H NMR alone 6.4 Simple worked examples using the combined application of MS, UV, IR and 1D-NMR spectroscopic methods 6.5 Simple worked examples using the combined application of MS, UV, IR and 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods Chapter 7: Problem sets 7.1 Chemical shift problems 7.2 1D-NMR chemical shift and coupling problems 7.3 Problems using all the spectroscopic methods Answers to problems 1-34 Index

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Book SynopsisCHEMISTRY STUDENT GUIDES. GUIDED BY STUDENTS Why did the drug thalidomide cause birth defects? What is the chemical difference between sucrose and lactose in your food? Stereochemistry holds the answer and is essential to the understanding of the chemistry of life. Stereochemistry is an important concept that often causes confusion amongst students when they learn it for the first time. Unlike most other areas of chemistry, it requires the chemist to visualise molecules in 3D, which can be difficult. In this book we deal with tricky concepts like conformation and configuration, how to represent them accurately and how to use the correct terms to describe them in both organic and inorganic chemistry. We involved students in the writing process to ensure we deal with areas that you find difficult, in an understandable language. With problems designed to focus on common errors and misconceptions, real life examples, and practical hands-on exercises coupled with visualisation tips, our intention is to give you the tools to become confident in stererochemistry. Complementing mainstream organic textbooks, or self-study, this book is for anyone who has struggled with describing alkenes as E or Z, assigning R and S absolute configurations, drawing Newman projections or chair representations of cyclohexanes, axial chirality, understanding the stereochemistry of octahedral metal complexes and indeed explaining complexities observed in NMR spectra. Chemistry Student Guides are written with current students involved at every stage, guiding the books towards the most challenging aspects of the topic. Student co-authors for Introduction to Stereochemistry are Caroline Akamune, Michael Lloyd and Matthew Taylor.Trade ReviewThe precise arrangement of atoms in 3-dimensional space – stereochemistry – is a fundamental, overarching concept in chemistry. It impinges on our very existence because all the molecules of life (proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids) possess stereochemical features. However, students often struggle to understand stereochemistry, and find the terminology confusing. This book addresses such issues head on, and teaches the core concepts of stereochemistry in a logical and extremely clear manner. It familiarises students with the language and structural basis of stereochemistry, and, importantly, gives them confidence to draw accurate representations. The involvement of student co-authors is an added bonus since it ensures that the explanation of difficult concepts is clear, and adequately addresses topics that they find more challenging. -- Professor Christopher MoodyTable of ContentsStereochemistry; Alkenes; Stereogenic Centres, Enantiomers and Diastereoisomers; Conformation of Acyclic Compounds; Conformation of cyclic compounds; Chiral Molecules without a Stereogenic Atom; Stereochemistry of inorganic molecules

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Book SynopsisAuthored by leading experts in the enzymology of natural product biosynthesis, this completely revised and updated edition provides a description of the types of natural products, the biosynthetic pathways that enable the production of these molecules, and an update on the discovery of novel products in the post-genomic era. Although some 500 000 – 600 000 natural products have been isolated and characterized over the past two centuries, there may be a 10-fold greater inventory awaiting immediate exploration based on biosynthetic gene cluster predictions. The approach of this book is to codify the chemical logic that underlies each natural product structural class as they are assembled from building blocks of primary metabolism. This second edition integrates many new findings into the sets of principles of the first edition that parsed categories of natural product chemistries into the underlying enzymatic mechanisms and the catalytic machinery for building the varied and complex end product metabolites. New chapters include evaluation of a core set of thermodynamically activated but kinetically stable metabolites that power both primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Also, after decades of uncertainty about the existence of various pericyclase classes, a series of genome mining, heterologous expression, and enzymatic activity characterization have validated a plethora of pericyclases over the past decade. The several types of pericyclases are involved in biosynthetic complexity generation of almost every major category of natural products. This text will serve as a reference point for chemists of every subdiscipline, including synthetic organic chemists and medicinal chemists. It will also be valuable to bioinformatic and computational biologists, pharmacognocists and chemical ecologists, and bioengineers and synthetic biologists.Table of ContentsMajor Classes of Natural Product Scaffolds and Enzymatic Biosynthetic Machinery; The Chemical Logic for Major Reaction Types; Polyketide Natural Products; Peptide Natural Products I: RiPPs; Peptide Natural Products II: Nonribosomal Peptides; Isoprenoids/Terpenes; Alkaloids I; Purine- and Pyrimidine-derived Natural Products; Phenylpropanoid Natural Product Biosynthesis; Alkaloids II: Indole Terpenes; Natural Product Oligosaccharides and Glycosides; Oxygenases, Thwarted Oxygenases, and Oxygen-dependent Halogenases; S-Adenosylmethionine; Pericyclases in Natural Product Biosynthesis; Natural Products Isolation and Characterization: Gene-independent Approaches; Natural Products in the Post Genomic Era

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Book SynopsisThe volume is the first publication dedicated exclusively to the theme of Italian perfumery. A real manual, divided into three parts, offering a summary of the perfumes produced in Italy, reviewing the great brands that have made the olfactory taste known throughout the world, through wonderful essences, cutting-edge marketing and bottles with a refined design. The author, in reminding us how modern perfumery was born in Italy – reaching the much more famous France only in the 16th century, when Caterina de ‘Medici married the Duke of Orleans – retraces in the first part of the book the events that have marked the development of this art, which has become one of the excellences of Made in Italy. An anthology of 100 famous perfumes follows – selected for the significance of their features – accompanied by extensive descriptive cards and divided by decades starting from the seventies, allowing you to follow the evolution of contemporary perfumery up until current trends. A chapter is then dedicated to the perfume production chain, told in the words of some excellent protagonists. Rich apparatuses complete the volume: research that covers the approximately 7,000 fragrances produced in Italy in the last 50 years, with an indication of the manufacturer, the genre and year, and a table that visually illustrates the 100 fragrances divided into olfactory groups, and their chronological placement. After the international success of the Design History Handbook, Silvana Editoriale presents a new tool intended not only for insiders, but also for anyone that uses and loves perfumes. The book is sponsored by the Accademia del Profumo.Trade Review“And this is no simple handbook, for Vecchiattini ends it with a list of c. 7,000 fragrances made in Italy over the last half-century, detailing manufacturer, perfume type and production year.” -- Lucire - The global fashion magazine

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Book SynopsisThe 'radicals' which are the principal subject of this book are reactive molecular fragments which may participate in chemical reactions. It has come to be recognised that these species, which may be quite indiscriminate in their mode of action, are important mediators of change within living organisms. This may be beneficial, though it is frequently associated with disease. At the same time, chemists have learnt how radical reactivity may often be tamed and put touse in the synthesis of complex molecules. This book sets out to provide a reader who has a grounding in organic chemistry with a basic understanding of radical behaviour upon which these important developments in chemistry and biology are being constructed.Table of ContentsIntroduction ; The elementary reaction steps ; Energetics, kinetics, and mechanism ; Experimental methods ; Autoxidationa case study ; Radical ions, radical pairs, and biradicals

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisRepresents practical spectroscopic methodology, reviews, and information for organic materials, surfactants, and polymer spectra covering the ultraviolet, visible, near infrared, infrared, Raman and dielectric measurement techniques. This work includes description of interpretive and chemometric techniques used for spectral data analysis.Trade Review"This Handbook can provide a valuable reference for the daily activities of students and professionals working in modern molecular spectroscopy laboratories. Any one of them, when faced with a problem could take great comfort from the knowledge that this handbook wan on his bookshelf. The Handbook contains valuable material that shoul make a substantial contribution towards aiding spectral interpretation and data processing of organic spectra, polymers, and surfactants." --CURRENT ENGINEERING PRACTICE, HANDBOOK OF MACHINERY DYNAMICS, Vol.43, Nos 2-3; July-August-Septemeber, 2000; October-November-December, 2000 "the reviewers...highly recommend this book to analytical chemists, industrial chemists, and serious spectroscopists. Although the cost is high, the value is also high. Nowhere else is such a compilation of data, techniques, references, and general spectroscopic information available. Despite the minor flaws, this is a must-have book." --SPECTROSCOPY MAGAZINE

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Drug Discovery and Development: An Overview of Modern Methods and Principles 2. The Drug Discovery Process: From Ancient Times to the Present Day 3. Classical Targets in Drug Discovery 4. In Vitro Screening Systems 5. Medicinal Chemistry 6. In vitro ADME and In vivo Pharmacokinetics 7. Animal Models of Disease States 8. Safety and Toxicology 9. Antibody Drug Discovery 10. Basics of Clinical Trials 11. Translational Medicine and Biomarkers 12. Organizational Considerations and Trends in the Pharmaceutical Industry 13. Intellectual Property and Patents in Drug Discovery 14. Case Studies in Drug Discovery

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPART 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding 2. Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry TUTORIAL: Acids and Bases 3. An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure PART 2: ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION REACTIONS, STEREOCHEMISTRY, AND ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION TUTORIAL: Using Molecular Models 4. Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space TUTORIAL: Interconverting Structural Representations 5. Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows 6. The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions 7. The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis 8. Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction the Reactions of Benzene TUTORIAL: Drawing Resonance Contributors PART 3: SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION REACTIONS 9. Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides 10. Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds 11. Organometallic Compounds 12. Radicals TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows in Radical Systems PART 4: IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 13. Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; and UV/Vis Spectroscopy 14. NMR Spectroscopy PART 5: CARBONYL COMPOUNDS 15. Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 16. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 17. Reactions at the α-Carbon TUTORIAL: Synthesis and Retrosynthetic Analysis PART 6: AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 18. Reactions of Benzene And Substituted Benzenes 19. More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds PART 7: BIOORGANIC COMPOUNDS 20. The Organic Chemistry Of Carbohydrates 21. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 22. Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions 23. The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, Compounds Derived from Vitamins 24. The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways 25. The Organic Chemistry of Lipids 26. The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids PART 8: SPECIAL TOPICS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 27. Synthetic Polymers 28. Pericyclic Reactions Appendices I. pKa Values II. Kinetics III. Summary of Methods Used to Synthesize a Particular Functional Group IV. Summary of Methods Employed to Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds V. Spectroscopy Tables VI. Physical Properties of Organic Compounds VII. Answers to Selected Problems

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