Agronomy and crop production Books

Book SynopsisThis new book provides comprehensive coverage of sustainable sweet cherry production including global trends, improved varieties and rootstocks, orchard establishment and management, the physiology of growth and cropping, and protecting the crop from adverse climates, pests, and diseases. Sweet cherries are a specialty crop, subject to significant production risks for growers, yet with high potential market returns due to strong consumer demand for the fruit's intensely enjoyable flavor and nutraceutical benefits. Written by a renowned team of experts, this book emphasizes fresh market sweet cherry production practices based on scientific principles. It serves as a resource for a scientific foundational understanding of cherry tree growth and fruit development, providing the keys to both reasoned choice of orchard practices and the solution of future problems across a wide range of growing conditions and environments. The book: - Covers improved sweet cherry varieties and rootstocks. - Describes state-of-the-art tree training and production systems. - Considers production risk management technologies and decisions. Heavily illustrated and presented in full color throughout, Sweet Cherries is written with practical details and underlying physiological concepts for use by beginning and established fruit growers, consultants, and advisors, in addition to students and professionals in horticulture.Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Cherry Flowering, Fruiting, and Cultivars 3: Sweet Cherry Rootstocks 4: Planning a New Cherry Orchard 5: Orchard Establishment and Production 6: Sweet Cherry Pruning Fundamentals 7: Sweet Cherry Training Systems 8: Managing the Orchard Environment 9: Fruit Ripening and Harvest 10: Managing Orchard Pests 11: Managing Orchard Pathogens and Disorders 12: The Future of Cherry Production

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Book SynopsisThis textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of plant diseases, including pathogens, plant-pathogen interactions, their management, and future perspectives. Plant diseases limit potential crop production and are responsible for considerable losses in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Our global food production systems are under increasing pressure from global trade, climate change and urbanization. If we could alleviate the losses due to plant diseases, we would be able to produce roughly 20% more food - enough to feed the predicted world population in 2050. Co-authored by a group of international teachers of plant pathology who have collaborated for many years, this book gives expert and seamless coverage. Plant Pathology and Plant Diseases: Addresses major advances in plant-pathogen interactions, classification of plant pathogens, and the methods of managing or controlling disease Is relevant for a global audience; it covers many examples of diseases with an impact worldwide but with an emphasis on disease of particular importance in a temperate context Features over 400 striking figures and colour photographs It is suitable for graduate students and advanced undergraduates studying plant pathology, biology, agriculture and horticulture.Table of ContentsPART 1: GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY Chapter 1: WHAT IS A PLANT DISEASE? Chapter 2: HISTORY OF PLANT PATHOLOGY Chapter 3: THE DISEASE CYCLE AND LIFE STYLE PART 2: PLANT PATHOGENS Chapter 4: FUNGAL PLANT PATHOGENS Chapter 5: FUNGAL-LIKE PLANT PATHOGENS Chapter 6: BACTERIAL PLANT PATHOGENS Chapter 7: PLANT VIRUSES Chapter 8: NEMATODES CAUSING PLANT DISEASES Chapter 9: DIAGNOSIS OF PLANT DISEASES PART 3: PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS FROM GENES TO POPULATIONS Chapter 10: MECHANISMS OF PATHOGENICITY Chapter 11: PLANT DEFENCE AGAINST PATHOGENS Chapter 12: RACE SPECIFICITY AND PLANT IMMUNITY Chapter 13: POPULATION GENETICS IN PLANT-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS Chapter 14: EPIDEMIOLOGY – DISEASE IN PLANT POPULATIONS PART 4: DISEASE MANAGEMENT Chapter 15: CULTURAL PRACTICES FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT Chapter 16: CHEMICAL PLANT DISEASE CONTROL Chapter 17: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PLANT DISEASES Chapter 18: DISEASE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES USING HOST RESISTANCE Chapter 19: BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR PLANT DISEASE CONTROL Chapter 20: FROM DISEASE ASSESSMENT TO DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS Chapter 21: INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Chapter 22: PLANT HEALTH LEGISLATION PART 5: PERSPECTIVES Chapter 23: PLANT PATHOLOGY IN A CHANGING WORLD

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Book SynopsisWine growers are converting to biodynamic viniculture in record numbers. Some of the world’s best wines are now biodynamic.At its heart, biodynamic viniculture is about understanding the nature of vines and their relationship to the environment. This beautifully illustrated and informative book will be of interest to current biodynamic wine growers and those considering converting to biodynamic methods. It includes: -- an introduction to the theory of biodynamic viniculture and the Goethean method of observation in relation to vines;-- practical articles on all aspects of wine growing, including biodiversity, pruning, treating and preventing disease; -- case studies of biodynamic vineyards from around the world.Biodynamic wine expert Jean-Michel Florin has gathered contributions from biodynamic viniculturists to create a beautiful, full-colour book which is both a celebration of sustainable wine growing and an invaluable guide to the future of wine cultivation.Table of ContentsIntroductionPart 1 - A Goethean Approach1. The Archetypal PlantJean-Michel FlorinFour steps of plant observationPlant growth: point, line and planeThe three types of metamorphosisThe rootThe creation of substanceFruit formationWoody plants2. The VineJean-Michel FlorinA woody climberThe grape louse plagueThe vine’s gestureCultivation and habitatA paradigm change: from controlling to accompanying the vinePart 2 - A New Impulse3. Pathogenesis: The Grape Louse Plague Georg Meissner4. Salutogenesis: Restoring the Vine to HealthGeorg MeissnerPart 3 - A Viticulture that Respects the Vine’s True Nature 5. The Agricultural Organism Jean-Michel Florin6. From Grapevine Monoculture to a Diverse VineyardWerner Michlits 7. Undersowing Vines in Organic ViticultureMatthias Wolff 8. Biodynamic Vineyards at WorkThe Zusslin Estate, Alsace, FranceJean-Michel Florin Château d’Esther, St Loubès, Bordeaux, FranceJean-Michel FlorinEco Terreno, Sonoma County, California, USARobert Izzo and Daphne AmoryLittorai Wines, Sonoma County, California, USATed LemonSeresin Estate, Marlborough, New Zealand Colin RossPart 4 - How to Make the Vine Stronger9.ManureJean-Michel FlorinThe biodynamic preparations10.Esca: a Grapevine Trunk Disease Florian Bassini11.Fungal DiseasesJean-Michel FlorinField horsetail (Equisetum arvense)Willow The stinging nettle (Urtica dioica)12. The Nature of SulfurMarc Follmer13. The Nature of CopperMarc Follmer 14. Pruning to Reflect the Vine’s NatureHans-Christian Zehnter15. Gentle Pruning to Prevent Wood Disease François Dal 16. The Vine Nursery: Training the Breeder’s EyeJean-Michel Florin 17. Regenerative GraftingFrançois Dal 18.Growing Points Jean-Michel Florin Part 5 - The Future of the Vine 19. Wine Gold Hans-Christian Zehnter 20. Developments in Apple Breeding: a Possibility for the VineNikolaus Bolliger 21.The Future of Wine: Working with a Creative TensionJean-Michel FlorinAcknowledgementsPicture Credits ContributorsBiodynamic AssociationsNotesFurther ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisHemp production for industrial purposes continues to grow worldwide, and is currently being used for many applications including house insulation, paper making, animal bedding, fabric, rope making and also as a biofuel. This book brings together international experts to examine all aspects of industrial hemp production, including the origins of hemp production, as well as the botany and anatomy, genetics and breeding, quality assessment, regulations, and the agricultural and industrial economics of hemp production. A translation of Le Chanvre Industriel, this book has been revised and updated for an international audience and is essential reading for producers of industrial hemp, industry personnel and agriculture researchers and students.Table of Contents1: Hemp: A Plant with a Worldwide Distribution 2: The History of Hemp 3: Physiology and Botany of Industrial Hemp 4: Genetics and Selection of Hemp 5: Factors Affecting the Yield of Industrial Hemp – Experimental Results from France 6: Hemp Agronomics and Cultivation 7: Legislative Controls on the Cultivation of Hemp 8: The Agricultural Economics of Hemp 9: The Industrial Hemp Economy 10: Integrated Quality Management for Bast Fibres in Technical Applications 11: Use of Natural Fibres in Composites for German Automotive Production from 1999 to 2005 12: Increasing Demand for European Hemp Fibres 13: Hemp in Papermaking 14: Hemp and Plastics 15: Medicinal Uses of Hemp 16: Hemp Seeds for Nutrition 17: Hemp and the Construction Industry 18: The Uses of Hemp for Domestic Animals 19: Chemical and Morphological Differences in Hemp Varieties 20: Hemp Production Outside the EU – North America and Eastern Europe 21: The Role of Hemp in Sustainable Development

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Book SynopsisThe Mango is one of the oldest cultivated fruit crops, having been grown in India for at least 4000 years. Mango is the most important fruit crop of Asia and its annual production is exceeded worldwide only by Musa, citrus, grapes and apples. The last decade has seen a rapid growth of mango production, mainly due to expansion into new growing regions but also to the adoption of modern field practices and cultivars. A wide range of fresh, mango cultivars are now consumed worldwide and are available year round. The Mango: Botany, Production and Uses, published in 1997, represented the first comprehensive examination of all aspects of modern mango production and research. Developing upon the successful first edition, this book incorporates a discussion of significant advances in mango research that have contributed to improved production and will be highly relevant for researchers and growers alike.Table of Contents1: Botany and Importance S K Mukherjee (deceased) and R E Litz 2: Taxonomy and Systematics J M Bompard 3: Important Mango Cultivars and Their Descriptors R J Knight, Jr., R J Campbell and I Maguire 4: Breeding and Genetics C P A. Iyer and R J Schnell 5: Reproductive Physiology T L Davenport 6: Ecophysiology B Schaffer, L Urban, P Lu and A W Whiley 7: Fruit Diseases D Prusky , I Kobiler, I Miyara and N Alkan 8: Foliar, Floral and Soilborne Diseases R C Ploetz and S Freeman 9: Physiological Disorders V Galan Sauco 10: Pests J E Peña, M Aluja and M Wysoki 11: Crop Production: Propagation S Ram (deceased) and R E Litz 12: Crop Production: Mineral Nutrition I S E Bally 13: Crop Production: Management J H Crane, S Salazar-García, T-S Lin, A C de Queiroz Pinto and Z-H Shü 14: Postharvest Physiology J K Brecht and E M Yahia 15: Postharvest Technology and Quarantine Treatments G I Johnson and P J Hofman 16: World Mango Trade and the Economics of Mango Production E A Evans and O J Mendoza 17: Fruit Processing L C Raymundo, M T Ombico and T M de Villa 18. Biotechnology R E Litz, M A Gomez Lim and U Lavi

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Book SynopsisThe understanding and management of land resources used by grazing animals are of major importance to ecologists and agricultural and environmental scientists. This book fills a major gap in the market by synthesising a range of perspectives on grazing systems, drawn from plant science, animal science and ecology. It outlines the principles of herbage growth and competition, of animal nutrition and grazing behaviour, and of the interactions of plant and animal factors that are central to an understanding of grazing systems. Chapters on the management of grazing systems cover both intensive and extensive systems (including rangelands) from all major agroecological zones of the world. The book is written by leading authorities from the USA, UK, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Israel and France. It represents a major contribution to the literature for advanced students and research workers concerned with plant science (especially grasslands), animal science (especially ruminants), aTable of ContentsPart 1: Plants and Plant Populations 1: Tissue flows in grazed plant communities D Chapman (AgResearch, New Zealand) and G Lemaire (INRA, France) 2: Strategies of plant survival in grazed systems: A functional interpretation D Briske (Texas A&M University) 3: Plant competition and population dynamics J Bullock (ITE, Wareham, UK) 4: Assessing and interpreting grass-woody plant dynamics S Archer (Texas A&M University) Part 2: Animals and Animal Populations 5: Foraging strategies of grazing animals M Demment (University of California) and E Laca (Texas Tech University) 6: Biochemical aspects of grazing behaviour K Launchbaugh (Texas Tech University) 7: Ingestive behaviour E D Ungar (ARO, Israel) 8: The ruminant, the rumen and the pasture resource: Nutrient interactions in the grazing animal H Dove (CSIRO, Australia) 9: Multispecies grazing in the Serengeti M Murray (University of Edinburgh, UK) and A W Illius Part 3: Grazing Systems and their Management 10: Complexity and stability in grazing systems N Tainton (University of Natal, South Africa) et al. 11: Management of grazing systems - temperate pastures G W Sheath (AgResearch, New Zealand) and D Clarke (DRC, New Zealand) 12: Management of rangelands: Paradigms at their limit M Stafford Smith (CSIRO, Australia) 13: Management of Mediterranean grasslands N Seligman (ARO, Israel) 14: Grasslands in the well-watered tropical lowlands M J Fisher et al (CIAT, Colombia)

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Book SynopsisOlive culture is growing rapidly, and expanding all over the world outside traditional centres of olive growth and production. Olives are not only a significant food source, but also contribute to human health and are becoming popular in health-conscious diets far beyond their Mediterranean origins. Reviewing an extensive array of literature from both a theoretical and practical perspective, this comprehensive guide deals with all aspects of olive culture, from its history, origins and traditional techniques to the latest horticultural procedures and basic physiology. The book's accessible and broadly illustrated format makes it an indispensable text for students, interested individuals and both active and amateur horticulturists.Table of Contents1: History of olive growing 2: Olive origin and classification 3: Morphology and taxonomy of the olive 4: Structure and composition of the olive fruit 5: Acreage, number of trees of olive oil and table olives 6: Rootstocks 7: Major trends in olive farming systems in the European Union 8: Climatic and soil conditions 9: Flower bud induction and differentiation 10: Flowering, pollination, fertilization, fruiting 11: Alternate bearing 12: Fruit thinning 13: Systems of planting and canopy training 14: Propagation of olive trees 15: Olive irrigation 16: Water use efficiency by olives 17: Stress induced proline and mannitol accumulation 18: Mineral nutrition of olive trees 19: Growth and salt tolerance of olives 20: Pruning 21: Olive ripening 22: Olive fruit harvesting 23: Olive varieties 24: Table olives 25: Olive oil extraction, storage, quality, certification and authenticity 26: Olive mill products and environmental impact of olive oil production"

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Book SynopsisA biodynamic farm is an integrated, holistic organism which balances animal husbandry with growing a range of plants, crops and trees. Balance is of the utmost importance, and will result in a sustainable farm.This book focuses in depth on one aspect of biodynamic farming: growing crops. It addresses all aspects of crop husbandry, from the nature of plants and issues of land use to cultivating grassland, weed control, crop rotation, seeds and sowing, and growing cereals, row crops, legumes, fodder crops and herbs.This is a comprehensive overview of crops and cropping for biodynamic farmers, written by experts in their field.

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Book SynopsisThe cut flower and foliage industry is a global business with major production locations in North America, South America, Central America, East Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Few other horticulture crops are as ubiquitous, yet the production techniques and challenges are universal. This book describes the main international production locations and markets, including current trends and directions. The focus is on production in protected cultivation. The major species - including rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, orchid and gerbera - dominate the global market and these are individually explored in detail. Specialty species and cut foliages are also addressed, as well as significant details of production, including irrigation and fertilization, disease and disease management, and biological control of pests. Finally, the postharvest chapter covers details of harvesting, transporting and delivering high quality flowers that provide an excellent vase life. Highly illustrated with color photos throughout, this is an essential resource for students and researchers in horticulture, growers and producers, and those in the floriculture industry.Table of Contents1: The Global Cut Flower and Foliage Marketplace 2: Major Cut Flowers 3: Cut Foliages 4: Specialty Cuts 5: Irrigation and Fertilization 6: Diseases and Disease Management 7: Biological Control of Pests 8: Postharvest Management

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Book SynopsisFully updated with new content and full-colour figures, the second edition of this successful book reflects developments and growth in our knowledge of carrots and related crops worldwide. It covers the scientific basis of their biology and production, with updated technical crop management content. This new edition is divided into three sections: the first considers the crops' importance and main features; the second focuses on carrot, from genetic diversity and breeding to cropping systems, pest and disease management, quality, postharvest and valorization; and the third presents the main aspects of 13 other cultivated Apiaceae. Containing a dedicated chapter on root-quality plus new chapters on organic production and consumer expectations, this book also: Highlights both unique and shared characteristics among cultivated Apiaceae species. Describes the links between scientific principles and cropping systems. Explores the relationship between crop management and product quality. An invaluable resource for all those involved in carrot and related vegetable production, this is essential reading for producers, and horticulture, plant science and food science students, as well as researchers in these areas.Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION: CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE APIACEAE TO THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY AND GLOBAL CUISINES SECTION I: THE APIACEAE, A FAMILY OF VEGETABLE AND AROMATIC CROPS 1: TAXONOMY, ORIGIN AND IMPORTANCE OF THE APIACEAE FAMILY 2: BOTANY OF THE FAMILY APIACEAE 3: APIACEAE SEED PRODUCTION 4: APIACEAE, A FAMILY OF SPECIES RICH IN SECONDARY METABOLITES – AROMATIC COMPOUNDS AND MEDICINAL ATTRIBUTES SECTION II: CARROT PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 5: GENETIC DIVERSITY AND MAIN CARROT TYPES 6: CARROT GENETICS AND BREEDING 7: CARROT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 8: CARROT PRODUCTION PRACTICES 9: INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN CARROT 10: CARROT DISEASE MANAGEMENT 11: MANAGEMENT OF CARROT PESTS 12: CARROT DISEASES RESULTING FROM PHYTOPLASMAS AND VIRUSES 13: CARROT PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS AND CROP ADAPTATION TO STRESS 14: CARROT ROOT QUALITY 15: COLD STORAGE OF CARROTS 16: ORGANIC CARROT PRODUCTION 17: CARROT ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY AND CONSUMER EXPECTATIONS SECTION III: PRODUCTION AND USE OF OTHER APIACEAE CROPS 18: AJOWAN 19: ANGELICA 20: ARRACACHA 21: CARAWAY AND CUMIN 22: CELERIAC 23: CELERY 24: CHERVIL 25: CORIANDER 26: DILL 27: FENNEL 28: PARSLEY 29: PARSNIP 30: TUBEROUS ROOTED CHERVIL

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Book Synopsis* A new book in Polity's successful Resources series which tells the fascinating story of sugar in the global economy * Ambitious and intriguing, this book advances our understanding of the hugely profitable sugar industry and the economic exploitation and health issues associated with it.Trade Review�This is a fascinating interdisciplinary book and it covers much ground very well. It is well referenced and has a useful �further reading� section. I would recommend it for anyone interested in the good, the bad and the ugly of our globalized food system.�International Affairs "This is a fascinating interdisciplinary book and it covers much ground very well. It is well referenced and has a useful �further reading� section. I would recommend it for anyone interested in the good, the bad and the ugly of our globalized food system." Tim Benton, UK�s Global Food Security Programme and University of Leeds, UK "Ben Richardson�s Sugar is an intriguing survey of all things sugar, including consumption and foodways, the means of production, and how governments deal with their sugar industries and conduct their sugar-related international trade relations. True to his mission of providing a Marxist perspective, Richardson concludes by advocating for �reform from below.� Sugar draws on the scholarship of many sugar experts and will be a valuable resource for journalists and others researching sugar issues." Elizabeth Abbott, Author, Sugar: A Bittersweet History "Sugar has shaped our history and our politics; it affects our health, and influences the livelihoods of millions. Sugar is a lens on a fast-changing, globalised world, where the politics of agrarian change, international commerce, workers� rights and human health must be examined together. This is a fascinating book that both informs and challenges. Anyone interested in global politics, agriculture, business and social change and justice should read it." Ian Scoones, University of SussexTable of ContentsAcknowledgements 1. Introduction 2. Growing Markets, Growing Waistlines 3. Terminal Trade Dependency 4. Exploiting and Expelling Labour 5. Expanding and Exhausting Land 6. A Sweeter Deal for All? Selected Readings Notes

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Sustainable Management of Soil Fertility and Land Resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Holistic Approach Boubie Vincent Bado and Andre Bationo 2. The Role of Soil Organic Matter for Maintaining Crop Yields: Evidence for a Renewed Conceptual Basis Per Schjonning, Johannes L. Jensen, Sander Bruun, Lars S. Jensen, Bent T. Christensen, Lars J. Munkholm, Myles Oelofse, Sanmohan Baby, and Leif Knudsen 3. Biosurfactants for Sustainable Soil Management Zulfiqar Ahmad, Muhammad Imran, Samia Qadeer, Sabir Hussain, Rukhsana Kausar, Lorna Dawson and Azeem Khalid 4. Anti-inflammatory Potential of Medicinal Plants: A Source for Therapeutic Secondary Metabolites Nirit Bernstein, Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Daniyal, Hinanit Koltai, Marcelo Fridlender, and Jonathan Gorelick 5. A Review of Tillage Practices and their Potential to Impact the Soil Carbon Dynamics Promil Mehra, Jack Desbiolles, John Baker, Robert E. Sojka, Nanthi Bolan, M. B. Kirkham, Craig Ross, and Risha Gupta 6. Water-nitrogen Co-limitation in Grain Crops C. Mariano Cossani and Victor O. Sadras

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction2. Basic Soil-Plant Relationships3. Soil Acidity and Alkalinity4. Nitrogen5. Phosphorus6. Potassium7. Sulfur, Calcium, and Magnesium8. Micronutrients9. Soil Fertility Evaluation10. Basics of Nutrient Management11. Nutrients Interactions and Economics12. Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Quality

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Book SynopsisTraces the rise and spread of citrus across the globe: from Southeast Asia in 4000 BC through North Africa and the Roman Empire to early modern Spain and Portugal, whose explorers introduced the fruits to the Americas during the 1500s.Trade Review"Laszlo... has approached the lore of citrus fruit with the elan of a master chef (the man is French, after all), mixing history, economics, biology, and chemistry to produce a book that will bring a smile to readers of every taste." - Natural History "Altogether charming, eccentric, erudite, and definitely worth the price." - Times Higher Education Supplement "Stimulating.... Laszlo shows that the citrus fruit 'is a treasure trove of chemicals that are highly useful to humankind' - which also happens to taste wonderful." - Sunday Times (UK) "A short but brilliant account of 6,000 years of citrus fruits that should be devoured with fervor." - Financial Times "Did you know there are a billion citrus trees under cultivation, or that grape-fruit juice may potentiate the effects of Viagra? Citrus mines over two millennia of history to explore the spread of these fruits out of Asia, their commercialization in the United States, and enduring symbolism the world over." - New Scientist"

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Book SynopsisThe citrus industry is one of the world's most important fruit production industries, but global climate change, pests, diseases, and improper handling are affecting plant yields. Citrus Production: Technological Advancements and Adaptation to Changing Climate presents information on advancements in the citrus industry examining various aspects of citrus from its production to harvest. It looks at the challenges and approaches in stress tolerance improvements, increasing citrus crop productivity, and reducing postharvest losses. The book details taxonomy, genetic diversity, and metabolic and molecular responses in citrus crops, as well as abiotic and biotic stresses affecting citrus production. Featuring numerous full-color illustrations throughout, this book poses new harvesting techniques along with postharvest physiology of citrus fruits, devising strategies to prevent crop losses.Citrus Production: Technological Advancements and Adaptation to Changing Climate is an essential resource for researchers, academicians, and scientists looking to expand their knowledge of citrus, particularly horticulturists, food scientists, and botanists.Table of ContentsCitrus Taxonomy. Challenges to the Citrus Industry. Part I: Genetic Diversity in Citrus. Challenges and Advances in Citrus Breeding. Genetic Improvement in Citrus. Part II: Abiotic Stresses and Citrus: Physiology, Metabolic and Molecular Responses. Citrus Response and Tolerance against Salinity. Drought. Water Logging. Temperature Stress. Light Stress. Heavy Metals. Nutritional Imbalance. Part IV: Recent Biotic Stresses Faced by Citrus Production. Citrus Greening. Citrus Response to Diseases. Insects that Threaten Citrus Production. Part V: Harvest and Postharvest Challenges. Harvesting Factors that Influence Citrus Production. Preharvest Conditions that Influence Postharvest Losses. Post-harvest Physiology and Quality Maintenance of Citrus Fruit. The Supply Value Chain of Fresh Citrus Fruit. Citrus Nutritional Value and Human Health.

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive reference consolidates current information on the antioxidant properties of wheat, their beneficial effects, the mechanisms involved, factors affecting availability/bioavailability, and the methods used to measure them.Trade Review"The book presents current information on antioxidant compounds of wheat." (Food Science and Technology Abstracts, September 2008)Table of ContentsContributors xi CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW AND PROSPECTIVE 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Grain 2 1.3 Other Biological Activities of Wheat Antioxidants 3 1.4 Wheat Antioxidants: Opportunities and Challenges 5 CHAPTER 2 ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEAT GRAIN AND ITS FRACTIONS 7 2.1 Sample Preparation 8 2.2 Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of Wheat Fractions 8 2.3 Iron(II)-Chelating Activity of Wheat Fractions 11 2.4 Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Wheat Fractions 13 2.5 Inhibition of Photochemiluminescence (PCL) by Wheat Fractions 14 2.6 Effect of Milling and Pearling of Wheat on Inhibition of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Oxidation 17 2.7 Influence of Milling and Pearling on Homediated Supercoiled DNA Scission by Wheat 19 2.8 Conclusions 20 CHAPTER 3 EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE, ENVIRONMENT AND GENOTYPE • ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEAT 24 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 Genotype Effects 26 3.2.1 Total Phenolic Content 27 3.2.2 Phenolic Acid Composition 28 3.2.3 DPPH Scavenging Capacity 31 3.2.4 Superoxide Scavenging Capacities 31 3.2.5 Peroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacities 32 3.3 Environment Effects 32 3.4 Genotype by Environment Interaction Effects 33 3.5 Relative Contribution of G, E, and G • E Effects to Total Variation 35 3.6 Concluding Remarks 37 CHAPTER 4 CAROTENOID, TOCOPHEROL, LIGNAN, FLAVONOID, AND PHYTOSTEROL COMPOSITIONS OF WHEAT GRAIN AND ITS FRACTIONS 42 4.1 Introduction 42 4.2 Phytochemical Composition of Wheat 43 4.2.1 Polyphenols (Lignans, Flavonoids) 43 4.2.2 Carotenoids 46 4.2.3 Tocopherols and Tocotrienols 48 4.2.4 Phytosterols and Phytostanols 49 4.2.5 Antioxidant Activities and Health Benefits 49 4.3 Conclusion 52 CHAPTER 5 ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEAT PHENOLIC ACIDS 54 5.1 Introduction 54 5.2 Phenolic Acid Contents in Wheat Grain and Fractions 54 5.3 Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Wheat Phenolic Acids 59 5.4 Inhibitory Effect of Wheat Phenolic Acids on Lipid Peroxidation 64 5.5 Chelating Properties of Wheat Phenolic Acids 66 5.6 Other Antioxidant Activities of Wheat Phenolic Acids 66 5.7 Structure–Activity Relationship of Wheat Phenolic Acids 70 CHAPTER 6 EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS, FOOD FORMULATION, AND PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON WHEAT ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES 73 6.1 Introduction 73 6.2 Wheat Postharvest Treatments 74 6.2.1 Wheat Flour Milling 74 6.2.2 Pearling or Debranning 76 6.2.3 Storage of Wheat and Wheat Products 77 6.2.4 Other Postharvest Treatments 78 6.3 Food Formulations 79 6.4 Food Heat Processing 82 6.5 Summary 86 CHAPTER 7 ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEAT-BASED BREAKFAST FOODS 88 7.1 Introduction 88 7.2 Whole Grains for Health & Wellness 88 7.3 Grains Classification and Consumption 89 7.4 Wheat Types, Morphology, and Composition 90 7.5 Role of Antioxidants in Wheat and Other Cereal Grains 90 7.6 Wheat Milling and Distribution of Antioxidants 91 7.7 Wheat-Based Breakfast Foods 92 7.8 Breakfast Meal Consumption and Demographics 92 7.9 Antioxidants in RTE Breakfast Cereals 93 7.10 Antioxidants and Bread Making 95 7.11 Conclusion 96 CHAPTER 8 EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION METHOD AND CONDITIONS ON WHEAT ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ESTIMATION 100 8.1 Introduction 100 8.2 Extraction Methods and Conditions 101 8.2.1 Effects of Extraction Method 105 8.2.2 Effects of Extraction Conditions 106 8.3 General Considerations for Sample Preparation and Extraction 113 8.4 Extraction Condition Recommendations for Wheat Antioxidant Property Estimation 114 CHAPTER 9 METHODS FOR ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF WHEAT AND WHEAT-BASED FOOD PRODUCTS 118 9.1 Introduction 118 9.2 DPPH Radical Scavenging Capacity Assay 120 9.2.1 Principles and Background 120 9.2.2 Materials and Solutions Preparation 121 9.2.3 Discussion 124 9.3 ABTS Cation Radical (ABTS_+) Scavenging Capacity Assay 125 9.3.1 Principles and Background 125 9.3.2 Materials and Solutions Preparation 126 9.3.3 Measuring Procedure 127 9.3.4 Calculations 127 9.3.5 Discussion 128 9.4 Superoxide Anion Radical (O2__) Scavenging Capacity Assay 130 9.4.1 Principles and Background 130 9.4.2 Materials and Solutions Preparation 131 9.4.3 Procedure 131 9.4.4 Calculations 131 9.4.5 Discussion 132 9.5 Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity (ORAC) Assay 133 9.5.1 Principles and Background 133 9.5.2 Materials and Solutions Preparation 134 9.5.3 Calculations 135 9.5.4 Discussion 136 9.6 Hydroxyl Radical (_OH) Scavenging Capacity (HOSC) Assay for Hydrophilic Antioxidants 138 9.6.1 Principles and Background 138 9.6.2 Materials and Solutions Preparation 139 9.6.3 Calculations 140 9.6.4 Discussion 141 9.6.5 Other Reported Methods for Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacity Estimation 142 9.7 Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Capacity Assay for Lipophilic Antioxidants Using ESR 143 9.7.1 Principles and Background 143 9.7.2 Materials and Solutions Preparation 144 9.7.3 Procedure 144 9.7.4 ESR Parameters 144 9.7.5 Calculations 145 9.7.6 Discussion 146 9.8 Total Phenolic Contents Assay Using the Folin–Ciocalteu Reagent 147 9.8.1 Principles and Background 147 9.8.2 Procedure 148 9.8.3 Calculations 149 9.8.4 Discussion 149 9.9 Iron(II) Chelating Capacity Assay 150 9.9.1 Principles and Background 150 9.9.2 Procedure 153 9.9.3 Calculations 154 9.9.4 Discussion 154 9.10 Copper(II) Chelating Capacity Assay 155 9.10.1 Principles and Background 155 9.10.2 Materials and Solutions Preparation 156 9.10.3 Procedure 156 9.10.4 ESR Parameters 156 9.10.5 Discussion 158 9.11 Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition Assay (OSI) 158 9.11.1 Principles and Background 158 9.11.2 Results 160 9.11.3 Discussion 160 9.12 Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Peroxidation Inhibition Assay 162 9.12.1 Principles and Background 162 9.12.2 Discussion 165 9.13 Conclusions 166 CHAPTER 10 APPLICATION OF ESR IN WHEAT ANTIOXIDANT DETERMINATION 173 10.1 Introduction 173 10.2 The Principles of ESR 174 10.3 The Application of ESR in Food Systems 176 10.4 ESR Determination of Wheat Antioxidants 179 10.4.1 Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Wheat Antioxidants 179 10.4.2 Chelating Activity Against Cu2+ 184 10.4.3 Effects of Wheat Antioxidants on Lipid Peroxidation in Liposomes 185 CHAPTER 11 ANALYSIS OF TOCOPHEROLS AND CAROTENOIDS IN WHEAT MATERIALS USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY TECHNOLOGY 190 11.1 Introduction 190 11.2 Terminology 193 11.3 Analysis of Tocopherols and Carotenoids by LC-MS Technology 193 11.3.1 Liquid–Liquid Extraction 194 11.3.2 Chromatographic Separation 197 11.3.3 LC–MS Interfaces and MS Detection 201 11.4 Summary 204 CHAPTER 12 QUANTIFICATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS IN WHEAT AND WHEAT-BASED PRODUCTS 208 12.1 Introduction 208 12.2 Background 209 12.3 Chemicals and Equipments 209 12.4 Methods 210 12.4.1 Sample Preparation 1 210 12.4.2 Sample Preparation 2 According to the Protocol Reported by Kim et al. (Fig. 12.2) 211 12.4.3 HPLC Separation and Determination 213 12.5 Discussion 213 CHAPTER 13 EFFECTS OF WHEAT ON NORMAL INTESTINE 219 13.1 Introduction 219 13.2 Wheat Component Effects on Normal Intestinal Epithelial Cells in vitro 220 13.2.1 Background Information 220 13.2.2 Effects of Wheat Bran Extract on IEC-6 Cell Proliferation 222 13.2.3 Ferulic Acid and IEC-6 Cell Proliferation 224 13.3 Discussion 232 13.4 Conclusion 234 CHAPTER 14 WHEAT ANTIOXIDANTS AND CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM 236 14.1 Introduction 336 14.2 Wheat Antioxidants 236 14.2.1 Phenolic Acids 237 14.2.2 Carotenoids 237 14.2.3 Tocopherols 237 14.3 Wheat Antioxidant Properties 238 14.4 Cholesterol Homeostasis 239 14.5 Effects of Wheat Antioxidants on Cholesterol Metabolism 240 14.6 Summary 241 CHAPTER 15 WHEAT ANTIOXIDANT BIOAVAILABILITY 244 15.1 Introduction 244 15.2 Absorption Characteristics of Fluorescein In Vitro 245 15.3 Absorption Characteristics of Phenolic Acid In Vitro 247 15.3.1 FA and PCA 247 15.3.2 CA, CLA, GA, and RA 248 15.3.3 Artepillin C (AC) 249 15.4 Absorption Efficiency and Bioavailability of Phenolic Acid in Rats 251 15.5 Absorption Characteristics of Colonic Metabolites of Poorly Absorbed Polyphenols In Vitro 253 15.6 Current Knowledge and Status of the MCT-Mediated Transport System 256 15.6.1 Gastric Absorption 256 15.6.2 MCT Subtype Responsible for Transport of PAs and Microbial Metabolites of Polyphenols 256 15.6.3 Concept of Metabonutrients 257 15.7 Overview of Absorption and Bioavailability of Wheat Antioxidants: Future Studies 258 15.7.1 SRA, SPA, VA and PBA 258 15.7.2 Free, Soluble Conjugate, and Insoluble Bound PAs in Wheat 259 CHAPTER 16 WHEAT LIGNANS: PROMISING CANCER PREVENTIVE AGENTS 264 16.1 Introduction 264 16.2 Lignans and Cancer Prevention 266 16.2.1 Epidemiological and Clinical Studies 267 16.2.2 Experimental Animal Studies 267 16.3 Plausible Mechanisms of Lignans for Cancer Prevention 268 INDEX

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Book SynopsisNew technologies are becoming available for managing glyphosate resistant (GR) weeds and reducing their spread. GR crop technology has revolutionized crop production in the developed world and the benefits are gradually spilling over to the developing world.Trade Review"The book provides a very useful review for researchers into GR crops and weeds, as well as to those involved in education and extension, and decision-making in the approval of GM crops. It exemplifies the complexities and consequences of resistance development in general." (The Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 1 October 2011) "Features contributions from leading experts in the many disciplines needed to fully understand glyphosphate-resistant crops and weeds. The authors have reviewed and analyzed all the latest research findings as well as the latest technologies developed to manage GR crops and weeds." (Chemical & Engineering News, December 2010) "This book provides such an essential, up-to-date source of information on glyphosate resistance for researchers, extension workers, land managers, government personnel, and other decision makers and provides comprehensive coverage of the intensely studied topic of glyphosate resistant (GR) in crops". (Quote.com, 23 November 2010)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Contributors. 1 Glyphosate: Discovery, Development, Applications, and Properties (Gerald M. Dill, R. Douglas Sammons, Paull C. C. Feng, Frank Kohn, Keith Kretzmer, Akbar Mehrsheikh, Marion Bleeke, Joy L. Honegger, Donna Farmer, Dan Wright and Eric A. Haupfear). 2 Herbicide Resistance: Definitions and Concepts (Vijay K. Nandula). 3 Glyphosate-Resistant Crops: Developing the Next Generation Products (Paul C. C. Feng, Claire A. CaJacob, Susan J. Martino-Catt, R. Eric Cerny, Greg A. Elmore, Gregory R. Heck, Jintai Huang, Warren M. Kruger, Marianne Malven, John A. Miklos, and Stephen R. Padgette). 4 Transitioning from Single to Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Crops (Jerry M. Green and Linda A. Castle). 5 Testing Methods for Glyphosate Resistance (Dale L. Shaner). 6 Biochemical Mechanisms and Molecular Basis of Evolved Glyphosate Resistance in Weed Species (Alejandro Perez-Jones and Carol Mallory-Smith). 7 Glyphosate Resistance: Genetic Basis in Weeds (Michael J. Christoffers and Aruna V. Varanasi). 8 Genomics of Glyphosate Resistance (C. Neal Stewart, Jr., Yanhui Peng, Laura G. Abercrombie, Matthew D. Halfhill, Murali R. Rao, Priya Ranjan, Jun Hu, R. Douglas Sammons, Gregory R. Heck, Patrick J. Tranel, and Joshua S. Yuan). 9 Glyphosate-Resistant Crop Production Systems: Impact on Weed Species Shifts (Krishna N. Reddy and Jason K. Norsworthy). 10 Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed in the United States (Lawrence E. Steckel, Christopher L. Main, and Thomas C. Mueller). 11 Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in the United States (A. Stanley Culpepper, Theodore M. Webster, L. Sosnoskie, and Alan C. York). 12 Managing Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds and Population Shifts in Midwestern U.S. Cropping Systems (Stephen C. Weller. Micheal D. K. Owen and William G. Johnson). 13 Glyphosate-Resistant Rigid Ryegrass in Australia (Christopher Preston). 14 Glyphosate Resistance in Latin America (Bernal E. Valverde). 15 Strategies for Managing Glyphosate Resistance—An Extension Perspective (Ken Smith). 16 Economic Impact of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds (Janet E. Carpenter and Leonard P. Gianessi). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book, Plant Breeding, has it bases in an earlier text entitled An Introduction to Plant Breeding by Jack Brown and Peter Caligari, first published in 2008.Table of ContentsPreface xi About the companion website xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Requirements of plant breeders 1 1.2 Evolution of crop species 4 1.2.1 Why did hunter-gatherers become farmers? 4 1.2.2 What crops were involved? And when did they arise? 5 1.3 Natural and human selection 8 1.4 Contribution of modern plant breeders 8 Think questions 11 2 Modes of Reproduction and Types of Cultivar 13 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Modes of reproduction 15 2.2.1 Sexual reproduction 15 2.2.2 Asexual reproduction 16 2.3 Types of cultivar 17 2.3.1 Pure-line cultivars 17 2.3.2 Open-pollinated cultivars 17 2.3.3 Hybrid cultivars 18 2.3.4 Clonal cultivars 18 2.3.5 Synthetic cultivars 18 2.3.6 Multiline cultivars 18 2.3.7 Composite-cross cultivars 19 2.4 Annuals and perennials 19 2.5 Reproductive sterility 19 Think questions 19 3 Breeding Objectives 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 People, politics and economic criteria 22 3.3 Grower profitability 25 3.3.1 Increasing harvestable yield 26 3.3.2 Selection for yield increase 27 3.4 Increasing end-use quality 28 3.4.1 Testing for end-use quality 30 3.5 Increasing pest and disease resistance 31 3.6 Types of plant resistance 34 3.7 Mechanisms for disease resistance 35 3.8 Testing plant resistance 36 3.9 Conclusions 38 Think questions 38 4 Breeding Schemes 40 4.1 Introduction 40 4.2 Development of pure-line cultivars 40 4.2.1 Homozygosity 41 4.2.2 Breeding schemes for pure-line cultivars 43 4.2.3 Number of segregating families and selections 46 4.2.4 Seed increases for cultivar release 46 4.3 Developing multiline cultivars 47 4.3.1 Backcrossing 48 4.4 Development of open-pollinated population cultivars 49 4.4.1 Breeding schemes for open-pollinating population cultivars 49 4.4.2 Backcrossing in open-pollinated population cultivar development 51 4.5 Developing synthetic cultivars 51 4.5.1 Seed production of a synthetic cultivar 53 4.6 Developing hybrid cultivars 53 4.6.1 Heterosis 55 4.6.2 Types of hybrid 58 4.6.3 Breeding system for F1 hybrid cultivars 58 4.6.4 Backcrossing in hybrid cultivar development 59 4.6.5 Hybrid seed production and cultivar release 60 4.7 Development of clonal cultivars 61 4.7.1 Outline of a potato breeding scheme 61 4.7.2 Time to develop clonal cultivars 62 4.7.3 Sexual reproduction in clonal crops 63 4.7.4 Maintaining disease-free parental lines and breeding selections 64 4.7.5 Seed increase of clonal cultivars 64 4.8 Developing apomictic cultivars 64 4.9 Summary 65 Think questions 65 5 Genetics and Plant Breeding 68 5.1 Introduction 68 5.2 Qualitative genetics 68 5.2.1 Genotype/phenotype relationships 70 5.2.2 Segregation of qualitative genes in diploid species 70 5.2.3 Qualitative loci linkage 72 5.2.4 Pleiotropy 76 5.2.5 Epistasis 76 5.2.6 Qualitative inheritance in tetraploid species 77 5.2.7 The chi-square test 79 5.2.8 Family size necessary in qualitative genetic studies 81 5.3 Quantitative genetics 82 5.3.1 The basis of continuous variation 82 5.3.2 Describing continuous variation 83 5.3.3 Relating quantitative genetics and the normal distribution 86 5.3.4 Quantitative genetics models 87 5.3.5 Testing the models 90 5.3.6 Quantitative trait loci 97 Think questions 101 6 Predictions 104 6.1 Introduction 104 6.1.1 Genotype × environment interactions 104 6.1.2 Genetically based predictions 105 6.2 Heritability 106 6.2.1 Broad-sense heritability 107 6.2.2 Narrow-sense heritability 108 6.2.3 Heritability from offspring – parent regression 109 6.3 Diallel crossing designs 110 6.3.1 Griffing’s analysis 111 6.3.2 Hayman and Jinks’ analysis 116 6.4 Cross prediction 119 Think questions 120 7 Selection 125 7.1 Introduction 125 7.2 What to select and when to select 125 7.2.1 Qualitative trait selection 126 7.2.2 Quantitative trait selection 126 7.2.3 Positive and negative selection 126 7.3 Response to selection 127 7.3.1 Association between traits or years 129 7.3.2 Heritability and its limitations 130 7.3.3 Methods of selection 131 7.3.4 Errors in selection 133 7.4 Applied selection 136 7.4.1 Number of genotypes in initial populations 136 7.4.2 Early generation selection 139 7.4.3 Intermediate generation selection 141 7.4.4 Advanced generation selection 143 7.4.5 Analysis of location trials 146 7.5 Cross prediction 151 7.5.1 Univariate cross prediction 152 7.5.2 Multivariate cross prediction 157 7.6 Parental selection 159 7.6.1 Phenotypic evaluation 160 7.6.2 Genotypic evaluation 160 7.6.3 Parental combinations 161 7.6.4 Germplasm collections 162 Think questions 163 8 Broadening the Genetic Basis 168 8.1 Induced mutations 168 8.1.1 Methods of increasing the frequency of mutation 169 8.1.2 Types of mutation 169 8.1.3 Plant parts to be treated 170 8.1.4 Dose rates 170 8.1.5 Dangers of using mutagens 171 8.1.6 Impact of mutation breeding 171 8.1.7 Practical applications 172 8.2 Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization 174 8.2.1 Characters introduced to crops from wild related species 174 8.2.2 Factors involved in interspecific or intergeneric hybridization 175 8.2.3 Post-fertilization 176 8.2.4 Hybrid sterility 176 8.2.5 Backcrossing 176 8.2.6 Increasing genetic diversity 177 8.2.7 Creating new species 177 8.3 Plant genetic transformation 177 8.3.1 A glimpse at the genetic transformation of plants 179 8.3.2 Some applications of genetic engineering to plant breeding 181 8.3.3 Cautions and related issues 183 Think questions 183 9 Contemporary Approaches in Plant Breeding 185 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Tissue culture 185 9.2.1 Doubled haploids 185 9.2.2 Some potential issues 186 9.2.3 In vitro multiplication 188 9.3 Molecular markers in plant breeding 188 9.3.1 Theory of using markers 188 9.3.2 Types of marker systems 190 9.3.3 Molecular markers 191 9.3.4 Uses of molecular markers in breeding programmes 192 9.3.5 Issues with markers 195 9.3.6 The increasing availability of genome sequences 195 Think questions 197 10 Practical Considerations 198 10.1 Introduction 198 10.2 Experimental design 198 10.2.1 Unreplicated designs 199 10.2.2 Randomized designs 201 10.2.3 The increasing role of linear mixed model approaches to analyse breeding data 203 10.3 Greenhouse management 204 10.3.1 Artificial hybridization 204 10.3.2 Seed and generation increases 206 10.3.3 Evaluation of breeding lines 206 10.3.4 Environmental control 207 10.3.5 Disease control 207 10.3.6 Economics 208 10.3.7 Experimental design in the glasshouse 209 10.4 Field plot techniques 209 10.4.1 Choice of land 209 10.4.2 Plot size and replication 211 10.4.3 Guard rows and discard rows 212 10.4.4 Machinery 212 10.5 Use of computers in plant breeding 214 10.5.1 Data storage and retrieval 215 10.5.2 Field plan design 217 10.5.3 Clerical operations 217 10.5.4 Data collection 217 10.5.5 Data analysis 218 10.5.6 Selection 219 10.5.7 Data transfer 220 10.5.8 Statistical consultation 220 10.5.9 Ease of use 220 10.6 Release of new cultivars 220 10.6.1 Information needed prior to cultivar release 221 10.6.2 Value in release 221 10.6.3 Cultivar names 222 Think questions 222 11 Current Developments in Plant Breeding 223 11.1 Intellectual property and ownership issues 223 11.1.1 Patents 223 11.2 The impact of biotechnology 225 11.3 The regulation of genetically modified plants 227 11.4 Plant breeding as a career 228 Further Reading 229 Suggested Answers to Think Questions 230 Index 271

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Book SynopsisOrganic Crop Breeding provides readers with a thorough review of the latest efforts by crop breeders and geneticists to develop improved varieties for organic production.Trade Review“The editors have done an excellent job in putting together a well-organized and informative book, which covers theory, practice, issues and the latest research.” (Experimental Agriculture, 4 October 2012)Table of ContentsContributors xiii Foreword xixWilliam F. Tracy Preface xxiEdith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers Acknowledgments xxiii Section 1 General Topics Related to Organic Plant Breeding 1 Chapter 1 Organic Crop Breeding: Integrating Organic Agricultural Approaches and Traditional and Modern Plant Breeding Methods 3Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and James R. Myers Introduction 3 How Different Are Organic Farming Systems? 4 Consequences for Cultivar Requirements 5 From Cultivar Evaluation to Organic Seed Production and Plant Breeding Programs 6 The History of Organic Crop Breeding in Europe and the United States 8 Perspectives and Challenges for Breeding for Organic Agriculture 11 Conclusion 12 References 12 Chapter 2 Nutrient Management in Organic Farming and Consequences for Direct and Indirect Selection Strategies 15Monika Messmer, Isabell Hildermann, Kristian Thorup-Kristensen, and Zed Rengel Introduction 15 Availability of Nutrients in Organic Farming 16 Roots: The Hidden Potential 17 Even Greater Complexity: Plant-Microbe-Soil Interactions 21 Importance of Selection Environments 27 Breeding Strategies 30 References 32 Chapter 3 Pest and Disease Management in Organic Farming: Implications and Inspirations for Plant Breeding 39Thomas F. Döring, Marco Pautasso, Martin S. Wolfe and Maria R. Finckh Introduction 39 Plant Protection in Organic Farming 42 Key Target Areas of Plant Breeding for Organic Plant Protection 46 Breeding Goals for Ecological Plant Protection 49 Plant Breeding Approaches Directly Targeting Pests or Diseases 50 Plant Breeding Approaches with Indirect Effects on Plant Health 53 Discussion and Conclusions 54 References 55 Chapter 4 Approaches to Breed for Improved Weed Suppression in Organically Grown Cereals 61Steve P. Hoad, Nils-Øve Bertholdsson, Daniel Neuhoff and Ulrich Köpke Background 61 Crop Competitiveness against Weeds 62 Crop Traits Involved in Weed Suppression 63 Selection of Traits and Their Evaluation in Plant Breeding Programs 64 Selection Strategies 68 Understanding Crop-Weed Interactions to Assist Plant Breeding 70 Concluding Remarks and Wider Perspectives 71 References 72 Chapter 5 Breeding for Genetically Diverse Populations: Variety Mixtures and Evolutionary Populations 77Julie C. Dawson and Isabelle Goldringer Introduction 77 Benefits of Genetic Diversity for Organic Agriculture 79 On-Farm Conservation of Useful Genetic Diversity 80 Breeding Strategies 81 Conclusion 94 References 94 Chapter 6 Centralized or Decentralized Breeding: The Potentials of Participatory Approaches for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture 99Dominique Desclaux, Salvatore Ceccarelli, John Navazio, Micaela Coley,Gilles Trouche, Silvio Aguirre, Eva Weltzien, and Jacques Lançon Introduction 99 Centralized and Decentralized Breeding: Definitions 100 What Can Be Decentralized in Breeding and Why? 100 Participatory Approaches 102 PPB: A Single Term Yielding Different Approaches 102 Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Southern Countries 106 Some Examples of PPB for Organic and Low Input Agriculture in Northern Countries 113 General Conclusions and Limits of PPB Approaches in Organic Farming 119 References 120 Chapter 7 Values and Principles in Organic Farming and Consequences for Breeding Approaches and Techniques 125Klaus P. Wilbois, Brian Baker, Maaike Raaijmakers and Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren Introduction 125 Arguments against Genetic Engineering 126 Organic Basic Principles 127 Toward Organic Breeding 130 From Values to Criteria: Evaluation of Breeding Techniques 131 How to Deal with Varieties Bred with Non-compliant Techniques? 132 Toward Appropriate Standards to Promote Organic Plant Breeding 135 Discussion and Challenges for Organic Plant Breeding 136 References 136 Chapter 8 Plant Breeding, Variety Release, and Seed Commercialization: Laws and Policies Applied to the Organic Sector 139Véronique Chable, Niels Louwaars, Kristina Hubbard, Brian Baker, and Riccardo Bocci Introduction 139 The Developments of Plant Breeding and the Emergence of Seed Laws 139 Variety Registration 142 Seed Quality Control and Certification 144 Special Needs for Organic Agriculture 146 A Recent Development in Europe: Conservation Varieties 148 Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Breeding 151 Discussion 154 Conclusions 156 Notes 156 References 157 Section 2 Organic Plant Breeding in Specific Crops 161 Chapter 9 Wheat: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems 163Matt Arterburn, Kevin Murphy, and Steve S. Jones Introduction 163 Methods 163 Traits for Selection in Organic Breeding Programs 168 A Case Study for EPB: Lexi’s Project 170 A Case Study for Breeding within a Supply Chain Approach: Peter Kunz and Sativa 171 Conclusion 171 References 172 Chapter 10 Maize: Breeding and Field Testing for Organic Farmers 175Walter A. Goldstein, Walter Schmidt, Henriette Burger, Monika Messmer, Linda M. Pollak, Margaret E. Smith, Major M. Goodman, Frank J. Kutka and Richard C. Pratt Introduction 175 What Kind of Maize do Organic Farmers Want? 175 Are There Viable Alternatives to Single Cross Hybrids? 176 Testing and Using Alternative Hybrids 178 Are There Benefits for Breeding under Organic Conditions? 178 For Which Traits Is It Necessary to Test under Organic Conditions? 179 Choice of Parents for Breeding Programs 181 Breeding Programs 182 Future Directions 186 Notes 186 References 188 Chapter 11 Rice: Crop Breeding Using Farmer-Led Participatory Plant Breeding 191Charito P. Medina Introduction 191 MASIPAG and Participatory Rice Breeding 192 Beyond PPB: Farmer-Led Rice Breeding 193 The Breeding Process 194 Outcomes of the MASIPAG Program 198 Outlook 200 References 201 Chapter 12 Soybean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems 203Johann Vollmann and Michelle Menken Introduction 203 Agronomic Characters 204 Seed Quality Features 208 Considerations on Breeding Methods 211 References 212 Chapter 13 Faba Bean: Breeding for Organic Farming Systems 215Wolfgang Link and Lamiae Ghaouti Purposes of Breeding and Growing Faba Bean 215 Genetic and Botanical Basics of Breeding Faba Bean 216 Methodological Considerations 218 Traits to Be Improved in Faba Bean Breeding 221 Open Questions, Need for Action 223 References 224 Chapter 14 Potato: Perspectives to Breed for an Organic Crop Ideotype 227Marjolein Tiemens-Hulscher, Edith T. Lammerts van Bueren and Ronald C.B. Hutten Introduction 227 Required Cultivar Characteristics 228 Introgression Breeding and Applied Techniques 232 Participatory Approach: An Example from the Netherlands 233 Outlook 234 References 234 Chapter 15 Tomato: Breeding for Improved Disease Resistance in Fresh Market and Home Garden Varieties 239Bernd Horneburg and James R. Myers Introduction 239 Botanical and Genetic Characteristics of Tomato 240 Rationale for Breeding Tomatoes within Organic Systems 240 Breeding Needs with Focus on Organic Production 243 Case Studies: Breeding for Late Blight Resistance in Europe and North America 245 Outlook 247 References 248 Chapter 16 Brassicas: Breeding Cole Crops for Organic Agriculture 251James R. Myers, Laurie McKenzie, and Roeland E. Voorrips Introduction 251 Rationale for Breeding within Organic Systems 251 Plant Biology 252 Traits Needed for Adaptation to Organic Production 253 Consideration of Breeding Methods 257 A Farmer Participatory Broccoli Breeding Program 258 Outlook 260 References 261 Chapter 17 Onions: Breeding Onions for Low-Input and Organic Agriculture 263Olga E. Scholten and Thomas W. Kuyper Introduction 263 Robust Onion Cultivars 264 Breeding for Improved Nutrient Acquisition 265 Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and Product Quality 269 Conclusion 270 References 271 Index 273

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Book SynopsisFungi and Lignocellulosic Biomass offers a comprehensive review of the use of fungi in efficient and cost-effective conversion of cellulosic biomass into fuel. Complete, up-to-date coverage ranges from the biochemical basis of cellulose degradation by fungi to the application of key fungal enzymes in the biofuel industry.Trade Review“Written by a leading researcher in the field, this book is a valuable tool for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals interested in advancing the development and production of biofuels.” (Redaktion Landtechnik, 1 March 2012)Table of ContentsPreface ix 1 The Plant Biomass 1 1.1 The Structure of Plant Cell Wall 1 1.2 Chemical and Physicochemical Properties of the Major Plant Cell Wall Constituents 3 1.2.1 Cellulose 3 1.2.2 Pectin 6 1.2.3 Hemicelluloses 8 1.2.4 Lignin 11 1.3 Abundant Sources of Carbohydrate Polymers and Their Monomer Composition 13 1.3.1 Agricultural Wastes 13 1.3.2 Forest Product Residues 14 1.3.3 Energy Crops 15 1.3.4 Weedy Lignocellulosic Substrates 15 1.4 Biosynthesis of Plant Cell Wall Polymers 16 1.4.1 Cellulose 16 1.4.2 Hemicellulose Biosynthesis 19 1.4.3 Pectin Biosynthesis 20 1.4.4 Lignin Biosynthesis 23 1.5 Strategies for Manipulating Wall Composition 26 1.5.1 Manipulation of Plant Cell Wall Polymer Composition 26 1.5.2 Manipulation of Plant Lignin Content 27 2 The Actors: Plant Biomass Degradation by Fungi 29 2.1 Ecological Perspectives 29 2.2 The Major Three Mechanisms of Lignocellulose Degradation by Fungi 30 2.2.1 White Rot 31 2.2.2 Brown Rot Fungi 35 2.2.3 Soft Rot Fungi 39 2.3 Plant Cell Wall Degradation by Plant Pathogenic Fungi 40 2.4 Anaerobic Fungi 41 3 The Tools—Part 1: Enzymology of Cellulose Degradation 45 3.1 General Properties and Classification of Enzymes That Hydrolyze Polysaccharides 45 3.2 Fungal Cellulolytic Enzymes 49 3.2.1 Cellulose-Binding Domains 52 3.2.2 Cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91) 55 3.2.3 Endo--1,4-Glucanases (EC 3.2.1.4) 58 3.2.4 -1,4-Glucosidases 64 3.3 Nonenzymatic Proteins Involved in Cellulose Hydrolysis 65 3.3.1 GH61 Proteins 65 3.3.2 Swollenin 67 4 The Tools—Part 2: Enzymology of Hemicellulose Degradation 69 4.1 Xyloglucan Hydrolysis 69 4.2 Degradation of the Xylan Backbone 72 4.2.1 GH10 Xylanases 73 4.2.2 GH11 Xylanase 75 4.2.3 GH30 Glucuronoxylan Xylanohydrolases 76 4.2.4 GH3 -Xylosidases 76 4.2.5 GH43 -Xylosidases 77 4.2.6 GH54 -Xylosidases 78 4.3 Degradation of the Galactomannan Backbone 78 4.4 Degradation of Pectin 80 4.4.1 Hydrolytic Pectin Degradation 80 4.4.2 Pectin Degradation by -Elimination 82 4.5 Accessory Glycoside Hydrolases for Hemicelluloses Degradation 84 4.5.1 Enzymes that Act on Arabinose-Containing Substituents 85 4.5.2 Enzymes that Act on Galactose-Containing Substituents 86 4.5.3 -Xylosidases 89 4.5.4 -Fucosidases 90 4.5.5 -Glucuronidases and Glucuronan Lyases 90 4.5.6 Accessory Hydrolases for Pectin Degradation 91 4.6 Other Accessory Enzymes 92 4.6.1 Feruloyl and p-Coumaroyl Esterases 92 4.6.2 Acetyl- and Methylesterases 93 4.6.3 Pectin Esterases 95 4.6.4 Glucuronoyl Esterases 95 5 The Tools—Part 3: Enzymology of Lignin Degradation 99 5.1 Lignin Peroxidase 101 5.2 Manganese Peroxidase 105 5.3 Versatile Peroxidase 108 5.4 Dye-Oxidizing Peroxidase 109 5.5 Laccases 110 5.6 Enzymes Generating Hydrogen Peroxide 115 5.6.1 Glyoxal Oxidase 115 5.6.2 Other FAD-Dependent Oxidases 116 5.7 Cellobiose Dehydrogenase 116 5.8 Enzymes Essential for Oxalic Acid Formation 117 5.9 Glycopeptides 118 6 Catabolic Pathways of Soluble Degradation Products from Plant Biomass 119 6.1 Uptake of Mono- and Oligosaccharides 119 6.2 Metabolism of D-Glucose and D-Mannose 121 6.3 Catabolism of D-Galactose 122 6.4 Catabolism of Pentoses 125 6.5 Catabolism of Hexuronic Acids 127 7 Regulation of Formation of Plant Biomass-Degrading Enzymes in Fungi 129 7.1 The Cellulase Inducer Enigma 129 7.2 Inducers for Hemicellulases 133 7.3 Transcriptional Regulation of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Expression 134 7.3.1 Activators of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Expression 135 7.3.2 Specific Repressors of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Expression 138 7.3.3 Wide Domain Regulators of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Transcription 138 7.3.4 Regulation of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Transcription at the Level of Genome Accessability 144 7.3.5 Signal Transduction to Cellulase and Hemicellulase Gene Expression 145 7.4 Regulation of Ligninase Gene Expression 146 8 The Fungal Secretory Pathways and Their Relation to Lignocellulose Degradation 149 8.1 The Fungal Secretory Pathway 149 8.1.1 It Starts at the Endoplasmic Reticulum 149 8.1.2 Quality Control in the ER 152 8.1.3 Golgi Apparatus 154 8.1.4 The Plasma Membrane 156 8.1.5 Vacuoles 158 8.2 Protein Glycosylation 159 8.2.1 N-Glycosylation 159 8.2.2 O-Glycan Synthesis 161 8.3 Strategies for Improvement of the Fungal Secretory Pathway 161 8.3.1 Folding and UPR 163 8.3.2 Engineering of Protein Glycosylation 163 9 Production of Cellulases and Hemicellulases by Fungi 165 9.1 Fungal Producer Strains 165 9.1.1 Trichoderma Reesei 165 9.1.2 Other Fungal Producer Strains 167 9.1.3 Thermophilic Fungi 169 9.2 Strain Improvement 170 9.2.1 Strain Breeding by Classical Mutagenesis 170 9.2.2 Strain Improvement by Targeted Gene Manipulation 171 9.2.3 Strain Improvement by Complementation with Heterologous Enzymes 176 9.2.4 Strain Improvement by Protein Engineering 179 9.3 Cellulase Production 180 9.3.1 Cellulase Fermentation 180 9.3.2 Cellulase Downstream Processing 182 10 Production of Fermentable Sugars from Lignocelluloses 185 10.1 Pretreatment Technologies 186 10.1.1 Physical Pretreatment 186 10.1.2 Chemical Pretreatment 186 10.1.3 Physicothermal Pretreatment 189 10.1.4 Solvent Treatment 191 10.1.5 Biological Pretreatment 193 10.1.6 Summarizing Considerations on Pretreatment 195 10.2 Hydrolysis 195 10.2.1 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 195 10.2.2 Chemical Hydrolysis 200 11 Lignocellulose Biorefinery 201 11.1 Ethanol 202 11.1.1 Yeast Strain Improvement 203 11.1.2 Alternatives to S. cerevisiae as an Ethanol Producer 210 11.1.3 Process Improvement 212 11.2 n-Butanol 212 11.3 Advanced Biofuel Alcohols 213 11.3.1 Isobutanol 213 11.3.2 Syngas 214 11.3.3 Fuels from Isoprenoid and Fatty Acid Pathways 215 11.4 Lactic Acid 215 11.5 Succinic Acid 217 11.6 Xylitol 222 11.7 1,3-Propanediol 222 11.8 Polyhydroxyalkanoate 223 11.9 Other Products 223 11.10 Refinement by Chemical Processes 225 11.10.1 Furfural 225 11.10.2 Levulinic Acid 225 11.10.3 Uses of Lignin 225 11.10.4 Extraction of Chemicals from Lignocelluloses Biomass 226 Acknowledgments 229 References 231 Index 285

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Book SynopsisThe latest information on applied topics in horticultural sciences. This book emphasizes applied topics including the production of fruits, vegetables, nut crops, and ornamental plants of commercial importance. Numerous references provide easy, time-saving and cost effective access to the primary literature.Table of ContentsPostpollination Flower Development (S. O'Neill & J.Nadeau). Speciality Mushrooms and Their Cultivation (D. Royse). Glucosinolates in Crop Plants (E. Rosa, et al.). Fruit Skin Splitting and Cracking (L. Opara, et al.). Origin and Dissemination of Cherry (M. Faust & D.Suranyi). Artemisia annua: Botany, Horticulture, Phamacology (J. Ferreira, etal.). Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum): Botany and Horticulture (P.Tetenyi). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisHere is a vital new source of need-to-know information for cotton industry professionals. Unlike other references that focus solely on growing the crop, this book also emphasizes the cotton industry as a whole, and includes material on the nature of cotton fibers and their processing; cotton standards and classification; and marketing strategies.Trade Review"This text is a remarkable, Scholarly work. In the preface it states that the author's aim is to provide the reader with an appreciation of cotton's rich history and understanding of current technology and a glimpse of its future. The book certainly makes a valiant effort to cover a wide range of subject concerning cotton." (E-Streams, Volume 4, no. 6 - June 2001)Table of ContentsORIGIN AND HISTORY. The Origin and Domestication of Cotton (C. Brubaker, et al.). Taxonomy and Gemplasm Resources (A. Percival, et al.). Develpoment of the World Cotton Industry (O. May & K.Lege). History of Cultivar Development in the United States (C. Smith, etal.). THE COTTON PLANT. Morphology and Anatomy of the Cotton Plant (D. Oosterhuis & J.Jernstedt). Physiology of the Cotton Plant (J. Cothren). Cotton Fiber Quality (C. Benedict, et al.). The Cotton Seed (N. Hopper & R. McDaniel). Qualitative Genetics (R. Percy & R. Kohel). Techniques for Development of New Cultivars (D. Calhoun & D.Bowman). Future Horizons: Biotechnology for Cotton Improvement (A. Paterson& R. Smith). PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTION HAZARDS. Production Statistics (C. Smith). Production Practices (J. Silvertooth, et al.). Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton ( B. Leonard, et al.). Diseases of Cotton (A. Bell). Cotton Nematodes (A. Robinson). Weeds and Their Control (C. Bryson, et al.). Cotton Marketing (C. Anderson). PROCESSING AND PRODUCTS. Ginning (W. Mayfield, et al.). Classing of Fiber (H. Ramey). The Spinning Process (H. Smith & R. Zhu). Yarn Preparation, Fabric Formation, and Finishing (J. Price, etal.). Cottonseed Processing (S. Gregory, et al.). Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisHorticultural Reviewspresents state-of-the-art reviews on topics in horticultural science and technology covering both basic and applied research. Topics covered include the horticulture of fruits, vegetables, nut crops, and ornamentals. These review articles, written by world authorities, bridge the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of horticultural scientists and teachers.Table of ContentsList of Contributors vii Dedication ix 1. Technologies for Nondestructive Quality Evaluation of Fruits and Vegetables 1Judith A. Abbott, Renfu Lu, Bruce 1. Upchurch, and Richard Stroshine 2. Texture of Fresh Fruit 121F. Roger Harker, Robert J. Redgwell, Ian C. Hallett, and Shona H. Murray 3. The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Plant ScienceMiklos Faust, Paul C. Wang, and John Moos 4. Postharvest Technology and Utilization of Almonds 267Mario Schirra Subject Index 313 Cumulative Subject Index 315 Cumulative Contributor Index 337

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. The emphasis is on methodology, understanding crop genetics, and applications to major crops.Table of ContentsDedication: Richard K. Downey, Designer of Canola (G. Rakow). Apomixis: Genetics and Breeding (Y. Savidan). DNA Methylation and Plant Breeding (A. Tsaftaris & A.Polidoros). Honeycomb Breeding: Principles and Applications (V. Fasoula &D. Fasoula). Genetic and Ecological Risks from Biotechnologically-DerivedHerbicide-Resistant Crops: Decision Trees for Risk Assessment (J.Gressel & T. Rotteveel). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis work presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Its emphasis is on methodology, understanding crop genetics, and applications to major crops.Table of ContentsDedication: John R. Laughnan, Maize Geneticist (D.Steffensen). Prediction in Plant Breeding (I. Goldman). The Case for Molecular Mapping in Forest Tree Breeding (R. Wu, etal.). Breeding for Disease Resistance in Potato (S. Jansky). Domestication, Historical Development, and Modern Breeding ofCarrot (P. Simon). Persimmon Genetics and Breeding (K. Yonemori, et al.). Genetic Resources and Breeding of Amaranthus (D. Brenner, etal.). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThis work presents reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. With emphasis on methodology, understanding crop genetics, and applications to major crops, it covers row crops, fruits, vegetables, nuts and trees grown for timber and pulp.Table of ContentsDedication: Normal Willison Simmonds: Plant Breeder, Teacher,Administrator (W. Spoor & F. England). The Origin of Maize: Evidence for Tripsacum Ancestry (M.Eubanks). History of Public Onion Breeding Programs in the United States (I.Goldman, et al.). Current and Future Issues in Lettuce Breeding (E. Ryder). Cactus Pear Domestication and Breeding (C. Jacobo). Somatic Hybridization and Applications in Plant Breeding (A.Johnson & R. Veilleux). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisYour all-in-one guide to corn.This bookprovides practical advice on planting techniques and rates, seed production, treating plant diseases, insect infestation and weeds, harvesting, processing, and worldwide utilization. This is the fourth, and final, volume in the series of comprehensive references on the major crops of the world. Covers new biotechnology techniques for plant breeding and pest management Provides practical advice on planting techniques and rates, seed production, treating plant diseases, insect infestation and weeds, harvesting, processing and worldwide utilization. Table of ContentsPreface. Contributors. SECTION I: ORIGIN, DOMESTICATION, AND HISTORY. Chapter 1.1:Corn, Strange and Marvelous: But Is a Definitive Origin Known? (Garrison Wilkes). Chapter 1.2: Changes in Performance, Parentage, and Genetic Diversity of Successful Corn Hybrids, 1930–2000 (Donald N. Duvick, J. S. C. Smith, and M. Cooper). Chapter 1.3: Germplasm Resources (Suketoshi Taba, Steve A. Eberhart, and Linda M. Pollak). Chapter 1.4: Persistent and Popular Germplasm in Seventy Centuries of Corn Evolution (A. Forrest Troyer). SECTION II: THE CORN PLANT. Chapter 2.1: Physiology of the Corn Plant (Mark E. Westgate, María E. Otegui, and Fernando H. Andrade). Chapter 2.2: The Corn Kernel (L. W. Rooney, C. M. McDonough, and R. D. Waniska). Chapter 2.3: Corn Breeding (F. Javier Betr´an, Marianne B¨anziger, and Mónica Menz). Chapter 2.4: Biotechnology: New Horizons (Shawn Kaeppler). Chapter 2.5: Cytogenetics of Corn (James A. Birchler, Donald L. Auger, and Akio Kato). SECTION III: PRODUCTION. Chapter 3.1: Production Statistics (Penelope J. Bebeli and C. Wayne Smith). Chapter 3.2 Corn Management (Dale R. Hicks and P. R. Thomison). Chapter 3.3 World Corn Production Practices (Joel K. Ransom, Robert J. Carsky, and A. F. E. Palmer). Chapter 3.4: Hybrid Corn Seed Production (David L. Beck). Chapter 3.5 Insect Control (TomA. Royer, Phillip E. Sloderbeck, Noel Troxclair, Jr., and Robert J. Wright). Chapter 3.6: Disease Control (Daniel P. Jeffers). Chapter 3.7: Weed Control (Robert J. Kremer). Chapter 3.8: Corn Marketing (Robert N. Wisner and E. Dean Baldwin). SECTION IV: PRODUCT PROCESSING. Chapter 4.1: Harvest and Harvest Equipment (Graeme R. Quick). Chapter 4.2: On-Farm Handling, Storage, and Quality (Dirk E. Maier). Chapter 4.3 Corn Processing and Products (Frank T. Orthoefer and J. Eastman). Chapter 4.4 Specialty Corns (Arnel R. Hallauer). Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents the review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops. These articles perform the function of collecting, comparing, and contrasting the primary journal literature in order to form an overview of the topic.Table of ContentsContributors. 1. Dedication: Dirk R. Vuylsteke, Musa Scientistand Humanitarian (Rodomiro Ortiz). I. Biographical Sketch. II. Research Achievement. III. The Man. 2. Epistasis and Plant Breeding (James B. Holland). I. Introduction. II. Gene Action and Statistical Effects. III. Epistasis and Molecular Interactions. IV. Complex Molecular Interactions Underlie QuantitativePhenotypes (Sometimes). V. Biometrical Evidence for Epistasis. VI. Evidence for Epistasis from Plant Evolution Studies. VII. Molecular Marker Investigations of Epistasis. VIII. Why Is There More Evidence for Epistasis from QTLExperiments than from Biometrical Studies? IX. Implications of Epistasis for Plant Breeding. Literature Cited. 3. Origin, History, and Genetic Improvementof the Snap Pea (Pisum sativum L.) (James R. Myers, James R. Baggett, and Calvin Lamborn). I. Introduction. II. Genetics of Snap Peas. III. Breeding Objectives. IV. Breeding Methods. V. Traits of Special Concern. VI. Molecular Markers and Transformation. VII. Future Prospects. Literature Cited. 4. Strawberry Biotechnology (Stan C. Hokanson and John L. Maas). I. Development of the Modern Strawberry. II. Genetic Fingerprinting and Gene Tagging. III. Mapping. IV. In Vitro Biology, Genetic Transformation,and Gene Cloning. V. Future Prospects. Literature Cited. 5. Contributions of DNA Molecular MarkerTechnologies to the Genetics and Breedingof Wheat and Barley (Robert M. D. Koebner, Wayne Powell,and Paolo Donini). I. Introduction. II. Molecular Markers in Genetic DiversityStudies in Wheat and Barley. III. Molecular Markers for Cultivar Identification. IV. Marker Assisted Selection. V. Marker-Based Genotyping in Crop Breedingand Genetics. VI. The Future of Molecular Genotyping in CropBreeding and Genetics. Literature Cited. 6. Diversity in Landraces of Cereal and Legume Crops (Awegechew Teshome, A. H. D. Brown, and T. Hodgkin). I. Introduction. II. Geographic Divergence. III. Factors Affecting Diversity. IV. Conclusions. Literature Cited. 7. Production and Evaluation of Hybrid Soybean (R. G. Palmer, J. Gai, H. Sun, and J. W. Burton). I. Introduction. II. Flower Morphology and Pollination. III. Insect-Mediated Cross-Pollination. IV. Male Sterility. V. Male Sterility as a Tool in Plant Breeding. VI. Heterosis in Soybean. VII. Discussion and Summary. Literature Cited. Subject Index. Cumulative Subject Index. Cumulative Contributor Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents state-of-the-art overviews on topics relating to the breeding of agriculturally and horticulturally important plants. This text monitors developments in plant breeding research and covers major field crops, horticultural crops and specialities such as mushrooms and nuts.Table of ContentsDedication: Donald N. Duvick, Maize Breeder, Geneticist, andAdministrator (A. Hallauer). Comparative Mapping of Plant Phenotypes (A. Paterson). Plant Antifungal Proteins (D.-J. Yun, et al.). Competitive Ability and Plant Breeding (D. Fasoula & V.Fasoula). Recurrent Selection Methods Based on Evaluation-cum-RecombinationBlock (S. Vasal, et al.). Utilization of Exotic Maize Germplasm (J. Parra & A.Hallauer). History, Genetics, and Breeding of Supersweet (shrunken2) SweetCorn (W. Tracy). Breeding Wild Rice (A. Grombacher, et al.). Plantain Improvement (D. Vuylsteke, et al.). Chrysanthemum Systematics, Genetics, and Breeding (M. Boase, etal.). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews is an ongoing series presenting state-of-the art review articles on research in plant genetics, especially the breeding of commercially important crops. Articles perform the valuable function of collecting, comparing, and contrasting the primary journal literature in order to form an overview of the topic. This detailed analysis bridges the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of plant scientists.Table of ContentsDedication: Arlen D. Draper: Blueberry Wizard (J. Hancock & G.Galletta). Genetic Markers and Plant Genetic Resource Management (P. Bretting& M. Widrlechner). Honeycomb Selection Designs (A. Fasoulas & V. Fasoula). Breeding for Negatively Associated Traits (W. Yan & D.Wallace). Long-Term Pollen Storage (W. Hanna & L. Towill). Inbreeding Depression in Alfalfa and Cross-Pollinated Crops (J.Jones & E. Bingham). Cereal Transformation Through Particle Bombardment (A. Casas, etal.). Breeding Perennial Rye (R. Reimann-Philipp). Genetics of Wheat-Rust Interaction (R. Sawhney). Origin, Evolution, and Breeding of Grapefruit (F. Gmitter). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per year.Table of ContentsDedication: Robert W. Allard, Population Geneticist and Agronomist(M. Clegg). Bacillus Thuringiensis and Its Use as a Biological Insecticide (A.Aronson). Development of Virus Resistant Plants via Engineering (R.Grumet). Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Plant Breeding (A. Hall, etal.). In Vitro Adaptation for Drought and Cold Hardiness in Wheat (G.Galiba). The Ideotype Concept and the Genetic Improvement of Tree Crops (D.Dickmann, et al.). Application of DNA Markers for Identification and Breeding ofPerennial Fruit Crops (U. Lavi, et al.). Heterosis in Plant Breeding (C. Stuber). Breeding of Seed-Planted Artichoke (J. Basnizki & D.Zohary). Concepts and Methods for Analyzing Regional Trial Data for Cultivarand Location Selection (C. Lin & M. Binns). Indexes.

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Book SynopsisPlant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops. It is a serial title that appears in the form of one or two volumes per yearTable of ContentsDedication: John H. Weinberger--Fruit Breeder and Horticulturalist(D. Ramming & C. Fear). Reproductive Barriers: Identification, Uses, and Circumvention (B.Liedl & N. Anderson). Advances in Achieving the Needs for Biotechnologically-DerivedHerbicide Resistant Crops (J. Gressel). Another Culture of Maize (Y. Wan & J. Widholm). An Effective Wheat Gene Manipulation System: Problems and Uses (J.Gustafson & E. Sears). Molecular Biology and Wheat Improvement (L. Talbert). Breeding Systems for Cross-Pollinated Perennial Grasses (K. Vogel& J. Pedersen). Molecular Genetic Analysis of Nodulation Genes in Soybean (P.Gresshoff). Indexes.

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