Medical toxicology Books

Book SynopsisShortlisted for the BMA Book Awards and Macavity Awards 2016Fourteen novels. Fourteen poisons. Just because it''s fiction doesn't mean it''s all made-up ...Agatha Christie revelled in the use of poison to kill off unfortunate victims in her books; indeed, she employed it more than any other murder method, with the poison itself often being a central part of the novel. Her choice of deadly substances was far from random the characteristics of each often provide vital clues to the discovery of the murderer. With gunshots or stabbings the cause of death is obvious, but this is not the case with poisons. How is it that some compounds prove so deadly, and in such tiny amounts?Christie''s extensive chemical knowledge provides the backdrop for A is for Arsenic, in which Kathryn Harkup investigates the poisons used by the murderer in fourteen classic Agatha Christie mysteries. It looks at why certain chemicals kill, how they interact with the boTrade ReviewA is for Arsenic: The Poisons of Agatha Christie has lethal charm. Harkup leads every chapter with a literary quote, then proceeds to tell us what the poison is, how and under what circumstances it kills, some real-life instances of its use and what role it plays in the Christie plot ... good fun. * The Washington Post *This book is fascinating, and anyone who is interested in the myriad painful and unpleasant ways in which people can be killed will relish it. * The Times *Harkup superbly captures the texture of Christie's books, the sunshine and the surreptitious villainy. * Daily Mail *A cracking compendium of Christie's poisonings ... A Is For Arsenic will appeal to any fan of Christie's work, but as a potted history of poisons, antidotes and medicines it has much wider reach than that. * BBC Focus *Fact and fun packed, A is for Arsenic looks at why certain chemicals kill, how they interact with th body, and the feasibility of obtaining, administering and detecting these poisons. * Agatha Christie Website *An enjoyable, alphabetical overview of the renowned mystery writer's frequent weapon of choice. * Washington Independent Review of Books *A knockout analysis of poisons used in Christie's novels and short stories … Each chapter gives riveting information on the poison's chemical makeup, how it kills, whether there's an antidote, its history and its use in Christie's works and in real life ... This is an absolutely bravura chemical compound. * Booklist *If you are coming to Agatha Christie's work for the first time, an avid fan, have an interest in crime or toxicology, or just like being taken on an adventure through time, A is for Arsenic is a must read. * Chemistry World *A killing read that combines scientific expertise with fan-based knowledge. * Saga *Table of Contents1. Dame Agatha’s Deadly Dispensary 2. A is for Arsenic – Murder is Easy 3. B is for Belladonna – The Labours of Hercules 4. C is for Cyanide – Sparkling Cyanide 5. D is for Digitalis – Appointment with Death 6. E is for Eserine – Crooked House 7. H is for Hemlock – Five Little Pigs 8. M is for Monkshood – 4:50 from Paddington 9. N is for Nicotine – Three Act Tragedy 10. O is for Opium – Sad Cypress 11. P is for Phosphorus – Dumb Witness 12. R is for Ricin – Partners in Crime 13. S is for Strychnine – The Mysterious Affair at Styles 14. T is for Thallium – The Pale Horse 15. V is for Veranol – Lord Edgware Dies Appendix Glossary Bibliography

Read more less

Book SynopsisNamed a ‘Best Book of the Year’ by Kirkus Reviews ‘Urgent and eye-opening, the book serves as a loud-and-clear alarm.’ – The Boston Globe From an MIT scientist, mounting evidence that the active ingredient in the world’s most commonly used weedkiller is contributing to skyrocketing rates of chronic disease. Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup, the most commonly used weedkiller in the world. Over 300 million pounds of glyphosate-based herbicide are sprayed on farms – and food – every year. Agrochemical companies claim that glyphosate is safe for humans, animals and the environment. But emerging scientific research on glyphosate’s deadly disruption of the gut microbiome, its crippling effect on protein synthesis and its impact on the body’s ability to use and transport sulfur – not to mention several landmark legal cases – tells a very different story. In Toxic Legacy, senior research scientist Stephanie Seneff, PhD, delivers compelling evidence based on countless published, peer-reviewed studies – all in frank, illuminating and always accessible language. As Rachel Carson did with DDT in the 1960’s with Silent Spring, Seneff sounds the alarm on glyphosate, giving you guidance on simple changes you can make right now and essential information you need to protect your health, your family’s health and the planet on which we all depend. ‘A game-changer that we would be foolish to ignore.’ – Kirkus Reviews (starred) ‘Toxic Legacy will stand shoulder to shoulder with Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring. [This is] unquestionably, one of the most important books of our time.’ – David Perlmutter, MD, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Grain Brain ‘Dr. Seneff’s work will change the way we all think about food.’ – Mark Hyman, MD, New York Times bestselling authorTrade Review“Toxic Legacy is a bold and heroic work that reveals how today’s most well-respected science confirms the existential threat posed by the herbicide glyphosate. Dr. Seneff courageously defends her position in the face of seemingly insurmountable opposition from industry at every turn. And for this we owe her incalculable gratitude. Toxic Legacy will stand shoulder to shoulder with Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, not just defining the pervasive threat to us and future generations, but more importantly, articulating what we can do right now to change our destiny. Unquestionably, one of the most important books of our time.”—David Perlmutter, MD, #1 New York Times bestselling author of Grain Brain and Brain Wash“A highly readable, fascinating look at how man-made chemicals invade the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat. Toxic Legacy is both a scientific exposé and an inspiring call to action. In revealing the diabolical mechanisms by which glyphosate damages human health, Dr. Seneff’s work will change the way we all think about food.”—Mark Hyman, MD, founder and director, The UltraWellness Center; Head of Strategy and Innovation, Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine; and a thirteen-time New York Times bestselling author“Anyone who wants to understand a root cause of the massive epidemics of chronic diseases we are experiencing—from autism to non-alcoholic fatty liver and 30+ other devastating diseases rampant in today’s society—can find the answers in Toxic Legacy. Dr. Seneff is to be complimented in her comprehensive, in-depth connection of the dots from glyphosate through the myriad biochemical and physiological processes altered, to the tragic consequences from the indiscriminate application of the Roundup and other glyphosate-based herbicides. The complex chemical perturbations are presented in an easily-understood manner, and the systems are well documented. Her ‘relaxed’ writing style makes for easy reading and ready comprehension of this important information.”—Don M. Huber, professor emeritus, Purdue University and retired colonel, US Army, Medical Intel“Dr. Seneff is a senior scientist at MIT. She not only understands molecular biology at a deep level but also has the unique ability to translate extremely complex technical concepts into easy-to-understand language. This is a must-read book to help you comprehend one of the most significant toxic threats unleashed on the world. Toxic Legacy is the modern-day equivalent of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring from 1962—one of the greatest science books of all time.”—Dr. Joseph Mercola, founder, mercola.com, the most visited natural health site for eighteen years“Monsanto knew for decades that glyphosate causes cancer and a deadly retinue of other devastating illnesses. Instead of warning its customers and consumers about those risks, Monsanto manipulated the science, defrauded regulators, bribed prominent researchers, transformed the EPA pesticide division into a cesspool of corruption, and promoted propaganda worldwide, systematically lying to the public that the deadly pesticide was safe. This company injured public health, destroyed our soils, exterminated species, wiped out small farmers, and deprived the public of their fundamental civil right of informed consent. Monsanto made a special project of discrediting and destroying scientists, advocates, and reformers who exposed its corrupt cover-up. Among the most prominent of these was heroic MIT researcher Dr. Stephanie Seneff. In 2018, I was fortunate enough to be a part of the legal team that finally brought Monsanto to justice. We relied heavily on Dr. Seneff’s research to achieve this victory.”—Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.“Glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup) and the other toxic chemicals and GMOs of industrial agriculture are the primary drivers of the chronic disease epidemic that has degenerated public health and the environment. Until we drive these poisons off the market and make the transition to organic and regenerative farming practices, our health, the health of our children, and the health of the planet are at risk. Glyphosate is the DDT of the twenty-first century, and Toxic Legacy is essential reading for everyone who cares about food and health.”—Ronnie Cummins, Organic Consumers Association; author of Grassroots Rising“Seneff takes us on a shocking biochemical journey through the deleterious effects of glyphosate on the environment and humans. The author clearly explains the ever-growing body of scientific evidence of the insidious consequences of its continued, massive application across the world. As Seneff shows, the herbicide is the common denominator to a swath of environmental and human health problems, from obesity to autism to toad die-offs. The herbicide disrupts the uptake of minerals by plants and kills the bacteria, fungi, and other organisms that have symbiotic relationships with plants for mutual health. The direct effect on humans is dire, as glyphosate damages the gut microorganisms our bodies use to synthesize the amino acids that build body proteins. This affects everything from liver and kidney functions to fertility and autoimmunity. Seneff is precise about the biochemistry involved, but she is a genial, attentive guide. “I know this is technical but stay with me,” she writes. When she ventures into new, even controversial work, she is diligent in her analysis but candid about such territory: ‘I propose . . . ,’ ‘may be damaging . . . ,’ ‘Autism is not due to glyphosate exposure alone. . . .’ The two most salient—and devastating—points that Seneff highlights: First, glyphosate, which shows up in our soil, water, and even air, is disturbingly pervasive . . . ubiquitous . . . ‘nearly impossible for even the most diligent person to avoid.’ Second, the agricultural industry, taking a page from the tobacco industry’s playbook, does everything it can to hide the dangers: Monsanto and other companies censor research and proliferate junk science, raking in profits by turning a blind eye to the chronic illnesses resulting from glyphosate use. Comparisons will be made to Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring—and they should be. We can only hope Seneff’s work goes on to rival Carson’s in reach and impact.”—Kirkus Reviews (starred)“At last, a scientist with impeccable credentials has painstakingly assembled, categorized, and presented the growing body of evidence that highlights the negative impacts of the most widely used pesticide in the world. “Stephanie’s forensic analysis demonstrates beyond reasonable doubt that the use of Roundup and its active ingredient glyphosate is not only poisoning the planet but also its human population. “Everyone should read this book. It’s about our future health and the health of the planet. What issue could be more important than that? As an organization that has been highlighting these potential harms for more than a decade, The Sustainable Food Trust hopes that this milestone publication gets the publicity it needs and deserves.”—Patrick Holden, founder and chief executive, Sustainable Food Trust“Stephanie Seneff’s Toxic Legacy continues on the path laid by Rachel Carson in Silent Spring. Seneff provides the scientific evidence of how, by disrupting our bodies’ metabolic pathways, glyphosate is at the root of multiple metabolic, neurological, autoimmune diseases that have taken epidemic form. More significantly, Seneff’s book introduces us to the complex, sophisticated, metabolic processes of life, from the soil to our gut microbiome. It is a book for governments who want to ban glyphosate. It is a book for every citizen who seeks to regenerate the health of the planet and people.”—Dr. Vandana Shiva, director, Navdanya; coauthor of Oneness vs. the 1%“There is nothing more important than the health of our current and future generations. There is nothing more costly than jeopardizing the physical and mental health of generations of our populations. Without our health, we cannot effectively combat climate change, homelessness, poverty, racial injustice, addiction, or other daunting issues. This book unlocks why we should and how we can resolve a myriad of skyrocketing health issues plaguing society. If heeded, the result of banning glyphosate would put us in the direction of recovering our health and the future of human life on this planet.”—Zen Honeycutt, founding executive director, Moms Across America“Dr. Stephanie Seneff, established and out-of-the-box critical thinker/researcher, lays down the foundation of our understanding of the toxicity from glyphosate, in a clear and concise format, from the practical to the molecular mechanisms on how glyphosate does harm. Although Dr. Seneff leans heavily on the biochemical basis of glyphosate’s modes of action, her information is understandable and carefully cited for the more investigative readers. She carefully describes the blueprint for the myriad of chronic diseases now prevalent globally and how they are created around the ubiquitous glyphosate. Her book is not only an analytic reference treasure, but a call to action to denounce and reverse our self-imposed toxic legacy.”—Michelle Perro, MD; coauthor of What’s Making our Children Sick?; executive director and cofounder, GMO Science“While I’d always intuited that glyphosate exposure—with all of its other deleterious effects—is a contributor to the stark rise in autoimmunity, Dr. Seneff presents unequivocal evidence of this truth.”—Jill McLaughlin (Grunewald), HNC, FMCHC, bestselling author of The Essential Thyroid Cookbook“I’ve long been impressed with Dr. Stephanie Seneff’s published work on neurological damage, environmental toxins, and chronic disease. She’s a brave and meticulous scientific researcher. She’s also one of the smartest people I know.”—Paul Thomas, MD, #1 Amazon bestselling author of The Vaccine-Friendly Plan and The Addiction Spectrum“For the last decade, while ‘science’ and ‘health’ journalists were gleefully content to repeat the limited corporate talking points about glyphosate’s safety, Dr. Seneff was on the hunt for deeper truths. Toxic Legacy may be one of the most important literary journeys, weaving in a bounty of irrefutable evidence, essential science, and the personal journey of one of the most treasured scientific researchers of our time.”—Jefferey Jaxen, investigative health reporter“Stephanie Seneff is one of the most important, original, and brilliant scientific researchers of our time.”—Jennifer Margulis, PhD, award-winning journalist and author “Dr. Stephanie Seneff’s deep dive into the science of glyphosate helps us as consumers make choices that protect ourselves, our families, and the environment.”—Kate Hanley, author of How to Be a Better Person and host, How to Be a Better Person podcast“Glyphosate has become a bit like sugar, used by everyone for everything, everywhere. It has spread, largely invisibly, across farms and gardens and parks and so, too, into our food, bodies, and lives. This book lays out, in expert technical detail by a scientist with huge and broad knowledge, what this ubiquitous and ‘uniquely diabolical’ chemical and its formulations could be doing. And how the deeply worrying, chronic consequences this may have for our health are only being recognized—from affecting our critically important gut microbes to causing hormone disruption and DNA damage. It’s also an intriguing, if complex, lesson on the dense web of interconnected bodily functions, structures, enzymes, and chemicals. Glyphosate has also allowed a kind of sterilization of farming with even wider consequences for the ecosystems on which we all depend. Dr. Seneff shows clearly how we need to act fast to curb its use and so change our diets, our green spaces, and how we farm.”—Vicki Hird, MSc, FRES, food and environmental writer and campaigner; author of Rebugging the Planet “I am so thankful for Stephanie Seneff’s work, which is invaluable in protecting the health of generations to come. I did a toxin screen on my three children a few years back and found they were all high in glyphosate even though we used organic products for our home and garden and tried our best to eat organic food! Dr. Seneff’s work is spreading much-needed awareness so our children and our children’s children can grow up less toxic.”—Cammy Benton, MD, founder, Benton Integrative Medicine“It’s crucial we all understand the harm environmental toxins are doing to people and the planet. Like Rachel Carson who blew the whistle in her book Silent Spring, Stephanie Seneff is educating us about current poisons. There’s no question in my mind that she is the scientist to help us open our eyes.”—Vera Sharav, president, Alliance for Human Research Protection and Holocaust survivor

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe outbreak of the “Minamata Disease” in 1950s Japan remains one of the most horrific examples of environmental poisoning in history. Based on primary documents and interviews, this book describes responses to this incidence of mercury poisoning, focusing on the efforts of its victims and their supporters to secure redress.Trade ReviewThis is the first account, in any language, which covers the controversies surrounding the infamous mercury poisoning in Minamata in southern Kyushu over the time frame of ninety years, from the founding of the factory which caused the pollution, up to the settlement for compensation reached in 1995… George’s monograph provides an excellent point of departure for further inquiries. -- Anja Osiander * Social Science Journal *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second edition of Clarke's Analytical Forensic Toxicology offers a fresh perspective on the drugs and poisons that you are most likely to encounter in forensic toxicology, with a focus on collection, extraction and analysis.Trade Review"...a useful reference for students both undergraduate and postgraduate, as well as toxicologists who are relatively new to this discipline...There are many chapters from experienced toxicologists (many who are familiar to us) and the book is well structured and follows a consistent approach to understanding the essentials of forensic toxicology...There is a comprehensive number of chapters on techniques (extraction and analysis) and the major chromatographic approaches are covered well by recognised authors with considerable expertise...So if you have the 4th edition of Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons would you also buy this volume as well? Yes I would because the book is geared to a more novice readership - students, researchers and inexperienced toxicologists." Dimitri Gerostamoulos, TIAFT Bulletin 43(2), July 2013. -- Dimitri Gerostamoulos * TIAFT Bulletin *"This new edition is based on content in volume 1 of Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons, and modified for student use...this volume is full of useful information that will allow students to become familiar with the field. Summing up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and graduate students." J. Allison, The College of New Jersey, CHOICE (51:3) November 2013. -- J. Allison * CHOICE *Table of Contents1. Introduction to Forensic Toxicology 2. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism 3. Drugs of Abuse 4. Other Poisons 5. Workplace Drug Testing 6. Alternative Specimens 7. Postmortem Toxicology 8. Clinical Toxicology 9. Drug Abuse in Sport 10. Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault 11. Alcohol, Drugs and Driving 12. Forensic Chemistry & Solid Dosage Form Identification 13. Sampling, Storage and Stability 14. Extraction 15. Colour Tests and Thin-Layer Chromatography 16. Immunoassays 17. Ultraviolet, Visible and Fluorescence Spectrophotometry 18. Infrared Spectroscopy 19. Gas Chromatography 20. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 21. Mass Spectrometry 22. Quality Control and Assessment

Read more less

Book SynopsisDerived from the definitive guide to medical toxicology, this hands-on companion provides accurate information for diagnosing and treating poisoned patients on the spotA Doody's Core Title for 2024!After more than a decade on the market, Goldfrankâs Toxicologic Emergencies has established itself as the go-to reference for medical toxicologyâand this companion manual distills the most important information into a portable, easy-to-navigate resource.Goldfrankâs Manual of Toxicologic Emergencies distills critical information into short summaries and synopses, so you can use it to treat patients in clinical settings or for quick review of critical topics. Fully updated to ensure all information is completely current, this new edition is filled with tables, figures, images, and other visuals to make finding the right answers quick and easy. Each chapter is a direct distillation of the corresponding chapter in Goldfrankâs Toxicologic EmeTable of ContentsThe table of contents (below) will mirror the main text, both for completeness and ease of cross-referencing. Historical Principles and Perspectives Toxicologic Misfortunes and Catastrophes in History PART A THE GENERAL APPROACH TO THE PATIENT Initial Evaluation of the Patient: Vital Signs and Toxic Syndromes Principles of Managing the Acutely Poisoned or Overdosed Patient SC1. Principles of Antidote Stocking Decontamination Principles: Prevention of Gastrointestinal Absorption SC2. Decontamination Principles: Prevention of Dermal, ophthalmic and inhalational Absorption A1. Activated Charcoal A2. Whole-Bowel Irrigation and Other Intestinal Evacuants Principles and Techniques Applied to Enhance Elimination Laboratory Principles Principles of Diagnostic Imaging Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Principles PART B THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF MEDICALTOXICOLOGY SECTION I BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CONCEPTS Chemical Principles Biochemical and Metabolic Principles Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Principles Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators Withdrawal Principles SECTION IIPATHOPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS: ORGAN SYSTEMS Cardiologic Principles I: Electrophysiologic and Electrocardiographic Principles Cardiologic Principles II: Hemodynamics Dermatologic Principles SC3. Transdermal Toxicology Gastrointestinal Principles Genitourinary Principles Hematologic Principles Hepatic Principles Neurologic Principles Oncologic Principles Ophthalmic Principles Otolaryngologic Principles Psychiatric Principles SC4. patient violence Respiratory Principles Thermoregulatory Principles SECTION IIISPECIAL POPULATIONS Reproductive and Perinatal Principles Pediatric Principles Geriatric Principles PART C THE CLINICAL BASIS OF MEDICAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION I A. ANALGESICS AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY MEDICATIONS Acetaminophen A3. N-Acetylcysteine Colchicine, Podophyllin, and the Vinca Alkaloids Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Opioids A4. Opioid antagonists SC5. Internal Concealment of Xenobiotics SC6. Harm Reduction for Opioid Overdose Salicylates A5. Sodium bicarbonate B. Food, Diet, and Nutrition Botulism A6. botulinum antitoxin Food Poisoning Dieting Xenobiotics and Regimens Athletic Performance Enhancers Essential Oils Plantand Animal-Derived Dietary Supplements Vitamins Iron A7. deferoxamineC. pharmaceuticals Pharmaceutical Additives Antidiabetics and Hypoglycemics/Antiglycemics A8. Dextrose(d-Glucose) A9. octreotide Antiepileptics A10. l-carnitine Antihistamines and Decongestants A11. physostigmine salicylate Chemotherapeutics Methotrexate,5-Flourouracil, and Capecitabine A12. folates :leucovorin (Folinic acid) and Folic Acid A13. glucarpidase(carboxypeptidase g2) A14. uridine triacetate SC7. Inadvertent Intrathecal Administration of Xenobiotics SC8. Extravasation of Chemotherapeutics Antimigraine Medications Thyroidand Antithyroid Medications D. Antimicrobials Antibacterials, Antifungals, and Antivirals Antimalarials Antituberculous Medications A15. pyridoxine E. Cardiopulmonary Medications CASE STUDY 4 Antidysrhythmics A16. Magnesium Sulfate Antithrombotics A17. Protein Complex Concentrate and Novel Antithrombotic Antidotes A18. Vitamin k1 A19. protamine β-Adrenergic Antagonists A20. Glucagon

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"Many chapters on topics not covered in any previous books are provided, such as target organ toxicity, radiation and radioactive materials, FDA regulatory issues, and ethics in veterinary toxicology. Completely revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field, including new toxins, methods and regions, this book is an essential resource for advanced students and researchers in toxicology, practicing veterinary toxicologists, poison control centers, marine biologists, environmentalists and animal scientists." --Veterinarska StanicaTable of ContentsSection I: GeneralSection II: Organ ToxicitySection III: Nanoparticles, Radiation and CarcinogensSection IV: Drugs of Use and AbuseSection V: Metals and MicronutrientsSection VI: Insecticides and MolluscicidesSection VII: Herbicides and FungicidesSection VIII: Rodenticides and AvicidesSection IX: Gases, Solvents and Other Industrial ToxicantsSection X: Environmental ToxicologySection XI: Bacterial and Cyanobacterial ToxinsSection XII: Poisonous and Venomous OrganismsSection XIII: Estrogenic ToxicantsSection XIV: Poisonous PlantsSection XV: MycotoxinsSection XVI: Feed and Water ContaminantsSection XVII: Diagnostic ToxicologySection XVIII: Prevention and Treatment

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPART 1. Legacy and emerging contaminants in marine mammal populations 1. Organochlorine contaminants and reproductive implication in cetaceans: A case study of the common dolphin 2. Feeding ecology tools to assess contaminant exposure in coastal mammals 3. The toxicological effects of oil exposure on cetaceans 4. Legacy contamination in estuarine dolphin species from the South American coast 5. Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Marine Mammals 6. Marine debris interaction with marine mammals 7. Persistent organic pollutants in cetaceans living in a hotspot area: the Mediterranean sea 8. Pollutants in tropical marine mammals of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: An Ecotoxicological Quest to the Last Eden PART 2. Effects of toxicological and cumulative stress on marine mammal health 9. Field sampling techniques and ecotoxicological Biomarkers in cetaceans 10. Ecotoxicological biomarkers and accumulation of contaminants in pinnipeds 11. New technologies for monitoring marine mammal health 12. Immunotoxic effects of environmental pollutants in marine mammals 13. Ecotoxicological stress in Arctic marine mammals - with particular focus on polar bears 14. Toxicological Risks and Considerations Associated with Lipophilic Contaminant Burdens of Mysticetes in Antarctic Ecosystems 15. Emerging pathogens and stress syndromes of cetaceans in European waters: cumulative effects 16. Ecotoxicology of the Sirenia in the Twenty-First Century PART 3. Implication for monitoring and conservation of marine mammals 17. Marine mammals and multiple stressors, implications for conservation and policy

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart I. Toxicity Testing Models and Biomarkers1. Introduction2. Rodent Models for Toxicity Testing and Biomarkers3. The Göttingen Minipig as large animal model in toxicology4. Nonhuman primates in preclinical research5. Biomarkers of toxicity in zebrafish6. Mechanistic Toxicology Biomarkers in Caenorhabditis elegans7. Drosophila melanogaster, Eisenia fetida, and Daphnia magna for toxicity testing and Biomarkers 8. Alternative animal toxicity testing and biomarkers9. Adverse outcome pathways and biomarkers Part II. Systems Toxicity Biomarkers10. Central nervous system toxicity biomarkers11. Peripheral nervous system toxicity biomarkers12. Cardiovascular toxicity biomarkers13. Respiratory toxicity biomarkers14. Hepatic toxicity biomarkers15. Conventional and emerging renal biomarkers16. Gastrointestinal toxicity biomarkers17. Reproductive toxicity biomarkers18. Biomarkers of toxicity in human placenta19. Early Biomarkers of Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis20. Skeletal muscle toxicity biomarkers21. Ocular biomarkers in diseases and toxicities22. Biomarkers of Ototoxicity23. Blood and bone marrow toxicity biomarkers24. Immunotoxicity biomarkers Part III. Chemical Agents, Solvents and Gases Toxicity Biomarkers25. Bisphenol A (BPA) Biomarkers and Biomonitoring26. Insecticides27. Herbicides and fungicides28. Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls, and brominated flame retardants29. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons30. Metals31. Melamine 32. Biomarkers of petroleum products toxicity 33. Biomarkers of chemical mixture toxicity34. Biomarkers of toxic solvents and gases Part IV. Biotoxins Biomarkers35. Freshwater cyanotoxins 36. Mycotoxins37. Poisonous plants: biomarkers for diagnosis Part V. Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals Biomarkers38. Biomarkers of drug toxicity and safety evaluation 39. Risk Assessment, Regulation and the Role of Biomarkers for the Evaluation of Dietary Ingredients present in Dietary Supplements40. Nutriphenomics in rodent models: Impact of dietary choices on toxicological biomarkers Part VI. Nanomaterials and Radiation41. Engineered nanomaterials: Biomarkers of exposure and effect42. Biomarkers of Exposure and Responses to Ionizing Radiation Part VII. Carcinogens Biomonitoring and Cancer Biomarkers43. Biomonitoring exposures to carcinogens44. Genotoxicity biomarkers: Molecular basis of genetic variability and susceptibility45. Epigenetic biomarkers in toxicology46. Breast cancer biomarkers47. Pancreatic and ovarian cancer biomarkers48. Prostate cancer biomarkers Part VIII. Disease Biomarkers49. Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease50. Biomarkers of Parkinson’s disease51. Biomarkers for drugs of abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders: Models and mechanisms52. Osteoarthritis biomarkers53. Pathological biomarkers in toxicology54. Oral pathology biomarkers Part IX. Special Topics55. Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity 56. Biomarkers of blood-brain barrier dysfunction57. Biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress and neurotoxicity58. Cytoskeletal disruption as a biomarker of developmental neurotoxicity59. Membrane transporters and transporter substrates as biomarkers for drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity/adverse events60. Citrulline: Pharmacological perspectives and role as a biomarker in diseases and toxicities Part X. Applications of Biomarkers in Toxicology61. Analysis of toxin- and toxicant-induced biomarker signatures using microarrays62. Biomarkers detection for toxicity testing using metabolomics63. Transcriptomic biomarkers in safety and risk assessment of chemicals64. Percellome toxicogenomics project as a source of biomarkers of chemical toxicity65. Proteomics in biomarkers of chemical toxicity66. Biomarkers for Testing Toxicity and Monitoring Exposure to Xenobiotics67. Biomarkers in epidemiology, risk assessment and regulatory toxicology

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I: Historical Perspective and Epidemiology 1. History of Toxicology: From Killers to Healers; 2. Historical Perspective of Chemical Warfare Agents; 3. Global Impact of Chemical Warfare Agents Used Before and After 1945; 4. Sarin Attacks in Japan: Acute and Delayed Health Effects in Survivors; 5. Early and Delayed Effects of Sulfur Mustard in Iranian Veterans After the Iraq–Iran Conflict; 6. Epidemiology of Chemical Warfare Agents; 7. Chemical Weapons of Mass Destruction and Terrorism: A Threat Analysis Section II: Agents That Can Be Used as Weapons of Mass Destruction 8. Organophosphate Nerve Agents; 9. Russian VX; 10. Novichoks; 11. Blister Agents; 12. Riot Control Agents; 13. Phosgene oxime; 14. Psychotomimetic Agent BZ (3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate); 15. Fluoroacetate; 16. Strychnine; 17. Superwarfarins; 18. PCBs, Dioxins and Furans: Human Exposure and Health Effects; 19. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Implications for Developmental, Molecular, and Behavioral Neurotoxicity; 20. Thallium; 21. Arsenicals: Toxicity, Their Use as Chemical Warfare Agents, and Possible Remedial Measures; 22. Chlorine; 23. Phosgene; 24. Carbon Monoxide: Can’t See, Can’t Smell, Body Looks Red But They Are Dead; 25. Acute Cyanide Toxicity and its Treatment: The Body is Dead and Maybe Red but Does Not Stay Red for Long; 26. Methyl Isocyanate: The Bhopal Gas; 27. Other Toxic Chemicals as Potential Chemical Warfare Agents; 28. Ricin; 29. Botulinum Toxin; 30. Onchidal and Fasciculins; 31. Cyanobacterial (Blue-Green Algae) Toxins Section III: Target Organ Toxicity 32. Chemical Warfare Agents and the Nervous System; 33. Behavioral Toxicity of Nerve Agents; 34. The Respiratory Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents; 35. Cardiovascular System as a Target of Chemical Warfare Agents; 36. Ocular Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents; 37. Skeletal Muscle; 38. Dermal Toxicity of Sulfur Mustard; 39. Reproductive Toxicity and Endocrine Disruption of Potential Chemical Warfare Agents; 40. Liver Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents; 41. Renal System; 42. Impact of Chemical Warfare Agents on the Immune System Section IV: Special Topics 43. Health Effects of Nuclear Weapons and Releases of Radioactive Materials; 44. Clinical and Cellular Aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury; 45. Neurological Effects and Mechanisms of Blast Overpressure Injury; 46. Genomics and Proteomics in Brain Complexity in Relation to Chemically-Induced PTSD; 47. Excitotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Neuronal Injury; 48. Blood–Brain Barrier Damage and Dysfunction by Chemical Toxicity; 49. The Effects of Organophosphates in the Early Stages of Human Skeletal Muscle Regeneration; 50. Experimental modeling for delayed effects of organophosphates; 51. Alternative Animal Toxicity Testing of Chemical Warfare Agents Section V: Toxicokinetics, Toxicodynamics and Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetics 52. Toxicokinetic Aspects of Nerve Agents and Vesicants; 53. Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of DFP; 54. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Chemical Warfare Agents; 55. Biotransformation of Warfare Nerve Agents Section VI: Analytical Methods, Biosensors and Biomarkers 56. Laboratory Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents, Adducts, and Metabolites in Biomedical Samples; 57. On-Site Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents; 58. Neuropathy Target Esterase as a Biomarker and Biosensor of Delayed Neuropathic Agents; 59. The crosslinking action of organophosphorus poisons; implications for chronic neurotoxicity; 60. Monitoring of Blood Cholinesterase Activity in Workers Exposed to Nerve Agents Section VII: Risks to Animals and Wildlife 61. Potential Agents That Can Cause Contamination of Animal Feed stuff and Terror; 62. Chemical Warfare Agents and Risks to Animal Health; 63. Threats to Wildlife by Chemical and Warfare Agents Section VIII: Emergency Preparedness, Prophylactic, Therapeutic and Countermeasures 64. Pharmacological Prophylaxis Against Nerve Agent Poisoning: Experimental Studies and Practical Implications; 65. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Measures in Nerve Agents Poisoning; 66. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Countermeasures to Nerve Agents; 67. Research on Medical Countermeasures for Chemical Attacks on Civilians; 68. Pyridinium Oximes in the Treatment of Poisoning with Organophosphorus Compounds; 69. Novel Cholinesterase Reactivators; 70. Paraoxonase (PON1), detoxication of nerve agents, and modulation of their toxicity; 71. The role of carboxylesterases in therapeutic interventions of nerve agent poisoning; 72. Catalytic bioscavengers: the new generation of bioscavenger-based medical countermeasures Section IX: Decontamination and Detoxification 73. Rapid Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents from the Skin

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1. Product Discovery and Development 1. Overview of Drug Development 2. Overview of the Role of Pathology in Product Discovery and Development 3. Discovery Toxicology and Discovery Pathology 4. Pathology in Nonclinical Drug Safety Assessment 5. Carcinogenicity Assessment Part 2. Product-Specific Practices for Safety Assessment 6. Protein Therapeutics 7. Nucleic Acid Pharmaceutical Agents 8. Gene Therapy and Gene Editing 9. Vaccines 10. Stem Cells and Other Cell Therapies Part 3: Data Interpretation and Communication 11. Biomedical Materials and Devices 12. Safety Assessment of Agricultural and Bulk Chemicals 13. Preparation of the Anatomic Pathology Report for Toxicity Studies 14. Interpretation of Clinical Pathology Results in Nonclinical Toxicity Testing 15. Assigning Adversity to Toxicologic Outcomes 16. Risk Assessment 17. Risk Management and Communication: Building Trust and Credibility with the Public

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe fundamental principles of environmental toxicology are clearly presented here for university students and professionals in related fields. This book consists of two parts. In the first part basic metabolic, physiological, and pharmacological concepts are used to explain the fate of toxic chemicals in the body, with emphasis on carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. This part also contains a chapter on chemicals disrupting the endocrine system and a chapter on risk assessment and the precautionary principle. The second section deals with specific environmental problems - air pollution, alteration of the earth''s atmosphere, water and land pollution, including sections on wetlands, organic agriculture and genetically modified crops. It also deals with health and environmental effects of ionized radiation, and the effect of a rapid population growth on the environmental and human welfare. Chapter on pollution control and regulatory policies are also included.Table of ContentsPreface to the First Edition ; Preface to the Second Edition ; Preface to the Third Edition ; 1. Environment: Past and Present ; 2. Review of Pharmacologic Concepts ; 3. Metabolism of Xenobiotics ; 4. Factors That Influence Toxicity ; 5. Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis ; 6. Endocrine Disrupters ; 7. Risk Assessment ; 8. Occupational Toxicology ; 9. Air Pollution ; 10. Pollution of the Atmosphere ; 11. Water and Land Pollution ; 12. Pollution Control ; 13. Radioactive Pollution ; 14. Population, Environment and Women's Issues ; 15. Regulatory Policies and International Treaties ; Appendix: Subject for Student Seminars ; Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn The Alchemy of Disease, John Whysner offers an accessible and compelling history of toxicology and its key findings. He details the experiments and discoveries that revealed the causal connections between chemical exposures and diseases.Trade ReviewThe field of toxicology has become increasingly sophisticated as our knowledge of biology continues to evolve. As a scientist, it is enjoyable to read how John Whysner presents the information, and I have no doubt that the general public and students will find it equally enjoyable and informative. -- Samuel M. Cohen, Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical CenterI often tell students in the biological sciences that the best way to learn about a topic is not just to learn what knowledge has been discovered, but rather how the discoveries were made. Whysner’s scholarly yet reader-friendly book reads like a series of fascinating stories derived from his lifetime of experience in the world of toxicology and public health, and what a storyteller he is! The book shows him to be a remarkable science historian as each link between chemical exposures and human diseases is placed in a captivating historical context. The extent to which Whysner has been intimately involved in major discoveries is absolutely mind-boggling. -- Joseph H. Graziano, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityWhysner provides an honest evaluation of the science of toxicology, engaging readers with fascinating, well-paced narratives of subjects such as chronic arsenic poisoning. -- Katherine Watson, Oxford Brookes UniversityWhysner's book is a valuable addition to the history of toxicology and allied fields, as it benefits from the institutional knowledge of a professional working in the field of toxicology for five decades. The author brings to light technical aspects of the science that some may not be aware of, especially concepts of risk assessment, dose response, and links between cancer rates and the reality of the state of the science. -- Dale A. Stirling, Consultant in Environmental & Public Health History and author of The Nanotechnology Revolution: A Global Bibliographic Perspective and A Bibliographic Guide to North American Industry: History, Health & Hazardous WasteWhysner ... delivers an illuminating overview of the history of toxicology. Serious students of medical history will appreciate this detailed, historical account of toxicology’s contributions to better health. * Publisher's Weekly *We all have only so much time on this Earth and so much to learn. This fine book presents an efficient and highly enjoyable way to learn the principles and history of the monumental subject of toxicology. -- Judge Lawrence P. Riff * Los Angeles Daily Journal *Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroductionPart I: Why Do We Need Toxicology?1. Cancer Clusters: Truth Can Be Obscure2. Death from Arsenic and Venoms: Truth Can Be Obvious3. Paracelsus: The Alchemist at Work4. Mining and the Beginnings of Occupational Medicine5. The Chemical Age6. The Bioassay BoomPart II: How Do We Study Toxicology, and What Have We Learned?7. Lead: A Heavy Metal Weighing Down the Brain8. Rachel Carson: Silent Spring Is Now Noisy Summer9. The Study of Cancer10. How Are Carcinogens Made?11. Some Carcinogens Directly Affect Genes12. Cancer Caused by Irritation13. Cigarette Smoking: Black, Tarry Lungs14. What Causes Cancer?Part III: How Do We Use Toxicology?15. Protecting Workers from Chemical Diseases16. The Importance of Having a Good Name17. Can We Accurately Regulate Chemicals?18. The Dose Makes the Poison19. Are We Ready to Clean Up the Mess?20. Legal Battles21. The Toxicology of WarPart IV: The Unfinished Business of Toxicology22. Opiates and Politics23. The Toxicology of Climate Change24. Animal Models for Human Disease25. Are Animal Cancer Bioassays Reliable?26. Hormone Mimics and Disrupters27. Building Better Tools for Testing28. An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of CureNotesIndex

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I: Principles of Pharmacology Chapter 1 Introduction to Pharmacology Chapter 2 Pharmacokinetics Chapter 3 Pharmacodynamics Chapter 4 Drug Development and Safety Chapter 5 Toxicology and the Treatment of Poisoning Section II: Autonomic and Neuromuscular Pharmacology Chapter 6 Peripheral Neuropharmacology and Acetylcholine Agonists Chapter 7 Acetylcholine Receptor Antagonists Chapter 8 Sympathetic Neurotransmission and Adrenoceptor Agonists Chapter 9 Adrenoceptor Antagonists Section III: Cardiovascular, Renal, and Hematologic Pharmacology Chapter 10 Antihypertensive Drugs Chapter 11 Antianginal Drugs Chapter 12 Drugs for Heart Failure Chapter 13 Diuretics Chapter 14 Drugs for Cardiac Dysrhythmia Chapter 15 Drugs for Hyperlipidemia Chapter 16 Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Drugs Chapter 17 Hematopoietic Drugs Section IV: Central Nervous System Pharmacology Chapter 18 Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology Chapter 19 Sedative-Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs Chapter 20 Antiepileptic Drugs Chapter 21 Local and General Anesthetics Chapter 22 Psychotherapeutic Drugs Chapter 23 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists Chapter 24 Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases Chapter 25 Drugs of Abuse Section V: Pharmacology of Respiratory and Other Systems Chapter 26 Autacoid Drugs Chapter 27 Respiratory Pharmacology Chapter 28 Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Chapter 29 Drugs for Headache Disorders Chapter 30 Drugs for Pain, Inflammation, and Arthritic Disorders Section VI: Endocrine Pharmacology Chapter 31 Hypothalamic and Pituitary Drugs Chapter 32 Thyroid Drugs Chapter 33 Adrenal Steroids and Related Drugs Chapter 34 Drugs Affecting Fertility and Reproduction Chapter 35 Drugs for Diabetes Chapter 36 Drugs Affecting Calcium and Bone Section VII: Chemotherapy Chapter 37 Principles of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Chapter 38 Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Chapter 39 Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis Chapter 40 Quinolones, Antifolate Drugs, and Other Antimicrobial Agents Chapter 41 Antimycobacterial Drugs Chapter 42 Antifungal Drugs Chapter 43 Antiviral Drugs Chapter 44 Antiparasitic Drugs Chapter 45 Antineoplastic Drugs Chapter 46 Immunotherapeutic Agents

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe contamination of both drinking and recreational water supplies by cyanobacteria is increasingly a cause for concern worldwide. While contamination causes livestock deaths with relative frequency, acute poisoning is rare in humans. However, there is growing apprehension over the possible role of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins in gastrointestinal and liver cancer. Cyanobacterial Toxins of Drinking Water Supplies provides an articulate account of the biology, chemistry, toxicology, and human health implications of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins, and their occurrence in water supplies. It discusses effective methods of prevention, mitigation, and remediation of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs. The book presents novel and traditional approaches to water treatment for the elimination of these toxins. Written by a renowned expert who plays an instrumental role in revising the World Health Organization's drinking water guidelines for cyanotoxins, the book uses thTrade Review“This book covers the biology, chemistry, toxicology, and human health implications of cylindro-spermopsins and microcystins, as well as their occurrence in water supplies. Written by an expert in the field, the book discusses effective methods of prevention, mitigation, and remediation of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs and presents both new and traditional approaches for treating water to eliminate these toxins. … ” — In Journal of The Awwa, June 2007Table of ContentsIntroduction. Toxic cyanobacteria and their identification. Toxin chemistry and biosynthesis. Cyanobacterial ecology. Cyanobacterial poisoning of livestock and mankind. Cylindrospermopsin toxicity. Microcystin toxicity. Risk and safety from drinking water. Monitoring of reservoirs for toxic cyanobacteria and analysis of nutrients in water. Detection and analysis of cylindrospermopsins and microcystins. Prevention, mitigation and remediation of cyanobacterial blooms in reservoirs. Water treatment. Emerging issues. Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPart 1. Toxicologic Pathology in Environment and Food Protection 1. Environmental Toxicologic Pathology and Human Health 2. Food and Toxicologic Pathology 3. Nutrition and Toxicologic Pathology Part 2. Selected Toxicant Classes 21. Herbal Remedies 22. Phycotoxins 23. Mycotoxins 24. Poisonous Plants 25. Animal Toxins 26. Bacterial Toxins 27. Metals 28. Agrochemicals 29. New Frontiers in Endocrine Disruptor Research 30. Nanoparticulate 31. Radiation and Other Physical Agents

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn a devastating exposé in the tradition of Silent Spring and Fast Food Nation, investigative journalist Randall Fitzgerald warns how thousands of man-made chemicals in our food, water, medicine, and environment are making humans the most polluted species on the planet. A century ago, when Congress enacted the Pure Food and Drug Act, Americans were promised “better living through chemistry.” Fitzgerald provides overwhelming evidence to shatter this myth, and many others perpetrated by the chemical, pharmaceutical, and processed foods industries. Consider this: ·         The average American carries a body burden of 700 synthetic chemicals; ·         Chemicals in tap water can cause reproductive abnormalities and hermaphroditic birth; ·         One study of lactating women found p

Read more less

Book SynopsisChromatographic Methods in Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology fills the gap that exists between theoretical treatments of chromatography, and clinical chemistry and toxicology texts that focus almost exclusively on clinical relevance and applications.Table of ContentsPreface xi List of Contributors xiii 1. Quality Assurance, Quality Control and Method Validation in Chromatographic Applications 1Michele L. Merves and Bruce A. Goldberger 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 History 1 1.3 Definition of Quality Assurance and Quality Control 3 1.4 Professional Organizations 4 1.5 Internal Quality Assurance and Control 5 1.5.1 Standard operating procedure manual 5 1.5.2 Method development 5 1.5.3 Method validation 6 1.5.4 Accuracy 7 1.5.5 Precision 7 1.5.6 Recovery 7 1.5.7 Lower limits of detection (sensitivity) and quantitation 8 1.5.8 Range of linearity 8 1.5.9 Specificity 9 1.5.10 Stability 9 1.5.11 Carryover 9 1.5.12 Ruggedness 9 1.5.13 Selection of a reference standard 10 1.5.14 Selection of an internal standard and standard addition 10 1.5.15 Selection of derivatization agent 10 1.5.16 Selection of ions for selected-ion monitoring or full-scan analysis 11 1.5.17 Chromatographic performance 11 1.5.18 Statistical evaluation of quality control 11 1.6 External Quality Assurance 13 References 13 2. Liquid Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Measurement of Anabolic Steroids 15Don H. Catlin, Yu-Chen Chang, Borislav Starcevic and Caroline K. Hatton 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 LC-MS Analysis of Synthetic Steroids or Animal Samples 16 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Natural Androgens in Human Samples 19 2.4 Conclusion 29 References 29 3. High-performance Liquid Chromatography in the Analysis of Active Ingredients in Herbal Nutritional Supplements 33Amitava Dasgupta 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 St John’s Wort 35 3.2.1 Drug interactions with St John’s wort 35 3.2.2 Measurement of active ingredients of St John’s wort using HPLC 36 3.2.3 Analysis of St John’s wort extract with other analytical techniques 38 3.2.4 Measurement of hypericin and hyperforin in human plasma using HPLC 38 3.3 Herbal Supplements with Digoxin-like Immunoreactivity 39 3.3.1 Use of HPLC for the determination of chan su, danshen and ginsengs 40 3.4 Herbal Remedies and Abnormal Liver Function Tests 41 3.4.1 Use of GC-MS and HPLC for the measurement of active components 43 3.5 Ginkgo Biloba 43 3.5.1 Analysis of components of ginkgo biloba by HPLC 44 3.6 Echinacea 45 3.6.1 Analysis of active components of echinacea by HPLC 45 3.7 Valerian 46 3.7.1 Analysis of components of valerian by HPLC 46 3.8 Feverfew 46 3.8.1 Analysis of parthenolide by HPLC 47 3.9 Garlic 47 3.9.1 Measurement of components of garlic by HPLC 48 3.10 Ephedra (Ma Huang) and Related Drugs 48 3.10.1 Analysis of active components of ephedra-containing products 49 3.11 Conclusions 50 References 50 4. Measurement of Plasma L-DOPA and L-Tyrosine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography as a Tumor Marker in Melanoma 56Thierry Le Bricon, Sabine Letellier, Konstantin Stoitchkov and Jean-Pierre Garnier 4.1 Introduction 56 4.2 Melanogenesis 57 4.2.1 Overview of the pathway 57 4.2.2 Potential tumor markers 58 4.3 L-DOPA Alone 59 4.3.1 Urine analysis 59 4.3.2 Blood (plasma or serum) analysis 59 4.4 L-DOPA/L-Tyrosine Ratio 60 4.4.1 Technical aspects 60 4.4.2 Clinical results 61 4.4.3 Future directions 63 4.5 Conclusion 64 References 65 5. Hypersensitive Measurement of Proteins by Capillary Isoelectric Focusing and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 67Feng Zhou and Murray Johnston 5.1 Introduction 67 5.2 A Robust CIEF-RPLC Interface 69 5.3 First-Generation CIEF-RPLC-MS System for Proteins 71 5.4 Second-Generation CIEF-RPLC-MS System 76 5.5 Future Improvements 83 Acknowledgment 83 References 83 6. Chromatographic Measurement of Transferrin Glycoforms for Detecting Alcohol Abuse and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation 87Anders Helander 6.1 Introduction 87 6.2 Transferrin Microheterogeneity 88 6.3 Carbohydrate-deficient Transferrin (CDT) 89 6.4 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) 89 6.5 Analytical Methods for Transferrin Microheterogeneity 90 6.6 Chromatographic Methods for CDT 91 6.6.1 HPLC conditions and potential interferences 91 6.6.2 Chromatographic separation of transferrin glycoforms 92 6.6.3 Genetic transferrin variants and glycoform types 94 6.6.4 Sensitivity and reproducibility 94 6.7 Chromatographic Methods for CDG 94 6.7.1 HPLC testing for CDG 95 6.7.2 LC-MS testing for CDG 95 6.8 Summary and Conclusions 96 References 97 7. Chromatographic Measurements of Catecholamines and Metanephrines 101Eric C. Y. Chan and Paul C. L. Ho 7.1 Background 101 7.1.1 Total or individual assays 104 7.2 Analytical Measurements of Catecholamines and Metanephrines 105 7.3 Early Methods 105 7.3.1 Catecholamines 105 7.3.2 Metanephrines 106 7.4 Current Chromatographic Methods 106 7.4.1 Chemistry of catecholamines 106 7.4.2 Specimen preparation 107 7.4.3 Fluorescence detection 109 7.4.4 Electrochemical detection 110 7.4.5 Chemiluminescence detection 112 7.4.6 Mass spectrometry 115 7.5 Practical Considerations for the Stability of Urinary Catecholamines and Metanephrines During Storage 117 7.6 Future Developments 118 Dedication 119 References 119 8. Chromatographic Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 127Larry A. Broussard 8.1 Introduction 127 8.2 General Considerations 127 8.3 Intended Use 128 8.4 Volatility of Compounds 128 8.5 Sample Collection, Handling and Storage 129 8.6 Headspace Gas Chromatographic Methods 129 8.7 Columns and Detectors 130 8.8 Identification, Quantitation and Confirmation 130 8.9 Ethanol and Other Volatile Alcohols 131 8.10 Inhalants and Screening for Multiple VOCs 132 8.11 Interpretation 134 8.12 Conclusion 136 References 136 9. Chromatographic Techniques for Measuring Organophosphorus Pesticides 139H. Wollersen and F. Musshoff 9.1 Introduction 139 9.2 Organophosphorus Pesticides (OPs) 141 9.2.1 Mechanism of action 141 9.2.2 Intoxication 141 9.2.3 Progression of intoxication and longer term risks 145 9.2.4 Therapy 146 9.2.5 Analytical procedures 146 9.3 Conclusion 163 References 164 10. Chromatographic Analysis of Nerve Agents 170Jeri D. Ropero-Miller 10.1 Introduction 170 10.2 Neuromuscular Blockers 170 10.2.1 Background and uses 170 10.2.2 Classification, mechanism and duration of action 171 10.2.3 Effects and toxicity 173 10.2.4 Analysis 173 10.3 Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning: Saxitoxin 185 10.3.1 Background 185 10.3.2 Toxicity 187 10.3.3 Analysis 188 10.4 Summary 191 References 195 11. History and Pharmacology of c-Hydroxybutyric Acid 197Laureen Marinetti 11.1 Introduction 197 11.2 History of Illicit Use of GHB 198 11.3 Clinical Use of GHB in Humans 200 11.4 History of Illicit Use of GBL and 1,4BD 200 11.5 Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of GHB, GBL and 1,4BD 202 11.6 GHB Interpretation Issues and Post-mortem Production 204 11.7 Analysis for GHB, GBL and 1,4BD 208 References 213 12. Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection for Element Speciation: Clinical and Toxicological Applications 217Katarzyna Wrobel, Kazimierz Wrobel and Joseph A. Caruso 12.1 Introduction 217 12.2 Liquid Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection 218 12.3 Analytical Applications of Clinical and Toxicological Relevance 219 12.3.1 Arsenic 219 12.3.2 Iodine 234 12.3.3 Mercury 234 12.3.4 Platinum 240 12.3.5 Selenium 245 12.4 Conclusions and Future Trends 260 12.5 Abbreviations 260 References 262 13. Applications of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to the Determination of Toxic Metals 274Suresh K. Aggarwal, Robert L. Fitzgerald and David A. Herold 13.1 Introduction 274 13.2 Instrumentation 275 13.3 Experimental Procedure 276 13.3.1 Preparation of internal standard solutions 276 13.3.2 Digestion of biological sample 276 13.3.3 Preparation of metal chelate 277 13.4 GC-MS Studies 278 13.4.1 Memory effect evaluation 278 13.4.2 Precision and accuracy in measuring isotope ratios 281 13.4.3 Results of concentration determination of toxic metals in biological samples 283 13.5 Conclusions 284 References 284 Index 287

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis core reference explains current strategies for immunotoxicology pharmaceutical safety assessments, which can reduce drug candidate attrition and streamline the development process.Trade Review"I would recommend this book to toxicologists wishing to develop their knowledge in the specialised field of immunotoxicology. The book provides extremely clear indication on the assessment of immunotoxicology and contains many recent references at the end of each chapter." (BTS Newsletter, Summer 2009)Table of ContentsPreface ix Contributors xi Introduction to Immunotoxicology xviiJack H. Dean Part I Current Regulatory Expectations For Immunotoxicity Evaluation Of Pharmaceuticals 1 1 Current Regulatory Expectations for Immunotoxicity Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals 3Kenneth L. Hastings Part II Weight of Evidence Review: A New Strategy In Immunotoxicology 11 2.1 Clinical Pathology as Crucial Insight into Immunotoxicity Testing 13Ellen Evans 2.2 Histomorphology of the Immune System: A Basic Step in Assessing Immunotoxicity 27Patrick Haley 2.3 Need for Specialized Immunotoxicity Tests 45Kazuichi Nakamura 2.4 Specific Drug-Induced Immunotoxicity: Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia 55Raj Krishnaraj Part III Nonclinical Core Immunotoxicity Testing In Drug Development 65 3.1.1 T Cell-Dependent Antibody Response Tests 67Joseph R. Piccotti 3.1.2 Natural Killer Cell Assay and Other Innate Immunity Tests 77Lisa Plitnick 3.1.3 Cellular Immune Response in Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Test 87Karen Price 3.2 Evaluation of Drug Effects on Immune Cell Phenotypes 103Laurie Iciek Part IV Extended Immunotoxicology Assessment: Ex Vivo Models 125 4.1 Functional Cellular Responses and Cytokine Profiles 127Elizabeth R. Gore 4.2 Application of Flow Cytometry in Drug Development 141Padma Narayanan, Renold J. Capocasale, Nianyu Li, and Peter J. Bugelski Part V Extended Immunotoxicology Assessment: In Vivo Models 161 5.1 Animal Models of Host Resistance 163Gary R. Burleson and Florence G. Burleson 5.2 Approaches to Evaluation of Autoimmunity 179Danuta J. Herzyk Part VI Immunotoxicity Testing In Biopharmaceutical Development 189 6.1 Differentiation between Desired Immunomodulation and Potential Immunotoxicity 191Jeanine L. Bussiere and Barbara Mounho 6.2 Relevant Immune Tests across Different Species and Surrogate Models 199Jeanine L. Bussiere 6.3 Antidrug Antibody Responses in Nonclinical Studies and Their Implications 209Barbara Mounho Part VII Development of Vaccines 217 7.1 Pharmacological Immunogenicity and Adverse Responses to Vaccines 219Mary Kate Hart, Mark Bolanowski, and Robert V. House 7.2 Immunotoxicological Concerns for Vaccines and Adjuvants 229Catherine Kaplanski, Jose Lebron, Jayanthi Wolf, and Brian Ledwith Part VIII Testing For Drug Hypersensitivity 239 8.1 Systemic Hypersensitivity 241Raymond Pieters 8.2 Nonclinical Models to Assess Respiratory Hypersensitivity Potential 257Curtis C. Maier Part IX Testing For Developmental Immunotoxicity 271 9.1 Developmental Immunotoxicity in Rodents 273Rodney R. Dietert and Leigh Ann Burns-Naas 9.2 Developmental Immunotoxicity in Nonhuman Primates 299Pauline L. Martin and Eberhard Buse Part X New Methods In Assessing Immunomodulation, Immunotoxicity, and Immunogenicity 319 10.1 Alternative Animal Models for Immunomodulation and Immunotoxicity 321Peter J. Bugelski 10.2 Animal Models for Preclinical Comparative Immunogenicity Testing 345Daniel Wierda 10.3 T Cell Epitopes and Minimization of Immunogenicity 361Harald Kropshoffer and Thomas Singer Part XI Bridging Immunotoxicology To Clinical Drug Development 37311 Bridging Immunotoxicology to Clinical Drug Development 375Ian Gourley and Jacques Descotes Index 385

Read more less

Book SynopsisToxicology is a multi-faceted field that requires a keen analytical eye. A Textbook of Modern Toxicology is a unique resource that provides both students and practitioners with an insightful overview of this discipline.Trade Review"The book assumes a good knowledge of general toxicology and some knowledge of specialist areas, and would be a useful aid if studying for a higher degree where basic understanding has been." (British Toxicology Society, Winter 2010)Table of ContentsPREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION xxi CONTRIBUTORS xxiii PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1. Introduction to Toxicology 3Ernest Hodgson 1.1 Definition and Scope 3 1.2 Relationship to Other Sciences 9 1.3 A Brief History of Toxicology 10 1.4 Dose–Response Relationships 11 1.5 Sources of Toxic Compounds 12 1.6 Movement of Toxicants in the Environment 12 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 13 Sample Questions 14 2. Introduction to Biochemical and Molecular Methods in Toxicology 15Ernest Hodgson, Gerald A. Leblanc, Sharon A. Meyer, and Robert C. Smart 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Cell Culture Techniques 15 2.3 Molecular Techniques 19 2.4 Immunochemical Techniques 23 2.5 Proteomics 26 2.6 Metabolomics 26 2.7 Bioinformatics 26 2.8 Summary and Conclusions 27 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 27 Sample Questions 27 PART II CLASSES OF TOXICANTS 29 3. Exposure Classes, Toxicants in Air, Water, Soil, Domestic, and Occupational Settings 31W. Gregory Cope 3.1 Air Pollutants 31 3.2 Water and Soil Pollutants 38 3.3 Occupational Toxicants 42 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 46 Air Pollutants 46 Water and Soil Pollutants 47 Occupational Toxicants 47 Sample Questions 47 4. Classes of Toxicants: Use Classes 49W. Gregory Cope and Ernest Hodgson 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Metals 49 4.3 Agricultural Chemicals (Pesticides) 55 4.4 Food Additives and Contaminants 65 4.5 Toxins 66 4.6 Solvents 71 4.7 Therapeutic Drugs 71 4.8 Drugs of Abuse 72 4.9 Combustion Products 72 4.10 Cosmetics 74 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 74 General 74 Metals 74 Pesticides 75 Toxins 75 Solvents 75 Therapeutic Drugs 75 Sample Questions 75 PART III TOXICANT PROCESSING IN VIVO 77 5. Absorption and Distribution of Toxicants 79Ronald E. Baynes and Ernest Hodgson 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 Cell Membranes 80 5.3 Mechanisms of Transport 82 5.4 Physicochemical Properties Relevant to Diffusion 87 5.5 Routes of Absorption 90 5.6 Toxicant Distribution 99 5.7 Toxicokinetics 108 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 112 Sample Questions 113 6. Metabolism of Toxicants 115Ernest Hodgson and Randy L. Rose 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Phase I Reactions 116 6.3 Phase II Reactions 143 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 154 Sample Questions 155 7. Reactive Metabolites 157Ernest Hodgson and Randy L. Rose 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Activation Enzymes 158 7.3 Nature and Stability of Reactive Metabolites 160 7.4 Fate of Reactive Metabolites 161 7.5 Factors Affecting Toxicity of Reactive Metabolites 162 7.6 Reactive Oxygen Species 163 7.7 Examples of Activating Reactions 164 7.8 Summary and Conclusions 170 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 171 Sample Questions 171 8. Chemical and Physiological Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism 173Andrew D. Wallace and Ernest Hodgson 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 Nutritional Effects 173 8.3 Physiological Effects 176 8.4 Comparative and Genetic Effects 182 8.5 Chemical Effects 191 8.6 Environmental Effects 207 8.7 Summary and Conclusions 209 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 210 Sample Questions 211 9. Elimination of Toxicants 213Gerald A. Leblanc 9.1 Introduction 213 9.2 Transport 215 9.3 Renal Elimination 216 9.4 Hepatic Elimination 217 9.5 Respiratory Elimination 220 9.6 Conclusion 221 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 221 Sample Questions 222 PART IV TOXIC ACTION 223 10. Acute Toxicity 225Gerald A. Leblanc 10.1 Introduction 225 10.2 Acute Exposure and Effect 225 10.3 Dose–Response Relationships 227 10.4 Nonconventional Dose–Response Relationships 229 10.5 Alternative Methods 230 10.6 Mechanisms of Acute Toxicity 231 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 236 Sample Questions 236 11. Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis 237Robert C. Smart 11.1 DNA Damage and Mutagenesis 237 11.2 General Aspects of Cancer 239 11.3 Human Cancer 242 11.4 Classes of Agents That Are Associated with Carcinogenesis 251 11.5 General Aspects of Chemical Carcinogenesis 254 11.6 Oncogenes 259 11.7 Tumor Suppressor Genes 262 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 264 Sample Questions 264 12. Teratogenesis 265Jill A. Barnes and Ida M. Washington 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 Overview of Embryonic Development 266 12.3 Principles of Teratogenesis 268 12.4 Mechanisms of Teratogenesis 268 12.5 Future Considerations 272 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 272 Sample Questions 272 PART V ORGAN TOXICITY 275 13. Hepatotoxicity 277Andrew D. Wallace and Sharon A. Meyer 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Susceptibility of the Liver 279 13.3 Types of Liver Injury 279 13.4 Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity 283 13.5 Examples of Hepatotoxicants 285 13.6 Metabolic Activation of Hepatotoxicants 288 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 289 Sample Questions 289 14. Nephrotoxicity 291Joan B. Tarloff and Andrew D. Wallace 14.1 Introduction 291 14.2 Factors Contributing to Nephrotoxicity 292 14.3 Examples of Nephrotoxicants 293 14.4 Summary 301 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 301 Sample Questions 302 15. Toxicology of the Nervous System 303Bonita L. Blake 15.1 Introduction 303 15.2 The Nervous System 303 15.3 Toxicant Effects on the Nervous System 312 15.4 Neurotoxicity Testing 317 15.5 Summary 321 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 322 Sample Questions 322 16. Reproductive System 323Heather Patisaul 16.1 Introduction 323 16.2 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis 324 16.3 Male Reproductive Physiology 326 16.4 Disruption of Male Reproduction By Toxicants 330 16.5 Female Reproductive Physiology 332 16.6 Disruption of Female Reproduction by Toxicants 335 16.7 Summary 341 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 341 Sample Questions 343 17. Endocrine Toxicology 345Gerald A. Leblanc 17.1 Introduction 345 17.2 Endocrine System 345 17.3 Endocrine Disruption 352 17.4 Incidents of Endocrine Toxicity 358 17.5 Conclusion 361 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 362 Sample Questions 362 18. Respiratory Toxicology 363James C. Bonner 18.1 Introduction 363 18.2 Anatomy and Function of the Respiratory Tract 363 18.3 Toxicant-Induced Lung Injury, Remodeling, and Repair 373 18.4 Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases 380 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 385 Sample Questions 385 19. Immune System 387MaryJane K. Selgrade 19.1 Introduction 387 19.2 The Immune System 388 19.3 Immune Suppression 391 19.4 Classification of Immune-Mediated Injury (Hypersensitivity) 396 19.5 Effects of Chemicals on Allergic Disease 398 19.6 Other Issues: Autoimmunity and the Developing Immune System 403 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 404 Sample Questions 404 PART VI APPLIED TOXICOLOGY 407 20. Toxicity Testing 409Ernest Hodgson and Helen Cunny 20.1 Introduction 409 20.2 Experimental Administration of Toxicants 412 20.3 Chemical and Physical Properties 414 20.4 Exposure and Environmental Fate 414 20.5 In Vivo Tests 415 20.6 In Vitro and Other Short-Term Tests 442 20.7 Ecological Effects 451 20.8 Risk Analysis 453 20.9 The Future of Toxicity Testing 453 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 454 Sample Questions 455 21. Forensic and Clinical Toxicology 457Sharon A. Meyer and Bonita L. Blake 21.1 Introduction 457 21.2 Forensic Toxicology 457 21.3 Clinical Toxicology 462 21.4 Analytical Methods in Forensic and Clinical Toxicology 469 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 472 Sample Questions 473 22. Prevention of Toxicity 475Ernest Hodgson 22.1 Introduction 475 22.2 Legislation and Regulation 475 22.3 Prevention in Different Environments 482 22.4 Education 485 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 486 Sample Questions 487 23. Human Health Risk Assessment 489Ronald E. Baynes 23.1 Introduction 489 23.2 Risk Assessment Methods 490 23.3 Noncancer Risk Assessment 493 23.4 Cancer Risk Assessment 500 23.5 PBPK Modeling 503 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 504 Sample Questions 505 PART VII ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 507 24. Toxicant Analysis: Analytical Methods and Quality Assurance 509Chris Hofelt 24.1 Introduction 509 24.2 Environmental Sample Collection Methods 510 24.3 Analytical Techniques 514 24.4 Quantifi cation, QA, and QC 525 24.5 Summary 528 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 528 Sample Questions 529 25. Basics of Environmental Toxicology 531Gerald A. Leblanc and David B. Buchwalter 25.1 Introduction 531 25.2 Environmental Persistence 532 25.3 Bioaccumulation 535 25.4 Toxicity 539 25.5 Conclusion 546 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 547 Sample Questions 547 26. Transport and Fate of Toxicants in the Environment 549Damian Shea 26.1 Introduction 549 26.2 Sources of Toxicants to the Environment 550 26.3 Transport Processes 553 26.4 Equilibrium Partitioning 557 26.5 Transformation Processes 560 26.6 Environmental Fate Models 567 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 569 Sample Questions 569 27. Environmental Risk Assessment 571Damian Shea 27.1 Introduction 571 27.2 Formulating the Problem 573 27.3 Analyzing Exposure and Effects Information 578 27.4 Characterizing Risk 582 27.5 Managing Risk 587 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 588 Sample Questions 589 PART VIII NEW APPROACHES IN TOXICOLOGY 591 28. Perspectives on Informatics in Toxicology 593Seth W. Kullman, Carolyn J. Mattingly, Joel N. Meyer, and Andrew Whitehead 28.1 Introduction 593 28.2 Transcriptomics 594 28.3 Annotation Resources 595 28.4 Genome Sequencing, Resequencing and Genotyping 597 28.5 Epigenomic Profi ling 598 28.6 Computational Toxicology 599 28.7 Informatics Tools in Toxicology 601 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 602 Sample Question 605 29. Future Considerations 607Ernest Hodgson 29.1 Introduction 607 29.2 Risk Assessment 609 29.3 Risk Management 613 29.4 Risk Communication 613 29.5 In Vivo Toxicity 614 29.6 In Vitro Toxicity 614 29.7 Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology 614 29.8 Development of Selective Toxicants 615 29.9 Summary and Conclusions 616 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 616 Sample Questions 617 GLOSSARY 619 INDEX 638

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a thorough and up-to-date overview of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and its unique dual role in toxicology and biology. The coverage includes epigenetic mechanisms, gene expression, reproductive and developmental toxicity, signal transduction, and transgenic animal models.Trade Review Table of ContentsPreface. A. Historical background. 1. History of Research on the AHR (Thomas A. Gasiewocz and Ellen C. Henry). B. AHR as a ligand-activated transcription factor. 2. Overview of AHR functional domains and the classical signaling pathway: induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes (Qiang Ma). 3. Role of chaperone proteins in AHR function (Iain A. Murray and Gary H. Perdew). 4. AHR Ligands: Promiscuity in Binding and Diversity in Response (Danica DeGroot, Guochun He, Domenico Fraccalvieri, Laura Bonati, Allesandro Pandin and Michael S. Denison). 5. Dioxin response elements and regulation of gene transcription (Hollie Swanson). 6. The AHR/ARNT dimer and transcriptional coactivators (Oliver Hankinson). 7. Regulation of AHR by the AHR repressor (AHRR) (Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama and Kaname Kawajiri). 8. Influence of HIF-1α and Nrf2 signaling on AHR-mediated gene expression, toxicity and biological functions (Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann and Josef Abel). 9. Functional interactions of AHR with other receptors (Sara Brunnberg, Elin Swedenborg and Jan-Åke Gustafsson). 10. The E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of transcription factor AHR permits non-genomic regulation of biological pathways (Fumiaki Ohtake and Shigeaki Kato). 11. Epigenetic mechanisms in AHR function (Chia-I Ko and Alvaro Puga). C. AHR as a mediator of xenobiotic toxicities: dioxins as a key example. 12. Role of the AHR and its structure in TCDD toxicity (Raimo Pohjanvirta, Merja Korkalainen, Ivy D. Moffat, Paul C. Boutros, Allan B. Okey). 13. Nongenomic route of action of TCDD: Identity, characteristics and toxicological significance (Fumio Matsumura). 14. Inter-species heterogeneity in the hepatic transcriptomic response to AHR activation by dioxin (Paul Boutros). 15. Dioxin-activated AHR: toxic responses and the induction of oxidative stress (Sidney J. Stohs and Ezdihar A. Hassoun). 16. Dioxin-activated AHR and cancer in laboratory animals (Dieter Schrenk and Martin Chopra). 17. Teratogenic impact of dioxin-activated AHR in laboratory animals (Barbara D. Abbott). 18. The developmental toxicity of dioxin to the developing male reproductive system in the rat; relevance of the AHR for risk assessment (David R. Bell). 19. TCDD, AHR and immune regulation (Nancy I. Kerkvliet). 20. Effects of dioxins on teeth and bone: the role of AHR (Matti Viluksela, Hanna M. Miettinen and Merja Korkalainen). 21. Impacts of dioxin-activated AHR signaling in fish and birds (Michael T. Simonich and Robert L. Tangray). 22. Adverse Health Outcomes Caused By Dioxin-Activated AHR in Humans (Sally S. White, Suzanne E. Fenton, and Linda S. Birnbaum). 23. The toxic equivalency principle and its application in dioxin risk assessment (Jouko Tuomisto). 24. AHR-active compounds in the human diet (Stephen Safe, Gayathri Chadalapaka and Indira Jutooru). 25. Modulation of AHR function by heavy metals and disease states (Anwar Anwar-Mohammed and Ayman O.S. El-Kadi). 26. Transgenic mice with a constitutively active AHR: a model for human exposure to dioxin an other AHR ligands (Patrik Andersson, Sara Brunnberg, Carolina Wejheden, Lorenz Poellinger and Annika Hanberg). D. AHR as a physiological regulator. 27. Structural and functional diversification of AHRs during metazoan evolution (Mark E. Hahn and Sibel I. Karchner). 28. Invertebrate AHR homologs: Ancestral functions in sensory systems (Jo Anne Powell-Coffman and Hongtao Qin). 29. Role of AHR in the development of the liver and blood vessels (Sahoko Ichihara). 30. Involvement of the AHR in cardiac function and regulation of blood pressure (Jason A. Scott and Mary K. Walker). 31. Involvement of the AHR in development and functioning of the female and male reproductive systems (Bethany N. Karman, Isabel Hernández-Ochoa, Ayelet Ziv-Gal, Jodi A. Flaws). 32. The AHR in the control of cell cycle and apoptosis (Cornelia Dietrich). 33. The AHR regulates cell adhesion and migration by interacting with oncogene and growth factor-dependent signaling (Angel Carlos Roman, Jose M. Carvajal-Gonzalez, Sonia Mulero-Navarro, Aurea Gomez-Duran, Eva M. Rico-Leo and Pedro M. Fernandez-Salguero). 34. The physiological role of AHR in the mouse immune system (Charlotte Esser). 35. AHR and the circadian clock (Shelley A. Tischkau).

Read more less

Book Synopsis* Offers textbook level introductions into basic microbiology as it relates to human and ecological risk assessment of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes. * The unique multidisciplinary platform is intended to integrate environmental microbiology into human and ecological risk assessment.Trade Review“This is an excellent publication, including primary data and detailed explanations of specific studies and techniques as well as review chapters. As both an introduction to a research area and a call for greater study and thought into how we regulate antimicrobial use in all spheres of society to limit further resistance, I highly recommend Antimicrobial resistance in the environment.” (Phenotype, 1 February 2013) “This book will be an ideal read for anyone seeking a comprehensive introduction to the many reservoirs and routes a resistance gene may pass through before or after its appearance in a clinical setting. Even experts in the field stand to gain knowledge regarding the complex web that is the issue of antibiotic resistance in the environment.” (The Quarterly Review of Biology, 1 December 2012) Table of ContentsPREFACE xi CONTRIBUTORS xv PART I SOURCES 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Stuart B. Levy Chapter 2 Path to Resistance 7 Vivian Miao, Dorothy Davies, and Julian Davies Chapter 3 Antibiotic Resistome: A Framework Linking the Clinic and the Environment 15 Gerard D. Wright Chapter 4 Ecological and Clinical Consequences of Antibiotic Subsistence by Environmental Microbes 29 Gautam Dantas and Morten O. A. Sommer Chapter 5 Importance of Adaptive and Stepwise Changes in the Rise and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance 43 Lucia Fernandez, Elena B. M. Breidenstein, and Robert E. W. Hancock Chapter 6 Environmental Reservoirs of Resistance Genes in Antibiotic-Producing Bacteria and Their Possible Impact on the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance 73 Paris Laskaris, William H. Gaze and Elizabeth M. H. Wellington Chapter 7 Mechanisms of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance and Lessons Learned from Environmental Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria 93 Marilyn C. Roberts Chapter 8 Environmental Antibiotic Resistome: New Insights from Culture-Independent Approaches 123 Isabel S. Henriques, Artur Alves, Maria Jose´ Saavedra, Mark H. M. M. Montforts, and Anto´nio Correia PART II FATE 149 Chapter 9 Environmental Pollution by Antibiotic Resistance Genes 151 Jose Luis Martinez and Jorge Olivares Chapter 10 Quantifying Anthropogenic Impacts on Environmental Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance 173 Amy Pruden and Mazdak Arabi Chapter 11 Antibiotic Resistance in Swine-Manure-Impacted Environments 203 Joanne Chee-Sanford, Scott Maxwell, Kristy Tsau, Kelly Merrick, and Rustam Aminov Chapter 12 Antimicrobial-Resistant Indicator Bacteria in Manure and the Tracking of Indicator Resistance Genes 225 Christina S. Ho¨lzel and Karin Schwaiger Chapter 13 Municipal Wastewater as a Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance 241 Timothy Lapara and Tucker Burch Chapter 14 Strategies to Assess and Minimize the Biological Risk of Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment 251 Thomas Schwartz Chapter 15 Antibiotic Resistance in Animals—The Australian Perspective 265 Olasumbo Ndi and Mary Barton PART III ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES AND RESISTANCE 291 Chapter 16 Detection and Occurrence of Antibiotics and Their Metabolites in Pig Manure in Bavaria (Germany) 293 Katrin Harms and Johann Bauer Chapter 17 Fate and Transport of Antibiotics in Soil Systems 309 Alistair B. A. Boxall Chapter 18 Antibiotics in the Aquatic Environment 325 Klaus Ku¨mmerer Chapter 19 Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Wild Fish 337 Thomas Heberer Chapter 20 Role of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment 349 Ulas Tezel and Spyros G. Pavlostathis PART IV EFFECTS AND RISKS 389 Chapter 21 Human Health Importance of use of Antimicrobials in Animals and Its Selection of Antimicrobial Resistance 391 Scott A. McEwen Chapter 22 Antimicrobial Resistance Associated with Salmonid Farming 423 Claudio D. Miranda Chapter 23 Effect of Veterinary Medicines Introduced via Manure into Soil on the Abundance and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance Genes on Their Transferability 453 Holger Heuer, Christoph Kopmann, Ute Zimmerling, Ellen Kro¨gerrecklenfort, Kristina Kleineidamm, Michael Schloter, Eva M. Top and Kornelia Smalla Chapter 24 Tracking Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes through the Composting Process and Field Distribution of Poultry Waste: Lessons Learned 465 Patricia L. Keen and Nancy De With Chapter 25 Environmental Microbial Communities Living Under Very High Antibiotic Selection Pressure 483 Anders Janzon, Erik Kristiansson, and D. G. Joakim Larsson Chapter 26 Antibiotic Use During an Influenza Pandemic: Downstream Ecological Effects and Antibiotic Resistance 503 Andrew C. Singer and Heike Schmitt Chapter 27 Use of Veterinary Antibacterial Agents in Europe and the United States 539 Ingeborg M. van Geijlswijk, Nico Bondt, Linda F. Puister-Jansen, and Dik J. Mevius Chapter 28 Regulatory Research on Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment 549 Emily A. McVey and Mark H. M. M. Montforts INDEX 569

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganized by substance and featuring the latest research on industrial toxicants, this book provides academics and professionals with an accessible reference and resource. The book offers comprehensive coverage, employing a succinct chapter format that has become Hamilton & Hardy s hallmark.Trade Review'Hamilton and Hardy�s Industrial Toxicology is now 80 years old, and the new sixth edition links us with a pioneer era.' (British Occupational Hygiene Society 2016) '...a useful reference text for occupational practitioners seeking a one-stop overview of the occupational toxicology of specific substances...' (Occupational Medicine,7th September 2016https://academic.oup.com/occmed/article-abstract/66/7/588/2222779/Hamilton-and-Hardy-s-Industrial-Toxicology?redirectedFrom=fulltext)Table of ContentsContributors xiii Abbreviations xvii The Heritage of Alice Hamilton MD and Harriet Hardy MD xix In Memory xxi Preface xxiii Section I Introduction 1 Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison 1 The Modern Approach to the Diagnosis of Occupational Disease 3 Raymond D. Harbison and Jeffrey H. Mandel 2 Controls of Occupational Diseases 13 Daniel A. Newfang, Giffe T. Johnson, and Raymond D. Harbison Section II Metals and Metalloids 19 Section Editor: Richard V. Lee 3 Introduction 21 Richard V. Lee 4 Alkali Compounds 25 Steve Morris and Ann Lurati 5 Aluminum 33 Giffe T. Johnson 6 Antimony 39 Marie M. Bourgeois 7 Arsenic 45 Janice S. Lee and Santhini Ramasamy 8 Barium 57 Marie M. Bourgeois 9 Beryllium 63 Alison J. Abritis and Raymond D. Harbison 10 Bismuth and Related Compounds 73 Paul Jonmaire 11 Boron 79 Giffe T. Johnson 12 Cadmium 85 Frank D. Stephen 13 Chromium 95 Kathleen Macmahon 14 Cobalt 101 Davinderjit Singh and Raymond D. Harbison 15 Copper 109 Marie M. Bourgeois 16 Gallium and Indium 115 Jayme P. Coyle and Raymond D. Harbison 17 Germanium 119 Marek Banasik 18 Gold 123 Marek Banasik 19 Iron 127 Steve Morris and Jayme P. Coyle 20 Lead 131 Frank D. Stephen 21 Lithium 141 Ushang Desai 22 Manganese 149 Alex Lebeau 23 Mercury 157 Frank D. Stephen 24 Molybdenum 167 Paul Jonmaire 25 Nickel 173 Robyn L. Prueitt and Julie E. Goodman 26 Tantalum and Niobium 183 Jayme P. Coyle and Raymond D. Harbison 27 Platinum Group Elements: Palladium, Iridium, Osmium, Rhodium, and Ruthenium 187 Alex Lebeau 28 Platinum 193 Alex Lebeau 29 Rare Earth Metals 199 Raymond D. Harbison and David R. Johnson 30 Selenium and its Compounds 205 Anna M. Fan and Marco Vinceti 31 Silver 229 Giffe T. Johnson 32 Tellurium 233 Marek Banasik 33 Thallium 239 Nikolay M. Filipov 34 Tin 247 Raymond D. Harbison and David R. Johnson 35 Titanium 253 Ushang Desai and Raymond D. Harbison 36 Tungsten 257 Kambria K. Haire and Raymond D. Harbison 37 Vanadium 261 James C. Ball and Maureen R. Gwinn 38 Zinc 277 Giffe T. Johnson 39 Hafnium and Zirconium 283 Kambria K. Haire, Jayme P. Coyle, and Raymond D. Harbison 40 Metal Fume Fever and Metal-Related Lung Disease 289 Thomas Truncale Section III Chemical Compounds I 301 Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison 41 Introduction 303 Raymond D. Harbison 42 Carbon Dioxide 305 Debra J. Price 43 Carbon Monoxide 309 Erin L. Pulster and James V. Hillman 44 Carbon Disulfide 317 Debra J. Price 45 Hydrogen Sulfide 325 Stephen C. Harbison and Jacob R. Bourgeois 46 Cyanide 331 Erin L. Pulster and James V. Hillman 47 Halogens 341 Joseph A. Puccio 48 Phosgene 357 Benjamin Wong, Michael W. Perkins, and Alfred M. Sciuto 49 Nitrogen Compounds 363 Kathleen T. Jenkins 50 Oxygen and Ozone 371 Robert A. Klocke 51 Phosphorus Compounds 383 M. Rony Francois and Frank Stephen 52 Sulfur Compounds 391 Frank Stephen and M. Rony Francois Section IV Organic Compounds 401 Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison 53 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 403 Mayowa Amosu, Nicole Nation, and Mary Alice Smith 54 Alcohols and Glycols 419 Kelly W. Hall 55 Aldehydes and Ketones 445 Jason S. Garcia and Raymond D. Harbison 56 Ethers and Epoxides 491 Erin L. Pulster, Jacob R. Bourgeois, and Raymond D. Harbison 57 Esters 505 Raymond D. Harbison and C. Clifford Conaway 58 Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 541 Michael H. Lumpkin 59 Other Halogenated Hydrocarbons 567 Michael H. Lumpkin 60 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 581 Raymond D. Harbison, Amora Mayo-Perez, David R. Johnson, and Marie M. Bourgeois 61 Amino and Nitro Compounds 615 David Y. Lai and Yin-Tak Woo 62 Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) 643 Janice S. Lee and Robyn Blain 63 Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (ETBE) 651 Keith D. Salazar 64 tert-Butyl Alcohol 657 Janice S. Lee 65 Naphthalene 663 Lisa A. Bailey, Laura E. Kerper, and Lorenz R. Rhomberg 66 Gasoline (Petrol, Motor Spirits, Motor Fuel, Natural Gasoline, Benzin, Mogas) 669 Raymond D. Harbison and Daniel A. Newfang 67 1-Bromopropane 677 Marek Banasik 68 Diacetyl 683 David J. Hewitt 69 Perfluoroalkyl Compounds 689 Jason S. Garcia and Raymond D. Harbison 70 Tetrahydrofuran 719 Ghazi A. Dannan 71 Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene) 727 David G. Dodge and Julie E. Goodman 72 Trichloroethylene 733 David G. Dodge and Julie E. Goodman 73 Acrylonitrile 741 Jason M. Fritz and April M. Luke Section V Organic High Polymers, Monomers, and Polymer Additives 755 Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison 74 Introduction 757 Raymond D. Harbison 75 Plastics 759 Marek Banasik 76 Elastomers 785 Marek Banasik 77 Synthetic Fibers 791 Marek Banasik 78 Bisphenol A (4,4´-Isopropylidenediphenol) 795 Julie E. Goodman, Lorenz R. Rhomberg, and Michael K. Peterson 79 Polystyrene/Styrene 809 Leslie A. Beyer and Julie E. Goodman 80 Phthalates 815 Robert W. Benson 81 Decabromodiphenyl Ethane 821 Marek Banasik 82 Tetrabromobisphenol A 827 David Y. Lai 83 Tris[2-Chloro-1-(Chloromethyl)Ethyl] Phosphate (TDCPP) 837 Marek Banasik 84 Tris(2-Chloro-1-Methylethyl) Phosphate (TCPP) 845 Marek Banasik Section VI Pesticides 855 Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison 85 Introduction 857 Raymond D. Harbison 86 Insecticides 859 Carol S. Wood 87 Herbicides 877 Giffe T. Johnson 88 Fungicides 901 Amora Mayo-Perez and Raymond D. Harbison 89 Rodenticides 917 Daniel L. Sudakin Section VII Dusts and Fibers 927 Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison 90 Introduction 929 David R. Johnson 91 Benign Dusts (Nuisance Dusts) 931 Humairat H. Rahman and Raymond D. Harbison 92 Fibrogenic Dusts 935 Charles Barton 93 Mixed Dusts 949 Charles Barton 94 Synthetic Vitreous Fibers 959 Thomas Truncale and Yehia Y. Hammad 95 Organic Dusts 969 David R. Johnson 96 Naturally Occurring Mineral Fibers 997 Ali K. Hamade, Christopher M. Long, and Peter A. Valberg 97 Nanoparticles 1025 Daniel A. Newfang, Giffe T. Johnson, and Raymond D. Harbison Section VIII Physical Agents 1029 Section Editor: Marie Bourgeois 98 Radio-Frequency Radiation 1031 R. Timothy Hitchcock 99 Optical Radiation: Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Infrared, and Lasers 1045 Joseph M. Greco 100 Ionizing Radiation 1055 Thomas A. Lewandowski, Juhi K. Chandalia, and Peter A. Valberg 101 Electromagnetic Waves (EMF and RF) and Health Effects 1069 Peter A. Valberg 102 Traumatogens Associated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1087 Joan M. Watkins 103 Vibration 1099 Donald E. Wasserman 104 Occupational Noise 1115 David L. Dahlstrom 105 Heat Stress Illness 1123 Marie M. Bourgeois and David R. Johnson Section IX Special Topics 1129 Section Editor: Raymond D. Harbison 106 Mode of Action/Human Relevance Framework 1131 M.E. (Bette) Meek 107 Carcinogenesis 1135 Carlos A. Muro-Cacho 108 Genotoxicity Testing Strategies, Guidelines, and Methods 1173 Ching-hung Hsu and Qingli Wang 109 Human Relevance of Rodent Leydig Cell Tumors 1189 Thomas J. Steinbach, Robert. R. Maronpot, and Jerry F. Hardisty 110 Reproductive Toxicology 1197 Judith W. Henck 111 Developmental Toxicology 1229 Thomas A. Lewandowski 112 Ototoxicity 1241 Matthew Mifsud and K. Paul Boyev 113 Dermal and Ocular Toxicity 1247 Jayme P. Coyle, Alison J. Abritis, Amora Mayo-Perez, Marie M. Bourgeois, and Raymond D. Harbison 114 Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome (RADS) 1259 David J. Hewitt 115 Pulmonary Sensitization 1263 David J. Hewitt 116 “Street” and Prescription Drug Abuse 1267 Sharon S. Kelley, James Godin, and John Christie 117 Mycotoxins 1283 Clara Y. Chan and Bruce J. Kelman 118 Phosphine 1295 Michael W. Perkins, Benjamin Wong, Dorian Olivera, and Alfred Sciuto 119 Diesel Exhaust 1301 J. Michael Berg, Phillip T. Goad, and Thomas W. Hesterberg 120 Spaceflight Operations 1311 Michael A. Cardinale, Philip J. Scarpa, James R. Taffer, and Daniel Woodard 121 Regulatory Toxicology 1321 David M. Polanic and Marek Banasik Index 1331

Read more less

Book SynopsisChemical Exposures: Low Levels and High Stakes explains how day-to-day variations in chemical exposure may cause unusual and seemingly unpredictable symptoms, including many that have been termed psychosomatic in the past.Table of ContentsDEFINING CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY. Chemical Exposures and Sensitive Populations. Key Terms and Concepts. Origins of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Effects on Health. MECHANISMS, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT. Mechanisms of Multiple Chemical Sensitivities. Diagnosis and Treatment. RESPONDING TO THE PROBLEM. Needs, Concerns, and Recommendations. UPDATE SINCE THE FIRST EDITION. Recent Developments. Key Research Findings Since the First Edition. Reviews, Commentaries, and Polemics. Research and Medical Needs. Epilogue. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisDemography in Ecotoxicology focuses on the interface between toxicology, life history and demographic theory. This comprehensive book examines the different ways of adequately assessing the potential impact of toxic stress on populations and discusses how to obtain an insight into the underlying physiological and genetic mechanisms.Trade Review"this book will be valuable to ecotoxicologists, ecologists and wildlife conservationists..." --Water 21, February 2001Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Series Foreword Preface Introduction Demographic Approaches in Ecotoxicology: State of the Art (J. Kammenga R. Laskowski) The Toxicologists' and Ecologists' Point of View-Unification through a Demographic Approach (J. Stark J. Banks) Demographic Changes Dynamic Effects of Compounds on Animal Energetics and Their Population Consequences (B. Kooijman J. Bedaux) Life Table Response Experiments in Ecotoxicology (H. Caswell) Stochastic and Density-dependent Models in Ecotoxicology (R. Laskowski) Effects of Heavy Metals on the Badger Meles meles: Interaction between Habitat Quality and Fragmentation (C. Klok, et al.) Cadmium and Zinc Accumulation and Its Demographic Effects in Invertebrates (P. Kramarz) Small Mammal Response at Population and Community Level to Heavy Metal Pollution (Pb, Cd, Tl) (K. Dmowski, et al.) Evolution in Polluted Environments Evolution in Toxic Environments: Quantitative Versus Major Gene Approaches (R. Woods A. Hoffmann) Review of Experimental Evidence for Physiological Costs of Tolerance to Toxicants (N. van Straalen A. Hoffmann) Multi-generation Effects at the Population Level: Fitness Maximisation and Optimal Allocation in a Nematode (J. Kammenga, et al.) Optimal Allocation, Life History and Heavy Metal Accumulation: a Dynamic Programming Model (M. Janczur, et al.) Preadapted Populations in Metal-polluted Environments (A. Rozen) Relationships between Enzymatic Response and Animal Population Demography in Polluted Environments (P. Migula) Tissue Changes in Animals and Their Population Effects (R. wiergosz) Open Problems and Recommendations for Risk Assessment Demographic Approaches in Ecotoxicology-Open Problems (J. Kammenga R. Laskowski) Implications for Ecological Risk Assessment: The Risk Quotient Life-cycle Approach (J. Kammenga) Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisBiomolecular injury is damage inflicted by a reactive molecule on a biological molecule. This work presents up-to-date and wide-ranging information in a user-friendly format for research scientists specializing in food and nutrition-based toxicology.Table of ContentsMACROMOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND THE ROLE OF ANTIOXIDANTS. Membrane Lipid and Lipoprotein Injury: Prevention by Antioxidants (H. Wiseman & T. Ridgway). DNA Injury: Prevention by Antioxidants (R. Hambly). Protein Injury: Prevention by Antioxidants (B. Evans & J. Woodward). GENE EXPRESSION AND CELL MEDIATED MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY EXPRESSION. Xenobiotic Metabolism and Bioactivation by Cytochromes P-450 (C. Ioannides). Apoptosis Triggered by Free Radicals: Role in Human Diseases (G. Kass, et al.). HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS. Dietary Phytoestrogens, Oestrogens and Tamoxifen: Mechanisms of Action in Modulation of Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention of Heart Disease (H. Wiseman). Strategies for the Removal of Ecotoxicants: Environmental Oestrogens and Oestrogen-Mimics (T. Ridgway & H. Wiseman). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAims to bring together key features of toxicology and occupational hazards of pesticides and the way their use is regulated in trading regions of the world. This book also covers fungicides and herbicides, as well as specialised agents such as microbial pesticides.Trade Review"Toxicologists, toxicologic pathologists, and others involved in the manufacture, use, and regulation of pesticides would be interested in this reference…" (Veterinary Pathology, July 2005) "...a good account of [the] properties and the effects of exposure...a superb bibliography..." (Bulletin of the Royal College of Pathologists, July 2004) "...impressed with the scope of the book...very up-to-date...an invaluable reference source..." (The British Toxicological Society, No. 24, Summer 2004) “…well researched and well organised.” (Applied Organometallic Chemistry, Vol 18 No 8 August 2004) “…an excellent resource for chemists and toxicologists in the pesticide industry, academia, pesticide regulators and regulatory affairs professionals.” (Chemistry and Industry, 18th October 2004) Table of ContentsPreface. List of Contributors. Frequently Used Abbreviations. Toxicity Classifications and Hazard Ratings. 1. Pesticides: An Overview of Fundamentals (Bryan Ballantyne & Timothy Marrs). PART I: INSECTICIDES. 2. Toxicology of Organochlorine Insecticides (Andrew G. Smith). 3. Anticholinesterase Insecticides (Charles M. Thompson and Rudy J. Richardson ). 4. Toxicology of Pyrethrins and Synthetic Pyrethroids (David E. Ray). 5. Toxicology of miscellaneous insecticides (Roland Solecki). PART II: FUNGICIDES, HERBICIDESM AND GROWTH REGULATORS. 6. Toxicology of Fungicides (Bryan Ballantyne). 7. Toxicology of Herbicides (Timothy C. Marrs). PART III: SPECIAL TYPES OF PESTICIDE. 8. Microbial Pesticides (Ian C. Dewhurst). 9. Biocides (Bryan Ballantyne and Susan L. Jordan). PART IV: RESIDUES. 10. Variability of Residues in Unprocessed Food Items and its Impact on Consumer Risk Assessment (Caroline A. Harris and Alan R. C. Hill). PART V: HUMAN ASPECTS. 11. Occupational Aspects of Pesticide Toxicity in Humans (Angelo Moretto). 12. Treatment of Pesticide Poisoning (Gregory P. Wedin and Blaine E. Benson). PART VI: REGULATION. 13. Regulation of Pesticides and Biocides in the European Union (Deborah J. Hussey and Graham M. Bell). 14. Regulation in NAFTA (Cheryl E. A. Chaffey and Virginia A. Dobozy). 15. The Regulatory System in Japan (Kannosuke Fujimori). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisT Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Immunotoxicology Edited by Ian Kimber ZENECA Pharmaceuticals, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK and Mary Jane K. Selgrade US Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, NC, USA Immunotoxicology is a diverse discipline that embraces the investigation of the adverse health effects that may result from the interaction of xenobiotics with the immune system. T lymphocytes orchestrate adaptive immune responses and are of central importance in the consideration of immunotoxicity. These cells and/or the tissue responsible for their functional maturation (the thymus) have been implicated as the primary or secondary targets for chemical insult. Moreover, T lymphocytes play pivotal roles in the induction and elicitation of chemical and protein allergy and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Classically, T lymphocytes have been divided into two main populations: CD4 helper T cells and Table of ContentsT Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Immunotoxicology: An Introduction (I. Kimber & M. Selgrade). Functional Subpopulations of CD4¯+ T Lymphocytes (L. Krishnan & T. Mosmann). Functional Subpopulations of CD8¯+ T Lymphocytes (D. Kemeny, et al.). T Lymphocyte Subpopulations and TCDD Immunotoxicity (N. Kerkvliet). T Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Immunotoxicology of Drugs of Abuse (M. Holsapple, et al.). Oxidative Stress and Heavy Metal Modification of T Lymphocyte Subsets (J. Krieger, et al.). The Effect of UV Exposure on the Activation of T-Cell Subsets (S. Ullrich). T Helper Cell Clones and In Vitro Assessment of Immunotoxicity (B. Lawrence & N. Kerkvliet). Influence of the Sympathetic Nervous System on T Helper Cell Function (V. Sanders, et al.). Endocrine Regulation of T Lymphocyte Subpopulations (G. Rook, et al.). T Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Immune Responses to Chemical Allergens (I. Kimber & R. Dearman). T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Human Allergic Disease (M. Schuyler & J. Wilder). Modulation of T Lymphocyte Responses by Air Pollutants (M. Gilmour & M. Selgrade). T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Autoimmune Responses to Chemicals and Drugs (D. Oliveira & J. Coleman). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe complex and fascinating subject of endocrinology can often seem rather daunting for non-specialists. For practising endocrinologists too, maintaining a broad overview of the subject can be a major task. Laboratory Animal Endocrinology has been written with both these audiences in mind. Focusing on the species regularly used in experimental studies (including rodents, dogs and monkeys), each chapter presents a wealth of information on hormone structure, synthesis, secretion, receptors, second messengers and their actions, and considers the various physiological and pharmacological processes which may be involved in hormonal regulation. Interspecies'' differences in hormonal structure, metabolism and interactions with drugs and other chemicals are particularly important to toxicologists and in drug safety evaluation. Laboratory Animal Endocrinology also explores these areas of research and provides much-needed support for the interpolation of endocrine data from one test species to aTable of ContentsOrganisation of Endocrine Systems. Endocrine Evolution. The Hypothalamus. The Pituitary. Thyroid and Parathyroid Hormones. The Adrenal Glands. Atrial Natriuretic Factor. The Endocrine Pancreas. Gastrointestinal Hormones. Reproductive Hormones. Endothelin. Erythropoietin. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTraces of bisphenol A or BPA, a chemical used in plastics production, are widely detected in our bodies and environment. This title explores the roots of the contemporary debate over the safety of BPA, and the concerns presented by its estrogen-like effects even at low doses.Table of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Abbreviations Measurements Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Plastic Food 2. The "Toxicity Crisis" of the 1960s and 1970s 3. Regulatory Toxicity Testing and Environmental Estrogens 4. Endocrine Disruption: New Science, New Risks 5. The Low-Dose Debate 6. Battles over Bisphenol A Epilogue Notes Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade ReviewFrom customer reviews of the previous edition: 2018 BMA Awards: Winner, Internal Medicine "This book is amazing helpful. It goes through every core condition you need and is simply written and to the point but has all the information that is needed. As a medical student this book has been great for my studies" "Great book, small enough to take on the wards, full of information on the go. I love it." "Excellent little companion book." "Good book. It has all the basics that student needs to revise, write assignments etc"Table of Contents1 Ethics and Communication 2 Infectious Diseases 3 Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4 Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreatic Disease 5 Haematological Disease 6 Malignant Disease 7 Rheumatology 8 Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance 9 Renal Disease 10 Cardiovascular Disease 11 Respiratory Disease 12 Critical Care Medicine 13 Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 14 Endocrine Disease 15 Diabetes Mellitus and Other Disorders of Metabolism 16 The Special Senses 17 Neurology 18 Dermatology 19 Elderly Medicine and Frailty

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe landmark book about the toxicity of everyday life, updated, revised and re-issued for its 10th anniversary, along with the experiments from Smith and Lourie''s second book, Toxin Toxout.It''s amazing how little can change in a decade. In 2009, a book transformed the way we see our frying pans, thermometers and tuna sandwiches. Daily life was bathing us in countless toxins that accumulated in our tissues, were passed on to our children and damaged our health. To expose the extent of this toxification, environmentalists Rick Smith and Bruce Lourie offered themselves to science and undertook a series of over a dozen experiments to briefly raise their personal levels of mercury, BPA, Teflon and other pollutants. The ease with which ordinary activities caused dangerous levels to build in their bodies was a wake-up call, and readers all over the world responded. But did government regulators and corporations? Ten years later, there is good news. But not much. Concise, shocking, practical and hopeful, this new combined edition of one of the most important books ever published about green living will put the nasty stuff back where it belongs: on the national agenda and out of our bodies.

Read more less