Electrical power generation Books

Book SynopsisSolar power has come of age. Not only has it become one of the key alternatives to fossil fuels, it can now be deployed in a way that makes a viable business with a financial profit. This book shows industry professionals and students how to do just that.Solarnomics describes the economics of building and operating a solar power plant today and provides a window into a future in which several technologies collaborate, and in which all participants in the electricity grid become smarter at scheduling both the supply and demand for electric power to give humanity a future that is sustainable, both environmentally and economically. The book shows how to estimate costs and revenues, how to tweak the design of a project to improve profitability, how to calculate return on investment, how to assess and deal with risk, how to raise capital, how to combine solar with batteries to make a hybrid microgrid, and how to be prepared for future developments in the evolving smart elTrade Review"Essential knowledge for the solar entrepreneur, Solarnomics is that rare book that discusses the technical and business aspects of solar power on equal footing. Wright succeeds in delivering the practical information needed to navigate today’s solar market."Chris Giebink, Head of Applied Optoelectronics and Photonics Lab, Penn State University"Solarnomics provides a thorough and well-rounded perspective on the ins and outs of running a profitable solar business. As solar power becomes increasingly important as we move towards a low carbon economy, this book can act as a toolkit for the solar leaders of tomorrow as they look to understand the risks and returns made possible through solar business."Katherine Arblaster, Senior Manager, Monitor Deloitte "Professor Wright shows how evolving solar and green technologies can benefit established economic sectors. Solar energy financing is key to project success. This book provides financial options available to the reader in an engaging manner."David Arenburg, President, DAI Inc"Down to basics, straight to the core of the issue, yet insightful – a reading I recommend for anyone interested in solar economics who doesn't want to go to the trouble of getting a PhD in photovoltaics."Yves Poissant, Research Manager and Senior Specialist in Solar Photovoltaic Technologies, CanmetENERGYTable of ContentsPart I: Deploying Solar 1. Utility-Scale: Large Solar 2. Behind-the-Meter, Commercial and Industrial: Medium-Sized Solar 3. Behind-the-Meter, Small Business and Residential: Small Solar 4. Off Grid: Small to Large Solar Part II: Solar Profitability 5. Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 6. Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) 7. Solar Finance 8. Managing Risk Part III: Getting the Biggest Bang for Your Solar Buck 9. Storage: Improving Solar Profitability 10. Profitability of Solar Microgrids and Hybrids 11. Extra Revenue from Grid-Balancing Services Part IV: Preparing for Future Solar Opportunities 12. Participative/Transactive Electricity Markets 13. Emerging Solar Technologies 14. Emerging Solar Applications 15. Profitability Analysis for Emerging Solar Technologies

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Book SynopsisThe first textbook to present a comprehensive and detailed economic analysis of electricity markets, analyzing the tensions between microeconomics and political economy.The power industry is essential in our fight against climate change. This book is the first to examine in detail the microeconomics underlying power markets, stemming from peak-load pricing, by which prices are low when the installed generation capacity exceeds demand but can rise a hundred times higher when demand is equal to installed capacity. The outcome of peak-load pricing is often difficult to accept politically, and the book explores the tensions between microeconomics and political economy. Understanding peak-load pricing and its implications is essential for designing robust policies and making sound investment decisions. Thomas-Olivier Léautier presents the model in its simplest form, and introduces additional features as different issues are presented. The book

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Book SynopsisProvides econometric analysis of power markets around the world, gives an understanding of their particular characteristics, and assesses the applicability of various methods of price modelling. This book focuses on financial engineering, industrial economics and power systems analysis, as they relate to the behaviour of electricity markets.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. Preface. 1 Structural and Behavioural Foundations of Competitive Electricity Prices (Derek W. Bunn). PART I: PRICES AND STRATEGIC COMPETITION. 2 Competitors? Response Representation for Market Simulation in the Spanish Daily Market (Efraim Centeno Hernáez, Julián Barquín Gil, José Ignacio de la Fuente León, Antonio Muñoz San Roque, Mariano J. Ventosa Rodríguez, Javier García González, Alicia Mateo González, and Agustín Martín Calmarza). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Hourly bidding-based Spanish electricity markets. 2.3 A two-phase clustering procedure for the analysis of bid functions. 2.4 Forecasting methods for residual demand functions using time series (ARIMA) models. 2.5 Discovering electricity market states for forecasting the residual demand function using input?output hidden Markov models. 2.6 Conjectural variations approach for modelling electricity markets. 2.7 Conclusions. Appendix: Nomenclature. References. 3 Complementarity-Based Equilibrium Modeling for Electric Power Markets (Benjamin F. Hobbs and Udi Helman). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Definitions. 3.3 A general complementarity-based model of energy commodity markets. 3.4 A comparison of two approaches to modeling Cournot generators on a transmission network. 3.5 A large-scale application: the North American Eastern Interconnection. 3.6 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. References. 4 Price Impact of Horizontal Mergers in the British Generation Market (John Bower). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 England and Wales wholesale electricity market. 4.3 Analysis. 4.4 Price forecast. General references. Ofgem references. PART II: SPOT MARKET DYNAMICS. 5 Testing for Weekly Seasonal Unit Roots in the Spanish Power Pool (Angel Le´on and Antonio Rubia). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Data. 5.3 Testing for seasonal unit roots. 5.4 Concluding remarks. Appendix A: Prewhitening procedure. Appendix B: Critical values of the HEGY test. Acknowledgements. References. 6 Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of Alberta?s Deregulated Electricity Market (Apostolos Serletis and Ioannis Andreadis). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 A noise model. 6.3 A multifractal formalism setting. 6.4 On turbulent behavior. 6.5 On nonlinearity. 6.6 On chaos. 6.7 Conclusion. Acknowledgments. References. 7 Quantile-Based Probabilistic Models for Electricity Prices (Shi-Jie Deng and Wenjiang Jiang). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Quantile-based distributions and the modelling of marginal distributions of electricity price. 7.3 Quantile-GARCH models and the modelling of time series of electricity price. 7.4 Parameter Inference. 7.5 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 8 Forecasting Time-Varying Covariance Matrices in the Intradaily Spot Market of Argentina (Angel León and Antonio Rubia). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 VAR analysis for block bids. 8.3 Modelling the conditional covariance matrix. 8.4 Forecasting conditional covariance matrices. 8.5 Concluding remarks. Acknowledgements. References. PART III: SPATIAL PRICE INTERACTIONS. 9 Identifying Dynamic Interactions in Western US Spot Markets (Christine A. Jerko, James W. Mjelde and David A. Bessler). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Data. 9.3 Methods. 9.4 Results. 9.5 Discussion. References. 10 Transmission of Prices and Volatility in the Australian Electricity Spot Markets (Andrew C. Worthington and Helen Higgs). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Data and summary statistics. 10.3 Multivariate GARCH model. 10.4 Empirical results. 10.5 Conclusion. References. PART IV: FORWARD PRICES. 11 Forecasting Higher Moments of the Power Price Using Medium-Term Equilibrium Economics and the Value of Security of Supply (Chris Harris). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Construction of the moments of price. 11.3 Worked example. 11.4 Commentary. 11.5 Conclusions. References. 12 Modeling Electricity Forward Curve Dynamics in the Nordic Market (Nicolas Audet, Pirja Heiskanen, Jussi Keppo and Iivo Vehviläinen). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 The model. 12.3 Forward model in the Nordic market. 12.4 Model usage examples. 12.5 Conclusion. Appendix: Estimation of model parameters. Acknowledgments. References. 13 The Forward Curve Dynamic and Market Transition Forecasts (Svetlana Borovkova). 13.1 The term structure of commodity futures prices. 13.2 Forecasting market transitions. 13.3 Critical regions and bootstrap methods. 13.4 Application to electricity and oil futures. 13.5 Concluding remarks. References. PART V: FORECASTING AND RISK MANAGEMENT. 14 Price Modelling for Profit at Risk Management (Jacob Lemming). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Electricity price modelling. 14.3 A profit at risk risk management model. 14.4 Modelling input parameters. 14.5 Experimental results. 14.6 Conclusions. References. 15 ForecastingWeather Variable Densities for Weather Derivatives and Electricity Prices (James W. Taylor). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Weather ensemble predictions. 15.3 Univariate time series modelling of weather variables. 15.4 Empirical comparison of weather point forecasts. 15.5 Empirical comparison of weather quantile forecasts. 15.6 Summary of the analysis of temperature, wind speed and cloud cover. 15.7 Forecasting the payoff density for a weather derivative. 15.8 Electricity demand modelling. 15.9 Concluding comments. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe electricity sector is facing its toughest test: eliminate carbon emissions while meeting much larger demands for power and adjusting to massive disruptions in its markets, technologies, business models, and policies. Peter Fox-Penner unwinds the industry’s fast-moving challenges and makes realistic recommendations for this essential industry.Trade ReviewPower after Carbon calls to attention the dramatic changes in the electric power sector over the last decade. Fox-Penner leads us on a serious exploration of the various technologies, fuels, and system designs that transcend easy fixes to today’s challenges and opportunities: the drive for net zero carbon emissions; the rise of wind and solar; and the emphasis on both reliability and resilience. -- Ernest Moniz, former US Secretary of EnergyPeter Fox-Penner is among the world’s most respected and admired electricity experts—deeply informed, astute, and wise. This clear and engaging distillation of his insights will enlighten and stimulate readers in all sectors and at all levels. -- Amory B. Lovins, Cofounder and Chairman Emeritus, Rocky Mountain InstituteClearly written, assiduously researched, and never fantastical, Power after Carbon is a delight-filled primer for how to overhaul our electricity grid for the twenty-first century. If Fox-Penner can imagine and explain a carbon free system, then surely we can conceive of a way to build it! -- Gretchen Bakke, author of The Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy FutureExamines many important issues that require attention if society elects to accelerate carbon emission reductions through greater electrification of transportation and other end uses for energy…Fox-Penner has written a magnum opus for electricity regulators and other analysts working in this area. -- William F. Hederman * Regulation *Peter Fox-Penner has once again written a book that captures the zeitgeist of the electric utility industry at a pivotal moment. How we decarbonize the US power supply and incorporate new technologies, while still providing reliable and affordable electric service, is a daunting task. Power after Carbon lays out both the challenges and possible paths forward in a clear and cogent way, and should be required reading for anyone who wants to understand this industry. -- Sue Kelly, former President and CEO, American Public Power AssociationThe rapid transition to 100 percent clean energy generation requires not only political will, but also an understanding of the difficult choices that decision makers and advocates must address. This book clearly and comprehensively explains the decisions that must be made, the steps that must be taken, and the interactions between policy and technology judgments that must be understood. It is a must-read if we are to succeed in this critical task. -- Ken Berlin, President and CEO, The Climate Reality ProjectFox-Penner does it again! This unique, timely, and invaluable addition to the canon confronts our powerlessness before the ‘Almighty Grid’ and organizes our collective thinking in the wider field. A must-read for anyone interested in the energy transition that will affect us all. -- Malik Dahlan, Chair of International Law and Public Policy, Energy Law Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonIt is increasingly clear that climate change is the central issue of this century, yet global emissions continue to rise. On paper, decarbonizing the electric system is the easy part, but in the real world, it’s not so simple. In Power after Carbon, Peter Fox-Penner tackles the many thorny questions that arise, presenting a vision for how change is possible, if we rise to the occasion. -- Jeremy Grantham, Cofounder and Chief Investment Strategist, Grantham, Mayo & van OtterlooIn Power after Carbon, Fox-Penner uses his options framework to address the energy industry’s advances over the last decade. This excellent book will be particularly valuable to industry leaders, policymakers, and other stakeholders as we design the paths forward for our companies, and the customers and communities we serve. -- Robert Rowe, President and CEO, Northwestern EnergyAs the world sits on the precipice of an energy transformation, Power after Carbon provides a detailed look at the technology and policy challenges we will need to confront on the way to a fully clean grid. Even though the scope of the change is immense, Fox-Penner deftly paints a clear vision of what is possible, making this book an essential resource for anyone looking to understand what comes next in our energy future. -- Alicia Barton, President and CEO, New York State Energy Research and Development AuthorityIf you’re serious about climate policy, read this book. -- Joseph Romm, author of Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know

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Book SynopsisWhat are the benefits of electrified propulsion for large aircraft? What technology advancements are required to realize these benefits? How can the aerospace industry transition from today''s technologies to state-of-the-art electrified systems? Learn the answers with this multidisciplinary text, combining expertise from leading researchers in electrified aircraft propulsion. The book includes broad coverage of electrification technologies spanning power systems and power electronics, materials science, superconductivity and cryogenics, thermal management, battery chemistry, system design, and system optimization and a clear-cut road map identifying remaining gaps between the current state-of-the-art and future performance technologies. Providing expert guidance on areas for future research and investment and an ideal introduction to cutting-edge advances and outstanding challenges in large electric aircraft design, this is a perfect resource for graduate students, researchers, elecTable of Contents1. Benefits of electrified propulsion for large aircraft Rodger Dyson, Ralph Jansen and Nateri Madavan; 2. Aircraft electric power system design, control, and protection Robert Bayles; 3. Megawatt-scale electric machines for electrified aircraft propulsion Tim C. O'Connell and Xiaolong Zhang; 4. Superconducting machines and cables Thanatheepan Balachandran, Tim Haugan and Kiruba Haran; 5. Conventional power electronics for electrified aircraft propulsion Patrick Wheeler; 6. Cryogenic power electronics Zheyu Zhang, Fei (Fred) Wang and Ruirui Chen; 7. Electrochemical energy storage and conversion for electrified aircraft Ajay Misra; 8. Thermal management of electrified propulsion systems Charles E. Lents; 9. Performance assessment of electrified aircraft Jonathan C. Gladin.

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Book SynopsisExplains the mechanisms governing flow-induced vibrations and helps engineers prevent fatigueand fretting-weardamageatthe designstage Fatigue orfretting-wear damagein processand plantequipment caused by flow-induced vibrationcan lead tooperational disruptions, lost production, andexpensiverepairs.Mechanical engineers can helppreventor mitigatethese problemsduringthe designphase of high capital cost plants such as nuclear power stations and petroleum refineries by performing thorough flow-induced vibration analysis.Accordingly, it is critical for mechanical engineers to have a firmunderstanding of the dynamic parameters and the vibration excitation mechanisms that govern flow-induced vibration. Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipmentprovides the knowledge required to prevent failures due to flow-induced vibration at the design stage. The product of more than 40 years of research and development at the Canadian Nuclear LaboratoriesTable of ContentsPreface xv Acknowledgments xvii Contributors xix 1 Introduction and Typical Vibration Problems 1 Michel J. Pettigrew 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Some Typical Component Failures 2 1.3 Dynamics of Process System Components 9 1.3.1 Multi-Span Heat Exchanger Tubes 9 1.3.2 Other Nuclear and Process Components 10 Notes 10 References 10 2 Flow-Induced Vibration of Nuclear and Process Equipment: An Overview 13 Michel J. Pettigrew and Colette E. Taylor 2.1 Introduction 13 2.1.1 Flow-Induced Vibration Overview 13 2.1.2 Scope of a Vibration Analysis 14 2.2 Flow Calculations 14 2.2.1 Flow Parameter Definition 14 2.2.2 Simple Flow Path Approach 15 2.2.3 Comprehensive 3-D Approach 16 2.2.4 Two-Phase Flow Regime 18 2.3 Dynamic Parameters 18 2.3.1 Hydrodynamic Mass 18 2.3.2 Damping 19 2.4 Vibration Excitation Mechanisms 25 2.4.1 Fluidelastic Instability 25 2.4.2 Random Turbulence Excitation 27 2.4.3 Periodic Wake Shedding 31 2.4.4 Acoustic Resonance 34 2.4.5 Susceptibility to Resonance 35 2.5 Vibration Response Prediction 36 2.5.1 Fluidelastic Instability 37 2.5.2 Random Turbulence Excitation 38 2.5.3 Periodic Wake Shedding 38 2.5.4 Acoustic Resonance 38 2.5.5 Example of Vibration Analysis 38 2.6 Fretting-Wear Damage Considerations 40 2.6.1 Fretting-Wear Assessment 40 2.6.2 Fretting-Wear Coefficients 41 2.6.3 Wear Depth Calculations 42 2.7 Acceptance Criteria 42 2.7.1 Fluidelastic Instability 42 2.7.2 Random Turbulence Excitation 43 2.7.3 Periodic Wake Shedding 43 2.7.4 Tube-to-Support Clearance 43 2.7.5 Acoustic Resonance 43 2.7.6 Two-Phase Flow Regimes 43 Note 43 References 44 3 Flow Considerations 47 John M. Pietralik, Liberat N. Carlucci, Colette E. Taylor, and Michel J. Pettigrew 3.1 Definition of the Problem 47 3.2 Nature of the Flow 48 3.2.1 Introduction 48 3.2.2 Flow Parameter Definitions 50 3.2.3 Vertical Bubbly Flow 54 3.2.4 Flow Around Bluff Bodies 55 3.2.5 Shell-Side Flow in Tube Bundles 56 3.2.6 Air-Water versus Steam-Water Flows 63 3.2.7 Effect of Nucleate Boiling Noise 63 3.2.8 Summary 67 3.3 Simplified Flow Calculation 67 3.4 Multi-Dimensional Thermalhydraulic Analysis 74 3.4.1 Steam Generator 74 3.4.2 Other Heat Exchangers 78 Acronyms 81 Nomenclature 81 Subscripts 82 Notes 83 References 83 4 Hydrodynamic Mass, Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes 87 Daniel J. Gorman, Colette E. Taylor, and Michel J. Pettigrew 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Total Tube Mass 88 4.2.1 Single-Phase Flow 89 4.2.2 Two-Phase Flow 90 4.3 Free Vibration Analysis of Straight Tubes 93 4.3.1 Free Vibration Analysis of a Single-Span Tube 94 4.3.2 Free Vibration Analysis of a Two-Span Tube 97 4.3.3 Free Vibration Analysis of a Multi-Span Tube 99 4.4 Basic Theory for Curved Tubes 100 4.4.1 Theory of Curved Tube In-Plane Free Vibration 102 4.4.2 Theory of Curved Tube Out-of-Plane Free Vibration 104 4.5 Free Vibration Analysis of U-Tubes 105 4.5.1 Setting Boundary Conditions for the In-Plane Free Vibration Analysis of U-Tubes Possessing Geometric Symmetry 106 4.5.2 Development of the In-Plane Eigenvalue Matrix for a Symmetric U-Tube 109 4.5.3 Generation of Eigenvalue Matrices for Out-of-Plane Free Vibration Analysis of U-Tubes Possessing Geometric Symmetry 109 4.5.4 Free Vibration Analysis of U-Tubes Which Do Not Possess Geometric Similarity 112 4.6 Concluding Remarks 114 Nomenclature 115 References 116 5 Damping of Cylindrical Structures in Single-Phase Fluids 119 Michel J. Pettigrew 5.1 Introduction 119 5.2 Energy Dissipation Mechanisms 119 5.3 Approach 123 5.4 Damping in Gases 124 5.4.1 Effect of Number of Supports 127 5.4.2 Effect of Frequency 128 5.4.3 Vibration Amplitude 128 5.4.4 Effect of Diameter or Mass 128 5.4.5 Effect of Side Loads 128 5.4.6 Effect of Higher Modes 129 5.4.7 Effect of Support Thickness 129 5.4.8 Effect of Clearance 132 5.5 Design Recommendations for Damping in Gases 132 5.6 Damping in Liquids 133 5.6.1 Tube-to-Fluid Viscous Damping 133 5.6.2 Damping at the Supports 136 5.6.3 Squeeze-Film Damping 138 5.6.4 Damping due to Sliding 141 5.6.5 Semi-Empirical Formulation of Tube-Support Damping 143 5.7 Discussion 147 5.8 Design Recommendations for Damping in Liquids 148 5.8.1 Simple Criterion Based on Available Data 148 5.8.2 Criterion Based on the Formulation of Energy Dissipation Mechanisms 148 Nomenclature 149 Subscripts 150 References 151 6 Damping of Cylindrical Structures in Two-Phase Flow 155 Michel J. Pettigrew and Colette E. Taylor 6.1 Introduction 155 6.2 Sources of Information 155 6.3 Approach 157 6.4 Two-Phase Flow Conditions 158 6.4.1 Definition of Two-Phase Flow Parameters 158 6.4.2 Flow Regime 161 6.5 Parametric Dependence Study 162 6.5.1 Effect of Flow Velocity 163 6.5.2 Effect of Void Fraction 163 6.5.3 Effect of Confinement 168 6.5.4 Effect of Tube Mass 168 6.5.5 Effect of Tube Vibration Frequency 168 6.5.6 Effect of Tube Bundle Configuration 169 6.5.7 Effect of Motion of Surrounding Tubes 169 6.5.8 Effect of Flow Regime 170 6.5.9 Effect of Fluid Properties 171 6.6 Development of Design Guidelines 172 6.7 Discussion 177 6.7.1 Damping Formulation 177 6.7.2 Two-Phase Damping Mechanisms 177 6.8 Summary Remarks 178 Nomenclature 178 Subscripts 179 Note 179 References 180 7 Fluidelastic Instability of Tube Bundles in Single-Phase Flow 183 Michel J. Pettigrew and Colette E. Taylor 7.1 Introduction 183 7.2 Nature of Fluidelastic Instability 183 7.3 Fluidelastic Instability: Analytical Modelling 185 7.4 Fluidelastic Instability: Semi-Empirical Models 186 7.5 Approach 191 7.6 Important Definitions 191 7.6.1 Tube Bundle Configurations 191 7.6.2 Flow Velocity Definition 191 7.6.3 Critical Velocity for Fluidelastic Instability 196 7.6.4 Damping 197 7.6.5 Tube Frequency 198 7.7 Parametric Dependence Study 198 7.7.1 Flexible versus Rigid Tube Bundles 198 7.7.2 Damping 201 7.7.3 Pitch-to-Diameter Ratio, P/D 201 7.7.4 Fluidelastic Instability Formulation 204 7.8 Development of Design Guidelines 206 7.9 In-Plane Fluidelastic Instability 209 7.10 Axial Flow Fluidelastic Instability 212 7.11 Concluding Remarks 213 Nomenclature 214 Subscript 214 References 215 8 Fluidelastic Instability of Tube Bundles in Two-Phase Flow 219 Michel J. Pettigrew and Colette E. Taylor 8.1 Introduction 219 8.2 Previous Research 219 8.2.1 Flow-Induced Vibration in Two-Phase Axial Flow 220 8.2.2 Flow-Induced Vibration in Two-Phase Cross Flow 221 8.2.3 Damping Studies 221 8.3 Fluidelastic Instability Mechanisms in Two-Phase Cross Flow 221 8.4 Fluidelastic Instability Experiments in Air-Water Cross Flow 224 8.4.1 Initial Experiments in Air-Water Cross Flow 224 8.4.2 Behavior in Intermittent Flow 227 8.4.3 Effect of Bundle Geometry 229 8.4.4 Flexible versus Rigid Tube Bundle Behavior 230 8.4.5 Hydrodynamic Coupling 232 8.5 Analysis of the Fluidelastic Instability Results 234 8.5.1 Defining Critical Mass Flux and Instability Constant 234 8.5.2 Comparison with Results of Other Researchers 235 8.5.3 Summary of Air-Water Tests 238 8.6 Tube Bundle Vibration in Two-Phase Freon Cross Flow 239 8.6.1 Introductory Remarks 239 8.6.2 Background Information 240 8.6.3 Experiments in Freon Cross Flow 240 8.7 Freon Test Results and Discussion 244 8.7.1 Results and Analysis 244 8.7.2 Proposed Explanations 247 8.7.3 Concluding Remarks 247 8.7.4 Summary Findings 249 8.8 Fluidelastic Instability of U-Tubes in Air-Water Cross Flow 250 8.8.1 Experimental Considerations 250 8.8.2 U-Tube Dynamics 251 8.8.3 Vibration Response 251 8.8.4 Out-of-Plane Vibration 251 8.8.5 In-Plane Vibration 254 8.9 In-Plane (In-Flow) Fluidelastic Instability 255 8.9.1 In-Flow Experiments in a Wind Tunnel 255 8.9.2 In-Flow Experiments in Two-Phase Cross Flow 255 8.9.3 Single-Tube Fluidelastic Instability Results 256 8.9.4 Single Flexible Column and Central Cluster Fluidelastic Instability Results 258 8.9.5 Two Partially Flexible Columns 258 8.9.6 In-Flow Fluidelastic Instability Results and Discussion 261 8.10 Design Recommendations 261 8.10.1 Design Guidelines 261 8.10.2 Fluidelastic Instability with Intermittent Flow 263 8.11 Fluidelastic Instability in Two-Phase Axial Flow 264 8.12 Concluding Remarks 265 Nomenclature 265 Subscripts 266 Note 266 References 266 9 Random Turbulence Excitation in Single-Phase Flow 271 Colette E. Taylor and Michel J. Pettigrew 9.1 Introduction 271 9.2 Theoretical Background 271 9.2.1 Equation of Motion 272 9.2.2 Derivation of the Mean-Square Response 273 9.2.3 Simplification of Tube Vibration Response 274 9.2.4 Integration of the Transfer Function 275 9.2.5 Use of the Simplified Expression in Developing Design Guidelines 275 9.3 Literature Search 277 9.4 Approach Taken 277 9.5 Discussion of Parameters 279 9.5.1 Directional Dependence (Lift versus Drag) 279 9.5.2 Bundle Orientation 279 9.5.3 Pitch-to-Diameter Ratio (P/D) 279 9.5.4 Upstream Turbulence 280 9.5.5 Fluid Density (Gas versus Liquid) 283 9.5.6 Summary 283 9.6 Design Guidelines 284 9.7 Random Turbulence Excitation in Axial Flow 287 Nomenclature 287 References 288 10 Random Turbulence Excitation Forces Due to Two-Phase Flow 291 Colette E. Taylor and Michel J. Pettigrew 10.1 Introduction 291 10.2 Background 291 10.3 Approach Taken to Data Reduction 295 10.4 Scaling Factor for Frequency 296 10.4.1 Definition of a Velocity Scale 297 10.4.2 Definition of a Length Scale 298 10.4.3 Dimensionless Reduced Frequency 301 10.4.4 Effect of Frequency 301 10.5 Scaling Factor for Power Spectral Density 302 10.5.1 Effect of Flow Regime 302 10.5.2 Effect of Void Fraction 304 10.5.3 Effect of Mass Flux 306 10.5.4 Effect of Tube Diameter 306 10.5.5 Effect of Correlation Length 306 10.5.6 Effect of Bundle and Tube-Support Geometry 307 10.5.7 Effect of Two-Phase Mixture 308 10.5.8 Effect of Nucleate Boiling 310 10.6 Dimensionless Power Spectral Density 311 10.7 Upper Bounds for Two-Phase Cross Flow Dimensionless Spectra 314 10.7.1 Bubbly Flow 314 10.7.2 Churn Flow 315 10.7.3 Intermittent Flow 316 10.8 Axial Flow Random Turbulence Excitation 318 10.9 Conclusions 323 Nomenclature 324 References 325 11 Periodic Wake Shedding and Acoustic Resonance 329 David S. Weaver, Colette E. Taylor, and Michel J. Pettigrew 11.1 Introduction 329 11.2 Periodic Wake Shedding 332 11.2.1 Frequency: Strouhal Number 332 11.2.2 Calculating Tube Resonance Amplitudes 335 11.2.3 Fluctuating Force Coefficients in Single-Phase Flow 336 11.2.4 Fluctuating Force Coefficients in Two-Phase Flow 338 11.2.5 The Effect of Bundle Orientation and P/D on Fluctuating Force Coefficients 346 11.2.6 The Effect of Void Fraction and Flow Regime on Fluctuating Force Coefficients 347 11.3 Acoustic Resonance 354 11.3.1 Acoustic Natural Frequencies 354 11.3.2 Equivalent Speed of Sound 355 11.3.3 Acoustic Natural Frequencies (fa)n 356 11.3.4 Frequency Coincidence — Critical Velocities 356 11.3.5 Damping Criteria 358 11.3.6 Sound Pressure Level 361 11.3.7 Elimination of Acoustic Resonance 364 11.4 Conclusions and Recommendations 366 Nomenclature 367 References 369 12 Assessment of Fretting-Wear Damage in Nuclear and Process Equipment 373 Michel J. Pettigrew, Metin Yetisir, Nigel J. Fisher, Bruce A.W. Smith, and Victor P. Janzen 12.1 Introduction 373 12.2 Dynamic Characteristics of Nuclear Structures and Process Equipment 374 12.2.1 Heat Exchangers 374 12.2.2 Nuclear Structures 375 12.3 Fretting-Wear Damage Prediction 376 12.3.1 Time-Domain Approach 376 12.3.2 Energy Approach 380 12.4 Work-Rate Relationships 380 12.4.1 Shear Work Rate and Mechanical Power 380 12.4.2 Vibration Energy Relationship 381 12.4.3 Single Degree-of-Freedom System 381 12.4.4 Multi-Span Beams Under Harmonic Excitation 382 12.4.5 Response to Random Excitation 382 12.4.6 Work-Rate Estimate: Summary 384 12.5 Experimental Verification 384 12.6 Comparison to Time Domain Approach 385 12.7 Practical Applications: Examples 386 12.8 Concluding Remarks 392 Nomenclature 392 Note 393 References 394 13 Fretting-Wear Damage Coefficients 397 Nigel J. Fisher and Fabrice M. Guérout 13.1 Introduction 397 13.2 Fretting-Wear Damage Mechanisms 397 13.2.1 Impact Fretting Wear 397 13.2.2 Trends 398 13.2.3 Work-Rate Model 402 13.3 Experimental Considerations 404 13.3.1 Experimental Studies 404 13.3.2 Room-Temperature Test Data 404 13.3.3 High-Temperature Experimental Facility 407 13.3.4 Wear Volume Measurements 409 13.4 Fretting Wear of Zirconium Alloys 409 13.4.1 Introduction 409 13.4.2 Experimental Set-Up 410 13.4.3 Effect of Vibration Amplitude and Motion Type 412 13.4.4 Effect of Pressure-Tube Pre-Oxidation and Surface Preparation 412 13.4.5 Effect of Temperature 412 13.4.6 Effect of pH Control Additive and Dissolved Oxygen Content 413 13.4.7 Discussions 414 13.5 Fretting Wear of Heat Exchanger Materials 417 13.5.1 Work-Rate Model and Wear Coefficient 417 13.5.2 Effect of Test Duration 419 13.5.3 Effect of Temperature 422 13.5.4 Effect of Water Chemistry 424 13.5.5 Effect of Tube-Support Geometry and Tube Materials 426 13.5.6 Discussion 427 13.6 Summary and Recommendations 429 Nomenclature 429 Notes 429 References 430 Component Analysis 433 Introduction 433 Analysis of a Process Heat Exchanger 435 Analysis of a Nuclear Steam Generator U-Bend 445 Subject Index 463

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Book SynopsisElectricity is a quirky commodity: more often than not, it cannot be stored, easily transported, or imported from overseas. Before lighting up our homes, it changes hands through specialized electricity markets that rely on engineering expertise to trade competitively while respecting the physical requirements of the electric grid. The Current Economy is an ethnography of electricity markets in the United States that shows the heterogenous and technologically inflected nature of economic expertise today. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among market data analysts, electric grid engineers, and citizen activists, this book provides a deep dive into the convoluted economy of electricity and its reverberations throughout daily life. Canay Özden-Schilling argues that many of the economic formations in everyday life come from work cultures rarely suspected of doing economic work: cultures of science, technology, and engineering that often do not have a claim to economic theory or practice, yet nonetheless dictate forms of economic activity. Contributing to economic anthropology, science and technology studies, energy studies, and the anthropology of expertise, this book is a map of the everyday infrastructures of economy and energy into which we are plugged as denizens of a technological world.Trade Review"With incredible ethnographic skill and formidable theoretical insight,The Current Economy shows how things that we presume to be singular, such as electric grids, can be multiplied, recast as sources of profits, resisted as intrusions into middle class lives, and much more. This is essential reading for all interested in discovering how the dominant economic imagination is much more than market orthodoxy." —Andrea Ballestero, Rice University"Electricity is ordinary. Electricity is extraordinary. In this extraordinary ethnography, Canay Özden-Schilling re-introduces us to this mundane form of energy through its recent marketization process. At the cutting edge of anthropological approaches to capitalism and infrastructure, this is a masterful account of a commodity that kicks back." —Hannah Appel, University of California, Los Angeles"Özden-Schilling provides a fresh take on the ways in which technological and economic expertise shape and change contemporary capitalist markets while purposefully refraining from 'taking neo-liberalism as an allencompassing context' (p. 112)."—Darren Sierhuis, Urbanities"[The Current Economy] is a great book with much to engage with in it. For anthropologists interested in expertise, energy, and the making of markets, it makes a timely contribution to these topics and is essential reading. Accessibly written, it will appeal to undergraduates, postgraduates, and seasoned researchers alike."—Sean Field, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute"Özden-Schilling's ethnography of US electricity markets is a compelling example of issue-oriented anthropology, as she navigates different sites to convey the state of market-making in wholesale electricity. ... Coming out in the wake of 2021 Texas electricity infrastructure failure, which demonstrated the importance of designing resilient and embedded electricity markets,The Current Economy: Electricity Markets and Techno-Economicsis a good resource for anyone who is interested market-building practices in general and electricity markets in particular."—Hikment Nazli Azergun, Journal for the Anthropology of North AmericaTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Current Economy 1. Regulating 2. Representing 3. Optimizing 4. Protesting Epilogue: Techno-Economics

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Book SynopsisElectricity is a quirky commodity: more often than not, it cannot be stored, easily transported, or imported from overseas. Before lighting up our homes, it changes hands through specialized electricity markets that rely on engineering expertise to trade competitively while respecting the physical requirements of the electric grid. The Current Economy is an ethnography of electricity markets in the United States that shows the heterogenous and technologically inflected nature of economic expertise today. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among market data analysts, electric grid engineers, and citizen activists, this book provides a deep dive into the convoluted economy of electricity and its reverberations throughout daily life. Canay Özden-Schilling argues that many of the economic formations in everyday life come from work cultures rarely suspected of doing economic work: cultures of science, technology, and engineering that often do not have a claim to economic theory or practice, yet nonetheless dictate forms of economic activity. Contributing to economic anthropology, science and technology studies, energy studies, and the anthropology of expertise, this book is a map of the everyday infrastructures of economy and energy into which we are plugged as denizens of a technological world.Trade Review"With incredible ethnographic skill and formidable theoretical insight,The Current Economy shows how things that we presume to be singular, such as electric grids, can be multiplied, recast as sources of profits, resisted as intrusions into middle class lives, and much more. This is essential reading for all interested in discovering how the dominant economic imagination is much more than market orthodoxy." —Andrea Ballestero, Rice University"Electricity is ordinary. Electricity is extraordinary. In this extraordinary ethnography, Canay Özden-Schilling re-introduces us to this mundane form of energy through its recent marketization process. At the cutting edge of anthropological approaches to capitalism and infrastructure, this is a masterful account of a commodity that kicks back." —Hannah Appel, University of California, Los Angeles"Özden-Schilling provides a fresh take on the ways in which technological and economic expertise shape and change contemporary capitalist markets while purposefully refraining from 'taking neo-liberalism as an allencompassing context' (p. 112)."—Darren Sierhuis, Urbanities"[The Current Economy] is a great book with much to engage with in it. For anthropologists interested in expertise, energy, and the making of markets, it makes a timely contribution to these topics and is essential reading. Accessibly written, it will appeal to undergraduates, postgraduates, and seasoned researchers alike."—Sean Field, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute"Özden-Schilling's ethnography of US electricity markets is a compelling example of issue-oriented anthropology, as she navigates different sites to convey the state of market-making in wholesale electricity. ... Coming out in the wake of 2021 Texas electricity infrastructure failure, which demonstrated the importance of designing resilient and embedded electricity markets,The Current Economy: Electricity Markets and Techno-Economicsis a good resource for anyone who is interested market-building practices in general and electricity markets in particular."—Hikment Nazli Azergun, Journal for the Anthropology of North AmericaTable of ContentsIntroduction: The Current Economy 1. Regulating 2. Representing 3. Optimizing 4. Protesting Epilogue: Techno-Economics

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Book SynopsisThis book is a compilation of CRS reports on electric power. The large-scale damage caused by Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria is examined in the context of policy options Congress may consider in order to help remediate such damage to the electrical grid in the future. Alternative electric power structures are examined for their ability to meet the post-Hurricane-Maria needs of Puerto Rico. The proposed Environmental Protection Agency plan to lower carbon emissions by providing each state with a carbon reduction target number.

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Book SynopsisAn acclaimed author and celebrated journalist breaks down the history of electricity and the impact of global energy use on the world and the environment.Global demand for power is doubling every two decades, but electricity remains one of the most difficult forms of energy to supply and do so reliably. Today, some three billion people live in places where per-capita electricity use is less than what's used by an average American refrigerator. How we close the colossal gap between the electricity rich and the electricity poor will determine our success in addressing issues like women's rights, inequality, and climate change.In A Question of Power, veteran journalist Robert Bryce tells the human story of electricity, the world's most important form of energy. Through onsite reporting from India, Iceland, Lebanon, Puerto Rico, New York, and Colorado, he shows how our cities, our money--our very lives--depend on reliable flows of electricity. He highlights the factors needed for successful electrification and explains why so many people are still stuck in the dark.With vivid writing and incisive analysis, he powerfully debunks the notion that our energy needs can be met solely with renewables and demonstrates why--if we are serious about addressing climate change--nuclear energy must play a much bigger role.Electricity has fuelled a new epoch in the history of civilization. A Question of Power explains how that happened and what it means for our future.

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Book SynopsisThe authors are providing information on (1) federal funding DOE receives for electricity-related R&D, including funding by type of fuel; (2) tax expenditures the federal government provides to subsidise electricity production, including expenditures by type of fuel; and (3) other ways the federal government subsidises electricity. The authors examined federal electricity-related subsidies over a 6-year period, from fiscal year 2002 through fiscal year 2007. This is an excerpted and indexed version.

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Book SynopsisFormally, Plunkett's Energy Industry Almanac, this in-depth reference tool to the energy industry covers everything from major oil companies to independents, utilities, pipelines, coal, LNG, oil field services, refiners and more. It features our famous trends and technologies analysis, and includes statistical tables, a glossary and our unique profiles of The Energy 500 Firms. The energy industry is boiling over with changes. Deregulation, new opportunities in foreign fields and markets, as well as environmental challenges are rushing together head-on to shape the energy and utilities business of the future. Meanwhile China has become a major energy importer and Russia has become a major exporter. Renewable and alternative energy sources are developing quickly, including big investments in wind power and solar power. This exciting new reference book covers everything from major oil companies to electric and gas utilities, plus pipelines, regulatory issues, investments, finance, research and development, refiners, retailers, oil field services and engineering. Petroleum topics include upstream and downstream. Additional topics include coal, natural gas and LNG. Statistical tables cover everything from energy consumption, production and reserves to imports, exports and prices. Next, our unique profiles of the Energy 500 Firms are also included, with such vital details as executive contacts by title, revenues, profits, types of business, Internet addresses, growth plans and more. You'll find a complete overview, industry analysis and market research report in one superb, value-priced package.Table of Contents Introduction 1 How to Use This Book 3 Chapter 1: Major Trends Affecting the Energy & Utilities Industry 7 1) Energy & Utilities Industry Introduction 7 2) A Brief History of Oil, Natural Gas and Electricity Production 10 3) Smart Electric Grid Technologies Are Adopted/Massive Utilities Investment Needed 11 4) Storage Battery Technologies and Installations Boom Worldwide 12 5) Superconductivity Provides Advanced Electricity Distribution Technology 14 6) Global Shale Oil and Gas Resources Revolutionize the Energy Industry 15 7) Oil from Shale Makes America Rank with Top Oil Producers/E&P Companies Reduce Drilling and Seek Lower Costs 18 8) LNG Projects Boom, Including Floating Plants (FLNG)/European Demand for LNG Soars 18 9) Seismic Mapping Gains from Advanced Technologies 20 10) Offshore Wells Around the World Become More Efficient/Production Increases Significantly 20 11) Energy Demand Climbs in India and China/Nuclear, Hydro and Gas Projects Grow, but Coal Remains Dominant 22 12) Canada's Oil Sands Production Reaches 3.7 Million Barrels per Day, but Operating Costs Are High 23 13) Russia Is a Top Oil and Gas Producer/Sanctions and Global Tensions Alter the Export Market for Russia 24 14) Oil and Gas Producers in the Middle East/OPEC's Massive Share of Global Production Includes Certain Nations in Africa and South America 25 15) Utilities Invest in Gas-Fired Plants 26 16) Electric Utilities Adopt Coal Emissions Scrubbers While the Industry Tests Carbon Capture and Clean Coal Technologies 26 17) U.S. Coal Industry Faces Challenges, while Coal Use Grows Dramatically in India and China 28 18) Nuclear Energy Moves Ahead in India, China and the Middle East 28 19) Ethanol Production Soared, but U.S. Federal Subsidy Expired 32 20) Refineries Along with Chemicals and Plastics Plants Expand in the U.S. 33 21) Petrochemicals Plants in the Middle East Expand but Face Challenges 34 22) Lower Energy Intensity Is a Prime Focus in China/U.S. Achieves Dramatic Energy Intensity Reductions 34 23) U.S. Exports Crude Oil to Global Markets in High Volume 35 24) The War in Ukraine Boosts LNG Demand/Alters Energy Landscape 35 Chapter 2: Energy & Utilities Industry Statistics 37 I. Overview of the Energy & Utilities Industry 38 Global Energy & Utilities Industry Statistics and Market Size Overview: 2021-2022 39 U.S. Energy & Utilities Industry Statistics and Market Size Overview 40 U.S. Energy & Utilities Statistics: Selected Years, 1990-2022 41 Primary Energy Flow by Source & Sector, U.S.: 2022 42 Energy Consumption by Source & Sector, U.S.: 2022 43 Energy Consumption & Expenditures Indicators, U.S.: Selected Years, 1975-2022 44 Energy Imports, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2022 45 Energy Exports, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2022 46 U.S. Department of Energy Funding for Science & Energy Programs: 2022-2024 47 Approximate Energy Unit Conversion Factors 48 II. Electricity 49 Net Electrical Power Generation by Fuel Type, U.S.: 1990-October 2023 50 Net Electrical Power Generation by Fuel Type, U.S.: 2022 51 Estimated Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) for New Electricity Generation by Energy Source 52 III. Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy 53 Energy Production by Fossil Fuels & Nuclear Power, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2022 54 Petroleum Overview, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2022 55 Crude Oil Domestic First Purchase Prices, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2022 56 Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin, U.S.: Selected Years, 1980-2022 57 Refinery Capacity & Utilization in the U.S.: Selected Years, 2000-2022 58 Top World Oil Producers: 2022 59 Coal Overview, U.S.: Selected Years, 1970-2022 60 Natural Gas Overview, U.S.: Selected Years, 1975-2022 61 Chapter 3: Important Energy & Utilities Industry Contacts 63 (Addresses, Telephone Numbers and Internet Sites) Chapter 4: THE ENERGY & UTILITIES 500: Who They Are and How They Were Chosen 95 Index of Companies Within Industry Groups 96 Alphabetical Index 108 Index of U.S. Headquarters Location by State 111 Index of Non-U.S. Headquarters Location by Country 113 Individual Data Profiles on Each of THE ENERGY & UTILITIES 500 117 Additional Indexes Index of Hot Spots for Advancement for Women/Minorities 614 Index by Subsidiaries, Brand Names and Selected Affiliations 616 A Short Energy & Utilities Industry Glossary 631

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Book SynopsisThe Snowy: A History tells the extraordinary story of the mostly migrant workforce who built one of the world’s engineering marvels.This classic, prize-winning account of the remarkable Snowy Scheme is available again for the 70th anniversary of this epic nation-building project. The Snowy Scheme was an extraordinary engineering feat carried out over twenty-five years from 1949 to 1974, one that drove rivers through tunnels built through the Australian alps, irrigated the dry inland and generated energy for the densely populated east coast.The Snowy Mountains Scheme was also a site of post-war social engineering that helped create a diverse multicultural nation. Siobhan McHugh’s in-depth interviews with those who were there at the time reveals the human stories of migrant workers, high country locals, politicians and engineers. It also examines the difficult and dangerous aspects of such a major construction in which 121 men lost their lives. Rich and evocative, this sweeping narrative tells stories of love, endurance, tragedy and hard work during a transformative time. Includes 40 iconic images of the construction of the Snowy Hydro Scheme. Redesigned and updated, the book is available for the 70th anniversary of the launch of the Scheme. Book now includes more detail on the environmental impacts of the scheme.

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Book SynopsisThis biography charts the life of Paddy Moriarty, the Kerryborn Chief Executive of ESB, a man who revolutionized corporate life during his leadership of the largest semi-state company in Ireland in the 1980s and 1990s. Born in Dingle in 1926, he became one of Ireland's leading business people of the twentieth century as he transformed ESB into a world-class electricity provider and a highly efficient, commercially driven company. Having built the power infrastructure of the new State, ESB played a critical role in the revitalization of the Irish economy and, on Moriarty's watch, proceeded to assist in developing the foundations of the Celtic Tiger economy. His vision was to make ESB 'the best electricity utility in the whole world', developing the highest standards of infrastructure at home while developing an international business in the economies of North and Central America, Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. Moriarty joined ESB as a clerical officer in June 1945 at the age of nineteen and quickly gained a reputation as a young man with a determined view on how business should be run. He rose rapidly through the company ranks. He was head of Research and Audit in 1961, Assistant Chief Financial Officer in 1967 and Director Personnel in 1970, before becoming Chief Executive in 1981 and Chairman ESB in 1991. The man they called Paddy Mo conducted comprehensive and difficult industrial relations negotiations with the trade unions, ensuring harmony in the workplace during the 1980s – a decade of fast-moving change, massive technological reform and associated redundancies. His interpersonal skills, as well as his business instincts, became legendary. With Taoiseach Charles Haughey he helped pioneer the North-South Erne Waterways project in a bid to revitalize border communities. He was also a significant patron of the arts, encouraging sponsorship of painters, sculptors and musicians. His wide-ranging interests included sports and horse racing, with one of the Leopardstown classics being named in his honour. A sense of family, which included his younger brother Micheál Ó Muircheartaigh the renowned GAA broadcaster and commentator, was central to his world view.

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Book SynopsisEverything you thought you knew about nuclear power is wrong. This is just as well, because nuclear energy is essential to avoid catastrophic global warming. While renewables will surely play an important part in our future energy strategy, expecting them to deliver all the world's power is dangerously delusional. In 2014, statistics showed that wind and solar power contributed only 1 per cent of global primary energy. Similarly, while energy saving has a key role to play in the developed world, there is no possibility of humanity as a whole using less energy while the developing world is extracting itself from poverty. And the fact is that the anti-nuclear movement of the 1970s and '80s has made the world more dependent on fossil fuels. In Nuclear 2.0, environmental campaigner Mark Lynas debunks the myths that have cast nuclear energy in a bad light. Often overlooked because of concerns surrounding nuclear waste and radiation poisoning after the Chernobyl disaster, atomic energy is one of the most impressive sources of low-carbon power. In this enlightening read, Mark looks at the science and re-evaluates the situation to unravel why our future is threatened not just by the big fossil-fuel companies, but also the professional anti-nuclear Green groups. This book is a call for all those who want to see a low-carbon future to join forces and advocate a huge, Apollo-Program-scale investment in wind, solar and nuclear power.Trade ReviewA passionate appeal to environmentalists to embrace all the tools available that can tackle climate change. This book deserves to be read. * David MacKay FRS, Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Department of Energy & Climate Change *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. How we got to where we are 2. The carbon challenge 3. The N-word 4. The case against: nuclear accidents and radiation 5. Next generation: Nuclear 2.0 6. The spectre of climate change 7. All of the above Notes Index

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Book SynopsisPower theft is a significant issue for power utilities despite efforts to combat it. The book explores methods used for power theft, ways to detect and prevent it, and technical solutions. It includes new chapters on legal judgments and smart grid technology. Aimed at professionals in the energy sector and students of Electrical Engineering.

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Book SynopsisStudy related to Punjab and Haryana, India.

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Book SynopsisAs Member States seek to extend the operating lifetime of nuclear power plants beyond that which was originally licensed, safety oversight of ageing management and long term operation (LTO) has become increasingly important. This Safety Report provides technical and practical information based on existing regulatory approaches and practices of Member States, and the application of the IAEA Safety Standards. This includes requirements and pre?conditions of the regulatory body for LTO, authorization processes applied to LTO, and regulatory practices and documentation to prepare for and implement LTO. The report is intended for nuclear safety authorities, operating organizations, licensees, manufacturers, designers and technical support organizations considering authorization for LTO of nuclear power plants.

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Book SynopsisThis Safety Guide provides recommendations and guidance on achieving and demonstrating compliance with IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1), Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material (2018 Edition), which establishes the requirements to be applied to the national and international transport of radioactive material. Transport is deemed to comprise all operations and conditions associated with and involved in the movement of radioactive material, including the design, fabrication and maintenance of packaging, and the preparation, consigning, handling, carriage, storage in transit, shipment after storage and receipt at the final destination of packages. The Advisory Material is not a stand-alone text. It is to be used concurrently as a companion to the IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1) and each paragraph of this guide is numbered correspondingly to the paragraph of the Regulations to which it most directly relates.

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Book SynopsisDeveloping a nuclear power programme is a major undertaking requiring careful planning and preparation. This publication provides guidance for Member States that with to assess the resources required for the development of the infrastructure needed for a nuclear power programme. Resource estimates are presented in person years, to account for economic differences across countries, in terms of labour costs, which may vary significantly. The data are presented in sufficient detail that they can also be used by countries that have decided to expand their nuclear programme after a long period without building any new nuclear power plants.

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Book SynopsisThis publication provides an introduction to the management of research reactor spent nuclear fuel (RRSNF). Five key areas are discussed: types of RRSNF, characterization data, wet storage considerations, dry storage considerations, and lessons learned and current practices. Information on internationally accepted standards as well as information on aspects such as drying treatment and surveillance programmes are presented, as well as suggestions for further optimization of effective and safe storage of RRSNF through the application of new approaches. The intended users of this publication include industry professionals at operating research reactors and at RRSNF storage facilities who need to identify the most suitable approach for interim storage of spent fuel.

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Book SynopsisNeutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is the most common technique used in research reactors worldwide. The IAEA aims to enhance quality assurance in NAA laboratories by supporting annual proficiency testing, by developing and offering relevant e?learning as well as specialized publications. This publication, which is based on the most up to date relevant ISO guides and international practices, provides practical guidance on quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) in NAA laboratories. It is intended to be used in the day?to?day work of NAA at research reactors. Potential sources of errors and associated QA/QC actions are detailed for all main areas of NAA practice. Easy to use tables are provided, intended for direct reference in the laboratory.

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Book SynopsisIn recent decades, the number of IAEA Member States planning to extend the operation of their nuclear power plants (NPPs) beyond the time frame originally anticipated has steadily increased. These decisions have been influenced by the significant economic advantages offered by the long term operation (LTO) of existing NPPs. This Safety Report complements IAEA Safety Standards Series Nos SSR?2/2 (Rev. 1), Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Commissioning and Operation, and SSG?48, Ageing Management and Development of a Programme for Long Term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants. It provides information on selected topics from the latter, and specifically, it addresses data collection and record keeping, scope setting for structures, systems and components, plant programmes, corrective action programmes, and documentation of ageing management and LTO assessment. The publication focuses on NPPs throughout their lifetime, including operation beyond the time frame originally established for their operation and decommissioning, while considering the different reactor designs that exist around the world. It is also relevant for facilities for spent fuel storage and radioactive waste management at NPPs. It may also be used as a basis for managing the ageing of other nuclear installations and for radioactive waste 2 management facilities. This Safety Report is intended to provide information for operating organizations but may be also used by regulatory bodies.

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Book SynopsisIn the early morning of 2 December 2013, a vehicle transporting a radiotherapy machine head containing a category 1, cobalt-60 radioactive source was stolen, resulting in radiation exposure to members of the public. This publication provides information about the circumstances of the incident and the response actions taken by the Mexican authorities, including dose assessments performed to identify the individuals exposed. The publication also describes the actions taken by the IAEA. Observations and lessons identified are presented.

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Book SynopsisRequirements for the safe transport of radioactive material are established in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSR-6 (Rev. 1), Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material, 2018 Edition. Packages intended for the transport of radioactive material have to be designed to meet applicable national and international regulations. For package designs that require approval by a competent authority, the documentary evidence of compliance with the applicable regulations is commonly known as package design safety report (PDSR). For package designs that do not require competent authority approval, a PDSR would also be an appropriate form of documentary evidence of compliance with the Transport Regulations. This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the preparation of a PDSR to demonstrate compliance of a package design for the transport of radioactive material with the Transport Regulations. This Safety Guide is intended for use by applicants for approval of package designs (when package designs are subject to competent authority approval) as well as by package designers and/or consignors (when package designs do not require competent authority approval). Regulators will benefit from the common structure for the competent authority assessment process, and designers and consignors will find a consistent approach to justify the compliance of a package design with the regulatory requirements.

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Book SynopsisThis Safety Guide, prepared jointly by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), provides guidance on fulfilling the requirements of the International Basic Safety Standards (IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3) with respect to occupational exposure. It provides general guidance on the development of occupational radiation protection programmes as appropriate for the sources of radiation likely to be encountered in the workplaces in question to fulfil the management's responsibility for protection and safety. Detailed guidance is also provided on the monitoring and assessment of workers' exposure due to external radiation sources and from intakes of radionuclides. The Safety Guide reflects the current internationally accepted principles and recommended good practices in occupational radiation protection, with account taken of the conceptual changes and technological enhancements that have occurred over the past decade.

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Book SynopsisThis publication summarizes the reviewed information distributed in previous IAEA publications and provides an up to date, overall picture of the management of disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRSs) based upon the current status and trends in this field. It incorporates the most recent experience in source management, including newly developed techniques used for DSRS conditioning and storage. Problems encountered and lessons learned are also highlighted in the publication in order to help avoid the mistakes commonly made in the past in managing disused sources.

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Book SynopsisA number of IAEA Member States generate relatively small quantities of radioactive waste and/or disused sealed sources in research or in the application of nuclear techniques in medicine and industry. This publication presents a modular approach to the design of waste processing and storage facilities to address the needs of such Member States with a cost effective and flexible solution that allows easy adjustment to changing needs in terms of capacity and variety of waste streams. The key feature of the publication is the provision of practical guidance to enable the users to determine their waste processing and storage requirements, specify those requirements to allow the procurement of the appropriate processing and storage modules and install and eventually operate those modules.

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Book SynopsisThe identification and assessment of threats provides an essential basis for the selection, design, and implementation of nuclear security measures. For nuclear material and other radioactive material that is under regulatory control, and associated facilities and activities, the results of this identification and assessment are expressed as a design basis threat or representative threat statement describing the intentions and capabilities of potential adversaries against which the materials and associated facilities and activities are to be protected. An Implementing Guide was issued in 2009 under the title of Development, Use and Maintenance of the Design Basis Threat which was updated and revised. The result of this revision is the current publication. It provides a stepbystep methodology for conducting a national nuclear security threat assessment including both physical and computer security aspects, and for the development, use and maintenance of design basis threats and representative threat statements.

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Book SynopsisSince the 1970s, the IAEA has been involved in the analysis of fuel failures in water cooled reactors in normal (nonaccident) operational conditions. This updated version of IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NFT2.1 provides information on all aspects of fuel failures in current nuclear power plant operations. It summarizes fuel failure occurrences and their mechanisms and root causes, as well as fuel failure prevention and management in plant operation for 97% of light and heavy water cooled nuclear power units operated worldwide during the period 2006–2015. Data on fuel failures from 1987 to 2006 extracted from three previous IAEA fuel failure reports are included and analysed in the present publication, together with the 2006–2015 fuel failure data, to reveal long term tendencies in fuel performance. In addition to fuel rod leakers, fuel structural damages and other fuel assembly issues are considered in the report.

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Book SynopsisEnergy access is defined in many ways, but most definitions include having reliable and affordable access to both cooking facilities and electricity that can be scaled up over time. Access to reliable and quality energy supply is vital to the economic development of any country. The aim of this report is to provide information on the state of energy access in Sub-Sahara Africa and to identify policies that may contribute to enhancing access to modern energy services in Sub-Sahara Africa while moving towards a successful transition to zero emission fuels in a bid to align with global efforts to climate change mitigation

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Book SynopsisThe 2016 Electricity Profiles contains electricity profiles for about 230 countries and territories, providing detailed information on production, trade and consumption of electricity, net installed capacity and thermal power plant input and efficiency for most countries, on an internationally comparable basis. It is published by the United Nations Statistics Division with the aim of providing an overall picture of the electricity sector of such countries and areas. Electricity production and electric installed capacity are disaggregated by source, as coming from Combustible fuels, Hydro, Nuclear and Other sources; and by type of producer, whether from main activity producers or autoproducers.

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Book SynopsisThis publication contains electricity profiles for about 230 countries and territories, providing detailed information on production, trade and consumption of electricity, net installed capacity and thermal power plant input and efficiency for most countries on an internationally comparable basis. Electricity production and electric installed capacity are disaggregated by source, as coming from combustible fuels, hydro, nuclear and other sources; and by type of producer, whether from main activity producers or auto-producers

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Book SynopsisBased on a variety of interviews with residents, farmers, scientists, journalists, and activists who have been affected by the Fukushima catastrophe, the authors underscore the personal, political, and humanitarian impacts in testimonies, science, and photos. The book engagingly addresses diverse issues that continue to haunt and persist and calls for collective responsibility to deal with the devastating environmental, economic, and social consequences of nuclear energy. The book offers a critique of the violent history of modernism and the supremacy of science that has been articulated into all forms of social injustice and ecological injustice.Table of ContentsForeword: Not Again, Please, Never Again - Rebecca Johnson.- Foreword: Charting Contested Contours Of Sustainaiblity, Development, Social And Ecological Justice - Anita Rampal.- Introduction: No Solutions In Sight, Making Possible The Impossible - Lau Kin Chi.- Introduction: Education For Ecological Justice And Social Justice – Cultivating The Capacity For Affect, Thinking, Autonomy And Action – Lau Kin Chi.- Introduction: When We Talk About Nuclear Energy, What Are We Talking About? - Huang Xiaomei.- Introduction: We Are In A Critical State - He Zhixiong.- Preface.- Part One.- I. What Happened In Fukushima?.- Ii. Natural Disasters Or Human-Caused Calamity.- Iii. Fairy Tale Of Astro Boy.- Iv. Three Questions On Nuclear Power.- V. The Long Road Home.- Vi.Revival? Clearing Evacuees To Zero?.- Vii. Glint Of Hope Ignited By The Olympic Torch?.- Viii. Where Did Contaminated Substances Go?.- Ix. Heart Of Darkness – The Molten Reactor Core.- X.Returning To The Scene: “Back Then, How Nice It Would Have Been, If Only….”.- Xi. Absent Supervision.- Xii. Radioactive Contamination Spread Worldwide – The Threat From Nuclear-Contaminated Water.- Xiii. Who Protects Decontamination Workers And Nuclear Energy Workers?.- Xiv. Mourning Of Nature.- Xv. From Nuclear Weapon To Nuclear Energy, From Nuclear Energy To Nuclear Weapon.- Xvi. The People’s Self Rescue.- Epilogue Resonance That Lit Up The Earth.- Part Two.- What I Saw After Shooting Fukushima For 10 Years – Toyoda Naomi.- Thoughts On Nuclear Power In Fukushima, Bangladesh, Rio, And Geneva - Ohashi Masaaki.- Eight Years From The Great East Japan Earthquake: Current Situation Of Fukushima And Its Challenges - Aihara Hiroko.- Double Challenges To Japanese Farmers: The Nuclear Disaster And Transpacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement - Ando Takemasa.- Buildup Of Nuclear Armament Capability And The Post-War Statehood Of Japan: Fukushima And The Genealogy Of Nuclear Bombs And Power Plants - Muto Ichiyo.- "Obsession With Normalcy" And The World Today - Sun Ge.- Light Of The Sun Or Fire Of Purgatory: Nuclear Power Is The Destiny Of Industrial Civilization - Tian Song.

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