Heating, lighting, ventilation Books

Book SynopsisWithout light, interior architecture cannot be fully designed and experienced. It is one of the key tools for an interior designer, but can be a dauntingly technical subject for students. This book takes a detailed, practical look at lighting in interior design, giving students all the key information and skills they need to be able to tackle lighting successfully in their designs.

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Book SynopsisThis Approved Document provides guidance on how to comply with Part F to Schedule 1 to the Building Regulations covering ventilation and applies to dwellings only, and takes effect on 15 June 2022. It does not apply to work subject to a building notice, full plans application or initial notice submitted before that date, provided the work is started on site before 15 June 2023.ADF1: Dwellings (2021 edition) contains the following sections: Ventilation provision Minimising the ingress of external pollutants Work on existing dwellings Commissioning and providing information Key terms Performance-based ventilation Completion checklist and commissioning sheet Checklist for ventilation provision in existing dwellings The guidance in this Approved Document only relates to England and applies to dwellings only. In a mixed-use building, Approved Document F, Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings should be consulted for building work in parts of the building that are not dwellings.

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Book SynopsisThe definitive, easy-to-follow guide to plumbing and heating repairs in your home.An extension of the international bestselling Collins Complete DIY Manual, this brand-new edition is packed with user-friendly photos and is fully updated with the latest information about tools, products and regulations.Whether repairing a leaking tap or installing a new shower, Collins Complete Plumbing and Heating is the indispensable tool to help you get the job done well and keep costs to a minimum.Contents include:Emergency repairsTaps, sinks and kitchen appliancesToilets, baths and showersBoilers and radiatorsIdentifying faults and maintenanceSafety tipsTools for the job

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Book SynopsisDuring the nineteenth century, Britain became the first gaslit society, with electric lighting arriving in 1878. At the same time, the British government significantly expanded its power to observe and monitor its subjects. This title explores how light facilitated such practices as safe transportation and private reading.

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Book SynopsisDuring the nineteenth century, Britain became the first gaslit society, with electric lighting arriving in 1878. At the same time, the British government significantly expanded its power to observe and monitor its subjects. This book explores how light facilitated such practices as safe transportation and private reading.

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Book SynopsisHow electric light created new spaces that transformed the built environment and the perception of modern architecture.In this book, Sandy Isenstadt examines electric light as a form of architecture—as a new, uniquely modern kind of building material. Electric light was more than just a novel way of brightening a room or illuminating a streetscape; it brought with it new ways of perceiving and experiencing space itself. If modernity can be characterized by rapid, incessant change, and modernism as the creative response to such change, Isenstadt argues, then electricity—instantaneous, malleable, ubiquitous, evanescent—is modernity's medium.Isenstadt shows how the introduction of electric lighting at the end of the nineteenth century created new architectural spaces that altered and sometimes eclipsed previously existing spaces. He constructs an architectural history of these new spaces through five examples, ranging from the tangible miracle of the li

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Book SynopsisAn unprecedented survey of modern lighting design foregrounding its materials, innovators, and far-reaching influenceTrade Review“A user-friendly and thought-provoking volume thanks to its easy-to-navigate structure and carefully considered themes, which are explored in a series of wide-ranging essays...An excellent introduction.”—Charlotte Fiell, World of InteriorsCHOICE Outstanding Academic Title 2022

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Book SynopsisThis comprehensive and practical guide takes you step-by-step through the core concepts and applications of architectural lighting. Now completely revised and updated for the second edition, this book: Includes all new information on the latest regulations and recommendations Provides special attention to the rapid development of LED lighting Considers the new CIE colour metric system Concludes each chapter with questions for the reader, together with inverted appropriate answers Features full colour throughout, for the first time, to support the text and aid the reader Covering a wide range of building types and external environments, this book shows how the concepts used in lighting design arise from the needs of the designer and user. These concepts are given a practical context to enable you to develop and improve your design skills, building up from the basics of how much light is needed and Table of ContentsIntroduction Part 1: Lighting Concepts and Resources 1. Living in the Luminous Field 2. The Importance of Daylight 3. How much Light is needed? 4. How Lighting Levels are Set 5. Ensuring Visual Comfort 6. The Importance of Illuminance Variations and the Role Played by Shadows 7. Colour in Lighting 8. The Lit Appearance of the Room and the Occupants 9. Calculations and Measurements in Lighting Design 10. ‘Lumen’ Methods 11. The significance of Mounting Height in an Interior Lighting Installation 12. Daylight Calculations 13. Energy Management 14. Electric Lighting; Light Sources and Luminaires (including Emergency Lighting) Part 2: Interior Lighting 15. Lighting for Offices 16. Industrial Lighting 17. Lighting for Educational Buildings and Sports Halls 18. Lighting for Shops and Stores 19. Lighting for Public Buildings and Atria 20. Domestic Lighting Part 3: Exterior Lighting 21. Displaying a Building after Dark 22. Outdoor Sports Lighting 23. Motorway and High Speed Road Lighting 24. Lighting for Urban, Amenity and Residential Areas Appendices Appendix 1. Typical Lamp Data Appendix 2. Illuminance, Illuminance Ratios, Cavity Reflectance: Examples and Observations Appendix 3. Effect on Lamp Numbers as the Maintenance Factors Decrease Glossary

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Book SynopsisEngineering services within buildings account for ongoing energy use, greenhouse gas contribution and life safety provisions. This fully updated sixth edition of David Chadderton's leading textbook is the perfect preparation for those intending to enter this increasingly important field.Chapters addressing heating, climate change, air conditioning, transportation systems, water, gas, electricity, drainage and room acoustics cover all the key responsibilities of the building services engineer. As well as introductory material and the underpinning theory, practical guidance is provided in the form of sample calculations and spreadsheets. New material includes: trends and recent applications in lowering the energy use by mechanical and electrical services systems, heating, cooling and lighting of buildings case studies modelled from post-occupancy reports to provide realistic discussion topics examples of the use of photovoltaic solar panels,Trade Review"In this new edition, innovative technologies such as renewable energy systems have been included which are particularly important to the understanding of energy reduction in mechanical and electrical services. Outlining the concept of zero carbon buildings is another timely addition." Dr Runming Yao, University of Reading "...a well-structured, all-inclusive introduction of the essential materials for BSE study. On top of the classic competencies required of building services engineers (i.e. air conditioning, electrical installations, fire protection, and water services) the increasingly important contexts in which building services engineers have a vital role to play (i.e. climate change, energy economics and post occupancy), are also covered." Dr. Joseph H.K. Lai, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Table of Contents1. Climate Change 2. Post Occupancy 3. Built Environment 4. Energy Economics 5. Ventilation and Air Conditioning 6. Heat Demand 7. Heating 8. Water Services 9. Electrical 10. Lighting 11. Condensation 12. Gas 13. Plant & Service Areas 14. Fire Protection 15. Room Acoustics 16. Mechanical Transport 17. Question Bank 18. Understanding Units 19. Answers to Questions References Index

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Book SynopsisBy reading this book, you will develop the skills to perceive a space and its contents in light, and be able to devise a layout of luminaires that will provide that lit appearance.Written by renowned lighting expert Christopher (Kit) Cuttle, the book: explains the difference between vision and perception, which is the distinction between providing lighting to make things visible, and providing it to influence the appearance of everything that is visible; demonstrates how lighting patterns generated by three-dimensional objects interacting with directional lighting are strongly influential upon how the visual perception process enables us to recognize object attributes, such as lightness, colourfulness, texture and gloss; reveals how a designer who understands the role of these lighting patterns in the perceptual process may employ them either to reveal, or to subdue, or to enhance the appearance of selected object attributes by cTable of ContentsIntroduction 1. The Role of Visual Perception 2. Ambient Illumination 3. Brightness Patterns 4. Illumination Hierarchy 5. Lighting Patterns 6. Luminous Elements 7. Getting it all together

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Book SynopsisA unique set of 45 information sheets giving complete details of all forms of drainage work for the builder and surveyor.

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Book SynopsisHow to Light a historic interior appropriately--or create a realistic period look--can be a perplexing problem. Few people want to return to the days when light came mainly from candles, kerosene, gas or available sunlight. But acceptable ways of re-creating old lighting do exist, and Lighting for Historic Buildings shows how to find them. This invaluable guide provides both a history of lighting in America and a catalog of 481 suitable reproductions available today. Noted historian Roger Moss shows how interiors from the 1620s to the 1930s can be well lighted yet still maintain their character. Reproductions are organized by lighting source (candles, burning fluids, kerosene, gas and electricity) and fixture type (chandeliers, wall brackets and hall lights). Also included are chapters on street lighting and specialty items, a glossary and a reading list.Table of ContentsLighting for Historic Buildings. Candleholders: 1620 to 1850. Whale-Oil, Lard-Oil and Burning-Fluid Fixtures: 1783 to 1859. Kerosene Fixtures: 1854 to 1934. Gas Lighting: 1817 to 1907. Electric Lighting: 1879 to 1930. Specialty Items and Services. Street Lighting. Appendix.

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Book SynopsisA thorough reference that sheds light on the promising field of solid-state lighting Solid-state lighting is a rapidly emerging field. Light Emitting Diodes are already used in traffic signals, signage/contour lighting, large area displays, and automotive applications.Trade Review"A good introductory book on LEDs..." (CIE News, No. 65, March 2003)Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Historical Introduction. 2. Vision, Photometry and Colorimetry. 3. Bulbs and Tubes. 4. Basics of All-Solid-State Lemps. 5. Light Extraction From Leds. 6. White Led. 7. Applications of Solid-State Lighting. References.

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Book SynopsisIndustrial Furnaces is the complete resource on the design and use of furnaces used in industrial heating operations. * Offers a single source for up-to-date information and data on industrial furnaces. * A new, broader focus covers composites, glass, ceramics, and other non-traditional materials.Table of Contents1. INDUSTRIAL HEATING PROCESSES. 1.1 Industrial Process Heating Furnaces. 1.2 Classifications of Furnaces. 1.3 Elements of Furnace Construction. 1.4 Review Questions and Projects. 2. HEAT TRANSFER IN INDUSTRIAL FURNACES. 2.1 Heat Required for Load and Furnace. 2.2 Flow of Heat Within the Charged Load. 2.3 Heat Transfer to the Charged Load Surface. 2.4 Determining Furnace Gas Exit Temperature. 2.5 Thermal Interaction in Furnaces. 2.6 Temperature Uniformity. 2.7 Turndown. 2.8 Review Questions and Project. 3. HEATING CAPACITY OF BATCH FURNACES. 3.1 Definition of Heating Capacity. 3.2 Effect of Rate of Heat Liberation. 3.3 Effect of Rate of Heat Absorption by the Load. 3.3.1 Major Factors Affecting Furnace Capacity. 3.4 Effect of Load Arrangement. 3.5 Effect of Load Thickness. 3.6 Vertical Heating. 3.7 Batch Indirect-Fired Furnaces. 3.8 Batch Furnace Heating Capacity Practice. 3.9 Controlled Cooling in or After Batch Furnaces. 3.10 Review Questions and Project. 4. HEA TING CAPACITY OF CONTINUOUS FURNACES. 4.1 Continuous Furnaces Compared to Batch Furnaces. 4.2 Continuous Dryers, Ovens, and Furnaces for <1400 F (<760 C). 4.3 Continuous Midrange Furnaces, 1200 to 1800 F (650 to 980 C). 4.4 Sintering and Pelletizing Furnaces. 4.5 Axial Continuous Furnaces for Above 2000 F (1260 C). 4.6 Continuous Furnaces for 1900 to 2500 F (1038 to 1370 C). 4.7 Continuous Liquid Heating Furnaces. 4.8 Review Questions and Projects. 5. SAVING ENERGY IN INDUSTRIAL FURNACE SYSTEMS. 5.1 Furnace Efficiency, Methods for Saving Heat. 5.2 Heat Distribution in a Furnace. 5.3 Furnace, Kiln, and Oven Heat Losses. 5.4 Heat Saving in Direct-Fired Low-Temperature Ovens. 5.5 Saving Fuel in Batch Furnaces. 5.6 Saving Fuel in Continuous Furnaces. 5.7 Effect of Load Thickness on Fuel Economy. 5.8 Saving Fuel in Reheat Furnaces. 5.9 Fuel Consumption Calculation. 5.10 Fuel Consumption Data for Various Furnace Types. 5.11 Energy Conservation by Heat Recovery from Flue Gases. 5.12 Energy Costs of Pollution Control. 5.13 Review Questions, Problems, Project. 6. OPERATION AND CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL FURNACES. 6.1 Burner and Flame Types, Location. 6.2 Flame Fitting. 6.3 Unwanted NOx Formation. 6.4 Controls and Sensors: Care, Location, Zones. 6.5 Air/Fuel Ratio Control. 6.6 Furnace Pressure Control. 6.7 Turndown Ratio. 6.8 Furnace Control Data Needs. 6.9 Soaking Pit Heating Control. 6.10 Uniformity Control in Forge Furnaces. 6.11 Continuous Reheat Furnace Control. 6.12 Review Questions. 7. GAS MOVEMENT IN INDUSTRIAL FURNACES. 7.1 Laws of Gas Movement. 7.2 Furnace Pressure; Flue Port Size and Location. 7.3 Flue and Stack Sizing, Location. 7.4 Gas Circulation in Furnaces. 7.5 Circulation Can Cure Cold Bottoms. 7.6 Review Questions. 8. CALCULATIONS/MAINTENANCE/QUALITY/SPECIFYING A FURNACE. 8.1 Calculating Load Heating Curves. 8.2 Maintenance. 8.3 Product Quality Problems. 8.4 Specifying a Furnace. 8.5 Review Questions and Project. 9. MATERIALS IN INDUSTRIAL FURNACE CONSTRUCTION. 9.1 Basic Elements of a Furnace. 9.2 Refractory Components for Walls, Roof, Hearth. 9.3 Ways in Which Refractories Fail. 9.4 Insulations. 9.5 Installation, Drying, Warm-Up, Repairs. 9.6 Coatings, Mortars, Cements. 9.7 Hearths, Skid Pipes, Hangers, Anchors. 9.8 Water-Cooled Support Systems. 9.9 Metals for Furnace Components. 9.10 Review Questions, Problem, Project. GLOSSARY. REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING. INDEX.

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Book SynopsisBuilding Services, Technology and Design provides a concise guide to the installation and design of principal services in domestic and commercial buildings. It covers the level 2 module of The CIOB's Education Framework and is officially sanctioned by the CIOB as the recognised text for that module. The book combines theory, design and application in one volume and is supported throughout with illustrations, design examples, tables and charts.Services covered include: cold and hot water; heating; ventilation; air conditioning; gas; electricity; security; fire control; sanitation; drainage and transport systems.Building Services, Technology and Design is a core text for the CIOB level 2 module, as well as BTEC HNC/D building studies and degree courses in building. It is also an essential reference for all members of the facilities management and construction industry.

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Book SynopsisIn many climates buildings are unable to provide comfort conditions for year--round occupancy without the benefit of a heating system, and most HVAC engineers will routinely be involved with issues concerning the design, installation and performance of such systems.Table of ContentsIntroduction.. Part A. Heat Generation. Boilers and Burners. Types of Boiler and Their Needs. Alternative Means of Heat Generation. Flueing. Part B. Systems and Control. Room Heat Emitters. Heating Circuits. Hot Water Services. Sizing Central Boiler Plant. Matching Output to Demand. Energy Consumption of Heating Systems. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents the variations, technical details and capabilities of state-of-the-art of thermal insulation materials for building applications. As a single source of information on all aspects of insulation materials, the reader can make an informed choice and select the necessary insulation accordingly.

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Book SynopsisThe style you want--at the price you want to pay! From 1930 to 1942, such advertising slogans drew cash-strapped Depression consumers to the Chase Brass & Copper Co.'s attractive array of lamps and lighting fixtures. Heralded as brilliant in style and authentic in design, the Chase line presented a new concept in brightening the American home, as designed by modern industrial pioneers, including Lurelle Guild, Walter Von Nessen, the Gerths, and Harry Laylon. Chromium, brass, and copper fixtures appear in hundreds of current, catalog, and historic photographs (many in color), vintage advertising, a complete cross-reference listing, price guide, and index. Admirers of twentieth-century decorative arts will enjoy this in-depth look at lights that give lasting satisfaction.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis is the first book in the comprehensive HVAC Library that is the complete guide to the building blocks of HVAC systems. Coverage starts with the basics of various heating systems (steam, electric, oil), insulation, heating calculations, ventilation systems, air conditioning and environmental considerations.Table of ContentsIntroduction xix About the Author xxi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Heating and Ventilating Systems 2 Air Conditioning 4 Selecting a Suitable Heating, Ventilating, or Air Conditioning System 4 Career Opportunities 5 Professional Organizations 7 Chapter 2 Heating Fundamentals 9 British Thermal Unit 9 Relationship Between Heat and Work 9 Heat Transfer 11 Specific, Sensible, and Latent Heat 15 Heat-Conveying Mediums 16 Air 16 Steam 18 Water 22 Electricity 25 Chapter 3 Insulating and Ventilating Structures 27 Insulating Structures 27 Principles of Heat Transmission 28 Heat Transfer Values 29 Thermal Conductivity 29 Thermal Conductance 46 Thermal Resistance 47 Overall Coefficient of Heat Transmission 48 Condensation 48 Vapor Retarders 49 Air Barriers and Air/Vapor Retarders 51 Insulating Materials 52 Rigid Insulation Board 52 Reflective Insulation 54 Blanket or Batt Insulation 55 Loose-Fill Insulation 56 Blown-In Insulation 57 Foam Insulation 58 Building Construction and Location 58 Recommended Insulation Practices 59 Frame Walls 60 Masonry 60 Metal 63 Sandwich Construction 63 Basement Walls 63 Crawl Space Exterior Walls 63 Walls Between Separately Heated Dwelling Units 64 Wood or Metal Joist Frame Floors 64 Concrete Floors 66 Slab-on-Grade Floors 66 Floors of Sandwich Construction 66 Frame Ceilings and Roofs 67 Concrete Ceilings 68 Sandwich Ceilings 68 Windows and Doors 69 Insulating Attics, Attic Crawl Spaces, and Flat Roofs 69 Ventilating Structures 72 Chapter 4 Sizing Residential Heating and Air Conditioning Systems 73 Rule-of-Thumb Methods 74 Sizing Systems Using Coefficients of Heat Transmission 75 Outside Design Temperature 77 Inside Design Temperature 77 Design Temperature Difference 80 Determining Coefficients of Heat Transmission 80 Calculating Net Area 80 Heat Transmission Loss Formula 81 Computing Total Heat Loss 82 Loss in Doors and Windows 84 Loss in Basements 84 Loss in Slab Construction 86 Infiltration Heat Loss 87 Ventilation Heat Loss 92 The Average Value Method 93 Heat Loss Tabulation Forms 95 Estimating Fuel Requirements and Heating Costs 100 The Heat Loss Formula 100 The Corrected Heat Loss Formula 102 The Degree-Day Formula 102 The NEMA Formula 106 Manual J and Related Materials Used for Sizing Heating/Cooling Systems 106 Other Heating Costs 107 Determining Utility Rates 108 Chapter 5 Heating Fuels 111 Natural Gas 112 Manufactured Gas 113 Liquefied Petroleum Gas 113 Fuel Oils 114 Coal 117 Coke 119 Briquettes 119 Coal Oil 119 Wood as Fuel 120 Ash, Slag, and Clinker Formation 122 Soot 123 Comparing Heating Fuel Costs 123 Chapter 6 Warm-Air Heating Systems 125 Classifying Warm-Air Heating Systems 125 Gravity Warm-Air Heating Systems 128 Planning a Gravity Warm-Air Heating System 129 Forced-Warm-Air Heating Systems 130 Planning a Forced-Warm-Air Heating System 131 Perimeter-Loop Warm-Air Heating Systems 132 Ceiling Panel Systems 134 Crawl Space Plenum Systems 134 Zoning a Forced-Warm-Air Heating System 136 Balancing a Warm-Air Heating System 136 Warm-Air Furnaces 137 Control Components 138 Ducts and Duct Sizing 139 Cooling with a Warm-Air Heating System 140 Air Cleaning 141 Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers 142 Advantages of a Warm-Air Heating System 144 Disadvantages of a Warm-Air Heating System 146 Troubleshooting a Warm-Air Heating System 146 Chapter 7 Hydronic Heating Systems 149 Classifying Hot-Water Heating Systems 149 One-Pipe System 150 Series-Loop System 152 Two-Pipe, Direct-Return System 153 Two-Pipe, Reverse-Return System 154 Combination Pipe Systems 155 Zoning a Two-Pipe System 155 Radiant Panel Heating 155 Other Applications 156 Gravity Hot-Water Heating Systems 157 Forced-Hot-Water Heating Systems 163 Hot-Water Boilers 164 Hydronic Furnaces 165 Combination Water Heaters 168 Control Components 169 Pipe and Pipe Sizing 170 Expansion Tanks 171 Circulating Pumps (Circulators) 173 Drainage 175 Heat-Emitting Units 175 Air Conditioning 176 Moisture Control 179 Electrically Heated Systems 179 Advantages of Hydronic Heating Systems 182 Disadvantages of Hydronic Heating Systems 182 Troubleshooting Hydronic Heating Systems 183 Chapter 8 Steam Heating Systems 185 Classifying Steam Heating Systems 185 Gravity Steam Heating Systems 186 One-Pipe, Reverse-Flow System 189 Upfeed One-Pipe System 190 Upfeed One-Pipe Relief System 192 Downfeed One-Pipe System 196 One-Pipe Circuit System 198 One-Pipe, Divided-Circuit Nonrelief System 200 One-Pipe Circuit System with Loop 200 Two-Pipe Steam Heating Systems 201 Two-Pipe, Divided-Circuit System 201 Vapor Steam Heating Systems 202 Open (Atmospheric) Vapor Systems 204 Closed Vapor Systems 209 Vacuum Steam Heating Systems 210 Natural Vacuum Systems 214 Mechanical Vacuum System 219 Combined Atmospheric Pressure and Vacuum Systems 221 Exhaust-Steam Heating 223 Proprietary Systems 228 High-Pressure Steam Heating Systems 242 Steam Boilers 244 Control Components 246 Hartford Return Connection 247 Pipes and Piping Details 248 Steam Traps 248 Pumps 249 Heat-Emitting Units 249 Air Supply and Venting 249 Unit Heaters 250 Air Conditioning 250 Troubleshooting Steam Heating Systems 251 Chapter 9 Electric Heating Systems 253 Central Hot-Water Systems 253 Central Forced-Warm-Air Heating Systems 256 Radiant Heating Systems 258 Baseboard Heating Systems 259 Electric Unit Ventilators 261 Electric Unit Heaters 262 Electric Space Heaters 263 Heat Pumps 263 Electric Heating and Cooling Controls 264 Insulation for Electrically Heated and Cooled Structures 265 Further Information 269 Advantages of Electric Heating and Cooling 269 Disadvantages of Electric Heating and Cooling 270 Troubleshooting Electric Heating Systems 270 Chapter 10 Furnace Fundamentals 273 Classifying Furnaces 273 Upflow Highboy Furnace 275 Upflow Lowboy Furnace 276 Downflow Furnace 276 Horizontal Furnace 278 Gravity Warm-Air Furnaces 279 Selecting a Furnace for a New House 279 Selecting a Furnace for an Older House 282 Furnace Components and Controls 282 Pipeless Floor and Wall Furnaces 285 Duct Furnaces 286 Geothermal Furnaces 286 Furnace Installation 288 Furnace Maintenance 288 Troubleshooting Furnaces 289 Chapter 11 Gas Furnaces 291 Types of Gas Furnaces 291 Standing-Pilot Gas Furnaces 294 Mid-Efficiency Gas Furnaces 295 High-Efficiency Gas Furnaces 297 Gas Furnace Components 299 Furnace Controls 300 Heat Exchanger 305 Gas Burners 308 Gas Pilot Assembly 311 Blower and Motor 313 Air Filter 313 Some Installation Recommendations 316 Locations and Clearances 317 Wiring 318 Duct Connections 320 Ventilation and Combustion Air 321 Venting 323 Flue Pipe 326 Chimney 330 Chimney Troubleshooting 331 Draft Hood 331 Pilot Burner Adjustment 337 Gas Input Adjustment 337 High-Altitude Adjustment 340 Changing Burner Orifices 340 Manifold Pressure Adjustment 342 Combustion Air Adjustment 343 Gas Supply Piping 346 Sizing Gas Piping 348 Installing Gas Piping 349 Typical Startup Instructions for a Standing-Pilot Gas Furnace 350 Typical Startup Instructions for an Electronic Ignition Furnace 352 Blowers and Motors 353 Air Delivery and Blower Adjustment 354 Direct-Drive Blower Adjustment 355 Belt-Drive Blower Adjustment 355 Air Filters 356 Air Conditioning 357 Installation Checklist 360 Gas Furnace Inspections, Service, and Maintenance Tips 361 Troubleshooting a Gas Furnace 363 Troubleshooting Charts 368 Chapter 12 Oil Furnaces 375 Conventional Oil Furnace 375 Mid-Efficiency and High-Efficiency Oil Furnaces 378 Mid-Efficiency (Noncondensing) Oil Furnace 379 High-Efficiency (Condensing) Oil Furnace 379 Basic Components of an Oil Furnace 382 Furnace Controls 382 Heat Exchanger 386 Oil Burner Assembly 388 Fuel Pump and Fuel Pump Motor 389 Blower and Motor 390 Combustion Air Blowers 392 Cleanout and Observation Ports 392 Vent Opening 392 Air Filter 392 Installing an Oil Furnace 393 Some Installation Recommendations 393 Location and Clearance 393 Wiring 394 Duct Connections 395 Ventilation and Combustion Air 395 Combustion Draft 397 Venting 397 Chimneys and Chimney Troubleshooting 399 Installation Checklist 400 Fuel Supply Tank and Fuel Line 401 Fuel Tank Location 402 Filler Pipe 404 Tank Vent Pipe 405 Oil Filter 405 Blowers and Motors 405 Waste Oil Furnaces 405 Air Conditioning 406 Starting the Burner 407 Oil Furnace Spillage 408 Oil Furnace Inspection, Service, and Maintenance Tips 408 Oil Furnace Adjustments 410 Troubleshooting Oil Furnaces 411 Troubleshooting Charts 414 Chapter 13 Coal Furnaces, Wood Furnaces, and Multi-Fuel Furnaces 419 Coal Furnaces 419 Sizing Requirements 419 Location and Clearance 420 Installation Recommendations 421 Duct Connections 421 Electrical Wiring 423 Ventilation and Combustion Air 424 Venting 430 Flue Pipe 430 Chimneys and Chimney Troubleshooting 430 Furnace Components 432 Automatic Controls 432 Furnace Grate 433 Coal Stoker 434 Hand-Firing Methods 434 Blower and Motor Assembly 435 Blower Adjustment 435 Air Filter 435 System Accessory Devices 435 Wood Furnaces 436 Wood Add-On Furnaces 437 Multi-Fuel Furnaces 438 Installation, Operating, and Maintenance Instructions for Coal, Wood, and Multi-Fuel Furnaces 441 Assembly and Installation Recommendations 441 Maintenance Instructions 442 Multi-Fuel Furnace Operation 447 Troubleshooting Coal, Wood, and Multi-Fuel Furnaces 448 Chapter 14 Electric Furnaces 453 Electrical Power Supply 453 Planning Suggestions 454 Location and Clearance 455 Installation Recommendations 456 Duct Connections 456 Basic Components 457 Automatic Controls 458 Heating Elements 462 Timing Sequences 463 Safety Controls 464 Temperature Limit Controls 464 Secondary High-Limit Control 464 Furnace Fuses 464 Circuit Breakers 464 Transformer 468 Thermal Overload Protector 470 Electrical Wiring 470 Blowers and Motors 471 Air Delivery and Blower Adjustment 471 Air Filter 471 Air Conditioning 471 Maintenance and Operating Instructions 475 Furnace Air Filters, Electronic Air Cleaners, and Humidifers 475 Heating Elements and Heating Control Wiring 475 Blowers/Fans 476 Ducts 476 Thermostats 476 Furnaces without Air Conditioners 477 Troubleshooting an Electric Furnace 477 Chapter 15 Steam and Hot-Water Space Heating Boilers 481 Boiler Rating Method 485 Boiler Heating Surface 486 Boiler Efficiency 486 Types of Boilers 487 Gas-Fired Boilers 492 OilFired Boilers 493 Coal-Fired Boilers 493 Electric Boilers 497 High-Efficiency Boilers 502 Steam Boiler Valves, Controls, and Accessories 502 Steam Boiler Low-Water Cutoffs 505 Installing a Low-Water Cutoff 508 Fusible Plugs 515 Pressure Relief Valves 515 Pressure Controllers 517 Vacuum Relief Valve 519 Steam Boiler Aquastat 521 Blowdown Valve 521 Try Cocks 522 Steam Boiler Injectors 523 Water Gauges 524 Water Columns 526 Steam Gauges 526 Steam Gauge Pigtails 528 Hartford Return Connection 529 Hot-Water Boiler Valves, Controls, and Accessories 529 Hot-Water Boiler Low-Water Cutoffs 532 Hot-Water Boiler Pressure Relief Valves 534 High-Pressure Limit Switch 535 Hot-Water Boiler Aquastats 535 Pressure-Reducing Valves 538 Combination Valves 541 Balancing Valve 548 Backflow Preventer 548 Altitude Gauges 549 Circulator (Pump) 550 Air Separator 550 Purging Air from the System 553 Expansion Tanks 553 Air Supply and Venting 553 Induced-Draft Fans 558 Controlling Excessive Draft (Gas-FiredBoilers) 559 Tankless Water Heaters 560 Leaking Coils 561 Blowing Down a Boiler 561 Boiler Operation, Service, and Maintenance 562 Steam Boilers 563 Hot-Water (Hydronic) Boilers 564 Boiler Water 564 Cleaning Boilers 565 Troubleshooting Boilers 565 Boiler Repairs 568 Installing Boilers 568 Chapter 16 Boiler and Furnace Conversion 569 Preparation for Conversion 570 Basic Combustion Chamber Requirements 572 Combustion Chambers for Conversion Gas Burners 572 Combustion Chambers for Conversion Oil Burners 574 Construction Materials 576 Building a Combustion Chamber 578 Ventilation Requirements 580 Flue Pipe and Chimney 582 Baffling 584 Gas Piping and Piping Connections 584 Gas Input Setting 587 Installing a Conversion Gas Burner 589 Starting a Conversion Gas Burner (with Pilot Light) 590 Starting a Conversion Gas Burner (Pilotless) 593 Servicing a Conversion Gas Burner 594 Oil Tanks and Oil Piping 597 Installing a Conversion Oil Burner 598 Starting a Conversion Oil Burner 600 Servicing a Conversion Oil Burner 601 Troubleshooting Oil and Gas Conversion Burners 602 Appendix A Professional and Trade Associations 603 Appendix B Manufacturers 615 Appendix C HVAC/R Education, Training, Certification, and Licensing 627 Appendix D Data Tables 631 Appendix E Conversion Tables 669 Index 679

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive, hands-on guide to installing, servicing, and repairing basic air-conditioning systems in both new and older construction. It also covers specialized heating units - radiators, radiant heating systems, stoves, fireplaces, heat pumps, and indoor/outdoor pool heaters, plus fans, exhaust systems, air filters, and others.Table of ContentsIntroduction xvii About the Author xix Chapter 1 Radiant Heating 1 Types of Radiant Panel Heating Systems 2 Floor Panel Systems 2 Ceiling Panel Systems 2 Wall Panel Systems 5 Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating 6 System Components 6 Designing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System 28 Coils and Coil Patterns 41 Installing a Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System (PEX Tubing) 44 Servicing and Maintaining Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating Systems 49 Troubleshooting Hydronic Floor Radiant Heating Systems 49 Hydronic Radiant Heating Snow- and Ice-Melting Systems 51 Electric Radiant Floor Heating 52 Installing Electric Heating Mats or Rolls 58 Installing Electric Cable 65 Servicing and Maintaining an Electric Radiant Floor Heating System 67 Troubleshooting Electric Radiant Floor Heating Systems 67 Cooling for Hydronic Radiant Floor Systems 68 Chapter 2 Radiators, Convectors, and Unit Heaters 71 Radiators 72 Radiator Efficiency 74 Radiator Heat Output 77 Sizing Radiators 78 Installing Radiators 79 Radiator Valves 86 Radiator Piping Connections 92 Vents and Venting 93 Steam Traps 99 Troubleshooting Radiators 99 Convectors 100 Convector Piping Connections 101 Hydronic Fan Convectors 106 Troubleshooting Hydronic Fan Convectors 106 Steam and Hot-Water Baseboard Heaters 107 Construction Details 108 Integral Fin-and-Tube Baseboard Heaters 112 Installing Baseboard Units 113 Baseboard Heater Maintenance 119 Electric Baseboard Heaters 119 Installing Electric Baseboard Heaters 124 Kickspace Heaters 127 Floor and Window Recessed Heaters 129 Unit Heaters 130 Unit Heater Piping Connections 135 Unit Heater Controls 138 Gas-Fired Unit Heaters 140 Oil-Fired Unit Heaters 141 Chapter 3 Fireplaces, Stoves, and Chimneys 145 Fireplaces 145 Fireplace Location 145 Fireplace Dimensions 146 Fireplace Construction Details 149 Firebox, Lintel, and Mantel 150 Fireplace Hearth 151 Ash Dump, Ashpit, and Cleanout Door 152 Smoke Chamber 152 Fireplace Dampers 153 Modified Fireplaces 156 Freestanding Fireplaces 157 Rumford Fireplace 158 Chimney Draft 162 Chimney Construction Details 164 Chimney Flues and Chimney Liners 165 Smoke Pipe 167 Cleanout Trap 168 Chimney Downdraft 168 Prefabricated Metal Chimneys 169 Troubleshooting Fireplaces and Chimneys 169 Stoves, Ranges, and Heaters 169 Installation Instructions 177 Operating Instructions 178 Chapter 4 Water Heaters 179 Types of Water Heaters 179 Direct-Fired Water Heaters 180 Automatic Storage Water Heaters 180 Multicoil Water Heaters 182 Multiflue Water Heaters 183 Instantaneous Water Heaters 184 Indirect Water Heaters 185 Quick-Recovery Heaters 189 Slow-Recovery Heaters 189 Heat Pump Water Heaters 190 Combination Water Heaters 191 Water Heater Construction Details 192 Water Storage Tanks 193 Tank Fittings 194 Dip Tubes 194 Anodes 197 Valves 197 Safety ReliefValves 197 Vacuum ReliefValve 206 Gas-Fired Water Heaters 209 Storage Capacity 209 Gas Burners 210 Automatic Controls on Gas-Fired Water Heaters 210 Combination Gas Valve 221 Installation and Operation of Gas-Fired Water Heaters 225 Hot-Water Circulating Methods 230 Building and Safety Code Requirements 230 Lighting and Operating Instructions 231 Installation and Maintenance Checklist 232 Troubleshooting Gas-Fired Water Heaters 233 Oil-Fired Water Heaters 238 Electric Water Heaters 240 Troubleshooting Electric Water Heaters 242 Manual Water Heaters 245 Assembly and Installation of Manual Water Heaters 246 Solar Water Heaters 246 Chapter 5 Heating Swimming Pools 249 Classifying Pool Heaters 251 Gas-Fired Pool Heaters 255 Oil-Fired Pool Heaters 259 Electric Pool Heaters 260 Heat-Exchanger Pool Heaters 263 Solar Pool Heaters 264 Heat Pump Pool Heaters 267 Sizing Pool Heaters 267 The Surface-Area Method 270 The Time-Rise Method 271 Sizing Indoor Pool Heaters 271 Installing Pool Heaters 271 Pool Heater Repair and Maintenance 273 Troubleshooting Pool Heaters and Equipment 274 Chapter 6 Ventilation Principles 281 The Motive Force 282 Inductive Action of the Wind 282 Induced Draft 285 Combined Force of Wind Effect and Thermal Effect 285 Mechanical Ventilation 287 Air Ventilation Requirements 287 Roof Ventilators 289 Types of Roof Ventilators 289 Stationary-Head Ventilators 290 Revolving Ventilators 290 Turbine Ventilators 291 Ridge Ventilators 293 Siphonage Ventilators 294 Fan Ventilators 294 Components of a Roof Ventilator 295 Motive Force to Cause Air Circulation 296 Capacity of Ventilators 296 Design and Placement of Inlet Air Openings 298 Fresh Air Requirements 299 Ventilator Bases 299 Angle Rings 302 Stiffener Angles 303 Prefabricated Roof Curbs 303 Ventilator Dampers 304 Louver Dampers 305 Sliding Sleeve Dampers 306 Sliding Cone Dampers 306 Butterfly Dampers 306 Method of Calculating Number and Size of Ventilators Required 307 Ventilator Calculation Examples 308 Air Leakage 309 Garage Ventilation 310 Ventilation of Kitchens 311 General Ventilation Rules 312 Chapter 7 Ventilation and Exhaust Fans 315 Codes and Standards 315 Definitions 315 Types of Fans 317 Furnace Blowers 319 Basic Fan Laws 319 Series and Parallel Fan Operation 321 Fan Performance Curves 322 General Ventilation 322 Determining CFM by the Air-Change Method 323 Determining CFM by the Heat Removal Method 325 Determining Air Intake 326 Screen Efficiency 326 Static Pressure 327 Local Ventilation 328 Exhaust-Hood Design Recommendations 332 Fan Motors 333 Troubleshooting Fans 337 Fan Selection 341 Fan Installation 344 Fan Installation Checklist 344 Air Volume Control 347 Noise Control 347 Fan Applications 347 Attic Ventilating Fans 348 Exhaust Fans 355 Kitchen Exhaust Fans 355 Bathroom Exhaust Fans 356 Whole-House Ventilation 356 Chapter 8 Air-Conditioning 361 Properties of Air 362 Humidity 362 Temperature 365 Pressure 368 Compression and Cooling 370 Measuring the Physical Properties of Air 372 Cleaning and Filtering the Air 374 Standards of Comfort 376 The Comfort Chart 377 Cooling Load Estimate Form 379 Indoor-Outdoor Design Conditions 383 Ventilation Requirements 384 Cooling a Structure 386 External Sources of Heat 386 Internal Sources of Heat 392 Calculating Infiltration and Ventilation Heat Gain 394 Rule-of-Thumb Methods for Sizing Air Conditioners 394 HVAC Contractor’s Cooling Load Estimate 395 Using the ACCA Design Manuals for Sizing Air-Conditioning Systems 396 Central Air-Conditioning 397 Cooling Methods 397 Central Air-Conditioning Applications 410 Room Air Conditioners 421 Chapter 9 Air-Conditioning Equipment 423 Mechanical Refrigeration Equipment 423 Compressors 424 Troubleshooting Compressors 430 Compressor Replacement 435 Electric Motors 435 Troubleshooting Electrical Motors 436 Gas Engines 437 Electrical Components 437 Troubleshooting Electrical Components 438 Condenser 439 Condenser Service and Maintenance 442 Troubleshooting Condensers 443 Receiver 443 Evaporator 447 Evaporator Service and Maintenance 447 Troubleshooting Evaporators 447 Refrigerants 448 Liquid Refrigerant Control Devices 449 Automatic Expansion Valves 449 Thermostatic Expansion Valves 450 Float Valves 453 Capillary Tubes 454 Refrigerant Piping 454 Refrigerant Piping Service and Maintenance 455 Troubleshooting Refrigerant Piping 456 Filters and Dryers 457 Pressure-Limiting Controls 457 Water-Regulating Valves 458 Automatic Controls 459 System Troubleshooting 459 General Servicing and Maintenance 460 Regular Maintenance 463 Pumping Down 464 Purging 464 Evacuating the System 464 Charging 465 Silver-Brazing Repairs 467 Chapter 10 Heat Pumps 471 Heat Pump Operating Principles 471 Heating Cycle 471 Cooling Cycle 473 Defrost Cycle 473 Types of Heat Pumps 476 Air-Source Heat Pumps 476 Ground-Source Heat Pumps 481 Water-Source Heat Pumps 483 Other Types of Heat Pumps 485 Gas-Fired Heat Pumps 485 Dual-Fuel Heat Pump System 486 Dual-Source Heat Pumps 486 Ductless Heat Pumps 487 Heat Pump Performance and Efficiency Ratings 487 Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) 488 Heating Season Performance Factor (HSPF) 488 Coefficiency of Performance (COP) 488 Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) 488 Energy Star Rating 488 Heat Pump System Components 488 Compressor 490 Indoor Coil and Blower 491 Outdoor Coil and Fan 491 Refrigerant Lines 491 Reversing Valve and Solenoid 491 Thermostatic Expansion Valve 493 Desuperheater 494 Control Box 494 Fan/Blower Motors 499 Heat Pump Defrost System 499 High-Pressure Switch 500 Low-Pressure Switch 501 Other Electric/Electronic Heat Pump Controls and Connections 501 Accumulator 501 Room Thermostat 501 Service Valves and Gauge Ports 502 Gauge Manifold 503 Filter Dryer 503 Crankcase Heater 503 Muffler 505 Sizing Heat Pumps 505 Heat Pump Installation Recommendations 507 Heat Pump Operating Instructions 510 Heating 510 Cooling 511 Heat Pump Service and Maintenance 511 Service and Maintenance Checklist 512 Adjusting Heat Pump Refrigerant Charge 513 Troubleshooting Heat Pumps 514 Troubleshooting Heat Pump Compressors 517 Chapter 11 Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers 519 Humidifiers 521 Spray Humidifiers 522 Pan Humidifiers 523 Stationary-Pad Humidifiers 524 Steam Humidifiers 524 Bypass Humidifiers 525 Power Humidifiers 526 Automatic Controls 526 Installation Instructions 529 Service and Maintenance Suggestions 534 Troubleshooting Humidifiers 535 Dehumidifiers 537 Absorption Dehumidifiers 538 Spray Dehumidifiers 541 Refrigeration Dehumidifiers 541 Automatic Controls 542 Installation Suggestions 542 Operating and Maintenance Suggestions 542 Troubleshooting Dehumidifiers 543 Chapter 12 Air Cleaners and Filters 547 Electronic Air Cleaners 547 Charged-Media Air Cleaners 549 Two-Stage Air Cleaners 553 Automatic Controls 554 Clogged-Filter Indicator 556 Performance Lights 557 Sail Switch 559 In-Place Water-Wash Controls 561 Cabinet-Model Control Panels 563 Installation Instructions 564 Electrical Wiring 564 Maintenance Instructions 565 Replacing Tungsten Ionizing Wires 568 Troubleshooting Electronic Air Cleaners 569 Air Washers 571 Air Filters 572 Dry Air Filters 574 Viscous Air Filters 574 Filter Installation and Maintenance 575 Appendix A Professional and Trade Associations 577 Appendix B Manufacturers 589 Appendix C HVAC/R Education, Training, Certification, and Licensing 601 Appendix D Data Tables 605 Appendix E Psychrometric Charts 643 Index 647

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Book SynopsisAnswers when you need them When you need to check specs, confirm measurements, or make a quick metric conversion on the job, find the answers quickly and easily--right in your pocket.Table of ContentsConversion Tables. Basic Electricity. Heating Fuels. Piping and Pipefitting. Gas Piping. Gas Burners. Dual Fuel/Conversion Gas Burner Specifications. Residential and Light-Commercial Oil Burner Specifications. Burner Nozzles. Oil Storage Tanks. Fuel Pumps. Chimneys and Fireplaces. Steam Heating Systems. Hydronic (Hot-Water) Heating Systems. Cast-Iron Radiators. Radiator and Convector Details. Properties of Water, Air, and Saturated Steam. Pipe Performance Data. Copper Tube. PEX Plastic Tubing. Ducts and Duct Systems. Thermostats. Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers. Compressors and Condensers. Refrigerants. Ventilation and Exhaust Fans. Electric Motors. Insulation. Weather Data, Design Conditions, and Related Factors Used in Heating and Cooling Load Calculations.

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Book SynopsisHeavily updated and expanded, this second edition of Adrian Waygood's textbook provides an indispensable introduction to the science behind electrical engineering. While fully matched to the electrical science requirements of the 2330 levels 2 and 3 Certificates in Electrotechnical Technology from City & Guilds (Electrical Installation), the main purpose of this book is to develop an easy understanding of the how and why within each topic. It is aimed at those starting careers in electricity and electronics, as well as any hobbyists, with an array of new material to reflect changes in the industry. New chapters include: Electrical drawings Practical resistors Measuring instruments Basic motor action Practical capacitors Basic transformer theory The electricity supply industry and more Table of ContentsForeword. Introduction. SI System of Measurements. Electrical Schematic and Wiring Diagrams. The 'Electron Theory' of Electricity. Electric Current. Potential and Potential Difference. Resistance. Resistors. Conductors and Cables. Effect of Temperature-Change upon Resistance. Ohm’s Law of Constant Proportionality. Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel Circuits. Electrical Measurements. Cells and Batteries. Internal Resistance. Energy, Work, Heat and Power. Magnetism. Electromagnetism. Magnetic Circuits. Electromagnetic Induction. Motor Principle. Transformers. Capacitance. Capacitors. Geometry and Trigonometry Revision for A.C. Introduction to Alternating Current. Series Alternating-Current Circuits. Power in Alternating-Current Circuits. Parallel Alternating-Current Circuits. Summary of Equations Derived from Phasor Diagrams. Power Factor Improvement. Balanced Three-Phase A.C. Systems.

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Book SynopsisThis second edition of this well-respected book covers all aspects of the traffic design and control of vertical transportation systems in buildings, making it an essential reference for vertical transportation engineers, other members of the design team, and researchers. The book introduces the basic principles of circulation, outlines traffic design methods and examines and analyses traffic control using worked examples and case studies to illustrate key points. The latest analysis techniques are set out, and the book is up-to-date with current technology. A unique and well-established book, this much-needed new edition features extensive updates to technology and practice, drawing on the latest international research. Table of Contents1. Introduction PART A 2. Principles of interior circulation & circulation elements 3. Escalator and moving walk circulation Circulation case studies PART B 4. Principles of classical lift traffic design 5. Evaluating the round trip time equation 6. Determination of passenger demand & an improved design procedure 7. Uppeak traffic calculations: limitations and assumptions 8. Consideration of lift function, building form, building function, uppeak boosters and disadvantage transportation and their effect on the round trip time equation 9. General philosophy of lift traffic design by calculation Traffic case studies PART C 10. Legacy traffic control 11. Computer based traffic control 12. Overview of modern lift group control systems 13. Advanced analysis of uppeak PART D 14. Advanced analysis of down peak 15. Advanced analysis of interfloor traffic 16. Midday traffic PART E 17. Simulation and computer aided design 18. Advanced techniques 19. Traffic surveys 20. Current trends and future developments Appendix

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Book SynopsisUnderground Ventilation contains the proceedings of the 19th North American Mine Ventilation Symposium held at the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology (South Dakota Mines) in Rapid City, South Dakota, June 17-22, 2023. South Dakota Mines organized this symposium in collaboration with the Underground Ventilation Committee (UVC) of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME). The Mine Ventilation Symposium series has always been a premier forum for ventilation experts, practitioners, educators, students, regulators, and suppliers from around the world to exchange knowledge, ideas, and opinions. Underground Ventilation features sixty-seven selected technical papers in a wide range of ventilation topics including: auxiliary and primary systems, mine fans, case studies, computational fluid dynamics applications, diesel particulate control, electric machinery, mine cooling and refrigeration, mine dust monitoring and contTable of ContentsAuxiliary VentilationCase Studies of Mine VentilationComputational Fluid Dynamics Applications in Mine VentilationDiesel Particulate ControlElectric Machinery in Mine VentilationMine Cooling and RefrigerationMine Dust Monitoring and ControlMine FansMine Fires and Explosion PreventionMine GasesMine HeatMine Ventilation and AutomationOccupational Health and Safety in Mine VentilationRenewable/Alternative Energy in Mine VentilationVentilation Monitoring and MeasurementVentilation Network Analysis and OptimizationVentilation Planning and DesignIndex

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Book SynopsisThis richly illustrated, up-to-date guide offers practical coverage of all aspects of lighting design. Written by an award-winning, internationally known lighting designer, it covers lighting practices, materials, and their design applications and offers guidelines for preparing lighting drawings, control and transfer charts, symbol lists, and other technical specifications. This edition provides a new focus on the use of LEDs, as well as new and expanded coverage of renderings, Mesopic Vision, and the latest controls approaches and systems.Trade ReviewThis incredibly detailed reference book by an experienced lighting designer can serve a dual purpose: It can help landscape architects who are working with lighting professionals to research some of the issues they need to discuss, and it can serve as a guide to landscape architects on smaller projects who will be doing lighting design themselves. This third edition has been updated to include guidance on how LED technology requires changes to the configuration of light fixtures. Sections on how to light residential and public spaces as well as specifics on how to light different plants, sculptures, walkways, and stairs make this a reference book designers should keep handy. (Landscape Architecture Magazine, November 2013)Table of ContentsPrefaces xiiAcknowledgements xivI. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT1.Assessing Project Needs 12.Vision and Perception of Light 133.Luminous Composition 194.The Design Process:Documenting and Installing Landscape Lighting 335.Follow-up Work: Record Documents and Project Maintenance 65II. MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY 856. Light Sources 877. Light Fixtures 1058. Corrosion, Materials, and Finishes 1379.Controls 15510.Wiring 169III.APPLICATIONS 19311.Residential Spaces 19512. Public Spaces 20513. Atria 211IV. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN 21914. Plant Materials 22115.Garden Evolution: Changes That Affect16. Sculptures, Architectural Structures, and Signage 26717.Walkways and Stairs 28118.Building Elevation Lighting 29719.Water Features 309APPENDIX 321Documents 322Lighting Manufacturers Directory 349Bibliography 357INDEX 361

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsAbout the Authors xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the First Edition xv Nomenclature xix About the Companion Website xxxi 1 Heat Exchangers: Semantics 1 1.1 Heat Transfer in a Heat Exchanger 1 1.2 Modeling a Heat Exchanger 5 1.3 Irreversibilities in Heat Exchangers 20 1.4 Thermodynamic Irreversibility and Temperature Cross Phenomena 27 1.5 Heuristic Approach to an Assessment of Heat Exchanger Effectiveness 35 1.6 Energy, Exergy, and Cost Balances in the Analysis of Heat Exchangers 39 1.7 Performance Evaluation Criteria Based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics 58 2 Overview of Heat Exchanger Design Methodology: The Art 63 2.1 Heat Exchanger Design Methodology 63 2.2 Interactions Among Design Considerations 77 2.3 Heat Exchanger Design for Manufacturing 78 3 Thermal Design for Recuperators 91 3.1 Heat Flow and Thermal Resistance 91 3.2 Heat Exchanger Design Variables/Parameters 93 3.3 The ε-NTU Method 105 3.4 Effectiveness-NTU Relationships 112 3.5 The P-NTU Method 128 3.6 P-NTU Relationships 131 3.7 The Mean Temperature Difference Method 157 3.8 F Factors for Various Flow Arrangements 161 3.9 Comparison of the ε-NTU, P-NTU, and MTD Methods 176 3.10 The υ-P and P1-P2 Methods 179 3.11 Solution Methods for Determining Exchanger Effectiveness 181 3.12 Heat Exchanger Design Problems 185 4 Relaxation of Design Assumptions. Extended Surfaces 189 4.1 Longitudinal Wall Heat Conduction Effects 189 4.2 Nonuniform Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients 200 4.3 Extended Surface Exchangers 213 4.4 Additional Considerations for Shell-and-Tube Exchangers 243 4.5 Flow Maldistribution 248 5 Thermal Design of Regenerators 283 5.1 Heat Transfer Analysis 283 5.2 The (ε-NTUo) Method 290 5.3 The Λ-Π Method 309 5.4 Influence of Longitudinal Wall Heat Conduction 319 5.5 Influence of Transverse Wall Heat Conduction 326 5.6 Influence of Pressure and Carryover Leakages 330 5.7 Influence of Matrix Material, Size, and Arrangement 336 6 Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop Analysis 341 6.1 Introduction 341 6.2 Extended Surface Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop 344 6.3 Regenerator Pressure Drop 354 6.4 Tubular Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop 354 6.5 Plate Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop 357 6.6 Pressure Drop Associated with Fluid Distribution Elements 359 6.7 Pressure Drop Presentation 371 6.8 Pressure Drop Dependence on Geometry and Fluid Properties 377 7 Surface Heat Transfer and Flow Friction Characteristics 379 7.1 Basic Concepts 379 7.2 Dimensionless Groups 394 7.3 Experimental Techniques for Determining Surface Characteristics 402 7.4 Analytical and Semiempirical Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Correlations for Simple Geometries 423 7.5 Experimental Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Correlations for Complex Geometries 458 7.6 Influence of Temperature-Dependent Fluid Properties 474 7.7 Influence of Superimposed Free Convection 477 7.8 Influence of Superimposed Radiation 482 8 Geometry of Heat Exchangers' Surfaces 489 8.1 Tubular Heat Exchangers 489 8.2 Tube-Fin Heat Exchangers 494 8.3 Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers 499 8.4 Regenerators With Continuous Cylindrical Passages 508 8.5 Shell-and-Tube Exchangers with Segmental Baffles 511 8.6 Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers 519 9 Heat Exchanger Design Procedures 521 9.1 Fluid Mean Temperatures 521 9.2 Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers 524 9.3 Tube-Fin Heat Exchangers 547 9.4 Plate Heat Exchangers 548 9.5 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 560 9.6 Note on Heat Exchanger Optimization 578 10 Selection of Heat Exchangers and Their Components 581 10.1 Selection Criteria Based on Operating Parameters 581 10.2 General Selection Guidelines for Major Exchanger Types 587 10.3 Some Quantitative Considerations 606 Appendix A Classification of Heat Exchangers 631 Appendix B P-NTU Relationships 699 References 713 Index 725

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Book SynopsisHeating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning The authoritative resource providing coverage of all aspects of HVAC, fully updated to align with the latest HVAC technologies and methods Now in its Seventh Edition, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning has been fully updated to align with the latest technologies and industry developments while maintaining the balance of theoretical information with practical applications that has prepared many generations of students for their careers. As they work through the book, students will become familiar with different types of heating and air conditioning systems and equipment, understand processes and concepts involving moist atmospheric air, learn how to provide comfort to occupants in controlled spaces, and gain practice calculating probable heat loss/gain and energy requirements. A companion website includes additional multiple-choice questions, tutorial videos showing problem-solving for R-value calculationTable of ContentsAbout the Companion Website xi 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Historical Notes 2 1.2 Common HVAC Units and Dimensions 3 1.3 Fundamental Physical Concepts 6 1.4 Additional Comments 18 References 19 Problems 19 2. Air-Conditioning Systems 22 2.1 The Complete System 22 2.2 System Selection and Arrangement 24 2.3 HVAC Components and Distribution Systems 27 2.4 Types of All-Air Systems 28 2.5 Air-and-Water Systems 35 2.6 All-Water Systems 37 2.7 Decentralized Cooling and Heating 38 2.8 Heat Pump Systems 41 2.9 Heat Recovery Systems 43 2.10 Thermal Energy Storage 44 References 45 Problems 46 3. Moist Air Properties and Conditioning Processes 49 3.1 Moist Air and The Standard Atmosphere 49 3.2 Fundamental Parameters 51 3.3 Adiabatic Saturation 53 3.4 Wet Bulb Temperature and the Psychrometric Chart 55 3.5 Classic Moist Air Processes 57 3.6 Space Air Conditioning—Design Conditions 66 3.7 Space Air Conditioning—Off-Design Conditions 77 References 81 Problems 81 4. Comfort and Health—Indoor Environmental Quality 86 4.1 Comfort—Physiological Considerations 87 4.2 Environmental Comfort Indices 87 4.3 Comfort Conditions 91 4.4 The Basic Concerns of IAQ 93 4.5 Common Contaminants 94 4.6 Methods to Control Humidity 96 4.7 Methods to Control Contaminants 98 References 116 Problems 116 5. Heat Transmission in Building Structures 120 5.1 Basic Heat-Transfer Modes 120 5.2 Tabulated Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficients 139 5.3 Moisture Transmission 154 References 155 Problems 155 6. Space Heating Load 159 6.1 Outdoor Design Conditions 159 6.2 Indoor Design Conditions 160 6.3 Transmission Heat Losses 161 6.4 Infiltration 161 6.5 Heat Losses from Air Ducts 174 6.6 Auxiliary Heat Sources 176 6.7 Intermittently Heated Structures 176 6.8 Supply Air for Space Heating 176 6.9 Source Media for Space Heating 177 6.10 Computer Calculation of Heating Loads 178 References 179 Problems 180 7. Solar Radiation 182 7.1 Thermal Radiation 182 7.2 The Earth’s Motion About the Sun 185 7.3 Time 186 7.4 Solar Angles 188 7.5 Solar Irradiation 191 7.6 Heat Gain Through Fenestrations 198 7.7 Energy Calculations 213 References 214 Problems 214 8. The Cooling Load 217 8.1 Heat Gain, Cooling Load, and Heat Extraction Rate 217 8.2 Application of Cooling Load Calculation Procedures 220 8.3 Design Conditions 221 8.4 Internal Heat Gains 222 8.5 Overview of the Heat Balance Method 226 8.6 Transient Conduction Heat Transfer 228 8.7 Outside Surface Heat Balance—Opaque Surfaces 232 8.8 Fenestration—Transmitted Solar Radiation 238 8.9 Interior Surface Heat Balance—Opaque Surfaces 240 8.10 Surface Heat Balance—Transparent Surfaces 246 8.11 Zone Air Heat Balance 250 8.12 Implementation of the Heat Balance Method 255 8.13 Radiant Time Series Method 256 8.14 Implementation of the Radiant Time Series Method 266 8.15 Supply Air Quantities 273 References 273 Problems 275 9. Energy Calculations and Building Simulation 279 9.1 Degree-Day Procedure 279 9.2 Bin Method 282 9.3 Comprehensive Simulation Methods 287 9.4 Energy Calculation Tools 293 9.5 Other Aspects of Building Simulation 294 References 294 Problems 297 10. Flow, Pumps, and Piping Design 298 10.1 Fluid Flow Basics 298 10.2 Centrifugal Pumps 309 10.3 Combined System and Pump Characteristics 313 10.4 Piping System Fundamentals 317 10.5 System Design 335 10.6 Steam Heating Systems 343 References 356 Problems 357 11. Space Air Diffusion 363 11.1 Behavior of Jets 363 11.2 Air-Distribution System Design 371 References 388 Problems 388 12. Fans and Building Air Distribution 391 12.1 Fans 391 12.2 Fan Relations 391 12.3 Fan Performance and Selection 396 12.4 Fan Installation 403 12.5 Field Performance Testing 410 12.6 Fans and Variable-Air-Volume Systems 412 12.7 Air Flow in Ducts 414 12.8 Air Flow in Fittings 421 12.9 Accessories 434 12.10 Duct Design—General 435 12.11 Duct Design—Sizing 440 References 450 Problems 450 13. Direct Contact Heat and Mass Transfer 456 13.1 Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 456 13.2 Spray Chambers 459 13.3 Cooling Towers 467 References 474 Problems 475 14. Extended Surface Heat Exchangers 477 14.1 The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) Method 478 14.2 The Number of Transfer Units (NTU) Method 479 14.3 Heat Transfer—Single-Component Fluids 480 14.4 Transport Coefficients Inside Tubes 487 14.5 Transport Coefficients Outside Tubes and Compact Surfaces 492 14.6 Design Procedures for Sensible Heat Transfer 498 14.7 Combined Heat and Mass Transfer 509 References 520 Problems 520 15. Refrigeration 524 15.1 The Performance of Refrigeration Systems 524 15.2 The Theoretical Single-Stage Compression Cycle 526 15.3 Refrigerants 529 15.4 Refrigeration Equipment Components 535 15.5 The Real Single-Stage Cycle 549 15.6 Absorption Refrigeration 555 15.7 The Theoretical Absorption Refrigeration System 565 15.8 The Aqua–Ammonia Absorption System 567 15.9 The Lithium Bromide–Water System 571 References 574 Problems 574 Appendix A. Thermophysical Properties 577 Table A.1a Properties of Refrigerant 718 (Water–Steam)—English Units 578 Table A.1b Properties of Refrigerant 718 (Water–Steam)—SI Units 579 Table A.2a Properties of Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2 Tetrafluoroethane)—English Units 580 Table A.2b Properties of Refrigerant 134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)—SI Units 582 Table A.3a Properties of Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)—English Units 584 Table A.3b Properties of Refrigerant 22 (Chlorodifluoromethane)—SI Units 586 Table A.4a Air—English Units 588 Table A.4b Air—SI Units 589 Appendix B. Weather Data 590 Table B.1a Heating and Cooling Design Conditions—United States, Canada, and the World—English Units 591 Table B.1b Heating and Cooling Design Conditions—United States, Canada, and World—SI Units 594 Table B.2 Annual Bin Weather Data for Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 35 24 N, 97 36 W, 1285 ft Elevation 597 Table B.3 Annual Bin Weather Data for Chicago, Illinois, 41 47 N, 87 45 W, 607 ft Elevation 597 Table B.4 Annual Bin Weather Data for Denver, Colorado, 39 45 N, 104 52 W, 5283 ft Elevation 598 Table B.5 Annual Bin Weather Data for Washington, D.C., 38 51 N, 77 02 W, 14 ft Elevation 598 Appendix C. Pipe and Tube Data 599 Table C.1 Steel Pipe Dimensions—English and SI Units 600 Table C.2 Type L Copper Tube Dimensions—English and SI Units 601 Appendix D. Useful Data 602 Table D.1 Conversion Factors 603 Appendix E. Charts 605 Chart 1a ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 1 (IP) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 606 Chart 1b ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 1 (SI) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 607 Chart 1Ha ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 4 (IP) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 608 Chart 1Hb ASHRAE psychrometric chart no. 6 (SI) (Reprinted by permission of ASHRAE.) 609 Chart 2 Enthalpy–concentration diagram for ammonia–water solutions (From Unit Operations by G. G. Brown, Copyright © 1951 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) 610 Chart 3 Pressure–enthalpy diagram for refrigerant 134a (Reprinted by permission.) 611 Chart 4 Pressure–enthalpy diagram for refrigerant 22 (Reprinted by permission.) 612 Chart 5 Enthalpy–concentration diagram for Lithium Bromide–water solutions (Courtesy of Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago IL.) 613 Chart 6 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 407C (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 614 Chart 7 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 407A (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 615 Chart 8 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Freon™ 410A (SI Units). Courtesy of Chemours 616 Index 617

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Book SynopsisDesigned in a structured, directed format to help develop understanding, rather than just providing a simple source of information, this popular undergraduate textbook offers comprehensive coverage of industrial and commercial building technology. It builds on material in the first volume in the series Construction Technology 1: House Construction but it is also valuable as a standalone text. The most student-friendly textbook in the area, it uses a wealth of features to reinforce understanding and test knowledge, including case studies and comparative studies. Case studies include photographs and commentary on specific aspects of the technology of framed buildings, while comparative studies allow the reader to make a critical evaluation, comparing and contrasting design details and solutions.This textbook is aimed at undergraduates in Construction Management, Quantity Surveying and Building Surveying, and HNC/D students in the same areas. It is also ideal for associated Built ETable of ContentsPART I: PREPARING TO BUILD 1. Functions and Requirements of Industrial and Commercial Buildings 2. The Building Process 3. Preparing to Build PART II: BUILDING SUBSTRUCTURE 4. Foundations 5. Walls Below Ground and Basement Construction 6. Ground Floors PART III: BUILDING SUPERSTRUCTURE 7. High-rise Buildings 8. Long-span Frames 9. Fire Engineering Design 10. External Walls and Claddings for Multi-storey and Large-span Commercial Buildings 11. Upper Floors and Internal Access 12. Roof Construction 13. Internal Division of Space and Integration of Services PART IV: SUSTAINABLE BUILDING SERVICES 14. Sustainable Building Services.

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Book SynopsisThe author is known for his extremely clear, finely crafted text, and the book offers a wealth of excellent worked examples.This text is designed to be useful, at all levels, to students and practitioners of architecture, construction studies, building services, surveying, and environmental science.Table of ContentsPART I: CORE TOPICS The Environment Energy Use in Buildings Thermal Effects in Buildings Air Control in Buildings Principles of Lighting Artificial Lighting Natural Lighting Aspects of Sound Noise and Sound Insulation Room Acoustics Electricity Supplies Water Supplies Waste Water Green Buildings PART II: RESOURCES SECTION Resource 1: Science Information Resource 2: Principles of Heat Resource 3: Principles of Light and Sound Resource 4: Principles of Electricity Resource 5: Principles of Water Technology Resource 6: References.

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Book SynopsisBuilding Services, Technology and Design provides a concise guide to the installation and design of principal services in domestic and commercial buildings. It covers the level 2 module of The CIOB's Education Framework and is officially sanctioned by the CIOB as the recognised text for that module. The book combines theory, design and application in one volume and is supported throughout with illustrations, design examples, tables and charts.Services covered include: cold and hot water; heating; ventilation; air conditioning; gas; electricity; security; fire control; sanitation; drainage and transport systems.Building Services, Technology and Design is a core text for the CIOB level 2 module, as well as BTEC HNC/D building studies and degree courses in building. It is also an essential reference for all members of the facilities management and construction industry.Table of Contents1. Cold water supply 2. Hot water supply 3. Thermal systems and distribution 4. Ventilation 5. Air conditioning principles 6. Gas supply 7. Electricity supply and distribution 8. Sanitation and drainage 9. Security and fire protection 10. Transportation: lifts, escalators and travelators

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Book SynopsisThis handy book brings together a wealth of useful information that building surveyors need on-site or in the office. It provides clear guidance and fundamental principles in key practice areas such as building pathology, building performance, and building forensics. The book is not overly bound by the regulation and legislation of one region, and the principles can be applied internationally. Compact, portable and easy to use, the Building Surveyor's Pocket Book helps surveyors, anyone studying for their RICS APC and students get access to the basics, fast.Table of Contents1. Introduction: Building Surveying 2. Form and Construction 3. Legal and Regulatory Frameworks 4. Building Pathology 5. Retrofitting and Refurbishment 6. Thermal Performance 7. Fire Safety 8. Disasters and the Built Environment 9. Environmental Considerations 10. Sustainability 11. Glossary and Reference Section

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Book SynopsisConcert Design: The Road, The Craft, The Industry offers an exceptional journey though the world of concert design, exploring not only its unique design attributes but also the industry that has grown around it and how to make a career of the road'.Concert designer Seth Jackson analyzes how the industry has changed over the last three decades from its early days of no rules' and cowboys' to a thriving and growing industry with countless career opportunities. Drawing on 25 years of experience and clients ranging from Carrie Underwood to Don Henley, he explores design techniques, working with Artists and directors, the rigors of concert touring, and navigating a career path through a challenging industry. The book also includes stories from numerous industry luminaries such as Steve Cohen, Jeff Ravitz, Eric Loader, Howard Ungerleider, and Jim Lenahan, along with Jackson's own experiences.Written for aspiring concert lighting designers and stuTrade Review"Jackson has an easy-to-read narrative style of writing that’s like sitting down with him in a big, comfy chair talking about what he’s been doing with himself. The content is made up primarily of lessons big and small that are intelligently relayed, in a language that’s relaxed and familiar. The stories will make you want to keep reading, and before you know it, you’ll be at the end and wanting more."-Richard Cadena, Lighting & Sound America August 2020Table of Contents1. I Want to Do This for the Rest of My Life 2. I’m Sweeping the Shop… with My BFA 3. Wheels on the Highway 4. Designs and Sausages 5. It May Take a Village, but You Are Just One of the Chiefs 6. Allied Forces 7. Where’s the Band? 8. The Call for Artistry

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Book SynopsisBuilding Systems in Interior Design takes an entirely new approach to teaching this essential topic for architects, designers and building engineers. Written to prepare students for the real world and packed with practical examples, the book will foster an understanding of specific issues that are critical to those features of technical systems that most directly affect design. The book stresses the ever-present nature of these systems: they are everywhere, all the time.Taking a design-oriented view, it outlines what can and cannot be done, and provides the student with the know-how and confidence to defend and promote their design intent when working with other industry professionals. Covering lighting, HVAC, plumbing and much more, the book is packed with key features to aid learning including: numerous illustrations, plans and photographs; key terms defined in an extensive glossary; chapter intTable of ContentsPreface Introduction Part 1: What are Building Systems? Part 2: Why do building systems matter? Part 3: Legal Building Systems Part 4: Structural Systems Part 5: Architectural Systems Part 6: Architectural Acoustics Part 7: Mechanical Systems Part 8: Electrical Systems Part 9: Plumbing Systems Part 10: Fire Protection Systems Appendix A Design Tips Appendix B Definitions Appendix C Resources

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Book SynopsisWritten by multidisciplinary experts in medicine, chemistry, and architecture, this book examines chemical sensitivity (CS). In 15 chapters fitted to 15 lectures, it discusses not only the medical explanation, but also the environmental factors of this hypersensitive reaction, such as chemistry and architectural aspects. The book overviews pollution-induced diseases such as Minamata Disease. It also points out the similarity of modern hypersensitivity syndromes to historical pollution diseases from the viewpoints of not only natural scientific aspects, but also social understanding of the disease.Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1 Present Status of Chemical Sensitivity1.1 Background1.1.1 Disease Registration of CS1.1.2 CS Studies in Europe1.1.3 CS Studies in Japan1.1.4 Sick-Building/House Syndrome1.2 Clinical Symptoms1.3 Psychiatric and Social Aspects1.4 Chemical Agents Implicated in CS1.5 Why the Diagnosis of CS Is Difficult1.5.1 Reasons for the Lack of Understanding of CSChapter 2 Effects of Chemical Sensitivity on Patients’ Daily Lives2.1 Effects of Chemical Sensitivity2.2 Countermeasures2.2.1 Making Your Home, Workplace, and School Environment Safe2.2.2 Food and Digestive Issues2.2.3 Caution in Use of Daily Products2.2.4 Avoidance of Environmental Chemicals2.2.5 Effects of Electromagnetic Waves2.2.5.1 ES and International Classification of Disease 10 (ICDChapter 3 Promoting Understanding of Chemical Sensitivity3.1 Medical Insurance in Japan3.2 Understanding of CS at the Judicial Level3.3 Education3.3.1 Specific Education of Medical Doctors3.3.2 Specific Education for Dentists3.3.3 Specific Education for the Healthcare Team3.3.4 Patient Education for a Comfortable Daily Life3.3.5 Education of LaypersonsChapter 4 Medical Facts4.1 Acute Toxicology, Intermediate Syndrome4.2 Chronic Toxicology4.3 Animal Experiments Using Extremely Low Dosages...4.4 Research on the Mechanism of CS4.4.1 Detoxification 4.4.2 Nervous Sensitivity Acquisition Chapter 5 Diagnosis 5.1 Detailed and Careful Interview 5.2 Neuro-Ophthalmological and Neurological Examinations in Conjunction with Ordinary Clinical Examinations in Japan 5.2.1 Tracking Eye Movement Examination 5.2.2 Pupillary Function 5.2.3 Standing Ability 5.2.4 Contrast Sensitivity Examination of Higher Visual Centers 5.2.5 Accommodation Examination of Eyes5.2.6 Cerebral Function Examination5.2.7 Immune Examination5.2.8 Respiratory Function5.2.9 Peripheral Venous Blood Oxygen Concentration5.3 Chemical Load Tests5.3.1 Use of a Clean Room5.3.2 Determination of Causative Chemicals (Challenge Test)Chapter 6 Treatment of Patients with Chemical Sensitivity6.1 Avoidance of Chemical Substances6.1.1 Food6.1.3 Air6.1.3.1 Use of an Air Purifier6.1.4 Clothes. 6.1.5 Medicine6.2 Detoxification6.2.1 Spa, Hot Spring, Bath, Low-Temperature Sauna6.2.2 Drug Treatment6.2.2.1 Conjugation6.2.2.2 Vitamins6.2.2.3 Symptomatic Therapy6.2.2.4 Minerals6.2.2.5 EDTA, Penicillamine, PAM, and Others6.3 Alternative Therapy6.3.1 Prayer and Meditation in Zen Buddhism6.3.2 Eastern Medicine and Alternative Medicine6.4 Nutritional InstructionChapter 7 Chemical Sensitivity in Children7.1 General Symptoms7.1.1 Formaldehyde Concentration and Symptoms7.1.2 TVOC Concentration and Symptoms7.1.3 Red Cell Cholinesterase7.2 Effects of Indoor Chemicals on the Intelligence and Cognitive Function of Children7.2.1 Evaluation of Intelligence7.2.2 WISC-III Test Results and Concentration of Indoor Chemicals7.2.3 Development of Sick-House Syndrome7.3 Case Report of CS in a Young Boy Who Had Been Treated with Sumatriptan Succinate and Selective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsChapter 8 Multiple Chemical Sensitivity—Medical Aspects from Germany 8.1 Chemical Sensitivity8.2 Biochemical Individuality8.3 Randolph’s Specific Adaptation Syndrome in Response to Environmental Stressors8.4 Causes: Fire in the Body and the Brain8.5 Diagnostic Program Recommended for CS Patients8.5.1 Metabolic and Nutritional Status (Organic Acid Profiles), Toxins8.5.2 Toxic Metals8.5.3 Phthalates and Parabens Profile8.5.3.1 Why Assess Phthalate and Paraben Levels?8.5.3.2 Where Are Phthalates and Parabens Found? 8.5.4 Bisphenol A8.5.5 Hidden Food Allergies8.5.5.1 Gluten Sensitivity Can CauseNeurological and Autoimmune Disease......648.5.6 Stool and Digestive Analysis.........................8.5.6.1 Why Use Stool Analysis8.6 Therapy: The DNA Concept8.7 HEPAR-TOX Detoxification8.8 Ecological Architecture and Environmental Medicine8.8.1 New Projects in Wolfhagen—The Historic City in the Land of the Brothers GrimmChapter 9 Emission Rate of Chemical Compounds in Building Products and Materials9.1 Introduction9.2 Categories of Chemical Substances9.3 Building Products and Materials9.4 Emission Tests Using a Chamber9.4.1 Small-Chamber Method9.4.2 Large-Chamber Method9.4.3 Desiccator Method9.4.4 Passive Method9.4.5 Microchamber Method for SVOCs9.5 Labeling9.5.1 Formaldehyde9.5.2 VOCs.9.5.2.1 For VOC Standard. Chapter 10 Ventilation Strategies for Each Kind of Building and Statutory Regulations10.1 History and Background of Indoor Air Pollution Measures in Japan10.1.1 Before the Dawn of Measures against Sick Houses10.1.2 Design Assumption and Strategy of Measuresagainst the Indoor Air Pollution Problem10.2 Statutory Regulations for Indoor Air Quality10.2.1 Technical Standards in the Amended Building Standard Law10.2.2 Regulation Regarding the Use of Building Materials Containing Formaldehyde and Installation of Ventilation 10.2.2.1 Restrictions on Interior Finishing 10.2.2.2 Mandatory Installation of Ventilation 10.2.2.3 Restrictions Concerning Attic and Adjacent Concealed Spaces 10.2.3 Technical Standards in the Housing Quality Assurance Act 10.2.4 Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings 10.2.5 Indoor Air Pollution Following the Amendment of the Building Standard Law in 2003 10.3 Types and Features of Ventilation Systems10.3.1 Types of Ventilation10.3.2 Methods of Selecting a Mechanical Ventilation System10.4 Trends in Technology Development and Energy-Saving Performance10.4.1 Mechanical Ventilation System Utilizing Low- Power Input Motors10.4.2 Demand-Controlled Ventilation10.4.3 Mechanical Ventilation Systems with a Heat Exchanger10.4.4 Hybrid Ventilation System10.5 Important Points for Planning and Operation of Ventilation Systems10.5.1 Planning of the Ventilation Path10.5.2 Notes for Calculating Pressure Drops10.5.3 Notes on Construction10.5.4 Notes Concerning Regular Maintenance10.5.5 Steps for Ventilation Planning10.6 Ventilation Equipment in Large Buildings10.6.1 Ventilation in Designated Buildings10.6.2 Ventilation Systems Except Those Employed in Centrally Controlled HVAC SystemsChapter 11 Ventilation, Air-Tightness, and Air Pollution11.1 Outline of the Measurement Survey11.1.1 Survey Period and Investigated Houses11.1.2 Survey Points and Measurement Method 11.2 Measurement Results 11.2.1 Air-Tightness of Houses 11.2.2 Ventilation Rate of the Ventilation System 11.3 Comparison of Air-Tightness, Ventilation System, and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.3.1 Comparison of Air-Tightness and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.3.2 Comparison of Air Change Rate and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.4 ConclusionsChapter 12 Chemical Features of Indoor Pollutants and Current Regulations12.1 Usage and Sources of Chemical Species Detected in Indoor Environments12.1.1 Artificial Wooden Boards and Adhesives12.1.2 Paint12.1.3 Fungicides, Repellents, Mothballs, Air Fresheners, and Disinfectants12.1.4 Plasticizers and Flame Retardants12.1.5 Smoking and Burning Appliances12.1.6 Secondary Generated Compounds12.1.7 Contaminants in Outdoor Air12.1.8 Unknown Pollutants12.2 Determination of Pollutants from the View of Health Effects12.2.1 Target Health Effects12.2.1.1 Sick-House Syndrom12.2.1.2 Asthma12.2.1.3 Endocrine Disruption12.2.1.4 Cancer12.2.2 Field Survey of Indoor Pollution12.3 Risk Assessment12.3.1 What Is Risk Assessment12.3.2 Hazard Assessment12.3.3 Exposure Assessment12.3.4 Risk Assessment12.4 Enforcement and Effect of Regulations12.4.1 Time Course of Regulations12.4.2 Impact of RegulationsChapter 13 Methods for Measurement of Indoor Pollution13.1 Methods for Measurement of Indoor Concentration13.1.1 Integration Measurement13.1.1.1 Active Method13.1.1.2 Passive Method13.1.1.3 Subject Compounds, CarbonylCompounds, VOCs, TVOCs, SVOCs13.1.2 Instant Measurement13.1.2.1 Subject Compounds, TVOCs,Formaldehyde13.1.2.2 On-Site Method of Measuring SourceIntensity and Ventilation Rate13.1.3 Combined Application of IntegrationMeasurement and Instant Measurement................... 13013.1.3.1 Peak Capture Method................................ 13113.2 Methods of Measuring the Emission Rate of BuildingMaterials................................................................................. 13113.2.1 Desiccator Method.................................................... 13113.2.2 Chamber Method....................................................... 13213.2.3 On-Site Measurement Method.................................. 13313.2.3.1 Field and Laboratory Emission Cell.......... 13313.2.3.2 Passive Emission Colorimetric Sensor...... 13313.2.3.3 Passive Flux Sampler................................. 13413.2.3.4 Advanced Diffusive SamplingEmission Cell............................................. 13513.3 Methods of Measuring Personal Exposure Amount.............. 13513.3.1 Active Sampling–Passive Sampling Method............ 13513.3.1.1 Search for Causative Compoundof Chemical Sensitivity.............................. 13513.3.2 Instant Measurement Method.................................... 13613.3.2.1 TVOCs and HRV....................................... 136Endnotes............................................................................................ 136Chapter 14 The Current Situation and Shift in Approaches to Indoor AirPollution............................................................................................ 139Miyuki Noguchi14.1 Framework of Laws and Regulations..................................... 13914.1.1 Housing Quality Assurance Act................................ 13914.1.2 School Health and Safety Act................................... 13914.1.3 Act on Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings........ 14014.1.4 Revised Building Standards Act............................... 14014.1.5 Indoor Density Guideline Value................................ 141xii Contents14.2 Trends after Determination of Guideline Values................... 14214.2.1 Advantageous Effect of Formaldehyde Labeling...... 14214.2.1.1 Formaldehyde Concentration in NewResidential Housing................................... 14214.2.2 Composition of VOCs............................................... 14314.2.2.1 Significant Reductionof Concentrations of GuidelineSubstances................................................. 14314.2.2.2 High Concentration Substances(TVOCs, Acetaldehyde, AliphaticCompounds, etc.)....................................... 14314.2.3 Widespread Use of Alternative Substances............... 14314.2.3.1 Low Formaldehyde Emission Adhesives.... 14514.2.3.2 Water-Based Paint and Ink........................ 14514.2.3.3 Increased Use of Aliphatic Compounds.... 14514.2.4 Temporal Change of Indoor TVOC Concentration.... 14614.2.5 Trends of Social Recognitions for Indoor AirPollution: New and Remodeled Houses.................... 14614.2.5.1 Completion Checks by the HousingQuality Assurance Act............................... 14614.2.5.2 Widespread Indoor Air Pollutionwith Nonregulated Substances.................. 14614.2.5.3 Recognition That SHS Was Resolved........ 14714.2.6 Change in Social Recognition of Indoor AirPollution: Routine Countermeasures......................... 14714.2.6.1 Air Cleaners............................................... 14814.2.6.2 Oxidative Decomposition.......................... 14814.2.6.3 Secondary Pollutants................................. 14814.3 Required or Recommended Countermeasures....................... 14814.3.1 Regulation of TVOC Concentration.......................... 14814.3.1.1 Enforcement of the Elimination Period..... 14914.3.1.2 Information Sharing Amongthe Relevant Parties................................... 14914.3.2 Collecting Information from Medical Doctors......... 14914.3.2.1 Selection Method for New GuidelineSubstances................................................. 14914.4 Formulation of Counseling or Inquiry Systemsfor Patients and New Occupants............................................. 150Chapter 15 Investigation of Indoor Environments and Occupants’ Healthin Sick Houses................................................................................... 151Hiroshi Yoshino, Sachiko Hojo, and Rie Takaki15.1 Field Survey on Indoor Air Quality, BuildingPerformance, and Occupants’ Health of 62 Sick Houses....... 15115.1.1 Description of the Investigation................................ 151Contents xiii15.1.1.1 Investigated Houses................................... 15115.1.1.2 Investigation of Building Performanceand the Indoor Environment...................... 15215.1.1.3 Survey Questionnaire about HealthConditions.................................................. 15315.1.2 Results....................................................................... 15315.1.2.1 Results of Chemical SubstanceConcentration Measurements.................... 15315.1.2.2 Relationship between FormaldehydeConcentration and Air-TightnessMeasurement.............................................. 15315.1.2.3 Relationship between FormaldehydeConcentration and Air Change Rate.......... 15515.1.2.4 Sick-House Syndrome Basedon the QEESI® Questionnaire15.1.3 Chemical Substance Concentration and Occupants’ Symptoms15.1.3.1 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and SHS15.1.3.2 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and Severity of Symptoms15.1.4 Conclusion15.2 Long-Term Observations Mainly for 30 Houses15.2.1 Investigated Houses15.2.2 Results of the Investigation15.2.2.1 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and Building Age 15.2.2.2 Yearly Changes of Occupants’ Symptoms 15.2.3 Change of Symptoms and Chemical Substance Concentrations 15.2.3.1 Change of Symptoms in Response to Countermeasures against Mitigation of SHS 15.2.3.2 Decrease of Chemical Substance Concentration in Response to Countermeasures against Sick Houses 15.2.4 Conclusions Chapter 16 Round Table Discussion 16.1 The Current Situation of Indoor Air Pollution 16.2 Medical Correlations in Japan 16.3 Government Actions 16.4 Patients’ Compensation 16.5 Damp Buildings 16.6 Trade-Offs

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Book SynopsisA new edition of a basic, readable and problem-focused guide to common plumbing difficulties.Table of Contents ·: The Plumbing System ·: Repairs and Emergencies ·: Small plumbing works ·: The Larger project ·: Maintenance and Contingency work ·: Appendices ·: Further Advice

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Book SynopsisThis book proposes the development of solar water heating applications. The theme is topical since it is linked not only to its economic advantages, but above all to considerations relating to environmental protection. Indeed, the operation of water heating systems, industrial or domestic, by this solar energy, is characterised by the absence of polluting discharges (fumes containing CO2 and Nox), radioactive dangers and bulky waste (nuclear centre). Overall, this book deals with the description of solar energy sources (thermal and photovoltaic), the structures of innovative water heating systems by these energy sources, the thermal and electrical modelling of water heating and the estimation of the yields of the different proposed systems. The proposed knowledge makes it possible to discover the field of renewable energy and to have knowledge of the applications of innovative solar heating systems currently marketed or under development in research laboratories. Also, it allows young researchers, doctoral students, academics and engineers to innovate in the field of solar energy and to develop efficient and hybrid solar water heating systems (thermal and photovoltaic energies). The experimental results, numerical simulations and economic studies proposed will be used by design offices to size and propose the appropriate installations for industrial and domestic applications.Table of ContentsPreface; Water Heating with a Multi-Stage Hybrid Solar System MSDH; Adoption Potential, Thermal Engineering and Economic Viability of Solar Water Heating Systems; Daily Comparison Energy and Exergy and Energy Analysis and Thermal Energy Storage Performance of Solar Collectors; Steam Generation for Process Applications Using Solar Water Heating Enabled by Nanofluids; Influence of Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Material (NEPCM) on the Performance of Solar Water Heater; Thermal Model and Simulations of Solar Water Heating; Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Modified Solar Water Heater Integrated With Parabolic Trough Concentrator; Hydrogen Production and Space Heating Using Water Heated by Solar Radiation; Photovoltaic Solar Water Heating System; Potential Techniques for Thermal Performance Enhancement for Solar Water Heaters; Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Through Solar Water Heating System; Influence of Various Nanofluids on the Performance of Solar Water Heaters; Index.

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Book SynopsisVentilation can make or break the outcome of a fire. Ensuring its success requires a knowledge of how it works and what precautions must be taken.Coordinating Ventilation: Supporting Extinguishment and Survivability examines ventilation and its relationship to fire behavior to identify how it affects the fire, operations, and—most importantly—victim survivability. Ventilation can be universally applied, from the smallest rural community to the largest metropolitan city.Table of Contents Training and implications Fire behavior Ventilation defined Objectives and methods Size-up and decision-making Operational principles Operational practices Mission-oriented operations

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Book Synopsis

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