Dyestuffs, pigments and paint technology Books

Book Synopsis'Natural', 'no waste' and 'plastic-free'. If this is how you want to live your creative life, you will find a greener, more natural path with this book. Found and Ground details a more sustainable and fulfilling approach to painting. Readers will learn to create professional-quality paints using colour from the earth itself: the rocks, clay and soil in their locale. The palette created will be unique to the individual's local area, their eye and their tastes. Foraging for pigments and creating paints from scratch is both life-affirming and fascinating, and this book teaches new skills while also introducing the reader to the land outside their door. Starting with a foreword by award-winning author and environmentalist Paul Kingsnorth, this book covers every aspect of making natural paints, from finding the raw materials to the techniques needed to refine it into a pigment. Suitable for the complete beginner as well as those with some experience in art, Found and Ground will also appeal to those with experience in drawing and painting, but who until now have only used shop-bought materials to make their work. Found and Ground is the ideal reference book for artists and crafters wishing to move away from plastics (such as those found in acrylic paints), and use natural paints in their place. The book covers how to make a series of simple natural paints such as watercolour, gouache, tempera, and glair. It also includes innovative vegan 'egg paint' alternatives. Aimed at a general readership, all specialist art terminology is clearly and simply explained, and all the techniques demonstrated through step-by-step instructions. The book will also give fresh ideas to those stuck in a rut with their use of watercolours, and introduce readers to try new 'old ideas'. Most importantly, it will teach readers how to forage and gather successfully and safely.Trade ReviewPublisher's Weekly This pleasant debut from artist Ross shows how to make paint pigments from chalk, clay, rocks, and other found materials. Providing tips on how to forage colorful materials in a variety of locales, she notes that readers might look for greenish shale in fields, pink clay at beaches, and orange discarded bricks in urban areas. Instructions outline how to turn the materials into pigments. For stones, Ross advises hammering them into tiny pieces, grinding the bits with a mortar and pestle, filtering the results through a sieve, then adding them to a jar with water, letting the mixture settle, and pouring out the standing water, which leaves behind only the finest sediments at the bottom of the jar. Transforming the pigment into watercolor paint requires more water and a medium to produce a more gel-like texture, which can be made with foraged solidified gum from cherry, acacia, or other "non-coniferous" trees. Ross details how different mediums create different looks, observing that substituting egg whites for gum results in a glossier finish. The finicky procedure might take some trial and error to master, but the comprehensive directions ensure readers are well prepared. The result is an enjoyable take on how artists can get in touch with the natural world.Table of ContentsForeword 6 Introduction 8 Foraging 16 Foraging principles 18 Where to go foraging 22 Making use of your finds 58 Refining 59 Creating your first paint 76 Creating artists' quality paint 80 Creating your watercolour palette 84 Creating your own watercolour medium 86 Colour your world 90 Exploring your paints 91 Local colour 96 Beyond watercolour 106 Gouache 106 Egg tempera 108 Glair 110 Veglair 112 Beyond paint 114 Simple ink 116 Refined studio ink 118 Going further 124 Glossary 126 Index 128

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Book SynopsisThis is one of the primary student supplements to MILADY STANDARD COSMETOLOGY 2016. The Exam Review contains chapter-by-chapter questions in multiple-choice formats to help students prepare for their state board exams. The answer key at the back of the book allows students to check accuracy and identify weak areas.

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Book SynopsisTake a colourful journey through the seasons with this essential guide to sustainable, botanical dyeing from noted expert Aurélia Wolff.

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Book SynopsisIn this book, industrial engineers and others will find a much needed introduction and reference on the science of coating.Table of ContentsChoosing the Coating Method (E. Cohen). Fluid Handling and Preparation (P. Schweizer). Roll Coating (D. Coyle). Premetered Coating (E. Gutoff). Air Knife Coating (N. Steinberg). Drive Systems for Off-Machine Coaters (G. Kheboian). Thin Film Drying (E. Cohen). Nomenclature. Contributors. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis fully-updated ninth edition has been designed for use as a textbook for cosmetic chemistry at universities and for professional use within cosmetic and personal care product companies. The first volume in the three-volume set discusses marketing, regulatory requirements, intellectual property, achieving global market success and substrates.

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Book SynopsisThis fully-updated ninth edition has been designed for use as a textbook for cosmetic chemistry at universities and for professional use within cosmetic and personal care product companies of all sizes. The second volume in the three-volume set discusses ingredients and anti-aging.

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Book SynopsisThis fully-updated ninth edition has been designed for use as a textbook for cosmetic chemistry courses and for professional use within cosmetic and personal care product companies. Includes discussion of formulating, sensory characterization, delivery systems, nutracosmetics, nanocosmetics, testing, sustainability and cosmetic manufacturing.

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Book SynopsisThis Focus Book contains selected chapters from Harry's Cosmeticology, Ninth Edition, Part 12: Sustainability and Eco-Responsibility. It is an invaluable reference guide for anyone interested in this particular subject area.

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Book SynopsisThis Focus Book contains selected chapters from Harry's Cosmeticology, Ninth Edition: Manufacturing: Process Techniques for the Cosmetic Industry. It is an invaluable reference guide for anyone interested in this particular subject area.

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Book SynopsisAn authoritative reference that contains the most up-to-date information knowledge, approaches, and applications of lipid crystals Crystallization of Lipids is a comprehensive resource that offers the most current and emerging knowledge, techniques and applications of lipid crystals. With contributions from noted experts in the field, the text covers the basic research of polymorphic structures, molecular interactions, nucleation and crystal growth and crystal network formation of lipid crystals which comprise main functional materials employed in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The authors highlight trans-fat alternative and saturated-fat reduction technology to lipid crystallization. These two issues are the most significant challenges in the edible-application technology of lipids, and a key solution is lipid crystallization. The text focuses on the crystallization processes of lipids under various external influences of thermal flucTable of ContentsPreface xiii List of Contributors xv 1 Introduction: Relationships of Structures, Properties, and Functionality 1 Kiyotaka Sato 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Lipid Species 1 1.2.1 Hydrocarbons 1 1.2.2 Fatty Acids 2 1.2.3 Alcohols and Waxes 4 1.2.4 Acylglycerols 4 1.3 Physical States and the Functionality of Lipid Products 5 1.4 Formation Processes of Lipid Crystals 7 1.5 Polymorphism 9 1.6 Aging and Deterioration 11 1.7 Trans‐Fat Alternative and Saturated‐Fat Reduction Technology 13 References 15 2 Polymorphism of Lipid Crystals 17 Kiyotaka Sato 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Thermal Behavior of Polymorphic Transformations 17 2.3 Molecular Properties 20 2.3.1 Subcell and Chain‐Length Structures 20 2.3.2 Conformation of Hydrocarbon Chains 24 2.3.3 Glycerol Conformations 25 2.3.4 Polytypism 26 2.4 Fatty Acids 27 2.4.1 Saturated Fatty Acids 27 2.4.2 Unsaturated Fatty Acids 32 2.5 Monoacylglycerols and Diacylglycerols 37 2.5.1 Crystal/Molecular Structures 37 2.5.2 Polymorphic Behavior 39 2.6 Triacylglycerols (TAGs) 41 2.6.1 Crystal/Molecular Structures 42 2.6.2 Polymorphic Behavior 46 2.7 Conclusions 54 References 54 3 Molecular Interactions and Mixing Phase Behavior of Lipid Crystals 61 Eckhard Floeter, Michaela Haeupler, and Kiyotaka Sato 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Thermodynamic Considerations 63 3.2.1 Framework for Engineering Calculations 63 3.2.2 Phase Behavior of Co‐Crystallizing Components 66 3.2.3 Governing Principles for Phase Boundaries 70 3.3 Effects of Molecular Structures on the Phase Behavior 70 3.3.1 Aliphatic Chain‐Chain Interactions: n‐Alkanes 71 3.3.2 Mixtures of Fatty Acids 72 3.3.3 Mixtures of Partial Glyceride Fatty‐Acid Esters 81 3.3.4 Mixtures of TAGs 82 3.4 Mixing Behavior of TAGs in Natural and Interesterified Fats 92 3.4.1 Cocoa Butter 93 3.4.2 Palm Oil 94 3.4.3 Coconut Oil 95 3.4.4 Milk Fat 95 3.4.5 Interesterified Fats 96 3.5 Crystallization Properties 97 3.6 Conclusions 98 References 100 4 Fundamental Aspects of Crystallization of Lipids 105 Hironori Hondoh, Satoru Ueno, and Kiyotaka Sato 4.1 Introduction 105 4.2 Physical and Structural Properties of Lipid Liquids 105 4.2.1 Preheating Effects 106 4.2.2 Liquid Phases of Triacylglycerols 109 4.3 Driving Forces for Crystallization 112 4.4 Nucleation 114 4.4.1 Homogeneous versus Heterogeneous 114 4.4.2 Polymorph‐Dependent Nucleation Kinetics 118 4.4.3 Secondary Nucleation 121 4.4.4 Crystal Seeding 122 4.5 Kinetics of Crystal Growth 125 4.5.1 Mechanism of Crystal Growth 125 4.5.2 Crystal Growth Rate 127 4.5.3 Polymorph‐Dependent Growth Rate 129 4.5.4 Spherulite 130 4.5.5 Epitaxial Growth 132 4.5.6 Morphology of Crystals 133 4.6 Conclusions 135 Acknowledgment 136 References 136 5 Supramolecular Assembly of Fat Crystal Networks from the Nanoscale to the Mesoscale 143 Fernanda Peyronel, Nuria C. Acevedo, David A. Pink, and Alejandro G. Marangoni 5.1 Introduction 143 5.2 Cryo‐TEM 144 5.2.1 Challenges Associated with the Microscopic Observation of Fat Microstructure 144 5.2.2 Sample Preparation for Cryo‐TEM 145 5.2.3 Nanoscale Structure Characterization 146 5.2.4 Effects of External Fields on Fat Nanostructure 148 5.3 Physical Interactions, Models, and Mathematical Methods 154 5.3.1 Models in General 155 5.3.2 Coarse‐Grained Interactions: Nano‐ to Mesoscale 156 5.3.3 Models Using Spheres 157 5.3.4 Introduction to Modeling the Statics and Dynamics of Aggregates 157 5.3.5 Static Structure Functions 158 5.3.6 Application 1: CNP Aggregation. Tristearin Solids in Triolein Oil 158 5.3.7 Application 2: Complex Oils. Tristearin Solids in Complex Oils 161 5.3.8 Application 3: Nanoscale Phase Separation in Edible Oils 162 5.4 Ultra Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering (USAXS) 164 5.4.1 Principles of X‐Ray Scattering 164 5.4.2 USAXS Instrumentation at the APS 167 5.4.3 Sample Preparation 168 5.4.4 Unified Fit and Guinier‐Porod Models 168 5.4.5 Experimental Results 170 5.5 Concluding Remarks 174 Acknowledgments 175 References 175 6 Effects of Dynamic Temperature Variations on Microstructure and Polymorphic Behavior of Lipid Systems 183 Laura Bayés‐García, Teresa Calvet, and Miquel À. Cuevas‐Diarte 6.1 Introduction 183 6.2 Influence on the Polymorphic Behavior in Bulk State 183 6.2.1 Single Tag Components 183 6.2.2 Binary Mixtures of TAGs 189 6.3 Colloidal Dispersion States 193 6.3.1 Emulsions 193 6.3.2 Organogels 196 6.4 Role of Thermal Treatments on End Food Products Properties 198 6.4.1 Milk Fats 198 6.4.2 Other Dairy Products 199 6.4.3 Cocoa Butter 200 6.4.4 Vegetable Fats 204 6.5 Conclusions 206 References 207 7 Lipid Crystal Networks Structured under Shear Flow 211 Farnaz Maleky and Gianfranco Mazzanti 7.1 Introduction 211 7.2 Overview of the Formation of Fat Crystals 212 7.3 Temperature Gradients and Optimal Supercooling 213 7.4 Basic Concepts on Shear Flow 214 7.5 Fat Crystallization under Shear 216 7.5.1 Shear Affects Polymorphic Transformations 216 7.5.2 Crystalline Orientation Induced by Shear Flow 219 7.5.3 Shear Affects Fat Structural Properties at the Micro‐ and Nano‐Length Scales 224 7.5.4 Physicochemical Properties of Sheared Fat Matrices 227 7.5.5 Effects of Shear Flow on Mass Transfer Dynamics of Crystallizing and Crystallized Materials 231 7.6 Concluding Remarks 233 References 234 8 Tailoring Lipid Crystal Networks with High‐Intensity Ultrasound 241 Yubin Ye, Peter R. Birkin, and Silvana Martini 8.1 Introduction 241 8.2 Fundamentals of Sonication 242 8.2.1 Acoustic Driving Force 242 8.2.2 Acoustic Cell Characteristics 243 8.2.3 Cavitation 244 8.2.4 Experimental Conditions 245 8.3 Tailoring Lipid Crystal Networks 246 8.3.1 Crystallization Kinetics 246 8.3.2 Inferential Mechanism 249 8.3.3 Postsonication Changes 250 8.4 Practical Considerations 255 8.4.1 Oxidation 255 8.4.2 Scale Up 257 8.4.3 Combination with Other Processing Methods 258 8.5 Conclusions and Future Research 258 References 259 9 Effects of Foreign and Indigenous Minor Components 263 Kevin W. Smith and Kiyotaka Sato 9.1 Introduction 263 9.2 Basic Understanding 264 9.3 Effects of Foreign Components 265 9.3.1 Emulsifiers 265 9.3.2 Indigenous Minor Components 276 9.4 Other Additives 276 9.5 Conclusions 278 References 279 10 Crystallization Properties of Milk Fats 283 Christelle Lopez 10.1 Introduction 283 10.2 Milk Fat: A Wide Diversity of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerols (TAGs) 284 10.3 Crystallization Properties of Bovine Anhydrous Milk Fat (AMF) 285 10.3.1 Thermal Properties 285 10.3.2 Effect of Cooling Rate on AMF Crystals 286 10.3.3 Effect of Shear on AMF Crystals 295 10.3.4 Effect of Minor Lipid Compounds 295 10.4 Crystallization of TAGs in Bovine Milk Fat Globules and Emulsion Droplets 296 10.4.1 Effect of Cooling Rate and Tempering 298 10.4.2 Effect of the Size of Milk Fat Globules and Lipid Droplets 304 10.5 Crystallization Properties of Milk Fat in Dairy Products 306 10.6 Tag Compositions Affecting Crystallization Properties of Milk Fat 308 10.6.1 Technological Process: Dry Fractionation 308 10.6.2 Dietary Manipulations 312 10.6.3 Milk Fat from Various Mammal Species 315 10.7 Liquid Tag Phase 316 10.8 Conclusions 317 References 318 11 Crystallization Behavior of Sunflower Oil–Based Fats for Edible Applications 323 Maria L. Herrera and Silvana Martini 11.1 Introduction 323 11.2 High Stearic High Oleic Sunflower Oil 324 11.2.1 Fractionation of HSHO‐SFO 324 11.2.2 Crystallization Behavior 326 11.2.3 Polymorphic Behavior 329 11.3 Blends of Sunflower Oil and Milk Fat 337 11.3.1 Chemical Composition 340 11.3.2 Physical Properties 340 11.3.3 Addition of Palmitic Sucrose Ester 344 11.4 HSHO‐Based CBE 347 11.5 Conclusions 348 References 348 12 Physical Properties of Organogels Developed with Selected Low‐Molecular‐Weight Gelators 353 Jorge F. Toro‐Vazquez, Flor Alvarez‐Mitre, and Miriam Charó‐Alonso 12.1 Introduction 353 12.2 Basic Aspects of LMOGs: From Molecular Architecture to Functional Assemblies 355 12.3 Why Developing Organogels with Vegetable Oils? 356 12.3.1 Vegetable Oils as Solvent in the Development of Organogels with LMOGs 357 12.3.2 Relationship between Molecular Structure of LMOGs and Physical Properties of Organogels 367 12.4 Organogels of Candelilla Wax 373 12.4.1 Rheological Properties of Candelilla Wax Organogels Developed Applying Shear Rate 373 12.4.2 Applications of Candelilla Wax Organogels 377 12.5 Conclusions 377 References 379 13 Formation and Properties of Biopolymer‐Based Oleogels 385 Ashok R. Patel 13.1 Introduction 385 13.2 Formation of Polymer‐Based Oleogels 386 13.2.1 Polymer Oleogelation through Direct Methods 387 13.2.2 Polymer Oleogelation through Indirect Methods 389 13.3 Properties of Polymer‐Based Oleogels 393 13.3.1 Mechanical Properties 393 13.3.2 Temperature Sensitivity 394 13.3.3 Stability in Presence of Water 397 13.4 Potential Applications of Polymer‐Based Oleogels 397 13.4.1 Replacement of Beef Fat in Frankfurters 397 13.4.2 Heat‐Resistant Chocolates 397 13.4.3 Polymer Oleogels as Alternative to Full‐Fat Shortenings 397 13.4.4 Bakery Applications of Ethyl Cellulose Oleogels 398 13.5 Conclusions: Opportunities and Challenges 398 Acknowledgments 401 References 402 14 Lipid Crystallization in Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions 405 Nicole L. Green and Dérick Rousseau 14.1 Introduction 405 14.2 Basics of Emulsion Properties 406 14.3 Emulsifier Effects on W/O Emulsions 408 14.3.1 Mono‐ and Diacylglycerols (E471) 409 14.3.2 Sucrose Fatty‐Acid Esters (E473) 411 14.3.3 Lecithins (E322) 412 14.3.4 Sorbitan Esters and Polyesters (E491‐E496) 413 14.3.5 Polyglycerol Esters (E475 – E476) 415 14.4 Stabilization Modes of W/O Emulsions 415 14.4.1 Pickering Stabilization 416 14.4.2 Network Stabilization 420 14.4.3 Combined Pickering and Network Stabilization 421 14.5 Conclusions 423 References 424 15 Crystallization of Lipids in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion States 431 John N. Coupland 15.1 The Basic Concepts 431 15.2 Surface Nucleation 432 15.3 Polymorphic Transitions in Droplets 436 15.4 Morphology of Crystalline Droplets 437 15.5 Colloidal Stability of Crystalline Droplets 439 15.6 Conclusions 442 References 443 16 Lipid Crystals and Microstructures in Animal Meat Tissues 447 Michiyo Motoyama, Genya Watanabe, and Keisuke Sasaki 16.1 Introduction 447 16.2 Depot Fat and Crystalline State 448 16.2.1 Adipose Tissue 448 16.2.2 Triacylglycerol (TAG) Compositions of Animal Fats 449 16.3 Fat Crystals and Quality of Porcine Adipose Tissue 450 16.3.1 Polymorphism of Extracted Porcine Fat Crystals 450 16.3.2 Fat Crystals and Macroscopic Meat Quality 454 16.3.3 Application to Actual Meat and Meat Products 455 16.4 Crystal Microstructures in Adipose Tissues 460 16.5 Concluding Remarks 462 Acknowledgments 462 References 462 17 Conventional and New Techniques to Monitor Lipid Crystallization 465 Annelien Rigolle, Koen Van Den Abeele, and Imogen Foubert 17.1 Introduction: What Would Be a Perfect Technique? 465 17.2 Conventional Techniques (and Advances Made) 466 17.2.1 Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 466 17.2.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 469 17.2.3 X‐Ray Diffraction 472 17.2.4 Rheology 474 17.2.5 Microscopy 476 17.3 “New” Techniques with Potential for Online Monitoring 478 17.3.1 Ultrasonic Techniques 478 17.3.2 Laser Backscattering 484 17.3.3 Near‐Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy 485 17.4 Conclusions 485 Acknowledgments 486 References 487 Index 493

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Book SynopsisThis book is a practical guide to sensory evaluation methods and techniques in the food, cosmetic and household product industries. It explains the suitability of different testing methods for different situations and offers step-by-step instructions on how to perform the various types of tests. Covering a broad range of food and non-food product applications, the book is designed to be used as a practical reference in the testing environment; a training manual for new recruits into sensory science, and a course book for students undertaking industrial training or academic study.Trade Review"Guides industry or academic practitioners through the stages of testing a consumer's sensory experience of a commercial product." (Book News, December 2009)Table of ContentsPreface vii Author biographies ix Acknowledgements xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is sensory evaluation? 1 1.2 What is the role of sensory evaluation? 2 1.3 What drives successful sensory testing? 3 2 Sensory perception 4 2.1 The human senses 4 2.2 Factors affecting sensory measurements 6 3 Planning your sensory project 11 3.1 Setting objectives 11 3.2 Product type 11 3.3 Budget 12 3.4 Timings 12 3.5 Selecting the test method 12 3.6 Setting action standards 13 3.7 Experimental design 14 3.8 Data analysis 19 4 Requirements for sensory testing 30 4.1 Professional conduct in sensory testing: health, safety, ethical and legal considerations 30 4.2 Good working and laboratory practices 37 4.3 Resources needed for sensory testing 41 4.4 Samples 49 4.5 Assessors 54 4.6 Data capture 63 5 Sensory test methods 66 5.1 Selecting the test 66 5.2 Discrimination tests 66 5.3 Descriptive analysis tests 96 5.4 Affective/consumer tests 118 5.5 Linking consumer, sensory and product data 136 6 Completing the project 138 6.1 Reporting 138 6.2 Documentation and data storage 140 6.3 Dos and don’ts 141 7 Appendices 142 Appendix 1: Examples of Latin Square and Williams Latin Square designs for selected number of samples 142 Appendix 2: IFST PFSG professional code of conduct for sensory professionals 143 Appendix 3: Critical values table for triangle test 147 Appendix 4: Critical values table for duo-trio test and paired comparison test for difference (one tailed) 149 Appendix 5: ANOVA explained 151 Appendix 6: Critical values table for chi-squared 156 Appendix 7: Critical values table for paired comparison and paired difference test (two tailed) 157 Appendix 8: Critical values table for Friedman test 159 Appendix 9: Types of scales 160 Appendix 10: Case study: modified quantitative descriptive analysis of chocolate texture 163 Appendix 11: R index explained 174 8 Glossary 178 9 References 185 Index 189

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Book SynopsisCreate a rainbow of vibrant natural yarn dyes using 25 sustainable, tried-and-tested recipes.Achieve rich, lightfast colors from plants, lichen and fungi without compromising safety or the environment.If you''ve ever dreamed of creating vibrant, natural and completely unique yarn shades for yourknitting, crochet or weaving projects, then look no further.Natural dyeing is a wonderful blend of color, chemistry, craft and nature. Here, expert authors Anna Bauer and Eva Zethraeus share with you 25 easy-to-follow recipes for a rich palette of yarn dyes, from the juicy reds of beetroot and vibrant yellows of onion to the shimmering pinks, purples and blues of red cabbage.Whether you''re a beginner looking for a comprehensive guide to dyeing yarn, or an experienced dyer looking for new recipes and inspiration, this book will equip you with everything you need to get dyeing, along with invaluable tips and insights. Inside you?ll find: 25 dye recipes from readily available plants, fungi and lichen, which produce a stunning palette of shades. Clear instructions: each tried-and-tested recipe is detailed and easy to follow and takes you from start to finish, from making your dyebath to using mordants for fixing color. A sustainable approach: learn how to maximize the potential of your dye materials, plus practical advice on aftercare to ensure that your yarns remain as beautiful and vivid as the day they were dyed. A comprehensive introduction for first-time dyers: equip yourself with the right tools and techniques for successful dyeing, including collecting plant materials, fixing your colors and essential safety tips. Guidance for further reading: packed with a glossary and references for further reading, this is your all-in-one resource for mastering the art of botanical dyeing. Bonus content online: 2 knitting patterns designed by the authors, and applying the practices illustrated in this book, will be available on the Bookmarked Hub: www.bookmarkedhub.com This book is an invitation to create unique, sustainable, vibrant yarn dyes that honour the environment and showcase your creativity.

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Book SynopsisCosmetics manufacture is a dynamic and vibrant industry with companies varying from the very small scale, working in their own home, to much larger enterprises. With such variable companies there is the risk of equally variable quality in manufacturing. The International Organization for Standards (ISO) provides guidelines on good manufacturing processes for the cosmetics industry. However, not everyone working in cosmetics has a scientific or engineering backgrounds and understanding and meeting the ISO requirements can be daunting. Whether you are a small business just starting out or an established company looking to expand, Making Quality Cosmetics will guide you through the requirements of the ISO standard. Calling on more than 35 years of experience in the cosmetics sector the author covers every aspect of the manufacturing set up and process, as well as discussing other regulations that may need to be considered, especially in larger facilities. With technical advice ranging from choosing equipment and raw materials, to assessing and auditing contractors this book will help you make sure your products are of the highest quality.Table of ContentsIntroduction;Personnel;Premises;Equipment;Raw Materials and Packaging Components;Manufacturing and Packaging Operations;Finished Products;Quality Control and Quality Assurance;Waste;Sub-contracting;Non-conformances, Deviations and Corrective and Preventative Actions [CAPA];Complaints, Recalls and Adverse Reactions;Change Control;Audits; Documentation;Health and Safety and Environment;Other Legislation;Afterword and the 10 Golden Rules of GMP

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the application of nanotechnology to cosmetics. Edited by three respected experts in the field, the book begins with a general overview of the science behind cosmetics and skin care today, and of the status quo of nanotechnology in cosmetics. Subsequent chapters provide detailed information on the different nanoparticles currently used in cosmetics; the production and characterization of nanoparticles and nanocosmetics; and regulatory, safety and commercialization aspects. Given its scope, the book offers an indispensable guide for scientists in academia and industry, technicians and students, as well as a useful resource for decision-makers in the field and consumer organizations.Chapter 6 of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence at link.springer.com.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Nanocosmetics: Science Behind Cosmetics and Skin Care,- Nanotechnology in Cosmetics. Nanoparticles in cosmetics: Inorganic nanoparticles in cosmetics: Micelles and Nanoemulsions.- Polymeric nanoparticles.- Phospholipids in Cosmetic Carriers.- SmartLipids – the third generation of solid submicron lipid particles for dermal delivery of actives.- Nanocrystals for dermal application. Characterization and Production of Nanoparticles and Nanocosmetics: Characterization of nanoparticles for cosmetic applications.- Characterization of Nanoparticles in Dermal Formulations.- Characterization of penetration of particles after dermal application.- Characterisation of Nanomaterials with Focus on Metrology, Nano Reference Materials and Standardisation.- Production of nanocosmetics. Governance and Potentials of Nanocosmetics: Safety and Toxicity counts of Nanocosmetics.- Regulation of nanomaterials in cosmetic products on the EU market.- Why Nanotechnology in Dermal Products? – Advantages, Challenges and Market Aspects.

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Book SynopsisTextile and fibre chemistry form the theoretical basis to understand production and properties of textile based products. In this 2nd edition fundamentals of textile chemistry and theoretical and applicatory aspects of colour chemistry are interconnected to draw detailed picture of chemical reactions occurring during production and modification of textile products. An overview about chemical modification, finishing operations is given to explain how to impart special functionalities into functional products. Examples for technical scale processes and representative machinery used therein give insight into the technical reality of a dyehouse. A new chapter about circularity of textiles highlights the interlinkage between product design, including dyes and finishes, and the requirements to develop future fibre-to-fibre recycling. The work covers all relevant aspects of a textile product from fibre production, coloration, finishing, consumer use and fibre-to-fibre recycling. The content of the book allows a first entry into this multi-disciplinary field. Through its comprehensive character the authors explain the interdependence between textile and fibre processing and aspects of recycling, which makes the work a valuable source of information to design future textiles for circularity.

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