Electric motors Books

Book SynopsisThe author's earlier book Electric Motors (Workshop Practice Series No. 16) described the basic principles of operation and methods of application of the wide range of motor types likely to be encountered in small scale engineering. This book provides additional information about popular workshop applications for motors. Detailed advice is given on how to identify and make good use of discarded and surplus motors from both domestic and industrial sources and also how to operate three phase motors from single phase supplies. Examples are given of actual workshop applications and conversions, and on battery supplies for the use of motors in mobile projects.Table of ContentsSingle-Phase Induction Motors. Three-Phase Induction Motors. Commutator Motors. Overhaul and Reconditioning. Speed Control. Mobile Power. Battery Power Supplies. Associated Components and Test Gear. Typical Workshop Applications. Appendices: Converting Three-Terminal Three-Phase Motors. Motor Power Rating. Demagnetisation and Remagnetisation. Motor Terminology. Component Suppliers.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCovers various aspects of getting electricity from the source to user via the power grid. This book includes renewable and distributed energy developments, international regulatory compliance issues with coverage of IEC standards, and key conversions to US based standards and terminologies.Trade Review"Surely the most comprehensive tome ever published on the subject. Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering should be weighing down the bookshelves of all engineers, manufacturers and contractors involved with transmission and distribution networks." --Electrical Review "Colin Bayliss should be applauded for producing... a book that presents a comprehensive range of subjects that would give the young engineer a good base knowledge of transmission and distribution electrical engineering and to help him or her to be a useful member of a project team." --Power Engineering Journal "The challenges today for those undertaking transmission and distribution system new build projects, existing system extensions, or refurbishment and life extension of older equipment, are as great as ever … Leading, as I do, the transmission and distribution business of international and well recognised engineering consultancy Mott MacDonald, I see this book as being useful to clients and contractors as well as others such as industry regulators, environmentalists, and government officials. This book enables those in the field of transmission and distribution electrical engineering to have a well founded understanding of the key principles, the methodologies and current best practice." --Peter Black, Director, Mott MacDonald LimitedTable of Contents1: System Studies 2: Drawings and Diagrams 3: Substation Layouts 4: Substation Auxiliary Power Supplies 5: Current and Voltage Transformers 6: Insulators 7: Substation Building Services 8: Earthing and Bonding 9: Insulation Co-ordination 10: Relay Protection 11: Fuses and Miniature Circuit Breakers 12: Cables 13: Switchgear 14: Power Transformers 15: Substation and Overhead Line Foundations 16: Overhead Line Routing 17: Structures, Towers and Poles 18: Overhead Line Conductor and Technical Specifications 19: Testing and Commissioning 20: Electromagnetic Compatibility 21: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 22: Project Management 23: Distribution Planning 24: Power Quality- Harmonics in Power Systems 25: Power Quality - Voltage Fluctuations 26: High Voltage Direct Current Transmission 27: Smart Grids 28: Fundamentals

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to Power Quality 2. Harmonic Models of Transformers 3. Modeling and Analysis of Induction Machines 4. Modeling and Analysis of Synchronous Machines 5. Performance of Power-Electronic Drives with Respect to Speed and Torque 6. Interaction of Harmonics with Capacitors 7. Lifetime Reduction of Transformers and Induction Machines 8. Power System Modeling under Nonsinusoidal Operating Conditions 9. Impact of Poor Power Quality on Reliability, Relaying and Security 10. The Roles of Filters in Power Systems and Unified Power Quality Conditioners 11. Optimal Placement and Sizing of Shunt Capacitor Banks in the Presence of Harmonics 12. Power Quality Solutions for Renewable Energy Systems

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction of integrated multi-energy systems 2. Modeling of integrated multi-energy systems 3. Uncertainty modelling of wind power for stochastic and robust optimization 4. Optimal operation of multi-energy building complex 5. MPC based real-time dispatch of multi-energy building complex 6. Adaptive robust two-stage optimal operation of integrated electricity and heat system 7. Decentralized robust optimal operation of multiple integrated electricity and heat systems 8. Chance constrained energy and reserve scheduling for integrated electricity and heating systems considering wind spatio-temporal correlations 9. Day-ahead stochastic optimal operation of integrated electricity and heat systems considering reserve of flexible devices 10. Two-stage stochastic optimal operation of integrated energy systems 11. MPC based real-time operation of integrated energy systems

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents. Exploring the linkages between technological advancements and environmental degradation on energy-growth nexus 2. A Long Run Nexus of Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Nepal 3. The Energy Consumption-Growth Nexus in Jamaica: Does Globalization Matter? 4. Return and volatility spillovers between fossil oil and seafood commodity markets 5. Econometric analysis of economic growth-energy consumption nexus in emerging economies: The role of globalisation 6. Commodities Spillover Effect in the United States: Insight from the Housing, Energy, and Agricultural Commodity Markets 7. The Effect of Globalization on Energy Consumption: Evidence from Selected OECD Countries 8. The electricity retail sales and economic policy uncertainty: The evidence from electricity end-use, industrial sector, and transportation sector 10. Economics of Offshore Renewable Energy 11. Investigating the Determinants of Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies: Comparative Roles of Trade and Financial Globalization 12. Is globalisation a driver for energy efficiency and sustainable development? 13. Renewable energy consumption, human capital index and economic complexity in 16 Latin America countries: evidence using threshold regressions 14. Quest for Energy Efficiency: The role of Human capital, and Firm Internationalization 15. Green growth and energy transition: An assessment on selected emerging economies 16. Making Green Finance Work for the Sustainable Energy Transition in Emerging Economies 17. A Revisit of Globalization and Carbon Dioxide Emission Nexus: Evidence from Top Globalized Economies 18. Is There an Asymmetric Causality Between Renewable Energy and Energy Consumption in BIC Countries? 19. Energy Consumption, Financial Development, Globalization and Economic Growth in Poland: New Evidence from an Asymmetric Analysis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn account of ultrasonic motors - a new type of electric motor which employs the piezo-electric effect to give the motive power (rather than electromagnetic interactions in conventional motors). One of the authors, Sashido, is the inventor of the ultrasonic motor.Table of Contents1. What is an ultrasonic motor? ; 2. Theoretical treatment of component elements ; 3. The Piezoelectric element and vibrator ; 4. Theory and experiments on the wedge-type motor ; 5. Theory of the ultrasonic wave motor ; 6. Equivalent-circuit analysis for the travelling-wave motor ; 7. Design, assembly and testing of a prototype ultrasonic motor ; 8. Comparison with electromagnetic motors ; Autobiographical notes (Toshiiku Sashida) ; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom reviews of the first edition:-.... quality and qulaity of illustrations is noteworthy... a comprehensive and thought provoking summary of stepping motor technology. Times Higher Education Supplement.A general textbook on the use of stepping motors ... a comprehensive guide to the subject. Electronics and Power.Whenever repeated stop-start or incremental controlled motions are encountered, there are apllications for stepping motors. Their basic design and constructure make them enimently suitable for digital (microprocessor) control and they are consequently found in computer hardware- disk drives, printers, etc, in clocks, in numerically controlled machine books, and in domestic appliances.In this successful textbook, the authors take a practical approach to stepping motors, using many informative diagrams to explain their working principles, construction details, electronic controls, applications, and methods of maufacutre.Table of ContentsPreface ; 1. Introduction and historical survey ; 2. Outline of modern stepping motors ; 3. Theory of electromagnetics and stepping motors ; 4. Fundamental theory of the dynamics of stepping motors ; 5. Drive system and circuitry for open-loop control of stepping motors ; 6. Torque characteristics and pulse intervals - measurement and use in system design ; 7. Closed-loop control of stepping motors ; 8. Application of stepping motors ; 9. Manufacture of stepping motors ; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Semiconductor Diodes and Transistors 15 3. Thyristors 4. Static Induction Devices 5. SiC and GaN Power Semiconductor Devices 6. Power Electronic Modules 7. Diode Rectifiers 8. Single-Phase Controlled Rectifiers 9. Three-Phase Controlled Rectifiers 10. DC-DC Converters 11. Inverters 12. Resonant and Soft-switching Converters 13. Multilevel Power Converters 14. AC-AC Converters 15. Multiphase Converters 16. Power Factor Correction Circuits 17. Magnetic Circuit Design for Power Electronics 18. Solid-State Pulsed Power Modulators and Capacitor Charging Applications 19. Uninterruptible Power Supplies 20. Power Supplies 21. Electronic Ballasts 22. Wireless Power Transfer 23. Photovoltaic System Conversion 24. Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Sources 25. Electric Power Transmission 26. HVDC Transmission 27. Flexible AC Transmission Systems 28. Power Electronics for Wave Energy 29. Power Electronics for Distributed Energy 30. Power Electronics in Smart-Grid 31. Power Grid Resilience 32. Drive Types and Specifications 33. Electric Motor Drives 34. Power Electronics in Transportation 35. Linear and Nonlinear Control of Switching Power Converters 36. Fuzzy-Logic Applications in Electric Drives and Power Electronics 37. DSP-Based Control of Variable Speed Drives 38. Predictive Control of Power Electronic Converters 39. Active Power Filters 40. EMI Effects of Power Converters 41. Power Electronics Standards 42. Computer Simulation of Power Electronics and Motor Drives 43. Design for Reliability of Power Electronic Systems 44. Thermal Modeling and Analysis of Power Electronic Components and Systems

Read more less

Book SynopsisOriginally written for the National Joint Apprenticeship Training Committee to train apprentice and journeymen electricians, this book provides information for equipment installation and covers equipment maintenance and repair. It also includes troubleshooting and replacement guidelines, and contains a minimum of theory and math.Table of ContentsPart I: TransformersFunamental Concepts: TransformersTransformer ConnectionsInstallationMaintenance, Troubleshooting, and RepairDistribution Systems Part II: MotorsFundamental Concepts: MotorsFractional Horsepower MotorsPolyphase MotorsInstallationMaintenance and Troubleshooting Part III: AppendicesGeneral Electric Model List NomenclatureValues of Trigonometric FunctionsAnswers to Questions

Read more less

Book SynopsisA theoretical and technical guide to the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery management system Covers the timely topic of battery management systems for lithium batteries. After introducing the problem and basic background theory, it discusses battery modeling and state estimation.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xi Foreword xiii Preface xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The Development of Batteries in Electric Drive Vehicles 1 1.1.1 The Goals 1 1.1.2 Trends in Development of the Batteries 1 1.1.3 Application Issues of LIBs 3 1.1.4 Significance of Battery Management Technology 4 1.2 Development of Battery Management Technologies 5 1.2.1 No Management 5 1.2.2 Simple Management 5 1.2.3 Comprehensive Management 6 1.3 BMS Key Technologies 7 References 8 2 Performance Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries 9 2.1 Reaction Mechanism of Lithium-ion Batteries 9 2.2 Testing the Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries 11 2.2.1 Rate Discharge Characteristics 11 2.2.2 Charge and Discharge Characteristics Under Operating Conditions 12 2.2.3 Impact of Temperature on Capacity 15 2.2.4 Self-Discharge 19 2.3 Battery Modeling Method 20 2.3.1 Equivalent Circuit Model 21 2.3.2 Electrochemical Model 22 2.3.3 Neural Network Model 24 2.4 Simulation and Comparison of Equivalent Circuit Models 24 2.4.1 Model Parameters Identification Principle 25 2.4.2 Implementation Steps of Parameter Identification 25 2.4.3 Comparison of Simulation of Three Equivalent Circuit Models 28 2.5 Battery Modeling Method Based on a Battery Discharging Curve 31 2.6 Battery Pack Modeling 34 2.6.1 Battery Pack Modeling 35 2.6.2 Simulation of Battery Pack Model 35 References 42 3 Battery State Estimation 43 3.1 Definition of SOC 43 3.1.1 The Maximum Available Capacity 43 3.1.2 Definition of Single Cell SOC 46 3.1.3 Definition of the SOC of Series Batteries 48 3.2 Discussion on the Estimation of the SOC of a Battery 50 3.2.1 Load Voltage Detection 50 3.2.2 Electromotive Force Method 50 3.2.3 Resistance Method 52 3.2.4 Ampere-hour Counting Method 53 3.2.5 Kalman Filter Method 54 3.2.6 Neural Network Method 55 3.2.7 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System 57 3.2.8 Support Vector Machines 60 3.3 Battery SOC Estimation Algorithm Application 62 3.3.1 The SOC Estimation of a PEV Power Battery 62 3.3.2 Power Battery SOC Estimation for Hybrid Vehicles 80 3.4 Definition and Estimation of the Battery SOE 87 3.4.1 Definition of the Single Battery SOE 87 3.4.2 SOE Definition of the Battery Groups 91 3.5 Method for Estimation of the Battery Group SOE and the Remaining Energy 95 3.6 Method of Estimation of the Actual Available Energy of the Battery 96 References 98 4 The Prediction of Battery Pack Peak Power 101 4.1 Definition of Peak Power 101 4.1.1 Peak Power Capability of Batteries 101 4.1.2 Battery Power Density 102 4.1.3 State of Function of Batteries 103 4.2 Methods for Testing Peak Power 103 4.2.1 Test Methods Developed by Americans 103 4.2.2 The Test Method of Japan 106 4.2.3 The Chinese Standard Test Method 108 4.2.4 The Constant Power Test Method 109 4.2.5 Comparison of the Above-Mentioned Testing Methods 112 4.3 Peak Power 112 4.3.1 The Relation between Peak Power and Temperature 113 4.3.2 The Relation between Peak Power and SOC 115 4.3.3 Relationship between Peak Power and Ohmic Internal Resistance 116 4.4 Available Power of the Battery Pack 117 4.4.1 Factors Influencing Available Power 117 4.4.2 The Optimized Method of Available Power 119 References 121 5 Charging Control Technologies for Lithium-ion Batteries 123 5.1 Literature Review on Lithium-ion Battery Charging Technologies 123 5.1.1 The Academic Significance of Charging Technologies of Lithium-ion Batteries 123 5.1.2 Development of Charging Technologies for Lithium-ion Batteries 124 5.2 Key Indicators for Measuring Charging Characteristics 129 5.2.1 Charge Capacity 130 5.2.2 Charging Efficiency 135 5.2.3 Charging Time 141 5.3 Charging External Characteristic Parameters of the Lithium-ion Battery 146 5.3.1 Current 146 5.3.2 Voltage 146 5.3.3 Temperature 147 5.4 Analysis of Charging Polarization Voltage Characteristics 147 5.4.1 Calculation of the Polarization Voltage 147 5.4.2 Analysis of Charging Polarization in the Time Domain 150 5.4.3 Characteristic Analysis of the Charging Polarization in the SOC Domain 156 5.4.4 The Impact of Different SOCs and DODs on the Battery Polarization 160 5.5 Improvement of the Constant Current and Constant Voltage Charging Method 163 5.5.1 Selection of the Key Process Parameters in the CCCV Charging Process 164 5.5.2 Optimization Strategy for the CCCV Charging 165 5.6 Principles and Methods of the Polarization Voltage Control Charging Method 167 5.6.1 Principles 167 5.6.2 Implementation Methods 169 5.6.3 Comparison of the Constant Polarization Charging Method and the Traditional Charging Method 172 5.7 Summary 177 References 177 6 Evaluation and Equalization of Battery Consistency 179 6.1 Analysis of Battery Consistency 179 6.1.1 Causes of Batteries Inconsistency 180 6.1.2 The Influence of Inconsistency on the Performance of the Battery Pack 182 6.2 Evaluation Indexes of Battery Consistency 183 6.2.1 The Natural Parameters Influencing Parallel Connected Battery Characteristics 183 6.2.2 Parameters Influencing the Battery External Voltage 191 6.2.3 Method for Analysis of Battery Consistency 197 6.3 Quantitative Evaluation of Battery Consistency 201 6.3.1 Quantitative Evaluation of Consistency Based on the External Voltage 202 6.3.2 Quantitative Evaluation of Consistency Based on the Capacity Utilization Rate of the Battery Pack 203 6.3.3 Quantitative Evaluation of Consistency Based on the Energy Utilization Rate of the Battery Pack 206 6.4 Equalization of the Battery Pack 209 6.4.1 Equalization Based on the External Voltage of a Single Cell 209 6.4.2 Equalization of the Battery Pack Based on the Maximum Available Capacity 211 6.4.3 Equalization of the Battery Pack Based on the Maximum Available Energy 215 6.4.4 Equalization Based on the SOC of the Single Cells 217 6.4.5 Control Strategy for the Equalizer 219 6.4.6 Effect Confirmation 221 6.5 Summary 223 References 224 7 Technologies for the Design and Application of the Battery Management System 225 7.1 The Functions and Architectures of a Battery Management System 225 7.1.1 The Functions of the Battery Management System 225 7.1.2 Architecture of the Battery Management System 227 7.2 Design of the Battery Parameters Measurement Module 230 7.2.1 Battery Cell Voltage Measurement 230 7.2.2 Temperature Measurement 235 7.2.3 Current Measurement 238 7.2.4 Total Voltage Measurement 241 7.2.5 Insulation Measurement 242 7.3 Design of the Battery Equalization Management Circuit 246 7.3.1 The Energy Non-Dissipative Type 247 7.3.2 The Energy Dissipative Type 250 7.4 Data Communication 251 7.4.1 CAN Communication 251 7.4.2 A New Communication Mode 254 7.5 The Logic and Safety Control 255 7.5.1 The Power-Up Control 255 7.5.2 Charge Control 256 7.5.3 Temperature Control 258 7.5.4 Fault Alarm and Control 259 7.6 Testing the Stability of the BMS 260 7.6.1 Dielectric Resistance 260 7.6.2 Insulation Withstand Voltage Performance 262 7.6.3 Test on Monitoring Functions of BMS 262 7.6.4 SOC Estimation 263 7.6.5 Battery Fault Diagnosis 263 7.6.6 Security and Protection 263 7.6.7 Operating at High Temperatures 263 7.6.8 Operating at Low Temperatures 263 7.6.9 High-Temperature Resistance 264 7.6.10 Low-Temperature Resistance 264 7.6.11 Salt Spray Resistance 264 7.6.12 Wet-Hot Resistance 264 7.6.13 Vibration Resistance 264 7.6.14 Resistance to Power Polarity Reverse Connection Performance 265 7.6.15 Electromagnetic Radiation Immunity 265 7.7 Practical Examples of BMS 265 7.7.1 Pure Electric Bus (Pure Electric Bus for the Beijing Olympic Games) 265 7.7.2 Pure Electric Vehicles (JAC Tongyue) 269 7.7.3 Hybrid Electric Bus (FOTON Plug-In Range Extended Electric bus) 269 7.7.4 Hybrid Passenger Car Vehicle (Trumpchi) 271 7.7.5 The Trolley Bus with Two Kinds of Power 273 Index 275

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresenting the policy drivers, benefits and challenges for grid integration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the open electricity market environment, this book provides a comprehensive overview of existing electricity markets and demonstrates how EVs are integrated into these different markets and power systems.Table of ContentsContributors xi Preface xiii 1 Electrification of Vehicles: Policy Drivers and Impacts in Two Scenarios 1 M. Albrecht, M. Nilsson and J. Åkerman 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Policy Drivers, Policies and Targets 2 1.3 Scenarios and Environmental Impact Assessment 11 1.4 Future Policy Drivers for a BEV and PHEV Breakthrough 16 1.5 Results and Conclusion 24 Acknowledgements 25 References 25 2 EVs and the Current Nordic Electricity Market 32 C. Bang, C. Hay, M. Togeby and C. Søndergren 2.1 Chapter Overview 32 2.2 Electricity Consumption by EVs 33 2.3 Market Actors 37 2.4 Nordic Electricity Markets 39 2.5 Electricity Price 44 2.6 Electricity Sales Products for Demand Response 46 2.7 EVs in Different Markets 48 References 53 3 Electric Vehicles in Future Market Models 54 C. Søndergren, C. Bang, C. Hay and M. Togeby 3.1 Introduction 54 3.2 Overview 54 3.3 Alternative Markets for Regulating Power and Reserves for EV Integration 56 3.4 Alternative Market Models for EV Integration 66 3.5 Management of Congestions in the Distribution Grid 69 References 81 4 Investments and Operation in an Integrated Power and Transport System 82 Nina Juul and Trine Krogh Boomsma 4.1 Introduction 82 4.2 The Road Transport System 83 4.3 The Energy Systems Analysis Model, Balmorel 84 4.4 Modelling of Electric Drive Vehicles 85 4.5 Case Study 96 4.6 Scenarios 101 4.7 Results 101 4.8 Results from EDVs Contributing to Capacity Credit Equation 108 4.9 Discussion and Conclusion 110 4.10 Summary 111 References 111 5 Optimal Charging of Electric Drive Vehicles: A Dynamic Programming Approach 113 Stefanos Delikaraoglou, Trine Krogh Boomsma and Nina Juul 5.1 Introduction 113 5.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles 115 5.3 Optimal Charging on Market Conditions 115 5.4 Dynamic Programming 117 5.5 Fleet Operation 118 5.6 Electricity Prices 119 5.7 Driving Patterns 120 5.8 A Danish Case Study 121 5.9 Optimal Charging Patterns 122 5.10 Discussion and Conclusion 127 Acknowledgments 128 References 128 6 EV Portfolio Management 129 Lars Henrik Hansen, Jakob Munch Jensen and Andreas Bjerre 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 EV Fleet Modelling and Charging Strategies 130 6.3 Case Studies of EV Fleet Management 140 References 152 7 Analysis of Regulating Power from EVs 153 Qiuwei Wu, Arne Hejde Nielsen, Jacob Østergaard and Yi Ding 7.1 Introduction 153 7.2 Driving Pattern Analysis for EV Grid Integration 154 7.3 Spot-Price-Based EV Charging Schedule 158 7.4 Analysis of Regulating Power from EVs 165 7.5 Summary 176 References 176 8 Frequency-Control Reserves and Voltage Support from Electric Vehicles 178 Jayakrishnan R. Pillai and Birgitte Bak-Jensen 8.1 Introduction 178 8.2 Power System Ancillary Services 179 8.3 Electric Vehicles to Support Wind Power Integration 179 8.4 Electric Vehicles as Frequency-Control Reserves 181 8.5 Voltage Support and Electric Vehicle Integration Trends in Power Systems 189 8.6 Summary 189 Acknowledgements 190 References 190 9 Operation and Degradation Aspects of EV Batteries 192 Claus Nygaard Rasmussen, Søren Højgaard Jensen and Guang Ya Yang 9.1 Introduction 192 9.2 Battery Modelling and Validation Techniques 193 9.3 Thermal Effects and Degradation of EV Batteries 209 9.4 Electric EC Model 221 References 231 10 Day-Ahead Grid Tariffs for Congestion Management from EVs 233 Niamh O’Connell, Qiuwei Wu and Jacob Østergaard 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 Dynamic Tariff Concept 238 10.3 Case Studies 246 10.4 Conclusions 256 References 257 11 Impact Study of EV Integration on Distribution Networks 259 Qiuwei Wu, Arne Hejde Nielsen, Jacob Østergaard and Yi Ding 11.1 Introduction 259 11.2 Impact Study Methodology and Scenarios 260 11.3 Bornholm Power System 263 11.4 Conventional Demand Profile Modeling 268 11.5 Impact Study on 0.4 kV Grid 270 11.6 Impact Study on 10 kV Grid 276 11.7 Impact Study on 60 kV Grid 280 11.8 Conclusions 284 References 285 Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn introduction to the analysis of electric machines, power electronic circuits, electric drive performance, and power systems This book provides students with the basic physical concepts and analysis tools needed for subsequent coursework in electric power and drive systems with a focus on Tesla s rotating magnetic field.Table of ContentsABOUT THE AUTHORS ix PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT xi CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPTS 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Phasor Analysis and Power Calculations 1 Power and Reactive Power 5 1.3 Elementary Magnetic Circuits 8 Field Energy and Coenergy 13 1.4 Stationary Coupled Circuits 16 Magnetically Linear Transformer 16 Field Energy 20 1.5 Coupled Circuits in Relative Motion 22 Field Energy 25 1.6 Electromagnetic Force and Torque 26 1.7 Elementary Electromechanical Device 32 1.8 Two- and Three-Phase Systems 35 Two-Phase Systems 35 Three-Phase Systems 37 References 40 Problems 40 CHAPTER 2 ELECTRIC MACHINES 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Fundamentals of Electric Machine Analysis 44 Concentrated Winding 44 Distributed Windings 47 Rotating Air-Gap MMF – Tesla’s Rotating Magnetic Field 52 Two-Pole Two-Phase Stator 52 Three-Phase Stator 56 P-Pole Machines 58 Machine Inductances 62 2.3 Two-Phase Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 63 2.4 Analysis of a Two-Phase Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 69 Transformation 70 Steady-State Analysis 77 2.5 Three-Phase Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 81 Voltage Equations and Winding Inductances 82 Torque 83 The qsr-, dsr-, and 0s- Equations 84 References 89 Problems 89 CHAPTER 3 POWER ELECTRONICS 91 3.1 Introduction 91 3.2 Switching-Circuit Fundamentals 91 Power Conversion Principles 92 Fourier Analysis 95 Switches and Switching Functions 97 Energy Storage Elements 101 3.3 DC-DC Conversion 103 Buck Converter 104 Boost Converter 113 Advanced Circuit Topologies 118 3.4 AC-DC Conversion 118 Half-Wave Rectifier 118 Full-Wave Rectifier 125 3.5 DC-AC Conversion 133 Single-Phase Inverter 133 Three-Phase Inverter 136 3.6 Harmonics and Distortion 144 References 147 Problems 147 CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE AND SIMULATION OF AN ELECTRIC DRIVE 149 4.1 Introduction 149 4.2 Operating Modes of a Brushless DC Motor 149 Brushless DC Motor Operation with 𝜙𝑣 = 0 150 Maximum Torque Per Volt Operation of a Brushless DC Motor (𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MV ) 155 Maximum Torque Per Ampere Operation of a Brushless DC Motor (𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MA) 160 4.3 Operation of a Brushless DC Drive 164 Operation of Brushless DC Drive with 𝜙𝑣 = 0 166 Operation of Brushless DC Drive with 𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MV 170 Operation of Brushless DC Drive with 𝜙𝑣 = 𝜙𝑣MT¨MA 172 Modes of Control of a Brushless DC Drive 174 4.4 Simulation of a Brushless DC Drive 180 Simulation of Coupled Circuits 180 Simulation of Drive Inverter and Transformation 181 Simulation of Permanent-Magnet AC Machine 183 References 186 Problems 186 CHAPTER 5 POWER SYSTEMS 187 5.1 Introduction 187 5.2 Three-Phase Transformer Connections 187 Wye-Wye Connection 188 Delta-Delta Connection 190 Wye-Delta or Delta-Wye Connection 191 Ideal Transformers 192 5.3 Synchronous Generator 193 Damper Windings 198 Torque 198 Steady-State Operation and Rotor Angle 198 5.4 Reactive Power and Power Factor Correction 204 5.5 Per Unit System 209 Per Unitizing the Synchronous Generator 210 5.6 Discussion of Transient Stability 215 Three-Phase Fault 215 References 220 Problems 220 APPENDIXA TRIGONOMETRIC RELATIONS, CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS, AND ABBREVIATIONS 221 APPENDIX B WINDING INDUCTANCES 225 APPENDIXC ANIMATIONS 229 INDEX 231

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe essential guide to modern equipment found in merchant ships, focusing on ''motor'' propulsion for marine engineers.Developed to complement Reeds vol 8: General Engineering Knowledge for Marine Engineers, this indispensable textbook comprehensively covers the motor engineering syllabus for marine engineering officer cadets. It is the only guide available focusing on knowledge needed to pass the motor engineering Certificate of Competency (CoC) examinations.Accessibly written and clearly illustrated with technical drawings, it begins with theoretical and practical thermodynamic operating cycles. The book is structured to give descriptions of engines and individual components used to extract heat energy from fossil fuels and achieve high levels of engine efficiency.This revised edition has been updated and expanded to remain current, covering hybrid systems, biofuels and waste heat recovery.It includes new self-assessment questions and examples to aid learning and improve assessment outcomes.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this book a general matrix-based approach to modeling electrical machines is promulgated. The model uses instantaneous quantities for key variables and enables the user to easily take into account associations between rotating machines and static converters (such as in variable speed drives). General equations of electromechanical energy conversion are established early in the treatment of the topic and then applied to synchronous, induction and DC machines. The primary characteristics of these machines are established for steady state behavior as well as for variable speed scenarios. Important new applications for this technology (such as wind turbines, electric propulsion systems for large ships, etc.) are addressed and the book is illustrated with a large number of informative and detailed photographs, provided by various companies at the leading edge of research and applications in the field.Table of ContentsPreface ix Chapter 1. Main Requirements 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Sinusoidal variables 1 1.2.1. Single-phase variables 1 1.2.2. 2-phase voltages and currents 4 1.2.3. Balanced 3-phase sinusoidal systems 5 1.2.4. Unbalanced 3-phase sinusoidal systems: Fortescue symmetrical components 8 1.3. Electromagnetism 12 1.3.1. Primary laws 12 1.3.2. Materials and magnetic circuits 14 1.3.3. Inductances 24 1.3.4. Skin effect or Kelvin effect 29 1.3.5. Torque calculation using the virtual work principle 30 1.4. Power electronics 36 1.4.1. Rectifiers and naturally commutated inverters 37 1.4.2. AC thyristor controllers 41 1.4.3. Choppers 44 1.4.4. Cycloconverters 47 1.4.5. Force commutated inverters 47 Chapter 2. Introduction to Rotating Electrical Machines 49 2.1. Introduction 49 2.2. Main notations 50 2.2.1. Vectors 51 2.3. Principle of the electromechanical energy conversion 51 2.4. Continuous energy conversion 55 2.5. Non-salient and salient poles 55 2.6. Notion of pole pitch 58 2.7. Stator/rotor coupling: the “basic machine” 59 2.8. Losses within the machines 69 2.8.1. Losses due to Joule effect (or “Joule losses”) 69 2.8.2. Electromagnetic losses (or “iron losses”) 70 2.8.3. Mechanical losses 70 2.9. Nominal values 70 2.10. General sign covenant 71 2.11. Establishment of matricial equations 71 2.11.1. Working assumptions 72 2.11.2. Expression of the instantaneous torque 72 2.11.3. Continuous energy conversion in cylindrical machines 74 2.11.4. Continuous energy conversion in salient pole machines 77 2.12. Mechanical equation 79 2.13. Conclusion 80 Chapter 3. Synchronous Machines 81 3.1. Introduction 81 3.2. Introduction and equations of the cylindrical synchronous machine 82 3.2.1. General description 82 3.2.2. Why synchronous? 85 3.2.3. Rotation speeds at constant frequency 88 3.2.4. Equations of the cylindrical machine 88 3.3. Analysis of the synchronous machine connected to an infinite power network 93 3.3.1. Phasor diagram 93 3.3.2. Active (P) and reactive (Q) graduation of the voltage diagram 94 3.3.3. “Internal” powers 96 3.3.4. Stability of the synchronous machine 100 3.3.5. V-curves called “Mordey curves” 106 3.3.6. Case when resistance R is negligible 110 3.4. Considerations about the salient pole synchronous machine 111 3.4.1. Torque and inductance matrix 112 3.4.2. Calculation of the flux 113 3.4.3. Electrical equation and phasor diagram 118 3.4.4. Calculation of the torque and stability analysis 120 3.5. Consideration about permanent magnet machines 122 3.5.1. Surface permanent magnets machines 123 3.5.2. Machines with inserted magnets 124 3.5.3. Machines with embedded magnets 125 3.5.4. Modeling of permanent magnet machines 128 3.5.5. Cylindrical machine modeling 130 3.6. Inverted AC generators 137 3.7. Implementation of synchronous machines 138 3.7.1. Implementation of synchronous motors 138 3.7.2. Implementation of the AC generators taking into account the saturation phenomena 150 3.8. Experimental determination of the parameters164 3.8.1. Cylindrical machine in linear state 164 3.8.2. Saturation of the cylindrical machine 164 3.8.3. Salient poles machine 165 Chapter 4. Induction Machines 167 4.1. Introduction 167 4.2. General considerations 168 4.2.1. Structures 168 4.2.2. Working principle 172 4.3. Equations 173 4.3.1. Main notations 173 4.3.2. Sign covenants and working assumptions 174 4.3.3. Conventional representation 175 4.3.4. Flux analysis 175 4.3.5. Electrical equations 179 4.3.6. Change in the sign covenant 180 4.4. Equivalent circuits 181 4.5. Induction machine torque 183 4.5.1. Instantaneous torque 183 4.5.2. Analysis of the energy transfer 185 4.5.3. Expression of the electromagnetic torque in terms of the slip 187 4.6. Study of the stability 189 4.7. Circle diagram (or “Blondel” diagram) 192 4.7.1. Introduction 192 4.7.2. g and in 1/g graduation of the circle 193 4.7.3. Simplified circle diagram 195 4.8. Induction machine characteristics 200 4.9. Implementation of induction machines 205 4.9.1. Motor mode 205 4.9.2. Generator mode 217 4.9.3. Single-phase induction motor 225 4.10. Principle of the experimental determination of the parameters 234 4.10.1. Case of wound rotor induction machines 234 4.10.2. Case of cage induction machines 235 Chapter 5. Direct Current Machines 237 5.1. Introduction 237 5.2. Main notations 238 5.3. DC machine structure 238 5.3.1. Constituents 238 5.3.2. Analysis of the field winding 242 5.3.3. Analysis of the armature winding 244 5.4. DC machine equations 252 5.4.1. Hypotheses and covenants 252 5.4.2. Equations 252 5.4.3 Determination of the parameters 256 5.5. Separately excited motor 258 5.5.1. Introduction 258 5.5.2. External characteristics 260 5.5.3. Energy recovery: generator operating 265 5.6. Series excited motor 269 5.6.1. Introduction 269 5.6.2. External characteristics 271 5.7. Special case of the series motor: the universal motor 274 5.8. Commutation phenomena 274 5.9. Saturation and armature reaction 278 5.10. Implementation of DC motors 279 5.10.1. Constant voltage implementation 280 5.10.2. Present implementation of DC motors 284 Bibliography 287 Index 289

Read more less

Book SynopsisDieses aus langjähriger Vorlesungstätigkeit entstandene Lehr- und Praxisbuch beschreibt die wichtigsten Berechnungsverfahren für Drehstromnetze in systematischer Fassung. Die äußerst vorteilhafte knotenorientierte Darstellung zieht sich dabei wie ein roter Faden durch das Buch. Schwerpunkte bilden die Berechnung mit Symmetrischen Komponenten im Frequenzbereich nach dem klassischen Knotenpunktverfahren und die Berechnung mit Raumzeigerkomponenten im Zeitbereich nach dem neuen Erweiterten Knotenpunktverfahren. Für die Berechnung beliebiger Fehlerzustände (Kurzschlüsse und Unterbrechungen) wird mit dem Fehlermatrizenverfahren ein neues universelles Verfahren vorgestellt, das gleichermaßen auf die Symmetrischen Komponenten und Raumzeigerkomponenten angewendet werden kann. Zahlreiche durchgerechnete Beispiele und MATLAB®-Programmcodes ergänzen die Ausführungen.Table of ContentsSymmetrische Komponenten und Raumzeiger.- Mathematische Modelle im Frequenz- und Zeitbereich.- Klassisches und Erweitertes Knotenpunktverfahren.- Netzgleichungssysteme.- Leistungsfluss- und Stabilitätsberechnung.- Berechnung von symmetrischen und unsymmetrischen Fehlern.- Berechnung von Ausgleichsvorgängen.

Read more less