Volcanology and seismology Books

Book SynopsisIntroducing Tectonics, Rock Structures and Mountain Belts is written to explain the key concepts of tectonics and rock structures to students and to the interested non-specialist, especially those without a strong mathematical background. The study and understanding of geological structures has traditionally been guided by the rigorous application of mathematics and physics but, in this book, Graham Park has avoided mathematical equations altogether and has reduced the geometry to the minimum necessary. The application of plate tectonic theory has revolutionised structural geology by giving the study of rock structures a context in which they can be explained. Since the large-scale movements of the plates ultimately control smaller-scale structures, the study of tectonics is the key to understanding the latter. The reader is thus introduced to large-scale Earth structure and the theory of plate tectonics before dealing with geological structures such as faults and folds. Studies by structural geologists of the movement history of rock masses relative to each other, as revealed by the study of fault systems and shear zones, has helped to integrate rock structures with plate tectonics and this has been emphasised in the book. One of the most exciting aspects of geology is the study of the great mountain ranges, orogenic belts. The final three chapters of the book explain how knowledge of plate tectonic theory, geological structures and the processes of deformation may be employed to understand these orogenic belts. hilst excessive use of terminology is avoided, all technical terms are in a Glossary and, as with all books in this series, the text is illustrated profusely.Trade Review‘This is a great little book that provides an introduction to earth structures on a wide range of scales, starting with the structure of the Earth and plate tectonic theory. This is then used as a context in which to look at deformation, fractures and faulting, folding, and fabrics such as schistosity and gneissosity. The final few chapters of the book are dedicated to orogenic belts, both modern and ancient, showing how a knowledge of structures can aid our understanding of these exciting regions.The author, Graham Park, is Emeritus Professor of Tectonic Geology at the University of Keele. He has deliberately steered away from a textbook containing a rigorous mathematical approach to the subject of structures, and has instead kept the geometry to the minimum required for the concepts to be understood.The book is well illustrated, both with schematics illustrating the concepts, and a wide array of colour photographs showing field examples, all of which are well referenced in the text and aid understanding of the structures described. There is also an excellent glossary, which is handy as a quick reference for structural terms.’ Proceedings of the OUGS‘Now in an updated second edition, Introducing Tectonics, Rock Structures and Mountain Belts emphasizes large- scale geologic structures and plate tectonic theory. Full-color photographs and diagrams on almost every page, as well as an extensive glossary, help make Introducing Tectonics, Rock Structures and Mountain Belts accessible to readers of all backgrounds. Introducing Tectonics, Rock Structures and Mountain Belts is a choice pick for high school and public library science collections, as well as for anyone interested in this fascinating branch of science about the not-so-solid Earth beneath our feet. Highly recommended!’ Mid West Book ReviewTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; 2. Large-scale Earth Structure; 3. Plate tectonics; 4. Deformation, stress and strain; 5. Fractures, faults and earthquakes; 6. Folds and folding; 7. Fabric; 8. Igneous intrusions; 9. Structural effects of gravity; 10. Tectonic interpretation of orogenic belts; 12. Ancient orogenic belts. Appendix. Glossary. Further Reading.

Read more less

Book SynopsisVery Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, InspiringIn this Very Short Introduction Bill McGuire takes a fresh look at our sometimes perilous planet, and evaluates the causes and consequences of what used to be thought of as ''natural'' hazards through the prism of planetary heating and the continuing destabilising of our climate. Our world has always been a dangerous and deadly place, and storms, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic blasts have taken an enormous toll on lives and livelihoods throughout recorded history and before. In the past, such events were regarded first as acts of God, or gods, and later as simply a consequence of hazardous natural phenomena that are a normal part of how our planet works. In recent decades, however, this picture has changed. Relentless global heating, arising from the 2.4 trillion tonnes of carbon dioxide pumped into the atmosphere as a result of human activities, has completely altered the ''natural'' hazard landscape. There has long been

Read more less

Book SynopsisMixing memoir, travel and popular science, Adventures in Volcanoland is written with warmth and lyricism and a captivating fascination with these mountains of fire that will show how they have and continue to shape our planet, and its future.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn 1816, the climate went berserk. The winter brought extreme cold, and torrential rains unleashed massive flooding in Asia. Western Europe and North America experienced a ‘year without a summer’, while failed harvests in 1817 led to the ‘year of famine’. At the time, nobody knew that all these disturbances were the result of a single event: the eruption of Mount Tambora in what is now Indonesia – the greatest volcanic eruption in recorded history. In this book, leading climate historian Wolfgang Behringer provides the first globally comprehensive account of a climate catastrophe that would cast the world into political and social crises for years to come. Concentrating on the period between 1815 and 1820, Behringer shows how this natural occurrence led to worldwide unrest. Analysing events as diverse as the persecution of Jews in Germany, the Peterloo Massacre in the United Kingdom, witch hunts in South Africa and anti-colonial uprisings in Asia, Behringer demonstrates that no region on earth was untouched by the effects of the eruption. Drawing parallels with our world today, Tambora and its aftermath become a case study for how societies and individuals respond to climate change, what risks emerge and how they might be overcome. This comprehensive account of the impact of one of the greatest environmental disasters in human history will be of interest to a wide readership and to anyone seeking to understand better how we might mitigate the effects of climate change.Trade Review‘In this masterly work, Behringer draws on a wealth of detail to demonstrate the profound effects of the Tambora eruption on human society globally. Engagingly written, it will appeal to students and scholars of history as well as a wide general readership.’J. Donald Hughes, University of Denver ‘Charting Tambora’s effects on climate, global politics, the history of science, the world economy and individual lives, this outstanding book makes the history of most places in the world between the years 1815 and 1820 unthinkable without the story of the largest volcanic eruption ever recorded. Fast-paced and intricately constructed, this is climate crisis as page-turner.’Alan Mikhail, Yale University ‘This is a truly remarkable book, a global history ranging from Indonesia to Munich to Tasmania. Behringer shows how a volcano in Tambora touched off a weather crisis that brought famine and political instability in Europe, witch hunting in Africa and even genocide in Australia. He brings the story to life through the voices of contemporaries: Mary Wollstonecraft, Goethe, Constable ... unforgettable.’Lyndal Roper, University of Oxford “Behringer provides a brilliant illustration of the truly global character of this natural catastrophe and all its ramifications.”Deutsche Presse-Agentur “By showing how the planet was completely transformed by extreme weather events some 200 years ago, Behringer offers a highly original contribution to current climate debates.” Deutschlandradio Kultur "The largest volcanic eruption ever recorded took place in Indonesia in April 1815 — and no region on earth was untouched by its effects. This comprehensive account of the impact of one of the greatest environmental disasters in human history offers a case study for how societies and individuals respond to climate change, what risks emerge and how they might be overcome."Climate & CapitalismTable of Contents 1. Introduction: The Tambora Crisis 2. The year of the explosion: 1815 3. The year without a summer: 1816 4. The year of famine: 1817 5. The turbulent years that followed: 1818Ð1820 6. The long-range effects of the Tambora Crisis 7. Epilogue: From meaningless to meaningful crisis Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Picture credits Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisLaki is Iceland's largest volcano. Its eruption in 1783 is one of history's great, untold natural disasters. Spewing out sun-blocking ash and then a poisonous fog for eight long months, the effects of the eruption lingered across the world for years. It caused the deaths of people as far away as the Nile and created catastrophic conditions throughout Europe. Island on Fire is the story not only of a single eruption but the people whose lives it changed, the dawn of modern volcanology, as well as the history and potential of other super-volcanoes like Laki around the world. And perhaps most pertinently, in the wake of the eruption of another Icelandic volcano, Eyjafjallajokull, which closed European air space in 2010, acclaimed science writers Witze and Kanipe look at what might transpire should Laki erupt again in our lifetime.Trade ReviewA volcanic tour de force: terrific story-telling that reveals our vulnerability to nature's most destructive forces. -- Nick CraneDeftly interweaving information compiled by naturalists and astronomers of the day ... with interviews with modern-day scientists and historians, the authors provide a captivating overview of an eruption. * Science News *A compelling and engrossing story of Laki and its worldwide impact. As the best book authors do, they have also ferreted out facts and examples that make their specific story one with implications for modern readers. * The Seattle Times *A terrific, disturbing book. In their fast-paced, enjoyable text the authors show how vulnerable we remain to the most unpredictable of natural disasters. -- Gillian Darley, author of VesuviusMuch of the research is amazing and is deftly woven into a strong narrative. The result is a book that is steeped in science, but also history and the stories of people affected by a little-known landmark event. -- Tom Henry * SEJournal *Island on Fire was the perfect book ... I've read a lot of novels which didn't hold my attention in quite the same way. * The Bookbag *Human drama and tragedy mix with science here. The science may enlighten readers with no prior knowledge of volcanism, but the human story carries the book. * Dallas Morning News *A compelling and readable account that is readily accessible and illuminating, and provides some fascinating examples of the intersections between volcanoes, humans and society....Succeeds as a 'popular science' text, covering complex aspects of science with a light touch, [yet] a useful source book for students of geography, Earth and environmental science. -- David Pyle, volcanologist, University of Oxford, on his Volcanic Degassing blogThis book...won us over....Witze and Kanipe skilfully interweave the science of the "bigger picture" (including modern-day climate change) with the human story of Jón Steingrímsson, a priest and early volcanologist who recorded the devastating effects that Laki's eruption had on his parish. -- Top 10 books of 2014 * Physics World *

Read more less

Book SynopsisUncover the Earth''s inner secrets as you explore the world''s most magnificent volcanoes and earthquakes like never before. Become an eyewitness to the world''s most explosive volcanoes and powerful earthquakes with this picture-led guide that will take you on a visual tour of the hotspots of the world. Explore everything you need to know about the Earth''s most extraordinary natural forces - from active volcanoes, including Kilanea in Hawaii and Etna in Italy, to devastating earthquakes that have hit San Francisco and Japan. Discover how the eruption of Mount Vesuvius devastated the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, but left in its wake remarkably preserved treasures.Throughout the pages of this newly- revised incredible history book, you can expect to find: -All information updated by expert consultants-Packed with amazing facts, infographics, statistics, and timelines-Includes brand new eyewitness accounts from experts in th

Read more less

Book SynopsisA vibrant, diverse history of Vesuvius and the Bay of Naples in the age of RomanticismTrade Review“Best of all, Volcanic succeeds by showing the enduring draw of Vesuvius. . . . This is a polyphonic chorus of different voices and stories guided by such a stylish documentarian. . . . Momentous and spellbinding.”—Caroline Eden, Financial Times “A splendid work of historical archaeology. . . . Mr. Brewer writes as a literary and art critic as well as a historian—and he writes beautifully.”—Jeffrey Collins, Wall Street Journal“An entertaining social history. . . . [Brewer’s] account rests on the rare survival of a visitors’ book from 1826–8. . . . A fascinating and complex story, reflected by the mountain, itself an icon of destruction and renewal.”—Suzi Feay, The Guardian“[An] endlessly fascinating microhistory. . . . [Brewer’s] baroque prose is perfectly apt for his romantic subjects, all of whom were obsessed with the sublime.”—Pratinav Anil, Times (UK)“Vigorous and vividly detailed . . . deep scholarship sparked by serendipity.”—Lucy Hughes-Hallett, Times Literary Supplement“Brewer offers a series of lively pen portraits, interspersed with sociological sketches and glimpses of politics, science, painting, antiquarianism and more. . . . An extremely learned and companionable guide.”—Seamus Perry, Literary ReviewListed in New Statesman’s Best Books of the Academic Presses, 2023“An absorbing study by a master historian, Volcanic chronicles our fleeting attempts to comprehend, control and shape an unmasterable force of nature.” —Jeffrey Collins, The Australian“[A] brilliant study. . . . Such humility and respect for the natural world has never felt more apt nor urgent.”—Jacqueline Riding, Country Life“Brewer’s sweeping account is an enjoyable read rich in rigorous original research, thoughtful analysis and engaging storytelling. Like those travellers scaling the slopes under the watchful eyes of Salvatore Madonna, we couldn’t hope for a better guide.”—Emily Brand, BBC History Magazine“This is an exceptional book, a master class of historical writing, imagination and insight.”—John A. Davis, author of Naples and Napoleon“Vesuvius was a dramatic natural curiosity few travellers engaged in the Grand Tour could resist. By tracing the steps of visitors, guides and naturalists, Brewer writes a fascinating history of marvel and knowledge, strong emotions and leisure.”—Pietro Corsi, author of Science and Religion“In Volcanic, John Brewer animates the Vesuvius of the Romantic era, from the tourist throngs and guides who made the volcano their business, to the movers, shakers, savants and scientists whose works and lives intersected around this grand, natural laboratory. This is a rich, entertaining and illuminating account of the cultural milieu of continental Europe’s liveliest volcano.”—David Pyle, author of Volcano: Encounters Through the Ages“In this magnetic, densely populated, account of Vesuvius, Brewer moves at ease between the intensely close-focus and the universal. The volcano, nerve-wracking yet thrilling in its unpredictability, mesmerised individuals and even mirrored political reverberations in Europe and beyond. Brewer has captured Vesuvius in its Romantic entirety: he has written a remarkable book.”—Gillian Darley, author of Vesuvius: The Most Famous Volcano in the World

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: El HierroChapter 3: La PalmaChapter 4: La GomeraChapter 5: TenerifeChapter 6: Gran CanariaChapter 7: LanzaroteChapter 8: FuerteventuraGlossaryReferences

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe impact of volcanic eruptions on the Earth's environment has been the source of many a debate and the cause of extensive research activities by leading academics worldwide. The new edition of Peter Francis's Volcanoes preserves the particular strengths of the orignal in its accessibility, immense clarity, engaging humour and excellent illustrations. The book updates the original by reflecting on new research findings and new eruptions (such as that on Montserrat) as well as including a new chapter on volcanic hazards, which looks at the complex and scientific and sociological issues surrounding risk mitigation. In updating the planetary perspective of the book new co-author Clive Oppenheimer provides us with an insight into studies of Mars and Jupiter. The book is designed primarily for undergraduate students across a range of disciplines including geology, Earth sciences, geography, environmental sciences and planetary sciences, yet, is an equally valuable source for volcanologistsTrade Review'Oppenheimer does not shy away from difficult concepts, and as part of a more modern treatment of magma vesiculation (bubble formation) he presents a skilful precis of Yuri Siezin's catastrophe theory model, whereby a slight change in the pressure driving up a conduit can trigger an enormous change in magma ascent velocity.' Times Higher Education Supplement, April 2004.Review from previous edition 'the work is organized around the styles of volcanism found on the earth ... the lay reader is skilfully guided around or over the technical hurdles without the storyline being lost and perseverance, when it is needed, is rewarded by many fascinating details about particular eruptions ... the thoroughness and range of the coverage in the text make this an excellent adjunct to the reading list for even a postgraduate course in volcanology ... Francis has succeeded in producing an extremely readable, entertaining, authoritative and informative work that should bring a better appreciation of modern volcanology to a wide audience.' * L. Wilson, Nature August, 07/09/1993 *'the lay readers is skilfully guided around or over the technical hurdles without the storyline being lost; and perseverance, when it is needed, is rewarded by many fascinating details about particular eruptions ... the thoroughness and range of the coverage in the text make this an excellent adjunct to the reading list for even a postgraduate course in volcanology ... Francis has succeeded in producing an extremely readable, entertaining, authoritative and informative work that should bring a better appreciation of modern volcanology to a wide audience.' * Lionel Wilson, University of Lancaster, Nature, Vol. 364, August 1993 *'This is simply the best book I have seen on the science that underlies modern understanding of volcanology - and on top of that it is a pleasure to read ... a coherent and lively overview of his field, from historical accounts of great eruptions to lavas on Mars and elsewhere ... it is difficult to put down, principally because of Francis's lively style ... His lucid style and individual ... voice entices committed and casual readers alike. This is the book for all those who have wondered why and how volcanoes erupt as they do, and are prepared to think a little to find out ... what makes this text so compelling is the sense of contact with research. Francis refers throughout to the scientists involved - what they saw and how they interpreted their observations.' * Sue Bowler, New Scientist, September 1993 *'In an easy-to-read style, he has produced a scholarly work that is a suitable text both for earth and environmental science students and for those who wish to know more about this important natural process. The book is extremely well illustrated with high-quality drawings and photographs. This is a good follow-up to the author's earlier and highly successful book on the same subject.' * Times Higher Education Supplement *'This is above all a very readable account of one of the Earth's fundamental geological processes and as such will appeal equally to students of geology and geography, nonspecialists, and the general reader. The book is magnificently illustrated and the author writes from first hand experience of research in this field.' * Aslib Book Guide, Vol. 59, No. 3, March 1994 *'targeted specifically to a popular audience. It went on to achieve considerable success, in part because of its accessible style, low price, and lack of competitors ... Francis has written a highly personal discourse, focusing on those volcanoes and topics that most captivate him ... it is Francis's subtle appreciation of how volcanoes work that really sets this book apart.' * Science, Vol 263, 21 January 1994 *'Graduates would find much new material of interest and plenty of references for further study.' * OUGS Journal 16.1, Spring Edition 1995 *'In part, reading this book is simply a pleasure, as Francis and Oppenheimer write very clear and precise, adding occasionally the odd joke...To the present writer, this book is the best work on volcanoes and volcanology...the clarity of the presentation makes this book very readable for the educated non-special...I thus conclude: simply the best!' * Dr Ulrich Knittel, http://vulkanismus.de/reviews/volcs_eng.html *'In my opinion Dr Oppenheimer has combined the original work with new material to produce a superb book which is a pleasure to read and at a modest price it should be on the book list of everyone interested in volcanology' * Elizabeth Maddocks OUGS Journal 25 (2) Symposium Edition 2004. *Table of Contents1. The Basics: isotopes and green cheese ; 2. Keeping planets cool: volcanoes, hot-spots, and plate tectonics ; 3. Four classic eruptions ; 4. Magma - the hot stuff ; 5. Types of volcanic activity ; 6. Lava Flows ; 7. Pyroclastic eruptions: bubbles, bangs, columns, and currents ; 8. What goes up must come down: pyroclastic fall deposits ; 9. Pyroclastic currents from collapsing domes and transient eruptions ; 10. Pyroclastic currents and ignimbrites associated with plinian eruptions ; 11. Super-eruptions, super-volcanoes and calderas ; 12. Debris avalanches and flows: magic carpets and muck ; 13. Volcanoes as landscape forms ; 14. Submarine volcanism ; 15. Extraterrestrial volcanoes ; 16. Eruptions and climate ; 17. Volcano monitoring ; 18. Reducing volcanic risks

Read more less

Book SynopsisVolcanoes are some of the most dramatic expressions of the powerful tectonic forces at work in the Earth beneath our feet. But volcanism, a profoundly important feature of Earth, and indeed of other planets and moons too, encompasses much more than just volcanoes themselves. On a planetary scale, volcanism is an indispensable heat release mechanism, which on Earth allows the conditions for life. IIt releases gases into the atmosphere and produces enormous volumes of rock, and spectacular landscapes - landscapes which, during major eruptions, can be completely reshaped in a matter of hours. Through geological time volcanism has shaped both climate and biological evolution, and volcanoes can affect human life, too, for both good and ill. Yet, even after much study, some of the fundamental aspects of volcanicity remain mysterious. This Very Short Introduction takes the readers into the inferno of a racing pyroclastic current, and the heart of a moving lava flow, as understood through the latest scientific research. Exploring how volcanologists forensically decipher how volcanoes work, Michael Branney and Jan Zalasiewicz explain what we do (and don''t) understood about the fundamental mechanisms of volcanism, and consider how volcanoes interact with other physical processes on the Earth, with life, and with human society. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Trade ReviewThe authors have found a balance which enables both novices and experts alike to learn and enjoy reading. I would highly recommend this book to all; from those who simply seek to gain knowledge in the field of volcanology, to those who want to evolve their understanding beyond that of volcanism on Earth. * Ellie Belcher, Lecturer in Geology (UTC Portsmouth), Teaching Earth Science 2022 *Altogether, a little gem of a book and well worth the modest cost. * Chris Arkwright, Proceedings of the Open University Geological Society *Table of ContentsPrologue List of illustrations 1 The making of magma 2 How do volcanoes explode? 3 Volcanoes and water 4 Lava 5 Making and breaking volcanoes 6 Hidden volcanoes: tales from the past 7 Volcanoes, climate, and the biosphere 8 What have volcanoes done for us? 9 Volcanoes beyond Earth A short glossary Further reading Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisVolcanoes & Earthquakes features the earth sciences at their most spectacular. It reveals the massive internal forces that create and change the Earth's surface, with dramatic and sometimes beautiful consequences.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Atlas of Minerals and Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks in Thin-section provides the geology student and geoscientist with a stunning new color atlas of the main rock-forming minerals and igneous and metamorphic rocks in thin-section. It showcases minerals in various settings and degrees of alteration and preservation to allow users to best identify their own specimens in practice. Chapters highlight the distinctive characteristics used to identify different minerals. Building on this base, following chapters describe rock textures and types, summarising their petrogenesis within a plate tectonic framework. This book also includes insights into how information from photomicrographs can be studied using modern analytical methods, increasing understanding of geological processes. This Atlas is an indispensable reference textbook for all facilities that use a petrographic microscope, for professional geoscientists, and as an aid for any student studying minerals and rocks.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdventures in Volcanoland charts journeys across deserts, through jungles and up ice caps, to some of the world''s most important volcanoes, from Nicaragua to Hawaii, Santorini to Ethiopia, exploring Tamsin Mather''s obsession with these momentous geological formations, the cultural and religious roles they have played in the minds of those living around them at different times throughout history, and the science behind their formation and eruptions.Volcanoes help to make and shape our world, bursting forth from inside of the earth and, in many places, looming over us. Present since the earth''s beginning they continue to maintain its life support systems and, their extraordinary chemistry may even have created the ingredients needed for life to kick start.In some places volcanoes are even beginning to provide us with part of the energy we need to curb our use of fossil fuels. They have fascinated humans for millennia, their eruptions charted throughout

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe volcano among the most familiar and perhaps the most terrifying of all geological phenomena. However, Earth isn''t the only planet to harbour volcanoes. In fact, the Solar System, and probably the entire Universe, is littered with them. Our own Moon, which is now a dormant piece of rock, had lava flowing across its surface billions of years ago, while Mars can be credited with the largest volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, which stands 25km high. While Mars''s volcanoes are long dead, volcanic activity continues in almost every other corner of the Solar System, in the most unexpected of locations. We tend to think of Earth volcanoes as erupting hot, molten lava and emitting huge, billowing clouds of incandescent ash. However, it isn''t necessarily the same across the rest of the Solar System. For a start, some volcanoes aren''t even particularly hot. Those on Pluto, for example, erupt an icy slush of substances such as water, methane, nitrogen or ammonia, that fTrade ReviewFire and Ice is an assured, essential read on everything you could hope to know about volcanoes on both our world and others. It captures the intrigue, mystery and wonder of space, and underscores just how much we have to thank volcanoes for on Earth. * New Scientist *Starkey’s excellent book is the first to examine these extra-terrestrial volcanoes of our Solar System … It’s an explosive read in more ways than one. * Forbes *In Fire and Ice, geologist and solar system maven Natalie Starkey reveals to us that Earth is not the only host for active volcanoes. You can find them in places not previously imagined, like the surfaces of other planets and their moons. And you think you’ve seen everything? Some of these volcanoes even spew ice. Read all about it in this mind-expanding book. * Neil deGrasse Tyson, Astrophysicist American Museum of Natural History *[Starkey] masterfully weaves the latest information we have about volcanoes throughout the Solar System into a broader narrative about planets and moons themselves. The result is a book about volcanoes — and so much more ... entertaining and informative. * Nature *A FANTASTIC exploration of the hidden workings of the planets, and a timely reminder of what a fascinating and dramatic place our solar system is. * Dallas Campbell, Science television presenter and author *Fire and Ice explores a unique blend of space volcanoes – from the inner workings to the outer landscapes. Natalie journeys into the weird nature of volcanism and dives into current outstanding questions that we are still exploring. * Dr Caitlin Ahrens, NASA / USRA *Natalie Starkey leads us on an incredible journey across our Solar System, revealing a wonderful variety of volcanic geology. A fascinating look at volcanoes and the space science that enables us to study them. * Rebecca Williams, Volcanologist *Starkey takes readers on NASA’s expeditions, onto islands, and between tectonic plates undersea with vivid, immersive descriptions. The result is a thoroughly accessible look at a lesser-known part of the universe. * Publisher's Weekly *Table of ContentsPreface Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Destruction Chapter 3: Making a Magma Chapter 4: Construction Chapter 5: Creating a Life-giving World Chapter 6: Peering In Chapter 7: Warming Up Chapter 8: Cooling Off Chapter 9: Fiery Moons Chapter 10: Fiery Planets Chapter 11: Ice Worlds Chapter 12: What Next? Acknowledgements Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten by Dr David Rothery, a volcanologist, geologist, planetary scientist and Professor of Planetary Geosciences at the Open University, Volcanoes, Earthquakes and Tsunamis: A Complete Introduction is designed to give you everything you need to succeed, all in one place. It covers the key areas that students are expected to be confident in, outlining the basics in clear English and providing added-value features like a glossary of essential terms and even examples of questions you might be asked in your seminar or exam.The book uses a structure chosen to cover the essentials of most university courses, with an introduction on how the Earth moves, followed by separate sections on volcanoes (including eruptions, types of volcano, volcanic hazards, volcanoes and climate, monitoring volcanoes, predicting eruptions and living with volcanoes), earthquakes (including faults, measurement, seismic monitoring, prediction, prevention and preparedness) and tsunamis.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHave you accidentally ended up in the middle of a Disaster Zone? Yes? Well, do not panic! This book of top survival tips has everything you need to know about one of the world's most devastating disasters. Hold on tight... It is about to get dangerous!

Read more less

Book Synopsis''If Michael Palin had been a volcanologist, this is the book he would have written'' LITERARY REVIEW''Gripping'' THE ECONOMIST ''Wonderful'' PETER FRANKOPAN ''Like a thriller ... This is terrific'' SPECTATOR ''Beautiful ... bursting with poetry, with storytelling'' WERNER HERZOGWe are made of the same stuff as the breath and cinders of volcanoes. No matter where we live on the planet, they have shaped our history and might one day decide our destiny. World-famous volcanologist Clive Oppenheimer has worked at the crater''s edge in the wildest places on Earth, close enough to feel the heat of the lava. In Mountains of Fire we join him on hair-singeing adventures from Italy to Antarctica to learn how deeply our stories are intertwined with volcanoes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisVolcanoes have an endless fascination. Their eruptions are a regular reminder of the power of nature and our vulnerability to this raw geological phenomenon, however volcanic activity, and its plumbing from beneath, is an essential element of the forces that shaped and constantly reshape our planet. Dougal Jerram answers the questions: What are volcanoes? What other volcanic activity is there? How do volcanoes relate to plate tectonics and the movement of continents? What are eruptions and why do they occur? How have volcanoes affected the earth's climate? Can we predict eruptions? He also describes the most notable eruptions in history and their effect. Copiously illustrated throughout Introducing Volcanology is a concise and accessible introduction to the science of hot rocks for those with an adult curiosity and for those contemplating a course of formal study. As with sister volumes, technical terms are kept to a minimum and a glossary is provided covering the whole subject from ash to zeolites.Trade Review'The completely renewed edition of the already very successful first edition of "Introducing Volcanology" is nothing but a masterpiece when it comes to the difficult task to translate sometimes rather complex scientific knowledge into a way an interested but non-specialist reader can both understand and enjoy reading, while keeping the information up-to-date, precise and short at the same time.' Volcano Discovery'This book is short, but not trivial. It is certainly not dull. Any chapter of this book could be expanded to form another book in the same genre. The pictures alone earn a place on your bookshelves.'Proceedings of the OUGSTable of ContentsPreface. 1. The world of volcanoes; 2. The cooling Earth - how do rocks melt? 3. Volcanoes, plate tectonics and planets; 4. Types and scales of eruption; 5. Lava flows and bubbling cauldrons;6. Explosive pyroclastic eruptions and their deposits; 7. Igneous intrusions - a window into volcanic plumbing; 8. Volcanoes, life & climate; 9. Monitoring volcanoes; 10. Volcanoes and Man. Glossary.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn internationally recognized scientist shows that Earth's separate continents, once together in Pangea, are again on a collision course. You've heard of Pangea, the single landmass that broke apart some 175 million years ago to give us our current continents, but what about its predecessors, Rodinia or Columbia? These supercontinents from Earth's past provide evidence that land repeatedly joins and separates. While scientists debate what that next supercontinent will look likeand what to name itthey all agree: one is coming. In this engaging work, geophysicist Ross Mitchell invites readers to remote (and sometimes treacherous) lands for evidence of past supercontinents, delves into the phenomena that will birth the next, and presents the case for the future supercontinent of Amasia, defined by the merging of North America and Asia. Introducing readers to plate tectonic theory through fieldwork adventures and accessible scientific descriptions, Mitchell considers flows deep in the Earth's mantle to explain Amasia's future formation and shows how this developing theory can illuminate other planetary mysteries. He then poses the inevitable question: how can humanity survive the intervening 200 million years necessary to see Amasia? An expert on the supercontinent cycle, Mitchell offers readers a front-row seat to a slow-motion mystery and an ongoing scientific debate.Trade Review"Although Mitchell’s destination is the distant future, don’t be fooled. His book is as much a romp through the past as it is a look ahead, complete with references unique to the present....Throughout the book, Mitchell’s clear explanations and carefully chosen images help make sense of even the most complicated concepts." * Science News *"Locked in rocks, mountains, and oceans lies evidence of an ancient, active earth. Subduction, plate tectonics, and volcanic activity continually reshape continents. . . . [Those] interested in geology and geophysics will appreciate Mitchell’s compelling vision and research." * Booklist *"Ross Mitchell provides a cinematic view of Earth over billion-year timescales, showing how the slow-motion dance of the continents has a deep underlying logic that makes it possible to predict geographies of the distant future." -- Marcia Bjornerud | author of "Timefulness: How Thinking Like a Geologist Can Help Save the World""Geological puzzles don’t get bigger than unravelling the choreography of continents since Earth’s childhood. It takes bold thinking, and reconciliation of hard-won field data with computer models of our planet’s interior, to figure out the lay of the land hundreds of millions of years ago. Ross Mitchell draws on his own cutting-edge research to explain how Earth’s heat engine works, and what ancient configurations of land and sea—vastly different from today’s map—meant for the atmosphere, climate and, crucially, the evolution of life. It’s a gripping story, vivaciously told, of prescient scientists, perilous fieldwork, and the amazing ways in which geology empowers us to situate humanity in the context of billions of years of Earth history, and to ground speculation of how the next billion might play out." -- Clive Oppenheimer | author of "Eruptions that Shook the World"“Mitchell is the only person who could write this inviting and engaging book, which shares the thrill of scientific discovery.” -- Brendan Murphy | St. Francis Xavier University"The world is like a giant clock, with enormous tectonic gears of seemingly infinite complexity. That clock will keep ticking long after we humans are extinct, and Ross Mitchell, watchmaker, lets us see far into that future: an amazing Amasia." -- Peter Ward | author of "Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe"“A clear, accessible introduction to a ‘super’ significant topic—the supercontinent cycle—and to scientific study itself.” -- Richard E. Ernst | Carleton University"An engaging insider’s story of geological discovery and insight at a grand scale—the unification and fragmentation of supercontinents over geologic time, and why such behavior is repeating, yet changing. This first-hand account reads like The Double Helix, but with mountains for molecules." -- Paul Hoffman | Harvard UniversityTable of ContentsPreface Introduction 1. Pangea 2. Rodinia 3. Columbia 4. The Unknown Archean 5. The Next Supercontinent Epilogue: Surviving Amasia Acknowledgments Notes Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisOn November 13, 1985, catastrophic mudflows swept down the slopes of the erupting Nevado del Ruiz volcano. This volume analyzes the disaster's many aspects: the extent, constitution, and behavior of the mudflows; the nature of damage to structures; the status of the area's disaster warning system; and more.Table of Contents1 Front Matter; 2 Executive Summary; 3 1 Physical Setting and Geologic History; 4 2 The November 13, 1985 Eruption and Subsequent Lahars; 5 3 Performance of Various Structures along the Lahar Paths; 6 4 Preeruption Awareness and Preparedness; 7 5 The Warning Period; 8 6 Disaster Impacts; 9 7 The Recovery Program; 10 8 Posteruption Hazard Watch and Disaster Planning; 11 References; 12 Appendix A Geologic Setting and Prehistoric Volcanic Activities; 13 Appendix B Recommendations for Improving the Existing Warning System for an Impending Eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia, South America: An Advance Report, January/February 1986

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis fully updated second edition provides an introduction to geotechnical earthquake engineering for first-year graduate students in geotechnical or earthquake engineering graduate programs with a level of detail that will also be useful for more advanced students as well as researchers and practitioners. It begins with an introduction to seismology and earthquake ground motions, then presents seismic hazard analysis and performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) principles. Dynamic soil properties pertinent to earthquake engineering applications are examined, both to facilitate understanding of soil response to seismic loads and to describe their practical measurement as part of site characterization. These topics are followed by site response and its analysis and soilâstructure interaction. Ground failure in the form of soil liquefaction, cyclic softening, surface fault rupture, and seismically induced landslides are also addressed, and the book closes with a chapter on soil improvement and hazard mitigation. The first edition has been widely used around the world by geotechnical engineers as well as many seismologists and structural engineers.The main text of this book and the four appendices: Cover fundamental concepts in applied seismology, geotechnical engineering, and structural dynamics Contain numerous references for further reading, allowing for detailed exploration of background or more advanced material Present worked example problems that illustrate the application of key concepts emphasized in the text Include chapter summaries that emphasize the most important points Present concepts of performance-based earthquake engineering with an emphasis on uncertainty and the types of probabilistic analyses needed to implement PBEE in practice Present a broad, interdisciplinary narrative, drawing from the fields of seismology, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering to facilitate holistic understanding of how geotechnical earthquake engineering is applied in seismic hazard and risk analyses and in seismic design

Read more less

Book SynopsisA concise and accessible introduction to seismic theory, focusing on the mathematical fundamentals of global seismology. Aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students, this new edition has been updated to include recent advances in the field as well as new examples, review questions and computer-based exercises in MATLAB/Python.Trade Review'This classic text is an excellent introduction to modern seismology. Its concise coverage of theory, imaginative problem sets, and innovative computer exercises make it an ideal resource for students and course leaders.' Ian D. Bastow, Imperial College London'Peter M. Shearer's clear and engaging explanations enable students to approach concepts with physical intuition and easy-to-understand math. The exercises, some including Python and Matlab programs, provide valuable opportunities for students to deepen their working knowledge of the material.' Karen Fischer, Brown University, Rhode Island'This new edition includes up-to-date revisions on Earth noise and its cross-correlation study, and on anisotropy. Both topics have moved from peripheral to the center of seismological research, and these chapters are welcome additions for students embarking on research projects.' Toshiro Tanimoto, University of California, Santa Barbara'This elegant book combines basic seismic theory with approachable mathematical derivation, physical intuition, and practical examples for beginners in the field. Its concise yet insightful introduction to recent advances in seismology exposes students to a wide range of seismic research topics.' Qinya Liu, University of TorontoReview of previous edition: '… a concise and practical survey text that does a fine job of covering the basics … it is ideally suited for an intermediate to advanced undergraduate class …' Rick Aster, Seismological Research LettersReview of previous edition: '… Shearer has a knack for clear explanations and for making otherwise difficult concepts easy to understand …' Anne Sheehan, EOSReview of previous edition: 'As an introductory course textbook for upper-level undergraduate students, it may be the best textbook available now.' Toshiro Tanimoto, Physics TodayReview of previous edition: 'The fundamental concepts are clearly explained, emphasizing intuitive understanding …' Applied Mechanics ReviewsReview of previous edition: '… an excellent introduction for non-seismologists to grasp concepts behind seismological techniques.' Hitoshi Kawakatsu, EpisodesTable of Contents1. Introduction; 2. Stress and strain; 3. The seismic wave equation; 4. Ray theory: travel times; 5. Inversion of travel time data; 6. Ray theory: amplitude and phase; 7. Reflection seismology and related topics; 8. Surface waves and normal modes; 9. Earthquakes and source theory; 10. Earthquake prediction; 11. Seismometers and seismographs; 12. Earth noise; 13. Anisotropy; Appendix A; Appendix B; Appendix C; Appendix D; Appendix E; Appendix F; Bibliography; Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisDid you know that there are more than 60 active volcanoes in Europe today? Or that the longest-existing lava lake is in Ethiopia? Or that Mount Stromboli off the coast of Italy has been in almost continuous eruption for the past 2000 years? Illustrated with 200 spectacular photographs, Volcano is a fascinating visual journey around the globe, selecting the most striking live and extinct volcanoes from Alaska to Antarctica, from Tanzania to Tasmania, from Kamchatka in Russia’s far east to Indonesia and the Philippines. Alongside famous volcanoes such as Mount Etna in Sicily, Mount Vesuvius on the Italian mainland and Mount St Helens in Washington State, the book features many lesser known but equally interesting volcanoes across all the continents. Each entry is accompanied with a fascinating caption explaining not only the geological forces at work, but also how the volcano has shaped the history of the surrounding areas across millennia. Presented in a landscape format and with more than 190 outstanding colour photographs of around 100 entries, Volcano is a stunning collection of images.Table of ContentsIntroduction EUROPE Kirkjufell, Iceland Holuhraun lava field, Iceland Bárðarbunga, Iceland Eldfell, Heimaey, Iceland Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland Puy de Dôme, France Puy de Pariou, France Piton de la Fournaise, Réunion Island, France Teide, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain Calderón Hondo, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain Tahiche, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain Timanfaya, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain Croscat, Spain Islet of Vila Franca do Campo, São Miguel Island,Azores, Portugal Mount Pico, Portugal Sete Citades, Azores, Portugal Stromboli, Aeolian Islands, Italy Vulcano and Lipari, Aeolian Islands, Italy Mount Etna, Sicily, Italy Mount Vesuvius, Campania, Italy Nisyros, Dodecanese, Greece Nea Kameni, Santorini, Greece Mount Ararat, Turkey AFRICA & THE MIDDLE EAST Pico do Fogo, Fogo, Cape Verde Mount Cameroon, Cameroon Mount Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Ol Doinyo Lengai, Tanzania Muhavura, Uganda/Rwanda Dallol, Danakil Depression, Ethiopia Erta Ale, Ethiopia Nabro, Danakil Depression, Eritrea Zendan-e Soleyman, Iran Taftan, Iran Mount Damavand, Iran ASIA, THE PACIFIC & ANTARCTICA Mutnovsky, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Karymsky, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Kambalny, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Tolbachik, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Koryaksky, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Cherpuk, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Klyuchevskoy Sopka, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Avachinsky, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Gorely, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Kamen, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia Paektu, China/North Korea Komezuka, Aso, Kyushu, Japan Sarychev Peak, Kuril Islands Mount Fuji, Honshu, Japan Mount Aso, Kyushu, Japan Mount Chokai, Honshu, Japan Mayon, Luzon, Philippines Mount Pinatubo, Philippines Chu Dang Ya, Gia Lai province, Vietnam Mount Rinjani, Lombok, Indonesia Kelimutu, Flores, Indonesia Anak Krakatoa, Indonesia Mount Sinabung, Sumatra, Indonesia Merapi, Java, Indonesia Mounts Bromo, Batok and Semeru, Java, Indonesia Manam, Manam Island, Papua New Guinea The Nut, Tasmania, Australia Mount Tongariro, New Zealand White Island/Whakaari, New Zealand Mount Ngauruhoe, New Zealand Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand Mawson Peak, Heard Island, Australia Mount Discovery, Antarctica Brown Bluff, Antarctica Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica NORTH AMERICA & CARIBBEAN Mount Shasta and Black Butte, California Augustine, Alaska Mount Shishaldin, Alaska Mount Si, Washington Mount St Helens, Washington Mount Adams, Washington Mount Rainier, Washington Mount Hood, Oregon Crater Lake, Oregon Devils Tower, Wyoming Lassen Peak, California Cinder Cone, California San Francisco Peaks, Arizona Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii Mount Kilauea, Hawaii Diamond Head, Oahu, Hawaii Hanauma Bay and Koko Crater, Oahu, Hawaii Anahim Peak, British Columbia, Canada Popocatépetl, Mexico Parícutin, Mexico Tacaná, Mexico Nevis Peak, St Kitts, Lesser Antilles Soufrière Hills, Montserrat, Lesser Antilles CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA Fuego, Guatemala San Pedro, Guatemala Izalco, El Salvador El Boqueron/San Salvador, El Salvador Tiger Island, Honduras Momotombo, Nicaragua Concepción, Nicaragua Irazu, Costa Rica Turrialba, Costa Rica Arenal, Costa Rica Galeras, Colombia Antisana, Ecuador Tungurahua, Ecuador Cotopaxi, Ecuador Misti, Peru Licancabur and Juriques, Chile Descabezado Grande, Chile Puyehue-Cordon Caulle, Chile Aracar, Argentina Tromen, Argentina

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book delivers the present state-of-the-art of scientific characteristics of the unique Ciomadul volcano (Romania, East-Central Europe) from as many aspects as possible.. Multidisciplinary research results obtained on this geologically young volcanic complex are presented to a wider audience (geologists, volcanologists, botanists, archaeologists, historians and teachers). Moreover, the book provides information at a general level for interested laypersons and decision-makers. The first part of the book, after summarizing the research history of Ciomadul, presents the details of the volcanism and related topics (volcanology, geology, landscape evolution, minerals, post-volcanic activity and spa culture) in eight chapters; the second part deals with the palaeo-environmental issues of the larger area, along with human history, in nine chapters.Table of ContentsForeword (Dávid Karátson) Acknowledgements (Dávid Karátson, Daniel Veres, Ralf Gertisser, Enikő Magyari, Csaba Jánosi, Ulrich Hambach) Part I 1 History of Research: Geoscientific Exploration of Ciomadul Hills (Csaba Jánosi, Dávid Karátson, Ferenc Wanek) 2 Introduction to the Tectonic Evolution of the South-East Carpathians (Liviu Matenco) 3 Evolution of the Ciomadul Volcanic Field – Lava Domes and Explosive Eruptions (Dávid Karátson, Daniel Veres, Pierre Lahitte, Tamás Telbisz, Sabine Wulf, Ralf Gertisser, Stéphane Dibacto, Enikő Magyari, Ágnes Novothny, Csaba Jánosi) 4 Petrology of Ciomadul volcano: the rock record (Alexandru Szakács, Ágnes Gál) 5 Gone with the Wind: Dispersal of Ciomadul Tephra (Sabine Wulf, Daniel Veres, Ralf Gertisser, Ulrich Hambach, Enikő K. Magyari, Dávid Karátson) 6 Paleogeography of Syn- and Post-Eruptive Landscape Evolution around Ciomadul (Daniel Veres, Dávid Karátson, Sabine Wulf, Ulrich Hambach, Ágnes Novothny, Ralf Gertisser, Enikő Magyari6, Frank Lehmkuhl) 7 Ciomadul Volcano: Dormant or Extinct? (Alexandru Szakács) 8 Minerals, Mofettas, Mineral Waters and Spa Culture at Ciomadul (Csaba Jánosi, Sándor Szakáll, Boglárka-Mercédesz Kis, Ferenc Kristály, Szabolcs Harangi, Éva Péter) Part II 9 Paleoenvironmental Changes during the Last Glacial Period in the Ciomadul Hills (Enikő Magyari, Ildikó Vincze, Mónika Tóth, Katalin Hubay, Daniel Veres, Aritina Hialiuc, Mihály Molnár, Gusztáv Jakab, Mihály Braun, Frank Schäbitz, István Máthé, Krisztina Buczkó) 10 Limnological Changes in Lake Sf. Ana (Krisztina Buczkó, János Korponai, István Máthé, Gusztáv Jakab, Mónika Tóth, Mihály Braun, Éva Ács, Dávid Karátson, Enikő Magyari) 11 Vegetation History and Human Impact in the Ciomadul Area during the Holocene (Ioan Tanţău1, Roxana Grindean2, Enikő Magyari) 12 Hydroclimate Variability and Pollution History of the Mohoș Peatbog (Jack Longman, Daniel Veres, Aritina Haliuc, Vasile Ersek) 13 Modern Flora and Fauna of the Ciomadul Region (Zoltán-Róbert Para, Krisztina Tóth) 14 The Paleolithic in the Karst Aarea of Vârghiș (Vargyas) Gorges (Marian Cosac, Daniel Veres, Loredana Niţă, George Murătoreanu, ştefan Vasile, Valentin Dumitraşcu, Alexandru Petculescu, Dan Lucian Buzea) 15 Prehistory of the Ciomadul Region from the Neolithic to the Late Iron Age (Sándor-József Sztáncsuj, József Puskás) 16 Migration period and Medieval History of the Ciomadul Region (István Botár) 17 Landscape History, Land Use, and Tourism of the Ciomadul–Balvanyos Region (Ágnes Herzeg, Levente Dósa, Péter Szmolka)

Read more less

Book SynopsisEarthquakes have taught us much about our planet's hidden structure and the forces that have shaped it. This book explains how observing networks transformed an instant of panic and confusion into a field for scientific research, turning earthquakes into natural experiments at the nexus of the physical and human sciences.Trade Review"The cleverly ambiguous title of this book plays with the many uncertainties that surround our experience of earthquakes. Just who are these 'observers': are they scientists, farmers, or city dwellers? In answering this question, Coen offers a wealth of information in a book that reads with the appeal of fiction." (Times Higher Education)"

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review"An excellent biography. . . . This book is a great read." --The Daily Chronicle"A well-balanced and authentic view of David--where he came from, who he was, what the influences on his worldview were, and especially his sense of urgency about the unfolding situation at Mount St. Helens in spring 1980. Volcanoes are complex features; Melanie Holmes explains scientific ideas in a clear, straightforward manner that make them more accessible to a broad, non-specialist audience."--Tom Casadevall, former acting director for the U.S. Geological Survey "The intertwined personal life of David Johnston with Mount St. Helens geology and the challenges of dangerous research have, in this story, produced an incredibly engaging saga. A beautiful tribute to a scientist and to science."--Robbie Rice Gries, author of Anomalies: Pioneering Women in Petroleum Geology: 1917–2017 and president of the Geological Society of America"Read this book--you will receive an excellent and understandable description of a volcanic eruption and a moving chronicle of the making of a geologist from a boy to a man."--Vicki S. McConnell, former State Geologist of Oregon"Anyone who aspires to be a scientist or is curious about the wonder and fury of volcanoes will be inspired and mesmerized by Dave's story of courage and selflessness in the pursuit of knowledge to protect all of us from harm."--Christine McEntee, CEO/Executive Director of the American Geophysical Union"This wonderful book has several subjects; volcanology, natural disasters and human behavior, heroism, and the life of one particular man. This is an engrossing read that is absorbingly suspenseful, despite the fact that readers know the outcome. David Johnston, the hero of the story, is a multi-dimensional, complex character. Holmes shows an understanding of human psychology and has a gift for evoking personality with a few verbal gestures. We come to know David Johnston and the part he plays in the human drama surrounding Mount St. Helens. Unforgettable."--Mary V. Dearborn, author of Ernest Hemingway: A Biography"Highly recommended." --Choice"Filled with tender mercies that show the heart and humanism of those whose passion sends them into peril in the name of science." --Daily Southtown "Overall, A Hero on Mount St. Helens is an opportunity for the public to understand through David Johnston’s life what a geologist truly does and the passion they hold for not only the field itself, but the communities affected by such geological processes" --NAGT's In the Trenches "In this compelling book about volcanologist David Johnston, Melanie Holmes takes the reader from the cold war and Vietnam days of Midwest America to the short fuse lit in 1980 under Mount St. Helens. Dave’s story is well worth telling, and Holmes does so with skill, honesty, and concern for accuracy."--Barry Voight, Penn State University "David Johnston was a young man who explored; he wanted to know more. He died in the service of that knowledge--nothing less than a hero in this regard. There have been a number of memorials, all fine and well-deserved. None is better than this book. It finds a fascinating story. It tells the story well. And nothing more could a reader wish."--Zay N. Smith, former Chicago Sun-Times columnist, award-winning journalist, and coauthor of The Mirage

Read more less

Book SynopsisComplete, practical coverage of the evaluation, analysis, and design and code requirements of seismic isolation systems. Based on the concept of reducing seismic demand rather than increasing the earthquake resistance capacity of structures, seismic isolation is a surprisingly simple approach to earthquake protection. However, proper application of this technology within complex seismic design code requirements is both complicated and difficult. Design of Seismic Isolated Structures provides complete, up-to-date coverage of seismic isolation, complete with a systematic development of concepts in theory and practical application supplemented by numerical examples. This book helps design professionals navigate and understand the ideas and procedures involved in the analysis, design, and development of specifications for seismic isolated structures. It also provides a framework for satisfying code requirements while retaining the favorable cost-effective and damaTable of ContentsDevelopment of Seismic Isolation Worldwide. Theoretical Basis of Seismic Isolation. Isolation System Components. Code Provisions for Seismic Isolation. Mechanical Characteristics and Modeling of Isolators. Buckling and Stability of Elastomeric Isolators. Design Earthquake Ground Motions. Design Examples. Computer Applications. Specifications for Design, Manufacturing, and Testing of Isolation Devices. Appendix. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis accessible guide to seismic design examines what earthquakes do to buildings and what can be done to improve building response to earthquakes. International examples and photographs are included as important learning aids in understanding the effects of earthquakes on structures.Table of ContentsBASIC CONSIDERATIONS. Earthquakes and Their Effects. Seismic Response of Buildings and Sites. Design for Structural Response. Design for General Building Response. Retrofit and Repair. Mitigation of Seismic Effects. Special Problems. Special Design Cases. Special Design Issues. EXAMPLE DESIGN CASES. Single Family Residence, Wood Frame. Single-Story Commercial Building. Low-Rise Multi-Unit Building. Low-Rise Office Building. Concrete Frame Apartment Building. Warehouse, Single Story, Large Bays. Sloping Sites. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book addresses the seismic design and retrofit of bridges. It provides detailed information on the seismic considerations in the design of a wide range of substructures including beam and slab, box girder, arch, cable, stayed, and suspension bridges.Table of ContentsSeismic Design Philosophy for Bridges. Seismicity and Geotechnical Considerations. Conceptual Design. Modeling and Analysis. Design. Design of Bridges Using Isolation and Dissipation Devices. Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridges. Retrofit Design. References. List of Symbols. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisWritten for engineers without a background in seismic design. Provides design standards and parameters, explaining how to interpret and apply them. Examines and recommends procedures to accommodate the enormous forces and variations in effects common to major earthquakes. Covers practical aspects of soil behavior and structural and foundation design. Gives tips on special construction situations: foundations, dams and retaining walls, strengthening existing structures and construction over active faults.Table of ContentsCAUSES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTHQUAKES. Basics. Concepts and Definitions. Seismological Evaluation. Geological Evaluation. Forms of Ground Motions. Selecting Design Motions. SELECTION OF THE DESIGN MOTIONS FOR EARTHQUAKES. Maps of Seismic Zones and Seismic Ground Motions. Procedures for Selecting Earthquake Ground Motions. Role of Codes and Empirical Procedures. DESIGNS FOR EARTHQUAKES. Acquisition and Evaluation of Geotechnical Data. Landslides and Slope Stability. Liquefaction. Foundation Design. Structural Design. Retaining Structures. Dams. Construction Over Active Faults. Strengthening Existing Structures. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisExamines modern disaster response in Japan, from the changing earthquake preparations and regulations, to immediate emergency procedures from the national, prefectural, and city levels, and finally the evolving efforts of rebuilding and preparing for the next great disaster in the hopes of minimizing their tragic effects.

Read more less

Book SynopsisScotland's mountains and glens retain the secrets of the long and frequently violent geological history that has gone into their making. Volcanoes have played a major role in the creation of Scotland and while the youngest, a mere sixty million years old, were responsible for much of the scenic splendour of the Inner Hebrides, the rocks composing many of the famous Scottish landforms as, for example, those of Glencoe and the Edinburgh district are also the direct result of volcanism.Volcanoes and the Making of Scotland explores back in time from the most recent examples to volcanoes of the obscure Precambrian times which left their signature in the ancient rocks of the far north-west. Geographically the book ranges across all of Scotland from Shetland to the Borders. Reflecting current research into Scotland's geology, the author also speculates as to the climate, geography and ecology of the long-gone landscapes in which the volcanoes of differing ages were created and destroyed.The book is extensively illustrated with maps, sketches, cross-sections and photographs and relates what can currently be seen in the worn-down remains of Scotland's old volcanoes to active analogues around the world. This book vividly brings life and meaning to what the layman would otherwise regard as cold and incomprehensible rocks.Trade Review'We will all have our favourite Scottish volcanoes and there really is something in this book for everyone. But it will be welcomed in particular by students at all levels and by amateur geologists such as those who read The Edinburgh Geologist. They will learn so much about all the fascinating volcanic relics that we are fortunate to have in Scotland, will clarify their understanding of volcanic and magmatic processes in general and, above all, will thoroughly enjoy reading an undoubted masterpiece.' The Edinburgh Geologist'This is a well-produced book, 240mm x 160m and 20mm thick, but quite heavy so you probably wouldn’t carry it in your ruck- sack! Printed on shiny paper, reading some of the diagrams can be a bit tricky in certain light.The book comprises 12 chapters, a bibliography and an index. I thought that having no glossary would be a problem, but technical terms are explained at least once within the text. They can be found in the index, though you then have to turn to the particular page for definitions — just a niggle really. The first four chapters give an introduction as to what to expect from the book: information on how volcanoes form, plate tectonics, geologic time, mantle plumes, magmas, pyroclastics, lava and igneous rocks. I found these chapters a really good revision of basics, with some new information too. Upton uses modern analogies too. There are lots of diagrams, although references to them are sometimes not as clear as they might be. The photos are generally of good quality.The next seven chapters go into detail about the various volcanoes that have formed in ‘Scotland’. And this is where the book becomes somewhat unusual (which Brian Upton admits!). He takes the formation of the various igneous centres chronologically, but from the most recent backwards. This is not something I am used to — I tend to think in terms of old-to- young, in geological chronology, not vice versa. Also, when making something, you usually start at the beginning not the end. However, his point is that there is more evidence available from the most recent volcanoes about their formation and history. He then applies this to the more limited evidence of the older areas, ‘imagining’ what might have happened, say, in the Devonian, while pointing out that it is ‘informed guesswork’ and that we will probably never know: so much time, so much erosion, so little left! There is a comprehensive section on the Edinburgh volcanics, with very specific examples. Chapter 11 concerning the Pre-Cambrian is particularly fascinating, and shows the information available through geochemical analysis. Chapter 12 contains a summary. In a nutshell, Scotland is a graveyard of volcanoes.The book took very careful reading. Rereading of some sections was needed, as the story is very complicated — I think I knew it was, but not quite that complicated. While this is a serious book, Brian Upton’s style includes the colloquial and he does add humour on occasions (but I’ll leave the reader to find these!).Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed the book and I think it would be a valuable addition to your bookshelf, especially if you are interested in Scottish geology. I will take it with me every time I am in Scotland, albeit not in my rucksack.' Proceedings of the OUGSTable of ContentsForeword. 1: Introduction; 2: Time on Earth and a Brief History of Scotland; 3: Magmas, Igneous Rocks and Volcanic Products; 4. Lava Flows and Pyroclastic Deposits; 5. Early Cainozoic Volcanism and the Birth of the North Atlantic; 6. Early Cainozoic Volcanoes: the Big Ones. 7. Scotland within a Super-continent: Upper Carboniferous and Permian Volcanoes; 8. Post-Caledonian Relaxation: the Lower Carboniferous Volcanoes; 9. Volcanoes in the Old Red Sandstone Continent; 10. Volcanoes and the Iapetus Ocean; 11. Volcanoes as seen through a glass darkly: the earlier pre-Cambrian record; 12. Epilogue. Select Bibliography. Index of Place Names. Index of Selected Technical Terms.

Read more less

Book SynopsisEarthquake occurrence modeling is a rapidly developing research area. This book deals with its critical issues, ranging from theoretical advances to practical applications. The introductory chapter outlines state-of-the-art earthquake modeling approaches based on stochastic models. Chapter 2 presents seismogenesis in association with the evolving stress field. Chapters 3 to 5 present earthquake occurrence modeling by means of hidden (semi-)Markov models and discuss associated characteristic measures and relative estimation aspects. Further comparisons, the most important results and our concluding remarks are provided in Chapters 6 and 7.Table of ContentsList of Abbreviations ix List of Symbols xi Preface xv Introduction xix Chapter 1. Fundamentals on Stress Changes 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Stress interaction 4 1.3. Stress changes calculation 12 1.4. Modeling of Coulomb stress changes for different faulting types 15 1.4.1.ΔCS for strike-slip faulting 15 1.4.2.ΔCS for dip-slip faulting 16 1.5. Seismicity triggered by stress transfer 21 1.5.1. Triggering of strong earthquakes 21 1.5.2. Aftershock triggering 23 1.5.3. Triggering of mining seismicity 28 1.6. Discussion on stress interaction 31 Chapter 2. Hidden Markov Models 35 2.1. Introduction 35 2.2. Hidden Markov framework 37 2.3. Seismotectonic regime and seismicity data 42 2.4. Application to earthquake occurrences 44 2.4.1. Two hidden states and three observation types 45 2.4.2. Three hidden states and three observation types 48 2.4.3. Model selection and simulation 50 2.4.4. Steps number for the first earthquake occurrence 53 2.5. Conclusion 54 Chapter 3. Hidden Markov Renewal Models 57 3.1. Introduction 57 3.2. Semi-Markov framework 58 3.3. Hidden Markov renewal framework 65 3.4. Modeling earthquakes in Greece 66 3.4.1. Hitting times and earthquake occurrence numbers 69 3.5. Conclusion 73 Chapter 4. Hitting Time Intensity 75 4.1. Introduction 75 4.2. DTIHT for semi-Markov chains 76 4.2.1. Statistical estimation of the DTIHT 78 4.3. DTIHT for hidden Markov renewal chains 83 4.3.1. Statistical estimation of the DTIHT 85 4.4. Conclusion 87 Chapter 5. Models Comparison 89 5.1. Introduction 89 5.2. Markov framework 90 5.2.1. HMM case 92 5.2.2. HMRM case 92 5.3. Markov renewal framework 93 5.3.1. HMM case 95 5.3.2. HMRM case 96 5.4. Conclusion 97 Discussion & Concluding Remarks 99 Appendices 105 Appendix 1 107 Appendix 2 113 Appendix 3 117 References 119 Index 137

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe impact of natural disasters has become an important and ever-growing preoccupation for modern societies. Volcanic eruptions are particularly feared due to their devastating local, regional or global effects. Relevant scientific expertise that aims to evaluate the hazards of volcanic activity and monitor and predict eruptions has progressively developed since the start of the 20th century. The further development of fundamental knowledge and technological advances over this period have allowed scientific capabilities in this field to evolve. Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity groups a number of available techniques and approaches to render them easily accessible to teachers, researchers and students. This volume is dedicated to geological and historical approaches. The assessment of hazards and monitoring strategies is based primarily on knowledge of a volcano’s past behavior or that of similar volcanoes. The book presents the different types of volcanic hazards and various approaches to their mapping before providing a history of monitoring techniques.Table of ContentsContents Foreword . Claude JAUPart Preface xiii Jean-François LÉNAT List of Abbreviations . Chapter 1 Understanding the Geological History of Volcanoes: An Essential Prerequisite to Their Monitoring 1 Patrick BACHÈLERY 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Historical volcanology at the crossroads of various disciplines: the example of the Samalas eruption in 1257 3 1.1.2 Hazard characterization, geological analysis and future eruptive scenarios 6 1.1.3 Mount St Helens, May 18, 1980 6 1.1.4 Lessons learned from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St Helens 9 1.1.5 The diversity of eruptive regimes 12 1.2 Relative and absolute dating and the importance of timescales: chronology of eruptions 14 ix xv 1.3 Frequency of eruptions, eruptive cycles and future eruption scenarios 19 1.4 Historical activity through texts, iconography and archeology 24 1.5 The work of the pioneers 26 1.5.1 Alfred Lacroix 26 1.5.2 Jean-Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent 28 1.5.3 William Hamilton 33 1.6 The contribution of old maps 34 1.7 Volcanic archeology 36 1.8 Eruptive dynamics, types of eruptions, structural evolution: the use of volcanic “archives” through geological field interpretation 38 1.9 Structural framework and evolution 43 1.10 The use of distant archives 45 1.10.1 The record of large eruptions in marine and lake sediments 45 1.10.2 The recording of large eruptions in ice cores 50 1.11 From the knowledge of a volcano’s past to the identification of an operational monitoring strategy and the assessment of volcanic risks 53 1.12 Conclusion 56 1.13 References 57 Chapter 2 Volcanic Hazards 75 Raphaël PARIS, Philipson BANI, Oryaëlle CHEVREL, Franck DONNADIEU, Julia EYCHENNE, Pierre-Jean GAUTHIER, Mathieu GOUHIER, David JESSOP, Karim KELFOUN, Séverine MOUNE, Olivier ROCHE and Jean-Claude THOURET 2.1 Introduction 75 2.2 Eruptive hazards 77 2.2.1 Earthquakes of magmatic and volcano-tectonic origin 77 2.2.2 Outgassing phenomena 78 2.2.3 Lava flows 87 2.2.4 Tephra 98 2.2.5 Atmospheric pressure waves 106 2.2.6 Pyroclastic density currents 106 2.3 Indirect volcanic hazards 114 2.3.1 Lahars and associated flows 114 2.3.2 Prevention of lahars 123 2.3.3 Landslides and debris avalanches 125 vii 2.3.4 Tsunamis 132 2.4 References 138 Chapter 3 Assessment, Delineation of Hazard Zones and Modeling of Volcanic Hazards 151 Jean-Claude THOURET and Sylvain CHARBONNIER 3.1 Introduction 151 3.2 Terminology 152 3.3 Objectives of volcanic hazard assessment and delineation of hazard zones 153 3.4 The main volcanic hazards and their effects 153 3.4.1 Temporal and spatial scales of hazards 158 3.4.2 Existing hazard classifications and their criteria 158 3.5 Multi-hazard delineation methods for volcanoes 159 3.5.1 Specificity and complexity of volcanic hazard delineation 160 3.5.2 Principles of hazard delineation 161 3.5.3 The graphic expression of delineation of hazard zones: the hazard maps 162 3.5.4 Pioneering tests: Nevado del Ruiz (1985) and Mount Pelée (1985–1995) 165 3.5.5 Development of mapping techniques in the 1990s to 2000 171 3.6 New approaches to modeling and quantitative analysis 173 3.6.1 Evolution of delineation methods: DTM, GIS and digital codes 173 3.6.2 The statistical, probabilistic and evolutionary representation of delineation of hazard zones 176 3.6.3 Large-scale delineation of hazard zones 177 3.7 Conclusion 179 3.8 References 180 Chapter 4 History of Volcanic Monitoring and Development of Methods 185 Jean-François LÉNAT 4.1 Qualitative observation 185 4.1.1 Maps and charts 186 4.1.2 Quantitative data and insights into volcanic mechanisms 189 4.2. The development of instrumental surveillance: late 19th–early 20th centuries to 1970s 190 4.2.1 Volcanic observatories 190 4.2.2 The modern period: impact of digital and space 204 4.3 Acknowledgments 216 4.4 References 216 List of Authors 229 Index 231

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe impact of natural disasters has become an important and ever-growing preoccupation for modern societies. Volcanic eruptions are particularly feared due to their devastating local, regional or global effects. Relevant scientific expertise that aims to evaluate the hazards of volcanic activity and monitor and predict eruptions has progressively developed since the start of the 20th century. The further development of fundamental knowledge and technological advances over this period have allowed scientific capabilities in this field to evolve. Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity groups a number of available techniques and approaches to render them easily accessible to teachers, researchers and students. This volume sets out different surveillance methods, starting with those most frequently used: seismic surveillance and deformation. It then examines surveillance by remote sensing from ground, air and space, methods that exemplify one of the most spectacular advances in this field in recent times.Table of Contents1. Seismic Monitoring of Volcanoes and Eruption Forecasting, Philippe Lesage 2. Monitoring Volcano Deformation, Valérie Cayol, Aline Peltier, Jean-Luc Froger and François Beauducel 3. Volcano Monitoring by Remote Sensing, Mathieu Gouhier 4. Volcano Remote Sensing with Ground-Based Techniques, Franck Donnadieu, David Jessop, Philipson Bani and Séverine Moune

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe impact of natural disasters has become an important and ever-growing preoccupation for modern societies. Volcanic eruptions are particularly feared due to their devastating local, regional or global effects. Relevant scientific expertise that aims to evaluate the hazards of volcanic activity and monitor and predict eruptions has progressively developed since the start of the 20th century. The further development of fundamental knowledge and technological advances over this period have allowed scientific capabilities in this field to evolve. Hazards and Monitoring of Volcanic Activity groups a number of available techniques and approaches to render them easily accessible to teachers, researchers and students. This volume reviews the different monitoring methods. It first considers fluids and solid products, approaches that provide valuable information on pre-eruptive processes and eruption dynamics. It also focuses on the description of geophysical monitoring methods under development.Table of Contents1. Monitoring of Volcanic FluidsSéverine Moune and Emilie Roulleau 2. Monitoring of Eruptive Products: Deposits Associated with Pyroclastic FalloutLucia Gurioli, Alessandro Tadini, Simon Thivet, Etienne Médard, Carole Berthod and Ivan Vlastelic 3. Monitoring of Eruptive Products: Pyroclastic Density Currents and Their DepositsAlessandro Tadini, Lucia Gurioli, Sylvain Charbonnier, Simont Thivet and Jean-Claude Thouret 4. Gravity Monitoring of VolcanoesLydie Gailler, Jean-François Lénat and Franck Donnadieu 5. Electrical and Electromagnetic Monitoring of VolcanoesLydie Gailler, Jean-François Lénat and Philippe Labazuy 6. Magnetic Monitoring of VolcanoesLydie Gailler and Jean-François Lénat

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe importance of continuous research into Seismic Design for Engineering Plant can never be underestimated. Earthquake disaster prevention is a fascinating area requiring ingenious solutions to its unique problems. The benefits of sharing information from developments in this field are also of vital importance. This new book describes and assesses the seismic requirements for different types of structures. In focussing on nuclear chemical plants critical guidance is given on design and cost-effective methods. Bringing together valuable experience from a wide range of disciplines, this important volume covers an informative selection of topics. Contents include: Introduction to Seismic Design Expected accelerations and ways to minimize interaction between structural and mechanical components The practical aspects of designing and assessing mechanical handling equipment for seismic events Nuclear safety requirements for travelling cranes Overview of vessel seismic design Seismic qualification of existing pipework in UK nuclear power plants Construction of a three-dimensional, large-scale shaking table land development of core technology The contributors to this book are experts in their field whether they are from the nuclear, academic, governmental, or engineering consultant sectors. Their experienced and informed contributions will highlight and explore the most recent developments and challenges facing this highly relevant field of mechanical engineering.Table of ContentsForeword xiii Chapter 1 Introduction to Seismic Design J Mills 1 Chapter 2 Expected Accelerations and Ways to Minimize Interaction between Structural and Mechanical Components P A Merriman 15 Chapter 3 The Practical Aspects of Designing and Assessing Mechanical Handling Equipment for Seismic Events D W Davies 31 Chapter 4 Nuclear Safety Requirements for Travelling Cranes D M Edge, M D Rowlson, and W S Atkins 45 Chapter 5 Overview of Vessel Seismic Design B Mackie 55 Chapter 6 Seismic Qualification of Existing Pipework in UK Nuclear Power Plants J MacFarlane and C Hughes 81 Chapter 7 Design Substantiation and Installation of Electrical System Components - Lesson Learned from Observed Performance B Eccles and T Allmark 93 Chapter 8 Seismic Qualification of Plant at Nuclear Submarine Bases and Dockyards K Nailard 99 Chapter 9 Construction of a Three-dimensional, Large-scale Shaking Table and Development of Core Technology N Ogawa, K Ohtani, T Katayama, and H Shibata 109 Chapter 10 Near-fault Ground Motions: Demand and Structural Capacity Requirements P Gulkan 139 Chapter 11 Seismic IPEEE Results and their Use in Risk-informed Applications G S Hardy, R P Kassawara, J M Richards, and W H Tong 173 Chapter 12 Application of Seismic Margin Methodology for Modification of Piping Systems P D Baughman and K M Sickles 183 Subject Index 195 Authors' Index 199

Read more less

Book SynopsisBased on an intimate knowledge and extensive research, Italian volcanoes, provides a complete introductory guide to one of the world's best known and most intensively studied volcanic areas. It is a unique guide to volcanic geology and an exciting introduction to how volcanoes work. Twelve detailed itineraries have been specially chosen to highlight the spectrum of volcanic products, their threat to human activity and their importance to understanding how volcanoes behave. Richly illustrated with maps and photographs, this guide is ideal for all geologists and visitors to Italy who have been captivated by some of the world's most spectacular volcanoes.Table of ContentsPreface. Volcanism in Italy. Somma - Vesuvius; Campi Flegerei (Phlegraean Fields); The Aeolian Islands; Mount Etna. Glossary. Index.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less