Environmental factors Books
Oneworld Publications Live Forever
Book SynopsisTime wants you dead. Not just you, but your friends, family, pets - everyone you’ve ever met… ''A beautifully written book about life and death: busts myths, explores the stories of science and history, and ultimately is rich and uplifting.'' Dr Adam Rutherford With over 17,000 known diseases affecting humans, and countless poisons, carcinogens and toxins in our environment, it’s a miracle that our bodies manage to keep us alive. And that is, of course, if they don’t betray us themselves, whether through cancers or autoimmune conditions. Biomedical researcher Professor John Tregoning tells the unlikely story of how, against all odds, we manage to stay alive. Taking an organ-by-organ tour of the human body, Tregoning embarks on his own experimental quest, testing ''life-extending'' diets and exercise regimes to separate fact from fad. Exploring the multitude of ways our bodies can kill us, from inherited genetic conditions, through heart attacks, arrythmias and angina, onto the delicate workings of the brain, Live Forever? offers compelling insight into how our bodies work, how we can best look after them - and ultimately live longer, healthier lives. *** ''I heartily recommend this deep dive into wellness... It turns out that none of us are getting out of here alive, but John has bravely put his mind and body on the line to discover the secrets of staying healthy and happy as we get older. A funny, fascinating and educative book.'' Ben Willbond, co-creator of Ghosts ''The idea that a book about death and dying could be a delightful read seems ridiculous, and yet John Tregoning has pulled off this trick with humour, flair and elegance.'' Nessa Carey, author of The Epigenetics Revolution ''An enjoyable and entertaining mixture of scientific facts about ageing and completely unscientific self-experimentation... recognizing that although none of us will live forever, there are ways we can improve our chances of living well while we are still around.'' Dame Sarah Gilbert
£17.09
Rowman & Littlefield Enviromedics
Book SynopsisMany of us have concerns about the effects of climate change on Earth, but we often overlook the essential issue of human health. This book addresses that oversight and enlightens readers about the most important aspect of one of the greatest challenges of our time.The global environment is under massive stress from centuries of human industrialization. The projections regarding climate change for the next century and beyond are grim.The impact this will have on human health is tremendous, and we are only just now discovering what the long-term outcomes may be. By weighing in from a physician's perspective, Jay Lemery and Paul Auerbach clarify the science, dispel the myths, and help readers understand the threats of climate change to human health. No better argument exists for persuading people to care about climate change than a close look at its impacts on our physical and emotional well-being.The need has never been greater for a grounded, informative, and accessible discussion abouTrade ReviewThere is a growing understanding that climate change is impacting a broad range of health outcomes. Two emergency medicine experts have assembled evidence from several disciplines to demonstrate that politically motivated national and corporate behavior is creating dire consequences for global health. The information is presented in 15 chapters that tackle such diverse topics as vector-borne diseases, extreme weather, mental health, algal blooms, and food and water security. All in all, this is a brief book; its 146-page text is annotated with extensive references. The authors believe human-caused changes to our environment may soon “become irreversible," and their evidence is compelling. Though their backgrounds are in medicine, the authors' climate science is sound, with an appropriate emphasis on biodiversity and environmental justice. The examples are straightforward, and the writing is intended for a popular audience. The authors' prescription for the future requires acceptance of “the science” to unite people in the pursuit of a common future. Summing Up: Recommended. All readers. * CHOICE *Global warming is hazardous to human health. Lemery and Auerbach, emergency-medicine physicians and past presidents of the Wilderness Medical Society, invent the word enviromedics to describe the medical consequences of environmental change, and argue that droughts, floods, hurricanes, forest fires, pollution, and toxic waste jeopardize the future of humankind. “Earth will go on, no matter what we do to it,” they say. “The more pertinent question is, will we?” Flooding causes allergenic mold, and hotter temperatures lead to, among other things, disease-carrying mosquitoes spreading to more locations. Despite detailing a scary list of horrors, the authors beg people not to give up. After all, they say, 42 percent of U.S. adults smoked 50 years ago, and only 17 percent do today. They credit regulations (bans in public places), economics (the increased cost of cigarettes), and awareness of medical science (media campaigns). Could a similar approach work when it comes to global warming? They give the last word to young people, such as Caroline Spears, co-director of Students for a Sustainable Stanford. “I can either give up or be inspired,” she says. “I choose the latter.” In their well-researched, fact-filled treatise, Lemery and Auerbach passionately make the case for how the continuation of the human species depends on people taking better care of the planet by investing in renewable energies, consuming wisely, voting for motivated public officials, and speaking out to give future generations a chance. It’s a sobering and empowering message. * Booklist, Starred Review *Lemery and Auerbach, of the schools of medicine at the University of Colorado and Stanford University, respectively, adopt a no-nonsense ‘doctor’s approach’ as they survey the effects of climate change on public health. As ‘doctors on the front line,’ the authors regularly observe the medical ramifications ‘of climate change, pollution, and the reduction of biodiversity.’ Their aim here is to spotlight how changing environments affect health, using a ‘fusion science’ they call ‘enviromedics.’ The authors document manifestations of climate change alongside medical case histories that support their bleak conclusion that climate change will worsen preexisting health problems. The patients profiled include Sid, an elderly man with lung disease whose condition is exacerbated on days with an unhealthy air-quality index; Mark, who contracted malaria (one of several tropical diseases creeping into higher latitudes) from mosquitoes in New Jersey; Amanda, whose already severe allergies are bound to worse as pollen counts are predicted to ‘more than double by 2040’; and John, who suffered a reaction to mussels tainted by an algae bloom, itself a result of elevated oceanic carbon dioxide levels. Climate science will continue to evolve, Lemery and Auerbach concede, but ‘if Earth is warming because of global climate change, then human health will suffer.’ * Publishers Weekly, Starred Review *The real crisis of climate change is one of public perception, and far too few of us realize the catastrophe that we're headed into. Lemery and Auerbach bring forth the human element from climate change – they bring us to the bedside and force us to rethink our risk assessment. For that reason alone, Enviromedics is one of the most important books of the year. -- James Balog, Director, Extreme Ice Survey and Earth Vision InstituteIt isn’t remotely possible to remove your body, and its health, from the environment you live in, air you breathe, food you eat. Enviromedics persuasively explains what we have done to our planet, and how we are already paying a price for climate change with our health. Heed Lemery and Auerbach’s message, before it’s too late. -- Laurie Garrett, Pulitzer Prize-winning writer; author of I Heard the Sirens ScreamIn anticipating the consequences of climate change, there has been insufficient discussion of the discrete medical consequences and the arising health care challenges. This thoughtful book provides a framework upon which to categorize, anticipate, and understand such critical medical issues. Lemery and Auerbach’s work is pioneering and will be the standard in this field. -- Abraham Verghese, MD, MACP, Professor of Medicine, Stanford University; recipient of the National Humanities Medal; author of Cutting for StoneWith this book, Lemery and Auerbach do what physicians do best: assess the patient's presenting symptoms, consider and apply the evidence at hand, and prescribe a path forward. They demonstrate the unique value that a medical perspective brings to the greatest health threat of the 21st century — climate change. -- Nick Watts, Executive Director, Lancet Commission: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate ChangeClimate change is a medical issue. That’s the starting point for Jay Lemery and Paul Auerbach in their compelling new book. They write about what doctors will face as more and more patients walk through their doors feeling dizzy and vomiting from heat stress, with burns from fighting wildfires, or with a mosquito-borne disease that never used to be found in these parts. It’s already happening and can only get worse, much worse. Their message is vital to the health of this and future generations. -- Clive Hamilton, Professor of Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University; author of EarthmastersLemery and Auerbach have done a superb job demonstrating how and explaining why climate change threatens everyone. They have taken an issue understood by very few people and - in a clear and compelling fashion - shown why this needs to be regarded as a central aspect of global health and well-being. -- Mark Plotkin, PhD, LHD, President, Amazon Conservation Team; author of Medicine Quest: In Search of Nature’s Healing SecretsMany adolescents have the delusion that pretending to be invincible makes one so. They soon learn: taking risks with no benefits is often future-wrecking. America and other nations can no longer behave that way. They cannot ignore the evidence of impending collapse: ruined oceans, lands, and atmospheres, and thus sick people. During “teachable moments” in the emergency room, doctors sometimes confront people who are endangered by self-inflicted disease. With Enviromedics, these experienced and accessible doctors are intervening at a moment of urgency, offering their informed concerns and asserting the changes that their patient, all of us, must make. Every person, young and old, should read Enviromedics. -- Richard J. Jackson, MD MPH, Professor, Fielding School of Public Health at the University of California, Los Angeles; author of Making Healthy Places; host of the PBS series "Designing Healthy Communities"Enviromedics is the most important book ever written about how the changes in our environment affect human health. Doctors understand the effects of diet, stress, lack of exercise, and sleep on health and disease. But our health care system mostly ignores the effects of pollution and climate change on human health. As the authors point out, Earth will survive these insults, but human life itself may not. This book should be read by everyone, including policy makers, health care professionals, and anyone who cares about their personal health. -- Mark Hyman, MD, Director, Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine; author of 10-Day Detox DietIt’s difficult for many Americans, particularly in this politically charged period, to know how to think about global climate change. Often they have no contact with scientists or environmentalists, and probably little confidence in their views. But they know and trust their doctors and nurses. And they care about the health of their families. That is why Lemery and Auerbach's explanation of the link between climate change and personal health is such an important and useful contribution. And, as a bonus, it's an easy read. -- Frank Loy, Former United States Under Secretary of State for Global AffairsAn eloquent, gentle, compassionate, humble, logical and clear communication — just the sort that all of us want from our doctors. The language and logic are easy to understand and, by not being 'preachy'— the book is all the more persuasive. This is an important book that, like Atul Gawande's Being Mortal, should be read by all members of the public as well as by the medical profession. -- Hugh Montgomery, MD, FRCP, FRGS, FRSB, FFICM, Professor of Intensive Care Medicine; Director of the Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College LondonClimate scientists often speak about the impacts of climate change in reference to aspects of our ecosystem, such as rising temperatures, rising seas, and more frequent extreme weather events. In Enviromedics, Doctors Lemery and Auerbach successfully identify the ominous links between climate change and human health, including mental health. This incredibly well-researched and well-written book by subject matter experts from the health field provides great insight into why we ALL should care deeply about preventing the worst effects of climate change. -- Bill Ritter, former Governor of ColoradoDoctors Lemery and Auerbach have done the world a great service by providing a straightforward and understandable must-read book that clearly connects human health with an often overlooked and unavoidably essential variable — our environment! -- Richard Carmona, MD, MPH, FACS, 17th Surgeon General of the United States; Distinguished Professor of Public Health, University of ArizonaJay Lemery and Paul Auerbach’s book reads like the plot of a disaster movie — but that is exactly what climate change is. It brings to life the human element and the reasons why we really need to worry and take immediate action. It is a must-read for global policy makers. -- Vivek Wadhwa, Distinguished Fellow, Carnegie Mellon School of Engineering; syndicated columnist, The Washington PostThe health of humans and environmental conditions on Earth are profoundly intertwined. I am immensely impressed by this book. Enviromedics takes the reader beyond debates about environmental change and its causes to a thoughtful, science-based discussion about the relationship between climate change and human health. This is a worthy conversation to be had among health care providers, and even more importantly, among our general populations. The authors take their Hippocratic oath seriously for the benefit of society and our precious planet. -- Chad P. Dawson, Professor Emeritus, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry; Editor-in-chief, International Journal of Wilderness; co-author, Wilderness Management: Stewardship and Protection of Resources and ValuesSmoking tobacco was a scourge to human health. In January 1964, the U.S. Surgeon General issued a report on smoking and human health. This courageous physician and others spoke their minds independent from global industrial interests, and their efforts triggered a series of concerted efforts by government and nongovernmental organizations to reduce the toll of cigarette smoking. With Enviromedics, Lemery and Auerbach bring to light a considerably greater threat. They describe hazards that are associated with global warming and the consequences for humanity, whether now or in the future. “Earth will survive. It is the living creatures that may perish.” We simply cannot ignore this possibility. The authors are emergency physicians who practice on the front lines and each day see the repercussions of global climate change. As experts in wilderness medicine, they know better than most the impacts of nature on human welfare. This amazing book is worth reading for anyone who is not afraid to contemplate what we are doing and how we must reverse course for the benefit of planet Earth. -- Hermann Brugger, MD, Head of the Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC research, Bolzano, Italy; President of the International Society of Mountain MedicineEnviromedics is a very successful effort by Doctors Lemery and Auerbach that teaches us the effects and consequences of the impacts of environmental change upon human health. This comprehensive collection of information puts forth an easily understood critical concept that will undoubtedly be discussed, debated, and researched. Regardless of your opinion on climate change, it is essential to understand how environmental change could alter the reality of your day-to-day ability to function in an optimally healthy way. As physicians and global healthcare advocates, the authors make a convincing case that climate change creates definable causes and distribution of illnesses that will impact the human condition. Their point is that to treat these illnesses is not enough. The ability of mankind to survive resides in humans treating the environmental in the same way that we care for each other. If you are looking for a thorough understanding of environmental change and how it might be impacting your, your family’s, and your world’s health, this book is a must-read. -- Dan Orr, MS, President Emeritus, Divers Alert Network Foundation; President, Academy of Underwater Arts and SciencesEnviromedics is a timely and lucid account of the health effects caused by human-induced environmental change. The current and future consequences of this health crisis are widespread and monumental in their scale and scope. The world’s poorest people are the most severely impacted yet the most obviously under-addressed by anything approaching climate justice. Enviromedics should be required reading for anyone who has an interest in better understanding this unprecedented heath care crisis and how to address it. -- David Breashears, Executive Director, GlacierWorks; acclaimed filmmaker, author, and mountaineerEnviromedics is a compelling dive into the essential topic of health in a changing climate. Through a readable tour of the science and gripping examples, Lemery and Auerbach highlight the ways that shifting climate and related extreme conditions, heat waves to flooding, are affecting people. Whether the connections are direct or indirect, they are exceeding human limits for tolerance across global geographies. The authors underscore a key implication — responding effectively to the climate challenge can build vibrant societies with safety, health, and well-being at the core. -- Katharine Mach, PhD, Senior Research Scientist, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment
£28.50
CABI Publishing Urban Pest Control: A Practitioner's Guide
Book SynopsisThis guide brings together the varied and multiple skills and activities required of pest control practitioners, including biology, chemistry, architecture, engineering, sales, logistics, legal and accounting, presented with a primary emphasis on pest organisms at its core. This book provides information and tips on all of these aspects and: explores the business of controlling pests (including trends in the industry, pest control tools, and sustainable pest control); covers biological information on each pest in addition to information on control and management, monitoring and follow-up; focusses particularly on globally significant pests with internationally-applicable use and guidance; and provides practical and hands-on experience, drawing on original case studies This is a key resource for pest control practitioners, as well as in-house staff of companies or buildings involved in household or urban pest control. It is also a valuable reference for researchers, and sanitation and building managers.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Understanding the business of controlling pests Chapter 2: Household pests and their control – Cockroach Chapter 3: Household pests and their control – Flies Chapter 4: Household pests and their control – Mosquito Chapter 5: Household pests and their control – Bed bug Chapter 6: Household pests and their control – Termite Chapter 7: Sporadic pests and their control Chapter 8: Stored product pests Chapter 9: Vertebrate pest and their control – Rats Chapter 10: Methodology in pest control – Insecticide formulations Chapter 11: Methodology in pest control – Insecticide baits and baiting Chapter 12: Sift to Integrated pest management (IPM) Chapter 13: Handling pesticide
£20.89
Oxford University Press, USA Food and Nutrition
Book SynopsisFrom gluten-free to all-Paleo, GMOs to grass-fed beef, our newsfeeds abound with nutrition advice. Whether sensational headlines from the latest study or anecdotes from celebrities and food bloggers, we''re bombarded with superfoods and best ever diets promising to help us lose weight, fight disease, and live longer. At the same time, we live in an over-crowded food environment that makes it easy to eat, all the time. The result is an epidemic of chronic disease amidst a culture of nutrition confusion-and copious food choices that challenge everyday eaters just trying to get a healthy meal on the table. But the exhilarating truth is that scientists know an astounding amount about the power of food. A staggering 80% of chronic diseases are preventable through modifiable lifestyle changes, and diet is the single largest contributing factor. And we also know the secrets to eating sustainably to protect our planet. In Food & Nutrition, Harvard- and Columbia-trained nutrition scientist Dr. Table of ContentsForeword PART I. From Farm to Fork: Why What We Eat Matters Chapter 1. Introduction: Framing Today's Food and Nutrition Issues Chapter 2. Global Food and Nutrition Challenges PART II. Dining Throughout Human History: Science, Technology, Eater, Environment Chapter 3. Paleo to Present: How Revolutions, Discoveries, and Inventions Shape our Diet Chapter 4. Contemporary Food Production, Nutrition Buzzwords, and Implications for Health: Fact or Fiction? Chapter 5. Diets Today: Why We Eat the Way We Do PART III. Essential Food and Nutrition: Separating Science from Junk Science Chapter 6. Nutrition: A Brief History of Scientific Discoveries and Public Health Interventions Chapter 7. Small and Mighty: Vitamins, Minerals, and Phytonutrients Chapter 8. The Foundation of Nutrition: Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein PART IV. Food, Glorious Food Chapter 9. Vegetables, Fruits, and Health Chapter 10. The Whole (Grain) Truth Chapter 11. Beans and Peas, Legumes and Pulses, Nuts and Seeds Chapter 12. Terrestrial Animals and Animal-based Foods, Farm to Fork Chapter 13. Water Dwellers: Fish and Seafood Chapter 14. Water: Drink (and Eat) Up Chapter 15. Coffee and Tea: Impacts on Health and Environment Chapter 16. Alcohol and Health: Cheers!? Chapter 17. Sweet Drinks: Fruit Juice, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Diet Soda (Pop) PART V. Today and Tomorrow: Diets for Optimal Health, Longevity, and Sustainability Chapter 18. Putting it All Together: Creating a Health-Giving Diet That Works for You Chapter 19. Nutrition in Action: Making Health-Giving Diets a Habit, for Life Chapter 20. Conclusion Afterword
£13.79
Oxford University Press The Struggle for Health
Book SynopsisThe first edition of The Struggle for Health was published in 1985 and was widely acclaimed by those seeking a broader and deeper political understanding of ill health, beyond the medical model of care. It was a revolutionary book, charting new ways of understanding and tackling the causes of ill health, and suggesting strategies to enable health for all. This second edition includes health problems that have emerged since the 1980s, notably HIV/AIDs, COVID-19, and other epidemics, and the increase in non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It examines some of the health impacts of globalization, specifically on the food and pharmaceutical value chains, and considers the consequences of climate change on the health of populations. However, this edition does not depart from the core message of the original book: Health for All can only be achieved through a more equitable distribution of wealth, resources, and power. The Struggle for Health, Second EditioTrade ReviewThis book presents an accessible, comprehensive, and revealing analysis of the political economy of health. It provides a much-needed discussion of the alternatives to the pure capitalist approach to achieving equity in health outcomes. It provides hopeful solutions for the provision of comprehensive primary health care based on local needs. * Doody's Book Review *For years, attendees at global health conferences saw Sanders rise to ask, politely, pointed questions that many felt unable to ask. How had technology and metrics gained such prominence while engagement with communities and their local conditions and priorities were too often discounted? Sanders is now gone. But in this book, and in the work of People's Health Movement to which he devoted his final years, can be found the critical analyses, courage, and facts needed to stand up and speak truth to power. * Mary T Bassett, The Perspectives *Table of Contents1: Snapshots of (ill)health around the world 2: Global disease patterns 3: Health, population and inequality 4: The medical contribution 5: Health policies and health care in the context of neoliberal globalization 6: The commercialization of health care: Medicine, business and the state 7: Changing medicine, changing society
£37.49
OUP India Textbook of Childrens Environmental Health
Book SynopsisChildren are exquisitely sensitive to hazards in the environment. Even minute quantities of toxic chemicals can trigger cellular changes that result in disease and disability that affect children across their lifespan. New discoveries in children''s environmental health continue to elucidate the profound impacts of chemical, biological, physical and societal hazards on children''s health and guide effective intervention. Textbook of Children''s Environmental Health is the landmark textbook channeling scientific findings into evidence-based strategies in children''s environmental health. Edited by two internationally recognized pioneers in environmental pediatrics, this second edition presents up-to-date information on the chemical, biological, physical, and societal hazards that confront children in today''s world. It presents carefully documented data on rising rates of disease in children with new or expanded chapters covering the climate crisis, biodiversity, racism and environmenta
£48.99
Oxford University Press Ecological and Environmental Physiology of
Book SynopsisAmphibians are the extant descendants of the first vertebrate class to successfully colonize terrestrial environments; hence they occupy a unique position between fish and reptiles. Amphibian skin provides essentially no resistance to evaporative water loss, and consequently daily water turnover rates are an order of magnitude greater than in other terrestrial vertebrate groups. This has led to a suite of physiological, morphological and behavioural adaptations that have allowed a successful terrestrial existence in spite of this apparently spendthrift water retention strategy. Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Amphibians provides a synthesis of current research on the comparative physiology of amphibians with a particular emphasis on water balance. It adopts a strong environmental perspective and includes a wealth of information on ecology, phylogeny and development. As with other books in the Ecological and Environmental Physiology Series, the emphasis in this book is on theTrade ReviewAn important and significant resource, with an excellent review of the state of our current understanding of amphibian physiology. * BioScience *This book is full of detailed information that should make it a key reference for amphibian biologists. * The Quarterly Review of Biology *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. General Physiological Principles ; 3. Specialized Physiological Characteristics of Amphibia ; 4. Physiological Adaptations to Extreme Environments ; 5. Approaches and Techniques ; 6. Conclusions and Future Directions
£63.65
Oxford University Press Health Protection
Book SynopsisHealth Protection: Principles and practice is a practical guide for practitioners working at all levels in public health and health protection, including those with a non-specialist background. It is the first textbook in health protection to address all three domains within the field (communicable disease control; emergency preparedness, resilience and response (EPRR); and environmental public health) in a comprehensive and integrated manner. Written by leading practitioners in the field, the book is rooted in a practice-led, all-hazards approach, which allows for easy real-world application of the topics discussed.The chapters are arranged in six sections, which begin with an in-depth introduction to the principles of health protection and go on to illuminate the three key elements of the field by providing: case studies and scenarios to describe common and important issues in the practice of health protection; health protection tools, which span epidemiology and statistics, infection control, immunisation, disease surveillance, and audit and service improvement; and evidence about new and emerging health protection issues.It includes more than 100 health protection checklists (SIMCARDs), covering infections from anthrax to yellow fever, non-infectious diseases emergencies and environmental hazards. Written from first-hand experience of managing communicable diseases these provide practical, stand-alone quick reference guides for in-practice use.Both the topical content of Health Protection: Principles and practice, and the clearly described health protection principles the book provides, makes it a highly relevant resource for wider public health and health protection professionals in this continually evolving field.Trade ReviewOverall, I would recommend [Health Protection: Principles and Practice] as an introduction, easy refresher and handy quick reference. * Anil Adisesh, Occupational Medicine *Health Protection: Principles and Practice is likely to be of value to a wider, global audience because of its all-hazards scope: it covers communicable disease surveillance/control, emergency preparedness, resilience and response, and environmental public health activities that in many countries are the responsibility of different organisations. * Health Protection Report, Public Health England *This book is easy both to read and to use as a day-to-day reference. Use of sub-sections and bullet points makes it easy for the reader to quickly locate the desired information. In many chapters scenarios are used to put the reader into real life situations. I think that these would be particularly valuable as a teaching aid for trainees, but they are relevant to all readers. * Philip Milner, Journal of Hospital Infection *The book contains useful case studies on dealing with outbreaks and more than a hundred health protection checklists crossing the gamut of injections disease from avian influenza to viral haemorrhagic fevers. It would be more than worth its price for these alone. * William Hatchett, Environmental Health News *This book was really well thought out. To an impressive degree, because many textbooks are dense, wordy, appealing to an enthusiast for the subject, but a slog for non-experts. By contrast, this one seems designed precisely to meet all the needs of someone on their first day in a health protection job, worried they will be faced with a really difficult scenario. * Andy Beckingham, Public Health Today *Table of ContentsPRELIMS; SECTION 1: THE BASICS; SECTION 2: INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL CASE STUDIES AND SCENARIOS; SECTION 3: EMERGENCY DREPAREDNESS, RESILIENCE AND RESPONSE (EPRR), AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY CASE STUDIES AND SCENARIOS; SECTION 4: ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE CASE STUDIES AND SCENARIOS; SECTION 5: HEALTH PROTECTION TOOLS; SECTION 6: NEW AND EMERGING HEALTH PROTECTION ISSUES; APPENDICES; GLOSSARY; INDEX
£74.42
Oxford University Press, USA Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Birds
Book SynopsisBirds have colonized almost every terrestrial habitat on the planet - from the poles to the tropics, and from deserts to high mountain tops. Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Birds focuses on our current understanding of the unique physiological characteristics of birds that are of particular interest to ornithologists, but also have a wider biological relevance. An introductory chapter covers the basic avian body plan and their still-enigmatic evolutionary history. The focus then shifts to a consideration of the essential components of that most fundamental of avian attributes: the ability to fly. The emphasis here is on feather evolution and development, flight energetics and aerodynamics, migration, and as a counterpoint, the curious secondary evolution of flightlessness that has occurred in several lineages. This sets the stage for subsequent chapters, which present specific physiological topics within a strongly ecological and environmental framework. These include gas exTrade ReviewThis book is a comprehensive monograph on all the aspects of the molecular reaction dynamics and is useful for all the specialists in physico-chemical and chemical fields. * Corina Cernatescu, IASI Polytechnic Magazine *Table of Contents1. Introduction - Blueprint of a Bird (Bauplan/Body plan) ; 2. General Physiological Principles ; 3. Physiological Bases of Fecundity/Longevity Tradeoffs ; 4. Adaptations: Obtaining and Processing Food ; 5. Adaptations: Living in Specific Environments ; 6. Adaptations: Neural and Sensory ; 7. Adaptations: Developmental Physiology ; 8. Approaches and Techniques ; 9. Conclusions and Future Directions ; References ; Index
£123.75
Oxford University Press Global Public Health
Book SynopsisGlobal Public Health: a new era is a comprehensive updated account of the international state of public health, including an agenda for improving the practice of the discipline across the world. It addresses three major issues:- the changing global context for public health- the state of public health theory and practice in developed and developing countries; and- strategies for strengthening the practice of public healthSection one surveys the complex old and new challenges facing public health practitioners, and then summarises the state of health globally using new data based on measures of the Global Burden of Disease developed by the Word Health Organization, and other groups, to better describe population health states and trends.Section two presents the first detailed review of the global state of public health. It analyses the public health situation in all regions of the world. Six chapters cover Europe, Latin America, and Australia and New Zealand.. Three chapters cover ChinaTrade ReviewThis book presents a very comprehensive account of public health from a global perspective. * BMA Medical Book Competition *Table of Contents1. The global context for public health ; 2. Current global health status ; 3. Public health in the UK ; 4. Public health in Sweden: facts, visions and lessons ; 5. Public health in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union ; 6. Improving Canada's response to public health challenges: the creation of a new public health agency ; 7. Public health in Latin America ; 8. Public health in Africa ; 9. Public Health in China: history and contemporary challenges ; 10. Public health in South Asia ; 11. Public health in Australia and New Zealand ; 12. Ethical issues in global public health ; 13. Putting the public into public health: towards a more people-centred approach ; 14. Strengthening public health for the new era
£62.10
MIT Press Ltd An Underground Guide to Sewers Or Down Through
Book SynopsisA global guide to sewers that celebrates the magnificently designed and engineered structures beneath the world's great cities.The sewer, in all its murkiness, filthiness, and subterranean seclusion, has been an evocative (and redolent) literary device, appearing in works by writers ranging from Charles Dickens to Graham Greene. This entertaining and erudite book provides the story behind, or beneath, these stories, offering a global guide to sewers that celebrates the magnificently designed and engineered structures that lie underneath the world's great cities. Historian Stephen Halliday leads readers on an expedition through the execrable evolution of waste management—the open sewers, the cesspools, the nightsoil men, the scourge of waterborne diseases, the networks of underground piping, the activated sludge, the fetid fatbergs, and the sublime super sewers.Halliday begins with sanitation in the ancient cities of Mesopotamia, Greece, and Imperial Rome, and con
£23.70
Yale University Press Health and LowFrequency Electromagnetic Fields
Book SynopsisThe author evaluates the properties of low-frequency electromagnetic fields and their interactions with the human body, exploring the possible link to cancer, and concludes that the health risks from these interactions have been vastly overstated.Table of ContentsThe nature of low-frequency electromagnetic fields; sources of low-frequency fields; natural sources of exposure; the coupling of electromagnetic fields to the body; natural sources of noise; observed interactions with electromagnetic fields; questions for future research.
£25.60
John Wiley & Sons Inc Air Travel and Health
Book SynopsisProviding a detailed examination of the issues that affect the long term health of aircrew, cabin crew and passengers, Air Travel and Health offers guidance to engineers designing aircraft in the difficult field of legislation and product liability. Examining the facts, anecdotes and myths associated with health and travel, Seabridge and Morgan draw balanced conclusions on which the aircraft operations and design communities can act to provide cost-effective solutions. The authors present a useful reference for aircrew, regulatory authorities, engineers and managers within the aerospace industry, and medical and human factor specialists, as well as an informative resource for undergraduate and graduate students.Trade Review"As a result, I was delighted to receive for review this book written by two well respected flight systems engineers recently retired from the UK aviation industry." (The Aeronautical Journal , 1 December 2011) "This is an insightful book, one which should give its intended audience - and interested passengers - pause for thought." (RoSPA Occupational Safety & Health Journal, 1 May 2011) "Seabridge, a retired chief flight systems engineer, and Morgan who is affiliated with Copycat Communications Ltd. investigate common complaints, the evidence, the biological and environmental dimensions that might be involved, and possible solutions to air travel's affect on health. The topics are some minor ailments, air quality, deep vein thrombosis, noise and vibration, exposure to radiation, back and neck pain, military issues, workstation use, the regulation and control of risks to health, and the design process." (Reference and Research Book News, February 2011) "The authors present a useful reference for aircrew, regulatory authorities, engineers and managers within the aerospace industry, and medical and human factor specialists, as well as an informative resource for undergraduate and graduate students." (Asiaing.com, 10 November 2010) Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xv Preface xvii Series Preface xix Acknowledgements xxi Acronyms and Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Factors Affecting Health 2 1.2 The System of Interest 2 1.2.1 The Operating Environment 2 1.2.2 The Atmosphere 3 1.2.3 The Aircraft Inhabitants 4 1.2.4 Sources of Environmental Stimuli 5 1.3 The Aircraft 6 1.3.1 Military Aircraft 6 1.3.2 Commercial Aircraft 8 1.4 Design Considerations 10 1.5 Summary 14 References 16 Further Reading 16 Useful Web Sites 16 2 Some ‘Minor’ Ailments 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.1.1 Health Information 17 2.1.2 Considering the Whole Trip 18 2.1.3 Some Symptoms Reported by Travellers 18 2.1.4 Health Risks 19 2.2 Some Common Conditions of Air Travel 20 2.2.1 General Discomfort 20 2.2.2 Jet Lag (Circadian Dysrhythmia) 21 2.2.3 Fear of Flying (Aerophobia) 23 2.2.4 Discomfort of the Ears 23 References 25 Further Reading 25 Useful Web Sites 26 3 Air Quality 27 3.1 The Environment 28 3.1.1 The Atmosphere 28 3.1.2 Air Quality 28 3.1.3 Cabin Air Supply 29 3.1.4 Sources of Contamination 29 3.2 Aircraft Environments 31 3.2.1 Commercial Aircraft 31 3.2.2 Military Aircraft 33 3.3 Environmental Control Systems 36 3.3.1 Air Cooling 36 3.3.2 Air Distribution 36 3.4 Health Issues 40 3.4.1 Effects of Contamination 41 3.4.2 Aerotoxic Syndrome 41 3.4.3 At Risk on the Ground? 47 3.4.4 Spreading Illness 47 3.5 System Implications 48 3.5.1 Contaminants 48 3.5.2 Future Systems 51 3.6 Request for Further Information 55 References 56 Further Reading 57 Useful Web Sites 58 4 Deep Vein Thrombosis 59 4.1 Introduction 59 4.1.1 How Common Is It? 61 4.1.2 How Long Is a Long Flight? 62 4.2 The Environment 62 4.3 Aircraft Environments 63 4.3.1 Commercial Aircraft 63 4.3.2 Large Military Aircraft 64 4.3.3 Fast-Jet Military Aircraft 67 4.4 The System 67 4.4.1 Commercial Aircraft 67 4.4.2 Military Aircraft 68 4.5 Health Issues 69 4.5.1 Cabin Altitude and Pressure 70 4.5.2 SoWho Is at Risk? 71 4.5.3 Summary of Risks 72 4.6 System Implications 73 4.6.1 Litigation 73 4.6.2 Preventative Measures 74 4.6.3 Advice to Passengers 74 4.6.4 Continuing Work 76 References 77 Further Reading 78 Useful Web Sites 78 5 Noise and Vibration 79 5.1 The Environment 81 5.2 Aircraft Environment 82 5.2.1 Commercial Aircraft 82 5.2.2 Military Aircraft 83 5.3 Health Issues 85 5.3.1 Hearing 85 5.3.2 Vibration 85 5.4 System Implications 86 5.4.1 Limiting Flying Hours 86 5.4.2 Active Noise Cancellation 87 5.4.3 Microphone Disabling 87 5.4.4 Personal Noise Management 87 5.4.5 Risk Assessment 88 References 88 Further Reading 88 Useful Web Sites 88 6 Exposure to Radiation 89 6.1 The Environment 89 6.1.1 Cosmic Radiation 90 6.1.2 Radiation in Space 92 6.1.3 Non-ionising Radiation 92 6.2 The Aircraft Environment 93 6.2.1 Ionising Radiation from Space 93 6.2.2 Non-ionising RF Radiation 94 6.2.3 Understanding the Risk in Commercial Aircraft 97 6.2.4 Understanding the Risk in Military Aircraft 99 6.3 Aircraft Systems 100 6.4 Health Issues 101 6.4.1 Risk of Cancer 101 6.4.2 Risks to Female Crew Members 103 6.4.3 Risks to Passengers 103 6.4.4 Eye Damage 104 6.4.5 Damage to Life Support Equipment 104 6.5 System Implications 104 6.5.1 Legislation 104 6.5.2 Mitigating Action 108 6.6 Future Developments 109 References 110 Further Reading 112 Useful Web Sites 112 7 Back and Neck Pain 113 7.1 Back Pain 113 7.1.1 Lower Back Pain 113 7.1.2 Posture 114 7.1.3 Back Pain and Military Aircraft 114 7.1.4 Helicopter Pilots 115 7.1.5 Posture and Pain 117 7.2 Neck Strain 120 7.3 Commercial Aircraft Issues 122 7.3.1 Flight Attendants 122 7.3.2 Passengers 123 7.4 Lumbar Support 123 7.5 Advice for Passengers 125 References 126 Further Reading 127 8 Military Issues 129 8.1 The Cockpit Environment 130 8.2 Effects of Acceleration 133 8.3 Pressure Oxygen Breathing and Hypoxia 136 8.3.1 Hypoxia 136 8.3.2 Decompression Sickness 137 References 137 Further Reading 138 Useful Web Sites 138 9 Workstation Use 139 9.1 The Environment 140 9.2 Aircraft Environments 141 9.2.1 Commercial Aircraft 141 9.2.2 Military Aircraft 142 9.3 The System 143 9.4 Health Issues 146 9.4.1 Sight 146 9.4.2 Posture 147 9.4.3 Back and Neck Pain 147 9.4.4 Vibration 148 9.5 System Implications 148 Reference 150 Further Reading 150 Useful Web Sites 150 10 Regulation and Control of Risks to Health 151 10.1 General 151 10.2 Legislative Framework 152 10.2.1 Health and Safety 153 10.2.2 EU Legislation 154 10.2.3 Environmental Legislation 156 10.2.4 Air Navigation Order 157 10.2.5 Duty of Care 157 10.3 Summary of Legal Threats 157 10.3.1 Criminal Prosecution 157 10.3.2 Civil Lawsuits 158 10.3.3 Customer/Public Relations 158 10.4 Issues Arising 158 11 The Design Process 161 11.1 Control of Risk 161 11.1.1 Governance 161 11.1.2 Company Policy 162 11.1.3 Company Procedures 162 11.2 Design 162 11.2.1 Standards 162 11.2.2 Good Practice 163 11.2.3 Design and Qualification Process 163 11.3 Application 174 11.3.1 Incorporation 175 11.3.2 Operations 175 11.4 Feedback 175 11.4.1 Public Comment 176 11.4.2 Complaints 176 11.4.3 Litigation 176 Reference 177 12 Summary and Conclusions 179 12.1 Integration Effects 180 12.2 Predisposition 182 12.2.1 The Travel Experience 183 12.2.2 Genetic Factors 183 12.2.3 Public Health 183 12.3 Domestic Circumstances 183 12.3.1 Carrying and Lifting 184 12.3.2 Do-It-Yourself (DIY) 184 12.3.3 Noisy Pursuits 184 12.3.4 Lifestyle Factors 184 12.3.5 Water Sports 185 12.3.6 Obesity 185 12.4 Comparison with General Public Health Conditions 185 12.4.1 Sick Building Syndrome 185 12.4.2 Myalgic Encephalomyletis (ME) or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) 186 12.4.3 WiFi Sensitivity 187 12.4.4 Electrical Power Line Sensitivity 188 12.4.5 New Car Syndrome 189 12.4.6 Household and Industrial Cleaning Products 190 12.4.7 Discussion 191 12.5 Serious Conditions 191 12.6 Advice to Industry 191 12.6.1 Processes and Procedures 192 12.6.2 Independent Medical Advice 193 12.6.3 Research 193 12.6.4 Seeing the ‘Big Picture’ 193 12.7 Advice to Operators 195 12.7.1 Promote Awareness 195 12.7.2 Independent Medical Advice 195 12.7.3 Research 195 12.8 Advice to Travellers 195 12.8.1 Obtain Medical Advice 196 12.8.2 Improve Awareness 196 12.9 What Can Be Done? 199 12.10 Finally 204 References 204 Further Reading 205 Useful Web Sites 205 Bibliography 207 Index 217
£85.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Vanadium in the Environment Part 2
Book SynopsisUp-to-date coverage of vanadium research--in two accessible, self-contained volumes Vanadium in the Environment brings together the contributions of leading experts on the chemical and toxicological aspects of vanadium exposure and its effects on aquatic and terrestrial environments, human health, and wildlife. This second volume focuses on health effects and toxicology in living organisms, while Part One concentrates on chemistry and biochemistry. Topics in this second volume include: Health effects of environmental exposure to vanadium toxicology of vanadium in mammals Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity of vanadium Baseline vanadium levels and exposure tests in humans Vanadium and metabolic problems Vanadium and its significance in animal cell metabolism Hematological effects of vanadium in living organisms Genetic toxicology of vanadium compounds Vanadium and the cardiovascular system: reTable of ContentsHealth Effects of Environmental Exposure to Vanadium (J. Lener, etal.). Toxicology of Vanadium in Mammals (K. Thompson, et al.). Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Vanadium (A.Leonard & G. Gerber). Vanadium Exposure Tests in Humans: Hair, Nails, Blood, and Urine(J. Kucera, et al.). Baseline Vanadium Levels in Human Blood, Serum, and Urine (J.Kucera & E. Sabbioni). Vanadium and Metabolic Problems (V. Sitprija & S.Eiam-Ong). Vanadium and Its Significance in Animal Cell Metabolism (H.Zaporowska & A. Scibior). Hematological Effects of Vanadium on Living Organisms (H.Zaporowska & A. Scibior). Genetic Toxicology of Vanadium Compounds (M. Altamirano-Lozano, etal.). Vanadium and the Cardivascular System: Regulatory Effects andToxicity (M. Carmignani, et al.). Effects of Vanadate in Adrenal Gland of Mammals (M. Fauth, etal.). Oxidative Strees and Pro-Oxidant Biological Effects of Vanadium (J.Byczkowski & A. Kulkarni). Endocrine Control of Vanadium Accumulation (F. Hamel). Mechanisms of Actions of Vanadium in Mediating the BiologicalEffects of Insulin (G. Elberg, et al.). Antidiabetic Action of Vanadium Complexes in Animals: Blood GlucoseNormalizing Effect, Organ Distribution of Vanadium, and Mechanismfor Insulin-Mimetic Action (H. Sakurai & A. Tsuji). Vanadium Detoxification (E. Baran). Vanadium--A New Tool for Cancer Prevention (M. Chatterjee & A.Bishayee). Index.
£209.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Air Toxic Risk Assessment and Management
Book SynopsisThe practice of performing and managing regulatory air toxic risk assessments requires an exceptionally broadbase of understanding. The information and hands-on skills needed to evaluate the effects of air toxic emissions on human health derive from a broad range of disciplines: engineering, the physical and biological sciences, probability, statistics, and medicine. Dr. Lawrence Gratt''s Air Toxic Risk Assessment and Management provides a comprehensive study of the subject of risk assessment, showing how the various disciplines are integrated to carry out this complex process. No other resource combines the basic science underlying risk assessment with the techniques needed to perform the analyses.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Risk Assessment. Health Risk Formulation. Source Terms--Emission of Air Toxics. Atmospheric Dispersion. Exposure. Dose-Response, Epidemiology, and Pharmacokinetics. Risk Estimation and Measures. Risk: Issues, Perceptions, and Communication. Risk Management and Air Toxic Controls. Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment. Appendices. Answers to Selected Exercises. Index.
£124.15
John Wiley & Sons Inc Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment
Book SynopsisEnvironmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment Tim Aldrich and Jack Griffith Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment addresses the historical development of environmental epidemiology, touching on recent sensationalized environmental tragedies such as Love Canal and Chernobyl.Table of ContentsPublic Awareness, Federal Policy, and Environment Epidemiology. Epidemiology: The Environmental Influence. Epidemiologic Research Methods. Disease Clusters. Surveillance Activities in Disease and Exposure Situations. Characterizing Human Exposure. Laboratory Practice. Biomarkers in Environmental Epidemiology. Disease and the Environment. Risk Assessment. Public Communication, Participation, Risk Management. Legal Aspects of Environmental Epidemiology. Index.
£128.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc NonIonizing Radiation Protection
Book SynopsisA comprehensive review of non-ionizing radiation and its public health and environmental risks, for researchers, policy makers, and laymen This book explains the characteristics of all forms of electromagnetic non-ionizing radiation (NIR) and analyzes the relationship between exposure and its biological effects, as well as the known dose-response relationships associated with each. Taking a uniquely holistic approach to the concept of health that builds upon the WHO definition to include not only absence of disease, but the physical, mental and social well-being of individuals and the population, it reviews established and potential risks and protections, along with regulatory issues associated with each. The risks to public health of NIR, whether in the form of UV light, radio waves from wireless devices, or electric and magnetic fields associated with electrical power systems, is currently a cause of great concern among members of the public and lawmakers. ButTable of ContentsList of Contributors xxiii Foreword xxvii Acknowledgments xxix Introduction xxxi 1 Overview: The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Nonionizing Radiation 1Andrew Wood and Colin Roy Part I Hazard Identification and Assessment: What are the Dangers and How are the Sources Dangerous? 11 2 Hazard Identification: Laboratory Investigation 13Andrew Wood 3 Hazard Identification: Epidemiological Studies and Their Interpretation 26Mark Elwood Part II Ultraviolet (UV) Light 47 4 UVR and Short-Term Hazards to the Skin and Eyes 49Colin Roy and Peter Gies 5 Ultraviolet: Long-Term Risks and Benefits 67Mark Elwood 6 UV Guidelines and Protection Policies 76Peter Gies and Colin Roy 7 UV Measurements 94Peter Gies and Colin Roy Part III Visible and Infrared (IR) Light 111 8 Laser and Visible Radiation Hazards to the Eye and Skin 113Claire Lyngå and David Urban 9 Infrared Radiation and Biological Hazards 134Stephen Newbery 10 Laser and Optical Radiation Guidelines 145David Urban and John Javorniczky 11 Laser Measurements 152David Urban and John Javorniczky Part IV Radiofrequency (RF) and Microwave Radiation 163 12 Thermal Effects of Microwave and Radiofrequency Radiation 165Kenneth R. Foster 13 RF Guidelines and Standards 186Andrew Wood 14 Assessing RF Exposure: Fields, Currents, and SAR 205Steve Iskra, Robert L. McIntosh and Andrew Wood 15 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity Radiofrequency Fields and Diseases in Humans 226Mark Elwood 16 Possible Low-Level Radiofrequency Effects 239Andrew Wood Part V Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields 257 17 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Induced Current Hazard 259Andrew Wood 18 Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Guidelines 281Andrew Wood 19 Instrumentation and Measurement of ELF Electric and Magnetic Fields 298Thanh Dovan and Ken Karipidis 20 Epidemiological Studies of Low-Intensity ELF Fields and Diseases in Humans 313Mark Elwood 21 Possible Low-Level Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Field Effects? 322Andrew Wood Part VI Static Electric and Magnetic Fields 339 22 Static Electric and Magnetic Field Hazards 341Ken Karipidis 23 Static Electric and Magnetic Field Guidelines 357Ken Karipidis Part VII Dealing with Hazard Perception 363 24 Perceived Hypersensitivity: Anecdotal Versus Objective Evidence 365Adam Verrender, Anna Dalecki, Sarah P. Loughran and Rodney J. Croft 25 Prudent Avoidance 384Kevin Nuttall, Paul Flanagan and Garry Melik 26 Radiofrequency Fields and the Precautionary Principle 405Kenneth R. Foster 27 How to Handle Precaution 430Ken Karipidis and Rick Tinker Part VIII NIR Injury Prevention and Medical Assessment 443 28 Medical Aspects of Overexposures to Nonionizing Radiation 445Bruce Hocking 29 Preventive Surveillance Programs 456Sue Heward, David Urban and Ray McKenzie Part IX Legal and Community Issues 479 30 Public Consultation and Dissemination of Information. Risk Perception. Public Involvement in Decision-Making Regarding Placement of Broadcast Antennas and Power Transmission Lines 481Michael Dolan 31 Mitigating Nonionizing Radiation Risks 496David Urban, Michael Bangay and Thanh Dovan 32 Some of the Controversies Regarding NIR 526Andrew Wood, Ken Karipidis and Michael Dolan 33 Summary and Prospects 540Andrew Wood and Ken Karipidis Appendix A Answers to Tutorial Problems 548 Appendix B List of Suppliers of Survey Equipment 558 Appendix C Websites for Further Information 560 Index 563
£116.96
Random House USA Inc Allergic
Book SynopsisAn ?important and deeply researched? (The Wall Street Journal) exploration of allergies, from their first medical description in 1819 to the cutting-edge science that is illuminating the changes in our environment and lifestyles that are making so many of us sickHay fever. Peanut allergies. Eczema. Either you have an allergy or you know someone who does. Billions of people worldwide?an estimated 30 to 40 percent of the global population?have some form of allergy. Even more concerning, over the last decade the number of people diagnosed with an allergy has been steadily increasing, placing an ever-growing medical burden on individuals, families, communities, and healthcare systems.Medical anthropologist Theresa MacPhail, herself an allergy sufferer whose father died of a beesting, set out to understand why. In pursuit of answers, MacPhail studied the dangerous experiments of early immunologists as well as the mind-bending recent development of biologics and immunotherapies that are giving the most severely impacted patients hope. She scaled a roof with an air-quality controller who diligently counts pollen by hand for hours every day; met a mother who struggled to use WIC benefits for her daughter with severe food allergies; spoke with doctors at some of the finest allergy clinics in the world; and discussed the intersecting problems of climate change, pollution, and pollen with biologists who study seasonal respiratory allergies.This is the story of allergies: what they are, why we have them, and what that might mean about the fate of humanity in a rapidly changing world.
£21.74
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Ecosystem Health
Book SynopsisPresents information to help environmental scientists further understand the relationships between ecosystem health and human health by exploring preventative, diagnostic and prognostic aspects of ecosystem management. The book uses case study examples to explain both theory and practiceTable of ContentsNeed For A New Paradigm. Pressures On The Environment. Ecosystem Pathology. Shortcomings Of Present Approaches To Environmental Management. Limitations Of Economic Approaches. Limitations Of The Ecological Approaches. Limitations Of The Engineering Model. The Need For Integrative Knowledge. Defining Ecosystem Health. Ecosystem Health As A Metaphor. What Is Implied By The Health Metaphor At The Ecosystem Level. What Is Not Implied By The Health Metaphor At The Ecosystem Level. Ecosystem Health As A Societal Goal. Ecosystem Health As A Transdisciplinary Science. Criteria For Ecosystem Health. Vigor. Resilience. Organization. Maintenance Of Ecological Services. Management Options. Reduced Subsidy. Damage To Neighbouring Systems. Human Health Effects. Dimensions Of Ecosystem Health. Introduction. Biophysical Dimension. Socioeconomic Dimension. Human Health Dimension. Spatial/Temporal Dimension. Stress And Response. Single Stressors. Multiple Stressors. Answering The Critics. Interfacing Societal Values And Science. Distinguishing Between Health, Integrity And Sustainable Development. Ecosystem Health The Last Frontier Of Medicine. References. Part II: Approaches To Assessing The Health Of Ecosystems; Assessment By Whom, For Who, To What Ends?; The Ecosocial Dynamics Of Rural Systems:. Introduction. Pre-Modern Social Systems. The Emergence Of A Crisis Of Rural Life. The Dynamics Of Rural Poverty. The Dual Economy: A Modern Alternative For Sustainable Development. Assessing Ecosystem Health Across Spatial Scales. Introduction. Defining The Context: Ecosystem Health And Ecosocial Scale. Spatial Scalilng Of Ecosocial Complexes. The Range Of Scales: The Taiga As An Example. Criteria Of Ecosystem Health. Concluding Remarks: An Emphatic "No!" To Shallow Anthropocentrism. The Efforts Of Community Volunteers In Assessing Watershed Ecosystem Health. Introduction. Empowering Community Groups. River Watch Network; Watershed Ecosystem Health. Indicators Of Watershed Ecosystem Health. Physical Indicators. Chemical Indicators. Biological Indicators. Human Health Indicators. Human Use And Perception Indicators. Selecting Indicators. Volunteer Water Monitoring. Case Studies. Southwest: Isleta Pueblow And The Rio Grande. The US Mexico Border: The Rio Bravo River Watchers. New England: The Connecticut River Watch Program. New England: The Mystic River Watch. The Merrimack River Voluneer Environmental Monitoring Network. Case Conclusions. Conclusions. References. Assessing Cumulative Health Effects In Ecosystems. Cumulative Effects: Background And Definition. Understanding Casualty And Feedback In Assessing Cumulative Effects. Diagnostic Approaches; Loop Analysis Methodology. Core Loop Models From Data Sets. Core Models Of Marine Communities. Cumulative Effects Assessment For The Northumberland Strait. Fish Landings. Loop Analysis Models Of Key Relationships. Combined Fisheries Foodwebs Illustrating Benthic-Pelagic Coupling. Summary Of Results. Integrating Health Surveillance And Environmental Monitoring. Emerging Infectious Disease And Global Change. Introduction. Climate Change And Disease. Montane Regions. Marine Ecosystems. Global Change, Biodiversity And Marine-Related Disease. Climate Variability And Epidemics. Minimum Temperatures. Biodiversity And Emerging Infectious Diseases. Evolutionary Biology: The Environment And Disease Emergence; Ecology, Pests And Terrestrial Ecosystems. R-Selected And K-Selected Species. Cumulative Ecological Impacts Of Global Change. Synergies And Pests. Ocean Warming. Decadal Variability. Discontinuities. Costs Of Epidemics. Integrated Assessment And Monitoring. Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment. Biological Indicators For Integrated Monitoring. New Methodologies For Surveillance And Integrated Monitoring. An Historical Note On Infectious Disease Pandemics. Conclusions. Qualitative Mathematics For Understanding, Prediction And Intervention In Complex Systems. Some Methods Of Qualitative Analysis. The Indicators Of Qualitative Dynamics. Local Stability. Signed Digraphs. Resistance. Osillations. Correlation Patterns. Time Averaging. Validation Of Indicators. Inroduction. Benchmark Sites. Field Measurements. Computing Indicator Metrics. Paleoecology: A Diagnostic Approach To Assessing Ecosysem Health. Introduction. Paleolimnology. Paleolimnological Approach. Interpreting Information In Sediment Cores. Quantitative Inference. References. Ecological Risk Assessment, A Predictive Approach To Assessing Ecosystem Health. Introduction. Stages In Ecological Risk Assessment. Uncertainty In Risk Assessments. Uncertainty And Scale. Ecosystem Health And Self-Interest. Conclusions. References. Part III: Ecosystem Health And Sustainability; What Is Sustainability?. Introduction. Defining And Predicting Sustainability. When?. What System?. How Long?. Conclusions. Predictors Of Ecosystem Health. Measuring Vigor. Measuring Organization. Measuring Resilience. Social Decision Making. Using Models To Build Consensus. A Three-Step Modeling Process. Scoping And Consensus-Building Models. Research Models. Management Models. Toward Global Ecosystem Health And Sustainability: The Importance Of Envisioning. Part IV: Case Studies; The Chesapeake Bay And Its Watershed: A Model For Sustainable Ecosystem Management?. Introduction. A Summary Of The Problem. The Chesapeake Bay And Its Watershed. History Of The Bay And Its Watershed; Principal Uses And Problems Of The Chesapeake Bay. The Bay And Its Watershed As A System. Summary. Evolution Of Chesapeake Bay Management. Barriers And Bridges To Improved Management. Social Traps. Building Bridges With Incentives. Summary And Synthesis. References. Paleolimnological Assessments Of Ecosystem Health: Lake Acidification In Adirondack Park Introduction. The Acidification Of Deep Lake Regional Changes In Lake Acidification. Regional Changes In Lake Acidification. References. The Desert Grasslands. Characteristics Of The Ecosystem. History Of Degradation. Rangeland Rehavilitation. References. Health Of Some Cuban Forest Ecosystems. Introduction. Current Condition And Pressures On Cuban Ecosystems. Socio-Historical Stresses. Natural And Anthropogenic Perturbations Affecting Existing Cumban Ecosystems. Meteorological Perturbations. Ecosystem Research And Monitoring. The Sierra Del Rosario Biosphere Reserve. Methodology. Results. Conclusions. The Island Group Sabana-Camaguey Mangroves. Description And Observations. Conclusions. Summary. Critical Regions, A Profile Of The Honduras. Introduction. Deforestation And Natural Disasters. Increases In Infectious Disease. Water-Borne Infections. Vector-Borne Disease. Leishmaniasis. La Mosca Blanca. Clinical Impacts. Conclusions. Who Framed The Kyronjoki?. The Facts. The Suspects. The Options. The Decision Problems. The Future. References
£83.66
Harvard University Press Particles in Our Air
Book SynopsisGenerated by the use of fossil energy, respirable-sized particles pose a major threat to our environment and health. In this book the hypothesis that fossil fuels are the primary culprit is examined in detail, including the nature, generation, and transport of particulate air pollution.Trade ReviewThis edited volume on the health effects of air contaminants reflects the combined wisdom of twelve prominent academics...For those involved in air quality research or management, or for those teaching air quality measurement in the classroom, this is an essential book...It is a good high-level textbook, inexpensive and well-presented. -- Dona Schneider * The Environmentalist [UK] *Provides the best scientific attempt to estimate the level of fine particle exposure indoors, based on their outdoor concentration. However, these authors agree that fixed monitoring stations are poor surrogates for exposure to people...[Particles in Our Air] must be considered one of the clearest descriptions of scientific aspects of particles in air. Although the authors represent a specific scientific point of view, they are clearly leaders in their respective fields. This book is highly recommended. -- A. Alan Moghissi, Editor-in-Chief * Environment International *By controlling emissions and by dispensing pollutants, we have reduced their concentration. However, expanding population and energy demands have ensured that air pollution remains one of the most important environmental challenges faced by mankind. Drs. Spengler and Wilson have performed a unique service by bringing together in a most coherent way the thoughts of the most prominent researchers in this field. It gives context to today's concerns as we worry about "how far to go?" for particulate matter, ozone, SOx, NOx, VOCs and more. It's a must read not only for practitioners, regulators, the regulated and legislators, but for "students" of all inclinations who want to learn more about this fascinating field. -- The Honorable Don Ritter, Chairman, National Environmental Policy Institute, Former CongressmanLong before the publication of this invaluable volume, Richard Wilson and John Spengler were among the leaders in drawing constructive worldwide attention to the health effects of minute airborne particles. This volume confirms my earlier view that we have no better teachers on this crucial issue. They have produced a timely, compelling and lucid treatment of a public-health challenge that urgently merits everyone's attention. -- Ralph Cavanagh, Energy Program Director for the Natural Resources, Defense Council, and Visiting Professor, Stanford Law SchoolWritten by the leading scholars, this book is a masterful summary of the scientific literature on the health effects of air pollution. It explores what is known, what is controversial, and the scientific basis for the health effects, including lessons from animal and clinical studies. The book begins and ends with the public policy issues, building the case for more stringent control of air pollutants. -- Professor Lester Lave, Carnegie Mellon UniversityParticles in Our Air provides a timely and authoritative discussion of what is potentially the most serious pollution problem confronting us at the close of the twentieth century. The book discusses in detail the types, source, characterization, and measurement of airborne particles, the evidence linking such particles to the causation of various diseases, and the implications of data suggesting that existing concentrations of the particles may cause up to 60,000 deaths per year in the U.S. In view of the growing national and international concern about the impacts of airborne particles on human health, this volume should be of interest to a wide readership and should constitute an invaluable source book for health professionals, environmentalists, and others working in the field. -- Dr. Arthur C. Upton, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Center, Formerly Director, National Cancer Institute
£16.16
University Press of Kansas The Hanford Plaintiffs Voices from the Fight for
Book SynopsisFor more than four decades, the Hanford nuclear weapons facility in Washington State secretly blanketed much of the Pacific Northwest with low-dose ionizing radiation, the byproduct of plutonium production. Trisha Pritikin tells the devastating story of those who were harmed in Hanford's wake and, seeking justice, were subjected to more suffering.Trade ReviewThe discussion of health effects from exposure to radioactive contaminants tends to focus on acute effects--cancers and death tolls. Pritikin shows in heart-breaking detail the stockpile of health problems from exposure to radioactivity and how painfully these chronic health problems dismantle lives. A passionate and carefully researched account of the failed fight for atomic justice." - Kate Brown, author of Plutopia: Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and American Plutonium Disasters and Manual for Survival: An Environmental History of the Chernobyl Disaster"Given the current political climate--North Korea's nuclear threat, the current US administration's provocation of North Korea, the potential unraveling of Iran's nuclear deal, and the ongoing tension between India and Pakistan--Trisha Pritikin's The Hanford Plaintiffs is a timely addition to literature that has addressed the health harm caused by radiation exposure downwind of weapons' production and testing sites as well as from the use of nuclear weapons in warfare; from uranium mining, milling, or transport; from nuclear power plant accidents; and from leaking nuclear waste. Pritikin's work stands out, not only in its description of the plight of the people--called downwinders--in and around the Hanford site but also in its disclosure of the callous disregard of the US government for the innocent citizens it was supposed to protect." - Yuki Miyamoto, PhD, associate professor of religious studies, DePaul University, and author of Beyond the Mushroom Cloud"The Hanford Plaintiffs is an urgent book for our times. We think we know about Hiroshima and Nagasaki, on the one hand, and Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima on the other. We might imagine that these places stand for events safely consigned to the past or that the production of nuclear weapons and nuclear power are separate affairs. Now we are encountering, once again, cavalier talk about the use of nuclear weapons. The Hanford Plaintiffs opens our eyes to the reality of how the atomic age has played long-term, continuing havoc with whole communities, the environment, and democratic principles in the United States and throughout the world by presenting the life stories of the downwinders of the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, where the plutonium for the Nagasaki bomb was produced. Pritikin lays out her material methodically, providing the scientific, medical, legal, and historical components important to readers' full understanding." - Norma Field, PhD, professor emerita, University of Chicago, East Asian Languages and Civilizations, and author of In the Realm of a Dying Emperor: Japan at Century's End"The Hanford Plaintiffs is an extraordinary and unique exposé of the human results of deliberate releases of huge quantities of radioactive isotopes from the Hanford reactors and nuclear complex over many years of operation." - Helen Caldicott, MD
£27.71
University of Wales Press People Environment Disease and Death
Book SynopsisThis text looks at illness and death in Britain as something very dependant upon the whole environment. It adopts the environmental and geographical approach to the study of diseases and death from medieval to modern times.
£7.99
Pluto Press Genetically Modified Food A Short Guide For the
Book SynopsisThe perfect guide for anyone who wants to know more about genetically modified crops -- and why they're a problemTrade Review'A precise and accessible guide to the biotech industry's destructive control over our food' -- Green Shopping Catalogue'The book reveals evidence and proof against the claims that GM food is beneficial for people, and, rather, illuminates the advantages for big businesses of GM food, seed patenting, and agribusiness' -- Oxfam'Highly recommended!' -- Dr Arpad Pusztai, the world's leading expert on plant lectins'Lies and spin are dissected and then pulverised in this copiously documented exposé. Rees unmasks the biotech industry's horrific tactics in their race to take over our food supply and the devastation that their GM crops will inflict if we don't act quickly' -- Jeffrey M. Smith, international best-selling author, Seeds of DeceptionTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations-Acronyms 1. Introduction 2. An Overview 3. The Players 4. Exposing the Wild Claims Made by the Biotech Lobby 5. The Risks and Dangers of GMOs 6. The Biotech Lobby’s Dirty Tricks Department – Part 1 7. The Biotech Lobby’s Dirty Tricks Department – Part 2 8. Setbacks for the Biotech Lobby 9. A More Constructive Way Forward 10. A Last Word Resources References Index
£22.49
Pluto Press Genetically Modified Food A Short Guide For the
Book SynopsisThe perfect guide for anyone who wants to know more about genetically modified crops -- and why they're a problemTrade Review'A precise and accessible guide to the biotech industry's destructive control over our food' -- Green Shopping Catalogue'The book reveals evidence and proof against the claims that GM food is beneficial for people, and, rather, illuminates the advantages for big businesses of GM food, seed patenting, and agribusiness' -- Oxfam'Highly recommended!' -- Dr Arpad Pusztai, the world's leading expert on plant lectins'Lies and spin are dissected and then pulverised in this copiously documented exposé. Rees unmasks the biotech industry's horrific tactics in their race to take over our food supply and the devastation that their GM crops will inflict if we don't act quickly' -- Jeffrey M. Smith, international best-selling author, Seeds of DeceptionTable of ContentsAcknowledgements Foreword Abbreviations-Acronyms 1. Introduction 2. An Overview 3. The Players 4. Exposing the Wild Claims Made by the Biotech Lobby 5. The Risks and Dangers of GMOs 6. The Biotech Lobby’s Dirty Tricks Department – Part 1 7. The Biotech Lobby’s Dirty Tricks Department – Part 2 8. Setbacks for the Biotech Lobby 9. A More Constructive Way Forward 10. A Last Word Resources References Index
£68.00
McFarland & Company Environmentally Induced Illnesses
Book SynopsisThe first book to directly address the ethical dimension of managing environmental health and ubiquitous toxicants. The work includes medical literature on chronic health effects from exposure to toxicants and the social costs of these disorders; relevant historic and human rights documents; and primary obstacles faced by public health advocates.
£20.89
Rutgers University Press When the Air Became Important A Social History
Book SynopsisJanet Greenlees examines the working environments of the heartlands of the British and American cotton textile industries from the nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. She contends that the air quality within these pioneering workplaces was a key contributor to the health of the wider communities of which they were a part.Trade Review"This is a promising, important, and long-awaited project—the first comparative history of industry-related hazards in the United States and Britain. The author has synthesized a vast body of research, much of it her own original work. At once comprehensive and selective, When the Air Became Important is illuminating scholarship." -- Chris Sellers * Stony Brook University *"In this truly comparative social and environmental history of air pollution, Greenlees deftly weaves public health, regulatory politics and labor relations into a prescient reminder that protecting workers from hazardous workplaces remains a pressing issue on a global scale." -- Graham Mooney * Johns Hopkins University, and author of Instrusive Interventions: Public Health, Domestic Space, and *Table of ContentsContents List of Illustrations List of Tables List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction – When does the air in the workplace become important? 2 Textile town and mill environments 3 Tuberculosis in the factory 4 “I used to feel ill with it:” Heat, humidity and fatigue 5 Dust: A New Socio-Environmental Relationship 6 “The noise were horrendous:” The ignored industrial hazard 7 Conclusion: When does the air become important? Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Index
£40.50
RAND Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Water An
Book Synopsis
£14.99
Spokesman Books The Legacy of Chernobyl
Book Synopsis
£18.95
Royal Society of Chemistry Air Pollution and Health
Book SynopsisThe impact of air pollution on human health is currently of international concern. A comprehensive review of the subject is given in this volume, which complements the previous title covering air quality management. Dealing with the common gaseous and particulate air pollutants, including chemical carcinogens, it reviews the epidemiological and exposure chamber study research as well as considering mechanistic studies in the case of particulate matter. Air Pollution and Health also addresses the practical issue of setting standards for human exposure to air pollution by including the philosophy of standard setting and a review of currently available standards, along with a description of the setting of USEPA revised standards for ozone and particulate matter. Current knowledge of indoor air pollution is also discussed. As with all other books in the series, this volume will be of interest to the general public as well as being an important reference source for all those involved in theTrade Review"...A reference source for both the specialist and the lay reader." * Clean Air Vol 29 No 1 *"...An excellent overview of the subject...recommended reading for environmental practitioners in both the public and private sectors and for postgraduate students." * Environmental Scientist Vol 7 No 6 November/December 1998 *"... an important reference for anyone interested in air pollution." * The Chemical Educator, Vol 4, Issue 2 *Table of ContentsAir Quality Health Issues for Government; Gaseous Pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3); Chemical Carcinogens; Limitations of Epidemiological Studies; The 1997 USEPA Standards for Particulate Matter and Ozone; Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollutants; Setting Health-based Air Quality Standards; Mechanistic Aspects of the Health Effects of Airborne Particles; Subject Index.
£29.95
Orion Publishing Co A Greener Life
Book SynopsisIf you want a sustainable garden and a better relationship with nature, A Greener Life is the guide you need.Packed with inspirational images and practical tips, the book covers garden planning, organic composting and vegetable growing, as well as sustainable planting, rewilding and wildlife-attracting environments. Learn traditional gardening techniques like propagating and growing from cuttings to make your garden self-sustaining, and discover plants that attract hover flies, bees and butterflies. With Jack Wallington''s warmth and expertise on every page, this is an ideal book for new gardeners seeking greener practices.Trade ReviewWallington's passion for sustainability is woven throughout A GREENER LIFE...... Practical know-how is explained in an approachable way, which makes it a good introduction for those new to gardening. For more experienced gardeners, there's inspiration for making a beautiful biodiverse outdoor space. * Louise Curley, Gardens Illustrated *Conversational, interesting, and personal ... it reaffirms the link between what we love to do and why we should be doing it with nature, the planet and our health in mind. * RHS The Garden magazine *This is a clearly presented work, with accessible topic headings and plenty of good advice sprinkled with engaging personal anecdotes. The message at the book's heart is to adopt a greener way of being and to see oneself as part of nature, not removed from it. On this point it is exceptional, distinguishing itself from many of the green gardening books written in recent years. * THE ENGLISH GARDEN *
£16.99
Taylor & Francis Ltd Inside OUT
Book SynopsisInside OUT: Human Health and the Air-Conditioning Era focuses on the enclosed environment of fully conditioned buildings, revealing a unique ecosystem with broad implications for human life and a rapidly expanding global footprint. Emphasizing the interconnections between buildings and human health, equity, and environmental sustainability, it presents an interdisciplinary, holistic analysis of the social, behavioral, and technological issues of indoor space.Over the 20th century, advances in mechanical conditioning technologies led to the dispersion and international dominance of the sealed building envelope, which casually and progressively disconnected buildings and their occupants from local climatic, biological, and cultural environments. At the same time, humans were increasingly pushed indoors by less tangible, socially constructed forces that associated climate control with cleanliness, health, social status, and modernization.In this volume, a multi-dis
£43.69
Cambridge University Press Recipe for Survival
Book SynopsisWhat can you do to improve your health and at the same time improve the health of our home planet? Do you want to be a healthier and more sustainable consumer? In this straightforward, easy-to-understand and entertaining book, dietitian and environmentalist Dr. Dana Ellis Hunnes outlines the actions we can all take. Many people feel overwhelmed by the scope of climate change and believe that only large, sweeping changes will make any difference. Yet the choices we make every day can have effects on climate change, the oceans, the land, and other species. This book outlines the problems we are facing, and then presents ideas or ''recipes'' to empower us, to help us all make a difference. Recipe For Survival provides the guidance that you can use right now to improve your health, your family''s health, and the health of the environment simultaneously.Trade Review'… a thorough introduction, and there's plenty for newbies to sink their teeth into.' Publisher's Weekly'An action-inspiring guide to transforming our personal habits so that each of us can become a powerful change agent for a brighter, greener future.' Josh Tickell, author and director of Kiss the Ground'… this brilliantly written book could become a classic. I emphatically recommend that it be required reading for any educational group or public service program which studies the environment. It is the ticket to our future. It is without parallel! Dana Ellis Hunnes presents an abundance of science-based evidence that should encourage us to think deeply about the multiple ways we humans degrade our planetary home. No reader can come away without feeling a sense of awe and urgency to do whatever we can to save our home, both individually and collectively … we can make it happen entirely within a democratic, free-market society. We simply need the collective will to do so. Dr. Hunnes provides a rich collection of ideas on how to make this happen and how to do it now! … It is well-nigh time for us to truly sense the future of our children and our grandchildren.' T. Colin Campbell, Cornell University, author of The China Study, Whole, and The Future of Nutrition: An Insider's Look at the Science, Why We Keep Getting It Wrong and How to Start Getting It Right'Dana Ellis Hunnes's fact-packed and accessible Recipe for Survival delivers on its promise to empower us in our daily lives right now. In the book's potent first half, Dana lays out the latest science documenting today's ecological and public health crises. In the second half, she shines a light on sources of hope, giving us the tools we need to make changes to our diets, our habits, and quite possibly the future of our planet.' Aaron Saul Gross, Founder, Farm Forward; Professor, University of San Diego; author of The Question of the Animal and Religion'Each of us has the power and the potential to change the world for the better. We can all make a difference when we harness our passion to the virtues of courage and imagination. Dana Ellis Hunnes understands the power of one, and the need to focus our energies in the present in order to define what the future will be. Recipe for Survival provides both guidance and answers and she has the courage to say what needs to be said.' Captain Paul Watson, Founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation SocietyTable of ContentsPart I. 1. Agriculture is a Major Driver of Climate Change (and Disease); 2. Politics and Dietary Guidelines, Two Major Problems; 3. Overfishing: There is No Such Thing as Sustainable Fish; 4. Plastic, It's What's for Dinner; 5. Environmental Exploitation; 6. Species Exploitation for Entertainment; 7. The Positives – Examples of the 'Good' Being Done Around the World; Part II: 8. Protecting Earth – One Recipe at a Time – An Introduction; 9. Epilogue: Final Thoughts and Key Takeaways; Appendix: Recipes You Can Use; References; Index.
£18.04
John Wiley & Sons Inc Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment
Book SynopsisOffers an overview of endocrine disruption phenomena. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. It also focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation.Trade Review“This book is a great resource for those wanting an overview of this grand collaborative enterprise, or for those preparing the next generation for investigating, problem-solving, and managing our bio-chemical future, giving us a chance to balance modern living with safety.” (Endocrine Disruptors, 1 October 2014)Table of ContentsForeword xiv Preface xviii Acronyms xxi Glossary xxvi 1 Environmental Endocrine Disruptors 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 The Endocrine System 1 1.1.2 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) 3 1.1.3 Sources of EDCs in the Environment 4 1.1.4 Deleterious Effects of EDCs on Wildlife and on Humans 6 1.1.5 Endocrine Disruption Endpoints 6 1.2 Salient Aspects about Endocrine Disruption 7 1.2.1 Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses 7 1.2.2 Exposures during Periods of Heightened Susceptibility in Critical Life Stages 9 1.2.3 Delayed Dysfunction 11 1.2.4 Importance of Mixtures 11 1.2.5 Transgenerational Epigenetic Effects 12 1.3 Historical Perspective of Endocrine Disruption 12 1.4 Scope and Layout of this Book 19 1.5 Conclusion 20 References 21 Part I Mechanisms Of Hormonal Action And Putative Endocrine Disruptors 27 2 Mechanisms of Endocrine System Function 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Hormonal Axes 29 2.2.1 Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Gonad (HPG) Axis 31 2.2.2 The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid (HPT) Axis 33 2.2.3 The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis 34 2.3 Hormonal Cell Signaling 35 2.3.1 Receptors and Hormone Action 35 2.3.2 Genomic Signaling Pathway 36 2.3.3 Rapid-Response Pathway (Nongenomic Signaling) 38 2.3.4 Receptor Agonists Partial Agonists and Antagonists 40 2.4 Sex Steroids 41 2.4.1 Physiologic Estrogens 41 2.4.2 Androgens 43 2.5 Thyroid Hormones 45 2.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 46 References 47 3 Environmental Chemicals Targeting Estrogen Signaling Pathways 51 3.1 Introduction 51 3.1.1 Gonadal Estrogen Function Disruptors 52 3.2 Steroidal Estrogens 54 3.2.1 Physiologic Estrogens 55 3.2.2 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) 55 3.2.3 Phytoestrogens 57 3.2.4 Mycoestrogen – Zearalenone (ZEN) 59 3.3 Nonsteroidal Estrogenic Chemicals 60 3.3.1 Diethylstilbestrol (DES) 60 3.3.2 Organochlorine Insecticides 62 3.3.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 65 3.3.4 Alkyphenols 65 3.3.5 Parabens (Hydroxy Benzoates) 73 3.3.6 Sun Screens (Chemical UV Filters) 74 3.4 Metalloestrogens 75 3.4.1 Cadmium (Cd) 76 3.4.2 Lead (Pb) 76 3.4.3 Mercury (Hg) 77 3.4.4 Arsenic (As) 77 3.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 78 References 78 4 Anti-Androgenic Chemicals 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Testosterone Synthesis Inhibitors 92 4.2.1 Phthalates 92 4.3 Androgen Receptor (AR) Antagonists 96 4.3.1 Organochlorine (OC) Pesticides 96 4.3.2 Organophosphorus (OP) Insecticides 98 4.3.3 Bisphenol A (BPA) 99 4.3.4 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 99 4.3.5 Vinclozolin (VZ) 100 4.3.6 Procymidone 101 4.4 AR Antagonists and Fetal Testosterone Synthesis Inhibitors 102 4.4.1 Prochloraz 102 4.4.2 Linuron 103 4.5 Comparative Anti-Androgenic Effects of Pesticides to Androgen Agonist DHT 103 4.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 103 References 104 5 Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals 111 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Thyroid Synthesis Inhibition by Interference in Iodide Uptake 113 5.2.1 Perchlorate 113 5.3 TH Transport Disruptors and Estrogen Sulfotransferases Inhibitors 114 5.3.1 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 114 5.3.2 Triclosan 116 5.4 Thyroid Hormone Level Disruptors 117 5.4.1 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 117 5.5 Selective Thyroid Hormone Antagonists 119 5.5.1 Bisphenols 119 5.5.2 Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) 120 5.5.3 Phthalates 120 5.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 121 References 121 6 Activators of PPAR RXR AhR and Steroidogenic Factor 1 126 6.1 Introduction 126 6.2 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonists 127 6.2.1 Organotin Antifoulant Biocides 128 6.2.2 Perfluoroalkyl Compounds (PFCs) 130 6.2.3 Phthalates 132 6.3 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Agonists 133 6.3.1 Polychlorinated-Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and -Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) 133 6.3.2 Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls 135 6.3.3 Substituted Urea and Anilide Herbicides 135 6.4 Steroidogenesis Modulator (Aromatase Expression Inducer) 136 6.4.1 Atrazine 136 6.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 138 References 139 7 Effects of EDC Mixtures 146 7.1 Introduction 146 7.2 Combined Effect of Exposure to Multiple Chemicals 146 7.3 Mixture Effects of Estrogenic Chemicals 148 7.4 Mixture Effects of Estrogens and Anti-Estrogens 151 7.5 Mixture Effects of Anti-Androgens 152 7.5.1 Anti-Androgens with Common Mechanism of Action 152 7.5.2 Anti-Androgens with Different Modes of Action 154 7.5.3 Chronic Exposure of Low Dose Mixture of Anti-Androgens Versus Acute Exposure to High Dose Individual Compounds 156 7.6 Mixture Effects of Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals 157 7.7 Mixture Effects of Chemicals Acting via AhR 158 7.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects 158 References 161 8 Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Modifications and Transgenerational Effects 166 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Regulatory Epigenetic Modifications 168 8.2.1 Methylation of Cytosine Residues in the DNA and Impact on Gene Expression (Transcriptional Silencing) 168 8.2.2 Remodeling of Chromatin Structure through Post-Translational Modifications of Histone Tails (Determinants of Accessibility) 170 8.2.3 Regulation of Gene Expression by Noncoding RNAs 173 8.2.4 DNA Demethylation 174 8.2.5 Assays for Epigenetic Modification 175 8.3 Epigenetic Dysregulation Effects of Endocrine Disruption 176 8.3.1 Bisphenol A (BPA): A Case Study 177 8.3.2 DEHP 179 8.4 Environmental Epigenetic Effects of Heavy Metals Exposure 179 8.4.1 Cadmium 180 8.4.2 Arsenic 180 8.4.3 Nickel 180 8.4.4 Lead 181 8.5 Transgenerational Inheritance of Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Alterations 181 8.5.1 DES 182 8.5.2 Vinclozolin 183 8.5.3 Methoxychlor 185 8.5.4 BPA 185 8.5.5 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) 185 8.6 Transgenerational Actions of EDCs Mixture on Reproductive Disease 186 8.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects 187 References 188 Part II Removal Mechanisms Of Edcs Through Biotic And Abiotic Processes 195 9 Biodegradations and Biotransformations of Selected Examples of EDCs 197 9.1 Introduction 197 9.2 Natural and Synthetic Steroidal Estrogens 199 9.2.1 17β-Estradiol and Estrone 199 9.2.2 17α-Ethynylestradiol 202 9.3 Alkylphenols 205 9.3.1 4-n-Nonylphenol (4-NP1) 205 9.3.2 4-tert-Nonylphenol Isomer 4-(1-Ethyl-1,4-Eimethylpentyl) Phenol (NP112) 208 9.3.3 4-tert-Nonylphenol Isomer 4-[1-Ethyl-1,3-Dimethylpentyl] Phenol (4-NP111) 210 9.3.4 4-n- and 4-tert-Octylphenols 212 9.3.5 Bisphenol A 214 9.4 Phthalates 220 9.4.1 Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP) 221 9.4.2 n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (BBP) 222 9.4.3 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) 223 9.4.4 Di-n-octyl Phthalate (DOP) 226 9.5 Insecticides 226 9.5.1 Methoxychlor 226 9.6 Fungicides 228 9.6.1 Vinclozolin 228 9.6.2 Procymidone 231 9.6.3 Prochloraz 232 9.7 Herbicides 232 9.7.1 Linuron 232 9.7.2 Atrazine 233 9.8 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 236 9.9 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 238 9.9.1 2,2’,4,4’ -Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) 238 9.9.2 2,2’,4,4’,5-Penta-bromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-99) 243 9.9.3 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6,6’-Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) 243 9.10 Triclosan 245 9.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects 245 References 246 10 Abiotic Degradations/Transformations of EDCs Through Oxidation Processes 254 10.1 Introduction 254 10.2 Natural and Synthetic Estrogens 256 10.2.1 17β-Estradiol (E2) and Estrone (E1) 256 10.2.2 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) 260 10.3 Bisphenol A 260 10.3.1 Chlorination with HOCl 263 10.3.2 Catalytic Oxidation with H2O2 263 10.3.3 Oxidation with KMnO4 266 10.3.4 Oxidation with MnO2 267 10.3.5 Treatment with Zero-Valent Aluminum 267 10.3.6 Ozonation 267 10.3.7 Fenton Reaction 270 10.3.8 Photolytic and Photocatalytic Degradation 272 10.4 4-Octylphenol and 4-Nonylphenol 272 10.4.1 Chlorination 272 10.4.2 Ozonation 274 10.4.3 Photocatalytic Degradation 274 10.5 Parabens 274 10.5.1 Ozonation 276 10.5.2 Photocatalytic Degradation 276 10.6 Phthalates – Photocatalytic Degradation 276 10.6.1 Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) 277 10.6.2 n-Butyl Benzylphthalate 277 10.6.3 Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) 279 10.7 Linuron 279 10.7.1 Treatment with O3 UV and UV/O3 279 10.8 Atrazine 281 10.8.1 Fenton Reaction 281 10.8.2 Reaction with Ozone Ozone/H2O2 and Ozone/OH Radicals 282 10.8.3 Treatment with δ-MnO2 282 10.8.4 Reductive Dechlorination 282 10.8.5 Photocatalytic Degradation 282 10.9 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants 282 10.9.1 Photochemical Degradation 282 10.9.2 TiO2-Mediated Photocatalytic Debromination 284 10.9.3 Zero-Valent Iron Reductive Debromination 285 10.10 Triclosan 285 10.10.1 Clorination with HOCl 285 10.10.2 Oxidation with KMnO4/MnO2 286 10.10.3 Ozonation 286 10.10.4 Photochemical Transformation 286 10.11 PFOA and PFOS 289 10.11.1 Modified Fenton Reaction 289 10.11.2 Sonochemical Degradation 289 10.11.3 Photocatalytic Reaction 289 10.12 Conclusions 289 References 290 Part III Screening And Testing For Potential Edcs Implications For Water Quality Sustainability Policy And Regulatory Issues And Green Chemistry Principles In The Design Of Safe Chemicals And Remediation Of Edcs 297 11 Screening and Testing Programs for EDCs 299 11.1 Introduction 299 11.2 Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) 300 11.2.1 EDSP Tier 1 301 11.2.2 EDSP Tier 2 302 11.3 Assays for the Detection of Chemicals that Alter the Estrogen Signaling Pathway 304 11.3.1 The ER Binding Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1250) 304 11.3.2 ERα Transcriptional Activation Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1300; OECD 455) 304 11.3.3 Aromatase Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1200) 306 11.3.4 In vivo Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents (USEPA OPPTS 890.1600; OECD 440) 307 11.3.5 Pubertal Female Rat Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1450) 308 11.3.6 Twenty-One-Day Fish Reproduction Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1350; OECD 229) 308 11.4 Assays for the Detection of Chemicals that Alter the Androgenic Signaling Pathway 308 11.4.1 AR Binding Assay (Rat Prostate Cytosol) (USEPA OPPTS 890.1150) 309 11.4.2 H295R Steroidogenesis Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1550) 309 11.4.3 Hershberger Bioassay in Rats for Androgenicity (USEPA OCSPP 890.1400; OECD 441) 309 11.4.4 Pubertal Male Rat Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1500) 310 11.4.5 Strengths and Limitations of Assays for Interference with Androgen Action 310 11.5 Assays for the Detection of Chemicals that Alter the HPT Axis 311 11.5.1 Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (OPPTS 890.1100) 311 11.5.2 Strengths and Limitations of Thyroid Disrupting Chemical Assays 311 11.6 The USEPA’s EDSP21 Work Plan 312 11.6.1 The USEPA ToxCast Program 313 11.6.2 Tox21 HTS Programs 314 11.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects 316 References 317 12 Trace Contaminants: Implications for Water Quality Sustainability 320 12.1 Introduction 320 12.2 Trace Contaminants Sources in Water 321 12.3 Wastewater Reclamation Processes 323 12.3.1 Primary Treatment: Sedimentation/Coagulation 323 12.3.2 Secondary Treatment: Removal by Physical Methods or Biological Process 324 12.3.3 Tertiary Treatment: Redox Processes 325 12.4 Indirect Water Reuse Systems 326 12.4.1 Removal of Trace Contaminants for Potable Water Reuse Applications 326 12.5 Leaching of Contaminants in Water – the Case of Bottled Water 327 12.6 Water Quality Sustainability and Health Effects 328 12.7 Toxicological Implications 329 12.8 Regulatory Structures to Maintain Water Quality 330 12.9 Conclusions and Future Prospects 331 References 333 13 Policy and Regulatory Considerations for EDCs 339 13.1 Introduction 339 13.2 Regulating Paradigm Shift in Conventional Toxicology 340 13.2.1 Downward Movement of Safe Thresholds 341 13.2.2 Nonmonotonic Low-Dose Effects (Nonthreshold substances) 341 13.2.3 Sensitivity of Development Periods 342 13.2.4 Cumulative Exposures to Multiple EDCs (Exposures can be Additive) 342 13.2.5 Long Latency Between Exposure and Effect (Delayed Effects) 343 13.3 Policy Options for EDC Regulation 344 13.3.1 Scientific Uncertainty and Precautionary Policy 344 13.3.2 Shifting the Burden of Proving Safe Products 345 13.3.3 Need to Broaden the Risk Assessment 346 13.3.4 Cutting-Edge Bioassays Showing Developmental Endpoints 346 13.4 Controversy on Regulatory Framework for EDCs 348 13.4.1 Diversity of Viewpoints of the Risk Assessors and the Endocrine Scientists 348 13.4.2 A Debate on EU Regulatory Framework for EDCs 350 13.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 351 References 353 14 Green Chemistry Principles in the Designing and Screening for Safe Chemicals and Remediation of EDCs 357 14.1 Introduction 357 14.2 Benign by Design Chemicals 358 14.3 Chemical Endocrine Disruption Screening Protocol 361 14.3.1 Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption 361 14.4 Green Oxidative Remediation of EDCs 363 14.4.1 Catalytic Oxidation Processes 364 14.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 366 References 368 Index 371
£85.45
John Wiley & Sons Inc Medical Geology
Book SynopsisMedical Geology The key to understanding the relationship between the geological environment and human health Medical geology deals with of the impact of environmental factors on the health of individual human beings and communities. In particular, it studies environmental exposure to both macro- and micronutrients in the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphererespectively, soil, water, and airborne dustwhich may positively or negatively impact human growth, development, and overall health. The insights contributed by this burgeoning field can aid not only in individual medical cases, but also in assessing disproportionately impacted communities and addressing global medical inequality. Medical Geology: En route to One Health is among the first books to address this vital subject by summarizing recent research in this field. It also serves as an introduction to the multidisciplinary One Health methodology, which unites medical, geological, and environmental insights in one continuous approach to public health. Medical Geology readers will also find: An explanation of the influence of the environment on nutrient availability Case studies of well-documented links between endemic diseases and environmental conditions A systematic analysis of the causes of essential element deficiencies in different world regions Medical Geology is an essential overview of the field, for advanced students as well as medical, environmental, or geological researchers who wish to understand the complex relationship between the geological environment and human health.Table of ContentsSection 1 - Geochemistry and Health 1. Medical geology: Geosphere, human and animal interface 2. Biogeochemistry: Essential link between geosphere and biosphere 3. Geochemical release and environmental interfaces Section 2 - Dust Storms and Health 4. Minerogenic dust: Trace elements 5. Silicosis and asbestosis 6. Radon and health Section 3 - Medical Geology of the Hydrosphere 7. Water-rock interactions: Mineral dissolution 8. Water hardness and health 9. Geochemistry of fluoride in the environment and human health 10. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and strategies for alleviation 11. Understanding nexus between hydrogeochemical cycling and medical geology of arsenic 12. Potentially toxic metals and health Section 4 - Medical Pedology: Health Effects from Soils and Sediments 13. Dynamics of trace element bioavailability in soil: Agronomic enhancement and risk assessment 14. Geochemical provenance of metalloids and their release: Implications on medical geology 15. Cobalt and copper deficiency and molybdenosis 16. Healing clays structure and functions Section 5 - Case Studies 17. Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) the search for causes and the impact of its politicization 18. Uraniferous province of Lagoa Real: routes, dispersion and impacts of radioelements on health 19. Defluoridation 20. Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic effect of metals and minerals used in traditional medicine 21. Understanding the aetiology of trace elements related non-communicable diseases reviewing the Ghanaian situation 22. Dental fluorosis in Turkey 23. Environmental and medical geology of the lead mining and metallurgical complex of Bahia: The case of lead metallurgy, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil 24. Uncontrolled coal fires: How medical geology can save lives
£133.20
Flatiron Books Guardians of the Trees
Book SynopsisEMPOWERING...KINARI WEBB IS AN INSPIRATION. --BILL MCKIBBEN A WONDERFUL BOOK. --JANE GOODALLA TIMELY, HOPEFUL MEMOIR ABOUT A WOMAN SPEARHEADING A GLOBAL INITIATIVE TO HEAL THE WORLD''S RAINFORESTS AND THE COMMUNITIES WHO DEPEND ON THEM Full of hope and optimism, Kinari Webb takes us on an exhilarating, galvanizing journey across the world, sharing her passion for the natural world and for humanity. In our current moment of crisis, Guardians of the Trees is an essential roadmap for moving forward and the inspiring story of one woman's quest to heal the world.When Webb first traveled to Indonesian Borneo at 21 to study orangutans, she was both awestruck by the beauty of her surroundings and heartbroken by the rainforest destruction she witnessed. As she got to know the local communities, she realized that their need to pay for expensive healthcare led directly to the rampant logging, which in turn imperiled their health and s
£15.19
Austin Macauley Publishers Balance on Natures Commons
Book Synopsis
£10.78
Rowman & Littlefield The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health
Book SynopsisThis book, named one of Booklist''s Top 10 books on sustainability in 2014, is the first to offer a comprehensive examination of the environmental health movement, which unlike many parts of the environmental movement, focuses on ways toxic chemicals and other hazardous agents in the environment effect human health and well-being. Born in 1978 when Lois Gibbs organized her neighbors to protest the health effects of a toxic waste dump in Love Canal, New York, the movement has spread across the United States and throughout the world. By placing human health at the center of its environmental argument, this movement has achieved many victories in community mobilization and legislative reform. In The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement, environmental health expert Kate Davies describes the movement's historical, ideological, and cultural roots and analyzes its strategies and successes.Trade ReviewThe world is not a safe place. Toxic waste, air pollution, and pesticide use can be hazardous to your health. According to the World Health Organization, more than 40 percent of all asthma, nearly 20 percent of all cancers, and 5-percent of all birth defects are attributable to poor environmental quality. It’s impossible to avoid exposure to at least some of the 80,000 different chemicals utilized in the United States. The environmental health movement consists of many individuals and organizations cognizant of the relationship between people and the environment and environmental factors that potentially affect health. Davies extensively covers the historical roots and rise of this movement in the United States and tracks its current status and strategies, from forging national coalitions to lobbying for legislation and promoting grassroots activism. America’s environmental health movement focuses on environmental safety through precaution and prevention, opposes the use of toxic chemicals, and advocates sustainability and environmental justice. As ecotheologian Thomas Berry once declared, 'You cannot have well humans on a sick planet.' * Booklist *The Greek mathematician Archimedes, referring to levers, is reputed to have said, 'Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth.' It is in that spirit that author Kate Davies calls for identifying 'leverage points' for improving environmental health: 'Leverage points are places in complex systems where a small shift in one thing can produce big changes across an entire system.' For example, Davies points to the cost of health care, noting that health care in the United States is 'one of the least effective health-care systems among industrialized countries.' She argues that combining environmental health with the economics of health care will help create change. Davies is well equipped to generate social change. She founded and directed the first local government office on the environment in Canada and is on the faculty in the Environment and Community program at Antioch University’s Center for Creative Change in Seattle. In the most revealing portion of the book, Davies closes with a discussion of what she calls 'Strategies for Social Change.' She details how, historically, the movement organized for collective action on local issues, such as the response to the Love Canal contamination in Niagara Falls, New York, during the 1970s. Later, groups began lobbying for new legislation controlling toxic chemicals. Davies acknowledges that these latter efforts created tensions among environmental advocates. She argues that local groups felt state lobbying organizations, who were pursuing legislation, ignored local problems. Furthermore, she says, these local groups consisted mostly of passionate, penniless volunteers who believed the state and national groups dominated fund raising. Davies downplays the legislative accomplishments made in the 1970s by national environmental lobbying groups, such as adoption of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. However, she clearly acknowledges the failure of the Toxic Substances Control Act passed in 1976. 'By ‘grandfathering’ nearly all the chemicals that were used in 1976 (about sixty-two thousand) and excluding them from any review or testing requirements, the Act created a monumental loophole for the chemical industry.' Davies urges the environmental health movement to follow the example of others, such as the civil rights movement, by considering 'collective, peaceful civil disobedience more often.' To defend such a proposal, Davies must conclude that other paths to social change using conventional, lawful means have been exhaustively tried and found ineffective—but she has not made this case. Needlessly engaging in militant actions could cause a negative reaction in some supporters. And, as Thomas Jefferson said: 'The good opinion of mankind, like the lever of Archimedes . . . moves the world.' The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement contains a great deal of complex information that will interest primarily those already in the movement. * Foreword Reviews *[Davies] tells the story of anger, disillusionment, and determination of Americans to develop a political movement to fight chemical pollution. . . . A well-written, thoughtful, and timely book. * The Huffington Post *Kate Davies’ excellent book focuses on the role of health in the environmental health movement and encourages us to consider its origins and accomplishments.... The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement looks both back and forward to challenge us to consider our current direction. In the future this book will provide readers with an important perspective on how the environmental health movement shaped our society. * Toxipedia *The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement examines the evolution of the diverse social movement that aims to prevent such hazards from arising. Between the complexity of our chemical environment, policy responses to it, and the movement itself, the task that Davies has taken on strains the limits of a single volume. Her broad narrative succeeds. . . . Davies’s book offers a valuable introduction to key topics in environmental health politics. Advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and budding activists interested in environmental health may find the later chapters especially helpful for gaining conversance in the movement’s positions, rhetoric, and controversies. Faculty teaching courses on environmental health or health geography may find the book a helpful guide to key policies, debates, and events, especially if they are struggling to present complex scientific and political concepts for undergraduates. Davies’s great skill is in distilling these concepts. * Journal of Historical Geography *Kate Davies of Antioch University in Seattle has written a pioneering work that fills a gap in the literature and advances the cause of environmental health: that is, increasing human health and well-being through changing the environment. . . .The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement is a new departure and a major achievement. It will appeal to a wide audience of potential activists because of its optimistic tone and its appeal to spiritual as well as material values. The contributions it makes are diverse and discerning while the controversies it generates are pertinent and constructive. * New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy *The book is well-written and easy to read. . .[I]t is interesting. . . .[T]his work will appeal . . . to those interested primarily in the process of social change itself. . . .[A] copy would make a welcome addition to a complete medical, public health or sociology library. . . .Its greatest value to the occupational and environmental medicine provider lies in its ability to teach one about the importance of making environmental health issues personal and economically relevant, to achieve sufficient public momentum. In this way, individuals can succeed in making legislative and regulatory changes that improve the health and safety of our communities at the local, national, and global levels. * Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine *The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement is a well-done history of America’s environmental health movement and offers readers valuable information on how grassroots organizing prevents harm from toxic exposures and leads to safe and healthy communities. -- Lois Marie Gibbs, Executive Director, Center for Health, Environment & JusticeThe Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement is an ambitious book in the best sense of the word. Davies seeks to synthesize a tremendous amount of information, and to begin to write history as it is happening. She has made an invaluable contribution to all those who care—or should care—about what environmental contaminants are doing to us and to all life on earth. -- Michael Lerner, president of Commonweal and co-founder of the Collaborative on Health and the Environment, Health Care Without Harm and the Health and Environmental Funders NetworkThe Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement is a finely-balanced and fair-minded account of how this movement came to be and what it will take to execute the sea change we need to fully protect public health. -- Elise Miller, Director and co-founder of the Collaborative on Health and the Environment, founded and directed the Institute for Children’s Environmental Health, Founding Executive Director of the Jenifer Altman FoundationKate Davies' authoritative history describes the origins and dimensions of one wing of the environmental movement. It is both generous and accurate in its portrayal of the ideas, the people, and organizations that forged the link between the environment and human health. This is the definitive guide to the story of one of the most important movements of our century. -- Carolyn Raffensperger, Science and Environmental Health NetworkA compelling history and an accessible guide that unravels the complexity of environmental health issues and the evolving environmental health movement and offers references and examples for how our collective and individual actions can make a healthy difference in the places where we live, work, play, and go to school. -- Peggy M. Shepard, Executive Director and co-founder of WE ACT for Environmental JusticeTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction Environmental Health The US Environmental Health Movement Background This Book Part 1: Historical and Cultural Roots Chapter 1: The European Ancestry of Environmental Health The Philosophy of Ancient Greece The Engineering Achievements of Rome The Spread of Judeo-Christian Religions The Scientific Revolution and the Nature of Science Social Justice and the Enlightenment The Environmental Health Consequences of the Industrial Revolution New Policies and Legislation Recognizing and Preventing Environmentally-Related Diseases Chapter 2: Early Environmental Public Health The Environmental Health Consequences of the American Industrial Revolution Environmental Public Health Concerns Occupational Health: Working with the Urban Poor The Home as an Environment for Protecting Health The Progressive Era and Environmental Conservation The Origins of Urban Planning Preventing Environmentally-Transmitted Diseases Chapter 3: Environmentalism and Economic Growth Post World War II Economic Growth and the Creation of a Consumer Society The Environmental Health Effects of Air Pollution The Environmental Health Effects of Water Pollution The Environmental Health Effects of Food Quality The Antinuclear Movement and the Precedents It Set New Ideas: Toxic Chemicals New Ideas: Deep Ecology and Social Ecology New Ideas: Population Growth and Resource Depletion The Rise of Environmentalism EPA and the Final Separation of Environmental and Public Health The Relationship Between the Environmental Movement and the Labor Movement The Toxic Substances Control Act and Other Environmental Legislation of the 1970s Chapter 4: The Birth of the US Environmental Health Movement Love Canal and Its Aftermath The Beginnings of the Environmental Justice Movement The Role of Disasters in Building the Environmental Health Movement Struggles for Regional Environmental Health in the Great Lakes Winning the Battle Against Waste Incineration Opposition to Pesticides: An Ongoing Struggle Securing the Right to Know Toxics Use Reduction and Pollution Prevention: Limited Success The Lead Saga Newer Challenges: Endocrine Disruptors and Epigenetics Part II: The Contemporary Movement Chapter 5: Organizations and Issues The Movement’s Strongest Asset: State and Local Groups The Roles of National Groups The Influence of European Toxics Policy The Louisville Charter The Emergence of National Coalitions Communications and Getting the Word Out The Importance of Women’s Organizations Alliances with Labor Organizations New Ways of Framing Environmental Health: Judeo-Christian Religions Beyond Toxics: Nanotechnology Beyond Toxics: Electromagnetic Fields Beyond Toxics: Fossil Fuels Beyond Toxics: Urban Planning and Green Building The Significance of Foundation Funding Chapter 6: Making Environmental Issues Personal Gaining Support from People Affected by Environmentally-Related Disease Working with Caregivers - Nurses Working with Caregivers – Physicians Engaging the Health Care Sector Protecting Children’s Environmental Health Food, Glorious Food Opposing Toxics in Consumer Products And in Personal Care Products Pollution in People Chapter 7: Precaution and the Limitations of Science The Impossibility of Proving Environmental Causation The Failure to Consider Ethics The Distortion and Cover-up of Scientific Information Problems with Risk Assessment Overview of Precaution The Ingredients of Precaution Progress on Precaution Chapter 8: Environmental Justice and the Right to a Healthy Environment Perspectives on Environmental Justice Constitutional and Legal Rights to a Healthy Environment Scientific Information on Environmental Health Injustice in the US Environmental Justice Issues Community-Based Research Environmental Justice Strategies The US Environmental Justice and Environmental Health Movements Chapter 9: Changing Economics, the Markets and Business The Cost of Environmental Illness Market Campaigns: Overview Market Campaigns: PVC Products and Packaging Market Campaigns: Electronics Market Campaigns: The Health Sector Green Chemistry and Safer Materials Socially Responsible Investing Partnerships with Business Conclusion and Next Steps: Strategies for Social Change Strategies for Social Change Creating Inspiring Visions Minding the Gap between our Collective Aspirations and Reality Seeing the Forest and the Trees Identifying Leverage Points for Environmental Health Organizing More, Collective Action Telling Environmental Health Stories Self-Care Final Reflections A Chronology of Key Events in US Environmental Health Selected Resources on Environmental Health
£43.20
Rowman & Littlefield The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health
Book SynopsisThis book, named one of Booklist''s Top 10 books on sustainability in 2014, is the first to offer a comprehensive examination of the environmental health movement, which unlike many parts of the environmental movement, focuses on ways toxic chemicals and other hazardous agents in the environment effect human health and well-being. Born in 1978 when Lois Gibbs organized her neighbors to protest the health effects of a toxic waste dump in Love Canal, New York, the movement has spread across the United States and throughout the world. By placing human health at the center of its environmental argument, this movement has achieved many victories in community mobilization and legislative reform. In The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement, environmental health expert Kate Davies describes the movement's historical, ideological, and cultural roots and analyzes its strategies and successes.Trade ReviewThe world is not a safe place. Toxic waste, air pollution, and pesticide use can be hazardous to your health. According to the World Health Organization, more than 40 percent of all asthma, nearly 20 percent of all cancers, and 5 percent of all birth defects are attributable to poor environmental quality. It’s impossible to avoid exposure to at least some of the 80,000 different chemicals utilized in the United States. The environmental health movement consists of many individuals and organizations cognizant of the relationship between people and the environment and environmental factors that potentially affect health. Davies extensively covers the historical roots and rise of this movement in the United States and tracks its current status and strategies, from forging national coalitions to lobbying for legislation and promoting grassroots activism. America’s environmental health movement focuses on environmental safety through precaution and prevention, opposes the use of toxic chemicals, and advocates sustainability and environmental justice. As ecotheologian Thomas Berry once declared, 'You cannot have well humans on a sick planet.' * Booklist *The Greek mathematician Archimedes, referring to levers, is reputed to have said, 'Give me a place to stand and I will move the earth.' It is in that spirit that author Kate Davies calls for identifying 'leverage points' for improving environmental health: 'Leverage points are places in complex systems where a small shift in one thing can produce big changes across an entire system.' For example, Davies points to the cost of health care, noting that health care in the United States is 'one of the least effective health-care systems among industrialized countries.' She argues that combining environmental health with the economics of health care will help create change. Davies is well equipped to generate social change. She founded and directed the first local government office on the environment in Canada and is on the faculty in the Environment and Community program at Antioch University’s Center for Creative Change in Seattle. In the most revealing portion of the book, Davies closes with a discussion of what she calls 'Strategies for Social Change.' She details how, historically, the movement organized for collective action on local issues, such as the response to the Love Canal contamination in Niagara Falls, New York, during the 1970s. Later, groups began lobbying for new legislation controlling toxic chemicals. Davies acknowledges that these latter efforts created tensions among environmental advocates. She argues that local groups felt state lobbying organizations, who were pursuing legislation, ignored local problems. Furthermore, she says, these local groups consisted mostly of passionate, penniless volunteers who believed the state and national groups dominated fund raising. Davies downplays the legislative accomplishments made in the 1970s by national environmental lobbying groups, such as adoption of the Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act. However, she clearly acknowledges the failure of the Toxic Substances Control Act passed in 1976. 'By ‘grandfathering’ nearly all the chemicals that were used in 1976 (about sixty-two thousand) and excluding them from any review or testing requirements, the Act created a monumental loophole for the chemical industry.' Davies urges the environmental health movement to follow the example of others, such as the civil rights movement, by considering 'collective, peaceful civil disobedience more often.' To defend such a proposal, Davies must conclude that other paths to social change using conventional, lawful means have been exhaustively tried and found ineffective—but she has not made this case. Needlessly engaging in militant actions could cause a negative reaction in some supporters. And, as Thomas Jefferson said: 'The good opinion of mankind, like the lever of Archimedes . . . moves the world.' The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement contains a great deal of complex information that will interest primarily those already in the movement. * Foreword Reviews *The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement is a well-done history of America’s environmental health movement and offers readers valuable information on how grassroots organizing prevents harm from toxic exposures and leads to safe and healthy communities. -- Lois Marie Gibbs, Executive Director, Center for Health, Environment & JusticeThe Rise of the US Environmental Health Movement is an ambitious book in the best sense of the word. Davies seeks to synthesize a tremendous amount of information, and to begin to write history as it is happening. She has made an invaluable contribution to all those who care—or should care—about what environmental contaminants are doing to us and to all life on earth. -- Michael Lerner, president of Commonweal and co-founder of the Collaborative on Health and the Environment, Health Care Without Harm and the Health and Environmental Funders NetworkThe Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement is a finely-balanced and fair-minded account of how this movement came to be and what it will take to execute the sea change we need to fully protect public health. -- Elise Miller, Director and co-founder of the Collaborative on Health and the Environment, founded and directed the Institute for Children’s Environmental Health, Founding Executive Director of the Jenifer Altman FoundationKate Davies' authoritative history describes the origins and dimensions of one wing of the environmental movement. It is both generous and accurate in its portrayal of the ideas, the people, and organizations that forged the link between the environment and human health. This is the definitive guide to the story of one of the most important movements of our century. -- Carolyn Raffensperger, Science and Environmental Health NetworkA compelling history and an accessible guide that unravels the complexity of environmental health issues and the evolving environmental health movement and offers references and examples for how our collective and individual actions can make a healthy difference in the places where we live, work, play, and go to school. -- Peggy M. Shepard, Executive Director and co-founder of WE ACT for Environmental JusticeKate Davies’ excellent book focuses on the role of health in the environmental health movement and encourages us to consider its origins and accomplishments. . . . The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement looks both back and forward to challenge us to consider our current direction. In the future this book will provide readers with an important perspective on how the environmental health movement shaped our society. * Toxipedia *The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement examines the evolution of the diverse social movement that aims to prevent such hazards from arising. Between the complexity of our chemical environment, policy responses to it, and the movement itself, the task that Davies has taken on strains the limits of a single volume. Her broad narrative succeeds. . . . Davies’s book offers a valuable introduction to key topics in environmental health politics. Advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and budding activists interested in environmental health may find the later chapters especially helpful for gaining conversance in the movement’s positions, rhetoric, and controversies. Faculty teaching courses on environmental health or health geography may find the book a helpful guide to key policies, debates, and events, especially if they are struggling to present complex scientific and political concepts for undergraduates. Davies’s great skill is in distilling these concepts. * Journal of Historical Geography *Kate Davies of Antioch University in Seattle has written a pioneering work that fills a gap in the literature and advances the cause of environmental health: that is, increasing human health and well-being through changing the environment. . . .The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement is a new departure and a major achievement. It will appeal to a wide audience of potential activists because of its optimistic tone and its appeal to spiritual as well as material values. The contributions it makes are diverse and discerning while the controversies it generates are pertinent and constructive. * New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction Environmental Health The US Environmental Health Movement Background This Book Part 1: Historical and Cultural Roots Chapter 1: The European Ancestry of Environmental Health The Philosophy of Ancient Greece The Engineering Achievements of Rome The Spread of Judeo-Christian Religions The Scientific Revolution and the Nature of Science Social Justice and the Enlightenment The Environmental Health Consequences of the Industrial Revolution New Policies and Legislation Recognizing and Preventing Environmentally-Related Diseases Chapter 2: Early Environmental Public Health The Environmental Health Consequences of the American Industrial Revolution Environmental Public Health Concerns Occupational Health: Working with the Urban Poor The Home as an Environment for Protecting Health The Progressive Era and Environmental Conservation The Origins of Urban Planning Preventing Environmentally-Transmitted Diseases Chapter 3: Environmentalism and Economic Growth Post World War II Economic Growth and the Creation of a Consumer Society The Environmental Health Effects of Air Pollution The Environmental Health Effects of Water Pollution The Environmental Health Effects of Food Quality The Antinuclear Movement and the Precedents It Set New Ideas: Toxic Chemicals New Ideas: Deep Ecology and Social Ecology New Ideas: Population Growth and Resource Depletion The Rise of Environmentalism EPA and the Final Separation of Environmental and Public Health The Relationship Between the Environmental Movement and the Labor Movement The Toxic Substances Control Act and Other Environmental Legislation of the 1970s Chapter 4: The Birth of the US Environmental Health Movement Love Canal and Its Aftermath The Beginnings of the Environmental Justice Movement The Role of Disasters in Building the Environmental Health Movement Struggles for Regional Environmental Health in the Great Lakes Winning the Battle Against Waste Incineration Opposition to Pesticides: An Ongoing Struggle Securing the Right to Know Toxics Use Reduction and Pollution Prevention: Limited Success The Lead Saga Newer Challenges: Endocrine Disruptors and Epigenetics Part II: The Contemporary Movement Chapter 5: Organizations and Issues The Movement’s Strongest Asset: State and Local Groups The Roles of National Groups The Influence of European Toxics Policy The Louisville Charter The Emergence of National Coalitions Communications and Getting the Word Out The Importance of Women’s Organizations Alliances with Labor Organizations New Ways of Framing Environmental Health: Judeo-Christian Religions Beyond Toxics: Nanotechnology Beyond Toxics: Electromagnetic Fields Beyond Toxics: Fossil Fuels Beyond Toxics: Urban Planning and Green Building The Significance of Foundation Funding Chapter 6: Making Environmental Issues Personal Gaining Support from People Affected by Environmentally-Related Disease Working with Caregivers - Nurses Working with Caregivers – Physicians Engaging the Health Care Sector Protecting Children’s Environmental Health Food, Glorious Food Opposing Toxics in Consumer Products And in Personal Care Products Pollution in People Chapter 7: Precaution and the Limitations of Science The Impossibility of Proving Environmental Causation The Failure to Consider Ethics The Distortion and Cover-up of Scientific Information Problems with Risk Assessment Overview of Precaution The Ingredients of Precaution Progress on Precaution Chapter 8: Environmental Justice and the Right to a Healthy Environment Perspectives on Environmental Justice Constitutional and Legal Rights to a Healthy Environment Scientific Information on Environmental Health Injustice in the US Environmental Justice Issues Community-Based Research Environmental Justice Strategies The US Environmental Justice and Environmental Health Movements Chapter 9: Changing Economics, the Markets and Business The Cost of Environmental Illness Market Campaigns: Overview Market Campaigns: PVC Products and Packaging Market Campaigns: Electronics Market Campaigns: The Health Sector Green Chemistry and Safer Materials Socially Responsible Investing Partnerships with Business Conclusion and Next Steps: Strategies for Social Change Strategies for Social Change Creating Inspiring Visions Minding the Gap between our Collective Aspirations and Reality Seeing the Forest and the Trees Identifying Leverage Points for Environmental Health Organizing More, Collective Action Telling Environmental Health Stories Self-Care Final Reflections A Chronology of Key Events in US Environmental Health Selected Resources on Environmental Health
£27.00
World Bank Publications The Global Health Cost of PM2.5 Air Pollution A
Book SynopsisThis publication estimates that the global cost of health damages associated with exposure to air pollution is $8.1 trillion, equivalent to 6.1 percent of global GDP. It further develops the evidence base for air-quality management through up-to-date estimates of air pollution’s global economic costs.
£27.50
Taylor & Francis Inc Chemical Sensitivity and SickBuilding Syndrome
Book SynopsisWritten by multidisciplinary experts in medicine, chemistry, and architecture, this book examines chemical sensitivity (CS). In 15 chapters fitted to 15 lectures, it discusses not only the medical explanation, but also the environmental factors of this hypersensitive reaction, such as chemistry and architectural aspects. The book overviews pollution-induced diseases such as Minamata Disease. It also points out the similarity of modern hypersensitivity syndromes to historical pollution diseases from the viewpoints of not only natural scientific aspects, but also social understanding of the disease.Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1 Present Status of Chemical Sensitivity1.1 Background1.1.1 Disease Registration of CS1.1.2 CS Studies in Europe1.1.3 CS Studies in Japan1.1.4 Sick-Building/House Syndrome1.2 Clinical Symptoms1.3 Psychiatric and Social Aspects1.4 Chemical Agents Implicated in CS1.5 Why the Diagnosis of CS Is Difficult1.5.1 Reasons for the Lack of Understanding of CSChapter 2 Effects of Chemical Sensitivity on Patients’ Daily Lives2.1 Effects of Chemical Sensitivity2.2 Countermeasures2.2.1 Making Your Home, Workplace, and School Environment Safe2.2.2 Food and Digestive Issues2.2.3 Caution in Use of Daily Products2.2.4 Avoidance of Environmental Chemicals2.2.5 Effects of Electromagnetic Waves2.2.5.1 ES and International Classification of Disease 10 (ICDChapter 3 Promoting Understanding of Chemical Sensitivity3.1 Medical Insurance in Japan3.2 Understanding of CS at the Judicial Level3.3 Education3.3.1 Specific Education of Medical Doctors3.3.2 Specific Education for Dentists3.3.3 Specific Education for the Healthcare Team3.3.4 Patient Education for a Comfortable Daily Life3.3.5 Education of LaypersonsChapter 4 Medical Facts4.1 Acute Toxicology, Intermediate Syndrome4.2 Chronic Toxicology4.3 Animal Experiments Using Extremely Low Dosages...4.4 Research on the Mechanism of CS4.4.1 Detoxification 4.4.2 Nervous Sensitivity Acquisition Chapter 5 Diagnosis 5.1 Detailed and Careful Interview 5.2 Neuro-Ophthalmological and Neurological Examinations in Conjunction with Ordinary Clinical Examinations in Japan 5.2.1 Tracking Eye Movement Examination 5.2.2 Pupillary Function 5.2.3 Standing Ability 5.2.4 Contrast Sensitivity Examination of Higher Visual Centers 5.2.5 Accommodation Examination of Eyes5.2.6 Cerebral Function Examination5.2.7 Immune Examination5.2.8 Respiratory Function5.2.9 Peripheral Venous Blood Oxygen Concentration5.3 Chemical Load Tests5.3.1 Use of a Clean Room5.3.2 Determination of Causative Chemicals (Challenge Test)Chapter 6 Treatment of Patients with Chemical Sensitivity6.1 Avoidance of Chemical Substances6.1.1 Food6.1.3 Air6.1.3.1 Use of an Air Purifier6.1.4 Clothes. 6.1.5 Medicine6.2 Detoxification6.2.1 Spa, Hot Spring, Bath, Low-Temperature Sauna6.2.2 Drug Treatment6.2.2.1 Conjugation6.2.2.2 Vitamins6.2.2.3 Symptomatic Therapy6.2.2.4 Minerals6.2.2.5 EDTA, Penicillamine, PAM, and Others6.3 Alternative Therapy6.3.1 Prayer and Meditation in Zen Buddhism6.3.2 Eastern Medicine and Alternative Medicine6.4 Nutritional InstructionChapter 7 Chemical Sensitivity in Children7.1 General Symptoms7.1.1 Formaldehyde Concentration and Symptoms7.1.2 TVOC Concentration and Symptoms7.1.3 Red Cell Cholinesterase7.2 Effects of Indoor Chemicals on the Intelligence and Cognitive Function of Children7.2.1 Evaluation of Intelligence7.2.2 WISC-III Test Results and Concentration of Indoor Chemicals7.2.3 Development of Sick-House Syndrome7.3 Case Report of CS in a Young Boy Who Had Been Treated with Sumatriptan Succinate and Selective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsChapter 8 Multiple Chemical Sensitivity—Medical Aspects from Germany 8.1 Chemical Sensitivity8.2 Biochemical Individuality8.3 Randolph’s Specific Adaptation Syndrome in Response to Environmental Stressors8.4 Causes: Fire in the Body and the Brain8.5 Diagnostic Program Recommended for CS Patients8.5.1 Metabolic and Nutritional Status (Organic Acid Profiles), Toxins8.5.2 Toxic Metals8.5.3 Phthalates and Parabens Profile8.5.3.1 Why Assess Phthalate and Paraben Levels?8.5.3.2 Where Are Phthalates and Parabens Found? 8.5.4 Bisphenol A8.5.5 Hidden Food Allergies8.5.5.1 Gluten Sensitivity Can CauseNeurological and Autoimmune Disease......648.5.6 Stool and Digestive Analysis.........................8.5.6.1 Why Use Stool Analysis8.6 Therapy: The DNA Concept8.7 HEPAR-TOX Detoxification8.8 Ecological Architecture and Environmental Medicine8.8.1 New Projects in Wolfhagen—The Historic City in the Land of the Brothers GrimmChapter 9 Emission Rate of Chemical Compounds in Building Products and Materials9.1 Introduction9.2 Categories of Chemical Substances9.3 Building Products and Materials9.4 Emission Tests Using a Chamber9.4.1 Small-Chamber Method9.4.2 Large-Chamber Method9.4.3 Desiccator Method9.4.4 Passive Method9.4.5 Microchamber Method for SVOCs9.5 Labeling9.5.1 Formaldehyde9.5.2 VOCs.9.5.2.1 For VOC Standard. Chapter 10 Ventilation Strategies for Each Kind of Building and Statutory Regulations10.1 History and Background of Indoor Air Pollution Measures in Japan10.1.1 Before the Dawn of Measures against Sick Houses10.1.2 Design Assumption and Strategy of Measuresagainst the Indoor Air Pollution Problem10.2 Statutory Regulations for Indoor Air Quality10.2.1 Technical Standards in the Amended Building Standard Law10.2.2 Regulation Regarding the Use of Building Materials Containing Formaldehyde and Installation of Ventilation 10.2.2.1 Restrictions on Interior Finishing 10.2.2.2 Mandatory Installation of Ventilation 10.2.2.3 Restrictions Concerning Attic and Adjacent Concealed Spaces 10.2.3 Technical Standards in the Housing Quality Assurance Act 10.2.4 Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings 10.2.5 Indoor Air Pollution Following the Amendment of the Building Standard Law in 2003 10.3 Types and Features of Ventilation Systems10.3.1 Types of Ventilation10.3.2 Methods of Selecting a Mechanical Ventilation System10.4 Trends in Technology Development and Energy-Saving Performance10.4.1 Mechanical Ventilation System Utilizing Low- Power Input Motors10.4.2 Demand-Controlled Ventilation10.4.3 Mechanical Ventilation Systems with a Heat Exchanger10.4.4 Hybrid Ventilation System10.5 Important Points for Planning and Operation of Ventilation Systems10.5.1 Planning of the Ventilation Path10.5.2 Notes for Calculating Pressure Drops10.5.3 Notes on Construction10.5.4 Notes Concerning Regular Maintenance10.5.5 Steps for Ventilation Planning10.6 Ventilation Equipment in Large Buildings10.6.1 Ventilation in Designated Buildings10.6.2 Ventilation Systems Except Those Employed in Centrally Controlled HVAC SystemsChapter 11 Ventilation, Air-Tightness, and Air Pollution11.1 Outline of the Measurement Survey11.1.1 Survey Period and Investigated Houses11.1.2 Survey Points and Measurement Method 11.2 Measurement Results 11.2.1 Air-Tightness of Houses 11.2.2 Ventilation Rate of the Ventilation System 11.3 Comparison of Air-Tightness, Ventilation System, and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.3.1 Comparison of Air-Tightness and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.3.2 Comparison of Air Change Rate and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.4 ConclusionsChapter 12 Chemical Features of Indoor Pollutants and Current Regulations12.1 Usage and Sources of Chemical Species Detected in Indoor Environments12.1.1 Artificial Wooden Boards and Adhesives12.1.2 Paint12.1.3 Fungicides, Repellents, Mothballs, Air Fresheners, and Disinfectants12.1.4 Plasticizers and Flame Retardants12.1.5 Smoking and Burning Appliances12.1.6 Secondary Generated Compounds12.1.7 Contaminants in Outdoor Air12.1.8 Unknown Pollutants12.2 Determination of Pollutants from the View of Health Effects12.2.1 Target Health Effects12.2.1.1 Sick-House Syndrom12.2.1.2 Asthma12.2.1.3 Endocrine Disruption12.2.1.4 Cancer12.2.2 Field Survey of Indoor Pollution12.3 Risk Assessment12.3.1 What Is Risk Assessment12.3.2 Hazard Assessment12.3.3 Exposure Assessment12.3.4 Risk Assessment12.4 Enforcement and Effect of Regulations12.4.1 Time Course of Regulations12.4.2 Impact of RegulationsChapter 13 Methods for Measurement of Indoor Pollution13.1 Methods for Measurement of Indoor Concentration13.1.1 Integration Measurement13.1.1.1 Active Method13.1.1.2 Passive Method13.1.1.3 Subject Compounds, CarbonylCompounds, VOCs, TVOCs, SVOCs13.1.2 Instant Measurement13.1.2.1 Subject Compounds, TVOCs,Formaldehyde13.1.2.2 On-Site Method of Measuring SourceIntensity and Ventilation Rate13.1.3 Combined Application of IntegrationMeasurement and Instant Measurement................... 13013.1.3.1 Peak Capture Method................................ 13113.2 Methods of Measuring the Emission Rate of BuildingMaterials................................................................................. 13113.2.1 Desiccator Method.................................................... 13113.2.2 Chamber Method....................................................... 13213.2.3 On-Site Measurement Method.................................. 13313.2.3.1 Field and Laboratory Emission Cell.......... 13313.2.3.2 Passive Emission Colorimetric Sensor...... 13313.2.3.3 Passive Flux Sampler................................. 13413.2.3.4 Advanced Diffusive SamplingEmission Cell............................................. 13513.3 Methods of Measuring Personal Exposure Amount.............. 13513.3.1 Active Sampling–Passive Sampling Method............ 13513.3.1.1 Search for Causative Compoundof Chemical Sensitivity.............................. 13513.3.2 Instant Measurement Method.................................... 13613.3.2.1 TVOCs and HRV....................................... 136Endnotes............................................................................................ 136Chapter 14 The Current Situation and Shift in Approaches to Indoor AirPollution............................................................................................ 139Miyuki Noguchi14.1 Framework of Laws and Regulations..................................... 13914.1.1 Housing Quality Assurance Act................................ 13914.1.2 School Health and Safety Act................................... 13914.1.3 Act on Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings........ 14014.1.4 Revised Building Standards Act............................... 14014.1.5 Indoor Density Guideline Value................................ 141xii Contents14.2 Trends after Determination of Guideline Values................... 14214.2.1 Advantageous Effect of Formaldehyde Labeling...... 14214.2.1.1 Formaldehyde Concentration in NewResidential Housing................................... 14214.2.2 Composition of VOCs............................................... 14314.2.2.1 Significant Reductionof Concentrations of GuidelineSubstances................................................. 14314.2.2.2 High Concentration Substances(TVOCs, Acetaldehyde, AliphaticCompounds, etc.)....................................... 14314.2.3 Widespread Use of Alternative Substances............... 14314.2.3.1 Low Formaldehyde Emission Adhesives.... 14514.2.3.2 Water-Based Paint and Ink........................ 14514.2.3.3 Increased Use of Aliphatic Compounds.... 14514.2.4 Temporal Change of Indoor TVOC Concentration.... 14614.2.5 Trends of Social Recognitions for Indoor AirPollution: New and Remodeled Houses.................... 14614.2.5.1 Completion Checks by the HousingQuality Assurance Act............................... 14614.2.5.2 Widespread Indoor Air Pollutionwith Nonregulated Substances.................. 14614.2.5.3 Recognition That SHS Was Resolved........ 14714.2.6 Change in Social Recognition of Indoor AirPollution: Routine Countermeasures......................... 14714.2.6.1 Air Cleaners............................................... 14814.2.6.2 Oxidative Decomposition.......................... 14814.2.6.3 Secondary Pollutants................................. 14814.3 Required or Recommended Countermeasures....................... 14814.3.1 Regulation of TVOC Concentration.......................... 14814.3.1.1 Enforcement of the Elimination Period..... 14914.3.1.2 Information Sharing Amongthe Relevant Parties................................... 14914.3.2 Collecting Information from Medical Doctors......... 14914.3.2.1 Selection Method for New GuidelineSubstances................................................. 14914.4 Formulation of Counseling or Inquiry Systemsfor Patients and New Occupants............................................. 150Chapter 15 Investigation of Indoor Environments and Occupants’ Healthin Sick Houses................................................................................... 151Hiroshi Yoshino, Sachiko Hojo, and Rie Takaki15.1 Field Survey on Indoor Air Quality, BuildingPerformance, and Occupants’ Health of 62 Sick Houses....... 15115.1.1 Description of the Investigation................................ 151Contents xiii15.1.1.1 Investigated Houses................................... 15115.1.1.2 Investigation of Building Performanceand the Indoor Environment...................... 15215.1.1.3 Survey Questionnaire about HealthConditions.................................................. 15315.1.2 Results....................................................................... 15315.1.2.1 Results of Chemical SubstanceConcentration Measurements.................... 15315.1.2.2 Relationship between FormaldehydeConcentration and Air-TightnessMeasurement.............................................. 15315.1.2.3 Relationship between FormaldehydeConcentration and Air Change Rate.......... 15515.1.2.4 Sick-House Syndrome Basedon the QEESI® Questionnaire15.1.3 Chemical Substance Concentration and Occupants’ Symptoms15.1.3.1 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and SHS15.1.3.2 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and Severity of Symptoms15.1.4 Conclusion15.2 Long-Term Observations Mainly for 30 Houses15.2.1 Investigated Houses15.2.2 Results of the Investigation15.2.2.1 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and Building Age 15.2.2.2 Yearly Changes of Occupants’ Symptoms 15.2.3 Change of Symptoms and Chemical Substance Concentrations 15.2.3.1 Change of Symptoms in Response to Countermeasures against Mitigation of SHS 15.2.3.2 Decrease of Chemical Substance Concentration in Response to Countermeasures against Sick Houses 15.2.4 Conclusions Chapter 16 Round Table Discussion 16.1 The Current Situation of Indoor Air Pollution 16.2 Medical Correlations in Japan 16.3 Government Actions 16.4 Patients’ Compensation 16.5 Damp Buildings 16.6 Trade-Offs
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The University of North Carolina Press All Health Politics Is Local
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