Environmental factors Books

Book SynopsisTime wants you dead. Not just you, but your friends, family, pets - everyone you’ve ever met… ''A beautifully written book about life and death: busts myths, explores the stories of science and history, and ultimately is rich and uplifting.'' Dr Adam Rutherford With over 17,000 known diseases affecting humans, and countless poisons, carcinogens and toxins in our environment, it’s a miracle that our bodies manage to keep us alive. And that is, of course, if they don’t betray us themselves, whether through cancers or autoimmune conditions. Biomedical researcher Professor John Tregoning tells the unlikely story of how, against all odds, we manage to stay alive. Taking an organ-by-organ tour of the human body, Tregoning embarks on his own experimental quest, testing ''life-extending'' diets and exercise regimes to separate fact from fad. Exploring the multitude of ways our bodies can kill us, from inherited genetic conditions, through heart attacks, arrythmias and angina, onto the delicate workings of the brain, Live Forever? offers compelling insight into how our bodies work, how we can best look after them - and ultimately live longer, healthier lives. *** ''I heartily recommend this deep dive into wellness... It turns out that none of us are getting out of here alive, but John has bravely put his mind and body on the line to discover the secrets of staying healthy and happy as we get older. A funny, fascinating and educative book.'' Ben Willbond, co-creator of Ghosts ''The idea that a book about death and dying could be a delightful read seems ridiculous, and yet John Tregoning has pulled off this trick with humour, flair and elegance.'' Nessa Carey, author of The Epigenetics Revolution ''An enjoyable and entertaining mixture of scientific facts about ageing and completely unscientific self-experimentation... recognizing that although none of us will live forever, there are ways we can improve our chances of living well while we are still around.'' Dame Sarah Gilbert

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Book SynopsisThis guide brings together the varied and multiple skills and activities required of pest control practitioners, including biology, chemistry, architecture, engineering, sales, logistics, legal and accounting, presented with a primary emphasis on pest organisms at its core. This book provides information and tips on all of these aspects and: explores the business of controlling pests (including trends in the industry, pest control tools, and sustainable pest control); covers biological information on each pest in addition to information on control and management, monitoring and follow-up; focusses particularly on globally significant pests with internationally-applicable use and guidance; and provides practical and hands-on experience, drawing on original case studies This is a key resource for pest control practitioners, as well as in-house staff of companies or buildings involved in household or urban pest control. It is also a valuable reference for researchers, and sanitation and building managers.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Understanding the business of controlling pests Chapter 2: Household pests and their control – Cockroach Chapter 3: Household pests and their control – Flies Chapter 4: Household pests and their control – Mosquito Chapter 5: Household pests and their control – Bed bug Chapter 6: Household pests and their control – Termite Chapter 7: Sporadic pests and their control Chapter 8: Stored product pests Chapter 9: Vertebrate pest and their control – Rats Chapter 10: Methodology in pest control – Insecticide formulations Chapter 11: Methodology in pest control – Insecticide baits and baiting Chapter 12: Sift to Integrated pest management (IPM) Chapter 13: Handling pesticide

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Book SynopsisFrom gluten-free to all-Paleo, GMOs to grass-fed beef, our newsfeeds abound with nutrition advice. Whether sensational headlines from the latest study or anecdotes from celebrities and food bloggers, we''re bombarded with superfoods and best ever diets promising to help us lose weight, fight disease, and live longer. At the same time, we live in an over-crowded food environment that makes it easy to eat, all the time. The result is an epidemic of chronic disease amidst a culture of nutrition confusion-and copious food choices that challenge everyday eaters just trying to get a healthy meal on the table. But the exhilarating truth is that scientists know an astounding amount about the power of food. A staggering 80% of chronic diseases are preventable through modifiable lifestyle changes, and diet is the single largest contributing factor. And we also know the secrets to eating sustainably to protect our planet. In Food & Nutrition, Harvard- and Columbia-trained nutrition scientist Dr. Table of ContentsForeword PART I. From Farm to Fork: Why What We Eat Matters Chapter 1. Introduction: Framing Today's Food and Nutrition Issues Chapter 2. Global Food and Nutrition Challenges PART II. Dining Throughout Human History: Science, Technology, Eater, Environment Chapter 3. Paleo to Present: How Revolutions, Discoveries, and Inventions Shape our Diet Chapter 4. Contemporary Food Production, Nutrition Buzzwords, and Implications for Health: Fact or Fiction? Chapter 5. Diets Today: Why We Eat the Way We Do PART III. Essential Food and Nutrition: Separating Science from Junk Science Chapter 6. Nutrition: A Brief History of Scientific Discoveries and Public Health Interventions Chapter 7. Small and Mighty: Vitamins, Minerals, and Phytonutrients Chapter 8. The Foundation of Nutrition: Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein PART IV. Food, Glorious Food Chapter 9. Vegetables, Fruits, and Health Chapter 10. The Whole (Grain) Truth Chapter 11. Beans and Peas, Legumes and Pulses, Nuts and Seeds Chapter 12. Terrestrial Animals and Animal-based Foods, Farm to Fork Chapter 13. Water Dwellers: Fish and Seafood Chapter 14. Water: Drink (and Eat) Up Chapter 15. Coffee and Tea: Impacts on Health and Environment Chapter 16. Alcohol and Health: Cheers!? Chapter 17. Sweet Drinks: Fruit Juice, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, and Diet Soda (Pop) PART V. Today and Tomorrow: Diets for Optimal Health, Longevity, and Sustainability Chapter 18. Putting it All Together: Creating a Health-Giving Diet That Works for You Chapter 19. Nutrition in Action: Making Health-Giving Diets a Habit, for Life Chapter 20. Conclusion Afterword

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Book SynopsisChildren are exquisitely sensitive to hazards in the environment. Even minute quantities of toxic chemicals can trigger cellular changes that result in disease and disability that affect children across their lifespan. New discoveries in children''s environmental health continue to elucidate the profound impacts of chemical, biological, physical and societal hazards on children''s health and guide effective intervention. Textbook of Children''s Environmental Health is the landmark textbook channeling scientific findings into evidence-based strategies in children''s environmental health. Edited by two internationally recognized pioneers in environmental pediatrics, this second edition presents up-to-date information on the chemical, biological, physical, and societal hazards that confront children in today''s world. It presents carefully documented data on rising rates of disease in children with new or expanded chapters covering the climate crisis, biodiversity, racism and environmenta

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Book SynopsisAmphibians are the extant descendants of the first vertebrate class to successfully colonize terrestrial environments; hence they occupy a unique position between fish and reptiles. Amphibian skin provides essentially no resistance to evaporative water loss, and consequently daily water turnover rates are an order of magnitude greater than in other terrestrial vertebrate groups. This has led to a suite of physiological, morphological and behavioural adaptations that have allowed a successful terrestrial existence in spite of this apparently spendthrift water retention strategy. Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Amphibians provides a synthesis of current research on the comparative physiology of amphibians with a particular emphasis on water balance. It adopts a strong environmental perspective and includes a wealth of information on ecology, phylogeny and development. As with other books in the Ecological and Environmental Physiology Series, the emphasis in this book is on theTrade ReviewAn important and significant resource, with an excellent review of the state of our current understanding of amphibian physiology. * BioScience *This book is full of detailed information that should make it a key reference for amphibian biologists. * The Quarterly Review of Biology *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. General Physiological Principles ; 3. Specialized Physiological Characteristics of Amphibia ; 4. Physiological Adaptations to Extreme Environments ; 5. Approaches and Techniques ; 6. Conclusions and Future Directions

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Book SynopsisBirds have colonized almost every terrestrial habitat on the planet - from the poles to the tropics, and from deserts to high mountain tops. Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Birds focuses on our current understanding of the unique physiological characteristics of birds that are of particular interest to ornithologists, but also have a wider biological relevance. An introductory chapter covers the basic avian body plan and their still-enigmatic evolutionary history. The focus then shifts to a consideration of the essential components of that most fundamental of avian attributes: the ability to fly. The emphasis here is on feather evolution and development, flight energetics and aerodynamics, migration, and as a counterpoint, the curious secondary evolution of flightlessness that has occurred in several lineages. This sets the stage for subsequent chapters, which present specific physiological topics within a strongly ecological and environmental framework. These include gas exTrade ReviewThis book is a comprehensive monograph on all the aspects of the molecular reaction dynamics and is useful for all the specialists in physico-chemical and chemical fields. * Corina Cernatescu, IASI Polytechnic Magazine *Table of Contents1. Introduction - Blueprint of a Bird (Bauplan/Body plan) ; 2. General Physiological Principles ; 3. Physiological Bases of Fecundity/Longevity Tradeoffs ; 4. Adaptations: Obtaining and Processing Food ; 5. Adaptations: Living in Specific Environments ; 6. Adaptations: Neural and Sensory ; 7. Adaptations: Developmental Physiology ; 8. Approaches and Techniques ; 9. Conclusions and Future Directions ; References ; Index

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Book SynopsisGlobal Public Health: a new era is a comprehensive updated account of the international state of public health, including an agenda for improving the practice of the discipline across the world. It addresses three major issues:- the changing global context for public health- the state of public health theory and practice in developed and developing countries; and- strategies for strengthening the practice of public healthSection one surveys the complex old and new challenges facing public health practitioners, and then summarises the state of health globally using new data based on measures of the Global Burden of Disease developed by the Word Health Organization, and other groups, to better describe population health states and trends.Section two presents the first detailed review of the global state of public health. It analyses the public health situation in all regions of the world. Six chapters cover Europe, Latin America, and Australia and New Zealand.. Three chapters cover ChinaTrade ReviewThis book presents a very comprehensive account of public health from a global perspective. * BMA Medical Book Competition *Table of Contents1. The global context for public health ; 2. Current global health status ; 3. Public health in the UK ; 4. Public health in Sweden: facts, visions and lessons ; 5. Public health in central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union ; 6. Improving Canada's response to public health challenges: the creation of a new public health agency ; 7. Public health in Latin America ; 8. Public health in Africa ; 9. Public Health in China: history and contemporary challenges ; 10. Public health in South Asia ; 11. Public health in Australia and New Zealand ; 12. Ethical issues in global public health ; 13. Putting the public into public health: towards a more people-centred approach ; 14. Strengthening public health for the new era

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Book SynopsisA global guide to sewers that celebrates the magnificently designed and engineered structures beneath the world's great cities.The sewer, in all its murkiness, filthiness, and subterranean seclusion, has been an evocative (and redolent) literary device, appearing in works by writers ranging from Charles Dickens to Graham Greene. This entertaining and erudite book provides the story behind, or beneath, these stories, offering a global guide to sewers that celebrates the magnificently designed and engineered structures that lie underneath the world's great cities. Historian Stephen Halliday leads readers on an expedition through the execrable evolution of waste management—the open sewers, the cesspools, the nightsoil men, the scourge of waterborne diseases, the networks of underground piping, the activated sludge, the fetid fatbergs, and the sublime super sewers.Halliday begins with sanitation in the ancient cities of Mesopotamia, Greece, and Imperial Rome, and con

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Book SynopsisProviding a detailed examination of the issues that affect the long term health of aircrew, cabin crew and passengers, Air Travel and Health offers guidance to engineers designing aircraft in the difficult field of legislation and product liability. Examining the facts, anecdotes and myths associated with health and travel, Seabridge and Morgan draw balanced conclusions on which the aircraft operations and design communities can act to provide cost-effective solutions. The authors present a useful reference for aircrew, regulatory authorities, engineers and managers within the aerospace industry, and medical and human factor specialists, as well as an informative resource for undergraduate and graduate students.Trade Review"As a result, I was delighted to receive for review this book written by two well respected flight systems engineers recently retired from the UK aviation industry." (The Aeronautical Journal , 1 December 2011) "This is an insightful book, one which should give its intended audience - and interested passengers - pause for thought." (RoSPA Occupational Safety & Health Journal, 1 May 2011) "Seabridge, a retired chief flight systems engineer, and Morgan who is affiliated with Copycat Communications Ltd. investigate common complaints, the evidence, the biological and environmental dimensions that might be involved, and possible solutions to air travel's affect on health. The topics are some minor ailments, air quality, deep vein thrombosis, noise and vibration, exposure to radiation, back and neck pain, military issues, workstation use, the regulation and control of risks to health, and the design process." (Reference and Research Book News, February 2011) "The authors present a useful reference for aircrew, regulatory authorities, engineers and managers within the aerospace industry, and medical and human factor specialists, as well as an informative resource for undergraduate and graduate students." (Asiaing.com, 10 November 2010) Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xv Preface xvii Series Preface xix Acknowledgements xxi Acronyms and Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Factors Affecting Health 2 1.2 The System of Interest 2 1.2.1 The Operating Environment 2 1.2.2 The Atmosphere 3 1.2.3 The Aircraft Inhabitants 4 1.2.4 Sources of Environmental Stimuli 5 1.3 The Aircraft 6 1.3.1 Military Aircraft 6 1.3.2 Commercial Aircraft 8 1.4 Design Considerations 10 1.5 Summary 14 References 16 Further Reading 16 Useful Web Sites 16 2 Some ‘Minor’ Ailments 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.1.1 Health Information 17 2.1.2 Considering the Whole Trip 18 2.1.3 Some Symptoms Reported by Travellers 18 2.1.4 Health Risks 19 2.2 Some Common Conditions of Air Travel 20 2.2.1 General Discomfort 20 2.2.2 Jet Lag (Circadian Dysrhythmia) 21 2.2.3 Fear of Flying (Aerophobia) 23 2.2.4 Discomfort of the Ears 23 References 25 Further Reading 25 Useful Web Sites 26 3 Air Quality 27 3.1 The Environment 28 3.1.1 The Atmosphere 28 3.1.2 Air Quality 28 3.1.3 Cabin Air Supply 29 3.1.4 Sources of Contamination 29 3.2 Aircraft Environments 31 3.2.1 Commercial Aircraft 31 3.2.2 Military Aircraft 33 3.3 Environmental Control Systems 36 3.3.1 Air Cooling 36 3.3.2 Air Distribution 36 3.4 Health Issues 40 3.4.1 Effects of Contamination 41 3.4.2 Aerotoxic Syndrome 41 3.4.3 At Risk on the Ground? 47 3.4.4 Spreading Illness 47 3.5 System Implications 48 3.5.1 Contaminants 48 3.5.2 Future Systems 51 3.6 Request for Further Information 55 References 56 Further Reading 57 Useful Web Sites 58 4 Deep Vein Thrombosis 59 4.1 Introduction 59 4.1.1 How Common Is It? 61 4.1.2 How Long Is a Long Flight? 62 4.2 The Environment 62 4.3 Aircraft Environments 63 4.3.1 Commercial Aircraft 63 4.3.2 Large Military Aircraft 64 4.3.3 Fast-Jet Military Aircraft 67 4.4 The System 67 4.4.1 Commercial Aircraft 67 4.4.2 Military Aircraft 68 4.5 Health Issues 69 4.5.1 Cabin Altitude and Pressure 70 4.5.2 SoWho Is at Risk? 71 4.5.3 Summary of Risks 72 4.6 System Implications 73 4.6.1 Litigation 73 4.6.2 Preventative Measures 74 4.6.3 Advice to Passengers 74 4.6.4 Continuing Work 76 References 77 Further Reading 78 Useful Web Sites 78 5 Noise and Vibration 79 5.1 The Environment 81 5.2 Aircraft Environment 82 5.2.1 Commercial Aircraft 82 5.2.2 Military Aircraft 83 5.3 Health Issues 85 5.3.1 Hearing 85 5.3.2 Vibration 85 5.4 System Implications 86 5.4.1 Limiting Flying Hours 86 5.4.2 Active Noise Cancellation 87 5.4.3 Microphone Disabling 87 5.4.4 Personal Noise Management 87 5.4.5 Risk Assessment 88 References 88 Further Reading 88 Useful Web Sites 88 6 Exposure to Radiation 89 6.1 The Environment 89 6.1.1 Cosmic Radiation 90 6.1.2 Radiation in Space 92 6.1.3 Non-ionising Radiation 92 6.2 The Aircraft Environment 93 6.2.1 Ionising Radiation from Space 93 6.2.2 Non-ionising RF Radiation 94 6.2.3 Understanding the Risk in Commercial Aircraft 97 6.2.4 Understanding the Risk in Military Aircraft 99 6.3 Aircraft Systems 100 6.4 Health Issues 101 6.4.1 Risk of Cancer 101 6.4.2 Risks to Female Crew Members 103 6.4.3 Risks to Passengers 103 6.4.4 Eye Damage 104 6.4.5 Damage to Life Support Equipment 104 6.5 System Implications 104 6.5.1 Legislation 104 6.5.2 Mitigating Action 108 6.6 Future Developments 109 References 110 Further Reading 112 Useful Web Sites 112 7 Back and Neck Pain 113 7.1 Back Pain 113 7.1.1 Lower Back Pain 113 7.1.2 Posture 114 7.1.3 Back Pain and Military Aircraft 114 7.1.4 Helicopter Pilots 115 7.1.5 Posture and Pain 117 7.2 Neck Strain 120 7.3 Commercial Aircraft Issues 122 7.3.1 Flight Attendants 122 7.3.2 Passengers 123 7.4 Lumbar Support 123 7.5 Advice for Passengers 125 References 126 Further Reading 127 8 Military Issues 129 8.1 The Cockpit Environment 130 8.2 Effects of Acceleration 133 8.3 Pressure Oxygen Breathing and Hypoxia 136 8.3.1 Hypoxia 136 8.3.2 Decompression Sickness 137 References 137 Further Reading 138 Useful Web Sites 138 9 Workstation Use 139 9.1 The Environment 140 9.2 Aircraft Environments 141 9.2.1 Commercial Aircraft 141 9.2.2 Military Aircraft 142 9.3 The System 143 9.4 Health Issues 146 9.4.1 Sight 146 9.4.2 Posture 147 9.4.3 Back and Neck Pain 147 9.4.4 Vibration 148 9.5 System Implications 148 Reference 150 Further Reading 150 Useful Web Sites 150 10 Regulation and Control of Risks to Health 151 10.1 General 151 10.2 Legislative Framework 152 10.2.1 Health and Safety 153 10.2.2 EU Legislation 154 10.2.3 Environmental Legislation 156 10.2.4 Air Navigation Order 157 10.2.5 Duty of Care 157 10.3 Summary of Legal Threats 157 10.3.1 Criminal Prosecution 157 10.3.2 Civil Lawsuits 158 10.3.3 Customer/Public Relations 158 10.4 Issues Arising 158 11 The Design Process 161 11.1 Control of Risk 161 11.1.1 Governance 161 11.1.2 Company Policy 162 11.1.3 Company Procedures 162 11.2 Design 162 11.2.1 Standards 162 11.2.2 Good Practice 163 11.2.3 Design and Qualification Process 163 11.3 Application 174 11.3.1 Incorporation 175 11.3.2 Operations 175 11.4 Feedback 175 11.4.1 Public Comment 176 11.4.2 Complaints 176 11.4.3 Litigation 176 Reference 177 12 Summary and Conclusions 179 12.1 Integration Effects 180 12.2 Predisposition 182 12.2.1 The Travel Experience 183 12.2.2 Genetic Factors 183 12.2.3 Public Health 183 12.3 Domestic Circumstances 183 12.3.1 Carrying and Lifting 184 12.3.2 Do-It-Yourself (DIY) 184 12.3.3 Noisy Pursuits 184 12.3.4 Lifestyle Factors 184 12.3.5 Water Sports 185 12.3.6 Obesity 185 12.4 Comparison with General Public Health Conditions 185 12.4.1 Sick Building Syndrome 185 12.4.2 Myalgic Encephalomyletis (ME) or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) 186 12.4.3 WiFi Sensitivity 187 12.4.4 Electrical Power Line Sensitivity 188 12.4.5 New Car Syndrome 189 12.4.6 Household and Industrial Cleaning Products 190 12.4.7 Discussion 191 12.5 Serious Conditions 191 12.6 Advice to Industry 191 12.6.1 Processes and Procedures 192 12.6.2 Independent Medical Advice 193 12.6.3 Research 193 12.6.4 Seeing the ‘Big Picture’ 193 12.7 Advice to Operators 195 12.7.1 Promote Awareness 195 12.7.2 Independent Medical Advice 195 12.7.3 Research 195 12.8 Advice to Travellers 195 12.8.1 Obtain Medical Advice 196 12.8.2 Improve Awareness 196 12.9 What Can Be Done? 199 12.10 Finally 204 References 204 Further Reading 205 Useful Web Sites 205 Bibliography 207 Index 217

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Book SynopsisUp-to-date coverage of vanadium research--in two accessible, self-contained volumes Vanadium in the Environment brings together the contributions of leading experts on the chemical and toxicological aspects of vanadium exposure and its effects on aquatic and terrestrial environments, human health, and wildlife. This second volume focuses on health effects and toxicology in living organisms, while Part One concentrates on chemistry and biochemistry. Topics in this second volume include: Health effects of environmental exposure to vanadium toxicology of vanadium in mammals Mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity of vanadium Baseline vanadium levels and exposure tests in humans Vanadium and metabolic problems Vanadium and its significance in animal cell metabolism Hematological effects of vanadium in living organisms Genetic toxicology of vanadium compounds Vanadium and the cardiovascular system: reTable of ContentsHealth Effects of Environmental Exposure to Vanadium (J. Lener, etal.). Toxicology of Vanadium in Mammals (K. Thompson, et al.). Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Vanadium (A.Leonard & G. Gerber). Vanadium Exposure Tests in Humans: Hair, Nails, Blood, and Urine(J. Kucera, et al.). Baseline Vanadium Levels in Human Blood, Serum, and Urine (J.Kucera & E. Sabbioni). Vanadium and Metabolic Problems (V. Sitprija & S.Eiam-Ong). Vanadium and Its Significance in Animal Cell Metabolism (H.Zaporowska & A. Scibior). Hematological Effects of Vanadium on Living Organisms (H.Zaporowska & A. Scibior). Genetic Toxicology of Vanadium Compounds (M. Altamirano-Lozano, etal.). Vanadium and the Cardivascular System: Regulatory Effects andToxicity (M. Carmignani, et al.). Effects of Vanadate in Adrenal Gland of Mammals (M. Fauth, etal.). Oxidative Strees and Pro-Oxidant Biological Effects of Vanadium (J.Byczkowski & A. Kulkarni). Endocrine Control of Vanadium Accumulation (F. Hamel). Mechanisms of Actions of Vanadium in Mediating the BiologicalEffects of Insulin (G. Elberg, et al.). Antidiabetic Action of Vanadium Complexes in Animals: Blood GlucoseNormalizing Effect, Organ Distribution of Vanadium, and Mechanismfor Insulin-Mimetic Action (H. Sakurai & A. Tsuji). Vanadium Detoxification (E. Baran). Vanadium--A New Tool for Cancer Prevention (M. Chatterjee & A.Bishayee). Index.

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Book SynopsisThe practice of performing and managing regulatory air toxic risk assessments requires an exceptionally broadbase of understanding. The information and hands-on skills needed to evaluate the effects of air toxic emissions on human health derive from a broad range of disciplines: engineering, the physical and biological sciences, probability, statistics, and medicine. Dr. Lawrence Gratt''s Air Toxic Risk Assessment and Management provides a comprehensive study of the subject of risk assessment, showing how the various disciplines are integrated to carry out this complex process. No other resource combines the basic science underlying risk assessment with the techniques needed to perform the analyses.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Risk Assessment. Health Risk Formulation. Source Terms--Emission of Air Toxics. Atmospheric Dispersion. Exposure. Dose-Response, Epidemiology, and Pharmacokinetics. Risk Estimation and Measures. Risk: Issues, Perceptions, and Communication. Risk Management and Air Toxic Controls. Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment. Appendices. Answers to Selected Exercises. Index.

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment Tim Aldrich and Jack Griffith Environmental Epidemiology and Risk Assessment addresses the historical development of environmental epidemiology, touching on recent sensationalized environmental tragedies such as Love Canal and Chernobyl.Table of ContentsPublic Awareness, Federal Policy, and Environment Epidemiology. Epidemiology: The Environmental Influence. Epidemiologic Research Methods. Disease Clusters. Surveillance Activities in Disease and Exposure Situations. Characterizing Human Exposure. Laboratory Practice. Biomarkers in Environmental Epidemiology. Disease and the Environment. Risk Assessment. Public Communication, Participation, Risk Management. Legal Aspects of Environmental Epidemiology. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn ?important and deeply researched? (The Wall Street Journal) exploration of allergies, from their first medical description in 1819 to the cutting-edge science that is illuminating the changes in our environment and lifestyles that are making so many of us sickHay fever. Peanut allergies. Eczema. Either you have an allergy or you know someone who does. Billions of people worldwide?an estimated 30 to 40 percent of the global population?have some form of allergy. Even more concerning, over the last decade the number of people diagnosed with an allergy has been steadily increasing, placing an ever-growing medical burden on individuals, families, communities, and healthcare systems.Medical anthropologist Theresa MacPhail, herself an allergy sufferer whose father died of a beesting, set out to understand why. In pursuit of answers, MacPhail studied the dangerous experiments of early immunologists as well as the mind-bending recent development of biologics and immunotherapies that are giving the most severely impacted patients hope. She scaled a roof with an air-quality controller who diligently counts pollen by hand for hours every day; met a mother who struggled to use WIC benefits for her daughter with severe food allergies; spoke with doctors at some of the finest allergy clinics in the world; and discussed the intersecting problems of climate change, pollution, and pollen with biologists who study seasonal respiratory allergies.This is the story of allergies: what they are, why we have them, and what that might mean about the fate of humanity in a rapidly changing world.

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Book SynopsisPresents information to help environmental scientists further understand the relationships between ecosystem health and human health by exploring preventative, diagnostic and prognostic aspects of ecosystem management. The book uses case study examples to explain both theory and practiceTable of ContentsNeed For A New Paradigm. Pressures On The Environment. Ecosystem Pathology. Shortcomings Of Present Approaches To Environmental Management. Limitations Of Economic Approaches. Limitations Of The Ecological Approaches. Limitations Of The Engineering Model. The Need For Integrative Knowledge. Defining Ecosystem Health. Ecosystem Health As A Metaphor. What Is Implied By The Health Metaphor At The Ecosystem Level. What Is Not Implied By The Health Metaphor At The Ecosystem Level. Ecosystem Health As A Societal Goal. Ecosystem Health As A Transdisciplinary Science. Criteria For Ecosystem Health. Vigor. Resilience. Organization. Maintenance Of Ecological Services. Management Options. Reduced Subsidy. Damage To Neighbouring Systems. Human Health Effects. Dimensions Of Ecosystem Health. Introduction. Biophysical Dimension. Socioeconomic Dimension. Human Health Dimension. Spatial/Temporal Dimension. Stress And Response. Single Stressors. Multiple Stressors. Answering The Critics. Interfacing Societal Values And Science. Distinguishing Between Health, Integrity And Sustainable Development. Ecosystem Health The Last Frontier Of Medicine. References. Part II: Approaches To Assessing The Health Of Ecosystems; Assessment By Whom, For Who, To What Ends?; The Ecosocial Dynamics Of Rural Systems:. Introduction. Pre-Modern Social Systems. The Emergence Of A Crisis Of Rural Life. The Dynamics Of Rural Poverty. The Dual Economy: A Modern Alternative For Sustainable Development. Assessing Ecosystem Health Across Spatial Scales. Introduction. Defining The Context: Ecosystem Health And Ecosocial Scale. Spatial Scalilng Of Ecosocial Complexes. The Range Of Scales: The Taiga As An Example. Criteria Of Ecosystem Health. Concluding Remarks: An Emphatic "No!" To Shallow Anthropocentrism. The Efforts Of Community Volunteers In Assessing Watershed Ecosystem Health. Introduction. Empowering Community Groups. River Watch Network; Watershed Ecosystem Health. Indicators Of Watershed Ecosystem Health. Physical Indicators. Chemical Indicators. Biological Indicators. Human Health Indicators. Human Use And Perception Indicators. Selecting Indicators. Volunteer Water Monitoring. Case Studies. Southwest: Isleta Pueblow And The Rio Grande. The US Mexico Border: The Rio Bravo River Watchers. New England: The Connecticut River Watch Program. New England: The Mystic River Watch. The Merrimack River Voluneer Environmental Monitoring Network. Case Conclusions. Conclusions. References. Assessing Cumulative Health Effects In Ecosystems. Cumulative Effects: Background And Definition. Understanding Casualty And Feedback In Assessing Cumulative Effects. Diagnostic Approaches; Loop Analysis Methodology. Core Loop Models From Data Sets. Core Models Of Marine Communities. Cumulative Effects Assessment For The Northumberland Strait. Fish Landings. Loop Analysis Models Of Key Relationships. Combined Fisheries Foodwebs Illustrating Benthic-Pelagic Coupling. Summary Of Results. Integrating Health Surveillance And Environmental Monitoring. Emerging Infectious Disease And Global Change. Introduction. Climate Change And Disease. Montane Regions. Marine Ecosystems. Global Change, Biodiversity And Marine-Related Disease. Climate Variability And Epidemics. Minimum Temperatures. Biodiversity And Emerging Infectious Diseases. Evolutionary Biology: The Environment And Disease Emergence; Ecology, Pests And Terrestrial Ecosystems. R-Selected And K-Selected Species. Cumulative Ecological Impacts Of Global Change. Synergies And Pests. Ocean Warming. Decadal Variability. Discontinuities. Costs Of Epidemics. Integrated Assessment And Monitoring. Integrated Ecological Risk Assessment. Biological Indicators For Integrated Monitoring. New Methodologies For Surveillance And Integrated Monitoring. An Historical Note On Infectious Disease Pandemics. Conclusions. Qualitative Mathematics For Understanding, Prediction And Intervention In Complex Systems. Some Methods Of Qualitative Analysis. The Indicators Of Qualitative Dynamics. Local Stability. Signed Digraphs. Resistance. Osillations. Correlation Patterns. Time Averaging. Validation Of Indicators. Inroduction. Benchmark Sites. Field Measurements. Computing Indicator Metrics. Paleoecology: A Diagnostic Approach To Assessing Ecosysem Health. Introduction. Paleolimnology. Paleolimnological Approach. Interpreting Information In Sediment Cores. Quantitative Inference. References. Ecological Risk Assessment, A Predictive Approach To Assessing Ecosystem Health. Introduction. Stages In Ecological Risk Assessment. Uncertainty In Risk Assessments. Uncertainty And Scale. Ecosystem Health And Self-Interest. Conclusions. References. Part III: Ecosystem Health And Sustainability; What Is Sustainability?. Introduction. Defining And Predicting Sustainability. When?. What System?. How Long?. Conclusions. Predictors Of Ecosystem Health. Measuring Vigor. Measuring Organization. Measuring Resilience. Social Decision Making. Using Models To Build Consensus. A Three-Step Modeling Process. Scoping And Consensus-Building Models. Research Models. Management Models. Toward Global Ecosystem Health And Sustainability: The Importance Of Envisioning. Part IV: Case Studies; The Chesapeake Bay And Its Watershed: A Model For Sustainable Ecosystem Management?. Introduction. A Summary Of The Problem. The Chesapeake Bay And Its Watershed. History Of The Bay And Its Watershed; Principal Uses And Problems Of The Chesapeake Bay. The Bay And Its Watershed As A System. Summary. Evolution Of Chesapeake Bay Management. Barriers And Bridges To Improved Management. Social Traps. Building Bridges With Incentives. Summary And Synthesis. References. Paleolimnological Assessments Of Ecosystem Health: Lake Acidification In Adirondack Park Introduction. The Acidification Of Deep Lake Regional Changes In Lake Acidification. Regional Changes In Lake Acidification. References. The Desert Grasslands. Characteristics Of The Ecosystem. History Of Degradation. Rangeland Rehavilitation. References. Health Of Some Cuban Forest Ecosystems. Introduction. Current Condition And Pressures On Cuban Ecosystems. Socio-Historical Stresses. Natural And Anthropogenic Perturbations Affecting Existing Cumban Ecosystems. Meteorological Perturbations. Ecosystem Research And Monitoring. The Sierra Del Rosario Biosphere Reserve. Methodology. Results. Conclusions. The Island Group Sabana-Camaguey Mangroves. Description And Observations. Conclusions. Summary. Critical Regions, A Profile Of The Honduras. Introduction. Deforestation And Natural Disasters. Increases In Infectious Disease. Water-Borne Infections. Vector-Borne Disease. Leishmaniasis. La Mosca Blanca. Clinical Impacts. Conclusions. Who Framed The Kyronjoki?. The Facts. The Suspects. The Options. The Decision Problems. The Future. References

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Book SynopsisJanet Greenlees examines the working environments of the heartlands of the British and American cotton textile industries from the nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. She contends that the air quality within these pioneering workplaces was a key contributor to the health of the wider communities of which they were a part.Trade Review"This is a promising, important, and long-awaited project—the first comparative history of industry-related hazards in the United States and Britain. The author has synthesized a vast body of research, much of it her own original work. At once comprehensive and selective, When the Air Became Important is illuminating scholarship." -- Chris Sellers * Stony Brook University *"In this truly comparative social and environmental history of air pollution, Greenlees deftly weaves public health, regulatory politics and labor relations into a prescient reminder that protecting workers from hazardous workplaces remains a pressing issue on a global scale." -- Graham Mooney * Johns Hopkins University, and author of Instrusive Interventions: Public Health, Domestic Space, and *Table of ContentsContents List of Illustrations List of Tables List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction – When does the air in the workplace become important? 2 Textile town and mill environments 3 Tuberculosis in the factory 4 “I used to feel ill with it:” Heat, humidity and fatigue 5 Dust: A New Socio-Environmental Relationship 6 “The noise were horrendous:” The ignored industrial hazard 7 Conclusion: When does the air become important? Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisIf you want a sustainable garden and a better relationship with nature, A Greener Life is the guide you need.Packed with inspirational images and practical tips, the book covers garden planning, organic composting and vegetable growing, as well as sustainable planting, rewilding and wildlife-attracting environments. Learn traditional gardening techniques like propagating and growing from cuttings to make your garden self-sustaining, and discover plants that attract hover flies, bees and butterflies. With Jack Wallington''s warmth and expertise on every page, this is an ideal book for new gardeners seeking greener practices.Trade ReviewWallington's passion for sustainability is woven throughout A GREENER LIFE...... Practical know-how is explained in an approachable way, which makes it a good introduction for those new to gardening. For more experienced gardeners, there's inspiration for making a beautiful biodiverse outdoor space. * Louise Curley, Gardens Illustrated *Conversational, interesting, and personal ... it reaffirms the link between what we love to do and why we should be doing it with nature, the planet and our health in mind. * RHS The Garden magazine *This is a clearly presented work, with accessible topic headings and plenty of good advice sprinkled with engaging personal anecdotes. The message at the book's heart is to adopt a greener way of being and to see oneself as part of nature, not removed from it. On this point it is exceptional, distinguishing itself from many of the green gardening books written in recent years. * THE ENGLISH GARDEN *

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Book SynopsisInside OUT: Human Health and the Air-Conditioning Era focuses on the enclosed environment of fully conditioned buildings, revealing a unique ecosystem with broad implications for human life and a rapidly expanding global footprint. Emphasizing the interconnections between buildings and human health, equity, and environmental sustainability, it presents an interdisciplinary, holistic analysis of the social, behavioral, and technological issues of indoor space.Over the 20th century, advances in mechanical conditioning technologies led to the dispersion and international dominance of the sealed building envelope, which casually and progressively disconnected buildings and their occupants from local climatic, biological, and cultural environments. At the same time, humans were increasingly pushed indoors by less tangible, socially constructed forces that associated climate control with cleanliness, health, social status, and modernization.In this volume, a multi-dis

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Book SynopsisWhat can you do to improve your health and at the same time improve the health of our home planet? Do you want to be a healthier and more sustainable consumer? In this straightforward, easy-to-understand and entertaining book, dietitian and environmentalist Dr. Dana Ellis Hunnes outlines the actions we can all take. Many people feel overwhelmed by the scope of climate change and believe that only large, sweeping changes will make any difference. Yet the choices we make every day can have effects on climate change, the oceans, the land, and other species. This book outlines the problems we are facing, and then presents ideas or ''recipes'' to empower us, to help us all make a difference. Recipe For Survival provides the guidance that you can use right now to improve your health, your family''s health, and the health of the environment simultaneously.Trade Review'… a thorough introduction, and there's plenty for newbies to sink their teeth into.' Publisher's Weekly'An action-inspiring guide to transforming our personal habits so that each of us can become a powerful change agent for a brighter, greener future.' Josh Tickell, author and director of Kiss the Ground'… this brilliantly written book could become a classic. I emphatically recommend that it be required reading for any educational group or public service program which studies the environment. It is the ticket to our future. It is without parallel! Dana Ellis Hunnes presents an abundance of science-based evidence that should encourage us to think deeply about the multiple ways we humans degrade our planetary home. No reader can come away without feeling a sense of awe and urgency to do whatever we can to save our home, both individually and collectively … we can make it happen entirely within a democratic, free-market society. We simply need the collective will to do so. Dr. Hunnes provides a rich collection of ideas on how to make this happen and how to do it now! … It is well-nigh time for us to truly sense the future of our children and our grandchildren.' T. Colin Campbell, Cornell University, author of The China Study, Whole, and The Future of Nutrition: An Insider's Look at the Science, Why We Keep Getting It Wrong and How to Start Getting It Right'Dana Ellis Hunnes's fact-packed and accessible Recipe for Survival delivers on its promise to empower us in our daily lives right now. In the book's potent first half, Dana lays out the latest science documenting today's ecological and public health crises. In the second half, she shines a light on sources of hope, giving us the tools we need to make changes to our diets, our habits, and quite possibly the future of our planet.' Aaron Saul Gross, Founder, Farm Forward; Professor, University of San Diego; author of The Question of the Animal and Religion'Each of us has the power and the potential to change the world for the better. We can all make a difference when we harness our passion to the virtues of courage and imagination. Dana Ellis Hunnes understands the power of one, and the need to focus our energies in the present in order to define what the future will be. Recipe for Survival provides both guidance and answers and she has the courage to say what needs to be said.' Captain Paul Watson, Founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation SocietyTable of ContentsPart I. 1. Agriculture is a Major Driver of Climate Change (and Disease); 2. Politics and Dietary Guidelines, Two Major Problems; 3. Overfishing: There is No Such Thing as Sustainable Fish; 4. Plastic, It's What's for Dinner; 5. Environmental Exploitation; 6. Species Exploitation for Entertainment; 7. The Positives – Examples of the 'Good' Being Done Around the World; Part II: 8. Protecting Earth – One Recipe at a Time – An Introduction; 9. Epilogue: Final Thoughts and Key Takeaways; Appendix: Recipes You Can Use; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisOffers an overview of endocrine disruption phenomena. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. It also focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation.Trade Review“This book is a great resource for those wanting an overview of this grand collaborative enterprise, or for those preparing the next generation for investigating, problem-solving, and managing our bio-chemical future, giving us a chance to balance modern living with safety.” (Endocrine Disruptors, 1 October 2014)Table of ContentsForeword xiv Preface xviii Acronyms xxi Glossary xxvi 1 Environmental Endocrine Disruptors 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 The Endocrine System 1 1.1.2 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) 3 1.1.3 Sources of EDCs in the Environment 4 1.1.4 Deleterious Effects of EDCs on Wildlife and on Humans 6 1.1.5 Endocrine Disruption Endpoints 6 1.2 Salient Aspects about Endocrine Disruption 7 1.2.1 Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses 7 1.2.2 Exposures during Periods of Heightened Susceptibility in Critical Life Stages 9 1.2.3 Delayed Dysfunction 11 1.2.4 Importance of Mixtures 11 1.2.5 Transgenerational Epigenetic Effects 12 1.3 Historical Perspective of Endocrine Disruption 12 1.4 Scope and Layout of this Book 19 1.5 Conclusion 20 References 21 Part I Mechanisms Of Hormonal Action And Putative Endocrine Disruptors 27 2 Mechanisms of Endocrine System Function 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Hormonal Axes 29 2.2.1 Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Gonad (HPG) Axis 31 2.2.2 The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid (HPT) Axis 33 2.2.3 The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis 34 2.3 Hormonal Cell Signaling 35 2.3.1 Receptors and Hormone Action 35 2.3.2 Genomic Signaling Pathway 36 2.3.3 Rapid-Response Pathway (Nongenomic Signaling) 38 2.3.4 Receptor Agonists Partial Agonists and Antagonists 40 2.4 Sex Steroids 41 2.4.1 Physiologic Estrogens 41 2.4.2 Androgens 43 2.5 Thyroid Hormones 45 2.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 46 References 47 3 Environmental Chemicals Targeting Estrogen Signaling Pathways 51 3.1 Introduction 51 3.1.1 Gonadal Estrogen Function Disruptors 52 3.2 Steroidal Estrogens 54 3.2.1 Physiologic Estrogens 55 3.2.2 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) 55 3.2.3 Phytoestrogens 57 3.2.4 Mycoestrogen – Zearalenone (ZEN) 59 3.3 Nonsteroidal Estrogenic Chemicals 60 3.3.1 Diethylstilbestrol (DES) 60 3.3.2 Organochlorine Insecticides 62 3.3.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 65 3.3.4 Alkyphenols 65 3.3.5 Parabens (Hydroxy Benzoates) 73 3.3.6 Sun Screens (Chemical UV Filters) 74 3.4 Metalloestrogens 75 3.4.1 Cadmium (Cd) 76 3.4.2 Lead (Pb) 76 3.4.3 Mercury (Hg) 77 3.4.4 Arsenic (As) 77 3.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 78 References 78 4 Anti-Androgenic Chemicals 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Testosterone Synthesis Inhibitors 92 4.2.1 Phthalates 92 4.3 Androgen Receptor (AR) Antagonists 96 4.3.1 Organochlorine (OC) Pesticides 96 4.3.2 Organophosphorus (OP) Insecticides 98 4.3.3 Bisphenol A (BPA) 99 4.3.4 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 99 4.3.5 Vinclozolin (VZ) 100 4.3.6 Procymidone 101 4.4 AR Antagonists and Fetal Testosterone Synthesis Inhibitors 102 4.4.1 Prochloraz 102 4.4.2 Linuron 103 4.5 Comparative Anti-Androgenic Effects of Pesticides to Androgen Agonist DHT 103 4.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 103 References 104 5 Thyroid-Disrupting Chemicals 111 5.1 Introduction 111 5.2 Thyroid Synthesis Inhibition by Interference in Iodide Uptake 113 5.2.1 Perchlorate 113 5.3 TH Transport Disruptors and Estrogen Sulfotransferases Inhibitors 114 5.3.1 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 114 5.3.2 Triclosan 116 5.4 Thyroid Hormone Level Disruptors 117 5.4.1 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 117 5.5 Selective Thyroid Hormone Antagonists 119 5.5.1 Bisphenols 119 5.5.2 Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) 120 5.5.3 Phthalates 120 5.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 121 References 121 6 Activators of PPAR RXR AhR and Steroidogenic Factor 1 126 6.1 Introduction 126 6.2 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Agonists 127 6.2.1 Organotin Antifoulant Biocides 128 6.2.2 Perfluoroalkyl Compounds (PFCs) 130 6.2.3 Phthalates 132 6.3 Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Agonists 133 6.3.1 Polychlorinated-Dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and -Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) 133 6.3.2 Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyls 135 6.3.3 Substituted Urea and Anilide Herbicides 135 6.4 Steroidogenesis Modulator (Aromatase Expression Inducer) 136 6.4.1 Atrazine 136 6.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 138 References 139 7 Effects of EDC Mixtures 146 7.1 Introduction 146 7.2 Combined Effect of Exposure to Multiple Chemicals 146 7.3 Mixture Effects of Estrogenic Chemicals 148 7.4 Mixture Effects of Estrogens and Anti-Estrogens 151 7.5 Mixture Effects of Anti-Androgens 152 7.5.1 Anti-Androgens with Common Mechanism of Action 152 7.5.2 Anti-Androgens with Different Modes of Action 154 7.5.3 Chronic Exposure of Low Dose Mixture of Anti-Androgens Versus Acute Exposure to High Dose Individual Compounds 156 7.6 Mixture Effects of Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals 157 7.7 Mixture Effects of Chemicals Acting via AhR 158 7.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects 158 References 161 8 Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Modifications and Transgenerational Effects 166 8.1 Introduction 166 8.2 Regulatory Epigenetic Modifications 168 8.2.1 Methylation of Cytosine Residues in the DNA and Impact on Gene Expression (Transcriptional Silencing) 168 8.2.2 Remodeling of Chromatin Structure through Post-Translational Modifications of Histone Tails (Determinants of Accessibility) 170 8.2.3 Regulation of Gene Expression by Noncoding RNAs 173 8.2.4 DNA Demethylation 174 8.2.5 Assays for Epigenetic Modification 175 8.3 Epigenetic Dysregulation Effects of Endocrine Disruption 176 8.3.1 Bisphenol A (BPA): A Case Study 177 8.3.2 DEHP 179 8.4 Environmental Epigenetic Effects of Heavy Metals Exposure 179 8.4.1 Cadmium 180 8.4.2 Arsenic 180 8.4.3 Nickel 180 8.4.4 Lead 181 8.5 Transgenerational Inheritance of Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Alterations 181 8.5.1 DES 182 8.5.2 Vinclozolin 183 8.5.3 Methoxychlor 185 8.5.4 BPA 185 8.5.5 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) 185 8.6 Transgenerational Actions of EDCs Mixture on Reproductive Disease 186 8.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects 187 References 188 Part II Removal Mechanisms Of Edcs Through Biotic And Abiotic Processes 195 9 Biodegradations and Biotransformations of Selected Examples of EDCs 197 9.1 Introduction 197 9.2 Natural and Synthetic Steroidal Estrogens 199 9.2.1 17β-Estradiol and Estrone 199 9.2.2 17α-Ethynylestradiol 202 9.3 Alkylphenols 205 9.3.1 4-n-Nonylphenol (4-NP1) 205 9.3.2 4-tert-Nonylphenol Isomer 4-(1-Ethyl-1,4-Eimethylpentyl) Phenol (NP112) 208 9.3.3 4-tert-Nonylphenol Isomer 4-[1-Ethyl-1,3-Dimethylpentyl] Phenol (4-NP111) 210 9.3.4 4-n- and 4-tert-Octylphenols 212 9.3.5 Bisphenol A 214 9.4 Phthalates 220 9.4.1 Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP) 221 9.4.2 n-Butyl Benzyl Phthalate (BBP) 222 9.4.3 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) 223 9.4.4 Di-n-octyl Phthalate (DOP) 226 9.5 Insecticides 226 9.5.1 Methoxychlor 226 9.6 Fungicides 228 9.6.1 Vinclozolin 228 9.6.2 Procymidone 231 9.6.3 Prochloraz 232 9.7 Herbicides 232 9.7.1 Linuron 232 9.7.2 Atrazine 233 9.8 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 236 9.9 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 238 9.9.1 2,2’,4,4’ -Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) 238 9.9.2 2,2’,4,4’,5-Penta-bromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-99) 243 9.9.3 3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6,6’-Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) 243 9.10 Triclosan 245 9.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects 245 References 246 10 Abiotic Degradations/Transformations of EDCs Through Oxidation Processes 254 10.1 Introduction 254 10.2 Natural and Synthetic Estrogens 256 10.2.1 17β-Estradiol (E2) and Estrone (E1) 256 10.2.2 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) 260 10.3 Bisphenol A 260 10.3.1 Chlorination with HOCl 263 10.3.2 Catalytic Oxidation with H2O2 263 10.3.3 Oxidation with KMnO4 266 10.3.4 Oxidation with MnO2 267 10.3.5 Treatment with Zero-Valent Aluminum 267 10.3.6 Ozonation 267 10.3.7 Fenton Reaction 270 10.3.8 Photolytic and Photocatalytic Degradation 272 10.4 4-Octylphenol and 4-Nonylphenol 272 10.4.1 Chlorination 272 10.4.2 Ozonation 274 10.4.3 Photocatalytic Degradation 274 10.5 Parabens 274 10.5.1 Ozonation 276 10.5.2 Photocatalytic Degradation 276 10.6 Phthalates – Photocatalytic Degradation 276 10.6.1 Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) 277 10.6.2 n-Butyl Benzylphthalate 277 10.6.3 Di(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) 279 10.7 Linuron 279 10.7.1 Treatment with O3 UV and UV/O3 279 10.8 Atrazine 281 10.8.1 Fenton Reaction 281 10.8.2 Reaction with Ozone Ozone/H2O2 and Ozone/OH Radicals 282 10.8.3 Treatment with δ-MnO2 282 10.8.4 Reductive Dechlorination 282 10.8.5 Photocatalytic Degradation 282 10.9 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants 282 10.9.1 Photochemical Degradation 282 10.9.2 TiO2-Mediated Photocatalytic Debromination 284 10.9.3 Zero-Valent Iron Reductive Debromination 285 10.10 Triclosan 285 10.10.1 Clorination with HOCl 285 10.10.2 Oxidation with KMnO4/MnO2 286 10.10.3 Ozonation 286 10.10.4 Photochemical Transformation 286 10.11 PFOA and PFOS 289 10.11.1 Modified Fenton Reaction 289 10.11.2 Sonochemical Degradation 289 10.11.3 Photocatalytic Reaction 289 10.12 Conclusions 289 References 290 Part III Screening And Testing For Potential Edcs Implications For Water Quality Sustainability Policy And Regulatory Issues And Green Chemistry Principles In The Design Of Safe Chemicals And Remediation Of Edcs 297 11 Screening and Testing Programs for EDCs 299 11.1 Introduction 299 11.2 Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) 300 11.2.1 EDSP Tier 1 301 11.2.2 EDSP Tier 2 302 11.3 Assays for the Detection of Chemicals that Alter the Estrogen Signaling Pathway 304 11.3.1 The ER Binding Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1250) 304 11.3.2 ERα Transcriptional Activation Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1300; OECD 455) 304 11.3.3 Aromatase Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1200) 306 11.3.4 In vivo Uterotrophic Bioassay in Rodents (USEPA OPPTS 890.1600; OECD 440) 307 11.3.5 Pubertal Female Rat Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1450) 308 11.3.6 Twenty-One-Day Fish Reproduction Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1350; OECD 229) 308 11.4 Assays for the Detection of Chemicals that Alter the Androgenic Signaling Pathway 308 11.4.1 AR Binding Assay (Rat Prostate Cytosol) (USEPA OPPTS 890.1150) 309 11.4.2 H295R Steroidogenesis Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1550) 309 11.4.3 Hershberger Bioassay in Rats for Androgenicity (USEPA OCSPP 890.1400; OECD 441) 309 11.4.4 Pubertal Male Rat Assay (USEPA OPPTS 890.1500) 310 11.4.5 Strengths and Limitations of Assays for Interference with Androgen Action 310 11.5 Assays for the Detection of Chemicals that Alter the HPT Axis 311 11.5.1 Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (OPPTS 890.1100) 311 11.5.2 Strengths and Limitations of Thyroid Disrupting Chemical Assays 311 11.6 The USEPA’s EDSP21 Work Plan 312 11.6.1 The USEPA ToxCast Program 313 11.6.2 Tox21 HTS Programs 314 11.7 Conclusions and Future Prospects 316 References 317 12 Trace Contaminants: Implications for Water Quality Sustainability 320 12.1 Introduction 320 12.2 Trace Contaminants Sources in Water 321 12.3 Wastewater Reclamation Processes 323 12.3.1 Primary Treatment: Sedimentation/Coagulation 323 12.3.2 Secondary Treatment: Removal by Physical Methods or Biological Process 324 12.3.3 Tertiary Treatment: Redox Processes 325 12.4 Indirect Water Reuse Systems 326 12.4.1 Removal of Trace Contaminants for Potable Water Reuse Applications 326 12.5 Leaching of Contaminants in Water – the Case of Bottled Water 327 12.6 Water Quality Sustainability and Health Effects 328 12.7 Toxicological Implications 329 12.8 Regulatory Structures to Maintain Water Quality 330 12.9 Conclusions and Future Prospects 331 References 333 13 Policy and Regulatory Considerations for EDCs 339 13.1 Introduction 339 13.2 Regulating Paradigm Shift in Conventional Toxicology 340 13.2.1 Downward Movement of Safe Thresholds 341 13.2.2 Nonmonotonic Low-Dose Effects (Nonthreshold substances) 341 13.2.3 Sensitivity of Development Periods 342 13.2.4 Cumulative Exposures to Multiple EDCs (Exposures can be Additive) 342 13.2.5 Long Latency Between Exposure and Effect (Delayed Effects) 343 13.3 Policy Options for EDC Regulation 344 13.3.1 Scientific Uncertainty and Precautionary Policy 344 13.3.2 Shifting the Burden of Proving Safe Products 345 13.3.3 Need to Broaden the Risk Assessment 346 13.3.4 Cutting-Edge Bioassays Showing Developmental Endpoints 346 13.4 Controversy on Regulatory Framework for EDCs 348 13.4.1 Diversity of Viewpoints of the Risk Assessors and the Endocrine Scientists 348 13.4.2 A Debate on EU Regulatory Framework for EDCs 350 13.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 351 References 353 14 Green Chemistry Principles in the Designing and Screening for Safe Chemicals and Remediation of EDCs 357 14.1 Introduction 357 14.2 Benign by Design Chemicals 358 14.3 Chemical Endocrine Disruption Screening Protocol 361 14.3.1 Tiered Protocol for Endocrine Disruption 361 14.4 Green Oxidative Remediation of EDCs 363 14.4.1 Catalytic Oxidation Processes 364 14.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 366 References 368 Index 371

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Book SynopsisMedical Geology The key to understanding the relationship between the geological environment and human health Medical geology deals with of the impact of environmental factors on the health of individual human beings and communities. In particular, it studies environmental exposure to both macro- and micronutrients in the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphererespectively, soil, water, and airborne dustwhich may positively or negatively impact human growth, development, and overall health. The insights contributed by this burgeoning field can aid not only in individual medical cases, but also in assessing disproportionately impacted communities and addressing global medical inequality. Medical Geology: En route to One Health is among the first books to address this vital subject by summarizing recent research in this field. It also serves as an introduction to the multidisciplinary One Health methodology, which unites medical, geological, and environmental insights in one continuous approach to public health. Medical Geology readers will also find: An explanation of the influence of the environment on nutrient availability Case studies of well-documented links between endemic diseases and environmental conditions A systematic analysis of the causes of essential element deficiencies in different world regions Medical Geology is an essential overview of the field, for advanced students as well as medical, environmental, or geological researchers who wish to understand the complex relationship between the geological environment and human health.Table of ContentsSection 1 - Geochemistry and Health 1. Medical geology: Geosphere, human and animal interface 2. Biogeochemistry: Essential link between geosphere and biosphere 3. Geochemical release and environmental interfaces Section 2 - Dust Storms and Health 4. Minerogenic dust: Trace elements 5. Silicosis and asbestosis 6. Radon and health Section 3 - Medical Geology of the Hydrosphere 7. Water-rock interactions: Mineral dissolution 8. Water hardness and health 9. Geochemistry of fluoride in the environment and human health 10. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and strategies for alleviation 11. Understanding nexus between hydrogeochemical cycling and medical geology of arsenic 12. Potentially toxic metals and health Section 4 - Medical Pedology: Health Effects from Soils and Sediments 13. Dynamics of trace element bioavailability in soil: Agronomic enhancement and risk assessment 14. Geochemical provenance of metalloids and their release: Implications on medical geology 15. Cobalt and copper deficiency and molybdenosis 16. Healing clays structure and functions Section 5 - Case Studies 17. Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) – the search for causes and the impact of its politicization 18. Uraniferous province of Lagoa Real: routes, dispersion and impacts of radioelements on health 19. Defluoridation 20. Pharmacology, toxicology and therapeutic effect of metals and minerals used in traditional medicine 21. Understanding the aetiology of trace elements related non-communicable diseases – reviewing the Ghanaian situation 22. Dental fluorosis in Turkey 23. Environmental and medical geology of the lead mining and metallurgical complex of Bahia: The case of lead metallurgy, Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil 24. Uncontrolled coal fires: How medical geology can save lives

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Book SynopsisThis publication estimates that the global cost of health damages associated with exposure to air pollution is $8.1 trillion, equivalent to 6.1 percent of global GDP. It further develops the evidence base for air-quality management through up-to-date estimates of air pollution’s global economic costs.

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Book SynopsisWritten by multidisciplinary experts in medicine, chemistry, and architecture, this book examines chemical sensitivity (CS). In 15 chapters fitted to 15 lectures, it discusses not only the medical explanation, but also the environmental factors of this hypersensitive reaction, such as chemistry and architectural aspects. The book overviews pollution-induced diseases such as Minamata Disease. It also points out the similarity of modern hypersensitivity syndromes to historical pollution diseases from the viewpoints of not only natural scientific aspects, but also social understanding of the disease.Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1 Present Status of Chemical Sensitivity1.1 Background1.1.1 Disease Registration of CS1.1.2 CS Studies in Europe1.1.3 CS Studies in Japan1.1.4 Sick-Building/House Syndrome1.2 Clinical Symptoms1.3 Psychiatric and Social Aspects1.4 Chemical Agents Implicated in CS1.5 Why the Diagnosis of CS Is Difficult1.5.1 Reasons for the Lack of Understanding of CSChapter 2 Effects of Chemical Sensitivity on Patients’ Daily Lives2.1 Effects of Chemical Sensitivity2.2 Countermeasures2.2.1 Making Your Home, Workplace, and School Environment Safe2.2.2 Food and Digestive Issues2.2.3 Caution in Use of Daily Products2.2.4 Avoidance of Environmental Chemicals2.2.5 Effects of Electromagnetic Waves2.2.5.1 ES and International Classification of Disease 10 (ICDChapter 3 Promoting Understanding of Chemical Sensitivity3.1 Medical Insurance in Japan3.2 Understanding of CS at the Judicial Level3.3 Education3.3.1 Specific Education of Medical Doctors3.3.2 Specific Education for Dentists3.3.3 Specific Education for the Healthcare Team3.3.4 Patient Education for a Comfortable Daily Life3.3.5 Education of LaypersonsChapter 4 Medical Facts4.1 Acute Toxicology, Intermediate Syndrome4.2 Chronic Toxicology4.3 Animal Experiments Using Extremely Low Dosages...4.4 Research on the Mechanism of CS4.4.1 Detoxification 4.4.2 Nervous Sensitivity Acquisition Chapter 5 Diagnosis 5.1 Detailed and Careful Interview 5.2 Neuro-Ophthalmological and Neurological Examinations in Conjunction with Ordinary Clinical Examinations in Japan 5.2.1 Tracking Eye Movement Examination 5.2.2 Pupillary Function 5.2.3 Standing Ability 5.2.4 Contrast Sensitivity Examination of Higher Visual Centers 5.2.5 Accommodation Examination of Eyes5.2.6 Cerebral Function Examination5.2.7 Immune Examination5.2.8 Respiratory Function5.2.9 Peripheral Venous Blood Oxygen Concentration5.3 Chemical Load Tests5.3.1 Use of a Clean Room5.3.2 Determination of Causative Chemicals (Challenge Test)Chapter 6 Treatment of Patients with Chemical Sensitivity6.1 Avoidance of Chemical Substances6.1.1 Food6.1.3 Air6.1.3.1 Use of an Air Purifier6.1.4 Clothes. 6.1.5 Medicine6.2 Detoxification6.2.1 Spa, Hot Spring, Bath, Low-Temperature Sauna6.2.2 Drug Treatment6.2.2.1 Conjugation6.2.2.2 Vitamins6.2.2.3 Symptomatic Therapy6.2.2.4 Minerals6.2.2.5 EDTA, Penicillamine, PAM, and Others6.3 Alternative Therapy6.3.1 Prayer and Meditation in Zen Buddhism6.3.2 Eastern Medicine and Alternative Medicine6.4 Nutritional InstructionChapter 7 Chemical Sensitivity in Children7.1 General Symptoms7.1.1 Formaldehyde Concentration and Symptoms7.1.2 TVOC Concentration and Symptoms7.1.3 Red Cell Cholinesterase7.2 Effects of Indoor Chemicals on the Intelligence and Cognitive Function of Children7.2.1 Evaluation of Intelligence7.2.2 WISC-III Test Results and Concentration of Indoor Chemicals7.2.3 Development of Sick-House Syndrome7.3 Case Report of CS in a Young Boy Who Had Been Treated with Sumatriptan Succinate and Selective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsChapter 8 Multiple Chemical Sensitivity—Medical Aspects from Germany 8.1 Chemical Sensitivity8.2 Biochemical Individuality8.3 Randolph’s Specific Adaptation Syndrome in Response to Environmental Stressors8.4 Causes: Fire in the Body and the Brain8.5 Diagnostic Program Recommended for CS Patients8.5.1 Metabolic and Nutritional Status (Organic Acid Profiles), Toxins8.5.2 Toxic Metals8.5.3 Phthalates and Parabens Profile8.5.3.1 Why Assess Phthalate and Paraben Levels?8.5.3.2 Where Are Phthalates and Parabens Found? 8.5.4 Bisphenol A8.5.5 Hidden Food Allergies8.5.5.1 Gluten Sensitivity Can CauseNeurological and Autoimmune Disease......648.5.6 Stool and Digestive Analysis.........................8.5.6.1 Why Use Stool Analysis8.6 Therapy: The DNA Concept8.7 HEPAR-TOX Detoxification8.8 Ecological Architecture and Environmental Medicine8.8.1 New Projects in Wolfhagen—The Historic City in the Land of the Brothers GrimmChapter 9 Emission Rate of Chemical Compounds in Building Products and Materials9.1 Introduction9.2 Categories of Chemical Substances9.3 Building Products and Materials9.4 Emission Tests Using a Chamber9.4.1 Small-Chamber Method9.4.2 Large-Chamber Method9.4.3 Desiccator Method9.4.4 Passive Method9.4.5 Microchamber Method for SVOCs9.5 Labeling9.5.1 Formaldehyde9.5.2 VOCs.9.5.2.1 For VOC Standard. Chapter 10 Ventilation Strategies for Each Kind of Building and Statutory Regulations10.1 History and Background of Indoor Air Pollution Measures in Japan10.1.1 Before the Dawn of Measures against Sick Houses10.1.2 Design Assumption and Strategy of Measuresagainst the Indoor Air Pollution Problem10.2 Statutory Regulations for Indoor Air Quality10.2.1 Technical Standards in the Amended Building Standard Law10.2.2 Regulation Regarding the Use of Building Materials Containing Formaldehyde and Installation of Ventilation 10.2.2.1 Restrictions on Interior Finishing 10.2.2.2 Mandatory Installation of Ventilation 10.2.2.3 Restrictions Concerning Attic and Adjacent Concealed Spaces 10.2.3 Technical Standards in the Housing Quality Assurance Act 10.2.4 Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings 10.2.5 Indoor Air Pollution Following the Amendment of the Building Standard Law in 2003 10.3 Types and Features of Ventilation Systems10.3.1 Types of Ventilation10.3.2 Methods of Selecting a Mechanical Ventilation System10.4 Trends in Technology Development and Energy-Saving Performance10.4.1 Mechanical Ventilation System Utilizing Low- Power Input Motors10.4.2 Demand-Controlled Ventilation10.4.3 Mechanical Ventilation Systems with a Heat Exchanger10.4.4 Hybrid Ventilation System10.5 Important Points for Planning and Operation of Ventilation Systems10.5.1 Planning of the Ventilation Path10.5.2 Notes for Calculating Pressure Drops10.5.3 Notes on Construction10.5.4 Notes Concerning Regular Maintenance10.5.5 Steps for Ventilation Planning10.6 Ventilation Equipment in Large Buildings10.6.1 Ventilation in Designated Buildings10.6.2 Ventilation Systems Except Those Employed in Centrally Controlled HVAC SystemsChapter 11 Ventilation, Air-Tightness, and Air Pollution11.1 Outline of the Measurement Survey11.1.1 Survey Period and Investigated Houses11.1.2 Survey Points and Measurement Method 11.2 Measurement Results 11.2.1 Air-Tightness of Houses 11.2.2 Ventilation Rate of the Ventilation System 11.3 Comparison of Air-Tightness, Ventilation System, and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.3.1 Comparison of Air-Tightness and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.3.2 Comparison of Air Change Rate and Chemical Substance Concentrations 11.4 ConclusionsChapter 12 Chemical Features of Indoor Pollutants and Current Regulations12.1 Usage and Sources of Chemical Species Detected in Indoor Environments12.1.1 Artificial Wooden Boards and Adhesives12.1.2 Paint12.1.3 Fungicides, Repellents, Mothballs, Air Fresheners, and Disinfectants12.1.4 Plasticizers and Flame Retardants12.1.5 Smoking and Burning Appliances12.1.6 Secondary Generated Compounds12.1.7 Contaminants in Outdoor Air12.1.8 Unknown Pollutants12.2 Determination of Pollutants from the View of Health Effects12.2.1 Target Health Effects12.2.1.1 Sick-House Syndrom12.2.1.2 Asthma12.2.1.3 Endocrine Disruption12.2.1.4 Cancer12.2.2 Field Survey of Indoor Pollution12.3 Risk Assessment12.3.1 What Is Risk Assessment12.3.2 Hazard Assessment12.3.3 Exposure Assessment12.3.4 Risk Assessment12.4 Enforcement and Effect of Regulations12.4.1 Time Course of Regulations12.4.2 Impact of RegulationsChapter 13 Methods for Measurement of Indoor Pollution13.1 Methods for Measurement of Indoor Concentration13.1.1 Integration Measurement13.1.1.1 Active Method13.1.1.2 Passive Method13.1.1.3 Subject Compounds, CarbonylCompounds, VOCs, TVOCs, SVOCs13.1.2 Instant Measurement13.1.2.1 Subject Compounds, TVOCs,Formaldehyde13.1.2.2 On-Site Method of Measuring SourceIntensity and Ventilation Rate13.1.3 Combined Application of IntegrationMeasurement and Instant Measurement................... 13013.1.3.1 Peak Capture Method................................ 13113.2 Methods of Measuring the Emission Rate of BuildingMaterials................................................................................. 13113.2.1 Desiccator Method.................................................... 13113.2.2 Chamber Method....................................................... 13213.2.3 On-Site Measurement Method.................................. 13313.2.3.1 Field and Laboratory Emission Cell.......... 13313.2.3.2 Passive Emission Colorimetric Sensor...... 13313.2.3.3 Passive Flux Sampler................................. 13413.2.3.4 Advanced Diffusive SamplingEmission Cell............................................. 13513.3 Methods of Measuring Personal Exposure Amount.............. 13513.3.1 Active Sampling–Passive Sampling Method............ 13513.3.1.1 Search for Causative Compoundof Chemical Sensitivity.............................. 13513.3.2 Instant Measurement Method.................................... 13613.3.2.1 TVOCs and HRV....................................... 136Endnotes............................................................................................ 136Chapter 14 The Current Situation and Shift in Approaches to Indoor AirPollution............................................................................................ 139Miyuki Noguchi14.1 Framework of Laws and Regulations..................................... 13914.1.1 Housing Quality Assurance Act................................ 13914.1.2 School Health and Safety Act................................... 13914.1.3 Act on Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings........ 14014.1.4 Revised Building Standards Act............................... 14014.1.5 Indoor Density Guideline Value................................ 141xii Contents14.2 Trends after Determination of Guideline Values................... 14214.2.1 Advantageous Effect of Formaldehyde Labeling...... 14214.2.1.1 Formaldehyde Concentration in NewResidential Housing................................... 14214.2.2 Composition of VOCs............................................... 14314.2.2.1 Significant Reductionof Concentrations of GuidelineSubstances................................................. 14314.2.2.2 High Concentration Substances(TVOCs, Acetaldehyde, AliphaticCompounds, etc.)....................................... 14314.2.3 Widespread Use of Alternative Substances............... 14314.2.3.1 Low Formaldehyde Emission Adhesives.... 14514.2.3.2 Water-Based Paint and Ink........................ 14514.2.3.3 Increased Use of Aliphatic Compounds.... 14514.2.4 Temporal Change of Indoor TVOC Concentration.... 14614.2.5 Trends of Social Recognitions for Indoor AirPollution: New and Remodeled Houses.................... 14614.2.5.1 Completion Checks by the HousingQuality Assurance Act............................... 14614.2.5.2 Widespread Indoor Air Pollutionwith Nonregulated Substances.................. 14614.2.5.3 Recognition That SHS Was Resolved........ 14714.2.6 Change in Social Recognition of Indoor AirPollution: Routine Countermeasures......................... 14714.2.6.1 Air Cleaners............................................... 14814.2.6.2 Oxidative Decomposition.......................... 14814.2.6.3 Secondary Pollutants................................. 14814.3 Required or Recommended Countermeasures....................... 14814.3.1 Regulation of TVOC Concentration.......................... 14814.3.1.1 Enforcement of the Elimination Period..... 14914.3.1.2 Information Sharing Amongthe Relevant Parties................................... 14914.3.2 Collecting Information from Medical Doctors......... 14914.3.2.1 Selection Method for New GuidelineSubstances................................................. 14914.4 Formulation of Counseling or Inquiry Systemsfor Patients and New Occupants............................................. 150Chapter 15 Investigation of Indoor Environments and Occupants’ Healthin Sick Houses................................................................................... 151Hiroshi Yoshino, Sachiko Hojo, and Rie Takaki15.1 Field Survey on Indoor Air Quality, BuildingPerformance, and Occupants’ Health of 62 Sick Houses....... 15115.1.1 Description of the Investigation................................ 151Contents xiii15.1.1.1 Investigated Houses................................... 15115.1.1.2 Investigation of Building Performanceand the Indoor Environment...................... 15215.1.1.3 Survey Questionnaire about HealthConditions.................................................. 15315.1.2 Results....................................................................... 15315.1.2.1 Results of Chemical SubstanceConcentration Measurements.................... 15315.1.2.2 Relationship between FormaldehydeConcentration and Air-TightnessMeasurement.............................................. 15315.1.2.3 Relationship between FormaldehydeConcentration and Air Change Rate.......... 15515.1.2.4 Sick-House Syndrome Basedon the QEESI® Questionnaire15.1.3 Chemical Substance Concentration and Occupants’ Symptoms15.1.3.1 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and SHS15.1.3.2 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and Severity of Symptoms15.1.4 Conclusion15.2 Long-Term Observations Mainly for 30 Houses15.2.1 Investigated Houses15.2.2 Results of the Investigation15.2.2.1 Relationship between Chemical Substance Concentration and Building Age 15.2.2.2 Yearly Changes of Occupants’ Symptoms 15.2.3 Change of Symptoms and Chemical Substance Concentrations 15.2.3.1 Change of Symptoms in Response to Countermeasures against Mitigation of SHS 15.2.3.2 Decrease of Chemical Substance Concentration in Response to Countermeasures against Sick Houses 15.2.4 Conclusions Chapter 16 Round Table Discussion 16.1 The Current Situation of Indoor Air Pollution 16.2 Medical Correlations in Japan 16.3 Government Actions 16.4 Patients’ Compensation 16.5 Damp Buildings 16.6 Trade-Offs

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Book SynopsisIn a country riven by regional differences, All Health Politics Is Local shatters the notion of a shared national health agenda. It shows that health has always been political and shaped not just by formal policy but also by grassroots community battles.

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Book SynopsisIn a country riven by regional differences, All Health Politics Is Local shatters the notion of a shared national health agenda. It shows that health has always been political and shaped not just by formal policy but also by grassroots community battles.

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental change is the present focus of our world. Its effect is interesting and should be followed. Based on the success of the previous book "climate change and health", it seems that the topic is of interest to the general readers in both medical and environmental science. Examples and models of important diseases are given in the chapters of this book.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis"Superbly written and researched." —Booklist "Builds a strong case." —Kirkus Lyme disease is spreading rapidly around the globe as ticks move into places they could not survive before. The first epidemic to emerge in the era of climate change, the disease infects half a million people in the US and Europe each year, and untold multitudes in Canada, China, Russia, and Australia. Mary Beth Pfeiffer shows how we have contributed to this growing menace, and how modern medicine has underestimated its danger. She tells the heart-rending stories of families destroyed by a single tick bite, of children disabled, and of one woman’s tragic choice after an exhaustive search for a cure. Pfeiffer also warns of the emergence of other tick-borne illnesses that make Lyme more difficult to treat and pose their own grave risks. Lyme is an impeccably researched account of an enigmatic disease, making a powerful case for action to fight ticks, heal patients, and recognize humanity’s role in a modern scourge.Trade Review"A book on climate change I couldn't put down. An utterly convincing argument, beautifully told: what we do unto other species and the environment we do unto ourselves."--Mark Jerome Walters, author of Seven Modern Plagues and How We Are Causing Them "A major contribution to public knowledge of Lyme disease."--Christian Perronne, Head of the Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches, France "A public warning and call to action"-- "Bangor Daily News" "A work of both breadth and depth, impressively documented and often elegant."-- "MinnPost" "As the planet heats, ticks spread--and with them not only Lyme disease but also a distinctly unnatural fear of the natural world. This book offers a powerful alert--hopefully it will cause us not only to protect our individual selves, but our society as well."--Bill McKibben, author of The End of Nature "Engrossing."-- "Moms Clean Air Force" "The war against an eight-legged menace that emerged about 145 million years ago is escalating to frightening proportions, and we are losing it. Mary Beth Pfeiffer clearly outlines the failure of the scientific and medical communities to address the suffering of millions of people in the USA and around the world with tick-borne diseases. Her well-researched book is a call to action to find a cure."--Jane Alexander, actress, author, conservationist "Throws new light on one more danger caused by climate change. Pfeiffer points out the importance not only of combating ticks but also the need for doctors to respond quickly and provide appropriate treatment. A stark warning that Lyme is but the tip of the iceberg."--Jane Goodall, founder of the Jane Goodall Institute and UN Messenger of Peace "Engrossing...Pfeiffer makes a compelling argument that Lyme is expanding because of human influences on the environment, from warming temperatures to killing deer..this issue is important, urgent, and needs more advocates."-- "Massive Science" "Fascinating, timely."-- "The Voice" "Heart-wrenching...After you read Lyme, the standard advice of 'do your due diligence, check for ticks, stay aware' won't seem adequate...Pfeiffer has delivered a powerful wake-up call."-- "Sierra" "Powerful."-- "Slate" "Superbly written and researched, Pfeiffer's work should go a long way toward convincing the public to take this modern-day scourge more seriously." -- "Booklist" "Thoroughly researched and extremely well-presented case to raise the banner for patients...Hopefully, Pfeiffer will raise significant awareness of Lyme to the attention of health authorities, who currently underestimate the real significance of this disease. This book should be instrumental in achieving the required change of perspective."-- "The Biologist" "A highly enjoyable, illuminating and informative read...I enjoyed this book so much that when I finished it...I went right back to the start to reread it."-- "Lyme Disease UK" "A superbly written piece of investigative reporting, Lyme is as macabre as a Stephen King horror novel--except the topic is all the more frightening because it's real."--Garth Ehrlich, Executive Director of the Center for Genomic Sciences, Drexel University "As Pfeiffer's hard-hitting study reminds us, non-specific symptoms and other complexities make tackling Lyme a formidable challenge...She nimbly interweaves numerous strands of research--into the influence of climate change on the Lyme invasion, the disease, the pathogen, the vectors and the harrowing impacts borne by some sufferers."-- "Nature" "In page after page of data and interviews with patients, advocates, and researchers around the world, Pfeiffer builds a strong case...the basic facts she sets forth are credible, and they deserve immediate attention."-- "Kirkus"Table of ContentsIntroduction Chapter 1. Ticks, Rising Chapter 2. "Invisible Assassin" Chapter 3. An Ancient Bug Revives Chapter 4. A Disease, Minimized Chapter 5. "Little Armored Tanks" Chapter 6. Faulty Tests Chapter 7. An Indestructible Pathogen? Chapter 8. Not Just Lyme Chapter 9. Childhood Lost Chapter 10. Lyme Takes Flight Chapter 11. A Lyme-free World Selected References Index

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Book SynopsisLeading architects, designers, materials scientists, and health officials reflect on the influence of COVID-19 on buildings and cities—and propose solutions to safeguard the built environment from future pandemics. COVID-19 caused a significant global disruption of human activities with striking consequences for the built environment, causing an abrupt fear as it relates to architecture and building design. Buildings became magnifiers of contagion instead of shelters for protection. Immunizing the built environment against contagion is a monumental task requiring a variety of approaches and disciplinary expertise at multiple scales of inquiry. In this book, 60 of the world’s leading architects, designers, engineers, materials scientists, and public health experts contribute to an expansive overview of inoculation strategies for today’s world. These approaches are organized according to the primary sites of exposure, generally arranged by scale: surface (materials and tactile interfaces), system (mechanical, plumbing, electrical, and lighting assemblies), space (interior and exterior environments), and society (cities, regions, and the general public). This broad collection of perspectives elucidates the transformations underway in the built environment— and offers design strategies to limit the severity of subsequent pandemics. In this way, the book aims to serve both as a multidisciplinary snapshot of COVID-19’s effects and a guidebook for future-proofing architecture against widespread disease.

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Book SynopsisMalaysia's political stability and economic prosperity have contributed towards its growing population comprising of residents and an influx of laborers from other countries including Indonesia, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Malaysia now hosts a population of 32 million from which an estimated 3 million are migrants that support the agricultural and electronic sectors. This book highlights the current health related issues in Malaysia including those zoonotic diseases and non-communicable diseases that are unique and common to tropical countries. Other environmental factors that have positive and negative impacts on health such as medical constituents from local plants are also discussed.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens; Nipah Virus Outbreak: A Tragic Lesson; Aedes-borne Diseases in Malaysia: Description of Causative Agents, Historical Incidences, Current Strategies and Future Plans to Contain Infection; Post-Flood Infectious Diseases in Malaysia; Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey on Leptospirosis Among Army Personnel in Malaysia; β-thalassemia and β-variants in Malaysia; Physical Activity for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Malaysia; Low Bone Mineral Density and Associated Risk Factors in Malaysian Adults; The Effects of Exercise on Childrens Health, Physiological Fitness, Immune Function and Motor Skills: Malaysian Perspective; Bloating Experience Among Malaysians; Barriers and Challenges Faced by the Parents of Children with Disabilities in Malaysia; Rhizophora Species as Water Equivalent Phantom Material in Medical Physics; Oroxylum indicum: A Magical Medicinal Plant; Detection and Removal of Heavy Metals from Foodstuff in Malaysia; Implementation of Casemix System and its Innovation at Teaching Hospitals in Malaysia; Index.

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Book SynopsisAbout one in four youths used a tobacco product during the past 30 days. By school level, this is approximately three in ten high school students and one in eight middle school students. Since 2014, e-cigarettes have been the most commonly used tobacco product among youths. It is reasonable to assume that many young smokers are practicing this habit while with friends or at parties, exposing their friends and peers to hazardous passive smoking, which is also the case for smaller children exposed to their parental smoking. Smoking is just one important public health issue in childhood and adolescence, but there are many other issues in this period of our development. In this book we have gathered some recent research on children and youth from various places around the world on many topics, not just limited to smoking, which we hope will be of interest to the reader.Table of ContentsIntroduction; Smoking and Other Issues in Childhood and Adolescence; Adverse Childhood Experiences and Child Health Insurance Coverage; FIFA, Body Composition and Physical Fitness among Obese Children; Care Pathways and Out of Pocket Expenditure Among Children with Tuberculosis Attending a Tertiary Health Care Facility; Undernutrition and its Determinants among Indigenous Thami Children under Five in the Dolakha District of Nepal; What are Hong Kong Chinese Parents Perceptions of Materialism and Egocentrism in Their Children?; Housing Risk Factors Associated with Diarrhea and Pneumonia Among Children Residing in an Urban Slum in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria; Youth Mental Health Services in Qatar; Perceived Achievement of Subject Learning Outcomes, Pedagogical Strategy, Facilitating Skills and Academic Performance of University Engineering Students; Gender Of Baby and Postpartum Depression Among Adolescent Mothers in Central Java, Indonesia; The Association Between Self-Regulation and Violent Propensities Among Saudi Girls; Factors Associated with Sexual Engagement Among Adolescents in Sarawak, East Malaysia; Effect Of Peer and Parent-Led Educational Intervention on HIV Knowledge and Attitude of In-School Adolescents in Selected Secondary Schools in Ogun State, Nigeria; Self-Esteem And Assertiveness as Predictors of Intentions to Practice Safe Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents in Selected Secondary Schools in Ibadan, Oyo State; Effect Of Nutrition Education and Mobile Text Messages on Undergraduates Eating Practices and Perception of Risk in Oyo State, Nigeria; The Consumption of Milk, Vegetables and Fruits, Fish, Wholemeal Bread and Fast Food Meals Among 15-Year-Old Teenagers Depending on the BMI Value; The Role of General Practitioners in Re-Building Whole Person Wellness of University Students During Protests in Hong Kong: A Case Study; About the Editors; About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel; Index.

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Book SynopsisThe book documents the fight that was put up by a group of poets, artists and ecologists to save the Great Barrier Reef from oil drilling. It's a remarkable story being re-published in the midst of another attack on the Reef as oil tankers and an increasing number of coal freighters are plying its waters in the newly-built super ports.Trade Review"It will come as a surprise to most people that so many of the issues confronted in the 1960s by the doughty campaigners against drilling for oil on the barrier reef are still alive. We will have to be as determined and as persistent as they if we are to protect what is now a World Heritage Site from pollution, dredging, dumping, coral bleaching and pest species.Germaine Greer, author of White BeechJudith Wright's recount of the heroic early battles for the reef exemplifies the incredible achievements of a passionate few, who with vision and determination were able to succeed against the odds. This book is the stuff of legends and is a must read for all those who consider themselves environmental custodians. An extraordinary story in itself, The Coral Battleground now takes on an even more pertinent meaning as the Great Barrier Reef faces its biggest threat since the oil rigs of the 70s. May Judith's story inspire a new generation to fight for the reef!Bob Irwin, Bob Irwin Wildlife & Conservation Foundation Inc.Wonderful and timely to see this lovely new edition of a classic book that every Australian should own. In it Judith tells the inspiring David and Goliath story of how she and a group of friends took on massive forces of greed and destruction that threatened the existence of the Great Barrier Reef and won. Australia urgently needs this new call to arms.Iain McCalman, author of The Reef: A Passionate HistoryPolitical intrigue, shifting allegiances, dirty deeds, and more, Judith Wright records the environmental struggles of the 1970s, and the peoples movement to preserve the Great Barrier Reef for a time. Today, as the reef faces new threats, her book provides inspiration, and a how-to guide for a new generation of activists, for whom the beauty of the reef matters most deeply.Rosaleen Love, author of ReefscapeThe Coral Battleground, first published in 1977, records the successful struggles of Judith Wright and others to preserve the Great Barrier Reef from exploratory drilling for oil and limestone mining. Today, with UNESCO on the point of declaring the Reef world heritage in danger, Wrights work remains an essential and inspiring call to arms in the new battles against pollution and over-development.Professor Emerita Elizabeth Webby AMThis edition of Judith Wrights lucid and compelling account of the fight to save the reef comes with added value a publishers preface, a new foreword [by Margaret Thorsborne AO] and Judith Wrights own prophetic warning that such victories are never really won. Todays campaigners will find inspiration in Judith Wrights persistent vision in the face of great odds.Margaret Moorhouse, Alliance to Save Hinchinbrook Inc.Where is the fire in their belly?"" Judith Wright asked me of the millions who claim to be environmentalists but do nothing or, worse still, vote for the wreckers. Her Coral Battleground is a call to action from last century to save the Great Barrier Reef from ending up as a barren ruin this century. This book is a classic of ecological literature.Bob Brown, environmentalist and former Parliamentary Leader Australian Greens PartyJust as Rachael Carsons Silent Spring inspired a generation to protect the natural environment from destructive practices so another generation in Australia was galvanised by the first major conservation campaign to save the Great Barrier Reef, comprehensively documented in this book by Judith Wright, one of the key participants in the battle. Suzie Smith, Secretary, Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland Cassowary CoastHinchinbrook branch"Table of Contents"Publishers Preface2014 Foreword by Margaret Thorsborne AO1996 Foreword by Judith Wright1977 Foreword by Judith Wright"

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Book Synopsis*SHORTLISTED FOR THE GUARDIAN FIRST BOOK AWARD 2015* SHORTLISTED FOR THE LA TIMES BOOKS PRIZE 2015 A SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE NOTABLE BOOK OF 2014 A BOSTON GLOBE BEST FICTION OF 2014 ROXANE GAY’S TOP TEN BOOKS OF 2014 AN AMAZON BEST SHORT STORY COLLECTION OF 2014 AN iBOOK BEST OF 2014 Perfectly pitched and gorgeously penned, this astonishingly bold collection of stories explores the boundary between the wild and the civilized. Pitting human beings against the extremes of nature, Diane Cook surgically peels back the layers of civilization to lay bare our vulnerabilities and the ease with which our darker, primal urges emerge. These exhilarating and terrifying tales are set in worlds that are distorted versions of our own, where an alpha male is pursued through city streets by murderous rivals, a marooned woman defends her house against the rising flood and hordes of desperate refugees, and a pack of not-needed boys take refuge in a murky forest and compete against one another for food. Wry, transgressive and utterly unique, Cook’s wildly inventive debut collection illuminates, with surreal humour and heartbreak, humankind’s struggle not only to thrive, but survive.Trade Review'Sharply written and imaginative...Cook is an accomplished writer with a darkly comic touch...As with the short fiction of Stephen King and Miranda July, many of the bizarre tales in Man V. Nature would make for excellent viewing...brilliant...echoes of Margaret Atwood'. * Irish Times *'These are grimly funny stories; dark but dizzyingly alive.' * Sunday Express *'Makes for compulsive reading...these tales dizzy and trick...chilling and darkly comic'. * New Statesman *'A deeply original collection...deliciously unsettling...downright chilling...uncomfortably resonant.' * Independent *'Exhilarating… quirky, often edged with menace… understated dystopia… Cook’s is a fresh and vivid voice; it’s unsurprising the likes of Miranda July and Roxane Gay are fans’. * Observer *‘Masterly.’ * New York Times *'Cook's stories gleefully tip a familiar-seeming world into something dark, dangerous and funny'. * Psychologies *‘A knockout ... every single story could make a great movie.’ * New York Times Book Review, Miranda July *‘As close to experiencing a Picasso as literature can get.’ -- Téa Obreht, author of The Tiger's Wife‘Quirkiness abounds, with several fairy-tale tropes thrown in for good measure ... Some stories jump off the page ... all are oddly charming.’ * Publishers Weekly *‘Astonishing.’ -- Roxane Gay, author of Bad Feminist‘I couldn’t pry myself away from Man v. Nature ... The stories are grim, violent, and darkly funny, but never so far removed from our most human urges to seem TOTALLY implausible.’ * Buzzfeed *‘Potent and unnerving ... stark spookiness in the vein of Shirley Jackson and William Golding ... [and] a lonely weirdness like that of Aimee Bender and George Saunders ... Cook writes assuredly of archetypal terror and even more insightfully of hunger-for food, friendship, love and above all, survival. A canny, refined, and reverberating debut.’ -- Booklist‘Hunger, despair, and perpetual awe for the collapsing natural world and the vulnerability of existence therein. Apply liberally before exposure to the elements. Contents include truth and other known allergens.’ * Flavorwire *‘This past month I discovered Diane Cook and had many moments of story-delight, really just too many to count, because Diane Cook is that good ... Cook’s writing is lively and frank.’ * Impose Magazine *'Seethes with heat, rejection and twisted perception ... I found myself enthralled by all of the stories in this collection. Not only are they surprising, but also fresh, funny, sad, often surreal and oddly true.' -- Omnivoracious‘Irresistible reading ... The author probes her characters’ psychological depths in weird and wonderful ways ... With Man v. Nature Cook makes a bold, original debut.’ * San Jose Mercury News *‘Lively, apocalypse-tinged tales ... Cook mines the moments that precede the losses – when the battles are truly raging – and it’s in them that she finds great beauty and strangeness ... And, in the end, this collection suggests, meaning might be worth the battle.' * New York Times Book Review *‘Man V. Nature could also be called Diane Cook V. The Challenges of Writing Fresh, Invigorating Fiction in Our Age. In the latter contest, Cook crushes. Here is a bold debut.’ -- Sam Lipsyte, author of Home LandMan v. Nature may be Diane Cook’s first book, but the former “This American Life” producer’s work is impressively precocious – making it our favourite short-story collection of October.’ -- GQ‘Here’s a good rule: If Diane Cook wrote it, read it ... Safety is tenuous, if not an illusion, in her thoughtful, unsettling, and darkly funny collection.’ * Boston Globe *‘This debut story collection takes the familiar narrative conflict and applies it to contemporary characters. The capriciousness of the natural world in Cook’s stories colours them with a Romantic, almost surreal light that fans of Megan Mayhew Bergman are sure to appreciate.’ * Huffington Post *‘[Cook] puts forth idiosyncratic and twisted conceits, but delivers the narrative goods when it comes to depicting the tragic, emotional lives of her characters ... Like the best kind of fiction, the reader is left with much to think about within the broad realms of sex, death, love and friendship.’ * San Francisco Chronicle *‘Diane Cook’s writing is sharp, bawdy, bold and often hilarious. Her stories are refreshingly crude and her imagination is unbounded. Like her characters, Cook does what she wants. Her world is another universe, where people are wilder.’ -- Rebecca Curtis, author of Twenty Grand‘What I like most about these stories is that many of them are dispatches from the end of the world, and it turns out to be a surprisingly familiar place.’ -- Ira Glass, Host, This American Life‘Diane Cook’s stories are like high-wattage bulbs strung across a sinister, dark land. Man V. Nature is equal parts dazzle and depth.’ -- Ramona Ausubel, author of No One is Here Except All of Us‘Masterful ... Each darkly comic modern fable reveals our societal preoccupations – with status, sex, motherhood, belonging – for what they really are: thin veneers over our ever-present animal selves, ready to crack at the merest provocation. A book that’ll grab your attention and keep you thinking.’ -- Helene Wecker, author of The Golem and The Jinni'Echoes Margaret Atwood, William Golding and Cormac McCarthy... [Cook] moves effortlessly between unsettling tales and darkly humorous examinations of contemporary society.' -- The Tablet‘A dark pleasure ... In ‘Meteorologist Dave Santana’ sex happens less often than the desperate, older woman (the meteorologist’s neighbour) would like. Cook is a young woman imagining an older woman’s need, and not charitably. But if Cook is anything like me, that desperate neighbour is herself. I’ve never really felt young.’ -- Miranda July, Goodreads‘When people ask me the desert island question, I usually say this is the book I'd bring.’ * San Francisco Weekly *

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Book SynopsisThe role natural environments play in human health and wellbeing is attracting increasing attention. There is growing medical evidence that access to the natural environment can prevent disease, aid recovery, tackle obesity and improve mental health. This book examines the history of natural environments being used for stress-reduction, enjoyment, aesthetics and catharsis, and traces the development of the connection between humans and the environment, and how they impact our personal and collective health.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Overview Chapter 2: Nature and Health Chapter 3: The Historical Connection Between Natural Environments and Health Chapter 4: Concepts and Theories Chapter 5: Child Development and Nature Chapter 6: Adaptations and Applications Chapter 7: Outcomes and Benefits Chapter 8: Sense of Place and the Role of Education Chapter 9: Innovative Approaches to Integrating Natural Environments and Health Chapter 10: Future Actions and Implications for Policy and Research Chapter 11: Resources

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Book SynopsisThe traditional concept of social justice is increasingly being challenged by the notion of a humankind that spans current and future generations. This book, with a foreword by Roger Brownsword, is the first systematic examination of how the rights of the unborn and future generations are handled in common law and under international legal instruments. It provides comprehensive coverage of the arguments over international legal instruments, key legal cases and examples including the Convention on the Rights of the Child, industrial disasters, clean water provision, diet, HIV/AIDS, environmental racism and climate change. Also covered are international agreements and objectives as diverse as the Kyoto Protocol, the Millennium Development Goals and international trade. The result is the most controversial and thorough examination to date of the subject and the enormous ramifications and challenges it poses to every aspect of international and domestic environmental, human rights, trade and public health law and policy.Trade Review'Laura Westra's book is a welcome addition to the growing body of work on environmental jurisprudence and the link to social justice' Elizabeth May, Executive Director, Sierra Club of Canada 'If outrage against social injustice galvanizes your life, Laura Westra's magisterial Environmental Justice and the Rights of Unborn and Future Generations is the single book you must read and use this year' Robert Goodland, former Chief Environmental Adviser to the World Bank Group 'Westra brings another important interdisciplinary perspective on this topic.' Journal of Human RightsTable of ContentsForeword * Part I: The Rights of the First Generation * The Child's Rights to Health and the Environment, and the Role of the World Health Organization * The Status of the Preborn in Civil Law Instruments * The Status of the Child and the Preborn in Common Law Instruments and Cases * Supranational Governance: The European Court of Human Rights, and the WTO-WHO Conflict * Part II: Ecojustice and Future Generations' Rights * The Impact of Consumerism and Social Policy on the Health of the Child * Future Generations' Rights: Linking Intergenerational and Intragenerational Rights in Ecojustice * Ecojustice and Consideration for the Future: The Persistence of Ecofootprint Disasters * Ecojustice and Industrial Operations: Irreconcilable Conflict or Possible Coexistence? * Developmental and Health Rights of Children in Developing Countries: Towards a Model Legislation for the Rights of the Child to Health * Appendices, Bibliography, List of cases, Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides geographic perspectives and approaches for use in assessing the distribution of environmental health hazards and disease outcomes among disadvantaged population groups. Estimates suggest that about forty per cent of the global burden of disease is attributable to exposures to biological and chemical pathogens in the physical environment. And with today's rapid rate of globalization, and these hazardous health effects are likely to increase, with low income and underrepresented communities facing even greater risks. In many places around the world, marginalized communities unwillingly serve as hosts of noxious facilities such as chemical industrial plants, extractive facilities (oil and mining) and other destructive land use activities. Others are being used as illegal dumping grounds for hazardous materials and electronic wastes resulting in air, soil and groundwater contamination. The book informs readers about the geography and emergent health risks that accompany the location of these hazards, with emphasis on vulnerable population groups. The approach is applications-oriented, illustrating the use of health data and geographic approaches to uncover the root causes, contextual factors and processes that produce contaminated environments. Case studies are drawn from the author's research in the United States and Africa, along with a literature review of related studies completed in Europe, Asia and South America. This comparative approach allows readers to better understand the manifestation of environmental hazards and inequities at different spatial scales with localized disparities evident in both developed and developing countries.Trade Review'This book is comprehensive, and provides material which will be excellent for both introductory and graduate level courses in environmental health, environmental justice, social justice, health geography and population health. Conceptualizations of race and ethnicity and discussions of the role of social and economic factors in health disparities add to the strength of the book.' Isaac Luginaah, Associate Professor & Canada Research Chair in Health Geography, The University of Western Ontario, Canada 'A much needed reference in medical geography and environmental epidemiology that is richly illustrated and offers an accessible introduction to the visualization and spatial analysis of environmental health data. Academics now have the perfect tool to expose undergraduate and master students to the fascinating world of medical and environmental geography applied to important societal issues, such as environmental justice and health disparities.' Pierre Goovaerts, Chief Scientist, BioMedware Inc. 'Using different geographic scales and an integrative approach, this outstanding book analyzes the social injustices and disparities in context of environmental hazards and associated health risks. This is the first book of its kind to critically explore the interactions among environmental hazards, heath, and social justice. Florence M. Margai is a dedicated scholar who has been studying environmental and social disparities throughout her career. The book is very interesting and valuable; it is well researched and extremely insightful.' Bimal Kanti Paul, Professor, Department of Geography, Kansas State University, USATable of ContentsPart 1: Themes and Concepts 1. Geographic Foundations of Environmental Health Hazards: The Need for A Place-Based Perspective 2. Environmental Health and Disease Indicators: Valuation Measures, Transition Frameworks, and Burden of Disease Estimates 3. Population Health Disparities and Social Injustices: Indicators and Spatial Patterns 4. Conceptualization and Measurement of Race, Ethnicity and Class 5. Environmental Health Data Collection, Analysis and Visualization: An Overview of Geographic Methodologies Part 2: Environmental Aspects of Health Disparities 6. Global Climate Change and Environmental Degradation: Place Vulnerability and Public Health Challenges 7. A Spatial Analysis of Emergent and Re-Emergent Public Health Risks 8. Toxic Chemicals: Disparate Patterns of Exposure and Health Outcomes 9. Geographic Principles of Environmental Justice and Equity 10. Global Geographies Environmental Injustice and Health Inequities 11. Population Disparities in Water Access, Sanitation and Health Implications 12. Food Justice, Nutritional Security and Pediatric Health Outcomes Part 3: Social Attributes and Economic Factors in Population Health Disparities 13. Poverty, Race and Place: A Triple Whammy Hypothesis for Minority Health Geographies 14. Globalization, Population Mobility and Immigrant Health Disparities 15. Group Disparities in Access, Quality and Utilization of Health Resources 16. Exploring Pathways to Environmental, Health and Social Equity

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Book SynopsisThe role natural environments play in human health and wellbeing is attracting increasing attention. There is growing medical evidence that access to the natural environment can prevent disease, aid recovery, tackle obesity and improve mental health. This book examines the history of natural environments being used for stress-reduction, enjoyment, aesthetics and catharsis, and traces the development of the connection between humans and the environment, and how they impact our personal and collective health.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Overview Chapter 2: Nature and Health Chapter 3: The Historical Connection Between Natural Environments and Health Chapter 4: Concepts and Theories Chapter 5: Child Development and Nature Chapter 6: Adaptations and Applications Chapter 7: Outcomes and Benefits Chapter 8: Sense of Place and the Role of Education Chapter 9: Innovative Approaches to Integrating Natural Environments and Health Chapter 10: Future Actions and Implications for Policy and Research Chapter 11: Resources

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Book SynopsisWhen a lion at a breeding park mauls an old school friend of his, Con must step in as the keeper of Sekhmet, the last remaining black-maned lioness in the world. In a Cape Town where fences keep people and wildlife apart, park officials and investors fret about their flagship big-cat project. And while Con grows steadily more bonded to his enigmatic charge, a cult of animal lovers seek to claim her as their own.Trade Review'Rose-Innes is a writer almost in the Virginia Woolf mould - lateral of mind and poetic in her style of narration.' Sunday Times (SA); 'I love Henrietta Rose-Innes' work. With plotlines that are wittily subversive and language that is whippet-lean, it is long overdue for discovery by a wider readership.' Patrick Gale

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Book SynopsisThe Green Lunch Box is packed with delicious, healthy, plant-based lunches to help you save the planet in your lunch break.Making your own lunch just a few times a week saves money, packaging and precious time. Discover simple, short recipes for hot boxes, soups, salads, wraps and snacks that make the most of your everyday fresh and store cupboard ingredients. Learn to love your leftovers, master the art of batch cooking and discover ingenious sustainable ways to pack (and eat) your lunch.Features sixty beautifully illustrated recipes, including: Smashed beets and rainbow salad with hazelnut dukkha,Burrito box with charred sweetcorn, avocado, habanero peppers and lime salsa,Black lentil, almond and coconut dahl with crispy cumin cauliflower,Courgette, carrot, apple and lime slaw with toasted pumpkin seeds,Spicy parsnip soup with crispy harissa chickpeas,Peanut butter, lime, chilli and rocket bagel,Mushroom, white bean, miso and leek parcels

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Book SynopsisThis contributed volume motivates and educates across fields about the major challenges in global health and the interdisciplinary strategies for solving them. Once the purview of public health, medicine, and nursing, global health is now an interdisciplinary endeavor that relies on expertise from anthropology to urban planning, economics to political science, geography to engineering. Scholars and practitioners in the health sciences are seeking knowledge from a wider array of fields while, simultaneously, students across majors have a growing interest in humanitarian issues and are pursuing knowledge and skills for impacting well-being across geographic and disciplinary borders. Using a highly practical approach and illustrative case studies, each chapter of this edited volume frames a particular problem and illustrates how interdisciplinary problem-solving can address the greatest challenges in global health today. In doing so, each chapter spurs critical and creative thinking about emergent and future problems. Topics explored among the chapters include: Transforming health and well-being for refugees and their communities Governing to deliver safe and affordable water The global crisis of antimicrobial resistance Low-tech, high-impact interventions to prevent neonatal mortality Communicating taboo health subjects Alternative housing delivery for slum upgrades Transforming Global Health: Interdisciplinary Challenges, Perspectives, and Strategies is a vital and timely compendium for any reader invested in improving global health equity. It will find an audience with researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and program implementers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students and faculty in the fields of global health, public health, and the health sciences.Trade ReviewTable of Contents​Front MatterForeword (guest contributor)Introduction: Grand Challenges in Global Health and the Need for Interdisciplinary ApproachesSection 1: Improving Food, Water, Air, and ShelterCh. 1 Full of Hunger: Addressing the Double-burden of Obesity and Malnutrition (Perspectives from Public Health and Regional Planning)Ch. 2 When the Well Runs Dry: Delivering Safe and Affordable Water (Perspectives from Geology and Urban Planning)Ch. 3 Hazy Futures: Improving Air Quality for Maternal and Child Health (Perspectives from Engineering and Environmental Health)Ch. 4 Loss of Home, Loss of Self: Sheltering Refugees Amidst Crisis (Perspectives from Architecture, Medicine, and Social Work)Section 2: Engaging Cultural DiversityCh. 5 Do as You Say, Not as You Do: Changing Risky Behaviors (Perspectives from Health Behavior and Philosophy)Ch. 6 Blood Cultures: Integrating Traditional and Modern Medical Practices to Improve Health (Perspectives from History, Medicine, and Linguistics)Ch. 7 Kangaroo Care: Saving the Lives of Premature Babies (Perspectives from Epidemiology and Child Health)Ch. 8 Rites vs. Rights: Conquering Gender-based Violence (Perspectives from Gender Studies and Social Work)Section 3: Leveraging New Technologies and TechniquesCh. 9 Dragon’s Blood: Combatting the Mysteries of Antimicrobial Resistance (Perspectives from Microbiology, Chemistry, and Geography)Ch. 10 Extraction: Innovating Diagnostic Methods in Low-resource Settings (Perspectives from Dentistry and Computer Science)Ch. 11 Front-line Deployment: Utilizing Nanotechnology to Battle Disease at the Source (Perspectives from Nanotechnology and Public Health)Ch. 12 While Supplies Last: Overcoming Stock-outs of Essential Medicines(Perspectives from Pharmacy and Industrial Engineering)Section 4: Planning for the FutureCh. 13 World War X: Designing Health Systems Resilient Amidst Chaos (Perspectives from Economics and Political Science)Ch. 14 Gone, but Not Forgotten: Drawing Lessons from the Eradication of Polio and Guinea Worm (Perspectives from Biology and International Development)Ch. 15 Worst-case Scenarios: Building Policies, Plans, and Strategies to Curb Extreme Events (Perspectives from Environmental Planning and Law)Ch. 16 Rash Decisions: Dispatching the Next Pandemic (Perspectives from Nursing and Management)

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Book SynopsisIn this book, major issues surrounding importance of water and energy for food security in the United States and India are described representing two extremes in yield, irrigation efficiency, and automation. The farming systems in these two countries face different risks in terms of climatic shifts and systems’ resiliency to handle the shocks. One may have comparative advantage over the other, but both are susceptible. Innovations in irrigation for food and fuel production, improvements in nitrogen and water use efficiency, and rural sociological issues are discussed here. We also look into some of the unintended consequences of high productivity agriculture in terms of surface and ground water quality and impacts on ecosystem services. Finally, we present ways to move forward to meet the food demands in the next half-century in both countries. As the current world population of 7 billion is expected to reach or exceed 10 billion in the next 40 years, there will be significant additional demand for food. A rising middle class and its preference for a meat-based diet also increases the demand for animal feed. This additional food and feed production needs special considerations in water and energy management besides the development of appropriate crop hybrids to withstand future climatic shifts and other environmental factors. A resilient agricultural landscapes will also be needed to withstand climatic fluctuations, disease pressures, etc. While the upper and many middle income countries have made significant improvements in crop yield due to pressurized irrigation and automation in farming systems, the lower income countries are struggling with yield enhancements due to such limitations. The rise in population is expected to be more in Sub-Sharan Africa and Middle East (Low to middle-income countries) where the crop yields are expected to be low.Table of Contents1. Unfolding Food, Energy, and Water Nexus (Chittaranjan Ray, Sekhar Muddu, and Sudhirendar Sharma).- 2. Resilience of Working Agricultural Landscapes (Shana M. Sundstrom, Jennifer Hodbod, and Craig R. Allen).- 3. A Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory for Nebraska: Livestock and Coal Loom Large (Eric R. Holley and Adam J. Liska).- 4. Technologies for Enhancing Water Productivity in Irrigated Agriculture (Sarangi and M. Sekhar).- 5. Virtual Water and Embodied Energy Flows Out of Nebraska Related to Trade in Corn (Mesfin M. Mekonnen).- 6. State of Agriculture in Karnataka, India and a Case Study of Food, Energy and Water Nexus from the Kabini Observatory (Deepti B. Upadhyaya and Sekhar Muddu).- 7. Sensor-Based Monitoring of Soil and Crop Health for Enhancing Input Use Efficiency (Rabi N. Sahoo).- 8. Strategies to Improve Crop-Water Productivity (Vivek Sharma and Shiva Bhambota).- 9. Limited Irrigation for Managing Declining Water Resources in the US High Plains (Bijesh Maharjan, Gary W. Hergert, and Saurav Das).- 10. Understanding the Cultural Foundations of Water Institutions: Groundwater Management in Kansas, High Plains-Ogallala Aquifer (Rebekah Carnes and Matthew R. Sanderson).- 11. Nitrogen Management for Improving Water, Energy, and Food Security (Brian T. Krienke, Daran R. Rudnick, Tsz Him Lo, and Xin Qiao).- 12. Mobilization of Naturally Occurring Uranium in Groundwater Under Intensely Managed Farmland (Jeffrey P. Westrop, Daniel D. Snow, and Karrie A. Weber).- 13. Nanotechnology at the Juncture of Water, Food, and Energy Nexus: Boon or Bane? (Arindam Malakar and Jennifer A. Cooper).

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the operationalization of community resilience in the United Kingdom (UK) in connection with severe floods. Written for early academic professionals, students, and community practitioners, it investigates the educational and practical meaning and application of community resilience using a UK-centric local-level case study. Exploring the perceptions of both those who have been affected by a natural hazard and those who have not, the book reveals how trust, community resources, and neighborhood security can offer effective ways of bringing communities together after a natural hazard. The author introduces the topic of community resilience as it applies to disasters in Chapter 1 and its implications for securing and improving the wellbeing of disaster-affected communities in Chapters 2 and 3. In Chapter 4, the lessons learned contributing to the available information and research on community resilience are reviewed. Finally, the author offers recommendations and outlines future directions in coping with the uncertainty and insecurity caused by natural hazards in Chapter 5.Table of Contents1. What is community resilience? How does it apply to coping with uncertainty caused by disasters?.- 2. What do disaster-affected communities say about community resilience? How do specific communities think and apply community resilience?.- 3. What do high flood-risk areas of the UK understand about community resilience?.- 4. How do the elements of community resilience relate to the Negative Outcomes of Flooding? Lessons for coping with uncertainty and future security.- 5. Recommendations to improve community flood security through community resilience approaches.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook covers the range of psychological and interpersonal issues that can affect astronauts living and working in space. It deals with the three major risk areas cited by NASA’s Behavioral Health and Performance Element: Behavioral Medicine, Team Risk, and Sleep Risk. Based on the author’s more than 50 years of experience in space-related activities writing, conducting research, and teaching undergraduate and graduate courses, the book follows a comprehensive range of topics that include: cognitive effects; psychiatric issues; cultural influences; salutogenic and positive aspects of space travel; autonomy and delayed communication; current plans to return to the Moon and Mars; analysis of study environments such as the polar regions, submersible habitats, and space simulation facilities; and more. It draws on research, literature, and case studies from the 1950s onward, showing readers in a natural and accessible way how the field has progressed over time. The book contains ample end-of-chapter summaries and exercises as well as a complete glossary of key terms. As such, it will serve students taking courses in aerospace psychology, psychiatry, sociology, human factors, medicine, and related social sciences, in addition to space industry professionals and others interested in the complexities of people living and working in space.Trade Review“For students of aerospace psychiatry, medicine, and psychology, and for other people working in the aerospace industry or the general public, this work amply reviews the field and provides a broad, rich wealth of information in a scholarly fashion. Dr. Kanas’s book is a cogent, practical textbook that focuses on the most fragile element of human space exploration: the human element. I highly recommend this book … .” (Charles H. Dukes, Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, Vol. 94 (8), August, 2023)​“This book … is really the guidelines or criteria of healthy behavior for human space travel, either non-commercial or commercial. Writing to be a textbook, the contents are considered to be more than rich, sufficient and exhaustive. More importantly, the book guides students and readers from shallow to deep with the in-depth academic theory as basics and the easy understandable features as phenomena. … Throughout the book, there are enormous amount of statistical data, figures … .” (Acta Astronautica, June 1, 2023)Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION (Stressors in Space; Sources of Information: Anecdotes, Simulations and Analogs, Space Missions; Critical Thinking and the Scientific Method; Public vs Private Space Missions; Orientation to Book)SECTION I: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH Chapter 1: Sleep, Cognition, and Performance Chapter 2: Psychological Issues Chapter 3: Positive Effects of Space Chapter 4: Psychiatric Issues SECTION II: HUMAN INTERACTIONS Chapter 5: Interpersonal Issues Chapter 6: Teamwork and Cohesion Chapter 7: Culture and Language Chapter 8: Countermeasures for Space Crews SECTION III: THE FUTURE Chapter 9: Space Tourism Chapter 10: Back to the Moon Chapter 11: Mission to Mars Chapter 12: Interplanetary and Interstellar Missions APPENDICES Answers to Exercises and Questions ?? GLOSSARY INDEX

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Book SynopsisEURECA-PRO is the global educational core hub and interdisciplinary research and innovation leader in qualitative environmental and social framework development for responsible consumption and production.Through its novel approach, on the one hand, it holistically contributes to the highly topical issue of Sustainable Consumption and Production under the umbrella of Sustainable Development Goal 12, and on the other hand it effectively contributes to the development of the European Higher Education Area complimentary to Sustainable Development Goal 4.In this book readers will find the discussion results among professionals, academics and scientists on responsible consumption and production, regarding the latest advances to achieve a sustainable society. This book contents 5 chapters focused on: Smart and healthy societies, Recycling, reused and longer lasting products, fresh air, clean water, healthy soil and biodiversity, cleaner energy and cutting-edge clean technological innovation, and industry 4.0.This book also intends to show the current and future challenges, and innovative solutions considering the technological, humanistic, educational, economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainabilityTable of ContentsSmart and healthy societies · Smart healthy· Healthy cities and quality of life · Smart cities: energy systems, buildings, mobility and transportation · Data security and privacyies Recycling, reuse, and longer lasting products · Societal, economic, and technological change for improvement, recovery and reuse of materials and products · Technical, societal, economic, business and policy aspects and strategies to improve sustainability and productivity of resources use · Circular plastics/ sustainable packaging · Sustainable built environment: natural, ecological, waste-based or recycled content Fresh air, clean water, healthy soil and biodiversity · Socio-ecological processes and impacts: knowledge for human well-being and environmental sustainability · Global change and environmental disturbances · Biodiversity in the air of modeling and artificial intelligence · Soil and water conservation and impacts Cleaner energy and cutting-edge clean technological innovation · CCUS - Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage · Green hydrogen in the global energy system · Renewable energy transition · Decarbonizing the global economy Industry 4.0 · Sensors for the smart manufacturing environment, healthcare and other applications · Industrial applications of the Internet of Things · Educating the Industry 4.0 generation Artificial intelligence for industrial applications

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Book SynopsisMercury is a naturally occurring element that is toxic in nature. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the safe limit of mercury ion in drinking water is 10 nM to avoid the serious health problems to humans. Mercury is a pollutant of global concern. Both anthropogenic activities and natural processes cause its release into different spheres of the environment resulting in severe adverse impacts. Increased anthropogenic discharge of mercury leads to disturbance in its natural biogeochemical cycle which results in to unenviable diseases and hazardous health effects.This book will provide state-of-the-art information to the graduate students training in toxicology, risk assessors, researchers and medical providers at large. Many monographs, book chapters, contemporary reviews, and peer reviewed articles about mercury health impact are also available worldwide. However, there is no complete understanding available on toxicological studies of mercury, which covers the broader spectrum of findings that range from sources of exposure to mercury toxicity as well as its remediation strategies. It is aimed to bring the readers updated information about the sources of mercury contamination, and its impact on human health and on prospective mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The book contains three sections. First section describes the different sources and distribution of mercury in the environment. Second section explains the health risks linked to mercury poisoning. Third section addresses sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The key topic of this book will cover following: •Source and distribution of mercury in the environment•Effects and responses of mercury toxicity in plants• Health risk linked to mercury poisoning• Sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategiesThis book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on mercury contamination throughout the world.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to "Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change.- Chapter 2. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 3. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Crop Resilience to Salinity, Plant Traits and Selection Criteria.- Chapter 5. Genetic Variability and Genetic Resources for Salinity Resilience.- Chapter 6. Genetic Analysis of Salinity Tolerance and Relevant Traits in Field Crops.- Chapter 7. Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology.- Chapter 9. Mitigation Options towards Sustainability via Agricultural Practices.- Chapter 10. Techniques and Measurements of Assessing Genotypes Update, General Conclusions and Recommendations of “ Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change" for Salinity tolerance.

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Book SynopsisThe chapters contained here present the status quo in different parts of the world and provide essential information on arsenic exposure risks for humans as well as possible measures for tackling arsenic poisoning.

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