Robotics Books

Book SynopsisKai-Fu Lee (Author) Kai-Fu Lee is the CEO of Sinovation Ventures and New York Times bestselling author of AI Superpowers. Lee was formerly the president of Google China and a senior executive at Microsoft, SGI, and Apple. Co-chair of the Artificial Intelligence Council at the World Economic Forum, he has a bachelor's degree from Columbia and a PhD from Carnegie Mellon. Lee's numerous honors include being named to the Time 100 and Wired 25 Icons lists.Chen Qiufan (Author) Chen Qiufan (aka Stanley Chan) is an award-winning author, translator, creative producer, and curator. He is the president of the World Chinese Science Fiction Association. His works include Waste Tide, Future Diseases, and The Algorithm for Life. The founder of Thema Mundi, a content development studio, he lives in Beijing and Shanghai.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Sunday Times Business Book of the Year.Scary Smart will teach you how to navigate the scary and inevitable intrusion of Artificial Intelligence, with an accessible blueprint for creating a harmonious future alongside AI. From Mo Gawdat, the former Chief Business Officer at Google [X] and bestselling author of Solve for Happy.Technology is putting our humanity at risk to an unprecedented degree. This book is not for engineers who write the code or the policy makers who claim they can regulate it. This is a book for you. Because, believe it or not, you are the only one that can fix it. – Mo GawdatArtificial intelligence is smarter than humans. It can process information at lightning speed and remain focused on specific tasks without distraction. AI can see into the future, predict outcomes and even use sensors to see around physical and virtual corners. So why does AI frequently get it so wrong and cause harm?The answer is us: the human beings who write the code and teach AI to mimic our behaviour. Scary Smart explains how to fix the current trajectory now, to make sure that the AI of the future can preserve our species. This book offers a blueprint, pointing the way to what we can do to safeguard ourselves, those we love, and the planet itself.'No one ever regrets reading anything Mo Gawdat has written.' – Emma Gannon, author of The Multi-Hyphen Method and host of the podcast Ctrl Alt DeleteTrade ReviewMo Gawdat is my life guru. His writing, his ideas and his generosity in sharing them has changed my life for the better in so many ways. Everything he writes is an enlightening education in how to be human. -- Elizabeth DayMo is an exquisite writer and speaker with deep expertise of technology . . . This book will teach you how to navigate the scary and inevitable intrusion of AI as well as who really is in control. Us. -- Dr Rupy Aujla, MBBS, BSc, MRCGP, Founder of "The Doctor's Kitchen"A proactive and bold read that provides the shake that humans need to take back our agency over AI, and therefore the fate of the world as we see it. -- Dr Camilla Pang, author of Explaining Humans: What Science Can Teach Us About Life, Love and RelationshipsA brilliant mind . . . Mo takes us on a whirlwind exploration of the fast-approaching singularity, and offers a desperate last chance to have a say in the future of humanity. Read this book! -- Tim Ash, bestselling author of Unleash Your Primal BrainNo one ever regrets reading anything Mo Gawdat has written. -- Emma Gannon, Sunday Times bestselling author of The Multi-Hyphen Method and host of award-winning podcast Ctrl Alt DeleteScary Smart is unlike anything I’ve ever read . . . What Mo does is help us analyze what it means to be human, by looking at what can or cannot happen with the rise of artificial intelligence. -- Poppy Jamie, author and founder of Happy Not Perfect

Read more less

Book SynopsisTHE PERFECT INTRODUCTION TO AI FROM THE PRESENTER OF THE 2023 ROYAL INSTITUTION CHRISTMAS LECTURE''I propose to consider the question, ''Can machines think?'' Alan Turing (1950)Part of the ALL-NEW Ladybird Expert series.This book is for everyone living in the age of Artificial Intelligence. And this is an accessible and authoritative introduction to one of the most important conversations of our time . . . Written by computer scientist Michael Wooldridge, Artificial Intelligence chronicles the development of intelligent machines, from Turing''s dream of machines that think, to today''s digital assistants like Siri and Alexa. AI is not something that awaits us in the future. Inside you''ll learn how we have come to rely on embedded AI software and what a world of ubiquitous AI might look like.What''s inside?- The British mathematician Alan Turing- Can machines ''understand''?<Trade ReviewThe artwork is gloriously retro, echoing the original Ladybird house style but containing completely up to date information. * Shiny New Books *

Read more less

Book SynopsisRobotic Process Automation will continue its exponential growth over the next five years. This book brings a new focus on RPA's strategic potential: the innovations made possible and how to deliver through effective sourcing stakeholder-buy-in, governance, change management, and capability development practices.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Robotic Process Automation: The Diffusion of Innovation Challenge Chapter 2: Becoming Strategic with RPA Chapter 3: Start Right: RPA Sourcing, Platform and Total Value Chapter 4: Institutionalise Fast: Gaining Stakeholder Buy-In and Governance Chapter 5: Institutionalise Fast: Change Management and Capability Development Chapter 6: On The Maturity Path: Institutionalise and Innovate Chapter 7: In Their Own Words: Manufacturing, Retail and Telecommunications Chapter 8: In Their Own Words: Financial, Insight, Health and Business Services

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Official Raspberry Pi Handbook is fully updated for Raspberry Pi in 2024. Packed with all the information beginners need to use their new Raspberry Pi computer. And the best projects from the year for long-term Raspberry Pi enthusiasts. Learn how to set up the Raspberry Pi, install an operating system, and start using Raspberry Pi OS. Follow step-by-step guides to code animations and games using both Scratch and Python languages. Create incredible computing projects with electronic components. The Official Raspberry Pi Handbook 2024 the biggest book of the year for the Raspberry Pi community and a must-buy for all Raspberry Pi owners.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Spatial Transformations 3. Forward Kinematics 4. Inverse Kinematics 5. Velocities, Static Forces, and Jacobians 6. Dynamics 7. Trajectory Planning 8. Mechanical Design of Robots 9. Linear Control 10. Non-Linear Control 11. Force Control 12. Programming Languages and Systems 13. Simulation and Off-Line Programming

Read more less

Book SynopsisA New Edition Featuring Case Studies and Examples of the Fundamentals of Robot Kinematics, Dynamics, and Control In the 2nd Edition of Robot Modeling and Control, students will cover the theoretical fundamentals and the latest technological advances in robot kinematics. With so much advancement in technology, from robotics to motion planning, society can implement more powerful and dynamic algorithms than ever before. This in-depth reference guide educates readers in four distinct parts; the first two serve as a guide to the fundamentals of robotics and motion control, while the last two dive more in-depth into control theory and nonlinear system analysis. With the new edition, readers gain access to new case studies and thoroughly researched information covering topics such as: ? Motion-planning, collision avoidance, trajectory optimization, and control of robots ? Popular topics within the robotics industry and how they apply to various teTable of ContentsPreface v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Mathematical Modeling of Robots 5 1.1.1 Symbolic Representation of Robot Manipulators 5 1.1.2 The Configuration Space 5 1.1.3 The State Space 6 1.1.4 The Workspace 7 1.2 Robots as Mechanical Devices 7 1.2.1 Classification of Robotic Manipulators 8 1.2.2 Robotic Systems 10 1.2.3 Accuracy and Repeatability 10 1.2.4 Wrists and End Effectors 12 1.3 Common Kinematic Arrangements 13 1.3.1 Articulated Manipulator (RRR) 13 1.3.2 Spherical Manipulator (RRP) 14 1.3.3 SCARA Manipulator (RRP) 14 1.3.4 Cylindrical Manipulator (RPP) 15 1.3.5 Cartesian Manipulator (PPP) 15 1.3.6 Parallel Manipulator 18 1.4 Outline of the Text 18 1.4.1 Manipulator Arms 18 1.4.2 Underactuated and Mobile Robots 27 Problems 27 Notes and References 29 I The Geometry of Robots 33 2 Rigid Motions 35 2.1 Representing Positions 36 2.2 Representing Rotations 38 2.2.1 Rotation in the Plane 38 2.2.2 Rotations in Three Dimensions 41 2.3 Rotational Transformations 44 2.4 Composition of Rotations 48 2.4.1 Rotation with Respect to the Current Frame 48 2.4.2 Rotation with Respect to the Fixed Frame 50 2.4.3 Rules for Composition of Rotations 51 2.5 Parameterizations of Rotations 52 2.5.1 Euler Angles 53 2.5.2 Roll, Pitch, Yaw Angles 55 2.5.3 Axis-Angle Representation 57 2.5.4 Exponential Coordinates 59 2.6 Rigid Motions 61 2.6.1 Homogeneous Transformations 62 2.6.2 Exponential Coordinates for General Rigid Motions 65 2.7 Chapter Summary 65 Problems 67 Notes and References 73 3 Forward Kinematics 75 3.1 Kinematic Chains 75 3.2 The Denavit-Hartenberg Convention 78 3.2.1 Existence and Uniqueness 80 3.2.2 Assigning the Coordinate Frames 83 3.3 Examples 87 3.3.1 Planar Elbow Manipulator 87 3.3.2 Three-Link Cylindrical Robot 89 3.3.3 The Spherical Wrist 90 3.3.4 Cylindrical Manipulator with Spherical Wrist 91 3.3.5 Stanford Manipulator 93 3.3.6 SCARA Manipulator 95 3.4 Chapter Summary 96 Problems 96 Notes and References 99 4 Velocity Kinematics 101 4.1 Angular Velocity: The Fixed Axis Case 102 4.2 Skew-Symmetric Matrices 103 4.2.1 Properties of Skew-Symmetric Matrices 104 4.2.2 The Derivative of a Rotation Matrix 105 4.3 Angular Velocity: The General Case 107 4.4 Addition of Angular Velocities 108 4.5 Linear Velocity of a Point Attached to a Moving Frame 110 4.6 Derivation of the Jacobian 111 4.6.1 Angular Velocity 112 4.6.2 Linear Velocity 113 4.6.3 Combining the Linear and Angular Velocity Jacobians 115 4.7 The Tool Velocity 119 4.8 The Analytical Jacobian 121 4.9 Singularities 122 4.9.1 Decoupling of Singularities 123 4.9.2 Wrist Singularities 125 4.9.3 Arm Singularities 125 4.10 Static Force/Torque Relationships 129 4.11 Inverse Velocity and Acceleration 131 4.12 Manipulability 133 4.13 Chapter Summary 136 Problems 138 Notes and References 140 5 Inverse Kinematics 141 5.1 The General Inverse Kinematics Problem 141 5.2 Kinematic Decoupling 143 5.3 Inverse Position: A Geometric Approach 145 5.3.1 Spherical Configuration 146 5.3.2 Articulated Configuration 148 5.4 Inverse Orientation 151 5.5 Numerical Inverse Kinematics 156 5.6 Chapter Summary 158 Problems 160 Notes and References 162 II Dynamics and Motion Planning 163 6 Dynamics 165 6.1 The Euler-Lagrange Equations 166 6.1.1 Motivation 166 6.1.2 Holonomic Constraints and Virtual Work 170 6.1.3 D'Alembert's Principle 174 6.2 Kinetic and Potential Energy 177 6.2.1 The Inertia Tensor 178 6.2.2 Kinetic Energy for an n-Link Robot 180 6.2.3 Potential Energy for an n-Link Robot 181 6.3 Equations of Motion 181 6.4 Some Common Configurations 184 6.5 Properties of Robot Dynamic Equations 194 6.5.1 Skew Symmetry and Passivity 194 6.5.2 Bounds on the Inertia Matrix 196 6.5.3 Linearity in the Parameters 196 6.6 Newton-Euler Formulation 198 6.6.1 Planar Elbow Manipulator Revisited 206 6.7 Chapter Summary 209 Problems 211 Notes and References 214 7 Path and Trajectory Planning 215 7.1 The Configuration Space 216 7.1.1 Representing the Configuration Space 217 7.1.2 Configuration Space Obstacles 218 7.1.3 Paths in the Configuration Space 221 7.2 Path Planning for Q = ℝ2 221 7.2.1 The Visibility Graph 222 7.2.2 The Generalized Voronoi Diagram 224 7.2.3 Trapezoidal Decompositions 226 7.3 Artificial Potential Fields 229 7.3.1 Artificial Potential Fields for Q = ℝn 230 7.3.2 Potential Fields for Q ≠ ℝn 235 7.4 Sampling-Based Methods 245 7.4.1 Probabilistic Roadmaps (PRM) 246 7.4.2 Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees (RRTs) 250 7.5 Trajectory Planning 252 7.5.1 Trajectories for Point-to-Point Motion 253 7.5.2 Trajectories for Paths Specified by Via Points 261 7.6 Chapter Summary 263 Problems 265 Notes and References 267 III Control of Manipulators 269 8 Independent Joint Control 271 8.1 Introduction 271 8.2 Actuator Dynamics 273 8.3 Load Dynamics 276 8.4 Independent Joint Model 278 8.5 PID Control 281 8.6 Feedforward Control 288 8.6.1 Trajectory Tracking 289 8.6.2 The Method of Computed Torque 291 8.7 Drive-Train Dynamics 292 8.8 State Space Design 297 8.8.1 State Feedback Control 299 8.8.2 Observers 301 8.9 Chapter Summary 304 Problems 307 Notes and References 309 9 Nonlinear and Multivariable Control 311 9.1 Introduction 311 9.2 PD Control Revisited 313 9.3 Inverse Dynamics 317 9.3.1 Joint Space Inverse Dynamics 317 9.3.2 Task Space Inverse Dynamics 320 9.3.3 Robust Inverse Dynamics 322 9.3.4 Adaptive Inverse Dynamics 327 9.4 Passivity-Based Control 329 9.4.1 Passivity-Based Robust Control 331 9.4.2 Passivity-Based Adaptive Control 332 9.5 Torque Optimization 333 9.6 Chapter Summary 337 Problems 341 Notes and References 343 10 Force Control 345 10.1 Coordinate Frames and Constraints 347 10.1.1 Reciprocal Bases 347 10.1.2 Natural and Artificial Constraints 349 10.2 Network Models and Impedance 351 10.2.1 Impedance Operators 353 10.2.2 Classification of Impedance Operators 354 10.2.3 Thévenin and Norton Equivalents 355 10.3 Task Space Dynamics and Control 355 10.3.1 Impedance Control 356 10.3.2 Hybrid Impedance Control 358 10.4 Chapter Summary 361 Problems 362 Notes and References 364 11 Vision-Based Control 365 11.1 Design Considerations 366 11.1.1 Camera Configuration 366 11.1.2 Image-Based vs. Position-Based Approaches 367 11.2 Computer Vision for Vision-Based Control 368 11.2.1 The Geometry of Image Formation 369 11.2.2 Image Features 373 11.3 Camera Motion and the Interaction Matrix 378 11.4 The Interaction Matrix for Point Features 379 11.4.1 Velocity Relative to a Moving Frame 380 11.4.2 Constructing the Interaction Matrix 381 11.4.3 Properties of the Interaction Matrix for Points 384 11.4.4 The Interaction Matrix for Multiple Points 385 11.5 Image-Based Control Laws 386 11.5.1 Computing Camera Motion 387 11.5.2 Proportional Control Schemes 389 11.5.3 Performance of Image-Based Control Systems 390 11.6 End Effector and Camera Motions 393 11.7 Partitioned Approaches 394 11.8 Motion Perceptibility 397 11.9 Summary 399 Problems 401 Notes and References 405 12 Feedback Linearization 409 12.1 Background 410 12.1.1 Manifolds, Vector Fields, and Distributions 410 12.1.2 The Frobenius Theorem 414 12.2 Feedback Linearization 417 12.3 Single-Input Systems 419 12.4 Multi-Input Systems 429 12.5 Chapter Summary 433 Problems 433 Notes and References 435 IV Control of Underactuated Systems 437 13 Underactuated Robots 439 13.1 Introduction 439 13.2 Modeling 440 13.3 Examples of Underactuated Robots 443 13.3.1 The Cart-Pole System 443 13.3.2 The Acrobot 445 13.3.3 The Pendubot 446 13.3.4 The Reaction-Wheel Pendulum 447 13.4 Equilibria and Linear Controllability 448 13.4.1 Linear Controllability 450 13.5 Partial Feedback Linearization 456 13.5.1 Collocated Partial Feedback Linearization 457 13.5.2 Noncollocated Partial Feedback Linearization 459 13.6 Output Feedback Linearization 461 13.6.1 Computation of the Zero Dynamics 463 13.6.2 Virtual Holonomic Constraints 466 13.7 Passivity-Based Control 466 13.7.1 The Simple Pendulum 467 13.7.2 The Reaction-Wheel Pendulum 471 13.7.3 Swingup and Balance of The Acrobot 473 13.8 Chapter Summary 474 Problems 476 Notes and References 477 14 Mobile Robots 479 14.1 Nonholonomic Constraints 480 14.2 Involutivity and Holonomy 484 14.3 Examples of Nonholonomic Systems 487 14.4 Dynamic Extension 493 14.5 Controllability of Driftless Systems 495 14.6 Motion Planning 499 14.6.1 Conversion to Chained Forms 499 14.6.2 Differential Flatness 506 14.7 Feedback Control of Driftless Systems 509 14.7.1 Stabilizability 509 14.7.2 Nonsmooth Control 511 14.7.3 Trajectory Tracking 513 14.7.4 Feedback Linearization 515 14.8 Chapter Summary 519 Problems 520 Notes and References 521 A Trigonometry 523 A.1 The Two-Argument Arctangent Function 523 A.2 Useful Trigonometric Formulas 523 B Linear Algebra 525 B.1 Vectors 525 B.2 Inner Product Spaces 526 B.3 Matrices 528 B.4 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 530 B.5 Differentiation of Vectors 533 B.6 The Matrix Exponential 534 B.7 Lie Groups and Lie Algebras 534 B.8 Matrix Pseudoinverse 536 B.9 Schur Complement 536 B.10 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 537 C Lyapunov Stability 539 C.1 Continuity and Differentiability 539 C.2 Vector Fields and Equilibria 541 C.3 Lyapunov Functions 545 C.4 Stability Criteria 545 C.5 Global and Exponential Stability 546 C.6 Stability of Linear Systems 547 C.7 LaSalle's Theorem 548 C.8 Barbalat's Lemma 549 D Optimization 551 D.1 Unconstrained Optimization 551 D.2 Constrained Optimization 552 E Camera Calibration 555 E.1 The Image Plane and the Sensor Array 555 E.2 Extrinsic Camera Parameters 556 E.3 Intrinsic Camera Parameters 557 E.4 Determining the Camera Parameters 557 Bibliography 561 Index 576

Read more less

Book SynopsisCollins Big Cat supports every primary child on their reading journey from phonics to fluency. Top authors and illustrators have created fiction and non-fiction books that children love to read. Book banded for guided and independent reading, there are reading notes in the back, comprehensive teaching and assessment support and ebooks available.Part of the Shinoy and the Chaos Crew non-fiction series, this information book ties into The Day of the Dodgy Doubles.Find out the answers to questions you''ve always wanted to know about robots.Robots aren't just scientific-looking people. They're all around us, and can do a lot of human jobs. Find out all about robots, and what the future holds for them.Lime/Band 11 books have longer sentence structures and a greater use of literary language.Ideas for reading in the back of the book provide practical support and stimulating activities.

Read more less

Book SynopsisLearn the incredible battle secrets of amazing LEGO mechs and compare your favourites. From Lloyd''s Titan Mech to Spiderman''s Spider Mech, discover all the most fearsome LEGO mechs and what gives them the edge in battle. Find out how many mechs Batman has, and read about all the battle features of LEGO Jurassic World''s Dino-Mech. See awesome mechs go head-to-head, plus read how you can up-spec your mech. With amazing photography that shows off each mech in stunning detail, plus fact-packed data boxes so you can compare each mech, this book is perfect for any fan of LEGO mechs.2021 The LEGO Group.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisBig Cat Phonics for Little Wandle Letters and Sounds Revised has been developed in collaboration with Wandle Learning Trust and Little Sutton Primary School. It comprises classroom resources to support the SSP programme and a range of phonic readers that together provide a consistent and highly effective approach to teaching phonics.This little robot is fully energised and ready to go, it''s time to explore! But danger strikes when all of a sudden a huge creature blocks his path. How will the robot use its skills to escape the creature's sharp claws and spiky teeth?

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn Surrogate Humanity Neda Atanasoski and Kalindi Vora trace the ways in which robots, artificial intelligence, and other technologies serve as surrogates for human workers within a labor system entrenched in racial capitalism and patriarchy. Analyzing myriad technologies, from sex robots and military drones to sharing-economy platforms, Atanasoski and Vora show how liberal structures of antiblackness, settler colonialism, and patriarchy are fundamental to human---machine interactions, as well as the very definition of the human. While these new technologies and engineering projects promise a revolutionary new future, they replicate and reinforce racialized and gendered ideas about devalued work, exploitation, dispossession, and capitalist accumulation. Yet, even as engineers design robots to be more perfect versions of the human—more rational killers, more efficient workers, and tireless companions—the potential exists to develop alternative modes of engineerinTrade Review“By bringing a much more nuanced reading of race, gender, and difference to science and technology studies, Atanasoski and Vora provoke us to think more deeply about how our imagined technological futures always already serve to reproduce our most problematic pasts—and what forms or processes can disrupt and transcend these. This is a vital project that should speak to us all.” -- Barbara Herr Harthorn * American Ethnologist *“Surrogate Humanity...confirm[s] that the human is a contingent concept.... The authors also spotlight how contemporary discourses concerning automation, in particular, alternately promise liberation and threaten debasement while eliding the roles of racialized and colonial subjects in producing the technologies and materials on which automation relies.” -- Rebecah Pulsifer * Women's Studies Quarterly *“...Surrogate Humanity usefully provides examples from literary, artistic, engineering, and scientific projects that critique or outright refuse technoliberalism’s frame for recognizing full humanity. These rebellious acts of imagination show us that the potential exists to develop alternative designs and trajectories for technological development ... in ways that prioritize equity and justice.” -- Anita Lam * Surveillance & Society *“Surrogate Humanity is a fascinating and important book that provides a much-needed counter narrative to prevailing approaches in science and technology studies.... Complemented by their mode of collaborative writing as a radical feminist act, the book is thus certain to inspire scholars and activists alike....” -- Sibille Merz * Ethnic and Racial Studies *“Atanasoski and Vora’s major intervention in the automation debate is their argument that automation imaginaries are shaped by liberal humanism and the racial hierarchies embedded in it.... One strength of Surrogate Humanity is the range of technological discourses, objects, and processes in which the authors elucidate the logics of technoliberalism.” -- J. Jesse Ramírez * American Quarterly *“Atanasoski andVora write with thoughtful scholarship and careful word selection.... [Surrogate Humanity] also provides a generative grounding in relevant science and technology studies and race theory literatures.... [I]t should be required reading in any sociology course on colonization and empire.” -- Laurel Smith-Doerr * Contemporary Sociology *“Surrogate Humanity questions what it means to be human at all, and is an incredibly useful analysis for anyone interested in shifting from thinking about robots within a tool-using paradigm, to an ethics paradigm.” -- Lindsay Balfour * Cultural Studies *Table of ContentsAcknowledgments vii Introduction: The Surrogate Human Effects of Technoliberalism 1 1. Technoliberalism and Automation: Racial Imaginaries of a Postlabor World 27 2. Sharing, Collaboration, and the Commons in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Appropriative Techniques of Technoliberal Capitalism 54 3. Automation and the Invisible Service Function: Toward an "Artificial Artificial Intelligence" 87 4. The Surrogate Human Affect: The Racial Programming of Robot Emotion 108 5. Machine Autonomy and the Unmanned Spacetime of Technoliberal Warfare 134 6. Killer Robots: Feeling Human in the Field of War 163 Epilogue: On Technoliberal Desire, Or Why There Is No Such Thing as a Feminist A1 188 Notes 197 Bibliography 225 Index 233

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume gathers together cutting-edge research from the Third Workshop on Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics and gives a solid overview of the state of the art in robot algorithms. The papers cover core problems in robotics, such as motion planning, sensor-based planning, manipulation, and assembly planning. They also examine the application of robotic algorithms in domains like molecular modeling, geometric modeling, and computer-assisted surgery.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is a comprehensive volume on robot teams that will be the standard reference on multi-robot systems. The volume provides not only the essentials of multi-agent robotics theory but also descriptions of exemplary implemented systems demonstrating the key concepts of multi-robot research. Information is presented in a descriptive manner and augmented with detailed mathematical formulations, photos, diagrams, and source code examples.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn alignment with BCS AI Foundation and Essentials certificates, this introductory guide provides the understanding you need to start building artificial intelligence (AI) capability into your organisation. You will learn how AI is being utilised today to support products, services, science and engineering, and how it is likely to be used in the future to balance the talents of humans and machines. You will explore robotics and machine learning within the context of AI, and discover how the challenges AI presents are being addressed. You will delve into the theory behind AI and machine learning projects, examining techniques for learning from data, the use of neural networks and why algorithms are so important in the development of a new AI agent or system.Trade Review'This book is a welcome read for those who want to know more about AI but don’t have a degree level background in the underlying subjects. It successfully brings the beginner up to speed and is written with such enthusiasm that the more complex topics become manageable. For a foundation level book it covers an impressive content range, whilst also providing a solid grounding in Machine Learning. The topics are clearly and succinctly exemplified by 3 case studies which bring AI into the real world.' -- Rosie Sheldon * Senior Trainer, TSG-training *'Many commentators see AI as the key enabler of the fifth industrial revolution. In this clear and concise guide to the BCS Artificial Intelligence Foundation qualification, Andrew Lowe and Steve Lawless set out to clearly explain the core concepts around artificial intelligence, machine learning, applications in robotics and more. A ‘must have’ guide in preparation for the BCS AI Foundation exam, this book will not only assist with exam success, but will capture your imagination to the possibilities in front of us when reimagining the human vs machine relationship.' -- Richard Webber * Digital Transformation Programme Manager, Ravensbourne University London *'This is a great book for executives to understand how AI may fit into their company and the types of benefits that they may gain and some of the pitfalls they may fall into. The book gives a clear picture of where AI fits with other types of decision-making processes. It covers many different aspects of how AI can be developed and how it affects society, with a particular focus on ethics and the human machine interface.' -- Dr Paul Edward Mort, B.Eng. (Hons), PhD, MBA, MIMechE CEng FNucI * Innovation Lead for Special Nuclear Materials, Sellafield Ltd *'Produces a great storm of ideas and thoughts with a funny touch from the authors...This is a piece of art and a “must read", for good immersion in the theme.' -- David Mondragón Tapia * IT & Business Consultant, DieresiS - Business and Professional Services *'This book is a highly recommended read for those starting out on Artificial Intelligence learning or as a refresher, written by two very knowledgeable authors, who put across the subject in an easy to understand manner.' -- Mat Gardam * Cyber Security Professional *'Manages to provide a fundamental grounding in the theory and application of AI without relying on mathematical or data science skills...the theory is colourfully illustrated with examples of both AI successes and challenges, which will prove an invaluable foundation to the reader's learning from experience in the world of Artificial Intelligence.' -- Mark Ainsworth * Director and Business Analyst, Promising ICT Limited *Table of Contents Introduction - Ethical and Sustainable Human and Artificial AI Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Applying The Benefits of AI and Identifying Challenges and Risks Starting AI - How to Build A Machine Learning Toolbox Algorithms The Management, Roles and Responsibilities of Humans and Machines AI in Use in Industry - Reimagining Everything in the Fourth Industrial Revolution AI Case Studies

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe rise of artificial intelligence and its countless branches have caused many professional industries to rethink their traditional methods of practice and develop new techniques to keep pace with technological advancement. The continued use of intelligent technologies in the professional world has propelled researchers to contemplate future opportunities and challenges that artificial intelligence may withhold. Significant research is a necessity for understanding future trends of artificial intelligence and the preparation of prospective issues. Analyzing Future Applications of AI, Sensors, and Robotics in Society provides emerging research exploring the potential uses and future challenges of intelligent technological advancements and their impact in education, finance, politics, business, healthcare, and engineering. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as neuronal networks, cognitive computing, and e-health, this book is ideally designed for practitioners, researchers, scientists, executives, strategists, policymakers, academicians, government officials, developers, and students seeking current research on future societal uses of intelligent technology.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisBig Cat Phonics for Little Wandle Letters and Sounds Revised has been developed in collaboration with Wandle Learning Trust and Little Sutton Primary School. It comprises classroom resources to support the SSP programme and a range of phonic readers that together provide a consistent and highly effective approach to teaching phonics.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Technological solutions regarding mental health of frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic using artifical intelligence 3. Effective algorithms for solving statistical problems posed by the COVID-19 andemic 4. Artifical intelligence to analyse pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 5. Covid-19: artificial intelligence solutions, prediction with country cluster analysis and time series forecasting 6. Graph convolutional networks for pain detection via telehealth 7. The role of social media in the battle against COVID-19 8. De-identification techniques to preserve privacy in medical record 9. Estimation of COVID-19 fatality associated to different SARS-CoV-2 variants 10. Artificial intelligence for segmenting CT chest imaging in the fight of COVID-19

Read more less

Book SynopsisExamines real-world implementations of service automation technologies using Robotic Process Automation and Cognitive Automation tools. Using case studies, this newest, detailed research finds that RPA adoptions are accelerating, maturing, & scaling in global enterprise. It covers multiple industries, applications, and shared services.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTwo of the biggest design problems in Artificial Intelligenceare how to build robots that behave in line with human values and how to stop them ever going rogue. One under-explored solution to these alignment and control problems might be to examine how these are already addressed in the design of humans.Looking closely at the human blueprint, it contains a suite of capacities that are so clumsy they have generally been kept away from AI. It was assumed that robots with features like emotions and intuition, that made mistakes and looked for meaning and purpose, would not workas well as robots without this kind of code. But on considering why all these irrational properties are there, it seems that they emerge from the source code of soul. Because it is actually this junk' code that makes us human and promotes the kind of reciprocal altruism that keeps humanity alive and thriving.Robot Souls looks at developments in AI and reviews the emergence of ideas of consciTrade Review"Many people have a sense of unease about the direction in which AI is taking us. This is more than a worry about losing jobs or online content, although these are symptoms. This is a sense that something more fundamental is wrong—that the way programmers and designers understand ‘intelligence’ is itself awry.With her extraordinary ability to bridge the arts and sciences, Eve Poole not only diagnoses what is wrong, but offers an entirely novel suggestion about how to put it right. Rather than throwing up her hands in horror, Poole offers a way out of the nightmare: stop stripping out all that makes us most human—like emotions and mistakes—and put our ‘junk code’ into the programming. If it has been good enough for human survival, it is good enough for AI.Robot Souls is a brilliant book that wears its breadth of learning lightly and makes a complex subject seem simply. It is funny, readable, and important. It upends the fundamental presuppositions of AI and puts the enterprise on a new, more human, foundation."Linda Woodhead, F.D.Maurice Professor King’s College London, UK"In Robot Souls, Eve Poole advances what is a provocative—even heretical—idea: our AIs and robots not only can have souls; we need them to have souls. In developing this groundbreaking proposal, Poole not only provides a much-needed critical examination of human exceptionalism but uses this opportunity to develop an innovative conceptualization of soul as the messy but necessary “junk code” of consciousness. More than a report concerning the current and future state-of-the-art, this remarkable and thoroughly engaging book is a soul-searching meditation on the nature of the soul, the significance it has had for our own self-image as human beings, and the fact that we now are and must learn to be responsible for the souls of those artifacts that have been created in our image."David J. Gunkel, Northern Illinois University, USA"What does it mean that humans are endowed with souls? Could souls be the markers of our distinctiveness from intelligent machines, or might robots also acquire them? These questions are critical in the context of the ongoing artificial intelligence revolution, and Eve Poole's 'Robot Souls' engages them directly and skillfully at the interface between science and religion. Her 'junk code' proposal represents a bold and exciting hypothesis, making us rethink what we deem most important about being human."Marius Dorobantu, the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the NetherlandsTable of Contents1. What is AI? 1.1. Is AI Conscious? 1.2. Robots 1.3. Inventing AI 1.4. Deep Learning 1.5. Reinforcement Learning 1.6. Bayesian AI 1.7. The Turing Test 2. How Should We Relate to AI? 2.1. How Should We Treat AI? 2.2. Regulation 2.3. Legal Status 2.4. Audit 2.5. Asimov 2.0 3. Will AI Replace Us? 3.1. Our Obsolescence Problem 3.2. The 12 Dooms 3.3. Distinctiveness 3.4 Materialism 3.5 Free Will and the Rule of Law 4. What Is Consciousness? 4.1. Mind 4.2. Consciousness 4.3. Qualia 5. How Do We Know? 5.1. How We Know Things 5.2. Thinking Styles 5.3 Types of Intelligence 6. The Soul 6.1. History of the Soul 6.2. Mapping Soul to Consciousness 7. Junk Code 7.1 Junk Code? 7.2. Emotions 7.3. Mistakes 7.4. Storytelling 7.5. Sixth Sense 7.6. Uncertainty 7.7. Free Will 7.8. Meaning 7.9. Community 8. Cultivating Soul 8.1. Cultivating Junk Code 8.2. Emotions 8.3. Mistakes 8.4. Storytelling 8.5. Sixth Sense 8.6. Uncertainty 8.7. Free Will 8.8. Meaning 9. Programming in Humanity 9.1. Why Bother? 9.2. Parenting 9.3. Gender 9.4 Coding Soul? 9.5. Emotions 9.6. Mistakes 9.7. Storytelling 9.8. Sixth Sense 9.9. Uncertainty 9.10. Free Will 9.11. Meaning 9.12. Robot Manifesto 10. Eucatastrophe 10.1. Changing Our Minds 10.2. Happily Ever After? Appendix. Glossary. References. Index.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisA Concise Introduction to Robot Programming with ROS2 provides the reader with the concepts and tools necessary to bring a robot to life through programming. It will equip the reader with the skills necessary to undertake projects with ROS2, the new version of ROS. It is not necessary to have previous experience with ROS2 as it will describe its concepts, tools, and methodologies from the beginning.Key Features Uses the two programming languages officially supported in ROS2 (C++, mainly, and Python) Approaches ROS2 from three different but complementary dimensions: the Community, Computation Graph, and the Workspace Includes a complete simulated robot, development and testing strategies, Behavior Trees, and Nav2 description, setup, and use A GitHub repository with code to assist readers It will appeal to motivated engineering students, engineers, and professionals working with robot programming.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xv About the Companion Website xix 1 Fundamentals 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 What Is a Robot? 2 1.3 Classification of Robots 3 1.4 What Is Robotics? 3 1.5 History of Robotics 3 1.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots 4 1.7 Robot Components 5 1.8 Robot Degrees of Freedom 7 1.9 Robot Joints 9 1.10 Robot Coordinates 9 1.11 Robot Reference Frames 11 1.12 Programming Modes 12 1.13 Robot Characteristics 13 1.14 Robot Workspace 13 1.15 Robot Languages 14 1.16 Robot Applications 17 1.17 Other Robots and Applications 23 1.18 Collaborative Robots 28 1.19 Social Issues 29 1.20 Summary 30 References 30 Problems 32 2 Kinematics of Serial Robots: Position Analysis 35 2.1 Introduction 35 2.2 Robots as Mechanisms 35 2.3 Conventions 37 2.4 Matrix Representation 37 2.4.1 Representation of a Point in Space 37 2.4.2 Representation of a Vector in Space 38 2.4.3 Representation of a Frame at the Origin of a Fixed-Reference Frame 40 2.4.4 Representation of a Frame Relative to a Fixed Reference Frame 41 2.4.5 Representation of a Rigid Body 42 2.5 Homogeneous Transformation Matrices 45 2.6 Representation of Transformations 46 2.6.1 Representation of a Pure Translation 46 2.6.2 Representation of a Pure Rotation about an Axis 47 2.6.3 Representation of Combined Transformations 50 2.6.4 Transformations Relative to the Current (Moving) Frame 52 2.6.5 Mixed Transformations Relative to Rotating and Reference Frames 53 2.7 Inverse of Transformation Matrices 54 2.8 Forward and Inverse Kinematics of Robots 59 2.9 Forward and Inverse Kinematic Equations: Position 60 2.9.1 Cartesian (Gantry, Rectangular) Coordinates 60 2.9.2 Cylindrical Coordinates 61 2.9.3 Spherical Coordinates 63 2.9.4 Articulated Coordinates 65 2.10 Forward and Inverse Kinematic Equations: Orientation 65 2.10.1 Roll, Pitch, Yaw (RPY) Angles 65 2.10.2 Euler Angles 68 2.10.3 Articulated Joints 70 2.11 Forward and Inverse Kinematic Equations: Position and Orientation 70 2.12 Denavit-Hartenberg Representation of Forward Kinematic Equations of Robots 70 2.13 The Inverse Kinematic Solution of Robots 84 2.13.1 General Solution for Articulated Robot Arms 86 2.14 Inverse Kinematic Programming of Robots 89 2.15 Dual-Arm Cooperating Robots 91 2.16 Degeneracy and Dexterity 92 2.16.1 Degeneracy 92 2.16.2 Dexterity 93 2.17 The Fundamental Problem with the Denavit-Hartenberg Representation 93 2.18 Design Projects 95 2.18.1 Stair-Climbing Robot 96 2.18.2 A 3-DOF Robot 96 2.18.3 A 3-DOF Mobile Robot 98 2.19 Summary 99 References 99 Problems 99 3 Robot Kinematics with Screw-Based Mechanics 111 3.1 Introduction 111 3.2 What Is a Screw? 111 3.3 Rotation about a Screw Axis 112 3.4 Homogenous Transformations about a General Screw Axis 115 3.5 Successive Screw-Based Transformations 119 3.6 Forward and Inverse Position Analysis of an Articulated Robot 120 3.7 Design Projects 127 3.8 Summary 127 Additional Reading 128 Problems 128 4 Kinematics Analysis of Parallel Robots 133 4.1 Introduction 133 4.2 Physical Characteristics of Parallel Robots 134 4.3 The Denavit-Hartenberg Approach vs. the Direct Kinematic Approach 139 4.4 Forward and Inverse Kinematics of Planar Parallel Robots 140 4.4.1 Kinematic Analysis of a 3-RPR Planar Parallel Robot 141 4.4.2 Kinematic Analysis of a 3-RRR Planar Parallel Robot 143 4.5 Forward and Inverse Kinematics of Spatial Parallel Robots 147 4.5.1 Kinematic Analysis of a Generic 6-6 Stewart-Gough Platform 147 4.5.2 Kinematic Analysis of a Generic 6-3 Stewart-Gough Platform 152 4.5.3 Kinematic Analysis of a 3-Axis RSS-Type Parallel Robot 154 4.5.4 Kinematic Analysis of a 4-Axis RSS-Type Parallel Robot 160 4.5.5 Kinematic Analysis of a 3-Axis PSS-Type Parallel Robot 167 4.6 Other Parallel Robot Configurations 169 4.7 Design Projects 169 4.8 Summary 170 References 170 Problems 170 5 Differential Motions and Velocities 173 5.1 Introduction 173 5.2 Differential Relationships 173 5.3 The Jacobian 174 5.4 Differential versus Large-Scale Motions 176 5.5 Differential Motions of a Frame versus a Robot 177 5.6 Differential Motions of a Frame 178 5.6.1 Differential Translations 178 5.6.2 Differential Rotations about Reference Axes 178 5.6.3 Differential Rotation about a General Axis q 179 5.6.4 Differential Transformations of a Frame 181 5.7 Interpretation of the Differential Change 182 5.8 Differential Changes between Frames 183 5.9 Differential Motions of a Robot and Its Hand Frame 185 5.10 Calculation of the Jacobian 185 5.11 How to Relate the Jacobian and the Differential Operator 188 5.12 The Inverse Jacobian 191 5.13 Calculation of the Jacobian with Screw-Based Mechanics 197 5.14 The Inverse Jacobian for the Screw-Based Method 206 5.15 Calculation of the Jacobians of Parallel Robots 206 5.15.1 The Jacobian of a Planar 3-RRR Parallel Robot 207 5.15.2 The Jacobian of a Generic 6-6 Stewart-Gough Parallel Robot 208 5.16 Design Projects 210 5.16.1 The 3-DOF Robot 210 5.16.2 The 3-DOF Mobile Robot 210 5.17 Summary 210 References 211 Problems 211 6 Dynamic and Force Analysis 219 6.1 Introduction 219 6.2 Lagrangian Mechanics: A Short Overview 220 6.3 Effective Moments of Inertia 229 6.4 Dynamic Equations for Multiple-DOF Robots 229 6.4.1 Kinetic Energy 229 6.4.2 Potential Energy 234 6.4.3 The Lagrangian 234 6.4.4 Robot’s Equations of Motion 234 6.5 Static Force Analysis of Robots 239 6.6 Transformation of Forces and Moments between Coordinate Frames 242 6.7 Design Project 244 6.8 Summary 244 References 244 Problems 245 7 Trajectory Planning 247 7.1 Introduction 247 7.2 Path vs. Trajectory 247 7.3 Joint-Space vs. Cartesian-Space Descriptions 248 7.4 Basics of Trajectory Planning 249 7.5 Joint-Space Trajectory Planning 252 7.5.1 Third-Order Polynomial Trajectory Planning 252 7.5.2 Fifth-Order Polynomial Trajectory Planning 255 7.5.3 Linear Segments with Parabolic Blends 257 7.5.4 Linear Segments with Parabolic Blends and Via Points 259 7.5.5 Higher-Order Trajectories 260 7.5.6 Other Trajectories 263 7.6 Cartesian-Space Trajectories 263 7.7 Continuous Trajectory Recording 267 7.8 Design Project 268 7.9 Summary 269 References 269 Problems 269 8 Motion Control Systems 273 8.1 Introduction 273 8.2 Basic Components and Terminology 273 8.3 Block Diagrams 274 8.4 System Dynamics 274 8.5 Laplace Transform 278 8.6 Inverse Laplace Transform 281 8.6.1 Partial Fraction Expansion When F(s) Involves Only Distinct Poles 281 8.6.2 Partial Fraction Expansion When F(s) Involves Repeated Poles 282 8.6.3 Partial Fraction Expansion When F(s) Involves Complex Conjugate Poles 283 8.7 Transfer Functions 285 8.8 Block Diagram Algebra 288 8.9 Characteristics of First-Order Transfer Functions 290 8.10 Characteristics of Second-Order Transfer Functions 292 8.11 Characteristic Equation: Pole/Zero Mapping 294 8.12 Steady-State Error 296 8.13 Root Locus Method 298 8.14 Proportional Controllers 303 8.15 Proportional-Plus-Integral Controllers 306 8.16 Proportional-Plus-Derivative Controllers 308 8.17 Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controller (PID) 311 8.18 Lead and Lag Compensators 313 8.19 Bode Diagram and Frequency-Domain Analysis 313 8.20 Open-Loop vs. Closed-Loop Applications 314 8.21 Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output Systems 314 8.22 State-Space Control Methodology 316 8.23 Digital Control 320 8.24 Nonlinear Control Systems 322 8.25 Electromechanical Systems Dynamics: Robot Actuation and Control 323 8.26 Design Projects 326 8.27 Summary 327 References 327 Problems 327 9 Actuators and Drive Systems 331 9.1 Introduction 331 9.2 Characteristics of Actuating Systems 331 9.2.1 Nominal Characteristics – Weight, Power-to-Weight Ratio, Operating Pressure, Voltage, and Others 331 9.2.2 Stiffness vs. Compliance 332 9.2.3 Use of Reduction Gears 332 9.3 Comparison of Actuating Systems 335 9.4 Hydraulic Actuators 335 9.5 Pneumatic Devices 337 9.6 Electric Motors 338 9.6.1 Fundamental Differences Between AC- and DC-Type Motors 339 9.6.2 DC Motors 341 9.6.3 AC Motors 344 9.6.4 Brushless DC Motors 345 9.6.5 Direct-Drive Electric Motors 346 9.6.6 Servomotors 346 9.6.7 Stepper Motors 347 9.7 Microprocessor Control of Electric Motors 360 9.7.1 Pulse Width Modulation 361 9.7.2 Direction Control of DC Motors with an H-Bridge 363 9.8 Magnetostrictive Actuators 364 9.9 Shape-Memory Type Metals 364 9.10 Electroactive Polymer Actuators (EAPs) 364 9.11 Speed Reduction 365 9.12 Other Systems 367 9.13 Design Projects 367 9.14 Summary 370 References 371 Problems 372 10 Sensors 375 10.1 Introduction 375 10.2 Sensor Characteristics 375 10.3 Sensor Utilization 377 10.4 Position Sensors 378 10.4.1 Potentiometers 378 10.4.2 Encoders 379 10.4.3 Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) 382 10.4.4 Resolvers 383 10.4.5 (Linear) Magnetostrictive Displacement Transducer (LMDT or MDT) 383 10.4.6 Hall-effect Sensors 384 10.4.7 Global Positioning System (GPS) 384 10.4.8 Other Devices 385 10.5 Velocity Sensors 385 10.5.1 Encoders 385 10.5.2 Tachometers 385 10.5.3 Differentiation of Position Signal 386 10.6 Acceleration Sensors 386 10.7 Force and Pressure Sensors 386 10.7.1 Piezoelectric 386 10.7.2 Force-Sensing Resistor 386 10.7.3 Strain Gauge 387 10.7.4 Antistatic Foam 388 10.8 Torque Sensors 388 10.9 Microswitches 389 10.10 Visible Light and Infrared Sensors 389 10.11 Touch and Tactile Sensors 390 10.12 Proximity Sensors 391 10.12.1 Magnetic Proximity Sensors 391 10.12.2 Optical Proximity Sensors 391 10.12.3 Ultrasonic Proximity Sensors 392 10.12.4 Inductive Proximity Sensors 392 10.12.5 Capacitive Proximity Sensors 393 10.12.6 Eddy Current Proximity Sensors 393 10.13 Range Finders 393 10.13.1 Ultrasonic Range Finders 394 10.13.2 Light-Based Range Finders 395 10.14 Sniff Sensors 396 10.15 Vision Systems 396 10.16 Voice-Recognition Devices 396 10.17 Voice Synthesizers 397 10.18 Remote Center Compliance (RCC) Device 397 10.19 Design Project 400 10.20 Summary 400 References 401 11 Image Processing and Analysis with Vision Systems 403 11.1 Introduction 403 11.2 Basic Concepts 403 11.2.1 Image Processing vs. Image Analysis 403 11.2.2 Two- and Three-Dimensional Image Types 403 11.2.3 The Nature of an Image 404 11.2.4 Acquisition of Images 405 11.2.5 Digital Images 405 11.2.6 Frequency Domain vs. Spatial Domain 406 11.3 Fourier Transform and Frequency Content of a Signal 406 11.4 Frequency Content of an Image: Noise and Edges 409 11.5 Resolution and Quantization 410 11.6 Sampling Theorem 412 11.7 Image-Processing Techniques 415 11.8 Histograms of Images 415 11.9 Thresholding 418 11.10 Spatial Domain Operations Convolution Mask 419 11.11 Connectivity 424 11.12 Noise Reduction 426 11.12.1 Neighborhood Averaging with Convolution Masks 427 11.12.2 Image Averaging 428 11.12.3 Frequency Domain 429 11.12.4 Median Filters 429 11.13 Edge Detection 430 11.14 Sharpening an Image 436 11.15 Hough Transform 437 11.16 Segmentation 440 11.17 Segmentation by Region Growing and Region Splitting 441 11.18 Binary Morphology Operations 444 11.18.1 Thickening Operation 446 11.18.2 Dilation 446 11.18.3 Erosion 447 11.18.4 Skeletonization 447 11.18.5 Open Operation 448 11.18.6 Close Operation 448 11.18.7 Fill Operation 448 11.19 Gray Morphology Operations 449 11.19.1 Erosion 449 11.19.2 Dilation 449 11.20 Image Analysis 449 11.21 Object Recognition by Features 450 11.21.1 Basic Features Used for Object Identification 450 11.21.2 Moments 451 11.21.3 Template Matching 456 11.21.4 Discrete Fourier Descriptors 456 11.21.5 Computed Tomography (CT) 457 11.22 Depth Measurement with Vision Systems 457 11.22.1 Scene Analysis vs. Mapping 457 11.22.2 Range Detection and Depth Analysis 458 11.22.3 Stereo Imaging 458 11.22.4 Scene Analysis with Shading and Sizes 459 11.23 Specialized Lighting 459 11.24 Image Data Compression 460 11.24.1 Intraframe Spatial Domain Techniques 460 11.24.2 Interframe Coding 461 11.24.3 Compression Techniques 461 11.25 Color Images 462 11.26 Heuristics 462 11.27 Applications of Vision Systems 462 11.28 Design Project 463 11.29 Summary 464 References 464 Problems 465 12 Fuzzy Logic Control 475 12.1 Introduction 475 12.2 Fuzzy Control: What Is Needed 476 12.3 Crisp Values vs. Fuzzy Values 476 12.4 Fuzzy Sets: Degrees of Truth and Membership 477 12.5 Fuzzification 477 12.6 Fuzzy Inference Rules 480 12.7 Defuzzification 481 12.7.1 Center of Gravity Method 481 12.7.2 Mamdani Inference Method 481 12.8 Simulation of a Fuzzy Logic Controller 485 12.9 Applications of Fuzzy Logic in Robotics 487 12.10 Design Project 488 12.11 Summary 489 References 489 Problems 490 Appendix A 491 Appendix B 499 Index 501

Read more less

Book SynopsisCyberPhysicalHuman Systems A comprehensive edited volume exploring the latest in the interactions between cyberphysical systems and humans In CyberPhysicalHuman Systems: Fundamentals and Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a robust and up-to-date volume of contributions from leading researchers on CyberPhysicalHuman Systems, an emerging class of systems with increased interactions between cyberphysical, and human systems communicating with each other at various levels across space and time, so as to achieve desired performance related to human welfare, efficiency, and sustainability. The editors have focused on papers that address the power of emerging CPHS disciplines, all of which feature humans as an active component during cyber and physical interactions. Articles that span fundamental concepts and methods to various applications in engineering sectors of transportation, robotics, and healthcare and general socio-technical systemTable of ContentsA Note from the Series Editor xvii About the Editors xviii List of Contributors xix Introduction xxvii Part I Fundamental Concepts and Methods 1 1 Human-in-the-Loop Control and Cyber–Physical–Human Systems: Applications and Categorization 3 Tariq Samad 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Cyber + Physical + Human 4 1.2.1 Cyberphysical Systems 5 1.2.2 Physical–Human Systems 6 1.2.3 Cyber–Human Systems 6 1.3 Categorizing Human-in-the-Loop Control Systems 6 1.3.1 Human-in-the-Plant 8 1.3.2 Human-in-the-Controller 8 1.3.3 Human–Machine Control Symbiosis 10 1.3.4 Humans-in-Multiagent-Loops 11 1.4 A Roadmap for Human-in-the-Loop Control 13 1.4.1 Self- and Human-Driven Cars on Urban Roads 13 1.4.2 Climate Change Mitigation and Smart Grids 14 1.5 Discussion 15 1.5.1 Other Ways of Classifying Human-in-the-Loop Control 15 1.5.2 Modeling Human Understanding and Decision-Making 16 1.5.3 Ethics and CPHS 18 1.6 Conclusions 19 Acknowledgments 19 References 20 2 Human Behavioral Models Using Utility Theory and Prospect Theory 25 Anuradha M. Annaswamy and Vineet Jagadeesan Nair 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Utility Theory 26 2.2.1 An Example 27 2.3 Prospect Theory 27 2.3.1 An Example: CPT Modeling for SRS 30 2.3.1.1 Detection of CPT Effects via Lotteries 32 2.3.2 Theoretical Implications of CPT 33 2.3.2.1 Implication I: Fourfold Pattern of Risk Attitudes 34 2.3.2.2 Implication II: Strong Risk Aversion Over Mixed Prospects 36 2.3.2.3 Implication III: Effects of Self-Reference 37 2.4 Summary and Conclusions 38 Acknowledgments 39 References 39 3 Social Diffusion Dynamics in Cyber–Physical–Human Systems 43 Lorenzo Zino and Ming Cao 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 General Formalism for Social Diffusion in CPHS 45 3.2.1 Complex and Multiplex Networks 45 3.2.2 General Framework for Social Diffusion 46 3.2.3 Main Theoretical Approaches 48 3.3 Modeling Decision-Making 49 3.3.1 Pairwise Interaction Models 49 3.3.2 Linear Threshold Models 52 3.3.3 Game-Theoretic Models 53 3.4 Dynamics in CPHS 55 3.4.1 Social Diffusion in Multiplex Networks 56 3.4.2 Co-Evolutionary Social Dynamics 58 3.5 Ongoing Efforts Toward Controlling Social Diffusion and Future Challenges 62 Acknowledgments 63 References 63 4 Opportunities and Threats of Interactions Between Humans and Cyber–Physical Systems – Integration and Inclusion Approaches for Cphs 71 Frédéric Vanderhaegen and Victor Díaz Benito Jiménez 4.1 CPHS and Shared Control 72 4.2 “Tailor-made” Principles for Human–CPS Integration 73 4.3 “All-in-one” based Principles for Human–CPS Inclusion 74 4.4 Dissonances, Opportunities, and Threats in a CPHS 76 4.5 Examples of Opportunities and Threats 79 4.6 Conclusions 85 References 86 5 Enabling Human-Aware Autonomy Through Cognitive Modeling and Feedback Control 91 Neera Jain, Tahira Reid, Kumar Akash, Madeleine Yuh, and Jacob Hunter 5.1 Introduction 91 5.1.1 Important Cognitive Factors in HAI 92 5.1.2 Challenges with Existing CPHS Methods 93 5.1.3 How to Read This Chapter 95 5.2 Cognitive Modeling 95 5.2.1 Modeling Considerations 95 5.2.2 Cognitive Architectures 97 5.2.3 Computational Cognitive Models 98 5.2.3.1 ARMAV and Deterministic Linear Models 99 5.2.3.2 Dynamic Bayesian Models 99 5.2.3.3 Decision Analytical Models 100 5.2.3.4 POMDP Models 102 5.3 Study Design and Data Collection 103 5.3.1 Frame Research Questions and Identify Variables 104 5.3.2 Formulate Hypotheses or Determine the Data Needed 105 5.3.2.1 Hypothesis Testing Approach 105 5.3.2.2 Model Training Approach 105 5.3.3 Design Experiment and/or Study Scenario 107 5.3.3.1 Hypothesis Testing Approach 107 5.3.3.2 Model Training Approach 107 5.3.4 Conduct Pilot Studies and Get Initial Feedback; Do Preliminary Analysis 108 5.3.5 A Note about Institutional Review Boards and Recruiting Participants 109 5.4 Cognitive Feedback Control 109 5.4.1 Considerations for Feedback Control 110 5.4.2 Approaches 111 5.4.2.1 Heuristics-Based Planning 111 5.4.2.2 Measurement-Based Feedback 112 5.4.2.3 Goal-Oriented Feedback 112 5.4.2.4 Case Study 112 5.4.3 Evaluation Methods 113 5.5 Summary and Opportunities for Further Investigation 113 5.5.1 Model Generalizability and Adaptability 114 5.5.2 Measurement of Cognitive States 114 5.5.3 Human Subject Study Design 114 References 115 6 Shared Control with Human Trust and Workload Models 125 Murat Cubuktepe, Nils Jansen, and Ufuk Topcu 6.1 Introduction 125 6.1.1 Review of Shared Control Methods 126 6.1.2 Contribution and Approach 127 6.1.3 Review of IRL Methods Under Partial Information 128 6.1.3.1 Organization 129 6.2 Preliminaries 129 6.2.1 Markov Decision Processes 129 6.2.2 Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes 130 6.2.3 Specifications 130 6.3 Conceptual Description of Shared Control 131 6.4 Synthesis of the Autonomy Protocol 132 6.4.1 Strategy Blending 132 6.4.2 Solution to the Shared Control Synthesis Problem 133 6.4.2.1 Nonlinear Programming Formulation for POMDPs 133 6.4.2.2 Strategy Repair Using Sequential Convex Programming 134 6.4.3 Sequential Convex Programming Formulation 135 6.4.4 Linearizing Nonconvex Problem 135 6.4.4.1 Linearizing Nonconvex Constraints and Adding Slack Variables 135 6.4.4.2 Trust Region Constraints 136 6.4.4.3 Complete Algorithm 136 6.4.4.4 Additional Specifications 136 6.4.4.5 Additional Measures 137 6.5 Numerical Examples 137 6.5.1 Modeling Robot Dynamics as POMDPs 138 6.5.2 Generating Human Demonstrations 138 6.5.3 Learning a Human Strategy 139 6.5.4 Task Specification 139 6.5.5 Results 140 6.6 Conclusion 140 Acknowledgments 140 References 140 7 Parallel Intelligence for CPHS: An ACP Approach 145 Xiao Wang, Jing Yang, Xiaoshuang Li, and Fei-Yue Wang 7.1 Background and Motivation 145 7.2 Early Development in China 147 7.3 Key Elements and Framework 149 7.4 Operation and Process 151 7.4.1 Construction of Artificial Systems 152 7.4.2 Computational Experiments in Parallel Intelligent Systems 152 7.4.3 Closed-Loop Optimization Based on Parallel Execution 153 7.5 Applications 153 7.5.1 Parallel Control and Intelligent Control 154 7.5.2 Parallel Robotics and Parallel Manufacturing 156 7.5.3 Parallel Management and Intelligent Organizations 157 7.5.4 Parallel Medicine and Smart Healthcare 158 7.5.5 Parallel Ecology and Parallel Societies 160 7.5.6 Parallel Economic Systems and Social Computing 161 7.5.7 Parallel Military Systems 163 7.5.8 Parallel Cognition and Parallel Philosophy 164 7.6 Conclusion and Prospect 165 References 165 Part II Transportation 171 8 Regularities of Human Operator Behavior and Its Modeling 173 Aleksandr V. Efremov 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 The Key Variables in Man–Machine Systems 174 8.3 Human Responses 177 8.4 Regularities of Man–Machine System in Manual Control 180 8.4.1 Man–Machine System in Single-loop Compensatory System 180 8.4.2 Man–Machine System in Multiloop, Multichannel, and Multimodal Tasks 185 8.4.2.1 Man–Machine System in the Multiloop Tracking Task 185 8.4.2.2 Man–Machine System in the Multichannel Tracking Task 187 8.4.2.3 Man–Machine System in Multimodal Tracking Tasks 188 8.4.2.4 Human Operator Behavior in Pursuit and Preview Tracking Tasks 191 8.5 Mathematical Modeling of Human Operator Behavior in Manual Control Task 194 8.5.1 McRuer’s Model for the Pilot Describing Function 194 8.5.1.1 Single-Loop Compensatory Model 194 8.5.1.2 Multiloop and Multimodal Compensatory Model 197 8.5.2 Structural Human Operator Model 197 8.5.3 Pilot Optimal Control Model 199 8.5.4 Pilot Models in Preview and Pursuit Tracking Tasks 201 8.6 Applications of the Man–Machine System Approach 202 8.6.1 Development of Criteria for Flying Qualities and PIO Prediction 203 8.6.1.1 Criteria of FQ and PIO Prediction as a Requirement for the Parameters of the Pilot-Aircraft System 203 8.6.1.2 Calculated Piloting Rating of FQ as the Criteria 205 8.6.2 Interfaces Design 206 8.6.3 Optimization of Control System and Vehicle Dynamics Parameters 210 8.7 Future Research Challenges and Visions 213 8.8 Conclusion 214 References 215 9 Safe Shared Control Between Pilots and Autopilots in the Face of Anomalies 219 Emre Eraslan, Yildiray Yildiz, and Anuradha M. Annaswamy 9.1 Introduction 219 9.2 Shared Control Architectures: A Taxonomy 221 9.3 Recent Research Results 222 9.3.1 Autopilot 224 9.3.1.1 Dynamic Model of the Aircraft 224 9.3.1.2 Advanced Autopilot Based on Adaptive Control 225 9.3.1.3 Autopilot Based on Proportional Derivative Control 228 9.3.2 Human Pilot 228 9.3.2.1 Pilot Models in the Absence of Anomaly 228 9.3.2.2 Pilot Models in the Presence of Anomaly 229 9.3.3 Shared Control 230 9.3.3.1 SCA1: A Pilot with a CfM-Based Perception and a Fixed-Gain Autopilot 231 9.3.3.2 SCA2: A Pilot with a CfM-Based Decision-Making and an Advanced Adaptive Autopilot 232 9.3.4 Validation with Human-in-the-Loop Simulations 232 9.3.5 Validation of Shared Control Architecture 1 234 9.3.5.1 Experimental Setup 234 9.3.5.2 Anomaly 235 9.3.5.3 Experimental Procedure 235 9.3.5.4 Details of the Human Subjects 236 9.3.5.5 Pilot-Model Parameters 237 9.3.5.6 Results and Observations 237 9.3.6 Validation of Shared Control Architecture 2 240 9.3.6.1 Experimental Setup 241 9.3.6.2 Anomaly 241 9.3.6.3 Experimental Procedure 242 9.3.6.4 Details of the Human Subjects 243 9.3.6.5 Results and Observations 244 9.4 Summary and Future Work 246 References 247 10 Safe Teleoperation of Connected and Automated Vehicles 251 Frank J. Jiang, Jonas Mårtensson, and Karl H. Johansson 10.1 Introduction 251 10.2 Safe Teleoperation 254 10.2.1 The Advent of 5G 258 10.3 CPHS Design Challenges in Safe Teleoperation 259 10.4 Recent Research Advances 261 10.4.1 Enhancing Operator Perception 261 10.4.2 Safe Shared Autonomy 264 10.5 Future Research Challenges 267 10.5.1 Full Utilization of V2X Networks 267 10.5.2 Mixed Autonomy Traffic Modeling 268 10.5.3 5G Experimentation 268 10.6 Conclusions 269 References 270 11 Charging Behavior of Electric Vehicles 273 Qing-Shan Jia and Teng Long 11.1 History, Challenges, and Opportunities 274 11.1.1 The History and Status Quo of EVs 274 11.1.2 The Current Challenge 276 11.1.3 The Opportunities 277 11.2 Data Sets and Problem Modeling 278 11.2.1 Data Sets of EV Charging Behavior 278 11.2.1.1 Trend Data Sets 279 11.2.1.2 Driving Data Sets 279 11.2.1.3 Battery Data Sets 279 11.2.1.4 Charging Data Sets 279 11.2.2 Problem Modeling 281 11.3 Control and Optimization Methods 284 11.3.1 The Difficulty of the Control and Optimization 284 11.3.2 Charging Location Selection and Routing Optimization 285 11.3.3 Charging Process Control 286 11.3.4 Control and Optimization Framework 287 11.3.4.1 Centralized Optimization 287 11.3.4.2 Decentralized Optimization 288 11.3.4.3 Hierarchical Optimization 288 11.3.5 The Impact of Human Behaviors 289 11.4 Conclusion and Discussion 289 References 290 Part III Robotics 299 12 Trust-Triggered Robot–Human Handovers Using Kinematic Redundancy for Collaborative Assembly in Flexible Manufacturing 301 S. M. Mizanoor Rahman, Behzad Sadrfaridpour, Ian D. Walker, and Yue Wang 12.1 Introduction 301 12.2 The Task Context and the Handover 303 12.3 The Underlying Trust Model 304 12.4 Trust-Based Handover Motion Planning Algorithm 305 12.4.1 The Overall Motion Planning Strategy 305 12.4.2 Manipulator Kinematics and Kinetics Models 305 12.4.3 Dynamic Impact Ellipsoid 306 12.4.4 The Novel Motion Control Approach 307 12.4.5 Illustration of the Novel Algorithm 308 12.5 Development of the Experimental Settings 310 12.5.1 Experimental Setup 310 12.5.1.1 Type I: Center Console Assembly 310 12.5.1.2 Type II: Hose Assembly 311 12.5.2 Real-Time Measurement and Display of Trust 311 12.5.2.1 Type I: Center Console Assembly 311 12.5.2.2 Type II: Hose Assembly 313 12.5.2.3 Trust Computation 313 12.5.3 Plans to Execute the Trust-Triggered Handover Strategy 314 12.5.3.1 Type I Assembly 314 12.5.3.2 Type II Assembly 314 12.6 Evaluation of the Motion Planning Algorithm 315 12.6.1 Objective 315 12.6.2 Experiment Design 315 12.6.3 Evaluation Scheme 315 12.6.4 Subjects 316 12.6.5 Experimental Procedures 316 12.6.5.1 Type I Assembly 317 12.6.5.2 Type II Assembly 317 12.7 Results and Analyses, Type I Assembly 318 12.8 Results and Analyses, Type II Assembly 322 12.9 Conclusions and Future Work 323 Acknowledgment 324 References 324 13 Fusing Electrical Stimulation and Wearable Robots with Humans to Restore and Enhance Mobility 329 Thomas Schauer, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, and Juan C. Moreno 13.1 Introduction 329 13.1.1 Functional Electrical Stimulation 330 13.1.2 Spinal Cord Stimulation 331 13.1.3 Wearable Robotics (WR) 332 13.1.4 Fusing FES/SCS and Wearable Robotics 334 13.2 Control Challenges 335 13.2.1 Feedback Approaches to Promote Volition 336 13.2.2 Principles of Assist-as-Needed 336 13.2.3 Tracking Control Problem Formulation 336 13.2.4 Co-operative Control Strategies 337 13.2.5 EMG- and MMG-Based Assessment of Muscle Activation 344 13.3 Examples 345 13.3.1 A Hybrid Robotic System for Arm Training of Stroke Survivors 345 13.3.2 First Certified Hybrid Robotic Exoskeleton for Gait Rehabilitation Settings 347 13.3.3 Body Weight-Supported Robotic Gait Training with tSCS 348 13.3.4 Modular FES and Wearable Robots to Customize Hybrid Solutions 348 13.4 Transfer into Daily Practice: Integrating Ethical, Legal, and Societal Aspects into the Design 350 13.5 Summary and Outlook 352 Acknowledgments 353 Acronyms 353 References 354 14 Contemporary Issues and Advances in Human–Robot Collaborations 365 Takeshi Hatanaka, Junya Yamauchi, Masayuki Fujita, and Hiroyuki Handa 14.1 Overview of Human–Robot Collaborations 365 14.1.1 Task Architecture 366 14.1.2 Human–Robot Team Formation 368 14.1.3 Human Modeling: Control and Decision 369 14.1.4 Human Modeling: Other Human Factors 371 14.1.5 Industrial Perspective 372 14.1.6 What Is in This Chapter 375 14.2 Passivity-Based Human-Enabled Multirobot Navigation 376 14.2.1 Architecture Design 377 14.2.2 Human Passivity Analysis 379 14.2.3 Human Workload Analysis 381 14.3 Operation Support with Variable Autonomy via Gaussian Process 383 14.3.1 Design of the Operation Support System with Variable Autonomy 385 14.3.2 User Study 388 14.3.2.1 Operational Verification 388 14.3.2.2 Usability Test 390 14.4 Summary 391 Acknowledgments 393 References 393 Part IV Healthcare 401 15 Overview and Perspectives on the Assessment and Mitigation of Cognitive Fatigue in Operational Settings 403 Mike Salomone, Michel Audiffren, and Bruno Berberian 15.1 Introduction 403 15.2 Cognitive Fatigue 404 15.2.1 Definition 404 15.2.2 Origin of Cognitive Fatigue 404 15.2.3 Effects on Adaptive Capacities 406 15.3 Cyber–Physical System and Cognitive Fatigue: More Automation Does Not Imply Less Cognitive Fatigue 406 15.4 Assessing Cognitive Fatigue 409 15.4.1 Subjective Measures 409 15.4.2 Behavioral Measures 410 15.4.3 Physiological Measurements 410 15.5 Limitations and Benefits of These Measures 412 15.6 Current and Future Solutions and Countermeasures 412 15.6.1 Physiological Computing: Toward Real-Time Detection and Adaptation 412 15.7 System Design and Explainability 414 15.8 Future Challenges 415 15.8.1 Generalizing the Results Observed in the Laboratory to Ecological Situations 415 15.8.2 Determining the Specificity of Cognitive Fatigue 415 15.8.3 Recovering from Cognitive Fatigue 417 15.9 Conclusion 418 References 419 16 Epidemics Spread Over Networks: Influence of Infrastructure and Opinions 429 Baike She, Sebin Gracy, Shreyas Sundaram, Henrik Sandberg, Karl H. Johansson, andPhilipE.Paré 16.1 Introduction 429 16.1.1 Infectious Diseases 429 16.1.2 Modeling Epidemic Spreading Processes 430 16.1.3 Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible (SIS) Compartmental Models 431 16.2 Epidemics on Networks 432 16.2.1 Motivation 432 16.2.2 Modeling Epidemics over Networks 433 16.2.3 Networked Susceptible–Infected–Susceptible Epidemic Models 434 16.3 Epidemics and Cyber–Physical–Human Systems 436 16.3.1 Epidemic and Opinion Spreading Processes 437 16.3.2 Epidemic and Infrastructure 438 16.4 Recent Research Advances 439 16.4.1 Notation 439 16.4.2 Epidemic and Opinion Spreading Processes 440 16.4.2.1 Opinions Over Networks with Both Cooperative and Antagonistic Interactions 440 16.4.2.2 Coupled Epidemic and Opinion Dynamics 441 16.4.2.3 Opinion-Dependent Reproduction Number 443 16.4.2.4 Simulations 444 16.4.3 Epidemic Spreading with Shared Resources 445 16.4.3.1 The Multi-Virus SIWS Model 445 16.4.3.2 Problem Statements 447 16.4.3.3 Analysis of the Eradicated State of a Virus 448 16.4.3.4 Persistence of a Virus 449 16.4.3.5 Simulations 449 16.5 Future Research Challenges and Visions 450 References 451 17 Digital Twins and Automation of Care in the Intensive Care Unit 457 J. Geoffrey Chase, Cong Zhou, Jennifer L. Knopp, Knut Moeller, Balázs Benyo, Thomas Desaive, Jennifer H. K. Wong, Sanna Malinen, Katharina Naswall, Geoffrey M. Shaw, Bernard Lambermont, and Yeong S. Chiew 17.1 Introduction 457 17.1.1 Economic Context 458 17.1.2 Healthcare Context 459 17.1.3 Technology Context 460 17.1.4 Overall Problem and Need 460 17.2 Digital Twins and CPHS 461 17.2.1 Digital Twin/Virtual Patient Definition 461 17.2.2 Requirements in an ICU Context 463 17.2.3 Digital Twin Models in Key Areas of ICU Care and Relative to Requirements 464 17.2.4 Review of Digital Twins in Automation of ICU Care 466 17.2.5 Summary 467 17.3 Role of Social-Behavioral Sciences 467 17.3.1 Introduction 467 17.3.2 Barriers to Innovation Adoption 467 17.3.3 Ergonomics and Codesign 468 17.3.4 Summary (Key Takeaways) 469 17.4 Future Research Challenges and Visions 470 17.4.1 Technology Vision of the Future of CPHS in ICU Care 470 17.4.2 Social-Behavioral Sciences Vision of the Future of CPHS in ICU Care 471 17.4.3 Joint Vision of the Future and Challenges to Overcome 473 17.5 Conclusions 473 References 474 Part V Sociotechnical Systems 491 18 Online Attention Dynamics in Social Media 493 Maria Castaldo, Paolo Frasca, and Tommaso Venturini 18.1 Introduction to Attention Economy and Attention Dynamics 493 18.2 Online Attention Dynamics 494 18.2.1 Collective Attention Is Limited 494 18.2.2 Skewed Attention Distribution 495 18.2.3 The Role of Novelty 496 18.2.4 The Role of Popularity 496 18.2.5 Individual Activity Is Bursty 499 18.2.6 Recommendation Systems Are the Main Gateways for Information 500 18.2.7 Change Is the Only Constant 500 18.3 The New Challenge: Understanding Recommendation Systems Effect in Attention Dynamics 501 18.3.1 Model Description 502 18.3.2 Results and Discussion 503 18.4 Conclusion 505 Acknowledgments 505 References 505 19 Cyber–Physical–Social Systems for Smart City 511 Gang Xiong, Noreen Anwar, Peijun Ye, Xiaoyu Chen, Hongxia Zhao, Yisheng Lv, Fenghua Zhu, Hongxin Zhang, Xu Zhou, and Ryan W. Liu 19.1 Introduction 511 19.2 Social Community and Smart Cities 513 19.2.1 Smart Infrastructure 513 19.2.2 Smart Energy 515 19.2.3 Smart Transportation 515 19.2.4 Smart Healthcare 517 19.3 CPSS Concepts, Tools, and Techniques 518 19.3.1 CPSS Concepts 518 19.3.2 CPSS Tools 519 19.3.3 CPSS Techniques 520 19.3.3.1 IoT in Smart Cities 520 19.3.3.2 Big Data in Smart Cities 525 19.4 Recent Research Advances 528 19.4.1 Recent Research Advances of CASIA 528 19.4.2 Recent Research in European Union 531 19.4.3 Future Research Challenges and Visions 533 19.5 Conclusions 537 Acknowledgments 538 References 538 Part VI Concluding Remarks 543 20 Conclusion and Perspectives 545 Anuradha M. Annaswamy, Pramod P. Khargonekar, Françoise Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, and Sarah K. Spurgeon 20.1 Benefits to Humankind: Synthesis of the Chapters and their Open Directions 545 20.2 Selected Areas for Current and Future Development in CPHS 547 20.2.1 Driver Modeling for the Design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems 547 20.2.2 Cognitive Cyber–Physical Systems and CPHS 547 20.2.3 Emotion–Cognition Interactions 548 20.3 Ethical and Social Concerns: Few Directions 549 20.3.1 Frameworks for Ethics 550 20.3.2 Technical Approaches 550 20.4 Afterword 551 References 551 Index 555

Read more less

Book Synopsis'The best up-to-date, go-to book on the social and economic implications of artificial intelligence - Tyler Cowen'Rule of the Robots explores the future implications of artificial intelligence as a uniquely scalable and potentially disruptive technology.In this sequel to his prescient New York Times bestseller Rise of the Robots, Martin Ford presents us with a striking vision of the very near future. He argues that AI is a uniquely powerful technology, a kind of "electricity of intelligence" that is altering every dimension of human life, often for the better with advanced science being done by machines who can solve problems humans can not. AI has the potential to help us fight climate change or the next pandemic, but it also has a capacity for profound harm. Deep fakes-AI-generated audio or video of events that never happened-are poised to cause havoc throughout society. AI empowers authoritarian regimes like China with unprecedented mechanisms for social control. And AI can be deeply biased, learning bigoted attitudes from the data used to train algorithms and perpetuating them. Hard-hitting and thought-provoking, covering everything from self-driving cars to the history of deep learning to apps for diagnosing skin cancer, Rule of the Robots challenges our fears and preconceptions about artificial intelligence. Ford argues that AI is here to stay and the real question is not how to stop it, but how to control its negative potential and harness its power for good as AI transforms our economy, our politics, and our lives.Trade ReviewProbably the most compelling single-volume book so far on AI's advance and the opportunities and challenges associated with its multi-faceted impact on the world. Those in AI and those outside it will get a lot out of his clear-eyed and critical perspective. I highly recommend it -- James Manyika, Chairman and Director of the McKinsey Global InstituteThere is no technology more important today than AI. Martin Ford continues his tradition of clear insights and observations about this important topic in a well-researched page-turner. A delightful book! -- Erik Brynjolfsson, Director of the Stanford Digital Economy Lab and co-author of The Second Machine AgeThe best up-to-date, go-to book on the social and economic implications of artificial intelligence -- Tyler Cowen, Professor of Economics at George Mason UniversityAn incisive, balanced, and well-informed discussion of where AI stands today, how it may evolve, and the risks it poses to human society -- Stuart Russell, Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley and co-author of Artificial Intelligence: A Modern ApproachWriting about the future of robotics is a dangerous endeavor, since it illuminates every aspect of our lives with a startling, uncharted perspective. Ford navigates this challenge admirably, with an exceptional blend of depth, rigor and clarity -- Judea Pearl, winner of the A.M. Turing Award and co-author of The Book of WhyRule of the Robots is subtle and clever, a book that will challenge readers to reassess their position on AI -- Engineering And TechnologyAccording to software developer Martin Ford, artificial intelligence (AI) will probably transform society faster than electricity did, but with unpredictable effects. His well-informed study notes a 2016 forecast that within five years, radiologists would be overtaken by advances in AI. But that hasn't happened: AI cannot currently integrate key information from sources such as clinical notes. AI's future, Ford concludes, lies somewhere between the science-fictional extremes of utopian Star Trek and dystopian The Matrix -- NatureA good read and . . . a balanced perspective on both the benefits and costs of increasingly widespread use of AI -- Diane Coyle, Enlightenment Economics

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this sequel to his prescient New York Times bestseller Rise of the Robots, Martin Ford presents us with a striking vision of the very near future. He argues that AI is a uniquely powerful technology, a kind of "electricity of intelligence" that is altering every dimension of human life, often for the better with advanced science being done by machines who can solve problems humans can not. AI has the potential to help us fight climate change or the next pandemic, but it also has a capacity for profound harm. Deep fakes-AI-generated audio or video of events that never happened-are poised to cause havoc throughout society. AI empowers authoritarian regimes like China with unprecedented mechanisms for social control. And AI can be deeply biased, learning bigoted attitudes from the data used to train algorithms and perpetuating them. Hard-hitting and thought-provoking, covering everything from self-driving cars to the history of deep learning to apps for diagnosing skin cancer, Rule of the Robots challenges our fears and preconceptions about artificial intelligence. Ford argues that AI is here to stay and the real question is not how to stop it, but how to control its negative potential and harness its power for good as AI transforms our economy, our politics, and our lives.Trade ReviewProbably the most compelling single-volume book so far on AI's advance and the opportunities and challenges associated with its multi-faceted impact on the world. Those in AI and those outside it will get a lot out of his clear-eyed and critical perspective. I highly recommend it -- James Manyika, Chairman and Director of the McKinsey Global InstituteThere is no technology more important today than AI. Martin Ford continues his tradition of clear insights and observations about this important topic in a well-researched page-turner. A delightful book! -- Erik Brynjolfsson, Director of the Stanford Digital Economy Lab and co-author of The Second Machine AgeThe best up-to-date, go-to book on the social and economic implications of artificial intelligence -- Tyler Cowen, Professor of Economics at George Mason UniversityAn incisive, balanced, and well-informed discussion of where AI stands today, how it may evolve, and the risks it poses to human society -- Stuart Russell, Professor of Computer Science at the University of California, Berkeley and co-author of Artificial Intelligence: A Modern ApproachWriting about the future of robotics is a dangerous endeavor, since it illuminates every aspect of our lives with a startling, uncharted perspective. Ford navigates this challenge admirably, with an exceptional blend of depth, rigor and clarity -- Judea Pearl, winner of the A.M. Turing Award and co-author of The Book of WhyRule of the Robots is subtle and clever, a book that will challenge readers to reassess their position on AI -- Engineering And TechnologyAccording to software developer Martin Ford, artificial intelligence (AI) will probably transform society faster than electricity did, but with unpredictable effects. His well-informed study notes a 2016 forecast that within five years, radiologists would be overtaken by advances in AI. But that hasn't happened: AI cannot currently integrate key information from sources such as clinical notes. AI's future, Ford concludes, lies somewhere between the science-fictional extremes of utopian Star Trek and dystopian The Matrix -- NatureA good read and . . . a balanced perspective on both the benefits and costs of increasingly widespread use of AI -- Diane Coyle, Enlightenment Economics

Read more less

Book SynopsisLearn robotics through magic, or enhance your magic with robotics! This book is a beginner's guide to creating robotics-infused magic. You'll be introduced to simple DIY electronics and Arduino programming, and you will learn how to use those tools to create a treasure trove of magic bots and effects, with readily-sourced materials and everyday objects. It's magic through the lens of the Maker Movement, with a dedication to accessibility -- cardboard meets Arduino meets magic! All ages, backgrounds, and abilities will find clever, fun projects within these pages that challenge their creativity and explode their imagination.

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHello, Robot. Design between Human and Machine investigates how robotics is increasingly becoming part of our everyday lives. The exhibition shows that design in its traditional function as a mediator is indispensable if robots are to become a visible reality and not just remain hidden in washing machines, cars and cash machines. The catalogue points out where we already encounter these intelligent machines and where we may come across them in the near future: in the industry, in the military and in everyday settings; at nurseries and retirement homes; in our bodies and in the cloud; when shopping and having sex; in video games and, of course, in film and literature. In a series of in-depth essays and interviews, experts such as science-fiction author Bruce Sterling or the design duo Dunne & Raby explore the question of how we deal with an environment that is rapidly becoming more digital, smarter and more autonomous. They highlight our often ambivalent relationship to new technologies and discuss the opportunities and challenges that present themselves to us as individuals and as a society in this context. In this regard, Hello, Robot. broadens the scope of the discussion to include the ethical and political questions with which we are faced today in the light of technological advances in robotics, while confronting us with the contradictions that are often found in the answers to these questions. Authors and interviewees: Bruce Sterling, Fiona Raby, Anthony Dunne, Gesche Joost, Carlo Ratti, Amelie Klein and others.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis second book in the Young Techie Series is designed to keep the reader inquisitive and engaged while introducing them to technology that is omnipresent in today's automated world.

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to Digital Twin 2. Under-Actuated Digital Twin’s Robotic Hands with Tactile Sensing Capabilities for Well-being 3. Digital Twin for Healthcare Immersive Services 4. Challenges of Digital Twin in Healthcare 5. Architecture Reference Models of Digital Twins for Healthcare 6. Artificial Intelligence Models in Digital Twins for Health and Well-being 7. COVIDMe: A Digital Twin for COVID-19 self-assessment and detection 8. Improve Human Living Environment and Human Health by Environmental Digital Twins Technology 9. Role of smart technologies in detecting cognitive impairment and enhancing assisted living 10. Digital Twins and Cybersecurity in Healthcare systems 11. Potential applications of Digital Twin in Medical care 12. Digital Twin in Prognostics and Health Management System 13. Digital Twin for Cardiology 14. Applications of digital twins to migraine disease 15. Digital Twins for Nutrition 16. Digital Twins for Allergies

Read more less

Book SynopsisArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly impacting many aspects of people's lives across the globe, from relatively mundane technology to more advanced digital systems that can make their own decisions. While AI has great potential, it also holds great peril depending on how it is designed and used. AI for Diversity questions how AI technology can lead to inclusion or exclusion for diverse groups in society. The way data is selected, trained, used, and embedded into societies can have unfortunate consequences unless we critically investigate the dangers of systems left unchecked, and can lead to misogynistic, homophobic, racist, ageist, transphobic, or ableist outcomes. This book encourages the reader to take a step back to see how AI is impacting diverse groups of people and how diversity-awareness strategies can impact AI.Trade Review"The book is written in a really approachable way for non-specialists and will engage introductory and interdisciplinary audiences. The sections on gender and queering AI are particularly strong, and the book is a highly worthy and important contribution for those chapters alone." --Ashley Shew, Associate Professor, Virginia TechTable of Contents1.Opening the Black Box of AI. 2. Gendered AI: performativity, expectations, and sexism. 3. Queering AI: gender expression, identity, and binaries. 4. AI and Race: recognition, bias, and systemic issues. 5. Bodies and AI: Health, ageing, and disabilities. 6. AI and Class: socioeconomic issues reproduced by technology. 7. Intersectionality and Responsible AI.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTelepresence: Actual and Virtual explores the history of telepresence from the 1948 developments of masterslave manipulation, through to current telepresence technology used in space, undersea, surgery and telemedicine, operations in nuclear and other hazardous environments, policing and surveillance, agriculture, construction, mining, warehousing, education, amusement, social media, and other contexts. It also describes the various operator hand and body controls and the corresponding telerobotic actuation of robotic hands, arms, and locomotion. This book reviews the sensing and control technology, its history and likely future, and discusses the many research and policy issues that are raised. The book also takes up key questions relating to social and ethical issues, given that a person's mechanical reach is becoming unlimited, enabling one to perform mischievous or harmful acts without identification, and what that portends for future developments in telepresence, includiTable of Contents1. EARLY HISTORY OF ROBOTIC TELEPRESENCE AND VIRTUAL REALITY. 2. ELEMENTS OF THE TECHNOLOGY. 3. WHAT IS TELEPRESENCE? WHAT IS REALITY?. 4. APPLICATIONS. 5. CHALLENGES FOR ROBOTIC TELEPRESENCE AND VIRTUAL REALITY. APPENDIX 1. RESPONSES TO POLLING. APPENDIX 2. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis handbook covers smart manufacturing development, processing, modifications, and applications. It provides a complete understanding of the recent advancements in smart manufacturing through its various enabling manufacturing technologies, and how industries and organizations can find the needed information on how to implement smart manufacturing towards sustainability of manufacturing practices.Handbook of Smart Manufacturing: Forecasting the Future of Industry 4.0 covers all related advances in manufacturing such as the integration of reverse engineering with smart manufacturing, industrial internet of things (IIoT), and artificial intelligence approaches, including Artificial Neural Network, Markov Decision Process, and Heuristics Methodology. It offers smart manufacturing methods like 4D printing, micro-manufacturing, and processing of smart materials to assist the biomedical industries in the fabrication of human prostheses and implants. The handbook goes on to discusTable of Contents1. Smart Manufacturing and Industry 4.0: State-of-the-Art Review. 2. Study And Analysis Of Iot (Industry 4.0): A Review. 3. Recent advances in Cybersecurity in Smart Manufacturing Systems in the Industry. 4. Integration of Circular Supply Chain and Industry 4.0 to Enhance Smart Manufacturing Adoption. 5. Artificial Intelligence with Additive Manufacturing. 6. Robotic additive manufacturing vision towards smart manufacturing and envisage the trend with patent landscape. 7. Smart Materials for Smart Manufacturing. 8. Smart Biomaterials in Industry and Healthcare. 9. Ferroelectric polymer composites and evaluation of their properties. 10. 4D print today and envisaging the trend with patent landscape for versatile applications. 11. Investigating the work generation potential of SMA wire actuator. 12. Troubleshooting on the sample preparation during Fused Deposition Modelling. 13. Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Technologies. 14. Smart Manufacturing Using 4d Printing. 15. Developments in 4D Printing and Associated Smart Materials. 16. Role of smart manufacturing systems in improving electric vehicle production. 17. Safety management with application of Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Industry 4.0 environment.

Read more less

Book SynopsisBy proposing and forming a mobile manipulator for modern multi-floor buildings, A Robotic Framework for the Mobile Manipulator: Theory and Application helps readers visualize an end-to-end workflow for making a robot system work in a targeted environment. From a product-oriented viewpoint, this book is considered as a bridge from theories to real products, in which robotic software modules and the robotic system integration are mainly concerned. In the end, readers will have an overview of how to build and integrate various single robotic modules to execute a list of designed tasks in the real world, as well as how to make a robot system work independently, without human interventions. With references and execution guidelines provided at the end of each chapter, the book will be a useful tool for developers and researchers looking to expand their knowledge about the robotics and the robotic software.

Read more less

Book SynopsisAn Introduction to Universal Artificial Intelligence provides the formal underpinning of what it means for an agent to act intelligently in an unknown environment. First presented in Universal Algorithmic Intelligence (Hutter, 2000), UAI offers a framework in which virtually all AI problems can be formulated, and a theory of how to solve them. UAI unifies ideas from sequential decision theory, Bayesian inference, and algorithmic information theory to construct AIXI, an optimal reinforcement learning agent that learns to act optimally in unknown environments. AIXI is the theoretical gold standard for intelligent behavior.The book covers both the theoretical and practical aspects of UAI. Bayesian updating can be done efficiently with context tree weighting, and planning can be approximated by sampling with Monte Carlo tree search. It provides algorithms for the reader to implement, and experimental results to compare against. These algorithms are used to approxi

Read more less

a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

Read more less