Materials science Books

Book Synopsis* * * Winner of the 2014 Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books * * *Stuff Matters by Mark Miodnownik is a unique and inspiring exploration of human creativity.''Enthralling. A mission to re-acquaint us with the wonders of the fabric that sustains our lives'' GuardianEverything is made of something...From the everyday objects in our homes to the most extraordinary new materials that will shape our future, Stuff Matters reveals the inner workings of the man-made world, the miracles of craft, design, engineering and ingenuity that surround us every day.From the tea-cup to the jet engine, the silicon chip to the paper clip, from the ancient technologies of fabrics and ceramic to today''s self-healing metals and bionic implants, this is a book to inspire amazement and delight at mankind''s creativity.''A certain sort of madness may be necessary to pull off what he has attempted here, whichTrade ReviewEnthralling . . . A mission to re-acquaint us with the wonders of the fabric that sustains our lives * Guardian *A certain sort of madness may be necessary to pull off what he has attempted here, which is a wholesale animation of the inanimate: Miodownik achieves precisely what he sets out to * The Times *Insightful, fascinating. The futuristic materials will elicit gasps. Makes even the most everyday substance seem exciting * Sunday Times *Expert, deftly written, immensely enjoyable * Observer *Wonderful. Miodownik writes well enough to make even concrete sparkle * Financial Times *I stayed up all night reading this book. Miodownik writes with such knowledge, such enthusiasm, such a palpable love for his subject -- Oliver SacksSuperb storytelling . . . fascinating . . . a delightful book on a subject that is relatively rarely written about * Popular Science *This is a hugely enjoyable marriage of science and art * Independent on Sunday, 'Books of the Year' *

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Book SynopsisThis is an advanced textbook on the subject of turbulence, and is suitable for engineers, physical scientists and applied mathematicians. The aim of the book is to bridge the gap between the elementary accounts of turbulence found in undergraduate texts, and the more rigorous monographs on the subject. Throughout, the book combines the maximum of physical insight with the minimum of mathematical detail. Chapters 1 to 5 may be appropriate as background material for an advanced undergraduate or introductory postgraduate course on turbulence, while chapters 6 to 10 may be suitable as background material for an advanced postgraduate course on turbulence, or act as a reference source for professional researchers.This second edition covers a decade of advancement in the field, streamlining the original content while updating the sections where the subject has moved on. The expanded content includes large-scale dynamics, stratified & rotating turbulence, the increased power of direct numerical simulation, two-dimensional turbulence, Magnetohydrodynamics, and turbulence in the core of the EarthTable of ContentsTHE CLASSICAL PICTURE OF TURBULENCE; FREELY-DECAYING, HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; SPECIAL TOPICS

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Book SynopsisTo prepare materials engineers and scientists of the future, Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering is designed to present diverse topics in the field with appropriate breadth and depth. The strength of the book is in its focus on key concepts in science of materials (basic knowledge) followed by application of scientific principles in selection and engineering of materials (applied knowledge). This textbook is suitable for both an introductory course in materials at the sophomore level and a more advanced (junior/senior level) second course in materials science and engineering.This title is available in Connect, featuring SmartBook, Application-Based Activities, Critical Point Questions, and the MHEbook.Table of Contents1 Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering2 Atomic Structure and Bonding3 Crystal and Amorphous Structures in Materials4 Solidification and Crystalline Imperfections5 Thermally Activated Processes and Diffusion in Solids6 Mechanical Properties of Metals I7 Mechanical Properties of Metals II8 Phase Diagrams9 Engineering Alloys10 Polymeric Materials11 Ceramics12 Composite Materials13 Corrosion14 Electrical Properties of Materials15 Optical Properties and Superconductive Materials16 Magnetic Properties17 Biological and Biomaterials

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Book SynopsisFrom extracting clay to exporting your work, this is a practical guide to producing unique ceramic pieces with minimal environmental impact.

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Book SynopsisWhy isn''t wood weaker that it is? Why isn''t steel stronger? Why does glass sometimes shatter and sometimes bend like spring? Why do ships break in half? What is a liquid and is treacle one? All these are questions about the nature of materials. All of them are vital to engineers but also fascinating as scientific problems. During the 250 years up to the 1920s and 1930s they had been answered largely by seeing how materials behaved in practice. But materials continued to do things that they ought not to have done. Only in the last 40 years have these questions begun to be answered by a new approach. Material scientists have started to look more deeply into the make-up of materials. They have found many surprises; above all, perhaps, that how a material behaves depends on how perfectly - or imperfectly - its atoms are arranged. Using both SI and imperial units, Professor Gordon''s account of material science is a demonstration of the sometimes curious and entertaining way

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Book Synopsis''There is no author whose books I look forward to more'' Bill GatesThe New York Times bestselling author returns with a mind-opening exploration of how size defines life on Earth.Explaining the key processes shaping size in nature, society and technology, Smil busts myths around proportions - from bodies to paintings and the so-called golden ratio - tells us what Jonathan Swift got wrong in Gulliver''s Travels - the giant Brobdingnagian''s legs would buckle under their enormous weight - and dives headfirst into the most contentious issue in ergonomics: the size of aeroplane seats.It is no exaggeration to say this fascinating and wide-ranging tour de force will change the way you look at absolutely everything.Vaclav Smil is a phenomenon with an appetite for facts over prejudice and fashion. Essential reading for anyone who cares about the future' Lord Norman FosterTrade ReviewVaclav Smil is a phenomenon with an appetite for facts over prejudice and fashion. Essential reading for anyone who cares about the future -- eminent architect, Lord Norman FosterAn endlessly entertaining career through fascinating territory -- Simon Ings * Daily Telegraph *Both informative and entertaining . . . I suspect that many Physics World readers would be delighted to find this book waiting for them under the Christmas tree. Indeed, it would be perfect reading material for anyone who enjoys a mathematical analysis of the world around them * Physics World *In a world of specialized intellectuals, Smil is an ambitious and astonishing polymath who swings for fences . . . They're among the most data-heavy books you'll find, with a remarkable way of framing basic facts * Wired *There is perhaps no other academic who paints pictures with numbers like Smil * Guardian *

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisR. C. Hibbeler graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana with a BS in Civil Engineering (majoring in Structures) and an MS in Nuclear Engineering. He obtained his PhD in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University. Professor Hibbeler's professional experience includes postdoctoral work in reactor safety and analysis at Argonne National Laboratory, and structural and stress analysis work at Chicago Bridge and Iron, as well as at Sargent and Lundy in Chicago. He has practiced engineering in Ohio, New York, and Louisiana. Professor Hibbeler currently teaches both civil and mechanical engineering courses at the University of LouisianaLafayette. In the past, he has taught at the University of Illinois at Urbana, Youngstown State University, Illinois Institute of Technology, and Union College. Table of Contents Stress 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Equilibrium of a Deformable Body 1.3 Stress 1.4 Average Normal Stress in an Axially Loaded Bar 1.5 Average Shear Stress 1.6 Allowable Stress Design 1.7 Limit State Design Strain 2.1 Deformation 2.2 Strain Mechanical Properties of Materials 3.1 The Tension and Compression Test 3.2 The Stress--Strain Diagram 3.3 Stress--Strain Behavior of Ductile and Brittle Materials 3.4 Strain Energy 3.5 Poisson's Ratio 3.6 The Shear Stress--Strain Diagram *3.7 Failure of Materials Due to Creep and Fatigue Axial Load 4.1 Saint-Venant's Principle 4.2 Elastic Deformation of an Axially Loaded Member 4.3 Principle of Superposition 4.4 Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Members 4.5 The Force Method of Analysis for Axially Loaded Members 4.6 Thermal Stress 4.7 Stress Concentrations *4.8 Inelastic Axial Deformation *4.9 Residual Stress Torsion 5.1 Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft 5.2 The Torsion Formula 5.3 Power Transmission 5.4 Angle of Twist 5.5 Statically Indeterminate Torque-Loaded Members *5.6 Solid Noncircular Shafts *5.7 Thin-Walled Tubes Having Closed Cross Sections 5.8 Stress Concentration *5.9 Inelastic Torsion *5.10 Residual Stress Bending 6.1 Shear and Moment Diagrams 6.2 Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams 6.3 Bending Deformation of a Straight Member 6.4 The Flexure Formula 6.5 Unsymmetric Bending *6.6 Composite Beams *6.7 Reinforced Concrete Beams *6.8 Curved Beams 6.9 Stress Concentrations *6.10 Inelastic Bending Transverse Shear 7.1 Shear in Straight Members 7.2 The Shear Formula 7.3 Shear Flow in Built-Up Members 7.4 Shear Flow in Thin-Walled Members *7.5 Shear Center for Open Thin-Walled Members Combined Loadings 8.1 Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels 8.2 State of Stress Caused by Combined Loadings Stress Transformation 9.1 Plane-Stress Transformation 9.2 General Equations of Plane-Stress Transformation 9.3 Principal Stresses and Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress 9.4 Mohr's Circle-Plane Stress 9.5 Absolute Maximum Shear Stress Strain Transformation 10.1 Plane Strain 10.2 General Equations of Plane-Strain Transformation *10.3 Mohr's Circle-Plane Strain *10.4 Absolute Maximum Shear Strain 10.5 Strain Rosettes 10.6 Material Property Relationships *10.7 Theories of Failure Design of Beams and Shafts 11.1 Basis for Beam Design 11.2 Prismatic Beam Design *11.3 Fully Stressed Beams *11.4 Shaft Design Deflection of Beams and Shafts 12.1 The Elastic Curve 12.2 Slope and Displacement by Integration *12.3 Discontinuity Functions *12.4 Slope and Displacement by the Moment-Area Method 12.5 Method of Superposition 12.6 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts 12.7 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts - Method of Integration *12.8 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts - Moment-Area Method 12.9 Statically Indeterminate Beams and Shafts - Method of Superposition Buckling of Columns 13.1 Critical Load 13.2 Ideal Column with Pin Supports 13.3 Columns Having Various Types of Supports *13.4 The Secant Formula *13.5 Inelastic Buckling *13.6 Design of Columns for Concentric Loading *13.7 Design of Columns for Eccentric Loading Energy Methods 14.1 External Work and Strain Energy 14.2 Elastic Strain Energy for Various Types of Loading 14.3 Impact Loading *14.4 Principle of Virtual Work *14.5 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Trusses *14.6 Method of Virtual Forces Applied to Beams *14.7 Castigliano's Theorem *14.8 Castigliano's Theorem Applied to Trusses *14.9 Castigliano's Theorem Applied to Beams APPENDICES Geometric Properties of an Area Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes Slopes and Deflections of Beams Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers Selected Answers Index Sections of the book that contain more advanced material are indicated by a star (*).

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Book SynopsisBY THE AUTHOR OF THE BESTSELLING, PRIZE-WINNING STUFF MATTERS Sometimes explosive, often delightful, occasionally poisonous, but always fascinating: the secret lives of liquids, from one of our best-known scientists________________A series of glasses of transparent liquids is in front of you: but which will quench your thirst and which will kill you? And why? Why does one liquid make us drunk, and another power a jumbo jet? From the bestselling author of Stuff Matters comes a fascinating tour of these surprising or sinister substances - the droplets, heartbeats and ocean waves we all encounter every day. Structured around a plane journey, encountering water, wine, oil and more, Miodownik shows that liquids are agents of death and destruction as well as substances of wonder and fascination. His unique brand of scientific storytelling brings them and their mysterious properties alive in a captivating new wayTrade ReviewMiodownik packs this delightful book with so much 'well, I never knew that' information. Not only does he know his stuff but, just as importantly, he knows how to tell a good story. A truly delightful read -- Jim Al-Khalili, author of ParadoxIt's a little known fact that liquids are the coolest state of matter. And if anyone can spread that message all around him, it's Mark Miodownik. From ink to saliva, coffee to soap, this is an exhilarating, eye-opening ride. -- Philip Ball, science writer and author of H2O: A Biography of WaterA brilliantly navigated journey through the scientific marvels of the fluid world, from coffee to kerosene, from tea to tar, from honey to hydrophobia, from peanut butter to perfluorocarbons. A thrilling read, from start to finish -- Tim Radford, author of The Consolations of Physics: Why the Wonders of the Universe Can Make You HappyMiodownik is a materials scientist, but really he is an alchemist; he transforms knowledge of everyday stuff into literary gold. His book on liquids oozes brilliance on every page -- Alex Bellos, author of Alex Through the Looking GlassThis book delivers exactly what it promises . . . It's a treat. I lost count of the number of "but why?" questions it answers . . . This is a winning and hugely readable book -- James McConnachie * The Sunday Times *Once again, Miodownik has written a book much like the substances it describes: exciting, anarchic and surprising. Like the sea, it covers a lot of ground. And like a perfectly made cup of tea, it is warm, comforting and very refreshing -- Katy Guest * The Guardian *Miodownik yet again makes the seemingly mundane awe-inspiring. I'll never look at a ballpoint pen the same way again -- Kelly and Zach Weinersmith, New York Times-bestselling authors of SoonishMark Miodownik flies high again in Liquid. It's a treat to see the world through his eyes as he flows from topic to topic, and under his gaze even the most mundane things-ballpoint pens, ketchup bottles, a cup of tea-sizzle with significance -- Sam Kean, New York Times-bestselling author of The Disappearing Spoon and Caesar’s Last BreathMiodownik's appeal comes not only from his ability to explain the complexities of science and engineering but also from his acute social observations . . . original and entertaining -- Clive Cookson * Financial Times *Miodownik uses a routine transatlantic flight from London to San Francisco - and the liquids that he encounters on the way - as a vehicle for a sparkling exposition of materials in science and engineering. His lively analysis takes in kerosene fuel, wines from the drinks trolley, glues holding the aircraft together, the entertainment system's liquid crystal display, clouds outside the cabin, and much more besides.) * FT Books of the Year 2018 *Enthralling . . . A mission to re-acquaint us with the wonders of the fabric that sustains our lives * Guardian on Stuff Matters *Insightful, fascinating. The futuristic materials will elicit gasps. Makes even the most everyday substance seem exciting * Sunday Times on Stuff Matters *

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Book SynopsisA BBC RADIO 4 BOOK OF THE WEEK An original and revelatory journey through the three-billion-year history of slime - a substance upon which we and our world depend. Slime is an ambiguous thing. It exists somewhere between a solid and liquid. It inspires revulsion even while it compels our fascination. It is a both a vehicle for pathogens and the strongest weapon in our immune system. Most of us know little about it and yet it is the substance on which our world turns. Slime exists at the interfaces of all things: between the different organs and layers in our bodies, and between the earth, water, and air in the environment. It is often produced in the fatal encounter between predator and prey, and it is a vital presence in the reproductive embrace between female and male. In this ground-breaking and fascinating book, Susanne Wedlich leads us on a scientific journey through the 3 billion year history of slime, from the part it played in the evolution of life on this planet to the way it might feature in the post-human future. She also explores the cultural and emotional significance of slime, from its starring role in the horror genre to its subtle influence on Art Nouveau. Slime is what connects Patricia Highsmith's fondness for snails, John Steinbeck's aversion to hagfish, and Emperor Hirohito's passion for jellyfish, as well as the curious mating practices of underwater gastropods and the miraculous functioning of the human gut. Written with authority, wit and eloquence, Slime brings this most nebulous and neglected of substances to life. Rich and strange... a deft cultural history of the idea of slime as well as an up-to-the-minute exegesis of its science - Daily TelegraphTrade ReviewSusanne Wedlich is your smart and genial guide through the curious realms of natural goop, how we think of it, treat it and need it. An illuminating and eloquent story of slime, it will leave you appreciating in whole new ways the sticky stuff that covers our world, inside and out -- Helen Scales, marine biologist and author of The Brilliant AbyssRich and strange... a deft cultural history of the idea of slime as well as an up-to-the-minute exegesis of its science * Daily Telegraph *An enjoyably icky guide * Telegraph *Packed with disarming facts... Wedlich is a modest and understated guide * Spectator *Remarkable... [Wedlich] takes delight in the ooze, revels in the squidge, and brings it together in admirably well-organised form to create a rollicking read -- Cal Flyn * Prospect *

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction: materials-history and character 2. Family trees: organising materials and processes 3. Strategic thinking: matching material to design 4. Elastic stiffness, and weight: atomic bonding and packing 5. Stiffness-limited design 6. Beyond elasticity: plasticity, yielding and ductility 7. Strength-limited design 8. Fracture and fracture toughness 9. Cyclic loading and fatigue failure 10. Fracture- and fatigue-limited design 11. Friction and wear 12. Materials and heat 13. Diffusion and creep: materials at high temperatures 14. Durability: oxidation, corrosion, degradation 15. Electrical materials: conductors, insulators, and dielectrics 16. Magnetic materials 17. Materials for optical devices 18. Manufacturing processes and design 19. Processing, microstructure and properties 20. Materials, environment, and sustainability Guided Learning Unit 1: Simple ideas of crystallography Guided Learning Unit 2: Phase diagrams and phase transformations Appendix A: Data for engineering materials Appendix B: Corrosion tables Appendix C: Material properties and length scales

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Table of Contents1 Front Matter; 2 Executive Summary; 3 1. Introduction; 4 2. Technology Transfer; 5 3. NDCEE Technology Transer: Selected Cases; 6 4. Barriers to Technology Transfer; 7 5. Conclusions and Recommendations; 8 Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members; 9 Appendix B: Invited Speakers; 10 Appendix C: Review of Organic Coating Technology; 11 Appendix D: Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Book SynopsisThis book includes fundamentals of textile processing technology with explanation of craft techniques, various stages of processing fibres and yarns with useful, readily understandable, line drawings. Fibrous types, dyes, yarns and cloths have been explained and material is supported by glossary and explanation of processing stages from fibre to finished cloth. Further, the considerations of relevance to the development and preparation of a design collection are outlined and discussed. Various testing procedures, including fibre, yarn and cloth identification methods, and important innovations in textile products and processing are identified and explained as well. Focused mainly on the needs of students specializing in textile or fashion design, at first year undergraduate university level, this book: Covers all stages from fibre to finished cloth. Discusses various stages of processing fibres and yarns. Explains fibrous types, dyTable of Contents1. Introduction. 2. Textile fibres. 3. Yarns. 4. Weaving. 5. Knitting and other forms of yarn manipulation. 6. Felt, bark and other nonwovens. 7. Dyes and their application. 8. Block-printing and resist-dyeing techniques. 9. Finishing. 10. Motifs and patterns. 11. Design development and presentation. 12. Testing and appraisal. 13. Further considerations. 14. In conclusion. Glossary.

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Book SynopsisJames F. Shackelford has BS and MS degrees in Ceramic Engineering from the University of Washington and a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at McMaster University in Canada, he joined the University of California, Davis, where he is currently Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering. For many years, he served as the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies in the College of Engineering and later as the Director of the University Honors Program that serves students from a wide spectrum of majors. Dr. Shackelford also served as Associate Director for Education for the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology (CBST) and as Faculty Assistant to the Director of the McClellan Nuclear Research Center (MNRC) of UC Davis. He teaches and conducts research in the structural characterization and pTable of Contents Materials for Engineering 1.1 The Material World 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 1.3 Six Materials That Changed Your World STEEL BRIDGES—INTRODUCING METALS TRANSPARENT OXIDES—INTRODUCING CERAMICS SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS—INTRODUCING GLASSES NYLON PARACHUTES—INTRODUCING POLYMERS KEVLAR®-REINFORCED TIRES—INTRODUCINGCOMPOSITES SILICON CHIPS—INTRODUCING SEMICONDUCTORS 1.4 Processing and Selecting Materials 1.5 Looking at Materials by Powers of Ten PARTI: The Fundamentals Atomic Bonding 2.1 Atomic Structure 2.2 The Ionic Bond COORDINATION NUMBER 2.3 The Covalent Bond 2.4 The Metallic Bond 2.5 The Secondary, or van der Waals, Bond 2.6 Materials—The Bonding Classification Crystalline Structure—Perfection 3.1 Seven Systems and Fourteen Lattices 3.2 Metal Structures 3.3 Ceramic Structures Crystal Defects and Noncrystalline Structure—Imperfection 4.1 The Solid Solution—Chemical Imperfection 4.2 Point Defects—Zero-Dimensional Imperfections 4.3 Linear Defects, or Dislocations—One-Dimensional Imperfections 4.4 Planar Defects—Two-Dimensional Imperfections 4.5 Noncrystalline Solids—Three-Dimensional Imperfections Diffusion 5.1 Thermally Activated Processes 5.2 Thermal Production of Point Defects 5.3 Point Defects and Solid-State Diffusion 5.4 Steady-State Diffusion 5.5 Alternate Diffusion Paths Mechanical Behavior 6.1 Stress Versus Strain METALS CERAMICS AND GLASSES POLYMERS 6.2 Elastic Deformation 6.3 Plastic Deformation 6.4 Hardness 6.5 Creep and Stress Relaxation 6.6 Viscoelastic Deformation INORGANIC GLASSES ORGANIC POLYMERS ELASTOMERS Thermal Behavior 7.1 Heat Capacity 7.2 Thermal Expansion 7.3 Thermal Conductivity 7.4 Thermal Shock Failure Analysis and Prevention 8.1 Impact Energy 8.2 Fracture Toughness 8.3 Fatigue 8.4 Nondestructive Testing 8.5 Failure Analysis and Prevention Phase Diagrams—Equilibrium Microstructural Development 9.1 The Phase Rule 9.2 The Phase Diagram COMPLETE SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH NO SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTIC DIAGRAM WITH LIMITED SOLID SOLUTION EUTECTOID DIAGRAM PERITECTIC DIAGRAM GENERAL BINARY DIAGRAMS 9.3 The Lever Rule 9.4 Microstructural Development During Slow Cooling Time—The Third Dimension 10.1 Time—The Third Dimension 10.2 The TTT Diagram DIFFUSIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS DIFFUSIONLESS (MARTENSITIC) TRANSFORMATIONS HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL 10.3 Hardenability 10.4 Precipitation Hardening 10.5 Annealing COLD WORK RECOVERY RECRYSTALLIZATION GRAIN GROWTH 10.6 The Kinetics of Phase Transformations for Nonmetals PART II: Materials and Their Applications Structural Materials—Metals, Ceramics, and Glasses 11.1 Metals FERROUS ALLOYS NONFERROUS ALLOYS 11.2 Ceramics and Glasses CERAMICS—CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS GLASSES—NONCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS GLASS-CERAMICS 11.3 Processing the Structural Materials PROCESSING OF METALS PROCESSING OF CERAMICS AND GLASSES Structural Materials—Polymers and Composites Polymers POLYMERIZATION STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF POLYMERS THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS THERMOSETTING POLYMERS ADDITIVES 12.2 Composites FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES AGGREGATE COMPOSITES PROPERTY AVERAGING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES 12.3 Processing the Structural Materials PROCESSING OF POLYMERS PROCESSING OF COMPOSITES Electronic Materials 13.1 Charge Carriers and Conduction 13.2 Energy Levels and Energy Bands 13.3 Conductors THERMOCOUPLES SUPERCONDUCTORS 13.4 Insulators FERROELECTRICS PIEZOELECTRICS 13.5 Semiconductors INTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS EXTRINSIC, ELEMENTAL SEMICONDUCTORS COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTORS SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 13.6 Composites 13.7 Electrical Classification of Materials Optical and Magnetic Materials 14.1 Optical Materials OPTICAL PROPERTIES OPTICAL SYSTEMS AND DEVICES 14.2 Magnetic Materials FERROMAGNETISM FERRIMAGNETISM METALLIC MAGNETS CERAMIC MAGNETS Materials in Engineering Design 15.1 Material Properties—Engineering Design Parameters 15.2 Selection of Structural Materials—Case Studies MATERIALS FOR HIP- AND KNEE-JOINT REPLACEMENT METAL SUBSTITUTION WITH COMPOSITES 15.3 Selection of Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials—Case Studies LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE GLASS FOR SMART PHONE AND TABLET TOUCHSCREENS AMORPHOUS METAL FOR ELECTRIC-POWERDISTRIBUTION 15.4 Materials and Our Environment ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DESIGN RECYCLING AND REUSE APPENDIX1: Physical and Chemical Data for the Elements APPENDIX 2: Atomic and Ionic Radii of the Elements APPENDIX 3: Constants and Conversion Factors and the Periodic Table of Elements APPENDIX 4: Properties of the Structural Materials APPENDIX 5: Properties of the Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials APPENDIX 6: Glossary Answers to Practice Problems (PP) and Odd-Numbered Problems Index

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Book SynopsisA fresh and entertaining perspective on materials science involving the craftspeople who have built their careers around working with materials such as clay, stone, steel and wool.From atomic structures to theories about magnetic forces, scientific progress has given us a good grasp on the properties of many different materials. However, most scientists cannot measure the temperature of steel just by looking at it, or sculpt stone into all kinds of shapes, or know how it feels to blow up a balloon of glass. Handmade is the story of materials through making and doing. Author and material scientist Anna Ploszajski journeys into the domain of makers and craftspeople to comprehend how the most popular materials really work. Anna has the fresh perspective of someone at the forefront of the field. Each chapter features her accounts of learning from masters of their respective crafts. Along the way, Anna builds a fuller picture of materials and their placeTrade ReviewBy meeting with makers and playing with materials, Anna creates a beautiful picture of what these substances really feel like and what they are capable of. This book will make all your senses tingle. * Roma Agrawal, structural engineer and author *This book is a wonderful journey through the art and science of materials… beautifully crafted and very personal. Highly recommended to anyone who loves ‘stuff’ and is curious enough to want to delve into its inner secrets. * Mark Miodownik, scientist, broadcaster and founder of the Materials Library *Ultimately, Ploszajski succeeds in demonstrating that the act of making something can impart an appreciation for and understanding of the properties of the material from which it is made. * Dorothy Jones-Davis, Science Magazine *Ploszajski is a talented science communicator… and the zany accounts of her fieldwork are lots of fun. This pop science adventure delights. * Publishers Weekly *Luminous, witty, and enormously appealing… Handmade is exactly the sort of hybrid memoir that invites discussion and will likely spark further research. -- Colleen Mondor * Booklist *Table of ContentsPrologue Glass Plastic Steel Brass Clay Sugar Wool Wood Paper Stone Epilogue Acknowledgements Index

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Book SynopsisThis fascinating series brings some tricky science topics right down to the basics, setting curious kids up for a lifetime of learning about the forces at work all around us.

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Book SynopsisIntroduces readers to the field of inorganic materials, while emphasizing synthesis and modification techniques Written from the chemist's point of view, this newly updated and completely revised fourth edition of Synthesis of Inorganic Materials provides a thorough and pedagogical introduction to the exciting and fast developing field of inorganic materials and features all of the latest developments. New to this edition is a chapter on self-assembly and self-organization, as well as all-new content on: demixing of glasses, non-classical crystallization, precursor chemistry, citrate-gel and Pechini liquid mix methods, ice-templating, and materials with hierarchical porosity. Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, 4th Edition features chapters covering: solid-state reactions; formation of solids from the gas phase; formation of solids from solutions and melts; preparation and modification of inorganic polymers; self-assembly and self-organization; templated materials; and nanostructured materials. There is also an extensive glossary to help bridge the gap between chemistry, solid state physics and materials science. In addition, a selection of books and review articles is provided at the end of each chapter as a starting point for more in-depth reading. -Gives the students a thorough overview of the fundamentals and the wide variety of different inorganic materials with applications in research as well as in industry -Every chapter is updated with new content -Includes a completely new chapter covering self-assembly and self-organization -Written by well-known and experienced authors who follow an intuitive and pedagogical approach Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, 4th Edition is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate students as well as masters and graduate students of inorganic chemistry and materials science. Table of ContentsPreface ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xv 1 Introduction 1 2 Solid-State Reactions 5 2.1 Reactions Between Solid Compounds 5 2.1.1 Ceramic Method 5 2.1.1.1 General Aspects of Solid-State Reactions 8 2.1.1.2 Facilitating Solid-State Reactions 12 2.1.2 Mechanochemical Synthesis 16 2.1.3 Carbothermal Reduction 17 2.1.4 Combustion Synthesis 22 2.1.4.1 Solution Combustion Synthesis 29 2.2 Solid–Gas Reactions 31 2.3 Ceramics Processing 34 2.3.1 Sintering 38 2.4 Intercalation Reactions 41 2.4.1 Mechanistic Aspects 47 2.4.2 Preparative Methods 49 2.4.3 Intercalation of Polymers in Layered Systems 51 2.4.4 Pillaring of Layered Compounds 52 Further Reading 55 3 Formation of Solids from the Gas Phase 57 3.1 Chemical Vapour Transport 57 3.1.1 Halogen Lamps 59 3.1.2 Transport Reactions 63 3.2 Chemical Vapour Deposition 65 3.2.1 General Aspects 65 3.2.2 Techniques 73 3.2.3 Metal CVD 78 3.2.3.1 Silicon and Aluminium 79 3.2.3.2 Tungsten 82 3.2.3.3 Copper 83 3.2.4 CVD of Carbon 86 3.2.5 CVD of Binary and Multinary Compounds 89 3.2.5.1 Metal Oxides 90 3.2.5.2 Metal Nitrides 92 3.2.5.3 Metal Chalcogenides and Pnictides 95 3.2.6 Aerosol-Assisted CVD 97 3.2.7 Chemical Vapour Infiltration 99 3.3 Gas-Phase Powder Syntheses 101 Further Reading 110 4 Formation of Solids from Solutions and Melts 113 4.1 Glass 113 4.1.1 The Structural Theory of Glass Formation 115 4.1.2 Crystallization Versus Glass Formation 118 4.1.3 Glass Melting 123 4.1.4 Phase Separation 127 4.1.5 Metallic Glasses 128 4.2 Crystallization from Solution 132 4.2.1 Monodispersity 133 4.2.2 Shape Control of Crystals 135 4.2.3 Non-classical Crystallization 137 4.2.4 Biomineralization 140 4.2.4.1 Biogenic Materials 140 4.2.4.2 Biomineralization 146 4.2.4.3 Bioinspired Materials Chemistry 151 4.3 Electrodeposition 156 4.3.1 Colloids 156 4.3.2 Electrodeposition of Ceramics 159 4.4 Solvothermal Processes 161 4.4.1 Fundamentals 161 4.4.2 Growing Single Crystals 165 4.4.3 Solvothermal Synthesis 168 4.4.3.1 Metal Oxides 169 4.4.3.2 Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials 171 4.4.3.3 Zeolites 172 4.5 Sol–Gel Processes 177 4.5.1 The Chemistry of Alkoxide Precursors 181 4.5.2 Hydrolysis and Condensation 185 4.5.2.1 Silica-Based Materials 186 4.5.2.2 Metal Oxide-Based Materials 192 4.5.3 The Sol–Gel Transition (Gelation) 195 4.5.4 Aging and Drying 201 4.5.5 Nonhydrolytic Sol–Gel Processes 203 4.5.6 Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Materials 204 4.5.7 Aerogels 208 Further Reading 214 5 Preparation and Modification of Inorganic Polymers 217 5.1 General Aspects 218 5.1.1 Synthesis and Crosslinking 219 5.1.2 Copolymers 221 5.2 Polysiloxanes (Silicones) 222 5.2.1 Properties and Applications 222 5.2.2 Structure 226 5.2.3 Preparation 227 5.2.4 Curing (‘Vulcanizing’) 231 5.3 Polyphosphazenes 233 5.3.1 Properties and Applications 233 5.3.2 Preparation and Modification 236 5.4 Polysilanes 239 5.4.1 Properties and Applications 239 5.4.2 Preparation 242 5.5 Polycarbosilanes 245 5.6 Polysilazanes and Related Polymers 249 5.7 Polymers with B–N Backbones 252 5.8 Other Inorganic Polymers 253 5.8.1 Other Phosphorus-Containing Polymers 254 5.8.2 Polymers with S–N Backbones 255 5.8.3 Metallopolymers 255 5.9 Polymer-to-Ceramic Transformation 258 Further Reading 264 6 Self-Assembly 267 6.1 Self-Assembled Monolayers 268 6.2 Metal–Organic Frameworks 271 6.2.1 Modularity of the Structures 271 6.2.2 Synthesis and Modification 276 6.3 Supramolecular Arrangements of Surfactants and Block Copolymers 279 6.4 Layer-by-Layer Assembly 282 Further Reading 285 7 Templating 287 7.1 Introduction to Porosity and High Surface Area Materials 289 7.2 Infiltration and Coating of Templates 292 7.2.1 Replica Technique 293 7.2.2 Sacrificial Templates 295 7.2.2.1 Colloidal Crystals 296 7.2.2.2 Hollow Particles 298 7.2.3 Direct Foaming 300 7.2.4 Nanocasting 302 7.3 In Situ Formation of Templates 305 7.3.1 Breath Figures 305 7.3.2 Freeze Casting 306 7.3.3 Supramolecular Assemblies of Amphiphiles 307 7.3.3.1 Synthesis of Periodic Mesoporous Silicas 310 7.3.3.2 Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly 314 7.3.3.3 Incorporation of Organic Groups 315 7.4 Reorganization and Transformation Processes 317 7.4.1 Pseudomorphic Transformation 317 7.4.2 Kirkendall Effect 319 7.4.3 Galvanic Replacement 320 7.4.4 Phase Separation and Leaching 321 Further Reading 325 8 Nanomaterials 327 8.1 Properties of Nanomaterials 329 8.1.1 Properties Due to Surface Effects 329 8.1.2 Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials 331 8.1.3 Catalytic Properties 332 8.1.4 Optical Properties 333 8.1.5 Electrical Properties 336 8.1.6 Magnetic Properties 337 8.2 Syntheses of Nanoparticles 339 8.2.1 Severe Plastic Deformation 340 8.2.2 Formation from Vapours 341 8.2.3 Formation from Solution 343 8.2.4 Surface Modification with Organic Groups 348 8.3 One-Dimensional Nanostructures 352 8.3.1 Nanowires and Nanorods 352 8.3.2 Nanotubes 357 8.3.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes 357 8.3.2.2 Titania Nanotubes 362 8.4 Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials 365 8.4.1 Graphene 365 8.4.2 Other 2D Nanomaterials 369 8.5 Heterostructures and Composites 370 8.5.1 Core–Shell Nanoparticles 370 8.5.2 Vertical 2D Heterostructures 373 8.5.3 Polymer–Matrix Nanocomposites 374 8.5.4 Supported Metal Nanoparticles 376 Further Reading 378 Glossary 381 Index 389

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Book SynopsisOrganometallic Compounds An up-to-date overview of the fundamentals, synthesis, and applications of organometallic compounds Organometallic Compounds: Synthesis, Reactions, and Applications delivers an accessible and robust introduction to the fundamentals of organometallic compounds, including their reactions, catalytic mechanisms, and modern applications, including carbon-dioxide fixation, reduction, gas adsorption and purification, drug delivery, renewable energy, and wastewater treatment. The book also covers toxicological and computational studies. The authors address the current challenges confronting researchers seeking to sustainably synthesize and process organometallic compounds and offer complete coverage on the most recent advancements in applications relating to the fields of environmental science, electronics, fossil fuels, and more. Readers will also find: Introduces to fundamentals, nomenclature, properties, and classification of organometallic compounds Discusses methods of synthesis of organometallic compounds Practical discussions of organometallic complexes of the lanthanoids and actinoids, as well as bio-organometallic chemistry Includes characterization techniques of organometallic compounds Perfect for organic, environmental, inorganic, water, and catalytic chemists, Organometallic Compounds: Synthesis, Reactions, and Applications will also benefit chemical engineers and industrial chemists.Table of ContentsTable of Contents Chapter 1:Organometallic Compounds: Fundamental Aspects Chapter 2:Nomenclature of Organometallic Compounds Chapter 3:Classification and Properties of Organometallic Compounds Chapter 4:Synthesis Methods of Organometallic Compounds Chapter 5:Metal carbonyls: Synthesis, Properties and Structure Chapter 6:Metal-Carbon Multiple Bonded Compounds Chapter 7:Metallocenes: Synthesis, Properties and Structure Chapter 8:s-complexes, pi-complexes & ¿n-CnRn carbocyclic polyenes based organometallic Compounds Chapter 9:Organometallic Complexes of the Lanthanoids and Actiniods Chapter 10:Bio-organometallic Chemistry Chapter 11:Important Reactions of Organometallic Compounds Chapter 12:Characterization Techniques of Organometallic Compounds Chapter 13:Organometallic Compounds Based Important Reagents Chapter 14:Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis by Organometallic Complexes Chapter 15:Cluster Compounds: Boranes, Heteroboranes, Metallaboranes and Metallacarboranes Chapter 16:Applications of Organometallic Compounds for Carbon-dioxide Fixation, Reduction, Gas Adsorption and Gas Purification Chapter 17:Emerging Roll of Organometallic Compounds for Drug Delivery, Renewable Energy and Waste Water Treatment Chapter 18:Toxicity of Organometallic Compounds Chapter 19:Computational Approaches in some important Organometallic Catalysis Reactions

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Engineering Materials and Their Properties Part A: Price and Availability2. Price and Availability of Materials Part B: Elastice Moduli3. Elastic Moduli4. Bonding between Atoms5. Packing of Atoms in Solids6. Physical Basis of Young’s Modulus7. Applications of Elastic Deformation8. Case Studies in Modulus-Limited Design Part C: Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, and Ductility9. Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, and Ductility10. Dislocations and Yielding in Crystals11. Strengthening and Plasticity of Polycrystals12. Continuum Aspects of Plastic Flow13. Case Studies in Yield-Limited Design Part D: Fast Fracture, Brittle Fracture, and Toughness14. Fast Fracture and Toughness15. Micromechanisms of Fast Fracture16. Fracture Probability of Brittle Materials17. Case Studies in Fracture Part E: Fatigue Failure18. Fatigue Failure19. Fatigue Design20. Case Studies in Fatigue Failure Part F: Creep Deformation and Fracture21. Creep Deformation and Fracture22. Kinetic Theory of Diffusion23. Mechanisms of Creep, and Creep-Resistant Materials24. The Turbine Blade—A Case Study in Creep-Limited Design Part G: Oxidation and Corrosion25. Oxidation of Materials26. Case Studies in Dry Oxidation27. Wet Corrosion of Materials28. Case Studies in Wet Corrosion Part H: Friction and Wear29. Friction and Wear30. Case Studies in Friction and Wear Part I: Thermal Properties31. Thermal Expansion32. Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat33. Final Case Study:Materials and Energy in Car Design Appendix

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Book SynopsisAn understanding of the quantum mechanical nature of magnetism has led to the development of new magnetic materials which are used as permanent magnets, sensors, and information storage. Behind these practical applications lie a range of fundamental ideas, including symmetry breaking, order parameters, excitations, frustration, and reduced dimensionality.This superb new textbook presents a logical account of these ideas, staring from basic concepts in electromagnetsim and quantum mechanics. It outlines the origin of magnetic moments in atoms and how these moments can be affected by their local environment inside a crystal. The different types of interactions which can be present between magnetic moments are described. The final chapters of the book are devoted to the magnetic properties of metals, and to the complex behaviour which can occur when competing magnetic interactions are present and/or the system has a reduced dimensionality. Throughout the text, the theorectical principles are applied to real systems. There is substantial discussion of experimental techniques and current reserach topics. The book is copiously illustrated and contains detailed appendices which cover the fundamental principles.Trade ReviewI can warmly recommend this book to anyone considering giving a course on magnetism and for those students of condensed matter physics, who have no access to such a course ... it is also very useful and enjoyable reading for those who have been working in magnetism for some time and have felt the lack of a systematic review of the subject. * Contemporary Physics *... the reader or student obtains a very thorough and systematic background in which to place the large variety of subject matter. * Contemporary Physics *Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Isolated magnetic moments ; 3. Environments ; 4. Interactions ; 5. Order and magnetic structures ; 6. Order and broken symmetry ; 7. Magnetism in metals ; 8. Competing interactions and low dimensionality ; Appendix A: Units in electromagnetism ; Appendix B: Electromagnetism ; Appendix C: Quantum and atomic physics ; Appendix D: Energy in magnetism and demagnetism ; Appendix E: Statistical mechanics ; Appendix F: List of symbols ; Index

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Book SynopsisThis textbook series has been designed for final year undergraduate and first year graduate students, providing an overview of the entire field, showing how specialized topics are part of the wider whole, and including references to current areas of literature and research.Table of Contents1. Bose-Einstein condensates ; 2. Superfluid helium-4 ; 3. Superconductivity ; 4. The Ginzburg-Landau model ; 5. The macroscopic coherent state ; 6. The BCS theory of superconductivity ; 7. Superfluid helium-3 and unconventional superconductivity ; A. Solutions and hints to selected exercises

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Book SynopsisThis book is an introduction to the quantum theory of materials and first-principles computational materials modelling. It explains how to use density functional theory as a practical tool for calculating the properties of materials without using any empirical parameters. The structural, mechanical, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of materials are described within a single unified conceptual framework, rooted in the Schrödinger equation of quantum mechanics, and powered by density functional theory. This book is intended for senior undergraduate and first-year graduate students in materials science, physics, chemistry, and engineering who are approaching for the first time the study of materials at the atomic scale. The inspiring principle of the book is borrowed from one of the slogans of the Perl programming language, ''Easy things should be easy and hard things should be possible''. Following this philosophy, emphasis is placed on the unifying concepts, and on the frequent use of simple heuristic arguments to build on one''s own intuition. The presentation style is somewhat cross disciplinary; an attempt is made to seamlessly combine materials science, quantum mechanics, electrodynamics, and numerical analysis, without using a compartmentalized approach. Each chapter is accompanied by an extensive set of references to the original scientific literature and by exercises where all key steps and final results are indicated in order to facilitate learning. This book can be used either as a complement to the quantum theory of materials, or as a primer in modern techniques of computational materials modelling using density functional theory.Trade ReviewAt last an undergraduate/graduate textbook that demonstrates the power of density functional theory not only to help interpret experimental data but also to predict the properties of new materials. Each chapter is lucidly presented with heuristic, intuitive arguments leading to the main ideas before numerous examples illustrate the often remarkable accuracy of density functional theory over a wide range of electronic, structural, mechanical, optical and magnetic properties. A book that should be on the shelves of every library in Materials Science and Engineering, Physics and Chemistry departments. * David Pettifor, University of Oxford *The density functional theory has finally brought quantum mechanics into materials science. Its proven ability to produce correct predictions of properties of real materials means that it has taken over as the premier method in solid state materials, ultimately because of its suitability as a numerical method. While traditional books still build from analytically tractable models, this book reflects more accurately current practice. The book will be ideal for a graduate-level student with a grounding in quantum mechanics, and could be tackled in an undergraduate course. * Graeme Ackland, University of Edinburgh *Table of Contents1. Computational materials modelling from first principles ; 2. Many-body Schrodinger equation ; 3. Density-functional theory ; 4. Equilibrium structures of materials: fundamentals ; 5. Equilobrium structures of materials: calculation vs. experiment ; 6. Elastic properties of materials ; 7. Vibrations of molecules and solids ; 8. Phonons, vibrational spectroscopy, and thermodynamics ; 9. Band structures and photoelectron spectroscopy ; 10. Dielectric function and optical spectra ; 11. Density-functional theory and magnetic materials ; Appendix A: Derivation of the Hartree-Fock equations ; Appendix B: Derivation of the Kohn-Sham equations ; Appendix C: Numerical solution of the Kohn-Sham equations ; Appendix D: Reciprocal lattice and Brillouin zone ; Appendix E: Pseudopotentials

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Book SynopsisFrom the former president of MIT, the story of the next technology revolution, and how it will change our lives.Trade Review"... entertaining and prescient…" -- Science"Your amazing guide to the future of biology is the former president of the Aladdin's cave that is the Massachusetts Institute of Technology." -- Summer Reading 2019 - New Scientist

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Book SynopsisThis versatile resource consolidates available methods for the spectrophotometric determination of palladium and platinum and serves as a practical ready-to-use guide for those researching palladium and platinum and for those working in the field of medicinal metal complexes of the two metals. The beauty of spectrophotometric methods lies in their simplicity, convenience, and easy operability, not to mention their cost-effectiveness. They can be automated easily and are thus the most affordable methods for the below reasons: Address analysts from all areas of industry, research labs and postgraduate students of analytical or medicinal chemistry as well as material science Detail all recently developed methods for palladium and platinum determination using spectrophotometry in a single source. Organized so that anyone interested in a particular method using a specific reagent can go directly to those details Facilitates the development of better methods for specific conditions of a sample

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Book SynopsisExperimental Design and Scientific Data Analysis provides accessible information about the research process from start to finish as applied to conservation, to enable readers to successfully plan and carry out research and share findings effectively with others.The book is divided into two parts, starting with experimental design in Part 1 and then considering data analysis in Part 2. Part 1 takes the reader through the process of designing and planning experiments, from the initial design of aims and objectives to ethical testing, and includes a range of examples to demonstrate how these ideas apply to a range of specialisms and materials. Part 2 focuses on what to do with data once it has been collected, including choosing the right statistical test, different methods of presenting information, and communicating your findings clearly to your chosen audience. Questions at the end of each chapter are designed to help readers check and consolidate their knowledge of the

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Book SynopsisLeading graphene research theorist Mikhail I. Katsnelson systematically presents the basic concepts of graphene physics in this fully revised second edition. The author illustrates and explains basic concepts such as Berry phase, scaling, Zitterbewegung, Kubo, Landauer and Mori formalisms in quantum kinetics, chirality, plasmons, commensurate-incommensurate transitions and many others. Open issues and unsolved problems introduce the reader to the latest developments in the field. New achievements and topics presented include the basic concepts of Van der Waals heterostructures, many-body physics of graphene, electronic optics of Dirac electrons, hydrodynamics of electron liquid and the mechanical properties of one atom-thick membranes. Building on an undergraduate-level knowledge of quantum and statistical physics and solid-state theory, this is an important graduate textbook for students in nanoscience, nanotechnology and condensed matter. For physicists and material scientists workinTrade Review'This is an excellent text on the theory of graphene. The book deserves a place on the shelf of any researcher into the theory of graphene.' A. H. Harker, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface to the second edition; Preface to the first edition; 1. The electronic structure of ideal graphene; 2. Electron states in a magnetic field; 3. Quantum transport via evanescent waves; 4. The Klein paradox and chiral tunnelling; 5. Edges, nanoribbons and quantum dots; 6. Point defects; 7. Optics and response functions; 8. The Coulomb problem; 9. Crystal lattice dynamics, structure and thermodynamics; 10. Gauge fields and strain engineering; 11. Scattering mechanisms and transport properties; 12. Spin effects and magnetism; 13. Graphene on hexagonal boron nitride; 14. Twisted bilayer graphene; 15. Many-body effects in graphene; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society''s 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 23-28, 2011. This issue includes papers presented in the Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics & Composites Symposium on topics such as processing-microstructure properties correlations; fracture mechanics, modeling and testing; tribological properties; applications; and processing.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi COMPOSITES: FIBERS, MATRICES, INTERFACES, AND APPLICATIONS Oxide Fiber Coatings for Silicon Carbide Ceramic Matrix Composites 3 Emmanuel E. Boakye, Pavel S. Mogilevsky, T. A. Parthasarathy, Randall S. Hay, Michael K. Cinibulk, and M. Ahrens Transmission Electron Microscopy of Rare-Earth Orthophosphate Fiber-Matrix Interphases that Deform by Transformation Plasticity During Fiber Push-Out 15 R. S. Hay, G. E. Fair, E. E. Boakye, P. Mogilevsky, T. A. Parthasarathy, M. Ahrens, and T. J. Godar Processing of Oxide/Oxide Composites for Gas Turbine Applications Based on Braiding Technique (OXITEX) 23 Christian Wilhelmi, Thays Machry, Ralf Knoche, and Dietmar Koch ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES Relationships Between Fiber Strength, Passive Oxidation and Scale Crystallization Kinetics of Hi-Nicalon-S SiC Fibers 39 R. S. Hay, G. E. Fair, R. Bouffioux, E. Urban, J. Morrow, A. Hart, and M. Wilson FRACTURE MECHANICS, MODELING, AND MECHANICAL TESTING Specimen Stress Equilibrium in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Tests of Ceramics at High Strain Rate 55 Jianming Yuan, Jan Ma, and Geoffrey E.B. Tan Residual Stress in Ceramic Zirconia-Porcelain Crowns by Nanoindentation 67 Y. Zhang and J. C. Hanan Design and Development Approach for Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers Made of Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites 77 Ralf Knoche, Erich Werth, Markus Weth, Jesus Gomez Garcia, Christian Wilhelmi, and Miklos Gerendäs Effects of Preloading on Foreign Object Damage in an N720/Alumina Oxide/Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite 89 D. Calvin Faucett and Sung R. Choi Frequency and Hold-Time Effects on Durability of Melt-Infiltrated SiC/SiC 101 G. Ojard, Y. Gowayed, G. Morscher, U. Santhosh, J. Ahmad, R. Miller, and R. John Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide Processed with Petroleum Coke 111 Rodrigo P. Silva and Celio A. Costa NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION Identification of Damage Modes in Ceramic Matrix Composites by Acoustic Emission Signal Pattern Recognition 123 N. Godin, M. R'Mili, P. Reynaud, G. Fantozzi, and J. Lamon An Indentation Based Non-Destructive Evaluation Technique for Thermal Barrier Coating Spallation Prediction 135 J. M. Tannenbaum, K. Lee, B. S.-J. Kang, and M. A. Alvin Determination of Apparent Porosity Level of Refractory Concrete Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Technique and Image Analysis 151 Anja Terzic , Ljubica Pavlovic , and Vojislav Mitic PROCESSING-MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTIES CORRELATIONS Sintering Behavior of Lithium-Titanate Pebbles: Modifications of Microstructure and Pore Morphology 165 D. Mandal, D. Sen, S. Mazumder, MRK Shenoi, S. Ramnathan, and D. Sathiyamoorthy Silicon Carbide Based Sandwich Structures: Processing and Properties 171 Alberto Ortona, Claudio D'Angelo, Simone Pusteria, and Sandra Gianella Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics with Different Fiber Reinforcements 181 H. A. Colorado, C. Hiel, and H. T. Hahn Preceramic-Polymer-Bonded SiC Preforms for High Volume Fraction SiCp/AI Composites 189 Kuljira Sujirote, Kannigar Dateraksa, Sukunthakan Ngernbamrung, Ryan McCuiston, Trinmet Sungkapan, and Jessada Wannasin Novel High Temperature Wound Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites Manufactured via Freeze Gelation 201 Thays Machry, Christian Wilhelmi, and Dietmar Koch Effect of Reaction Time on Composition and Properties of SiC-Diamond Ceramic Composites 213 S. Salamone, and O. Spriggs Pressureless Sintering of Boron Carbide Using Amorphous Boron and SiC as Additives 223 Celio A. Costa, Victor Manuel, Jose Brant de Campos, and Pedro Augusto de S.L. Cosentino Effect of Reactive Heat Treatment on Properties of AI-Mg-B4C Composites 229 M. K. Aghajanian, A. L. McCormick, and W. M. Waggoner Cohesive Strength of Dry Powders Using Rheology 237 Nicholas Ku, Sara Reynaud, Chuck Rohn, and Rich Haber Effect of Heat Treatment on Thermal Properties of Pitch-Based Carbon Fiber and Pan-Based Carbon Fiber Carbon-Carbon Composites 245 Sardar S. Iqbal, Ralph Dinwiddie, Wallace Porter, Michael Lance, and Peter Filip TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES Ceramic Foam/Aluminium Alloy Interpenetrating Composites for Wear Resistance Applications 257 J. Liu, J, Binner, R. Higginson, and C. Munnings An Experimental Study on the Effects of SiC on the Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Cr3C2-NiCr Cermets 271 Ali Ozer, Waltraud M. Kriven, and Yahya Kemal Tur Increasing the Operating Pressure of Gasoline Injection Pumps via Ceramic Sliding Systems 281 C. Pfister, H. Kubach, and U. Spicher Property and Microstructural Correlations to Wear on Reaction Bonded Materials 297 A. L. Marshall and S. Salamone Author Index 305

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Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society''s 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 23-28, 2011. This issue includes papers presented in the Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications and Materials for Extreme Environments symposia on topics such as Coatings to Resist Wear, Erosion and Tribological Loadings; Environmental Barrier Coatings; Functionally Graded Coatings and Interfaces; Thermal Barrier Coatings; and Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases).Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi ADVANCED COATING CHARCTERIZATION METHODSAND NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION Monitoring Delamination of Thermal Barrier Coatings during Interrupted High-Heat-Flux Laser Testing using Upconversion Luminescence Imaging 3 Jeffrey I. Eldridge and Dongming Zhu, and Douglas E. Wolfe Thermal Imaging Measurement Accuracy for Thermal Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings 15 J. G. Sun ADVANCED COATING PROCESSING AND NANOSTRUCTURED COATING SYSTEMS High Velocity Suspension Flame Sprayed (HVSFS) Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Biomedical Applications 25 N. Stiegler, R. Gadow, and A. Killinger COATINGS TO RESIST WEAR, EROSION, AND TRIBOLOGICAL LOADINGS Ceramic/Metal-Polymer Multilayered Coatings for Tribological Applications Under Dry Sliding Conditions 39 A. Rempp, M. Widmann, P. Guth, A. Killinger, and R. Gadow Application of HVOF for High Performance Cylinder Liner Coatings 51 A. Manzat, A. Killinger, and R. Gadow Multilayer Coatings for Anti-Corrosion Applications 59 L. Lin, C. Qu, R. Kasica, Q. Fang, R. E. Miller, E. Pierce, E. Mccarty, J. H. Fan, D. D. Edwards, G. Wynick, and X. W. Wang ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIER COATINGS FOR TURBINE ENGINES AND EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD) of Ceramics for Protective Coatings 73 B. J. Harder and D. Zhu An Yb2Si2O7 Oxidation Resistance Coating for C/C Composites by Supersonic Plasma Spray 85 Lingjun Guo, Minna Han, Hejun Li, Kezhi Li, and Qiangang Fu FUNCTIONALLY GRADED COATINGS AND INTERFACES Development of Oxide Ceramic APS Coatings for Microwave Absorption 93 M. Floristän, P. Müller, A. Gebhardt, A. Killinger, R. Gadow, A. Cardella, and C. Li THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS Hot Corrosion of Potential Thermal Barrier Coating Material (Sm1-xYbx)2Zr2O7 by V205 and Na2SO4 109 Jia-Hu Ouyang, Sa Li, Zhan-Guo Liu, and Yu Zhou Variation of Creep Properties and Interfacial Roughness in Thermal Barrier Coating Systems 129 P. Seiler, M. Baker, and J. Rosier MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS: ULTRA HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMICS (UHTCS) AND NANOLAMINATED TERNARY CARBIDES AND NITRIDES (MAX PHASES) Temperature and Strain-Rate Dependent Plasticity of ZrB2 Composites from Hardness Measurements 139 J. Wang, F. Giuliani, and L.J. Vandeperre Nano-Crystalline Ultra High Temperature HfB2 and HfC Powders and Coatings Using a Sol-Gel Approach 151 S. Venugopal, A. Paul, B. Vaidhyanathan, J. Binner, A. Heaton, and P. Brown Pressureless Sintering and Hot-Pressing of Ti2AIN Powders Obtained by SHS Process 161 L. Chlubny, J. Lis, M. M. Bucko, and D. Kata Diffraction Study of Self-Recovery in Decomposed AI2Ti05 during Vacuum Annealing 169 I. M. Low and W. K. Pang Kinetics of Phase Decomposition in Ti4AIN3 and Ti2AIN--A Comparative Diffraction Study 177 W. K. Pang, R. I. Smith, V. K. Peterson, and I. M. Low Author Index 187

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Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society''s 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 23-28, 2011. This issue includes papers presented in the 5th International Symposium on Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Structural and Multifunctional Materials and Systems on topics such as Design-Oriented Manufacturing and Novel Forming and Sintering. Papers from a special session held in honor of Katsutoshi Komeya of Yokohama National University, Japan are also included.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi Seeds Innovation and Bearing Applications of Silicon Nitride Ceramics 1 Katsutoshi Komeya Comparison of Microwave and Conventionally Sintered Yttria Doped Zirconia Ceramics and Hydroxyapatite-Zirconia Nanocomposites 17 Mark R. Towler, Stuart Hampshire, Colin J. Reidy, Declan J. Curran, and Thomas J. Fleming Recent Developments in High Thermal Conductivity Silicon Nitride Ceramics 27 You Zhou, Kiyoshi Hirao, Hideki Hyuga, and Dai Kusano Microstructure Maps for Unidirectional Freezing of Particle Suspensions 35 Rainer Oberacker, Thomas Waschkies, and Michael J. Hoffmann Interactions of Si3N4-Based Ceramics in Water Environment Under Sub-Critical Conditions 45 Pavol Sajgalik, Dagmar Galuskovä, Miroslav Hnatko, and Dusan Galusek Smart Recycling of Composite Materials 59 Makio Naito, Hiroya Abe and Akira Kondo, Masashi Miura and Norifumi Isu, and Takahiro Ohmura High Thermal Conductivity and High Strength Sintered Reaction - Bonded Silicon Nitride Ceramics Fabricated by Using Low Grade Si Powder 67 Dai Kusano, Shigeru Adachi, Gen Tanabe, Hideki Hyuga, You Zhou, and Kiyoshi Hirao Electrical Conductive CNT-Dispersed Si3N4 Ceramics with Double Percolation Structure 77 Sara Yoshio, Junichi Tatami, Toru Wakihara, Tomohiro Yamakawa, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Takeshi Meguro Fabrication of CNT-Dispersed Si3N4 Ceramics by Mechanical Dry Mixing Technique 83 Atsushi Hashimoto, Sara Yoshio, Junichi Tatami, Hiromi Nakano, Toru Wakihara, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Takeshi Meguro Joining of Silicon Nitride Long Pipe by Local Heating 89 Mikinori Hotta, Naoki Kondo, and Hideki Kita Joining of Silicon Nitride with Pyrex Glass by Microwave Local Heating 93 Naoki Kondo, Hideki Hyuga, Mikinori Hotta, Hideki Kita, and Kiyoshi Hirao Mechanical Properties of Chemical Bonded Phosphate Ceramics with Fly Ash as Filler 97 H. A. Colorado, C. Daniel, C. Hiel, H. T. Hahn, and J. M. Yang Ceramics Micro Processing of Photonic Crystals: Geometrical Patterning of Tiania Dispersed Polymer for Terahertz Wave Control 109 Soshu Kirihara, Satoko Tasaki, Toshiki Niki, and Noritoshi Ohta Intergranular Properties and Structural Fractal Analysis of BaTiO3-Ceramics Doped by Rare Earth Additives 121 V. V. Mitic, V. Pavlovic, V. Paunovic, J. Purenovic, Lj. Kocic, S. Jankovic, I. Antolovic, and D. Rancic Development of Numerical Method for Evaluating Microstructural Fracture in Smart Materials 133 Hisashi Serizawa, Tsuyoshi Hajima, Seigo Tomiyama, and Hidekazu Murakawa Fabrication of Ceramic Dental Crowns by Using Stereolithography and Powder Sintering Process 141 Satoko Tasaki, Soshu Kirihara, and Taiji Soumura Large-Sized Structural Ceramic Manufacturing by the Shaping of Thixotropic Slurries 147 Eugene Medvedovski Oriented Alumina Ceramics Prepared from Colloidal Processing in Magnetic Field 159 Satoshi Tanaka, Atsushi Makiya, and Keizo Uematsu Densification Mechanisms of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Based Amorphous Powders by Electric Current Assisted Sintering Process 165 Tatsuo Kumagai and Kazuhiro Hongo Microstructure Control of Si3N4 Ceramics Using Nanocomposite Particles Prepared by Dry Mechanical Treatment 177 Junichi Tatami, Makoto Noguchi, Hiromi Nakano, Toru Wakihara, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Takeshi Meguro Author Index 183

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Book SynopsisThis book is a collection of papers from The American Ceramic Society's 35th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 23-28, 2011.Table of ContentsPreface ix Introduction xi CARBON MATERIALS AND FUEL CERAMICS Irradiation-Induced Dimensional Change and Fracture Behavior of C/C Composites for VHTR Application 3 Junya Sumita, Taiju Shibata, Kazuhiro Sawa, Ichiro Fujita, Jun Ohashi, Kentaro Takizawa, W. Kim, and J. Park R&D and Irradiation Plans for New Nuclear Grade Graphites for Application to VHTR 13 Kentaro Takizawa, Kazuyuki Kakehashi, Toshiaki Fukuda, Tohru Kida, Kazuhiro Sawa, Junya Sumita, Yutai Katoh, and Lance L. Snead CRYSTALLINE, AMORPHOUS, AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR WASTE IMMOBILIZATION Functionalized Silica Aerogels: Advanced Materials to Capture and Immobilize Radioactive Iodine 23 J. Matyas, G. E. Fryxell, B. J. Busche, K. Wallace, and L. S. Fifield Layered Double Hydroxides for Anion Capture and Storage 33 J. Phillips and L. J. Vandeperre Bottom-Up Design of a Cement for Nuclear Waste Encapsulation 41 T. Zhang, L. J. Vandeperre, and C. Cheeseman FUEL CERAMICS AND IRRADIATION EFFECTS Microstructural Analysis of Secondary Phases in Silicon Carbide Fabricated with SiC Nano-Powder and Sintering Additives 53 Takaaki Koyanagi, Sosuke Kondo, and Tatsuya Hinoki Measurements of Irradiation Creep Strain in Silicon Carbide Irradiated with Silicon Ions 63 S. Kondo, T. Koyanagi, T. Hinoki, and O. Hashitomi JOINING AND INTEGRATION OF CERAMIC STRUCTURES Preliminar Results on Joining of Thin SiC/SiC Composites by Silicides Compounds and Local Heating 73 Elodie Jacques, Laurence Maille, Yann Lepetitcorps, Christophe Lorrette, and Cedric Sauder Joining of NITE SiC/SiC Composite and Tungsten for Nuclear Applications 85 H. Kishimoto, T. Abe, T. Shibayama, J. S. Park, H. C. Jung, Y. Kohno, and A. Kohyama PROCESSING Integrated R & D of SiC Matrix Ceramic Composites for Energy/Environmental Application 95 Akira Kohyama, Y. Kohno, H. Kishimoto, J. S. Park, H. C. Jung, and K. Shimoda Effects of Two-Step Sintering on Densification and Performance of Near-Net Shaped NITE-SiC/SiC Composites 103 N. Nakazato, H. Kishimoto, K. Shimoda, Y. Kohno, and A. Kohyama CERAMICS FOR ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION, STORAGE, AND DISTRIBUTION Ceramic Processing for Dense Magnesium Diboride 111 C. E. J. Dancer, R. I. Todd, and C. R. M. Grovenor Investigation on Phase Transformation of YBCO-ln2O3 Composite Superconductor Cooled Down via Different Routes 121 Y. M. Z. Ahmed., M. S. Hassan, and H. Abd-Elatif Morphologies and Electrochemical Capacitor Behaviors of Co(OH)2/Polyaniline Composite Films 141 Hiroshi Itahara and Tetsuro Kobayashi Optimization of Spark-Plasma-Sintering Conditions for Maximizing Figure of Merit of La-Doped SrTiO3 151 Asami Kikuchi, Sidney Lin, Noriyuki Okinaka, and Tomohiro Akiyama ADVANCED MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES Design of (Thio) Phosphates for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries 161 Stefan Adams, Rayavarapu Prasada Rao Lithium Ion Conductive Solid Electrolyte with Porous/Dense Bi-Layer Structure for All Solid State Battery 177 Kiyoshi Kanamura, Ryo Oosone, Hirokazu Munakata, and Masashi Kotobuki Autogenic Reactions for Fabricating Lithium Battery Electrode Materials 185 Vilas G. Pol and M. M. Thackeray Author Index 195

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Book SynopsisCurrent demand in biomedical sciences emphasizes the understanding of basic mechanisms and problem solving rather than rigid empiricism and factual recall. Knowledge of the basic laws of mass and momentum transport as well as model development and validation, biomedical signal processing, biomechanics, and capstone design have indispensable roles in the engineering analysis of physiological processes. To this end, an introductory, multidisciplinary text is a must to provide the necessary foundation for beginning biomedical students.Assuming no more than a passing acquaintance with molecular biology, physiology, biochemistry, and signal processing, Biomedical Engineering Principles, Second Edition provides just such a solid, accessible grounding to this rapidly advancing field. Acknowledging the vast range of backgrounds and prior education from which the biomedical field draws, the organization of this book lends itself to a tailored course specific to the exTrade ReviewPraise for the Previous Edition"[Provides] not only an in-breadth overview on current BME fields, but also an in-depth analysis of specific selected topics that are supported by appropriate mathematical models, equations, quantitative data charts and tables."—Biomedical Engineering Online, 2005"For university faculty, [this] book is an excellent textbook for a class. Each chapter contains numerous examples and contains many figures to enhance learning. References and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Problems are included at the end of chapters, where they will best test the student's knowledge. ..."For practicing engineers without biomedical engineering background, the book provides an excellent resource to explain the many intricacies of biomedical engineering and provides sufficient background material to make the subject understandable."—Richard C. Fries, PE, CRE, Baxter Healthcare, Inc., in IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, December 2006"This book is written at a reasonably high scientific level; it employs mathematics, basic physics, chemistry, and thermodynamics of the main medical processes. It is well illustrated with figures, schemes, various plots, and mathematical equations. This book will definitely be useful for biochemists, biophysicists, and specialists in cell biology and medicine."—G. Ya. Wiederschain, Doctor of Biological Science, Moscow State University, RussiaTable of ContentsIntroduction: Modeling of Physiological Processes. Cell Physiology and Transport. Principles and Biomedical Applications of Hemodynamics. A Systems Approach to Physiology. The Cardiovascular System. Biomedical Signal Processing. Signal Acquisition and Processing. Techniques for Physiological Signal Processing. Examples of Physiological Signal Processing. Principles of Biomechanics. Practical Applications of Biomechanics. Biomaterials. Principles of Biomedical Capstone Design. Unmet Clinical Needs. Entrepreneurship: Reasons why Most Good Designs Never Get to Market. An Engineering Solution in Search of a Biomedical Problem to Solve. Tissue Engineering. Future Trends in BME.

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Book SynopsisA Practical Guide from Top-Level Industry ScientistsAs advanced teaching and training in the development of cementitious materials increase, the need has emerged for an up-to-date practical guide to the field suitable for graduate students and junior and general practitioners.Get the Best Use of Different Techniques and Interpretations of the ResultsThis edited volume provides the cement science community with a state-of-the-art overview of analytical techniques used in cement chemistry to study the hydration and microstructure of cements. Each chapter focuses on a specific technique, not only describing the basic principles behind the technique, but also providing essential, practical details on its application to the study of cement hydration. Each chapter sets out present best practice, and draws attention to the limitations and potential experimental pitfalls of the technique. Databases that supply examples and that suppoTrade Review"If we want to develop a true science of Portland cement and concrete we must rely on reliable test methods. This is what this book does. …A must in any laboratory involved in Portland cement and concrete characterization."—Pierre-Claude Aïtcin, Professor Emeritus Université de Sherbrooke, Canada"The book is written on a high scientific level. … It incorporates all advanced testing techniques which are used in modern well-equipped laboratories."—Hans W. Reinhardt, Professor Emeritus University of Stuttgart, Germany"This book introduces detailed processes of micro-analyses which are useful for both researchers and practitioners. … The microstructural analysis of cementitious materials is being developed rapidly and is popular among industries and academia. The contents are very timely and can be expected to serve many engineers."—Koichi Maekawa, The University of Tokyo, JapanTable of ContentsSample Preparation. Calorimetry. Chemical Shrinkage. X-Ray Powder Diffraction Thermogravimetric Analysis. High-Resolution Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry. Electron Microscopy. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry. Laser Diffraction and Gas Adsorption Techniques. Ternary Phase Diagrams

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Book SynopsisYou are surrounded by stickiness. With every step you take, air molecules cling to you and slow you down; the effect is harder to ignore in water. When you hit the road, whether powered by pedal or engine, you rely on grip to keep you safe. The Post-it note and glue in your desk drawer. The non-stick pan on your stove. The fingerprints linked to your identity. The rumbling of the Earth deep beneath your feet, and the ice that transforms waterways each winter. All of these things are controlled by tiny forces that operate on and between surfaces, with friction playing the leading role. In Sticky, Laurie Winkless explores how friction shapes both the manufactured and natural worlds, and describes how our understanding of surface science has given us an ability to manipulate stickiness, down to the level of a single atom. But this apparent success doesn't tell the whole story. Each time humanity has pushed the boundaries of science and engineering, we've discovered that friction still hTrade ReviewI am in awe of Laurie Winkless: of her ability to take something as seemingly plain as a tire, as overlooked as the dimples on a golf ball, and produce from it a surprising, fascinating narrative, one that effortlessly reveals the astonishing science of the world around us. * Mary Roach, author of Stiff and Fuzz *An absolutely wild ride ... bright and interesting. [Sticky] is a book for the 2020s ... truly great popular science for anyone who wants to know more about how we interact with our world -- young or old, beginner or experienced scientist. * Nature *Through a wide range of topics, including some that are likely to be less well known, Sticky offers readers an insider’s guide to the secret science of surfaces. * Science *A beautifully-written, utterly fascinating book that had me glued throughout. Like the very best science writing, Sticky helps you see the world from a different perspective. I couldn't recommend it more. * Angela Saini, science journalist and author *If you’ve ever wondered why some glues work better than others, or been puzzled why there are so many different types of car tire, or been amazed at the ease in which a gecko can run up the wall, then this wonderful book is for you. * Mark Miodownik, author of Stuff Matters *The excellence of [Sticky] shines through. Stickiness may not be something that we often think of as a science issue, but Winkless both shows how interesting it can be, and also how much there is still to learn in this topic that affects all our everyday lives. * Brian Clegg, PopScienceBooks *An enthusiastic exploration of how surfaces interact. * Nature *Table of ContentsHello 1 To Stick or Not to Stick 2 A Gecko’s Grip 3 Gone Swimming 4 Flying High 5 Hit the Road 6 These Shaky Isles 7 Break the Ice 8 The Human Touch 9 Close Contact Further Reading Acknowledgements Index

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Book SynopsisThe technique of Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) is a powerful experimental tool for extracting temporal and spatial information at the nanoscale from both soft and hard condensed matter systems. However, while seemingly simple, the method is beset with sensitivities that, if ill considered, can hinder data interpretation and possibly publication. By highlighting key theoretical and data evaluation aspects of the technique, this specialised ‘primer style’ training resource encourages research success by guiding new researchers through a typical QENS experiment; from planning and sample preparation considerations to data reduction and subsequent analysis. Research examples are referenced throughout to illustrate the concepts addressed, with the book being written in such a way that it remains accessible to chemists, biologists, physicists, and materials scientists.Table of ContentsIf You Read Nothing Else...; What is QUENS?; Which Spectrometer Should I Choose?; Facility Access; The Measurement; Data Reduction; Elastic and Inelastic Fixed Window Scans; S(Q,ω) and I(Q,t); And Finally

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Book SynopsisThis popular science title covers adhesion science in an easily accessible entertaining manner. As well as outlining types of adhesion and their importance in everyday life, the book covers interesting future applications of adhesion and inspiration taken from nature. Ideal for students and the scientifically minded reader this book provides a fascinating introduction to the science of what makes things stick.Trade ReviewThe reason this book is excellent is that we totally under-appreciate how important adhesives are in our everyday lives. -- Brian Clegg * Popular Science *Table of ContentsIntroduction; Background Ideas; Sticking like a Gecko; How Stuck is Stuck?; Strong Adhesion; Strong Adhesion with Weak Polymers; Sticking Other Things Together; Watching Paint Dry; Sticking in 3D; Not Sticking; How Nature Sticks Things

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Book SynopsisElectrolytes are indispensable components in electrochemistry and the fast-growing electrochemical energy storage markets. Research in electrolytes has witnessed exponential growth in recent years, accompanied by their applications in the most popular electrochemical cell ever invented, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In myriads of LIBs, electrolytes and their interphases determine how high the voltage of a battery is, how many times it can be charged/discharged, or how rapid the energy stored therein could be released. The conquest of further technical challenges around safety, life and cost-effectiveness of lithium-based or beyond-lithium batteries requires in-depth understanding of electrolytes and interphases. This will be the authoritative textbook for those entering the field. Chapters will establish the fundamental principles for the field, before moving onto important knowledge acquired in recent years. There will be special emphasis on linking these fundamentals to real-world problems encountered in devices, especially lithium-ion batteries. The book will be suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrochemical energy storage, electrochemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as researchers new to the subject.Table of ContentsWhat is an Electrolyte?;Modern Electrolytes;In Bulk Electrolytes: Ionics;Quantification of Ion–Ion Interaction: Debye-Hückel Theory;Ion Transport in Electrolytes; When Electrolyte Meets Electrodes: Interface;Linking Ionics with Electrodics;When Electrode Operates Beyond Electrolyte Stability Limits: Interphase;Electrochemical Devices;Lithium-metal, Lithium-ion and Other Batteries;Phase Diagrams of Liquid Electrolytes;Ion Solvation;Static Stability of Electrolytes;Ion Transport;Interfaces;Interphases;New Concepts and Tools;Outlook

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive guide to engineering materials used in the workshop, for processes such as milling, welding, and lathe and bench-work. Designed for the general enthusiast or amateur engineer, Engineering Materials provides in-depth information on the functions and limitations of commonly used metals, and valuable advice on material selection. With detailed diagrams and photographs throughout, the book covers: a history of engineering materials, and the forming and behaviour of a range of ferrous and non-ferrous metals; the practical application of materials in engineering and case studies on steam locomotive boilers, model aero engines and classic two-stroke motorcycle engines.

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Book SynopsisScience and art are increasingly interconnected in the activities of the study and conservation of works of art. Science plays a key role in cultural heritage, from developing new analytical techniques for studying the art, to investigating new ways of preserving the materials for the future. For example, high resolution multispectral examination of paintings allows art historians to view underdrawings barely visible before, while the use of non-invasive and micro-sampling analytical techniques allow scientists to identify pigments and binders that help art conservators in their work. It also allows curators to understand more about how the artwork was originally painted. Through a series of case studies written by scientists together with art historians, archaeologists and conservators, Science and Art: The Painted Surface demonstrates how the cooperation between science and humanities can lead to an increased understanding of the history of art and to better techniques in conservation. The examples used in the book cover paintings from ancient history, Renaissance, modern, and contemporary art, belonging to the artistic expressions of world regions from the Far East to America and Europe. Topics covered include the study of polychrome surfaces from pre-Columbian and medieval manuscripts, the revelation of hidden images below the surface of Van Gogh paintings and conservation of acrylic paints in contemporary art. Presented in an easily readable form for a large audience, the book guides readers into new areas uncovered by the link between science and art. The book features contributions from leading institutions across the globe including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Art Institute of Chicago; Getty Conservation Institute; Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Firenze; National Gallery of London; Tate Britain; Warsaw Academy of Fine Art and the National Gallery of Denmark as well as a chapter covering the Thangka paintings by Nobel Prize winner Richard Ernst.Trade ReviewThis volume shows a global solution to a long-discussed problem: how to get scientists, art historians and conservators working together. The book presents a host of projects where collaboration has allowed all of these groups to learn from one another. Some chapters describe the science and techniques, useful for scientists wishing to work in a similar setting; others focus on the art, showing how the results of scientific studies have led to a deeper understanding of a corpus of artifacts, linking to particular cultural traditions.Science and art also provides an excellent read for art historians, who will instantly recognise the famous pieces that have been studied, while giving them insight into how a painting was constructed, what it is made from, or how the colours would have looked when they were freshly painted. -- Catherine Emma Nicholson * Chemistry World *Although aimed at both scholars and students, the book is more than just technical descriptions: it also covers art history and provenance and should appeal to those who appreciate art, not just artists and curators. Several chapters of interest to those who appreciate applications of analytical science to works of art representing their personal interests. This book could be an inspiration for courses titled Chemistry for Artists and Art Historians. In addition, various chapters could be inspiration for student research projects, especially for contemporary art. Science and Art is recommended for students, teachers, and the general public who are interested in chemistry or other sciences and art, as well as applications of the former to the latter. -- Robert E. Buntrock * Journal of Chemical Education *This volume shows a global solution to a long-discussed problem: how to get scientists, art historians and conservators working together. The book presents a host of projects where collaboration has allowed all of these groups to learn from one another.Some chapters describe the science and techniques, useful for scientists wishing to work in a similar setting; others focus on the art, showing how the results of scientific studies have led to a deeper understanding of a corpus of artifacts, linking to particular cultural traditions.Unsurprisingly, given the editorial board of the book, Science and art gives the reader an overview of the diverse range of projects that Charisma (cultural heritage advanced research, a multidisciplinary conservation and restoration project) researchers have been involved with. The book shows a number of analytical techniques that are now becoming essential in conservation science. Charisma researchers, along with other scientific experts, used their expertise to reveal hidden depths in many famous works.The book discusses various techniques, focusing on non-invasive methods such as infrared reflectance, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence and multispectral imaging as well as the more exotic synchrotron x- ray analysis.Science and art also provides an excellent read for art historians, who will instantly recognise the famous pieces that have been studied, while giving them insight into how a painting was constructed, what it is made from, or how the colours would have looked when they were freshly painted.I was struck by the editors’ choice not to only focus on European works, but to take a worldwide view, including chapters on Mayan manuscripts, Tibetan paintings and Japanese panels. This clearly shows that this blossoming research area requires even more bridges to be built, spanning research communities and forging stronger links between them. -- Catherine Emma Nicholson * Chemistry World *Table of ContentsScience and Art - My Two Passions; Study and Laser Uncovering of Hypogean Early Christian Wall Painting of Roma’s Catacombs of Santa Tecla and Domitilla; Scientific Examination for the Investigation and Conservation of Far East Asian Mural Paintings; Maya Mural Paintings in Calakmul: Pictorial Technique and Conservation; The Colours of Indigenous Memory: Non-Invasive Analyses of Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican Codices; Material Study of the Codex Colombino; Unveiling the Artistic Technique of the Florentine Codex: When the Old World and The New World Met; Colour In Medieval Portuguese Manuscripts: Between Beauty and Meaning; The Wall Paintings of the Monumental Cemetery of Pisa: The War, the Restoration, the Conservation;The Chemistry and Chemical Investigation of the Transition from Egg Tempera Painting To Oil In Italy In The 15th Century; Multi-Criterial Studies of The Masterpiece ‘The Last Judgement’, A Triptych Attributed To Hans Memling, At The National Museum of Gdańsk (2010-2013); Science and Conservation the Florentine O.P.D. and Raphael’s Madonna of The Goldfinch; Underdrawing In the Renaissance Paintings; An Integrated Approach To The Study and Preservation of Paintings Using Laser Light Technology; Diagnosis, Analysis and Cleaning; « Mens Agitat Molem »: New Insights into Nicolas Poussin’s Painting Technique by X-Ray Diffraction and Fluorescence Analyses; Japanese Painting of the Eighteen Century; As Time Passed By Came Sunset. Christen Købke’s View of Lake Sortedam, Its Genesis and Colour Changes; Examination of Vincent Van Gogh’s Paintings and Pigments by Means of State-of-The-Art Analytical Methods; A Vibrant Surface: Investigating Color, Texture and Transparency in Winslow Homer’s Watercolors; After The Fact; Evaluating Our Interdisciplinary Study of Mondrian’s Victory Boogie Woogie; Argentinean Murals: Conservation and Characterization of Pictorial Techniques; Material and Technical Studies of Some Paintings by Candido Portinari, A Major Brazilian Modernist Painter; Modern Painted Palimpsests. Deciphering the Artworks of Osvaldo Licini; The Burri Project: Researches for Technique and Conservation; John Hoyland: A British Master of Acrylic Painting; Outdoor Painted Surfaces in Contemporary Art; The Elusive and Transitory Materials in Contemporary Drawings;

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Book SynopsisChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Flint – The Material of Evolution.- Chapter 3. Clay – The Material of Life.- Chapter 4. Iron – The Material of Industry.- Chapter 5. Gold – The Material of Empire.- Chapter 6. Glass – The Material of Clarity.- Chapter 7. Cement – The Material of Grandeur.- Chapter 8. Rubber – The Material of Possibilities.- Chapter 9. Polyethylene – The Material of Chance.- Chapter 10. Aluminum – The Material of Flight.- Chapter 11. Silicon – The Material of Information.- Conclusion.

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Book SynopsisNow in its second edition, this continues to serve as an ideal textbook for introductory courses on materials characterization, based on the author's experience in teaching advanced undergraduate and postgraduate university students. The new edition retains the successful didactical concept of introductions at the beginning of chapters, exercise questions and an online solution manual. In addition, all the sections have been thoroughly revised, updated and expanded, with two major new topics (electron backscattering diffraction and environmental scanning electron microscopy), as well as fifty additional questions - in total about 20% new content. The first part covers commonly used methods for microstructure analysis, including light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, as well as scanning probe microscopy. The second part of the book is concerned with techniques for chemical analysis and introduces X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, fluorescence X-ray spectroscopy and such popular surface analysis techniques as photoelectron and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. This section concludes with the two most important vibrational spectroscopies (infra-red and Raman) and the increasingly important thermal analysis. The theoretical concepts are discussed with a minimal involvement of mathematics and physics, and the technical aspects are presented with the actual measurement practice in mind. Making for an easy-to-read text, the book never loses sight of its intended audience.Table of Contents1 Light Microscopy 1 1.1 Optical Principles 1 1.1.1 Image Formation 1 1.1.2 Resolution 3 1.1.2.1 Effective Magnification 5 1.1.2.2 Brightness and Contrast 5 1.1.3 Depth of Field 6 1.1.4 Aberrations 7 1.2 Instrumentation 9 1.2.1 Illumination System 9 1.2.2 Objective Lens and Eyepiece 13 1.2.2.1 Steps for Optimum Resolution 15 1.2.2.2 Steps to Improve Depth of Field 15 1.3 Specimen Preparation 15 1.3.1 Sectioning 16 1.3.1.1 Cutting 16 1.3.1.2 Microtomy 17 1.3.2 Mounting 17 1.3.3 Grinding and Polishing 19 1.3.3.1 Grinding 19 1.3.3.2 Polishing 21 1.3.4 Etching 23 1.4 Imaging Modes 26 1.4.1 Bright-Field and Dark-Field Imaging 26 1.4.2 Phase-Contrast Microscopy 27 1.4.3 Polarized-Light Microscopy 30 1.4.4 Nomarski Microscopy 35 1.4.5 Fluorescence Microscopy 37 1.5 Confocal Microscopy 39 1.5.1 Working Principles 39 1.5.2 Three-Dimensional Images 41 References 45 Further Reading 45 2 X-Ray Diffraction Methods 47 2.1 X-Ray Radiation 47 2.1.1 Generation of X-Rays 47 2.1.2 X-Ray Absorption 50 2.2 Theoretical Background of Diffraction 52 2.2.1 Diffraction Geometry 52 2.2.1.1 Bragg’s Law 52 2.2.1.2 Reciprocal Lattice 53 2.2.1.3 Ewald Sphere 55 2.2.2 Diffraction Intensity 58 2.2.2.1 Structure Extinction 60 2.3 X-Ray Diffractometry 62 2.3.1 Instrumentation 62 2.3.1.1 System Aberrations 64 2.3.2 Samples and Data Acquisition 65 2.3.2.1 Sample Preparation 65 2.3.2.2 Acquisition and Treatment of Diffraction Data 65 2.3.3 Distortions of Diffraction Spectra 67 2.3.3.1 Preferential Orientation 67 2.3.3.2 Crystallite Size 68 2.3.3.3 Residual Stress 69 2.3.4 Applications 70 2.3.4.1 Crystal-Phase Identification 70 2.3.4.2 Quantitative Measurement 72 2.4 Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction and Scattering 75 2.4.1 Wide-Angle Diffraction 76 2.4.2 Wide-Angle Scattering 79 References 82 Further Reading 82 3 Transmission Electron Microscopy 83 3.1 Instrumentation 83 3.1.1 Electron Sources 84 3.1.1.1 Thermionic Emission Gun 85 3.1.1.2 Field Emission Gun 86 3.1.2 Electromagnetic Lenses 87 3.1.3 Specimen Stage 89 3.2 Specimen Preparation 90 3.2.1 Prethinning 91 3.2.2 Final Thinning 91 3.2.2.1 Electrolytic Thinning 91 3.2.2.2 Ion Milling 92 3.2.2.3 Ultramicrotomy 93 3.3 Image Modes 94 3.3.1 Mass–Density Contrast 95 3.3.2 Diffraction Contrast 96 3.3.3 Phase Contrast 101 3.3.3.1 Theoretical Aspects 102 3.3.3.2 Two-Beam and Multiple-Beam Imaging 105 3.4 Selected-Area Diffraction (SAD) 107 3.4.1 Selected-Area Diffraction Characteristics 107 3.4.2 Single-Crystal Diffraction 109 3.4.2.1 Indexing a Cubic Crystal Pattern 109 3.4.2.2 Identification of Crystal Phases 112 3.4.3 Multicrystal Diffraction 114 3.4.4 Kikuchi Lines 114 3.5 Images of Crystal Defects 117 3.5.1 Wedge Fringe 117 3.5.2 Bending Contours 120 3.5.3 Dislocations 122 References 126 Further Reading 126 4 Scanning Electron Microscopy 127 4.1 Instrumentation 127 4.1.1 Optical Arrangement 127 4.1.2 Signal Detection 129 4.1.2.1 Detector 130 4.1.3 Probe Size and Current 131 4.2 Contrast Formation 135 4.2.1 Electron–Specimen Interactions 135 4.2.2 Topographic Contrast 137 4.2.3 Compositional Contrast 139 4.3 Operational Variables 141 4.3.1 Working Distance and Aperture Size 141 4.3.2 Acceleration Voltage and Probe Current 144 4.3.3 Astigmatism 145 4.4 Specimen Preparation 145 4.4.1 Preparation for Topographic Examination 146 4.4.1.1 Charging and Its Prevention 147 4.4.2 Preparation for Microcomposition Examination 149 4.4.3 Dehydration 149 4.5 Electron Backscatter Diffraction 151 4.5.1 EBSD Pattern Formation 151 4.5.2 EBSD Indexing and Its Automation 153 4.5.3 Applications of EBSD 155 4.6 Environmental SEM 156 4.6.1 ESEM Working Principle 156 4.6.2 Applications 158 References 160 Further Reading 160 5 Scanning Probe Microscopy 163 5.1 Instrumentation 163 5.1.1 Probe and Scanner 165 5.1.2 Control and Vibration Isolation 165 5.2 Scanning Tunneling Microscopy 166 5.2.1 Tunneling Current 166 5.2.2 Probe Tips and Working Environments 167 5.2.3 Operational Modes 168 5.2.4 Typical Applications 169 5.3 Atomic Force Microscopy 170 5.3.1 Near-Field Forces 170 5.3.1.1 Short-Range Forces 171 5.3.1.2 van der Waals Forces 171 5.3.1.3 Electrostatic Forces 171 5.3.1.4 Capillary Forces 172 5.3.2 Force Sensors 172 5.3.3 Operational Modes 174 5.3.3.1 Static Contact Modes 176 5.3.3.2 Lateral Force Microscopy 177 5.3.3.3 Dynamic Operational Modes 177 5.3.4 Typical Applications 180 5.3.4.1 Static Mode 180 5.3.4.2 Dynamic Noncontact Mode 181 5.3.4.3 Tapping Mode 182 5.3.4.4 Force Modulation 183 5.4 Image Artifacts 183 5.4.1 Tip 183 5.4.2 Scanner 185 5.4.3 Vibration and Operation 187 References 189 Further Reading 189 6 X-Ray Spectroscopy for Elemental Analysis 191 6.1 Features of Characteristic X-Rays 191 6.1.1 Types of Characteristic X-Rays 193 6.1.1.1 Selection Rules 193 6.1.2 Comparison of K, L, and M Series 194 6.2 X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry 196 6.2.1 Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy 199 6.2.1.1 Analyzing Crystal 200 6.2.1.2 Wavelength Dispersive Spectra 201 6.2.2 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy 203 6.2.2.1 Detector 203 6.2.2.2 Energy Dispersive Spectra 204 6.2.2.3 Advances in Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy 204 6.2.3 XRF Working Atmosphere and Sample Preparation 206 6.3 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy in Electron Microscopes 207 6.3.1 Special Features 208 6.3.2 Scanning Modes 210 6.4 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis 211 6.4.1 Qualitative Analysis 211 6.4.2 Quantitative Analysis 213 6.4.2.1 Quantitative Analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence 214 6.4.2.2 Fundamental Parameter Method 215 6.4.2.3 Quantitative Analysis in Electron Microscopy 216 References 219 Further Reading 219 7 Electron Spectroscopy for Surface Analysis 221 7.1 Basic Principles 221 7.1.1 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 221 7.1.2 Auger Electron Spectroscopy 222 7.2 Instrumentation 225 7.2.1 Ultrahigh Vacuum System 225 7.2.2 Source Guns 227 7.2.2.1 X-Ray Gun 227 7.2.2.2 Electron Gun 228 7.2.2.3 Ion Gun 229 7.2.3 Electron Energy Analyzers 229 7.3 Characteristics of Electron Spectra 230 7.3.1 Photoelectron Spectra 230 7.3.2 Auger Electron Spectra 233 7.4 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis 235 7.4.1 Qualitative Analysis 235 7.4.1.1 Peak Identification 239 7.4.1.2 Chemical Shifts 239 7.4.1.3 Problems with Insulating Materials 241 7.4.2 Quantitative Analysis 246 7.4.2.1 Peaks and Sensitivity Factors 246 7.4.3 Composition Depth Profiling 247 References 250 Further Reading 251 8 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry for Surface Analysis 253 8.1 Basic Principles 253 8.1.1 Secondary Ion Generation 254 8.1.2 Dynamic and Static SIMS 257 8.2 Instrumentation 258 8.2.1 Primary Ion System 258 8.2.1.1 Ion Sources 259 8.2.1.2 Wien Filter 262 8.2.2 Mass Analysis System 262 8.2.2.1 Magnetic Sector Analyzer 263 8.2.2.2 Quadrupole Mass Analyzer 264 8.2.2.3 Time-of-Flight Analyzer 264 8.3 Surface Structure Analysis 266 8.3.1 Experimental Aspects 266 8.3.1.1 Primary Ions 266 8.3.1.2 Flood Gun 266 8.3.1.3 Sample Handling 267 8.3.2 Spectrum Interpretation 268 8.3.2.1 Element Identification 269 8.4 SIMS Imaging 272 8.4.1 Generation of SIMS Images 274 8.4.2 Image Quality 275 8.5 SIMS Depth Profiling 275 8.5.1 Generation of Depth Profiles 276 8.5.2 Optimization of Depth Profiling 276 8.5.2.1 Primary Beam Energy 278 8.5.2.2 Incident Angle of Primary Beam 278 8.5.2.3 Analysis Area 279 References 282 9 Vibrational Spectroscopy for Molecular Analysis 283 9.1 Theoretical Background 283 9.1.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 283 9.1.2 Origin of Molecular Vibrations 285 9.1.3 Principles of Vibrational Spectroscopy 286 9.1.3.1 Infrared Absorption 286 9.1.3.2 Raman Scattering 287 9.1.4 Normal Mode of Molecular Vibrations 289 9.1.4.1 Number of Normal Vibration Modes 291 9.1.4.2 Classification of Normal Vibration Modes 291 9.1.5 Infrared and Raman Activity 292 9.1.5.1 Infrared Activity 293 9.1.5.2 Raman Activity 295 9.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 297 9.2.1 Working Principles 298 9.2.2 Instrumentation 300 9.2.2.1 Infrared Light Source 300 9.2.2.2 Beamsplitter 300 9.2.2.3 Infrared Detector 301 9.2.2.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra 302 9.2.3 Examination Techniques 304 9.2.3.1 Transmittance 304 9.2.3.2 Solid Sample Preparation 304 9.2.3.3 Liquid and Gas Sample Preparation 304 9.2.3.4 Reflectance 305 9.2.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy 307 9.2.4.1 Instrumentation 307 9.2.4.2 Applications 309 9.3 Raman Microscopy 310 9.3.1 Instrumentation 310 9.3.1.1 Laser Source 311 9.3.1.2 Microscope System 311 9.3.1.3 Prefilters 312 9.3.1.4 Diffraction Grating 313 9.3.1.5 Detector 314 9.3.2 Fluorescence Problem 314 9.3.3 Raman Imaging 315 9.3.4 Applications 316 9.3.4.1 Phase Identification 317 9.3.4.2 Polymer Identification 319 9.3.4.3 Composition Determination 319 9.3.4.4 Determination of Residual Strain 321 9.3.4.5 Determination of Crystallographic Orientation 322 9.4 Interpretation of Vibrational Spectra 323 9.4.1 Qualitative Methods 323 9.4.1.1 Spectrum Comparison 323 9.4.1.2 Identifying Characteristic Bands 324 9.4.1.3 Band Intensities 327 9.4.2 Quantitative Methods 327 9.4.2.1 Quantitative Analysis of Infrared Spectra 327 9.4.2.2 Quantitative Analysis of Raman Spectra 330 References 331 Further Reading 332 10 Thermal Analysis 333 10.1 Common Characteristics 333 10.1.1 Thermal Events 333 10.1.1.1 Enthalpy Change 335 10.1.2 Instrumentation 335 10.1.3 Experimental Parameters 336 10.2 Differential Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry 337 10.2.1 Working Principles 337 10.2.1.1 Differential Thermal Analysis 337 10.2.1.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry 338 10.2.1.3 Temperature-Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry 340 10.2.2 Experimental Aspects 342 10.2.2.1 Sample Requirements 342 10.2.2.2 Baseline Determination 343 10.2.2.3 Effects of Scanning Rate 344 10.2.3 Measurement of Temperature and Enthalpy Change 345 10.2.3.1 Transition Temperatures 345 10.2.3.2 Measurement of Enthalpy Change 347 10.2.3.3 Calibration of Temperature and Enthalpy Change 348 10.2.4 Applications 348 10.2.4.1 Determination of Heat Capacity 348 10.2.4.2 Determination of Phase Transformation and Phase Diagrams 350 10.2.4.3 Applications to Polymers 351 10.3 Thermogravimetry 353 10.3.1 Instrumentation 354 10.3.2 Experimental Aspects 355 10.3.2.1 Samples 355 10.3.2.2 Atmosphere 356 10.3.2.3 Temperature Calibration 358 10.3.2.4 Heating Rate 359 10.3.3 Interpretation of Thermogravimetric Curves 360 10.3.3.1 Types of Curves 360 10.3.3.2 Temperature Determination 362 10.3.4 Applications 362 References 365 Further Reading 365 Index 367

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Book SynopsisA concise, accessible, and up-to-date introduction to solid state physics Solid state physics is the foundation of many of today's technologies including LEDs, MOSFET transistors, solar cells, lasers, digital cameras, data storage and processing. Introduction to Solid State Physics for Materials Engineers offers a guide to basic concepts and provides an accessible framework for understanding this highly application-relevant branch of science for materials engineers. The text links the fundamentals of solid state physics to modern materials, such as graphene, photonic and metamaterials, superconducting magnets, high-temperature superconductors and topological insulators. Written by a noted expert and experienced instructor, the book contains numerous worked examples throughout to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of the concepts and information presented. The text covers a wide range of relevant topics, including propagation of electron and acoustic waves in crystals, electrical conductivity in metals and semiconductors, light interaction with metals, semiconductors and dielectrics, thermoelectricity, cooperative phenomena in electron systems, ferroelectricity as a cooperative phenomenon, and more. This important book: Provides a big picture view of solid state physics Contains examples of basic concepts and applications Offers a highly accessible text that fosters real understanding Presents a wealth of helpful worked examples Written for students of materials science, engineering, chemistry and physics, Introduction to Solid State Physics for Materials Engineers is an important guide to help foster an understanding of solid state physics.Table of ContentsPreface xi Introduction xiii 1 General Impact of Translational Symmetry in Crystals on Solid State Physics 1 1.1 Crystal Symmetry in Real Space 3 1.2 Symmetry and Physical Properties in Crystals 9 1.3 Wave Propagation in Periodic Media and Construction of Reciprocal Lattice 13 1.A Symmetry Constraints on Rotation Axes 18 1.B Twinning in Crystals 20 2 Electron Waves in Crystals 23 2.1 Electron Behavior in a Periodic Potential and Energy Gap Formation 23 2.2 The Brillouin Zone 28 2.3 Band Structure 31 2.4 Graphene 35 2.5 Fermi Surface 40 2.A Cyclotron Resonance and Related Phenomena 43 3 Elastic Wave Propagation in Periodic Media, Phonons, and Thermal Properties of Crystals 51 3.1 Linear Chain of the Periodically Positioned Atoms 51 3.2 Phonons and Heat Capacity 56 3.3 Thermal Vibrations of Atoms in Crystals 59 3.4 Crystal Melting 60 3.5 X-ray and Neutron Interaction with Phonons 61 3.5.1 Debye–Waller Factor 65 3.6 Lattice Anharmonicity 67 3.7 Velocities of Bulk AcousticWaves 69 3.8 Surface AcousticWaves 72 3.A Bose’s Derivation of the Planck Distribution Function 73 4 Electrical Conductivity in Metals 75 4.1 Classical Drude Theory 76 4.2 Quantum–Mechanical Approach 77 4.3 Phonon Contribution to Electrical Resistivity 80 4.4 Defects’ Contributions to Metal Resistivity 82 4.A Derivation of the Fermi-Dirac Distribution Function 84 5 Electron Contribution to Thermal Properties of Crystals 87 5.1 Electronic Specific Heat 87 5.2 Electronic Heat Conductivity and theWiedemann–Franz Law 92 5.3 Thermoelectric Phenomena 94 5.4 Thermoelectric Materials 98 6 Electrical Conductivity in Semiconductors 105 6.1 Intrinsic (Undoped) Semiconductors 105 6.2 Extrinsic (Doped) Semiconductors 110 6.3 p–n Junction 111 6.4 Semiconductor Transistors 117 6.A Estimation of Exciton’s Radius and Binding Energy 120 7 Work Function and Related Phenomena 123 7.1 Work Function of Metals 123 7.2 Photoelectric Effect 126 7.2.1 Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (APRES) 126 7.3 Thermionic Emission 128 7.4 Metal-Semiconductor Junction 131 7.A Image Charge Method 133 7.B A Free Electron Cannot Absorb a Photon 134 8 Light Interaction with Metals and Dielectrics 135 8.1 Skin Effect in Metals 137 8.2 Light Reflection from a Metal 138 8.3 Plasma Frequency 140 8.4 Introduction to Metamaterials 141 8.5 Structural Colors 148 8.A Acoustic Metamaterials 150 9 Light Interaction with Semiconductors 155 9.1 Solar Cells 155 9.1.1 The Grätzel Cell 159 9.1.2 Halide Perovskite Solar Cells 161 9.2 Solid State Radiation Detectors 162 9.2.1 Infrared Detectors 164 9.3 Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) 167 9.4 Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 168 9.5 Semiconductor Lasers 170 9.6 Photonic Materials 173 10 Cooperative Phenomena in Electron Systems: Superconductivity 177 10.1 Phonon-Mediated Cooper Pairing Mechanism 178 10.2 Direct Measurements of the Superconductor Energy Gap 182 10.3 Josephson Effect 184 10.4 Meissner Effect 185 10.5 SQUID 188 10.6 High-Temperature Superconductivity 189 10.A Fourier Transform of the Coulomb Potential 192 10.B The Josephson Effect Theory 193 10.C Derivation of the CriticalMagnetic Field in Type I Superconductors 195 11 Cooperative Phenomena in Electron Systems: Ferromagnetism 197 11.1 Paramagnetism and Ferromagnetism 198 11.2 The Ising Model 204 11.3 Magnetic Structures 205 11.4 Magnetic Domains 207 11.5 Magnetic Materials 210 11.6 Giant Magnetoresistance 211 11.A The Elementary Magnetic Moment of an Electron Produced by its Orbital Movement 214 11.B Pauli Paramagnetism 214 11.C Magnetic DomainWalls 216 12 Ferroelectricity as a Cooperative Phenomenon 219 12.1 The Theory of Ferroelectric Phase Transition 223 12.2 Ferroelectric Domains 227 12.3 The Piezoelectric Effect and Its Application in Ferroelectric Devices 230 12.4 Other Application Fields of Ferroelectrics 233 13 Other Examples of Cooperative Phenomena in Electron Systems 237 13.1 The Mott Metal–Insulator Transition 237 13.2 Classical and Quantum Hall Effects 241 13.3 Topological Insulators 247 13.A Electron Energies and Orbit Radii in the Simplified Bohr Model of a Hydrogen-like Atom 250 Further Reading 253 List of Prominent Scientists Mentioned in the Book 255 Index 265

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