Mining technology and engineering Books

Book SynopsisNatural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context is based on the work from the Saph Pani project (Hindi word meaning potable water). The book aims to study and improve natural water treatment systems, such as River Bank Filtration (RBF), Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), and wetlands in India, building local and European expertise in this field. The project aims to enhance water resources and water supply, particularly in water stressed urban and peri urban areas in different parts of the Indian sub-continent. This project is co-funded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework (FP7) scheme of small or medium scale focused research projects for specific cooperation actions (SICA) dedicated to international cooperation partner countries. Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context provides: an introduction to the concepts of natural water treatment systems (MAR, RBF, wetlands) at national and international level knowledge of the basics of MAR, RBF and wetlands, methods and hydrogeological characterisation an insight into case studies in India and abroad. This book is a useful resource for teaching at Post Graduate level, for research and professional reference.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Natural Water Treatment Systems in the Indian Context: Overview of Bank Filtration in India and the Need for Flood-proof RBF Systems; Lake Bank Filtration for Water Supply in Nainital; Application of Bank Filtration in Aquifers Affected by Ammonium - The Delhi Example; Overview of Managed Aquifer Recharge in India; Groundwater Responses due to Various MAR Structures: Case Studies from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Percolation Tanks as Managed Aquifer Recharge Structures in Crystalline Aquifers - An Example from the Maheshwaram Watershed; Constructed Wetlands and Other Engineered Natural Treatment Systems: India Status Report; Experiences with Laboratory and Pilot Scale Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Sewages and Effluents; Significance of Incorporating Constructed Wetlands to Enhance Reuse of Treated Wastewater in India; Characterization and Performance Assessment of Natural Treatment Systems in a Wastewater Irrigated Micro-watershed: Musi River Case Study; Pre- and Post-Treatment of Bank Filtration and Managed Aquifer Recharge in India: Present and Future; General Framework and Methodology for Selection of Pre- and Post-treatment for Soil Aquifer-based Natural Treatment System; Modelling of Natural Water Treatment Systems in India: Learning from the Saph Pani Case Studies; Developing Integrated Management Plans for Natural Treatment Systems in Urbanised Areas – Case Studies from Hyderabad and Chennai; Application of a Water Quality Guide to Managed Aquifer Recharge in India; Rapid Assessment and SWOT Analysis of Non-technical Aspects of Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems; Viewing Sub-Surface for an Effective Managed Aquifer Recharge from a Geophysical Acumen;

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Book SynopsisAgriculture is expected to face increasing water risks that will impact production, markets, trade and food security - risks that can be mitigated with targeted policy actions on water hotspots. This report develops the hotspot approach, provides an application at the global scale, and presents a mitigation policy action plan. The People’s Republic of China, India and the United States are identified as countries facing the greatest water risks for agriculture production globally. A global simulation shows that, in the absence of action, water risks in Northeast China, Northwest India and the Southwest United States in particular could have significant production, price and trade consequences. Agriculture water risks could also result in broader socio-economic and food security concerns. Farmers, agro food companies, and governments can all play a role in responding to water risks at hotspot locations. A three-tier policy action plan is proposed to confront water risk hotspots, encompassing targeted responses, adapted national policies, strengthened market integration and international collaboration.Table of ContentsForeword and acknowledgements; Executive summary; Addressing water risks in agriculture; Defining and identifying water risks for agriculture; Water risk hotspots and the impact on production, markets and food security; Confronting future water risks

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Book SynopsisTechnical regulation of urban water services: The Portuguese regulatory model of water and wastewater services. An integrated approach; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in England and Wales; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in Australia; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in Denmark; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in Latin America; The German benchmarking experience. An alternative to regulation; The assessment of water services from the point of view of multilateral organizations. The experience of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); Regulation in Spain from the perspective of the urban water services; Reasons that justify the regulation of urban water services in Spain; Can a regulator contribute to solve the problems of the urban water cycle in Spain?; Regulatory models. ConclusionsTable of ContentsTechnical regulation of urban water services: The Portuguese regulatory model of water and wastewater services. An integrated approach; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in England and Wales; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in Australia; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in Denmark; Experiences and conclusions from regulation in Latin America; The German benchmarking experience. An alternative to regulation; The assessment of water services from the point of view of multilateral organizations. The experience of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB); Regulation in Spain from the perspective of the urban water services; Reasons that justify the regulation of urban water services in Spain; Can a regulator contribute to solve the problems of the urban water cycle in Spain?; Regulatory models. Conclusions

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Book SynopsisThis report contributes to the discussion of interconnections between scarce resources by highlighting the nexus between land, water and energy (the LWE nexus). It focuses on a dynamic, integrated, and disaggregated analysis of how land, water and energy interact in the biophysical and economic systems. The report provides projections for the biophysical and economic consequences of nexus bottlenecks until 2060, highlighting that while the LWE nexus is essentially local, there can be significant large-scale repercussions in vulnerable regions, notably on forest cover and in terms of food and water security. The analysis is based on coupling a gridded biophysical systems model with a multi-regional, multi-sectoral dynamic general equilibrium modelling assessment. Numerical insights are provided by investigating a carefully selected set of scenarios that are designed to illustrate the key bottlenecks: one scenario for each resource bottleneck, plus two scenarios that combine all bottlenecks, with and without an overlay of climate change.Table of ContentsPreface; Foreword; Acronyms and abbreviations; The nexus between land, water and energy; A framework for assessing the land-water-energy nexus; Biophysical and economic consequences of the nexus bottlenecks; An integrated look at the nexus bottlenecks

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Book SynopsisThe report, building on a policy dialogue with a range of stakeholders in Korea, analyses how economic policy instruments under the responsibility of the Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport can be adjusted to contribute to water policy objectives. It also investigates how Smart Water Management Korea, an initiative by K-water that combines information and communication technology with water technology, can be harnessed to better contribute to water management in the country. Finally, it identifies some of the limitations of prevalent water allocation regimes which need to be addressed to make the best use of available water resources. Since 1965, the Korean Government has invested heavily in quantitative development strategies to meet water needs, and despite highly variable water availability, this has allowed for and facilitated rapid urbanisation and economic growth. However, several long-term trends are expected to affect the capacity of the current water management system to adequately respond to current and future water risks, such as rapid ageing of the population, fiscal consolidation and climate change. These call for a renewed emphasis on water use efficiency.Table of ContentsNote from the Secretariat; Acronyms and abbreviations; Executive summary; Assessment and recommendations; Water management in Korea at a turning point; Policy, legal and institutional framework for water management in Korea; Economic instruments for water quantity management under the responsibility of MoLIT; Smart Water Management in Korea; Water allocation.

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Book SynopsisGroundwater allocation determines who is able to use groundwater resources, how, when and where. It directly affects the value (economic, ecological, socio-cultural) that individuals and society obtain from groundwater, today and in the future. Building on the 2015 OECD publication Water Resources Allocation: Sharing Risks and Opportunities, this report focuses on groundwater and how its allocation can be improved in terms of economic efficiency, environmental effectiveness and social equity. Drawing on an analysis of groundwater’s distinctive features and nine case studies of groundwater allocation in a range of countries, the report provides practical policy guidance for groundwater allocation in the form of a "health check". This health check can be used to assess the performance of current arrangements and manage the transition towards improved allocation.Table of ContentsForeword; Acronyms; Executive summary; Key information and guidance for groundwater policy: Overview of groundwater resources and prevailing trends; The OECD health check for water resources allocation: Groundwater guidance; Case studies of groundwater allocation in practice: Overview of case studies; A comprehensive allocation regime in Denmark; Managing scarce groundwater resources to ensure long-term supply in Tucson, Arizona; Payments for groundwater recharge to ensure groundwater supply in Kumamoto, Japan; Enforcement challenges and efforts to implement environmental flow requirements in Mexico; Enforcement and budget challenges for groundwater reallocation in the Upper Guadiana Basin, Spain; Long term abstraction limits to conserve groundwater in Texas; The collective management approach for irrigation in France; Co-managing electricity and groundwater allocation in Gujarat, India; Flexibility in allocation through informal water trading in North China.

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Book SynopsisBased on interviews with miners, union and company archives, newspapers, and reports by mine inspectors, this study looks at the tragic link between the dust and radiation of St. Lawrence`s government mines and approximately 200 fatal cases of lung disease and silicosis among former miners. By chronicling the many forces that created this particular disaster and shaped the response to it, this investigation tackles the larger problem of workplace health and safety, addressing the company disregard and government neglect that allow industrial tragedies such as this to happen and the community efforts to gain recognition of health hazards in the mines and obtain adequate compensation for victims and their families.

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Book SynopsisFocusing on the 1990s as a decade of change, all of the collieries and most of the coal fired power stations of that era have now gone. During that decade I made a point of photographing the collieries and power stations, and the trains that moved the coal, and so amassed a large collection of photographs. Being Worksop-based through my railway career, I am able to describe a potted history of Worksop Depot which opened in 1991, commencing with a brief look at the area in the late 1980s and into the 1990s. The run-up to the privatisation of the railways is followed by the new freight companies which brought changes in coal operations, before the wholesale decline in coal production. There are images taken in the Nott's, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Leicestershire, and Staffordshire coalfields. Brief descriptions of each colliery and power station illustrated are given, with maps to show their location, along with power station track diagrams, tables, and coal plans to show where power station coal originated. The book concludes with a few instances of locations that Worksop-based drivers served.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements; Introduction; 1 Worksop in the 1980s and 1990s: The Decades of Change; 2 Declining UK Coal Production; 3 Nottinghamshire Area Collieries; 4 Derbyshire Area Collieries; 5 Yorkshire Area Collieries; 6 Leicestershire and Staffordshire Area Collieries; 7 Power Stations; 8 Three Days at Worksop; Bibliography.

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Book SynopsisA fascinating selection of previously unpublished images documenting the final years of steam on Britain's coalfields, featuring photographs from England, Scotland and Wales.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The Eyes of the World is a groundbreaking, brilliantly written book about Congo’s place in the global economy. Smith places artisanal miners of coltan at the center of his study. Contrary to most popular views of the Congolese as victims of global corporations and brutal state authorities, miners recognize their value as experienced workers who often can protect their interests. . . . Smith deftly weaves insights drawn from an array of anthropological theory with gripping, moving case studies of individual miners and mining sites. . . . Strikingly, Smith shows how Western efforts to crack down on 'blood diamonds' end up, in actuality, to be a tool to weaken the leverage of artisanal miners and allow wily state authorities to cash in on their ability to selectively enforce their will on Congolese workers. This book should be required reading for anyone who wants to understand the Democratic Republic of Congo today." * Choice *"Chock-full of fascinating details on the people and communities that have lived off mining in the chaos of the wars in Congo." * Foreign Affairs *"Beautiful and evocative. . . . Smith produces one of the richest and most thought-provoking ethnographies I have read in a very long time. The Eyes of the World is likely to become an anthropological classic." * Reviews in Anthropology *“Blood minerals: a global cause ‘intended to do one thing, but under the surface, invisible to many, . . . doing something else.’ Smith offers a whirlwind of research on the varied actors who extract coltan—often in the ruins of colonial concessions—making it available to international markets. The Eyes of the World skillfully cuts through metropolitan stereotypes, drawing readers instead into the astounding vortex of the mines.” * Anna Tsing, coeditor of Feral Atlas: The More-than-Human Anthropocene *“A riveting, wonderful potpourri of story, theory, and history. The Eyes of the World hugs closely to people’s lives, words, and theories, vividly unpacking multiple dimensions of movement in the mining of those digital minerals that end up in global devices. One of the most brilliant, important, and utterly teachable ethnographies to appear on Congo in a long time.” * Nancy Rose Hunt, author of A Nervous State: Violence, Reveries, and Remedies in Colonial Congo *“Smith gives us a rare glimpse into the complex dynamics of otherwise largely invisible local worlds that do nonetheless matter on a global scale. A great observer and talented narrator, he convincingly argues how, in the vortex of these Congolese mining worlds, destructive forms of extra-statecraft undid existing socio-cultural assemblages while generating the basis for new transformative orders.” * Filip De Boeck, author of Suturing the City: Living Together in Congo’s Urban Worlds *"Smith’s book is bound to become a classic in the anthropology of mining and the conflict minerals literature. . . . This book is an absolute joy to read and sets the bar very high for future researchers working on the issue of conflict minerals. This is mining anthropology at its very best." * The Journal of Development Studies *Table of ContentsPart One: Orientations Prologue: An Introduction to the Personal, Methodological, and Spatiotemporal Scales of the Project 1. The Eyes of the World: Themes of Movement, Visualization, and (Dis)embodiment in Congolese Digital Minerals Extraction (an Introduction) Part Two: Mining Worlds 2. War Stories: Seeing the World through War 3. The Magic Chain: Interdimensional Movement in the Supply Chain for the “Black Minerals” 4. Mining Futures in the Ruins Part Three: The Eyes of the World on Bisie and the Game of Tags 5. Bisie during the Time of Movement 6. Insects of the Forest 7. The Battle of Bisie 8. Closure 9. Game of Tags: Supply Chain Auditing as Purification Project Conclusion: Chains, Holes, and Wormholes Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisComprehensive guide to what remains of the North East's Mining Heritage

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Book SynopsisProviding broad coverage of radiogenic isotopes, this book explains the basic principles and state-of-the-art techniques used to study them. The major isotopic systems are fully summarised with relation to real-world applications, enabling advanced undergraduate students and industry professionals to maximise the potential value of isotopic datasets.Trade Review'A delightfully refreshing contribution that transcends the often jargon-rich and elusive field of radiogenic isotope geochemistry. It furnishes a digestible précis of the field, encompassing its theory, methods and real-world applications, and constitutes a perfect addition to the library of the student and well-versed geological professional alike.' Geordie Mark, Head, Mining Research, Haywood Securities Inc., British Columbia'Isotopes are a key element in most geological investigations. They are used to determine the ages of rocks and minerals, and the nature of the processes involved in their formation. There is a great need to make both the information available, and perhaps more critically, the problems that can be addressed using isotopes more readily accessible. This book focuses on economic geology, but it will be extremely useful to anyone who wishes to understand and to manipulate isotope data. It's a handy reference that can be dipped into with a particular isotope system in mind. Accessible and clearly written by someone very used to teaching isotope geochemistry to students with a wide range of backgrounds and interests, it will be welcomed by those seeking to make the most of isotopes in economic geology and elsewhere.' Chris Hawkesworth, University of Bristol'Isotope methods provide the explorer with a great tool for investigating the sources, pathways and interactions of, and between, geological materials. This concise reference summarises both the fundamental science of isotope geology and the multitude of ways different systems can be used to aid the explorer. This book is an excellent reference for all levels of industry professionals looking to ensure the robust use of isotope data in practical exploration.' Nic Rosengren, Principal Geologist, Barrick Gold Corporation'Isotope geochemistry is considered by many non-experts to be a formidable topic. This important reference book is a well-written introduction into the complex subject of isotope geochemistry, and provides a useful tool for deciphering the basic principles involved … The first part provides the necessary background about isotopes and isotope geochemistry … The second part … describes how isotope systems can be used to determine geological ages and rates … [it] also provides an in-depth treatment of U-Pb and Pb-Pb geochronology, the most robust geochronometer … [as well as] excellent summaries of Ar geochronology, and illustrates how Re-Os geochronology can be used to date sulfide deposits. The third part … focuses on the use of isotopes as tracers … and ends with an interesting chapter on new developments in radiogenic isotopes. It is not only for industry professionals, but for anyone with a minimal geochemical background, who wants a useful, readable guide to understanding isotope geochemistry in geological systems.' Kaj Hoernle, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel'… plain-talk for the industry.' Holly Stein, AIRIE Program, Colorado State University, and Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of OsloTable of ContentsDedication; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of abbreviations and symbols; Part I. 'How': Isotopes and How They Are Measured: 1. Isotopes and geochemistry; 2. Processes; 3. Mass spectrometry; 4. Stable isotopes; 5. Radioactivity, radioactive decay and isotope systems applied in the geosciences; Part II. 'When': Geological Time, Ages and Rates of Geological Phenomena: 6. Underpinnings of geochronology: background and principles; 7. Isochron geochronology; 8. U-Pb and Pb-Pb geochronology; 9. Argon geochronology; Part III. 'Where': Tracking the Course of Material through the Earth: 10. Isotopes as tracers: general principles; 11. Applications of radiogenic tracers; 12. New developments in radiogenic isotopes; Appendix 1. Conversion between weight % oxide and ppm; Appendix 2. Isotopic abundances; Glossary; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is a revised guide of Alun John Richards'' Gazetteer of Slate Quarrying in Wales of 2007, itself a revision of his first one published in 1991. The guide does not purport to be totally complete although as complete as possible with 769 entries.

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces new solutions for mining tools, unique lubricated holders and mining methods for hard-rock mining using mini-disk tools. In the first part, it describes problems connected with hard-rock mining using traditional mining methods like cutting. Then an alternative for conical pick is discussed, the so-called crown or bell pick and a new solution of a holder for conical picks allowing for tool rotation. These solutions should make it possible to increase the durability of cutting tools. The final part of the book explains a new mining head solution with mini-disk tools and a complex motion trajectory. With this, mining heads can be replaced in currently used roadheaders instead of standard mining heads. This book can be used by employees of the mining industry, manufacturers of mining tools, machines and equipment, as well as employees and students of mining and mechanical faculties of technical universities.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Problems of hard rock mining using cutting tools.- Chapter 3. The hard rock mining using disk tools.- Chapter 4. The crown pick as an alternative for the conical pick.- Chapter 5. Lubricated holder for conical pick.- Chapter 6. The mining head with mini-disk tools with complex motion Trajectory.- Chapter 7. Summary and final comments.

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Book SynopsisToday there is increasing pressure on the water infrastructure and although unsustainable water extraction and wastewater handling can continue for a while, at some point water needs to be managed in a way that is sustainable in the long-term. We need to handle water utilities “smarter”. New and effective tools and technologies are becoming available at an affordable cost and these technologies are steadily changing water infrastructure options. The quality and robustness of sensors are increasing rapidly and their reliability makes the automatic handling of critical processes viable. Online and real-time control means safer and more effective operation. The combination of better sensors and new water treatment technologies is a strong enabler for decentralised and diversified water treatment. Plants can be run with a minimum of personnel attendance. In the future, thousands of sensors in the water utility cycle will handle all the complexity in an effective way. Smart Water Utilities: Complexity Made Simple provides a framework for Smart Water Utilities based on an M-A-D (Measurement-Analysis-Decision). This enables the organisation and implementation of “Smart” in a water utility by providing an overview of supporting technologies and methods. The book presents an introduction to methods and tools, providing a perspective of what can and could be achieved. It provides a toolbox for all water challenges and is essential reading for the Water Utility Manager, Engineer and Director and for Consultants, Designers and Researchers.

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Book SynopsisThis book is at the center of the UN goals of combining environment and economic development with new technologies.First, sustainability in mining is defined as a process of transformation. This is followed by an outlook on the aspects of safety, economy, environmental impact and digital transformation. The book includes a discussion of new aspects such as the problem of liability for mining damages regarding climate change in Peru. Specific technical issues in smart mining are covered as well, such as underground localization systems based on ultra-wide band radio and inertial navigation, or the use of thermal imaging for roof crack detection. In addition, the characterization of material flows, subsurface hydrogen-storage systems and the prediction of mining induced subsidence and uplift are dealt with.The Sustainable Smart Mining and Energy Yearbook is not only aimed at researchers professionals, but at all who want to get an overview of the important technical and legal topics in this field.​Table of ContentsIndustry 4.0 in Mining.­- Mine Sustainability in Mining Understood as a Process of Transformation.- Sustainable Smart Mining - Safe, Economical, Environmental Friendly, Digital.- Mining Damage Liability for Climate Change in Peru?.- China Power – Status Energy, Economy, Environment.- Russia 2020.- Optimisation of an Underground Localization System Based on Ultra-Wideband Radio and Inertial Navigation Through Determination and Evaluation of Influencing Factors.- Roof Crack Detection & Face Material Characterization via Thermal Imaging.- Resource Model Updating and Optimization for Real-Time Mining.- Development of a Data Fusion Model for Material Flow Characterization Using the Example of Gypsum and Anhydrite.- Blue Nodules – Use of Acoustic Emission Technology for an Inline Characterisation of Hydraulic Material Streams.- Blue Mining.- Towards Incorporating Extended Reality Technology in the Education of Mining Professionals.- Prediction of Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence and Uplifts in Germany.

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Book SynopsisThe book is divided into four sections, minerals, crystals, rocks and ores. Section A incorporates nine s, begins with presenting salient features of the earth--its structure and composition. The second Minerals and Mineralogy briefly tells about their diversity and their categorisation and introduces the interesting way they are named. Crystal chemistry the third is the heart and soul of mineralogy and deals in somewhat details about the building blocks of minerals -atoms and ions and the way they form diverse types of minerals are. It tries to tell why every combination of chemical compounds cannot result into a naturally occurring mineral. The fourth and fifth s deal with Properties of Minerals, physical and optical. The s describe various physical properties that are helpful in the identification both in hand specimens and as thin section under the microscope. These two s are adequately aided with a number of illustrations, photographs and photomicrographs to bring home the point. five deals with classification of minerals and their occurrence and forms a prelude to the next two s on descriptive mineralogy. Important silicate and non silicate minerals are described in s eight and nine. A brief description of mineral uses is dealt with in both descriptive mineralogy as well Section D on mineral deposits, however, the last , Mineral uses presents an overall picture and will be interesting as well as educating to students and even general readeSection B is devoted to crystals and crystallography. one introduces the subject while two presents basic crystallographic elements. three deals with the main six crystals systems while also giving a preliminary idea about stereographic projection and x-ray crystallography. Section C covers petrology, beginning with introduction to science of petrology, rock nomenclature. two is devoted to the study of igneous rocks, including their forms, composition, textures, structures, classification and description. Sedimentary rocks is the theme of three while different aspects of metamorphic rocks including kinds and agents of metamorphism and classification and description of metamorphism. The last portion of this also considers metamorphism in the background of global tectonics. five, the rock cycle presents a concise summary of geological events that have shaped the planet earth. The last section D is what geology is all about for a man on the street and its significance in nation building--the Ore minerals. It begins with what ore is and its place in human affairs as a well as presenting the important terminology in economic geology. two deals with ore genesis and presents various hypogene and supergene process that carves out ore deposits from non economic materials. three, mineral deposits and global tectonics is becoming a very popular theme among the earth scientists. A brief introduction of the same will be certainly appreciated by the student community and prompt them for further study in this direction. A general survey of India's mineral resources is the theme of four. It covers almost all of the commonly used ores, metallic, non metallic or fuels. The last of section D and the boom, 'Indian mineral industry: some facts and figures' will present where our country stands in the realm of mineral resources. Latest available data of resources, production, export, import, organisations that matter and other useful facts and figures are presented.Table of ContentsSection I - Minerals: 01: The earth, 02: Minerals and mineralogy, 03: Elements of crystal chemistry, 04: Physical properties of minerals, 05: Optical properties of minerals, 06: Minerals: their classification and occurrence, 07: The silicate minerals, 08: The non-silicate minerals, 09: Mineral uses Section II - Crystals: 01: Introduction, 02: Elements of crystallography, 03: The six crystal systems, 04: Preliminary ideas on stereographic projection and x-ray crystallography Section III - Rocks: 01: Introduction, 02: Igneous rocks, 03: Sedimentary rocks, 04: Metamorphic rocks, 05: The rock cycle. Section IV - Ores: 01: Ore minerals, 02: Genesis of ore deposits, 03: Mineral deposits and global tectonics, 04: Indian mineral deposits, 05: Indian mineral industry: some facts and figures.

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The Eyes of the World is a groundbreaking, brilliantly written book about Congo’s place in the global economy. Smith places artisanal miners of coltan at the center of his study. Contrary to most popular views of the Congolese as victims of global corporations and brutal state authorities, miners recognize their value as experienced workers who often can protect their interests. . . . Smith deftly weaves insights drawn from an array of anthropological theory with gripping, moving case studies of individual miners and mining sites. . . . Strikingly, Smith shows how Western efforts to crack down on 'blood diamonds' end up, in actuality, to be a tool to weaken the leverage of artisanal miners and allow wily state authorities to cash in on their ability to selectively enforce their will on Congolese workers. This book should be required reading for anyone who wants to understand the Democratic Republic of Congo today." * Choice *"Chock-full of fascinating details on the people and communities that have lived off mining in the chaos of the wars in Congo." * Foreign Affairs *"Beautiful and evocative. . . . Smith produces one of the richest and most thought-provoking ethnographies I have read in a very long time. The Eyes of the World is likely to become an anthropological classic." * Reviews in Anthropology *“Blood minerals: a global cause ‘intended to do one thing, but under the surface, invisible to many, . . . doing something else.’ Smith offers a whirlwind of research on the varied actors who extract coltan—often in the ruins of colonial concessions—making it available to international markets. The Eyes of the World skillfully cuts through metropolitan stereotypes, drawing readers instead into the astounding vortex of the mines.” * Anna Tsing, coeditor of Feral Atlas: The More-than-Human Anthropocene *“A riveting, wonderful potpourri of story, theory, and history. The Eyes of the World hugs closely to people’s lives, words, and theories, vividly unpacking multiple dimensions of movement in the mining of those digital minerals that end up in global devices. One of the most brilliant, important, and utterly teachable ethnographies to appear on Congo in a long time.” * Nancy Rose Hunt, author of A Nervous State: Violence, Reveries, and Remedies in Colonial Congo *“Smith gives us a rare glimpse into the complex dynamics of otherwise largely invisible local worlds that do nonetheless matter on a global scale. A great observer and talented narrator, he convincingly argues how, in the vortex of these Congolese mining worlds, destructive forms of extra-statecraft undid existing socio-cultural assemblages while generating the basis for new transformative orders.” * Filip De Boeck, author of Suturing the City: Living Together in Congo’s Urban Worlds *"Smith’s book is bound to become a classic in the anthropology of mining and the conflict minerals literature. . . . This book is an absolute joy to read and sets the bar very high for future researchers working on the issue of conflict minerals. This is mining anthropology at its very best." * The Journal of Development Studies *Table of ContentsPart One: Orientations Prologue: An Introduction to the Personal, Methodological, and Spatiotemporal Scales of the Project 1. The Eyes of the World: Themes of Movement, Visualization, and (Dis)embodiment in Congolese Digital Minerals Extraction (an Introduction) Part Two: Mining Worlds 2. War Stories: Seeing the World through War 3. The Magic Chain: Interdimensional Movement in the Supply Chain for the “Black Minerals” 4. Mining Futures in the Ruins Part Three: The Eyes of the World on Bisie and the Game of Tags 5. Bisie during the Time of Movement 6. Insects of the Forest 7. The Battle of Bisie 8. Closure 9. Game of Tags: Supply Chain Auditing as Purification Project Conclusion: Chains, Holes, and Wormholes Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisThis book provides readers with a solid understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the techniques used for buried object detection.Trade Review"I highly recommend the essential and definitive book Subsurface Sensing edited by Subsurface Sensing, to any students, engineers, practitioners, business leaders, and policy makers seeking a complete overview of the theory, technology, and applications of the critical field of subsurface sensing. This book is a must for anyone with an interest or need for subsurface detection in any area of engineering, resources, business, or scientific research." (Blog Business World, 18 December 2011) Table of ContentsContributors xiii Preface xvii 1 Introduction 1 Relevant Resources 4 References 4 2 Sensor Types 7 2.1 Introduction 7 A. S. Turk 2.2 Ground-Penetrating Radar 8 A. S. Turk 2.3 Electromagnetic Induction Detector 19 A. S. Turk 2.4 Microwave Tomography Method 23 A. A. Vertiy 2.5 Acoustic and Seismic Sensor 29 A. K. Hocaoglu 2.6 Optical Detectors (Infrared and Hyperspectral) 36 A. K. Hocaoglu 2.7 Biochemical Sensors 37 M. Harbeck and Z. Z. Ozturk 2.8 Nuclear Sensors 44 A. N. Bilge References 48 3 Ground-Penetrating Radar 55 3.1 Introduction 55 A. S. Turk 3.2 GPR System Design 57 A. S. Turk 3.3 GPR Hardware 64 A. S. Turk, P. van Genderen, A. G. Yarovoy, and I. Nicolaescu 3.4 GPR Antennas 83 A. S. Turk 3.5 Signal-Processing Techniques 96 A. K. Hocaoglu 3.6 Imaging Algorithms 108 C. Ozdemir 3.7 Numerical Modeling of GPR 122 S. Aksoy, E. Basaran, and E. Ozturk 3.8 Detection and Classification Algorithms 146 A. K. Hocaoglu References 162 4 Electromagnetic Induction 175 H. Ewald 4.1 Introduction to Metal Detectors 175 4.2 Inductive Metal Detectors: Types of Probes, Excitation, and Coil Arrangements 179 4.3 Influence of the Soil Properties 196 4.4 Modeling Inductive Metal Detectors 202 4.5 Advanced Signal-Processing and Pattern Recognition Systems for Metal Detection 211 4.6 Conclusions 223 References 224 5 Microwave Tomography 227 5.1 Overview 227 A. A. Vertiy 5.2 Electromagnetic Tomography 228 F. Soldovieri and L. Crocco 5.3 Multifrequency Tomographic Method 255 A. A. Vertiy and S. Gavrilov 5.4 Diffraction Multiview Tomographic Method in the Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Bands 310 A. O. Salman, A. A. Vertiy, and S. Gavrilov 5.5 Nonlinear Inversion Algorithms 365 L. Crocco and F. Soldovieri References 377 6 Acoustic and Seismic Sensors 387 H. Asanuma 6.1 Overview 387 6.2 Operating Principles and Sensor Physics 389 6.3 Sensor Installation 400 6.4 Multicomponent Techniques 403 6.5 Limitations 408 6.6 Future Prospects 409 References 410 7 Auxiliary Sensors 413 7.1 Overview 413 A. N. Bilge 7.2 Biological and Chemical Methods of Explosive Detection 414 M. Harbeck and Z. Z. Ozturk 7.3 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance 429 G. V. Mozzhukhin and B. Z. Rameev 7.4 X-ray, Gamma-ray, and Neutron Techniques 451 A. N. Bilge 7.5 Electric Impedance Tomography 460 A. S. Turk 7.6 Infrared and Hyperspectral Systems 465 J. E. McFee and S. Achal References 484 8 Multisensor Fusion 501 A. K. Hocaoglu 8.1 Preview 501 8.2 Data Association 503 8.3 Fusion Architectures 503 8.4 Probabilistic Sensor Fusion 505 8.5 Fuzzy Integrals for Information Fusion 513 8.6 Artificial Neural Networks 517 8.7 Summary 523 References 523 9 Geophysical Applications 525 9.1 Introduction 525 E. C. Slob 9.2 Electromagnetic Properties of Soils 526 E. C. Slob, S. Lambot, and E. Pettinelli 9.3 Hydrogeophysics 567 S. Lambot, E. Pettinelli, S. S. Hubbard, E. C. Slob, E. Bloem, and V. E. A. Post 9.4 Contaminant Remediation 600 S. S. Hubbard 9.5 Agricultural Geophysics 618 B. Allred, J. Butnor, D. L. Corwin, R. Eigenberg, H. Farahani, K. H. Johnsen, S. Lambot, D. McInnis, E. Pettinelli, L. Samuelson, and B. Woodbury 9.6 Archaeology and Cultural Heritage 644 E. Pettinelli, P. M. Barone, E. Mattei, A. Di Matteo, and F. Soldovieri References 667 10 Remote Sensing and Security 689 10.1 Introduction 689 A. A. Vertiy 10.2 Through-Wall Imaging and Detection 690 A. A. Vertiy and S. Gavrilov 10.3 Millimeter-WaveBand Passive Imaging 721 A. Denisov and A. A. Vertiy References 740 11 Mine Detection 743 11.1 The Landmine Problem 743 A. G. Yarovoy 11.2 Overview of Demining Techniques 745 A. G. Yarovoy 11.3 Advanced Electromagnetic Induction Sensor 747 A. G. Yarovoy and H. Ewald 11.4 Ground-Penetrating Radar 750 A. G. Yarovoy 11.5 Electrooptical Sensors 753 A. G. Yarovoy 11.6 Chemical Sensor Arrays for Mine Detection 755 Z. Z. Ozturk and M. Harbeck 11.7 Sensor Fusion 757 A. G. Yarovoy 11.8 ALIS: A Handheld Multisensor System for Landmine Detection 758 M. Sato 11.9 Conclusions 769 References 769 12 Transportation and Civil Engineering 773 12.1 Introduction 773 E. Proverbio 12.2 Proper Sensor Types 785 E. Proverbio 12.3 Ground-Penetrating Radar for Road Characterization 795 A. S. Turk and F. Soldovieri 12.4 Eddy Current Tomography for Three-Dimensional Imaging in Conductive Materials 818 A. A. Vertiy 12.5 Ultrasonic Methods for Nondestructive Testing 824 D. Cleland 12.6 Impact Echo 836 E. Proverbio 12.7 Diagnostic Methods for Concrete and Bridges by Acoustic Emission 844 J. Stryk and K. Pospisil 12.8 Vibroacoustic Monitoring of Concrete Structures 860 S. Radkowski 12.9 Application of Nuclear Techniques for Civil Engineering 872 A. N. Bilge References 877 Index 885

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Book SynopsisThis book is on oil and natural gas well logging, and is based on the author's lectures at the University of Southern California. The first seven chapters discuss logging techniques and devices: spontaneous potential, gamma rays, resistivity, density, neutron logs, and acoustic logs.Table of ContentsSome Reasons for Logging Wells. The Spontaneous Potential. The Gamma Ray Log. Resistivity Measurements. The Density Log. The Neutron Log. The Acoustic Log. Introduction to Crossplots. A Look at Formation Factor and Saturation Theory. Development of a Dual-Water Logic. Clay Types and Mineral Distributions. Characteristics of Invasion and Resistivity Profiles. Organic Matter in Source Rocks. Saturations, and Thin Beds. A Method for Calculating Pore Pressures from Well Logs. Secondary Porosity. Pulsed-Neutron Capture Cross-Section Logs. Temperature Surveys. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis graduate text, and Cooper's companion introductory text ('Introduction to the Technology of Explosives'), serve the same markets as the explosives reference by Meyer, now in its 4th edition.Table of ContentsI. Chemistry of Explosives: Organic Chemical Nomenclature/ Oxidation/ Pure Explosives/ Estimating Properties of Explosives/ Decomposition II. Energetics of Explosives: Basic Terms of Thermodynamics/ Thermophysics/Thermochemistry/ Group Addivity/ Reaction Temperature/ Closed Vessel Calculations/ Estimating Detonation Processes III. Shock Waves: Qualitative Description of a Shock Wave/ The Bead Model/ Rankine-Hugoniot Jump Equations/ Interactions of Shock Waves IV. Detonations: Detonations, General Observations/ Real Effects in Explosives V. Theories of Initiation: Nonelectric Initiators/ Hot Wire Initiators/ Exploding Bridgewire Detonations VI. Engineering Applications: Theories of Scaling/ Acceleration, Formation, and Flight of Fragments/ Blast Effects in Air, Water, and on the Human Body/ Scaling Craters/ Jetting, Shaped Charges and Explosive Welding/ Explosive Welding.

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Book SynopsisProvides a description of the thermodynamic model, data treatment procedures and the thermodynamic constants for hydrous ferric oxide. Includes detailed coverage of the model and the parameter extraction procedure.Table of ContentsThe Generalized Two-Layer Model. Experimental Data. Data Compilation and Treatment Methods. Properties of Hydrous Ferric Oxide, Cation Sorption on HydrousFerric Oxide. Anion Sorption on Hydrous Ferric Oxide. Use of the Model and Data Base. The Coulombic Effect. Coherence and Extrapolation of Results. References. Appendices. Author Index. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisAluminum: Technology, Industry, and Applications provides an overview of the processes, practices, and trends associated with the use of aluminum as an engineering material.This resourceful and practical book includes chapters on mining and smelting, ingot and continuous casting, shape casting, hot and cold rolling, extrusion and drawing, forging, and secondary operations. It discusses the factors involved in the selection of product forms, alloy compositions, and temper designations with emphasis on manufacturability, component performance, sustainability, and cost.The book also describes the role of aluminum in aerospace, automotive, trucking, rail, marine, packaging, appliance, and building and infrastructure applications, noting major advancements as well as challenges. It also includes content that traces the development of the aluminum industry from its beginnings to its current state, from the perspective of the individuals and organizations who shaped it.It is for anyone working in or serving the aluminum industry and those who have interest in its past, present, and exciting future.Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction—Aluminum as an Industrial Material Discovery of Aluminum The Washington Monument Origins of the Industry Evolution of the Aluminum Industry Chapter 2: Mining, Refining, Smelting, and Recycling Where Does Aluminum Come From? Refining—The Bayer Process Smelting Primary Aluminum Scrap and Recycling A Visit to the Aluminum Recycling Center Chapter 3: Strengthening and Heat Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Designation Systems Strengthening of Aluminum Crystal Structure and Ductility of Aluminum Alfred Wilm (1869—1973) Temper Designations Microstructure Changes during Annealing Chapter 4: Direct Chill Ingot and Continuous Casting Processes Melting and Alloying Recycling Molten Metal Treatment Control of Inclusions Ingot Grain Refining Direct Chill Casting Direct Chill Ingot Microstructure Continuous Casting Methods Continuous Casters: The Holy Grail for Sheet Production? Chapter 5: Aluminum Shape Casting What Is a Casting? Aluminum Shape-Casting Processes Sand-Mold Casting High-Pressure Die Casting Casting Alloys Al-Si Alloys Casting Quality and Performance Premium Castings Heat Treatment of Cast Products Chapter 6: Production of Aluminum Rolled Products Ingot Preparation Ingot Preheating and/or Homogenization Hot Rolling Aluminum Rolling Mills Plate Production Cold Rolling of Sheet and Foil Finishing Operations Lithographic Sheet Thick Heat-Treated Plate Chapter 7: Production of Aluminum Extrusion and Wire Drawing Extrusion Process Extrusion Alloys and Process Hollows and Tubes Cold-Finished Rod and Bar Free-Machining Alloys and Products Weldable 6xxx and 7xxx High Strength Structural Alloys Secondary Operations Production of Wire Products Chapter 8: Aluminum Forging What Is Forging? Types of Forging Processes Forging Equipment Forging Process Forging Alloys Forged Products Chapter 9: Product, Alloy, and Temper Selection Introduction to Alloy and Product Selection Important Physical Properties Mechanical Properties Aluminum Corrosion Water Staining of Aluminum Chapter 10: Customer Manufacturing Processes Formability Surface Treatments Room Temperature Joining Elevated Temperature Joining Machining Chapter 11: Aluminum in Aircraft and Space Applications Commercial Aircraft Modern Aircraft Manufacturing Aerospace Alloys Military Aircraft Aluminum in Space Chapter 12: Aluminum in Light Vehicles Aluminum Shaped Castings The Story of the Vega Aluminum Engine Automotive Aluminum Rolled Products Ford F150 Automotive Aluminum Extruded Products Chapter 13: Aluminum in Ground Transportation Early Uses of Aluminum in Ground Transportation Trucks UPS Truck Tour with Driver Buses—School, City, and Long Distance Railroad Freight Applications Subways and Light Rail Passenger High-Speed Railroad Applications Aluminum in Military Vehicles Chapter 14: Aluminum in Marine Transportation Small Boats Alloys for Shipbuilding Aluminum Ships SS United States Chapter 15: Aluminum Packaging Products Foil Packaging Products Coffee Capsules, Pouches, and Packets Semirigid Containers Beverage and Food Cans Brief History of the Aluminum Can Can Metallurgy What Can Go Wrong in Can Making? Impact Extruded Containers Aluminum Closures Chapter 16: Aluminum Building Products Early Use and Development Extruded Products Rolled Products Cast Products Chapter 17: Aluminum in Household Goods and Appliances Cookware Surface Finishes on Aluminum Consumer Electronics and TVs Apple and Aluminum Home Interiors Ladders and Other Tools Luggage and Briefcases Outdoor Furniture Aluminum in Art Art and Architecture Chapter 18: Aluminum in Infrastructure Electrical Conductors Roads and Bridges Saguenay River Bridge at Arvida Highway Signs, Traffic Signals, and License Plates Railroad and Highway Crossings Solar Energy Generation Agriculture and Industrial Applications Chapter 19: Aluminum in Sports and Recreation Water Sports Baseball Easton Sports Hockey, Tennis, and Racquet Sports Cricket Track and Field Snowmobiles, Jet Skis, and Golf Carts Bicycles Sports Wheelchairs Motorcycles Travel Trailers and Recreational Vehicles Camping Equipment Chapter 20: Aluminum and Its Importance for Sustainability Prospects for the Future Primary Production Current State of Recycling Decarbonizing Aluminum Production What's Next for Recycling? Appendix 1 Wrought Aluminum Alloys Appendix 2 Aluminum Casting Alloys Appendix 3 Aluminum Alloy Heat-Treatable Alloy Temper Designations and Product Forms

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Book SynopsisHave you ever imagined giving up your day job and heading for the hills in search of gold? Journalist Steve Boggan decided to do just that when the price of the precious metal scaled dizzying heights in the wake of the global financial crisis. Clueless, and with neither equipment nor experience, Boggan flew to California and followed in the footsteps of the '49ers', miners who fuelled the original Gold Rush of 1849. Along the way, terrified of bears, bubonic plague and rattlesnakes, he met a cast of colourful characters, including a former Navy Seal who risked his life every day and a man who once went on the run for five years in the mistaken belief that he was wanted by the law. In charming and witty prose, gold-fevered Boggan recaptures the excitement, the hopes and disappointments of the hunt, going beyond the story of modern prospectors to give a moving insight into the birth of modern America.Trade Review'Entertaining, informative and interesting…Carefully researched, funny and inspiring'. * The Sun *'Among his fellow miners [Boggan] found acceptance, comradeship and a wealth of personal stories, many tragic but most concealing a golden glimmer of hope beneath the sadness'. * Daily Mail *'A really fascinating, and funny, cautionary tale of the unexpected allure of lives spent in search of "the colour"'. * World Travel Guide *‘The expectation of the prospecting, the excitement of the panning, the thrill of the find… conveys powerfully the extent to which gold transformed America… moving’ * Daily Telegraph *‘A lively narrative history… Boggan is a hugely likeable companion… this book is a romp’ * Spectator *‘[Boggan] has a wonderful time, respectful of men prepared to give up everything in return for very little, but roguish enough to drop the wink on their ornery, old-fashioned optimism’ * Saga *'A perfect mixture of travelogue, history and down and dirty experience, leavened by rich veins of humour and pathos. A gem, or should I say a nugget.' -- Mick Conefrey – author of Everest 1953'Terrific. Pack your bag, grab your pick, and set out with master storyteller, Steve Boggan, for a trip in this highly original travelogue.' -- Daniel Klein – Sunday Times bestselling author of Travels with Epicurus‘Gold Fever is a wonderful mix of history, journalism and good old-fashioned adventure. It is this last aspect that really lends the book a unique appeal; Boggan is not afraid to get his hands dirty, and he shares his experiences and findings with great depth, humour and charisma.' -- Leon McCarron, author of The Road Headed West: A Cycling Journey Through North America‘A well-crafted story with heady fast-forward momentum. A dogged investigator’s obsessive quest for Californian gold, and the backstory of the gold fields.' -- Iain Sinclair, author of London Orbital‘Boggan does a good job relating this story’ * Independent *"Steve Boggan takes the reader on an exciting adventure and proves that prospecting is as much about digging for humor and hope as it is finding gold." * Jennifer Pharr Davis, author of Becoming Odyssa: Adventures on the Appalachian Trail *

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Book SynopsisDealing exclusively with underwater instrumentation, control, and communication technology for subsea oil and gas production, Subsea Control and Data Acquisition has been structured to cover relevant experience and challenges in frontier subsea developments. Aimed at professionals active in subsea production systems, in particular those engaged in the control and monitoring of such installations, and engineers keen to keep abreast of current practice and technologies, this volume covers operational experience of long offset control and monitoring, as well as enhanced oil recovery and discusses relevant topics in subsea and hole monitoring, such as, Reliability Enhanced oil recovery Subsea and down hole monitoring Long offset control Subsea communication/control Reliability of systems plays a dominant role, and the effect of regional legislation is not forgotten; this volume includes contributions from experienced experts from major oil companies to challenge the reader. The accompanying CD can be requested from the UK Editorial team. Send requests to Debbie Cox, decox@wiley.com.Table of ContentsReliability. Subsea electrics - design for diagnostics and reparability. Obsolescence of electronics - potential impact on subsea controls from an operator's standpoint. BP subsea control systems and umbilicals - improvement strategies. Cost optimisation in testing welds of duplex stainless steel for umbilicals and implementation in a new DNV recommended practice for umbilicals. Enhanced Oil Recovery. Experience and challenges in frontier subsea developments. Subsea production control system designed to contribute to increased oil recovery (IOR). Subsea and Down Hole Monitoring. Permanent seismic sensing system for hydrocarbon reservoirs. Next generation subsea control module. Design, development and implementation of an "add-on" subsea control system. Long Offset Control. Long offset control systems, which facilitate subsea-to-breach field developments, with a particular reference to the Statoil Snohvit project. Ormen Lange - long offset monitoring and control. Subsea production controls for Total's Nuggets development - production evolution to meet demanding requirements, and lessons learned from offshore integration and commissioning. Subsea Communication/Control. Subsea production control fluids - the impact of new environmental legislation. Wet plant trends and challenges for offshore networks. Communication on power lines - constraints and experience. Fibre optics communication system reliability. Standardisation solutions for subsea downhole interface - IWIS project update. Challenges, product development, and qualification of the Kristin Field. Authors Index.

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Book SynopsisLand, Chiefs, Mining explores aspects of the experience of the Batswana in the thornveld and bushveld regions of the North-West Province, shedding light on defi ning issues, moments and individuals in this lesser known region of South Africa. Some of the focuses are: an important Tswana kgosi (chief ), Moiloa II of the Bahurutshe; responses to and participation in the South African War and its aftermath, 1899-1907; land acquisition; economic and political conditions in the reserves; resistance to Mangope’s Bophuthatswana; the impact of game parks and the Sun City resort; rural resistance and the liberation struggle; and African reaction to the platinum mining revolution.Written in a direct and accessible style, and illustrated with photographs and maps, the book provides an understanding, for a general reader ship, of the region and its recent history. At the same time it opens up avenues for further research.Table of Contents'The dog of the boers'? Moila I of the Bahurutshe c1795-1875; The South African War and its aftermath 1899-1908; Land, leaders and dissent 1900-1940; Away in the locations': Life in the Bechuanaland reserves 1910-1958; Rural resistance: The Bahurutshe revolt of 1957-58; Blunting the prickly pear': Bophuthatswana and its consequences 1977-1994; Modernity in the Bushveld: Mining, national parks and casinos.

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