Scientific research Books

Book SynopsisThe scientific research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Scientists trust that the results reported by others are valid. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists to describe the world accurately and without bias. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical scientific conduct. On Being a Scientist was designed to supplement the informal lessons in ethics provided by research supervisors and mentors. The book describes the ethical foundations of scientific practices and some of the personal and professional issues that researchers encounter in their work. It applies to all forms of researchwhether in academic, industrial, or governmental settings-and to all scientific disciplines. This third edition of On Being a Scientist reflects developments since the publication of the original edition in 1989 and a second edition in 1995. A contTable of Contents1 Front Matter; 2 Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research; 3 Advising and Mentoring; 4 The Treatment of Data; 5 Mistakes and Negligence; 6 Research Misconduct; 7 Responding to Suspected Violations of Professional Standards; 8 Human Participants and Animal Subjects in Research; 9 Laboratory Safety in Research; 10 Sharing of Research Results; 11 Authorship and the Allocation of Credit; 12 Intellectual Property; 13 Competing Interests, Commitments, and Values; 14 The Researcher in Society; 15 Appendix: Discussion of Case Studies; 16 Additional Resources

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Book SynopsisIn Why We Teach Science (and Why We Should), former high school teacher and historian of science education John L. Rudolph examines the reasons we've long given for teaching science and assesses how they hold up to what we know about what students really learn.Trade ReviewScience education isn't just for producing future scientists. It's for producing science literate citizens. The benefits of science literacy, long accepted in US education, are now being questioned and even attacked. In Why We Teach Science, Rudolph examines how well science education has served this purpose and finds it lacking. He argues for a new approach to teaching science, one that meets the needs of a science literate society. * Gale M. Sinatra, University of Southern California. Co-Author of Science Denial: Why It Happens And What to Do About It *In Why We Teach Science and Why We Should, John Rudolph provocatively interrogates the discrepancy between the professed aims of American science education and the way in which it is actually conducted, ending with a compelling plea to reorient science education to serve science and society effectively. * Glenn Branch, deputy director, National Center for Science Education *This book is an essential read for anybody with any interest in what goes on in science education in our schools. Drawing from a lifetime of scholarship, he shows how we got to where we are today, and then, how that is failing the overwhelming majority of our children. He offers a new innovative vision of how to do justice to science and to young people. * Jonathan Osborne, Graduate School of Education, Stanford University *Science has been seen as both the cause and the solution to every American dilemma for the past sixty years. In Why We Teach Science, John L. Rudolph pushes beyond the clichés of those debates to offer a unique, clear-eyed prescription for the kind of science education we really need. * Adam Laats, author of Fundamentalist U and Creationism USA *In Why We Teach Science, John Rudolph reflects on Americans' distressing lack of understanding of how science creates reliable knowledge, so starkly revealed by the pandemic. Building on the wisdom of visionaries like Carl Sagan and James Rutherford, he argues convincingly for a new type of science education that focuses on having students learn "where science sits as a knowledge-producing institution in society and the value scientific expertise offers". Beautifully written, Rudolph correctly challenges our long-standing focus on teaching science facts. Badly needed are thousands of college professors to lead the way by addressing this urgent call. * Bruce Alberts, Chancellor's Leadership Chair in Biochemistry and Biophysics for Science and Education, University of California, San Francisco *What goals should science education aim for? And are today's schools achieving those goals? Why We Teach Science provides a lucid and comprehensive framework for thinking about these questions, outlining a practical philosophy for science education while also persuasively arguing that some goals are more worth achieving than others. * Andrew Shtulman, Professor of Psychology, Occidental College, author of scienceblind *A timely book by one of the country's best and most interesting thinkers about the history and current practice of science. * Ethan Hutt, University of North Carolina *There is a great deal to admire in this book and the desired audience is not restricted to academics or educators. There is potential for this work to stir conversation and perhaps shape policy. Rudolph gives voice to countless grumbling conversations science education professors have. * John Settlage, University of Connecticut *The topic is timely; the pandemic and climate change have increased attention to science education, and Rudolph writes thoughtfully. * Andy Zucker, Concord Consortium (retired) *In a thoroughly researched yet accessible style, Rudolph provides an overview of the evolution of the why and how of formal science education from the late 1800s to the present. * Choice *Why we Teach Science (and Why we Should)should be read by every science educator and teacher. The more we come to realize that change is needed, the more likely it is for this change to happen. John Rudolph is to be commended for writing a book that is a call for change. * Kostas Kampourakis, Progress in Science Education *Table of ContentsIntroduction What We Say 1: The Reasons We Teach Science What We Do 2: The Science Education We Have 3: Should We Be Training More Scientists? The Numbers Say No 4: The Failure of Scientific Literacy 5: How Well Does the Science Education We Have Actually Work? 6: Science Education for Better Thinking and the Limits of

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Book SynopsisWinner of the Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books A Best Science Book of the Year for the Guardian, Financial Times, and New Scientist It was the universe’s most elusive particle, the linchpin for everything scientists dreamed up to explain how physics works. It had to be found. But projects as big as CERN’s Large Hadron Collider don’t happen without incredible risks – or occasional skulduggery. In the definitive account of the greatest science story of our time, acclaimed physicist Sean Carroll reveals the insights, rivalry, and wonder that fuelled the Higgs discovery, and takes us on a riveting and irresistible ride to the very edge of physics today.Trade Review‘An authoritative account of science’s discovery of the year. Remarkable.’ * Financial Times *‘This book is so hard to put down. That’s testament to Carroll, a practising scientist, also being a gifted writer.’ * New Scientist *‘Compelling.’ * Independent *‘A very good – and very accessible – guide to all the theoretical physics, precision engineering, data handling, probability-measuring and other marvels.’ * Guardian *‘Delightful… for anyone excited by the particle at the end of the universe, start here.’ * BBC Focus *‘Carroll keeps it real, getting at the complex guts of cutting-edge cosmology in discussions that will challenge fans of Hawking’s A Brief History of Time.’ * Washington Post *‘The science is authoritative, yet bold and lively. The narrative is richly documented, yet full of human drama. Carroll’s saga pulls you aboard a modern voyage of discovery.’ -- Frank Wilczek, Nobel Laureate in Physics and author of A Beautiful Question‘In this superb book, Sean Carroll provides a fascinating and lucid look at the most mysterious and important particle in nature, and the experiment that revealed it. Anyone with an interest in physics should read this, and join him in examining the new worlds of physics to which this discovery may lead.’ -- Leonard Mlodinow, internationally bestselling author of Subliminal and Elastic

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Book Synopsis'A big-picture forecast of how medicine stands on the threshold of a revolution that will radically change all of our lives' The TimesWelcome to a revolution in the science of you. This landmark new book from award-winning scientist Daniel M. Davis explores the future of the human body.Imagine taking drugs to help you acquire new skills, or knowing years in advance the precise likelihood of developing specific cancers, or following a diet and health regime tailored to your microbiome, or even having continuous monitoring of your body's workings and well-being.Written by an award-winning scientist, this landmark book shows how these radical and disconcerting possibilities have been made real. It is at once a gripping drama of scientific ingenuity, discovery and collaboration, and a vision of the human body of dizzying complexity and wonder.'With this stunning book Daniel M. Davis joins the pantheon of truly great science communicators. Everyone who has a body will love it' CHRIS VAN TULLEKEN, author of Ultra-Processed People'The startling new discoveries...are radically altering our understanding of how we function and what our future holds' BRIAN COX'Thrilling' BILL BRYSON'Brilliant' TIM SPECTOR'Extraordinary' ALICE ROBERTSTrade ReviewA brilliant deep-dive into the latest discoveries of human health. An inspiration! -- Tim Spector, No.1 bestselling author of Spoon-FedWith this stunning book Daniel M. Davis joins the pantheon of truly great science communicators. It will change the way you think about your self and the people around you. Everyone who has a body will love it -- CHRIS VAN TULLEKEN, No.1 bestselling author of Ultra-Processed PeopleA big-picture forecast of how medicine stands on the threshold of a revolution that will radically change all of our lives ... Davis is a polar opposite of the typecast propeller-hatted futurologist. He is beguilingly informal and affably humorous * The Times *An elegantly written and splendidly concise Cook's Tour of the frontiers of medical biology. It is also an engrossing account of the progress of science * Wall Street Journal *A perfect blend of cutting-edge science and compelling storytelling. Daniel Davis has a rare knack for making complex science comprehensible and thrilling -- BILL BRYSONAn extraordinary journey that reveals the magnificence, intricacy and beauty of the human body, fundamentally changing the way we see ourselves. Masterful -- ALICE ROBERTSA beautifully rendered picture of the startling new discoveries in human biology which are radically altering our understanding of how we function and what our future holds -- BRIAN COXWhat we now know about the human body would seem magical to people just a hundred years ago... It often reads like a detective story and anyone interested in biology will learn much from this enjoyable book -- VENKI RAMAKRISHNAN, Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry and author of Gene Machine

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Book SynopsisVolume Two of an award-winning professor’s introduction to essential concepts of calculus and mathematical modeling for students in the biosciencesTrade Review“Clear, enthusiastic, and communicating a love of maths, this is a useful, engaging and well-written text.”—Becca Asquith, Professor of Mathematical Immunology, Imperial College London"This is a wonderful book, wise and witty. It would have taught me most of the math I needed for my career in research – if I did all the problems."—Stephen Stearns, author of The Evolution of Life Histories and Evolutionary Medicine“This well-written book covers multivariate calculus and dynamical systems within the context of the biological sciences, providing well-chosen, up-to-date biomedical examples. The Markov chain, along with its many interesting applications, is also introduced.”—Hongyu He, Professor of Mathematics, Louisiana State University

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Book SynopsisThe Microscope is a seminal paintings authored by Andrew Ross, a outstanding English optician and microscope maker of the 19th century. This comprehensive e-book is a sizable contribution to the sphere of microscopy and clinical instrumentation. In this pioneering paintings, Ross delves into the principles, production, and realistic packages of microscopes. He offers distinctive insights into the design and mechanics of microscopes, in conjunction with instructions on how to use them successfully for clinical statement and research. The Microscope not handiest serves as a treasured guide for the ones inquisitive about microscopy but also highlights the essential role of microscopes in advancing medical understanding. Ross's meticulous descriptions and illustrations of microscope components and techniques made microscopy greater handy to a broader audience, inclusive of scientists, naturalists, and students. Moreover, Ross's work reflects the enthusiasm and curiosity of the generation's clinical network, as microscopes were instrumental in coming across previously unseen worlds and phenomena. His book contributed to the popularization of microscopy and the speedy advancements in organic and medical research throughout the nineteenth century. The Microscope via Andrew Ross stays a undying aid for anybody inquisitive about the history and realistic applications of microscopes.

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Book Synopsis"Structure of Science: Problems in the Logic of Scientific Explanation - 2nd Edition".Trade ReviewErnest Nagel's work, The Structure of Science , has earned for itself the status of an outstanding standard work in its field. It offers an exceptionally thorough and comprehensive methodological and philosophical exploration encountered in those diverse fields. Nagel's discussion is distinguished by the lucidity of its style, the incisiveness of its reasoning, and the solidity of its grounding in all the major branches of scientific inquiry. The Structure of Science has become a highly influential work that is widely invoked in the methodological and philosophical literature. Recent controversies between analytics and historic-sociological approaches to the philosophy of science have not diminished its significance; in fact, it seems to me that the pragmatist component in Nagel's thinking may be helpful for efforts to develop a rapprochement between the contending schools. --Carl G. Hempel

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Book SynopsisA microscope is a gateway to another dimension, allowing us to explore the fascinating realm of microorganisms. From the colonies of green algae that grace the cover of this book, to bacteria, cellular structures and protozoa – an entire world of life, almost limitless and yet invisible to the naked eye, awaits through the lens of a microscope. Until now there has been no book that offers easy access to the exciting and mind-expanding world of microscopy. Practical, compact and accessible, this guide is written especially for beginners. It provides help in learning the correct use of a microscope and the production of preparations. Structured clearly in 25 short chapters, it allows the reader to progress in manageable stages. Each step focuses on a particular theme, introducing the relevant techniques. From illumination to observation, from slide preparation to staining, this book supplies all the building blocks needed for skilled use of microscopes. With this step-by-step approach, the way into the wonderful visual universe of the miniature becomes very simple, even if your first microscope is only a budget model: most of the activities suggested here work using a basic instrument without the more sophisticated accessories. Indeed, the history of microscopy shows that discoveries of great significance have been possible even with rather modest equipment. And this is just as true today. Illustrated throughout with photographs and diagrams, this book is the perfect companion as you discover the richness of microscopic life.Table of ContentsForeword Preface Introduction: Why use a microscope? Creating your own micro-laboratory 1. Structure of the microscope 2. How to use your microscope 3. Light – transmitter of information 4. Orders of magnitude 5. Three-dimensional images 6. Brownian movement 7. Simple wet mounts 8. Preparation by squashing 9. Tissue under the lens 10. Animal cells 11. Plasma flows and oblique lighting 12. Osmotic processes 13. Documentation 14. Tiny aquatic creatures 15. Cocci and bacilli 16. Preparing sections 17. Plant organs 18. Woody tissues 19. Distinctive animal tissues 20. Making permanent specimens 21. Surface examination 22. Investigating polarised light 23. Thin sections 24. Dusts and Rheinberg illumination 25. Microscopic photographs Index

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Book SynopsisBetter posters mean better research. Distilling over a decade of experience from the popular Better Posters blog, Zen Faulkes will help you create a clear and informative conference poster that delivers maximum impact. Academics have used posters to share research for more than five decades, and tens of thousands of posters are presented at conferences every year. Despite the popularity of the format, no in-depth guide has been available on how to create and deliver compelling conference posters. From over-long titles, tiny text and swarms of logos, to bad font choices, chaotic colour schemes and blurry images – it’s easy to leave viewers confused about your poster’s message. The solution is Better Posters: a comprehensive guide to everything you need to know – from writing a title and submitting an abstract, to designing the poster and finally presenting it in the poster session. Your conference poster will be one of your first research outputs, and the poster session is your first introduction to a professional community. Making a great poster develops the skills to create publications, reports, outreach and teaching materials throughout your career. This book also has material for conference organizers on how to make a better poster session for their attendees.Trade ReviewEngaging and easy to read... Every lab should have a copy of Better Posters. The book should make conference poster sessions better for everyone – those presenting and those attending. Thank goodness someone wrote it! -- Stephen Heard, Scientist Sees SquirrelWhat impressed me the most about Better Posters is its breadth... This book should be in the library of any university with a graduate program or on the shelf of any researcher who makes research posters/oversees students who make research posters. -- Kristin Briney * Data Ab Initio *...this excellent book is useful and enjoyable to read. * Conservation Biology *Table of ContentsForeword by Echo Rivera Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 Poster design: the short form Part I - For viewers 2 Attending a poster session Part II - For presenters 3 Why posters? 4 Design thinking 5 Early preparation 6 Narrative thinking 7 Visual thinking and graphic design 8 Figures 9 Presenting data 10 Colors 11 Beyond paper 12 Text and type 13 Layout 14 Grids 15 Background 16 Title bars 17 Blocks of text 18 Sections 19 Images and graphics, revisited 20 Fine-tuning 21 Before you print 22 Printing 23 Travel 24 Networking and presentation 25 After the conference Part III - For organizers 26 Poster session planning 27 Conference website resources 28 During the conference Part IV - What next? 29 Constant improvement Afterword References Index

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Book SynopsisOffers an introduction to the modern statistical methods for ecology. This book shows how to construct statistical models for data, estimate their parameters and confidence limits, and interpret the results. It covers statistical frameworks, the philosophy of statistical modeling, and critical mathematical functions and probability distributions.Trade Review"Bolker's book is a must-buy for anyone wanting to fit data to models and go beyond hypothesis testing, but it is certainly not an 'introductory' text in the sense of 'simple'. This book is a tour de force for anyone who studied ecology for his or her interest of nature's working. But it is the one single book that can propel the statistical novice to the cutting edge of statistical ecology--albeit with blood, sweat and tears."--Carsten F. Dormann, Basic and Applied Ecology "[A] must for natural scientists and for statisticians who are interested in ecological applications... Numerous enlightening footnotes, meaningful graphics and direct speech are evidence of substantial classroom experience of the author... The book addresses students and researchers who have or have had some basic knowledge in ecology, mathematics and statistics. Delivering many examples and profound details on numerical aspects of maximum likelihood estimation, the book may also give a red line for a course in computational statistics."--Martin Schlather, Biometrical Journal "[T]his book succeeds both in explaining how to analyze many types of ecological data, and in clearly describing the theoretical background behind some common analyses and approaches. I expect to refer to it often."--Lynda D. Prior, Austral EcologyTable of ContentsAcknowledgments ix Chapter 1: Introduction and Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 What This Book Is Not About 3 1.3 Frameworks for Modeling 5 1.4 Frameworks for Statistical Inference 10 1.5 Frameworks for Computing 17 1.6 Outline of the Modeling Process 20 1.7 R Supplement 22 Chapter 2: Exploratory Data Analysis and Graphics 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Getting Data into R 30 2.3 Data Types 34 2.4 Exploratory Data Analysis and Graphics 40 2.5 Conclusion 59 2.6 R Supplement 59 Chapter 3: Deterministic Functions for Ecological Modeling 72 3.1 Introduction 72 3.2 Finding Out about Functions Numerically 73 3.3 Finding Out about Functions Analytically 76 3.4 Bestiary of Functions 87 3.5 Conclusion 100 3.6 R Supplement 100 Chapter 4: Probability and Stochastic Distributions for Ecological Modeling 103 4.1 Introduction: Why Does Variability Matter? 103 4.2 Basic Probability Theory 104 4.3 Bayes' Rule 107 4.4 Analyzing Probability Distributions 115 4.5 Bestiary of Distributions 120 4.6 Extending Simple Distributions: Compounding and Generalizing 137 4.7 R Supplement 141 Chapter 5: Stochastic Simulation and Power Analysis 147 5.1 Introduction 147 5.2 Stochastic Simulation 148 5.3 Power Analysis 156 Chapter 6: Likelihood and All That 169 6.1 Introduction 169 6.2 Parameter Estimation: Single Distributions 169 6.3 Estimation for More Complex Functions 182 6.4 Likelihood Surfaces, Profiles, and Confidence Intervals 187 6.5 Confidence Intervals for Complex Models: Quadratic Approximation 196 6.6 Comparing Models 201 6.7 Conclusion 220 Chapter 7: Optimization and All That 222 7.1 Introduction 222 7.2 Fitting Methods 223 7.3 Markov Chain Monte Carlo 233 7.4 Fitting Challenges 241 7.5 Estimating Confidence Limits of Functions of Parameters 250 7.6 R Supplement 258 Chapter 8: Likelihood Examples 263 8.1 Tadpole Predation 263 8.2 Goby Survival 276 8.3 Seed Removal 283 Chapter 9: Standard Statistics Revisited 298 9.1 Introduction 298 9.2 General Linear Models 300 9.3 Nonlinearity: Nonlinear Least Squares 306 9.4 Nonnormal Errors: Generalized Linear Models 308 9.5 R Supplement 312 Chapter 10: Modeling Variance 316 10.1 Introduction 316 10.2 Changing Variance within Blocks 318 10.3 Correlations: Time-Series and Spatial Data 320 10.4 Multilevel Models: Special Cases 324 10.5 General Multilevel Models 327 10.6 Challenges 333 10.7 Conclusion 334 10.8 R Supplement 335 Chapter 11: Dynamic Models 337 11.1 Introduction 337 11.2 Simulating Dynamic Models 338 11.3 Observation and Process Error 342 11.4 Process and Observation Error 344 11.5 SIMEX 346 11.6 State-Space Models 348 11.7 Conclusions 357 11.8 R Supplement 360 Chapter 12: Afterword 362 Appendix Algebra and Calculus Basics 363 A.1 Exponentials and Logarithms 363 A.2 Differential Calculus 364 A.3 Partial Differentiation 364 A.4 Integral Calculus 365 A.5 Factorials and the Gamma Function 365 A.6 Probability 365 A.7 The Delta Method 366 A.8 Linear Algebra Basics 366 Bibliography 369 Index of R Arguments, Functions, and Packages 383 General Index 389

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Book SynopsisAt a time when science is seen as an engine of economic growth, Paula Stephan brings a keen understanding of the cost–benefit calculations made by individuals and institutions as they compete for resources and reputation in scientific fields. She highlights especially the growing gap between the biomedical sciences and physics/engineering.Trade ReviewHow Economics Shapes Science should be required reading for all scientists and students of science, who are increasingly called upon to adopt the language and logic of economics and engage in policy discussions. Paula Stephan (an economist at Georgia State University) makes her case in simple, easy-to-follow language, using timely examples… The book starts by summarizing the case that private industry alone will not invest in the socially optimal level of research, which will ultimately decrease the rate of innovation and lower economic growth. The logic is worth repeating at a time when there are calls for limiting government support for research and researchers face pressures to engage in lower-risk projects. Stephan convincingly argues that monetary incentives increasingly determine the behavior of researchers at the expense of scientists’ desire to participate in the joy of solving problems, receive recognition, and obtain a good reputation. -- Maryann Feldman * Science *[An] original and engaging book… Informed, authoritative and thoughtful, Stephan’s book will be an invaluable resource for scientists, policymakers and all those working to improve the ‘science of science and innovation policy’ in the U.S., Europe and further afield. -- James Wilsdon * Times Higher Education *A big biomedical lab spends 18 cents a day to keep one lab mouse, amounting to hundreds of thousands of dollars for animals each year. Economist Paula Stephan takes an exhaustive look at how publicly funded science pays such bills, and how this affects research, researchers and the economy. She argues that expanding universities and stagnant budgets have made funders and scientists more risk-averse, and stunted the development of young investigators. * Nature *[A] rich, data-driven, and nuanced discussion of science and economics… [A] excellent book. Stephan addresses how R&D spending is often driven by politics—either geo-politics (the Cold War) or personal politics (biomedical research), and how jobs in the sciences respond accordingly (and how competitive options for smart people have affected job uptake). She also talks about how difficult science and research spending is to measure from an economic efficiency perspective—essentially, because payback on investments can be quite indirect and take decades, choosing between investment options is fraught with the chance for mistakes. And the emerging trend showing that higher-impact science comes from funding entities that evaluate people instead of projects and provides longer-term funding is also covered… This book will have a special place on my shelf, as one of a handful of books that demand to be revisited, referenced, and re-read because there is so much clear and important information to be had, and some definite criticisms of the current system policy-makers need to consider. -- Kent Anderson * Scholarly Kitchen *Illuminating and accessible… Using the ‘tool bag’ economics provides for ‘analyzing the relationships between incentives and costs,’ [Stephan] penetrates the financial structure of university-based science, explaining the motivation and behavior of everyone from august university presidents and professors to powerless and impecunious graduate students and postdocs. It’s a remarkably revealing approach… The short space at my disposal allows me to present just a hint of the penetrating discoveries waiting in this book… [A] rigorous and clear-eyed examination of the money trail. She conveys her findings in clear, comprehensible prose. If you want to understand what is really happening in American academic science today, here’s my advice: Read this enlightening book. -- Beryl Lieff Benderly * Science Careers *This volume provides a useful summary of how economics shapes science that is accessible to students and researchers in a variety of disciplines and to policy makers. -- R. B. Emmett * Choice *Paula Stephan is the undisputed authority on the economics of science and her book is a delight. Laced with dozens of revealing anecdotes about everything from transgenic mice to the competition for high h-indexes and the Nobel Prize, How Economics Shapes Science reveals the economic logic behind the workings of modern science and makes a compelling case for using incentives to rationalize our use of scarce resources. -- Charles Clotfelter, Z. Smith Reynolds Professor of Public Policy and Professor of Economics and Law, Duke UniversityPaula Stephan is one of the world’s leading scholars of the economics of science. Her comprehensive analysis—as readable as it is timely—is a must read for anyone worrying about the future of science policy or the economics of universities. -- Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Irving M. Ives Professor of Industrial and Labor Relations and Economics, Cornell UniversityThis is a marvelous book—lucid, cogent, and lively, full of fascinating anecdotes and news about what university science costs, who pays for it, and who benefits. Paula Stephan saw science as an economic enterprise long before other economists did, and she’s written what will be the definitive book for years to come. -- Richard Freeman, Herbert Ascherman Chair in Economics, Harvard UniversityThis fascinating book makes senior scientists like me keenly aware of the travails that await our students and post-docs as they pursue the many years of scientific training that lead to a very uncertain career. As Paula Stephan shows, from the point of view of income and stability, our students might be better off getting MBAs. All senior scientists should read this book. It gives a sobering dose of reality to our love of science. -- Kathleen Giacomini, Professor of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San FranciscoHow do economic considerations shape what scientists do? How do scientific developments affect economic progress? In a world facing challenges like global warming and threats of economic stagnation, these are critical questions. Paula Stephan’s treatment is masterful—and readable outside the ranks of economists, too. -- Richard R. Nelson, George Blumenthal Professor Emeritus of International and Public Affairs, Business, and Law, Columbia UniversityScientific research and professional training are now inextricably linked. At the same time the perceived costs and benefits of science have skyrocketed, with governments and universities setting economic incentives in the race for productivity and prestige. Stephan’s groundbreaking economic analysis shows the complex results of these policies. -- Mara Prentiss, Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics, Harvard UniversityWe in Europe often invoke the U.S. science system as the frontier for us, but most of us don’t know in detail how it actually operates. With its wealth of facts and stories, and its rich multidisciplinary perspective, Paula Stephan’s book can teach us. It will help scientists understand their environment and help policy makers see what levers they have (or do not have) to direct science. No one other than Paula Stephan could write with such insight and depth. -- Reinhilde Veugelers, Professor of Managerial Economics, Strategy and Innovation, Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenAn excellent introductory coverage of the nature of the scientific process as constructed through an economist’s framework…There is a rich smorgasbord of well-structured interrogation of each major issue that bedevils or stimulates the life of researchers in the sciences…Quite pertinent to current debate. -- Glenn Withers * Economic Record *

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Book SynopsisIncludes Whewell's seminal studies of the logic of induction (with his critique of Mill's theory), arguments for his realist view that science discovers necessary truths about nature, and exercises in the epistemology and ontology of science. This book sets forth a coherent statement of a historically important philosophy of science.

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Book SynopsisScience is undergoing an identity crisis! A renown psychologist and biologist diagnoses our age of wishful, magical thinking and blasts out a clarion call for a return to reason and the search for objective knowledge and truth. Fans of Matt Ridley and Nicholas Wade will adore this trenchant meditation and call to action.Science is in trouble. Real questions in desperate need of answers—especially those surrounding ethnicity, gender, climate change, and almost anything related to ‘health and safety’—are swiftly buckling to the fiery societal demands of what ought to be rather than what is. These foregone conclusions may be comforting, but each capitulation to modernity’s whims threatens the integrity of scientific inquiry. Can true, fact-based discovery be redeemed? In Science in an Age of Unreason, legendary professor of psychology and biology, John Staddon, unveils the identity crisis afflicting today’s scientific community, and provides an actionable path to recovery. With intellectual depth and literary flair, Staddon answers pressing questions, including: Is science, especially the science of evolution, a religion? Can ethics be derived from science at all? How sound is social science, particularly surrounding today’s most controversial topics? How can passions be separated from facts? Informed by decades of expertise, Science in an Age of Unreason is a clarion call to rebirth academia as a beacon of reason and truth in a society demanding its unconditional submission.

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Book SynopsisThe publication in 1859 of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species touched off a violent controversy which, when the tumult had died down, left the theory of biological evolution firmly established. The success of the book was instantaneous, partly because the educated public was ready to listen to a reasonable explanation and parly because Thomas Huxley and Herbert Spencer were available and anxious to fight for the theory in the face of all opposition. The opposition was considerable but merely served to fan the flame of public interest. Hence the concept of descent with modification spread and widened and the doctrine of Evolution did more to revitalize human thinking during the past century than any other force. It is for this reason that the Royal Society of Canada commemorated the centenary of the publication of Darwin's book by organizing a symposium on Evolution at its annual meeting in June 1959. This volume consists of papers on geological, biological, ph

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Book SynopsisContaining helpful summaries and checklists throughout and based on Mazur's thirty years of research experience, this accessible and informative guide will give all IRB members the tools they need to protect human lives and facilitate the research process.Trade ReviewA well-written and informative narrative of the inner workings of IRBs. It is a must-read for those who are (or will be) members of an IRB and for those who need to submit a proposal. -- Maura Pilotti, Ph.D. Metapsychology 2007 An indispensable guide for both experienced and inexperienced IRB members... I would recommend it to any IRB member. Doody's Review Service 2007 Mazur's book provides IRB members with essential questions they should ask when reviewing proposed and ongoing studies. -- Karen J. Maschke New England Journal of Medicine 2007 The book contains an interesting perspective and a wealth of knowledge. It contains quite a lot of information for any single audience, but those who serve on IRBs can benefit greatly from reading and referring to Mazur's work. -- Alice Z. Frohna JAMA 2007 College-level holdings strong in medical and research issues or medical ethics will want this review. Midwest Book Review 2007 There is much to like about Evaluating the Science and Ethics of Research on Humans; its depth and sophistication... Not just Mazur's experience but the overall evolution of research administration is reflected in this volume. -- Kenneth A. DeVille Journal of Legal Medicine 2007 Every IRB member must read this book so that the participants of clinical trials benefit from it. -- Sanjay A. Pai Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2008 The author applies extensive experience to illustrate the depth of ethical reflection that research proposals can generate and provides guidance on how reflection can be directed to decision making... Checklists in the text and appendices afford IRB members and officers the comfort of knowing that little, if anything, has been overlooked in discharging ethics review. -- Bernard M. Dickens, PhD Annals of Internal Medicine 2008 The analysis of a study's risk-benefit ratio is especially good. U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research 2007 Contains helpful summaries and checklists throughout based on the author's thirty years of research experience. Issues in Law and Medicine 2008Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction: What Can the New IRB Member Expect?Part I: The IRB, Its Work, and Its Challenges1. What Is an IRB, and What Does It Do?2. Basic Terms and Concepts Used in IRB Work3. What Is Risk?Part II: The Scientific Protocol and the Informed Consent Form4. Prescreening of Proposals5. The Scientific Protocol6. The Informed Consent Form7. Recruitment, Selection, and Compensation of Study Participants8. Research involving Questionnaires and Surveys9. Protection of Participants' Privacy in Research Dataand SpecimensPart III: The Continuing Work of the IRB10. The Ethical Issues of Informed Consent11. Continuing Review, Communication, and Feedback12. Where Are IRBs Making Mistakes, and How Can We Minimize Mistakes?13. Strategies for Managing the IRB Workload and Supporting IRB Decision Making14. Decision-Making Capacity and Accountability in ResearchSummary: The IRB's Key RoleAppendix 1: A Check List for Reviewing a Scientific ProtocolAppendix 2: A Check List for Reviewing an Informed Consent FormNotesWebsite References for Cited DocumentsIndex

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"Making sense of data is emerging as the limiting factor of progress in neuroscience. This book is the accessible way to learn how to do that." --Konrad Koerding, Professor, Northwestern University "This is a fun, hands-on introduction to the important emerging field of neural data science. It's at the intersection of programming, data analysis, and neuroscience -- perfect for aspiring researchers looking to learn these three in parallel. This book will help inspire a new generation to join us in finding out how the brain works with modern computational tools." --Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Programme leader, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of CambridgeTable of ContentsPart I: Foundations 1. Philosophy 2. From 0 to 0.01 Part II: Neural Data Analysis 3. Wrangling Spike Trains 4. Correlating Spike Trains 5. Analog Signals 6. Biophysical Modeling Part III: Going Beyond the Data 7. Regression 8. Dimensionality Reduction 9. Classification and Clustering 10. Web Scraping

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Book SynopsisTeam leaders should be full of ideas for new research projects and inspire a research group to achieve great results. This practical guide for team leaders, and those who aspire to become team leader, offers a unique approach to help readers develop research and become a more independent and productive investigator. Readers can learn how to recruit and develop talented team members, how to negotiate contracts and manage projects, and how to create wider visibility and publicity for their science. From human resources and project finances, legal affairs and knowledge transfer to public engagement and media performance, the book provides guidance to enhance skills and combine them with those of support staff on the road to success. With numerous valuable tips, real-life stories and practical exercises, this must-read guide provides everything needed to take responsibility for leading research teams. This title is available as Open Access via Cambridge Core.Table of ContentsPart I. Team: 1. Introduction; 2. Scout; 3. Select; 4. Prepare; 5. Advance; Part II. Organization: 6. Introduction; 7. Human Resources; 8. Financial affairs; 9. Legal affairs; 10. Patent affairs; Part III. Society: 11. Introduction; 12. Open science; 13. Citizen science; 14. Media; 15. Web profile.

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Book SynopsisA proposal for using cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large scientific projects.Large particle accelerators, outer space probes, genomics platforms: all are scientific enterprises managed through the new form of the research infrastructure, in which communities of scientists collaborate across nations, universities, research institutions, and disciplines. Such large projects are often publicly funded, with no accepted way to measure the benefits to society of these investments. In this book, Massimo Florio suggests the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large and costly scientific projects.The core concept of CBA of any infrastructure is to undertake the consistent intertemporal accounting of social welfare effects using the available information. Florio develops a simple framework for such accounting in the research infrastructure context and then offers a sy

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Book SynopsisAre you applying for graduate school and feeling overwhelmed by the choices available to you and the complexity of the application process? This informative and humorous guide for life and earth science students offers comprehensive advice to help you prepare and increase your chances of success. Adopting a step-by-step approach, you will be guided through the entire application process, from undergraduate preparation and choice of graduate program, to funding, applying, scheduling a visit, and finally deciding which offer to accept. Based extensively on a comprehensive survey of graduate admissions programs across the United States, the advice offered is evidence-based and specific to the natural sciences. This jargon-free text ensures that prospective students are well prepared and make best use of all available resources to convince graduate programs and advisors that you are the best candidate.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Pre-graduate school preparation; 2. Graduate record examination (GRE); 3. Your curriculum vitae (CV); 4. Choosing a graduate program; 5. Funding; 6. Applying; 7. Visiting and interviewing; 8. Master's, doctorate, or undecided; 9. Acceptance and decision time; 10. The graduate school experience; Appendix; Index.

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Book SynopsisHow do scientists impact society in the twenty-first century? Many scientists are increasingly interested in the impact that their research will have on the public. Scientists likewise must answer the question above when applying for funding from government agencies, particularly as part of the ''Broader Impacts'' criterion of proposals to the US National Science Foundation. This book equips scientists in all disciplines to do just that, by providing an overview of the origins, history, rationale, examples, and case studies of broader impacts, primarily drawn from the author''s experiences over the past five decades. Beyond including theory and evidence, it serves as a ''how to'' guide for best practices for scientists. Although this book primarily uses examples from the NSF, the themes and best practices are applicable to scientists and applications around the world where funding also requires impacts and activities that benefit society.Trade Review'MacFadden has led an extensive life in science, as a paleontologist, museum director, university department chair, and National Science Foundation staff member. His analyses of NSF history and policy changes from the agency's 1952 start through 2018 - and of many successes and failures of his own - will be invaluable to anyone seeking research funds from this important government entity. The book focuses on explaining NSF's poorly understood Broader Impacts requirement, and it is especially needed now, when only about one in ten applications to NSF for funding are successful.' Bruce Alberts, University of California, San Francisco; former President of the National Academy of Sciences'An excellent, pragmatic guide to the philosophy and practice of articulating the many dimensions of broader impacts of science on society, from a highly respected and experienced paleontologist and former National Science Foundation Program Officer. Well-written and accessible, this worthwhile book provides clear and useful information and advice on planning, preparing, and executing activities that are motivated by the genuine spirit of achieving a broader societal impact beyond scientific research. As it becomes increasingly important for scientists to communicate more often and more effectively with non-scientists, Broader Impacts of Science on Society serves as an invaluable resource to all who seek to extend the reach of their specific scientific insights and expertise to the rest of the world.' Sandra J. Carlson, University of California, Davis; Past-President, The Paleontological Society'An accessible and practical book that models a reflective and informed approach to thinking about the impacts of scientific research on society. Those who design, study and evaluate broader impacts, communication and learning activities will find the examples, anecdotes and background information very relevant and useful. Having been on many sides of the audience equation, McFadden provides a holistic guide for enlightened, engaged scholarship and practice of broader impacts.' Jamie Bell, Project Director, Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education (CAISE)'This book provides an in-depth look at all aspects of broader impacts. It is a resource for anyone interested in the historical development of broader impacts as well as those seeking to understand the complexity of the broader impacts criterion and how to effectively address it.' Susan Renoe, University of Missouri and the Center for Advancing Research Impact in Society'Overall this is an impressive book with great depth and breadth. The NSF emphasis will be of great value to those based in the USA and certainly I think of interest to the wider community of scientists, teachers and the science media at large around the world.' John R. Helliwell, Journal of Applied Crystallography'This work offers useful guidance for academics and research scientists who must write grant proposals … draws on nearly 50 years of experience as a research scientist and principal investigator who has written many successful grant proposals, and has published well over 200 articles. But the book is not just a blueprint for academics in science on how to gain funding or find the proper venue for publishing their work. Rather, it advises them on how to understand the impact that their research may have on society … This book shows how the concept [broader impacts] is relevant to STEM fields today, shedding light on how professionals can acknowledge societal needs by incorporating in their proposals information about how their research will impact a larger audience. The book is for professionals and academics pursuing careers in the sciences.' J. S. Schwartz, ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction – science, STEM, and society; 2. NSF and broader impacts; 3. Innovation, opportunity, and integration; 4. Communication and dissemination; 5. Promoting yourself and optimizing impact; 6. Collaboration, authorship, and networks; 7. Strategic versus curiosity science; 8. Know your audience; 9. Diversity, equity, and inclusion; 10. Mentoring and role models; 11. Formal K–12 education and partners; 12. Higher education; 13. Informal STEM learning in Museums and beyond; 14. Public participation and community (citizen) science; 15. Computers and cyber impacts; 16. Developing a broader impacts plan; 17. Project management and sustainability; 18. Were you successful? – evaluation and metrics; 19. Wrap-up, the future, and broader impacts 3.0; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisResearchers and graduate students need to keep up with the advances in natural and health sciences that occur almost daily. This edited collection of state of the art chapters will provide scientists, educators, and researchers in this vital field with the most recent developments and disseminate it globally. This book, organised into nine chapters, features scientists from around the globe contributing diverse topics in mostly natural, biological and health sciences. The edited book aims at highlighting the state of the art research and recent findings in of agricultural, environmental, biological, marine and medical sciences and biotechnology, and bridging theoretical research with current applications. This edited book will be of significant value to researchers, graduate students as well as practicing scientists working in these vibrant fields.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph contains six chapters, each of which provides details about recent advancements in the field of medicine and biology. Chapter One describes the discovery of AZQ, a drug specifically designed to shut off genes that cause brain cancer. Chapter Two analyses the structure, stability, adaptation to extreme environments and the catalytic mechanism of α-helical membrane proteins. Chapter Three provides an up-to-date overview of artificial intelligence (AI) in assisted reproductive treatment (ART) clinics and explores how AI learns and develops a dataset to provide clinical guidance. Chapter Four consists of a study focused on the etiopathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma using laboratory mice. Chapter Five presents and comments on the current evidence regarding diagnostics in patients with metastatic breast cancer based on circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Lastly, Chapter Six reviews the pathogenetic and clinical features of inner ear involvement in congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV), the most frequent non-genetic cause of permanent sensorineural hearing loss in childhood.Table of ContentsPreface; The Impact of Sequencing Human Genome on Genomic Medicine and the Discovery of AZQ (US Patent 4,146,622) Specifically Designed to Shut Off Genes that Cause Brain Cancer; CU(I)-Transport ATPases. Molecular Architecture, Catalysis and Adaptation to Extreme Environments; The AI Doctor Will See You Now: Are Doctors and Embryologists No Longer Indispensable in Assisted Reproductive Treatment (ART)?; Search for New Theories of Etiopathogenesis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: Features of Level of Intraocular Pressure and Number of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Conditions of Genetic Defect of Different Subtypes of A1-Adrenoreceptors; Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Ready for Clinical Practice?; Inner Ear Involvement in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection; Index.

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Book SynopsisOn August 2, 2007, Congress passed the America COMPETES Act (H.R. 2272), which the President signed into law (P.L. 110-69) on August 9, 2007. The act responds to concerns that the United States may not be able to compete economically with other nations in the future due to insufficient investment today in science and technology research and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and workforce development. A similar concern had led President Bush to announce the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI) in January 2006 during his State of the Union address. The America COMPETES Act authorises an increase in the nation''s investment in science and engineering research and in STEM education from kindergarten to graduate school and postdoctoral education. The act also establishes the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) and Discovery Science and Engineering Innovation Institutes. (Appendix A provides a summary of the act''s programs.) The act authorises increases in funding for the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) laboratories, and the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science over FY2008-FY2010. If maintained, the increases would double the budgets of those agencies over seven years. The Administration''s ACI also proposes a doubling-path, but for over ten years for physical sciences and engineering research at the three agencies. Within DOE, ARPA-E is designed to support transformational energy technology research projects with the goal of enhancing the economic and energy security of the United States, based on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The Administration and others support the conceptual goal of ARPA-E, but questions whether or not the DARPA model can be used for the energy sector, and has concerns about it potentially redirecting funds from current DOE research activities. ARPA-E proponents counter that ARPA-E is needed to facilitate the energy marketplace by accelerating research that will bridge the gap between basic research and industrial development. At the heart of the America COMPETES Act is the goal of maintaining the United States as the leader in the global economy. Three broad trends influence today''s globalisation of the economy. The first is technology, which has sharply reduced the cost of communication and transportation that previously divided markets. The second is a dramatic increase in the world supply of labour producing goods and services traded internationally. The third is government policies that have reduced barriers to trade and investment.

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Book SynopsisThe United States government supports a broad range of scientific and engineering research and development R&D. Its purposes include addressing specific concerns such as national defence, health, safety, the environment, and energy security, as well as advancing knowledge generally, developing the scientific and engineering workforce and strengthening U.S. innovation and competitiveness in the global economy. The federal government has played an important role in supporting R&D efforts that have led to scientific breakthroughs and new technologies. This book examines the federal role in funding research and development in such areas as energy technology, colleges and universities, and others.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisCan the methods of science be directed toward science itself? How did it happen that scientists, scientific documents, and their bibliographic links came to be regarded as mathematical variables in abstract models of scientific communication? What is the role of quantitative analyses of scientific and technical documentation in current science policy and management? Bibliometrics and Citation Analysis: From the Science Citation Index to Cybermetrics answers these questions through a comprehensive overview of theories, techniques, concepts, and applications in the interdisciplinary and steadily growing field of bibliometrics. Since citation indexes came into the limelight during the mid-1960s, citation networks have become increasingly important for many different research fields. The book begins by investigating the empirical, philosophical, and mathematical foundations of bibliometrics, including its beginnings with the Science Citation Index, the theoretical framework behind it, anTrade ReviewThis book is particularly recommended for practicing bibliometricians to gain a historical overview of their field, for humanities-oriented scholars of bibliometrics as a way of engaging with the key debates of the field, and for policy makers and research managers who need to understand bibliometrics because of its use within their sphere of operations. It is well-written, authoritative, and valuable . . . This book would be an excellent text for students enrolled in an academic librarianship course because it provides a good overview of the complex issues academic librarians face in today's environment. This book is a testament to all the researchers and practitioners who are trying to ensure that academic librarians meet the needs of their clientele. * Library & Information Science Research *A broad and enjoyable introduction to the history, theory and techniques of bibliometrics. * Higher Education Academy: Information and Computer Sciences, August 2009 *

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Book SynopsisTrade ReviewThe foreword provides interesting background on the hurtles to getting the still-relevant handbook declassified. * Book News, Inc. *

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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