Energy, power generation, distribution and storage Books

Book SynopsisThe classic guide to power system stability and controlâupdated for the latest advancesThis thoroughly revised engineering guide contains the hands-on information needed to understand, model, analyze, and solve problems using the latest technical tools. You will explore the structure of modern power systems, the different levels of control, and the nature of stability problems. Power System Stability and Control, Second Edition contains complete explanations of equipment characteristics and modeling techniques along with real-world examples. This edition features coverage of adaptive control and other emerging applications, including cyber security of power systems.Coverage includes: General characteristics of modern power systems The power grid stability problem Synchronous machine theory and modelling Synchronous machine parameters Synchronous machine representation in stability studies AC transmission<

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Up-to-date coverage of every facet of electric power in a single volumeThis fully revised, industry-standard resource offers practical details on every aspect of electric power engineering. The book contains in-depth discussions from more than 100 internationally recognized experts. Generation, transmission, distribution, operation, system protection, and switchgear are thoroughly explained. Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Seventeenth Edition, features brand-new sections on measurement and instrumentation, interconnected power grids, smart grids and

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Book SynopsisWith its practical approach to design, Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, Fourth Edition distinguishes itself from other books by presenting information and guidance that is shaped primarily by the user's needs and point of view. Expanded and revised to address recent industry developments, the fourth edition of this classic reference is re-organized and improved, again serving as a constant aid for anyone seeking to apply the state of the art in transformer and inductor design. Carefully considering key factors such as overall system weight, power conversion efficiency, and cost, the author introduces his own new equation for the power handling ability of the core, intended to give engineers faster and tighter design control. The book begins by providing the basic fundamentals of magnetics, followed by an explanation of design using the Kg or Ap techniques. It also covers subjects such as laminations, tape cores, powder cores and ferrites, and iron alTrade Review"Every transformer designer needs to have a copy of this book. Not only will it be helpful for designing transformers, but it provides an in-depth background of the fundamentals of transformer magnetic, including the latest designs used in modern switching power supplies."—John J. Shea, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, November/December 2012, Vol. 28, No. 6Praise for the Previous Edition:"Not only would the expert working on a specific design benefit from this handbook, but also the general reader would get a very good working knowledge on transformer design because the book covers fundamentals and magnetic material characteristics in a very clearly written, easy-to-read style. … Along with all of the practical design examples, the book is filled with clear and well-annotated illustrations and circuit schematics that provide great insight; the many references make this book a must have for anyone designing transformers or inductors."—IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Feb. 2005"This book is a must for engineers doing magnetic design. Whether you are working on high "rel" state of the art design or high volume, low cost production, this book will help you."—Robert G. Noah, Application Engineering Manager (retired), Magnetics, Division of Spang and Company"Every transformer designer needs to have a copy of this book. Not only will it be helpful for designing transformers, but it provides an in-depth background of the fundamentals of transformer magnetic, including the latest designs used in modern switching power supplies."—John J. Shea, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, November/December 2012, Vol. 28, No. 6Praise for the Previous Edition:"Not only would the expert working on a specific design benefit from this handbook, but also the general reader would get a very good working knowledge on transformer design because the book covers fundamentals and magnetic material characteristics in a very clearly written, easy-to-read style. … Along with all of the practical design examples, the book is filled with clear and well-annotated illustrations and circuit schematics that provide great insight; the many references make this book a must have for anyone designing transformers or inductors."—IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Feb. 2005"This book is a must for engineers doing magnetic design. Whether you are working on high "rel" state of the art design or high volume, low cost production, this book will help you."—Robert G. Noah, Application Engineering Manager (retired), Magnetics, Division of Spang and CompanyTable of ContentsFundamentals of Magnetics. Magnetic Materials and Their Characteristics. Magnetic Cores. Window Utilization, Magnet Wire and Insulation. Transformer Design Trade-Offs. Transformer-Inductor Efficiency, Regulation, and Temperature Rise. Power Transformer Design. DC Inductor Design, Using Gapped Cores. DC Inductor Design, Using Powder Cores. AC Inductor Design. Constant Voltage Transformer (CVT). Three-Phase Transformer Design. Flyback Converters, Transformer Design. Forward Converter, Transformer Design, and Output Inductor Design. Input Filter Design. Current Transformer Design. Winding Capacitance and Leakage Inductance. Quiet Converter Design. Rotary Transformer Design. Planar Transformers and Inductors. Derivations for the Design Equations. Autotransformer Design. Common-Mode Inductor Design. Series Saturable Reactor Design. Self-Saturating, Magnetic Amplifiers. Designing Inductors for a Given Resistance

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Table of ContentsSteam power plant cycles Steam generator Fuels and combustion Pulverized coal fired boiler Fluidized bed combustion boiler Steam turbine Gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator Diesel power plant Steam power plant systems Automatic control Interlock & protection Start-up & shut-down Abnormal operating conditions Air pollution control Codes and standards for power plant design and operation

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction to Power Quality 2. Harmonic Models of Transformers 3. Modeling and Analysis of Induction Machines 4. Modeling and Analysis of Synchronous Machines 5. Performance of Power-Electronic Drives with Respect to Speed and Torque 6. Interaction of Harmonics with Capacitors 7. Lifetime Reduction of Transformers and Induction Machines 8. Power System Modeling under Nonsinusoidal Operating Conditions 9. Impact of Poor Power Quality on Reliability, Relaying and Security 10. The Roles of Filters in Power Systems and Unified Power Quality Conditioners 11. Optimal Placement and Sizing of Shunt Capacitor Banks in the Presence of Harmonics 12. Power Quality Solutions for Renewable Energy Systems

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction of integrated multi-energy systems 2. Modeling of integrated multi-energy systems 3. Uncertainty modelling of wind power for stochastic and robust optimization 4. Optimal operation of multi-energy building complex 5. MPC based real-time dispatch of multi-energy building complex 6. Adaptive robust two-stage optimal operation of integrated electricity and heat system 7. Decentralized robust optimal operation of multiple integrated electricity and heat systems 8. Chance constrained energy and reserve scheduling for integrated electricity and heating systems considering wind spatio-temporal correlations 9. Day-ahead stochastic optimal operation of integrated electricity and heat systems considering reserve of flexible devices 10. Two-stage stochastic optimal operation of integrated energy systems 11. MPC based real-time operation of integrated energy systems

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Book SynopsisLet There Be Light is a groundbreaking history of electrification in Hong Kong. Mark L. Clifford traces how a power company and its visionary founder jumpstarted the British colony’s postwar economic rise and set in motion far-reaching political and social change.Trade ReviewLet There Be Light is a cultural, business, and political history of the world’s single most indispensable technology—electricity generation—in a great city that it helped create. This elegantly written, deeply researched, and thoughtful book offers, in microcosm, a global vision of development, finance, and state engagement with the economy. -- Thomas W. Laqueur, author of The Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal RemainsAn insightful and vivid history. Mark Clifford challenges the conventional view of Hong Kong as a laissez-faire state. He shows instead the complex and successful collaboration between its government and its most important industry—electricity. At the center stands Lawrence Kadoorie—a colonial British capitalist at the door of communist China, a Jewish entrepreneur in a city riven with antisemitism. This is a valuable history of business and of technology—and of Hong Kong’s and China’s rise. -- Jonathan Kaufman, author of The Last Kings of Shanghai: The Rival Jewish Dynasties That Helped Create Modern ChinaBeautifully written and rich in fascinating detail, Let There Be Light tells the history of China Light & Power—a company that shaped modern Hong Kong. With scholarly rigor and a journalist’s flair for storytelling, Clifford chronicles the central role a company and its people played in building one of the world’s great cities. An impressive achievement and essential reading for anyone interested in electricity markets, Hong Kong history, or the relationship between businesses and governments more broadly. -- David Sandalow, author of Guide to Chinese Climate PolicyTable of Contents1. Private Light and Colonial Power2. In the Beginning: China Light & Power, 1900–19403. War, Occupation, and New Possibilities, 1941–19464. “The Problem of People,” 1947–19585. Electricity as a Political Project, 1959–19646. “Die-Hard Reactionary” in the Expanding Colonial State, 1964–19737. “Intelligent Anticipation” for “1997 and All That,” 1974–19828. Sing the City ElectricAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisLet There Be Light is a groundbreaking history of electrification in Hong Kong. Mark L. Clifford traces how a power company and its visionary founder jumpstarted the British colony’s postwar economic rise and set in motion far-reaching political and social change.Trade ReviewLet There Be Light is a cultural, business, and political history of the world’s single most indispensable technology—electricity generation—in a great city that it helped create. This elegantly written, deeply researched, and thoughtful book offers, in microcosm, a global vision of development, finance, and state engagement with the economy. -- Thomas W. Laqueur, author of The Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal RemainsAn insightful and vivid history. Mark Clifford challenges the conventional view of Hong Kong as a laissez-faire state. He shows instead the complex and successful collaboration between its government and its most important industry—electricity. At the center stands Lawrence Kadoorie—a colonial British capitalist at the door of communist China, a Jewish entrepreneur in a city riven with antisemitism. This is a valuable history of business and of technology—and of Hong Kong’s and China’s rise. -- Jonathan Kaufman, author of The Last Kings of Shanghai: The Rival Jewish Dynasties That Helped Create Modern ChinaBeautifully written and rich in fascinating detail, Let There Be Light tells the history of China Light & Power—a company that shaped modern Hong Kong. With scholarly rigor and a journalist’s flair for storytelling, Clifford chronicles the central role a company and its people played in building one of the world’s great cities. An impressive achievement and essential reading for anyone interested in electricity markets, Hong Kong history, or the relationship between businesses and governments more broadly. -- David Sandalow, author of Guide to Chinese Climate PolicyTable of Contents1. Private Light and Colonial Power2. In the Beginning: China Light & Power, 1900–19403. War, Occupation, and New Possibilities, 1941–19464. “The Problem of People,” 1947–19585. Electricity as a Political Project, 1959–19646. “Die-Hard Reactionary” in the Expanding Colonial State, 1964–19737. “Intelligent Anticipation” for “1997 and All That,” 1974–19828. Sing the City ElectricAcknowledgmentsNotesBibliographyIndex

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Book SynopsisDynamic Positioning for Engineers enables the reader to acquire the basic knowledge of the concepts and understanding of the dynamic positioning (DP) system from the systems perspective. This book illustrates the system, subsystems and components of the DP system to better tackle maintenance, problems and breakdowns, leading to an increased mean time between failures and effective fault finding on dynamic positioning DP-related equipment. Overall, this text will help professionals reduce downtime and higher repair costs. Aimed at onboard electrical engineers, engine room watch officers, chief engineers, DP professionals onboard, in onshore officers and those taking DP training courses, this book: Explains automation and its application in the DP system Describes environmental sensors and position reference sensors as important inputs to the DP system Includes chapters on power management and thrusters Aids engineers in maintaining a the DP system in good operational condition Table of Contents1. Introduction to Offshore. 2. Historical background to development of Dynamic Positioning. 3. The Seven Components of DP System. 4. Six Degrees of Freedom – Basics of Dynamic Positioning. 5. Different Types of DP Vessels and their applications. 6. DP Class / Equipment class (IMO-MSC 645/1580). 7. Basics of Electrical Propulsion and Thruster Types. 8. Thruster Controls and Automation of thrusters in DP. 9. Power Management System. 10. Harmonics in Power Syatem. 11. Introduction to Environmental Sensors. 12. Introduction to Position Reference Sensors. 13. Handling of Position Reference Sensors & Various Tests on PRS. 14. Architecture of DP System. 15. Basics of Networking in DP Systems. 16. Types of Signals used in DP Automation. 17. Consequence Analysis, Capability Plot, Foot prints and Motion Prediction. 18. DP Trials & Documentation. 19. Circuit Tracing & Fault Finding on DP. 20. Roles and Responsibilities. 21. Glossary. 22. References.

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Book SynopsisSmart distribution networks are one of the key research topics of countries looking to modernise electric power networks. Smart Electricity Distributions Networks aims to provide a basic discussion of the smart distribution concept and new technologies related to it, including distributed energy resources (DERs), demand side integration, microgrids, CELL and virtual power plants. With writing from leading contributors in the field of smart distribution networks, this volume discusses different concepts within the field as well as the best methods to analyse smart distribution systems to provide a cohesive overview of issues relating to Smart Grid and related technologies. This book will be valuable to those with an interest in understanding the technologies and performance of smart distribution networks as well as engaging with the wider debate over the future Smart Grid.Table of ContentsTable of ContentsPrefaceAbout the ContributorsAcknowledgements Introduction Fundamentals of Distributed Energy Resources Management of Distributed Energy Resources ICT Infrastructure and Cyber Security Power Electronics in Distribution Systems Operation Simulation and Analysis Transient Analysis Control and Protection of Microgrids Energy Management and Optimal Planning of Microgrids Planning of Smart Distribution Systems DC Distribution Networks

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of the linear theory of electromagnetics and its application to the design of electrical machines. Leveraging valuable classroom insight gained by the authors during their impressive and ongoing teaching careers, this text emphasizes concepts rather than numerical methods, providing preseTrade Review"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."— Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines."— Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior."— Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India"… unravels intricacies of the subject in a simple and systematic manner. … one of few books which cover a difficult subject through inquisition and using programmed concept for learning. The authors have spent considerable time in formulating the structure of the book and its contents. I think they have been successful in their attempt. There have been several books on electromagnetic fields, each one having its own flavor. However, the present book is a different attempt to teach the concept of electromagnetic field theory (EMFT), and its application to the theory and design of electrical machines. The contributions of the authors of this book in various research and scientific areas are outstanding. They are academicians who have devoted themselves to the task of educating young minds and inculcating scientific temper amongst them. I must heartily congratulate the authors for the magnificent job they have done."—Brig. (Dr.) Surjit Pabla, Vice Chancellor, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh, India"The authors of this book set out to achieve the goal of presenting electromagnetics for electrical machines in a simple and systematic manner. I think they achieve that goal. They reduce Maxwell’s equations to Laplace’s equation, Poisson’s equation, wave equation, and eddy current equation and apply them to electrical machines."—Matthew Sadiku, Prairie View A&M University"I particularly value the approach taken of developing accurate theoretical electromagnetic models for several electrical machine structures. Traditional approaches of using lumped element models for machine parts, and then trying to modify the resulting equivalent network by taking into account the effect of these elements having non-zero physical size in a piece-meal fashion do not develop the user’s basic comprehensive insight into all aspects of the electromagnetic fields which can have some effect on machine behavior."—Philip H. Alexander, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of WindsorTable of ContentsIntroduction. Review of Field Equations. Theorems, Revisited. Laplacian Fields. Eddy Currents in Magnetic Cores. Laminated-Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Un-Laminated Rotor Polyphase Induction Machines. Case Studies. Numerical Computation. Appendices.

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In the last decades robots are expected to be of increasing intelligence to deal with a large range of tasks. Especially, robots are supposed to be able to learn manipulation skills from humans. To this end, a number of learning algorithms and techniques have been developed and successfully implemented for various robotic tasks. Among these methods, learning from demonstrations (LfD) enables robots to effectively and efficiently acquire skills by learning from human demonstrators, such that a robot can be quickly programmed to perform a new task.This book introduces recent results on the development of advanced LfD-based learning and control approaches to improve the robot dexterous manipulation. First, there''s an introduction to the simulation tools and robot platforms used in the authors'' research. In order to enable a robot learning of human-like adaptive skills, the book explains how to transfer a human user's arm variable stiffness to the robot, based on the online est

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Book SynopsisThe proliferation of multicore processors in the embedded market for Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) makes developing real-time embedded applications increasingly difficult. What is the underlying theory that makes multicore real-time possible? How does theory influence application design? When is a real-time operating system (RTOS) useful? What RTOS features do applications need? How does a mature RTOS help manage the complexity of multicore hardware?Real-Time Systems Development with RTEMS and Multicore Processorsanswers these questions and more with exemplar Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems (RTEMS) RTOS to provide concrete advice and examples for constructing useful, feature-rich applications. RTEMS is free, open-source software that supports multi-processor systems for over a dozen CPU architectures and over 150 specific system boards in applications spanning the range of IoT and CPS domains such as satellites, particle accelerators, robots, racing motorcycles, building controls, medical devices, and more.The focus of this book is on enabling real-time embedded software engineering while providing sufficient theoretical foundations and hardware background to understand the rationale for key decisions in RTOS and application design and implementation. The topics covered in this book include: Cross-compilation for embedded systems development Concurrent programming models used in real-time embedded software Real-time scheduling theory and algorithms used in wide practice Usage and comparison of two application programmer interfaces (APIs) in real-time embedded software: POSIX and the RTEMS Classic APIs Design and implementation in RTEMS of commonly found RTOS features for schedulers, task management, time-keeping, inter-task synchronization, inter-task communication, and networking The challenges introduced by multicore hardware, advances in multicore real-time theory, and software engineering multicore real-time systems with RTEMS All the authors of this book are experts in the academic field of real-time embedded systems. Two of the authors are primary open-source maintainers of the RTEMS software project.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC-BY-SA) International license.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction. PART I Operating System Basics. Chapter 2 Cross-Compilation Toolchain. Chapter 3 Concurrent Programming and Scheduling Algorithms. Chapter 4 Scheduling Analysis and Interrupt Handling. PART II Task Management and Timekeeping. Chapter 5 Task Management and Timekeeping, Classic API. Chapter 6 Task Management and Timekeeping, POSIX API. PART III InterTask Synchronization and Communication. Chapter 7 Inter-Task Synchronization and Communication (IPC) Based on Shared Memory. Chapter 8 IPC, Task Execution, and Scheduling. Chapter 9 IPC Based on Message Passing. PART IV Network Communication. Chapter 10 Network Communication in RTEMS. Chapter 11 POSIX Sockets API. PART V Multicores in Realtime Embedded Systems. Chapter 12 Multicores in Embedded Systems. Chapter 13 Multicore Concurrency: Issues and Solutions. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisSmall satellites use commercial off-the-shelf sensors and actuators for attitude determination and control (ADC) to reduce the cost. These sensors and actuators are usually not as robust as the available, more expensive, space-proven equipment. As a result, the ADC system of small satellites is more vulnerable to any fault compared to a system for larger competitors. This book aims to present useful solutions for fault tolerance in ADC systems of small satellites. The contents of the book can be divided into two categories: fault tolerant attitude filtering algorithms for small satellites and sensor calibration methods to compensate the sensor errors. MATLAB will be used to demonstrate simulations. Presents fault tolerant attitude estimation algorithms for small satellites with an emphasis on algorithms' practicability and applicability Incorporates fundamental knowledge about the attitude determination methods at large Discusses comTable of Contents1. Attitude Parameters. 2. Mathematical Models For Small Satellite Attitude Dynamics and Kinematics. 3. Attitude Sensors. 4. Attitude Sensor Measurement Models. 5. Attitude Determination Using Two Vector Measurements – TRIAD Method. 6. Statistical Methods For Three-Axis Attitude Determination. 7. Kalman Filtering. 8. Adaptive Kalman Filtering. 9. Kalman Filtering for Small Satellite Attitude Estimation. 10. Integration of Single-Frame Methods With Filtering Algorithms For Attitude Estimation. 11. Active Fault Tolerant Attitude Estimation. 12. Fault Tolerant Attitude Estimation: R-Adaptation Methods. 13. Fault Tolerant Attitude Estimation: Q-Adaptation Methods. 14. Integration of R- and Q-Adaptation Methods. 15. In-Orbit Calibration Of Small Satellite Magnetometers: Batch Calibration Algorithms. 16. In-Orbit Calibration Of Small Satellite Magnetometers: Recursive Calibration Algorithms. Index

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Book SynopsisA thoroughly revised third edition of this widely praised, bestselling textbook presents a comprehensive systems-level perspective of electric and hybrid vehicles with emphasis on technical aspects, mathematical relationships and basic design guidelines. The emerging technologies of electric vehicles require the dedication of current and future engineers, so the target audience for the book is the young professionals and students in engineering eager to learn about the area. The book is concise and clear, its mathematics are kept to a necessary minimum and it contains a well-balanced set of contents of the complex technology. Engineers of multiple disciplines can either get a broader overview or explore in depth a particular aspect of electric or hybrid vehicles.Additions in the third edition include simulation-based design analysis of electric and hybrid vehicles and their powertrain components, particularly that of traction inverters, electric machines and motor drives. TheTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction to Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Chapter 2 Vehicle Mechanics Chapter 3 Vehicle Architectures and Design Chapter 4 Autonomous Vehicles Chapter 5 Battery Energy Storage Chapter 6 Alternative Energy Storage Chapter 7 Electric Machines Chapter 8 Control of AC Machines Chapter 9 Power Electronic Converters Chapter 10 Electric Motor Drives Chapter 11 Vehicle Controllers and Communication Chapter 12 Electric Vehicles and the Power Grid Chapter 13 Internal Combustion Engines Chapter 14 Power Transmission, Brakes and Cooling Systems Chapter 15 Hybrid Vehicle Control Strategy

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Book SynopsisElectric Energy Systems, Second Edition provides an analysis of electric generation and transmission systems that addresses diverse regulatory issues. It includes fundamental background topics, such as load flow, short circuit analysis, and economic dispatch, as well as advanced topics, such as harmonic load flow, state estimation, voltage and frequency control, electromagnetic transients, etc. The new edition features updated material throughout the text and new sections throughout the chapters. It covers current issues in the industry, including renewable generation with associated control and scheduling problems, HVDC transmission, and use of synchrophasors (PMUs). The text explores more sophisticated protections and the new roles of demand, side management, etc. Written by internationally recognized specialists, the text contains a wide range of worked out examples along with numerous exercises and solutions to enhance understanding of the material.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Electric Energy Systems: An Overview Chapter 2 Steady-State Single-Phase Models of Power System Components Chapter 3 Load Flow Chapter 4 State Estimation Chapter 5 Economics of Electricity Generation Chapter 6 Optimal and Secure Operation of Transmission Systems Chapter 7 Three-Phase Linear and Nonlinear Models of Power System Components Chapter 8 Fault Analysis and Protection Systems Chapter 9 Frequency and Voltage Control Chapter 10 Angle, Voltage, and Frequency Stability Chapter 11 Three-Phase Power Flow and Harmonic Analysis Chapter 12 Electromagnetic Transients Analysis Appendix A Solution of Linear Equation Systems Appendix B Mathematical Programing Appendix C Dynamic Models of Electric Machines

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Book SynopsisIntegrating renewable energy and other distributed energy sources into smart grids, often via power inverters, is arguably the largest new frontier for smart grid advancements. Inverters should be controlled properly so that their integration does not jeopardize the stability and performance of power systems and a solid technical backbone is formed to facilitate other functions and services of smart grids. This unique reference offers systematic treatment of important control problems in power inverters, and different general converter theories. Starting at a basic level, it presents conventional power conversion methodologies and then non-conventional' methods, with a highly accessible summary of the latest developments in power inverters as well as insight into the grid connection of renewable power. Consisting of four parts Power Quality Control, Neutral Line Provision, Power Flow Control, and Synchronisation this book fully demonstrates the integration of controlTrade Review"From basic level to latest developments it covers every aspect to be a helpful resource both in practice and research." (VGB PowerTech, 1 May 2013) Table of ContentsPreface xvii Acknowledgments xix About the Authors xxi List of Abbreviations xxiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Outline of the Book 1 1.2 Basics of Power Processing 4 1.3 Hardware Issues 24 1.4 Wind Power Systems 44 1.5 Solar Power Systems 53 1.6 Smart Grid Integration 55 2 Preliminaries 63 2.1 Power Quality Issues 63 2.2 Repetitive Control 67 2.3 Reference Frames 71 PART I POWER QUALITY CONTROL 3 Current H∞ Repetitive Control 81 3.1 System Description 81 3.2 Controller Design 82 3.3 Design Example 87 3.4 Experimental Results 88 3.5 Summary 91 4 Voltage and Current H∞ Repetitive Control 93 4.1 System Description 93 4.2 Modelling of an Inverter 94 4.3 Controller Design 96 4.4 Design Example 100 4.5 Simulation Results 102 4.6 Summary 107 5 Voltage H∞ Repetitive Control with a Frequency-adaptive Mechanism 109 5.1 System Description 109 5.2 Controller Design 110 5.3 Design Example 116 5.4 Experimental Results 117 5.5 Summary 126 6 Cascaded Current-Voltage H∞ Repetitive Control 127 6.1 Operation Modes in Microgrids 127 6.2 Control Scheme 129 6.3 Design of the Voltage Controller 131 6.4 Design of the Current Controller 133 6.5 Design Example 134 6.6 Experimental Results 136 6.7 Summary 147 7 Control of Inverter Output Impedance 149 7.1 Inverters with Inductive Output Impedances (L-inverters) 149 7.2 Inverters with Resistive Output Impedances (R-inverters) 150 7.3 Inverters with Capacitive Output Impedances (C-inverters) 152 7.4 Design of C-inverters to Improve the Voltage THD 153 7.5 Simulation Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 157 7.6 Experimental Results for R-, L- and C-inverters 159 7.7 Impact of the Filter Capacitor 162 7.8 Summary 163 8 Bypassing Harmonic Current Components 165 8.1 Controller Design 165 8.2 Physical Interpretation of the Controller 167 8.3 Stability Analysis 169 8.4 Experimental Results 171 8.5 Summary 172 9 Power Quality Issues in Traction Power Systems 173 9.1 Introduction 173 9.2 Description of the Topology 175 9.3 Compensation of Negative-sequence Currents, Reactive Power and Harmonic Currents 175 9.4 Special Case: cos θ = 1 180 9.5 Simulation Results 181 9.6 Summary 184 PART II NEUTRAL LINE PROVISION 10 Topology of a Neutral Leg 187 10.1 Introduction 187 10.2 Split DC Link 188 10.3 Conventional Neutral Leg 189 10.4 Independently-controlled Neutral Leg 190 10.5 Summary 191 11 Classical Control of a Neutral Leg 193 11.1 Mathematical Modelling 193 11.2 Controller Design 195 11.3 Performance Evaluation 199 11.4 Selection of the Components 201 11.5 Simulation Results 202 11.6 Summary 205 12 H∞ Voltage-Current Control of a Neutral Leg 207 12.1 Mathematical Modelling 207 12.2 Controller Design 210 12.3 Selection of Weighting Functions 214 12.4 Design Example 215 12.5 Simulation Results 216 12.6 Summary 217 13 Parallel PI Voltage-H∞ Current Control of a Neutral Leg 219 13.1 Description of the Neutral Leg 219 13.2 Design of an 13.3 Addition of a Voltage Control Loop 226 13.4 Experimental Results 226 13.5 Summary 230 14 Applications in Single-phase to Three-phase Conversion 233 14.1 Introduction 233 14.2 The Topology under Consideration 236 14.3 Basic Analysis 237 14.4 Controller Design 239 14.5 Simulation Results 244 14.6 Summary 248 PART III POWER FLOW CONTROL 15 Current Proportional–Integral Control 251 15.1 Control Structure 251 15.2 Controller Implementation 254 15.3 Experimental Results 254 15.4 Summary 258 16 Current Proportional-Resonant Control 259 16.1 Proportional-resonant Controller 259 16.2 Control Structure 260 16.3 Controller Design 261 16.4 Experimental Results 263 16.5 Summary 268 17 Current Deadbeat Predictive Control 269 17.1 Control Structure 269 17.2 Controller Design 269 17.3 Experimental Results 271 17.4 Summary 275 18 Synchronverters: Grid-friendly Inverters that Mimic Synchronous Generators 277 18.1 Mathematical Model of Synchronous Generators 278 18.2 Implementation of a Synchronverter 282 18.3 Operation of a Synchronverter 284 18.4 Simulation Results 287 18.5 Experimental Results 290 18.6 Summary 296 19 Parallel Operation of Inverters 297 19.1 Introduction 297 19.2 Problem Description 299 19.3 Power Delivered to a Voltage Source 300 19.4 Conventional Droop Control 301 19.5 Inherent Limitations of Conventional Droop Control 304 19.6 Robust Droop Control of R-inverters 309 19.7 Robust Droop Control of C-inverters 319 19.8 Robust Droop Control of L-inverters 326 19.9 Summary 330 20 Robust Droop Control with Improved Voltage Quality 335 20.1 Control Strategy 335 20.2 Experimental Results 337 20.3 Summary 346 21 Harmonic Droop Controller to Improve Voltage Quality 347 21.1 Model of an Inverter System 347 21.2 Power Delivered to a Current Source 349 21.3 Reduction of Harmonics in the Output Voltage 351 21.4 Simulation Results 353 21.5 Experimental Results 355 21.6 Summary 358 PART IV SYNCHRONISATION 22 Conventional Synchronisation Techniques 361 22.1 Introduction 361 22.2 Zero-crossing Method 362 22.3 Basic Phase-locked Loops (PLL) 363 22.4 PLL in the Synchronously Rotating Reference Frame (SRF-PLL) 364 22.5 Second-order Generalised Integrator-based PLL (SOGI-PLL) 366 22.6 Sinusoidal Tracking Algorithm (STA) 368 22.7 Simulation Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 369 22.8 Experimental Results with SOGI-PLL and STA 372 22.9 Summary 378 23 Sinusoid-locked Loops 379 23.1 Single-phase Synchronous Machine (SSM) Connected to the Grid 379 23.2 Structure of a Sinusoid-locked Loop (SLL) 380 23.3 Tracking of the Frequency and the Phase 382 23.4 Tracking of the Voltage Amplitude 382 23.5 Tuning of the Parameters 382 23.6 Equivalent Structure 383 23.7 Simulation Results 384 23.8 Experimental Results 386 23.9 Summary 390 References 393 Index 407

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Book SynopsisThe book is written as primer hand book for addressing the fundamentals of smart grid. It provides the working definition the functions, the design criteria and the tools and techniques and technology needed for building smart grid. The book is needed to provide a working guideline in the design, analysis and development of Smart Grid.Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1 SMART GRID ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Today's Grid versus the Smart Grid 2 1.3 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007: Rationale for the Smart Grid 2 1.4 Computational Intelligence 4 1.5 Power System Enhancement 5 1.6 Communication and Standards 5 1.7 Environment and Economics 5 1.8 Outline of the Book 5 1.9 General View of the Smart Grid Market Drivers 6 1.10 Stakeholder Roles and Function 6 1.11 Working Definition of the Smart Grid Based on Performance Measures 11 1.12 Representative Architecture 12 1.13 Functions of Smart Grid Components 12 1.14 Summary 15 2 SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY 16 2.1 Communication and Measurement 16 2.2 Monitoring, PMU, Smart Meters, and Measurements Technologies 19 2.3 GIS and Google Mapping Tools 23 2.4 Multiagent Systems (MAS) Technology 24 2.5 Microgrid and Smart Grid Comparison 27 2.6 Summary 27 3 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 29 3.1 Introduction to Load Flow Studies 29 3.2 Challenges to Load Flow in Smart Grid and Weaknesses of the Present Load Flow Methods 30 3.3 Load Flow State of the Art: Classical, Extended Formulations, and Algorithms 31 3.4 Congestion Management Effect 37 3.5 Load Flow for Smart Grid Design 38 3.6 DSOPF Application to the Smart Grid 41 3.7 Static Security Assessment (SSA) and Contingencies 43 3.8 Contingencies and Their Classification 44 3.9 Contingency Studies for the Smart Grid 48 3.10 Summary 49 4 STABILITY ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR SMART GRID 51 4.1 Introduction to Stability 51 4.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Existing Voltage Stability Analysis Tools 51 4.3 Voltage Stability Assessment 56 4.4 Voltage Stability Assessment Techniques 62 4.5 Voltage Stability Indexing 65 4.6 Analysis Techniques for Steady-State Voltage Stability Studies 68 4.7 Application and Implementation Plan of Voltage Stability 70 4.8 Optimizing Stability Constraint through Preventive Control of Voltage Stability 71 4.9 Angle Stability Assessment 73 4.10 State Estimation 81 5 COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR SMART GRID DESIGN 100 5.1 Introduction to Computational Tools 100 5.2 Decision Support Tools (DS) 101 5.3 Optimization Techniques 103 5.4 Classical Optimization Method 103 5.5 Heuristic Optimization 108 5.6 Evolutionary Computational Techniques 112 5.7 Adaptive Dynamic Programming Techniques 115 5.8 Pareto Methods 117 5.9 Hybridizing Optimization Techniques and Applications to the Smart Grid 118 5.10 Computational Challenges 118 5.11 Summary 119 6 PATHWAY FOR DESIGNING SMART GRID 122 6.1 Introduction to Smart Grid Pathway Design 122 6.2 Barriers and Solutions to Smart Grid Development 122 6.3 Solution Pathways for Designing Smart Grid Using Advanced Optimization and Control Techniques for Selection Functions 125 6.4 General Level Automation 125 6.5 Bulk Power Systems Automation of the Smart Grid at Transmission Level 130 6.6 Distribution System Automation Requirement of the Power Grid 132 6.7 End User/Appliance Level of the Smart Grid 137 6.8 Applications for Adaptive Control and Optimization 137 6.9 Summary 138 7 RENEWABLE ENERGY AND STORAGE 140 7.1 Renewable Energy Resources 140 7.2 Sustainable Energy Options for the Smart Grid 141 7.3 Penetration and Variability Issues Associated with Sustainable Energy Technology 148 7.4 Demand Response Issues 150 7.5 Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids 151 7.6 PHEV Technology 151 7.7 Environmental Implications 152 7.8 Storage Technologies 154 7.9 Tax Credits 158 7.10 Summary 159 8 INTEROPERABILITY, STANDARDS, AND CYBER SECURITY 160 8.1 Introduction 160 8.2 Interoperability 161 8.3 Standards 163 8.4 Smart Grid Cyber Security 166 8.5 Cyber Security and Possible Operation for Improving Methodology for Other Users 173 8.6 Summary 174 9 RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND TRAINING FOR THE SMART GRID 176 9.1 Introduction 176 9.2 Research Areas for Smart Grid Development 176 9.3 Research Activities in the Smart Grid 178 9.4 Multidisciplinary Research Activities 178 9.5 Smart Grid Education 179 9.6 Training and Professional Development 182 9.7 Summary 183 10 CASE STUDIES AND TESTBEDS FOR THE SMART GRID 184 10.1 Introduction 184 10.2 Demonstration Projects 184 10.3 Advanced Metering 185 10.4 Microgrid with Renewable Energy 185 10.5 Power System Unit Commitment (UC) Problem 186 10.6 ADP for Optimal Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Automation 191 10.7 Case Study of RER Integration 196 10.8 Testbeds and Benchmark Systems 197 10.9 Challenges of Smart Transmission 198 10.10 Benefits of Smart Transmission 198 10.11 Summary 198 References 199 11 EPILOGUE 200 Index 203

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Book SynopsisDesigned to support interactive teaching and computer assisted self-learning, this second edition of Electrical Energy Conversion and Transport is thoroughly updated to address the recent environmental effects of electric power generation and transmission, which have become more important together with the deregulation of the industry. New content explores different power generation methods, including renewable energy generation (solar, wind, fuel cell) and includes new sections that discuss the upcoming Smart Grid and the distributed power generation using renewable energy generation, making the text essential reading material for students and practicing engineers.Trade Review“This book is recommended reading for those interested in deepening their knowledge of electrical systems, energy conversion technologies, and the use of computer tools to assist in understanding of complex engineering problems.” (IEEE Power Electronics Society Newsletter, 1 August2013)Table of ContentsPreface and Acknowledgments xv 1 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS 1 1.1. Electric Networks 2 1.1.1. Transmission Systems 4 1.1.2. Distribution Systems 6 1.2. Traditional Transmission Systems 6 1.2.1. Substation Components 8 1.2.2. Substations and Equipment 9 1.2.3. Gas Insulated Switchgear 17 1.2.4. Power System Operation in Steady-State Conditions 18 1.2.5. Network Dynamic Operation (Transient Condition) 20 1.3. Traditional Distribution Systems 20 1.3.1. Distribution Feeder 21 1.3.2. Residential Electrical Connection 24 1.4. Intelligent Electrical Grids 26 1.4.1. Intelligent High-Voltage Transmission Systems 26 1.4.2. Intelligent Distribution Networks 28 1.5. Exercises 28 1.6. Problems 29 2 ELECTRIC GENERATING STATIONS 30 2.1. Fossil Power Plants 34 2.1.1. Fuel Storage and Handling 34 2.1.2. Boiler 35 2.1.3. Turbine 41 2.1.4. Generator and Electrical System 43 2.1.5. Combustion Turbine 47 2.1.6. Combined Cycle Plants 48 2.2. Nuclear Power Plants 49 2.2.1. Nuclear Reactor 50 2.2.2. Pressurized Water Reactor 53 2.2.3. Boiling Water Reactor 55 2.3. Hydroelectric Power Plants 56 2.3.1. Low Head Hydroplants 59 2.3.2. Medium- and High-Head Hydroplants 60 2.3.3. Pumped Storage Facility 62 2.4. Wind Farms 63 2.5. Solar Power Plants 66 2.5.1. Photovoltaics 66 2.5.2. Solar Thermal Plants 70 2.6. Geothermal Power Plants 72 2.7. Ocean Power 73 2.7.1. Ocean Tidal 74 2.7.2. Ocean Current 75 2.7.3. Ocean Wave 75 2.7.4. Ocean Thermal 76 2.8. Other Generation Schemes 76 2.9. Electricity Generation Economics 77 2.9.1. O&M Cost 79 2.9.2. Fuel Cost 79 2.9.3. Capital Cost 80 2.9.4. Overall Generation Costs 81 2.10. Load Characteristics and Forecasting 81 2.11. Environmental Impact 85 2.12. Exercises 86 2.13. Problems 86 3 SINGLE-PHASE CIRCUITS 89 3.1. Circuit Analysis Fundamentals 90 3.1.1. Basic Defi nitions and Nomenclature 90 3.1.2. Voltage and Current Phasors 91 3.1.3. Power 92 3.2. AC Circuits 94 3.3. Impedance 96 3.3.1. Series Connection 100 3.3.2. Parallel Connection 100 3.3.3. Impedance Examples 104 3.4. Loads 109 3.4.1. Power Factor 111 3.4.2. Voltage Regulation 116 3.5. Basic Laws and Circuit Analysis Techniques 116 3.5.1. Kirchhoff’s Current Law 117 3.5.2. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 123 3.5.3. Thévenin’s and Norton’s Theorems 127 3.6. Applications of Single-Phase Circuit Analysis 128 3.7. Summary 140 3.8. Exercises 141 3.9. Problems 141 4 THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS 145 4.1. Three-Phase Quantities 146 4.2. Wye-Connected Generator 151 4.3. Wye-Connected Loads 155 4.3.1. Balanced Wye Load (Four-Wire System) 156 4.3.2. Unbalanced Wye Load (Four-Wire System) 158 4.3.3. Wye-Connected Three-Wire System 160 4.4. Delta-Connected System 162 4.4.1. Delta-Connected Generator 162 4.4.2. Balanced Delta Load 163 4.4.3. Unbalanced Delta Load 166 4.5. Summary 168 4.6. Three-Phase Power Measurement 174 4.6.1. Four-Wire System 175 4.6.2. Three-Wire System 175 4.7. Per-Unit System 177 4.8. Symmetrical Components 182 4.8.1. Calculation of Phase Voltages from Sequential Components 182 4.8.2. Calculation of Sequential Components from Phase Voltages 183 4.8.3. Sequential Components of Impedance Loads 184 4.9. Application Examples 188 4.10. Exercises 203 4.11. Problems 204 5 TRANSMISSION LINES AND CABLES 207 5.1. Construction 208 5.2. Components of the Transmission Lines 215 5.2.1. Towers and Foundations 215 5.2.2. Conductors 216 5.2.3. Insulators 218 5.3. Cables 223 5.4. Transmission Line Electrical Parameters 224 5.5. Magnetic Field Generated by Transmission Lines 225 5.5.1. Magnetic Field Energy Content 229 5.5.2. Single Conductor Generated Magnetic Field 230 5.5.3. Complex Spatial Vector Mathematics 233 5.5.4. Three-Phase Transmission Line-Generated Magnetic Field 234 5.6. Transmission Line Inductance 239 5.6.1. External Magnetic Flux 240 5.6.2. Internal Magnetic Flux 241 5.6.3. Total Conductor Magnetic Flux 243 5.6.4. Three-Phase Line Inductance 244 5.7. Transmission Line Capacitance 249 5.7.1. Electric Field Generation 249 5.7.2. Electrical Field around a Conductor 250 5.7.3. Three-Phase Transmission Line Generated Electric Field 256 5.7.4. Three-Phase Line Capacitance 271 5.8. Transmission Line Networks 273 5.8.1. Equivalent Circuit for a Balanced System 273 5.8.2. Long Transmission Lines 277 5.9. Concept of Transmission Line Protection 282 5.9.1. Transmission Line Faults 282 5.9.2. Protection Methods 285 5.9.3. Fuse Protection 285 5.9.4. Overcurrent Protection 285 5.9.5. Distance Protection 288 5.10. Application Examples 289 5.10.1. Mathcad® Examples 289 5.10.2. PSpice®: Transient Short-Circuit Current in Transmission Lines 302 5.10.3. PSpice: Transmission Line Energization 304 5.11. Exercises 307 5.12. Problems 308 6 ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 313 6.1. Magnetic Circuits 314 6.1.1. Magnetic Circuit Theory 315 6.1.2. Magnetic Circuit Analysis 317 6.1.3. Magnetic Energy 323 6.1.4. Magnetization Curve 324 6.1.5. Magnetization Curve Modeling 329 6.2. Magnetic and Electric Field Generated Forces 336 6.2.1. Electric Field-Generated Force 336 6.2.2. Magnetic Field-Generated Force 337 6.3. Electromechanical System 343 6.3.1. Electric Field 344 6.3.2. Magnetic Field 345 6.4. Calculation of Electromagnetic Forces 347 6.5. Applications 352 6.5.1. Actuators 353 6.5.2. Transducers 356 6.5.3. Permanent Magnet Motors and Generators 362 6.5.4. Microelectromechanical Systems 365 6.6. Summary 368 6.7. Exercises 368 6.8. Problems 369 7 TRANSFORMERS 375 7.1. Construction 376 7.2. Single-Phase Transformers 381 7.2.1. Ideal Transformer 382 7.2.2. Real Transformer 391 7.2.3. Determination of Equivalent Transformer Circuit Parameters 399 7.3. Three-Phase Transformers 408 7.3.1. Wye–Wye Connection 410 7.3.2. Wye–Delta Connection 415 7.3.3. Delta–Wye Connection 418 7.3.4. Delta–Delta Connection 420 7.3.5. Summary 420 7.3.6. Analysis of Three-Phase Transformer Configurations 421 7.3.7. Equivalent Circuit Parameters of a Three-Phase Transformer 429 7.3.8. General Program for Computing Transformer Parameters 432 7.3.9. Application Examples 435 7.3.10. Concept of Transformer Protection 447 7.4. Exercises 450 7.5. Problems 451 8 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 456 8.1. Construction 456 8.1.1. Round Rotor Generator 457 8.1.2. Salient Pole Generator 459 8.1.3. Exciter 462 8.2. Operating Concept 465 8.2.1. Main Rotating Flux 465 8.2.2. Armature Flux 468 8.3. Generator Application 472 8.3.1. Loading 472 8.3.2. Reactive Power Regulation 472 8.3.3. Synchronization 473 8.3.4. Static Stability 474 8.4. Induced Voltage and Armature Reactance Calculation 487 8.4.1. Induced Voltage Calculation 488 8.4.2. Armature Reactance Calculation 496 8.5. Concept of Generator Protection 507 8.6. Application Examples 511 8.7. Exercises 535 8.8. Problems 536 9 INDUCTION MACHINES 541 9.1. Introduction 541 9.2. Construction 543 9.2.1. Stator 543 9.2.2. Rotor 546 9.3. Three-Phase Induction Motor 547 9.3.1. Operating Principle 547 9.3.2. Equivalent Circuit 553 9.3.3. Motor Performance 556 9.3.4. Motor Maximum Output 557 9.3.5. Performance Analyses 560 9.3.6. Determination of Motor Parameters by Measurement 570 9.4. Single-Phase Induction Motor 591 9.4.1. Operating Principle 592 9.4.2. Single-Phase Induction Motor Performance Analysis 595 9.5. Induction Generators 603 9.5.1. Induction Generator Analysis 603 9.5.2. Doubly Fed Induction Generator 606 9.6. Concept of Motor Protection 608 9.7. Exercises 610 9.8. Problems 611 10 DC MACHINES 616 10.1. Construction 616 10.2. Operating Principle 620 10.2.1. DC Motor 620 10.2.2. DC Generator 623 10.2.3. Equivalent Circuit 625 10.2.4. Excitation Methods 628 10.3. Operation Analyses 629 10.3.1. Separately Excited Machine 630 10.3.2. Shunt Machine 637 10.3.3. Series Motor 645 10.3.4. Summary 651 10.4. Application Examples 652 10.5. Exercises 669 10.6. Problems 669 11 INTRODUCTION TO POWER ELECTRONICS AND MOTOR CONTROL 673 11.1. Concept of DC Motor Control 674 11.2. Concept of AC Induction Motor Control 678 11.3. Semiconductor Switches 685 11.3.1. Diode 685 11.3.2. Thyristor 687 11.3.3. Gate Turn-Off Thyristor 692 11.3.4. Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor 693 11.3.5. Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor 695 11.3.6. Summary 696 11.4. Rectifi ers 697 11.4.1. Simple Passive Diode Rectifiers 697 11.4.2. Single-Phase Controllable Rectifiers 709 11.4.3. Firing and Snubber Circuits 726 11.4.4. Three-Phase Rectifiers 728 11.5. Inverters 729 11.5.1. Voltage Source Inverter with Pulse Width Modulation 732 11.5.2. Line-Commutated Thyristor-Controlled Inverter 735 11.5.3. High-Voltage DC Transmission 738 11.6. Flexible AC Transmission 739 11.6.1. Static VAR Compensator 740 11.6.2. Static Synchronous Compensator 744 11.6.3. Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor 744 11.6.4. Unifi ed Power Controller 747 11.7. DC-to-DC Converters 747 11.7.1. Boost Converter 748 11.7.2. Buck Converter 754 11.8. Application Examples 757 11.9. Exercises 773 11.10. Problems 774 Appendix A Introduction to Mathcad® 777 A.1. Worksheet and Toolbars 777 A.1.1. Text Regions 780 A.1.2. Calculations 780 A.2. Functions 783 A.2.1. Repetitive Calculations 784 A.2.2. Defining a Function 785 A.2.3. Plotting a Function 786 A.2.4. Minimum and Maximum Function Values 788 A.3. Equation Solvers 788 A.3.1. Root Equation Solver 789 A.3.2. Find Equation Solver 789 A.4. Vectors and Matrices 790 Appendix B Introduction to MATLAB® 794 B.1. Desktop Tools 794 B.2. Operators, Variables, and Functions 796 B.3. Vectors and Matrices 797 B.4. Colon Operator 799 B.5. Repeated Evaluation of an Equation 799 B.6. Plotting 800 B.7. Basic Programming 803 Appendix C Fundamental Units and Constants 805 C.1. Fundamental Units 805 C.2. Fundamental Physical Constants 809 Appendix D Introduction to PSpice® 810 D.1. Obtaining and Installing PSpice 810 D.2. Using PSpice 811 D.2.1. Creating a Circuit 811 D.2.2. Simulating a Circuit 812 D.2.3. Analyzing Simulation Results 813 Problem Solution Key 815 Bibliography 822 Index 824

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Book SynopsisCovering the fundamentals of electrical transients, this book should equip readers with the skills to recognise and solve transient problems in power networks and components, starting with the basics of transient electrical circuit theory.Trade Review"...intended readers are those responsible for design and operation of electric utility transmission systems...not for the mathematically disadvantaged..." (Electrical Apparatus, October 2001)Table of ContentsPreface. Basic Concepts and Simple Switching Transients. Transient Analysis of Three-Phase Power Systems. Travelling Waves. Circuit Breakers. Switching Transients. Power System Transient Recovery Voltages. Lightning-Induced Transients. Numerical Simulation of Electrical Transients. Insulation Coordination, Standardisation Bodies, and Standards. Testing of Circuit Breakers. Index.

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Book SynopsisElectrical engineering students are traditionally given but brief exposure to the important topic of electrical machines and transformers. This text/reference comprises a thorough and accessible introduction to the subject and this Second Edition contains more material on small machinery and a new chapter on the ``energy conversion'''' approach to calculation of magnetically developed forces. A circuit model is developed for each of the basic devices and the physical basis of each model is explained. Chapters are relatively independent of one another and follow the same general plan--coverage is broad and deep enough to permit flexibility in course design.Table of ContentsWhat Machines and Transformers Have in Common. Synchronous Machines. Transformers. Induction, or Asynchronous, Machines. Direct-Current Machines. Single-Phase Machines. Machines for Special Jobs. Forces and Torques in Electromagnetic Systems. Appendices. Glossary of Symbols. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis fourth volume of the Wiley Series in Environmentally Conscious Engineering, Environmentally Conscious Alternative Engergy Production describes and compares the environmental and economic impacts of renewable and conventional power generation technologies.Table of ContentsContributors. Preface. 1: Economic Comparisons of Power Generation Technologies (Todd S. Nemec). 2: Solar Energy Applications (Jan F. Kreider). 3: Fuel Cells (Matthew M. Mench). 4: Geothermal Resources and Technology: An Introduction (Peter D. Blair). 5: Wind Power Generation (Todd S. Nemec). 6: Cogeneration (Jerald A. Caton). 7: Hydrogen Energy (E. K. Stefanakos, D. Y. Goswami, S. S. Srinivasan, and J. T. Wolan). 8: Clean Power Generation from Coal (James W. Butler and Prabir Basu). 9: Using Waste Heat from Power Plants (Herbert A. Ingley III). Appendix A: Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector Manufacturing Activities 2005. Appendix B: Survey of Geothermal Heat Pump Shipments, 1990–2004. Index.

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Book SynopsisComputer models can be used to simulate the changing states of electrical power systems. Such simulations enable the power engineer to study performance and predict disturbances. Focusing on the performance of the power system boosted by the FACTS.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. Transmission Systems. FACTS and HVDC Transmission. Load Flow. Load Flow Under Power Electronic Control. Electromagnetic Transients. System Stability. System Stability Under Power Electronic Control. Appendix I: Fault Level Derivation. Appendix II: Numerical Integration Methods. Appendix III: Test System Used in the Stability Examples. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn in-depth treatment of the transient stability problem, its physical description and formulation. Discusses methods for transient stability analysis, sensitivity assessment and control. Considers conventional and non-conventional techniques including direct and artificial intelligence, system theory, load modeling, evaluation of machine parameters, saturation effects and pattern recognition approaches. Features practical examples and simulation results.Table of ContentsSynchronous Machines--Mathematical Description. Modeling of Power Systems for Stability Studies. Conventional Methods of Analysis. Lyapunov-Like Direct Methods. Extended Equal-Area Criterion. Decision Tree Transient Stability Method. Composite Electromechanical Distance Method. Appendices. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisPhotovoltaic conversion is a process for the direct conversion of sunlight into electricity. This book is a survey of recent achievements in solar concentration techniques for photovoltaic electricity generation.Table of ContentsFundamentals of Photovoltaic Conversion of Concentrated Sunlight(V. Rumyantsev). Ohmic Losses in Solar Cells (V. Rumyantsev). Concentrator Solar Cells (V. Andreev). Luminescent Phenomena in Concentrator Solar Cells (V.Rumyantsev). Transfer and Distribution of Radiant Energy in ConcentrationSystems (V. Grilikhes). Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants with Concentrators(V. Grilikhes). Index.

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Book SynopsisThe electricity sector is facing its toughest test: eliminate carbon emissions while meeting much larger demands for power and adjusting to massive disruptions in its markets, technologies, business models, and policies. Peter Fox-Penner unwinds the industry’s fast-moving challenges and makes realistic recommendations for this essential industry.Trade ReviewPower after Carbon calls to attention the dramatic changes in the electric power sector over the last decade. Fox-Penner leads us on a serious exploration of the various technologies, fuels, and system designs that transcend easy fixes to today’s challenges and opportunities: the drive for net zero carbon emissions; the rise of wind and solar; and the emphasis on both reliability and resilience. -- Ernest Moniz, former US Secretary of EnergyPeter Fox-Penner is among the world’s most respected and admired electricity experts—deeply informed, astute, and wise. This clear and engaging distillation of his insights will enlighten and stimulate readers in all sectors and at all levels. -- Amory B. Lovins, Cofounder and Chairman Emeritus, Rocky Mountain InstituteClearly written, assiduously researched, and never fantastical, Power after Carbon is a delight-filled primer for how to overhaul our electricity grid for the twenty-first century. If Fox-Penner can imagine and explain a carbon free system, then surely we can conceive of a way to build it! -- Gretchen Bakke, author of The Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy FutureExamines many important issues that require attention if society elects to accelerate carbon emission reductions through greater electrification of transportation and other end uses for energy…Fox-Penner has written a magnum opus for electricity regulators and other analysts working in this area. -- William F. Hederman * Regulation *Peter Fox-Penner has once again written a book that captures the zeitgeist of the electric utility industry at a pivotal moment. How we decarbonize the US power supply and incorporate new technologies, while still providing reliable and affordable electric service, is a daunting task. Power after Carbon lays out both the challenges and possible paths forward in a clear and cogent way, and should be required reading for anyone who wants to understand this industry. -- Sue Kelly, former President and CEO, American Public Power AssociationThe rapid transition to 100 percent clean energy generation requires not only political will, but also an understanding of the difficult choices that decision makers and advocates must address. This book clearly and comprehensively explains the decisions that must be made, the steps that must be taken, and the interactions between policy and technology judgments that must be understood. It is a must-read if we are to succeed in this critical task. -- Ken Berlin, President and CEO, The Climate Reality ProjectFox-Penner does it again! This unique, timely, and invaluable addition to the canon confronts our powerlessness before the ‘Almighty Grid’ and organizes our collective thinking in the wider field. A must-read for anyone interested in the energy transition that will affect us all. -- Malik Dahlan, Chair of International Law and Public Policy, Energy Law Institute, Queen Mary University of LondonIt is increasingly clear that climate change is the central issue of this century, yet global emissions continue to rise. On paper, decarbonizing the electric system is the easy part, but in the real world, it’s not so simple. In Power after Carbon, Peter Fox-Penner tackles the many thorny questions that arise, presenting a vision for how change is possible, if we rise to the occasion. -- Jeremy Grantham, Cofounder and Chief Investment Strategist, Grantham, Mayo & van OtterlooIn Power after Carbon, Fox-Penner uses his options framework to address the energy industry’s advances over the last decade. This excellent book will be particularly valuable to industry leaders, policymakers, and other stakeholders as we design the paths forward for our companies, and the customers and communities we serve. -- Robert Rowe, President and CEO, Northwestern EnergyAs the world sits on the precipice of an energy transformation, Power after Carbon provides a detailed look at the technology and policy challenges we will need to confront on the way to a fully clean grid. Even though the scope of the change is immense, Fox-Penner deftly paints a clear vision of what is possible, making this book an essential resource for anyone looking to understand what comes next in our energy future. -- Alicia Barton, President and CEO, New York State Energy Research and Development AuthorityIf you’re serious about climate policy, read this book. -- Joseph Romm, author of Climate Change: What Everyone Needs to Know

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Book SynopsisThis is a textbook designed for an advanced course in control theory. Currently most textbooks on the subject either looks at multivariate systems or non-linear systems. However, Control Theory is the only textbook available that covers both. It explains current developments in these two types of control techniques, and looks at tools for computer-aided design, for example Matlab and its toolboxes. To make full use of computer design tools, a good understanding of their theoretical basis is necessary, and to enable this, the book presents relevant mathematics clearly and simply. The practical limits of control systems are explored, and the relevance of these to control design are discussed. Control Theory is an ideal textbook for final-year undergraduate and postgraduate courses, and the student will be helped by a series of exercises at the end of each chapter. Professional engineers will also welcome it as a core reference.Table of ContentsPreface. Introduction. 1. Representation of linear systems 2. Properties of linear systems 3. Sampled data systems 4. Disturbance models 5. The closed loop system 6. Limitations and conflicts 7. Controller structures and design 8. Minimization of quadratic criteria 9. Shaping the loop again 10. Descriptions of nonlinear systems 11. Stability of nonlinear systems 12. Qualitative beviour. Phase Plane 13. Oscillations and describing functions 14. Controller synthesis for nonlinear systems 15. Model predictive control : MPC, GPC, and DMM 16. To compensate exactly for nonlinearities 17. Optimal control 18. Conclusion. Literature. Index. Index of examples.

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Book SynopsisProvides in depth discussion of the design, manufacturing, testing, installation, and operation of power and communication cables. This work offers information on the properties of material and teaches how they influence cable characteristics.Table of ContentsPREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. CHAPTER 1: CABLES: A CHRONOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE (R. Bartnikas). 1.1 Preliminary Remarks. 1.2 Power Cables. 1.3 Communication Cables. CHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF CABLE MATERIALS (R. Bartnikas). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Metallic Conductors. 2.3 Conductor and Insulation Semiconducting Shields. 2.4 Insulation. 2.5 Materials for Protective Coverings. 2.6 Armoring Materials. 2.7 Coverings for Corrosion Protection. 2.8 Conclusion. 2.9 Glossary of Cable Materials Technology. CHAPTER 3: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF EXTRUDED SOLID-DIELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION CABLES (H. D. Campbell and L J. Hiivala). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Design Fundamentals. 3.3 Design Considerations. 3.4 Design Objectives. 3.5 Solid-Dielectric Insulation Techniques. 3.6 Related Tests. CHAPTER 4: EXTRUDED SOLID-DIELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION CABLES (L J. Hiivala). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Design and Construction. 4.3 Manufacturing Methods. 4.4 Testing. 4.5 Accessories. 4.6 Concluding Remarks. CHAPTER 5: DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF OIL-IMPREGNATED PAPER INSULATED POWER DISTRIBUTION CABLES (W. K. Rybczynski). 5.1 Brief History of Development. 5.2 Elements of Solid-Type Oil-Paper Cable Design. 5.3 Cable Manufacture. 5.4 Tests. 5.5 Electrical Characteristics. 5.6 Conclusion. CHAPTER 6: LOW-PRESSURE OIL-FILLED POWER TRANSMISSION CABLES (W. K. Rybczynski). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Elements of Oil-Filled Cable Design. 6.3 Cable Manufacture. 6.4 Tests. 6.5 Electrical Characteristics. 6.6 Principles of Oil Feeding. 6.7 Notes on Sheath Bonding. 6.8 Limitations of LPOF Cables. 6.9 Self-Contained High-Pressure Oil-Filled Cables. 6.10 Self Contained Oil-Filled Cables for dc Application. CHAPTER 7: HIGH-PRESSURE OIL-FILLED PIPE-TYPE POWER TRANSMISSION CABLES (W. K. Rybczynski). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Principles of Operation. 7.3 Elements of Cable Design. 7.4 Cable Manufacture. 7.5 Tests. 7.6 Electrical Characteristics. 7.7 Principles of Oil Feeding. 7.8 Cathodic Protection. 7.9 Limitations of HPOFPT Cables. 7.10 Development of HPOFPT Cable for Higher Voltages in the United States. 7.11 Gas-Type Cables. 7.12 Gas Compression EHV Cables. 7.13 Concluding Remarks. CHAPTER 8: VOLTAGE BREAKDOWN AND OTHER ELECTRICAL TESTS ON POWER CABLES (H. D. Campbell). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Alternating-Current Overvoltage Test. 8.3 Direct-Current Overvoltage Test. 8.4 Voltage Testing of Production Lengths. 8.5 Tests on Specimens. 8.6 Impulse Tests. CHAPTER 9: DISSIPATION FACTOR, PARTIAL-DISCHARGE, AND ELECTRICAL AGING TESTS ON POWER CABLES (R. Bartnikas). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Dissipation Factor of a Cable. 9.3 Bridge Techniques for the Measurement of tan δ. 9.4 Partial-Discharge Characteristics. 9.5 Partial-Discharge Measurements. 9.6 Partial-Discharge Site Location. 9.7 Discharge Pulse Pattern Studies. 9.8 Electrical Aging Mechanisms. 9.9 Accelerated Electrical Aging Tests. CHAPTER 10: FIELD TESTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR POLYMERIC POWER DISTRIBUTION CABLES (H. H. Campbell and W. T. Starr). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Alternating-Current Overvoltage Test. 10.3 Dissipation Factor (Power Factor) Test. 10.4 Insulation Resistance Test. 10.5 Partial-Discharge Test. 10.6 Direct-Current Overvoltage Test. 10.7 Direct-Current Test Procedures. 10.8 Interpretation of Test Results. 10.9 Question of Test Levels. 10.10 Direct Stress versus Alternating Stress Considerations. 10.11 Practical Test Levels. 10.12 Joints and Terminations. 10.13 Some Current Practices. CHAPTER 11: POWER CABLE SYSTEMS (G. Ludasi). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Comparison of Overhead Lines and Cables. 11.3 Radial Power Systems. 11.4 Looped Systems. 11.5 Current-Carrying Capacity: Rating Equations. 11.6 Calculation of Losses. 11.7 Thermal Resistance of Cables. 11.8 Cyclic Loading. 11.9 Short-Term Overloading. 11.10 Fault Currents. 11.11 Cable System Economics. 11.12 Choice of System Voltage. 11.13 Cable Selection and Installation Methods. 11.14 Cable Pulling. 11.15 Choice of Cable Route and Manhole Location. CHAPTER 12: CRYOGENIC AND COMPRESSED GAS INSULATED POWER CABLES (K. D. Srivastava). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Compressed Gas Insulated Transmission Line System. 12.3 Cryoresistive Cables. 12.4 Superconductive Cables. 12.5 Economic Considerations. CHAPTER 13: UNDERWATER POWER CABLES (R. T. Traut). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Underwater Power Cable Design. 13.3 Power Transmission Requirements. 13.4 Armor and External Protection Design. 13.5 Underwater Power Cable Manufacture. 13.6 Cable Transport. 13.7 Underwater Power Cable Installation. CHAPTER 14: HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT-CURRENT CABLES (C. Doench and K. D. Srivastava). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Electrical Behavior of DC Cables. 14.3 Transient Electric Stresses on HVDC Cables. 14.4 Design of HVDC Cables. 14.5 Selection of Materials. 14.6 Direct-Current Cable Accessories. 14.7 Testing of DC Cables. 14.8 Emerging Trends in HVDC Cable Technology. CHAPTER 15: TELEPHONE CABLES (R. Bartnikas). 15.1 Historical Background. 15.2 Transmission Parameters of Copper Conductor Telephone Cables. 15.3 Digital Transmission. 15.4 Characteristics of Metallic Conductor Telephone Cables. 15.4.1 Twisted-Wire Multipair Cables. 15.5 Electrical Characteristics of Coaxial Cables. 15.6 Metallic Conductor Telephone Cable Design and Manufacture. 15.7 Coaxial Cable Design and Construction. 15.8 Video Pair Cable Design and Construction. 15.9 Optical Fiber Telephone Cables. CHAPTER 16: UNDERSEA COAXIAL COMMUNICATION CABLES (R. T. Traut). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Undersea Cable Telecommunications. 16.3 Undersea Coaxial Cable Design. CHAPTER 17: TERRESTRIAL AND UNDERWATER OPTICAL FIBER CABLES (W. F. Wright). 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Historical Perspective. 17.3 Optical Fiber Characteristics. 17.4 Introduction to Fiber-Optic Cables. 17.5 Introduction to Undersea Fiber-Optic Communication Systems. 17.6 Concluding Remarks. AUTHOR INDEX. SUBJECT INDEX. ABOUT THE EDITORS.

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Book SynopsisThe Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) -- a new technologybased on power electronics -- offers an opportunity to enhancecontrollability, stability, and power transfer capability of ACtransmission systems. Pioneers in FACTS and leading world expertsin power electronics applications Narain G. Hingorani and LaszloGyugyi have teamed together to bring you the definitive book onFACTS technology. Hingorani and Gyugyi present a practical approach to FACTS thatwill enable electrical engineers working in the power industry tounderstand the principles underlying this advanced system.UNDERSTANDING FACTS will also enhance expertise in equipmentspecifications and engineering design, offering an informed view ofthe future of power electronics in AC transmission systems. This comprehensive reference book provides an in-depth lookat: * Power semiconductor devices * Voltage-sourced and current-sourced converters * Specific FACTS controllers including SVC, STATCOM, TCSCTable of ContentsPREFACE xiii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xvii CHAPTER 1 FACTS Concept and General System Considerations 1 1.1 Transmission Interconnections 1 1.1.1 Why We Need Transmission Interconnections 1 1.1.2 Opportunities for FACTS 2 1.2 Flow of Power in an AC System 3 1.2.1 Power Flow in Parallel Paths 4 1.2.2 Power Flow in Meshed System 4 1.3 What Limits the Loading Capability? 7 1.4 Power Flow and Dynamic Stability Considerations of a Transmission Interconnection 9 1.5 Relative Importance of Controllable Parameters 12 1.6 Basic Types of FACTS Controllers 13 1.6.1 Relative Importance of Different Types of Controllers 14 1.7 Brief Description and Definitions of FACTS Controllers 16 1.7.1 Shunt Connected Controllers 18 1.7.2 Series Connected Controllers 20 1.7.3 Combined Shunt and Series Connected Controllers 23 1.7.4 Other Controllers 24 1.8 Checklist of Possible Benefits from FACTS Technology 25 1.9 In Perspective: HVDC or FACTS 26 CHAPTER 2 Power Semiconductor Devices 37 2.1 Perspective on Power Devices 37 2.1.1 Types of High-Power Devices 40 2.2 Principal High-Power Device Characteristics and Requirements 41 2.2.1 Voltage and Current Ratings 41 2.2.2 Losses and Speed of Switching 42 2.2.3 Parameter Trade-Off of Devices 44 2.3 Power Device Material 45 2.4 Diode (Pn Junction) 46 2.5 Transistor 48 2.5.1 MOSFET 51 2.6 Thyristor (without Turn-Off Capability) 52 2.7 Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (GTO) 54 2.7.1 Turn-On and Turn-Off Process 56 2.8 MOS Turn-Off Thyristor (MTO) 58 2.9 Emitter Turn-Off Thyristor 60 2.10 Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (GCT and IGCT) 61 2.11 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) 63 2.12 MOS-Controlled Thyristor (MCT) 64 CHAPTER 3 Voltage-Sourced Converters 67 3.1 Basic Concept of Voltage-Sourced Converters 67 3.2 Single-Phase Full-Wave Bridge Converter Operation 69 3.3 Single Phase-Leg Operation 72 3.4 Square-Wave Voltage Harmonics for a Single-Phase Bridge 73 3.5 Three-Phase Full-Wave Bridge Converter 74 3.5.1 Converter Operation 74 3.5.2 Fundamental and Harmonics for a Three-Phase Bridge Converter 77 3.6 Sequence of Valve Conduction Process in Each Phase-Leg 80 3.7 Transformer Connections for 12-Pulse Operation 83 3.8 24- and 48-Pulse Operation 85 3.9 Three-Level Voltage-Sourced Converter 87 3.9.1 Operation of Three-Level Converter 87 3.9.2 Fundamental and Harmonic Voltages for a Three-Level Converter 88 3.9.3 Three-Level Converter with Parallel Legs 91 3.10 Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Converter 91 3.11 Generalized Technique of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control 95 3.12 Converter Rating—General Comments 97 CHAPTER 4 Self- and Line-Commutated Current-Sourced Converters 103 4.1 Basic Concept of Current-Sourced Converters 103 4.2 Three-Phase Full-Wave Diode Rectifier 106 4.3 Thyristor-Based Converter (With Gate Turn-On but Without Gate Turn-Off) 110 4.3.1 Rectifier Operation 110 4.3.2 Inverter Operation 113 4.3.3 Valve Voltage 116 4.3.4 Commutation Failures 118 4.3.5 AC Current Harmonics 120 4.3.6 DC Voltage Harmonics 126 4.4 Current-Sourced Converter with Turn-Off Devices (Current Stiff Converter) 129 4.5 Current-Sourced Versus Voltage-Sourced Converters 132 CHAPTER 5 Static Shunt Compensators: SVC and STATCOM 135 5.1 Objectives of Shunt Compensation 135 5.1.1 Midpoint Voltage Regulation for Line Segmentation 135 5.1.2 End of Line Voltage Support to Prevent Voltage Instability 138 5.1.3 Improvement of Transient Stability 138 5.1.4 Power Oscillation Damping 142 5.1.5 Summary of Compensator Requirements 143 5.2 Methods of Controllable Var Generation 144 5.2.1 Variable Impedance Type Static Var Generators 145 5.2.2 Switching Converter Type Var Generators 164 5.2.3 Hybrid Var Generators: Switching Converter with TSC and TCR 177 5.2.4 Summary of Static Var Generators 178 5.3 Static Var Compensators: SVC and STATCOM 179 5.3.1 The Regulation Slope 183 5.3.2 Transfer Function and Dynamic Performance 184 5.3.3 Transient Stability Enhancement and Power Oscillation Damping 188 5.3.4 Var Reserve (Operating Point) Control 193 5.3.5 Summary of Compensator Control 195 5.4 Comparison Between STATCOM and SVC 197 5.4.1 V-I and V-Q Characteristics 197 5.4.2 Transient Stability 199 5.4.3 Response Time 201 5.4.4 Capability to Exchange Real Power 201 5.4.5 Operation With Unbalanced AC System 202 5.4.6 Loss Versus Var Output Characteristic 204 5.4.7 Physical Size and Installation 204 5.4.8 Merits of Hybrid Compensator 205 5.5 Static Var Systems 205 CHAPTER 6 Static Series Compensators: GCSC, TSSC, TCSC, and SSSC 209 6.1 Objectives of Series Compensation 209 6.1.1 Concept of Series Capacitive Compensation 210 6.1.2 Voltage Stability 211 6.1.3 Improvement of Transient Stability 212 6.1.4 Power Oscillation Damping 213 6.1.5 Subsynchronous Oscillation Damping 214 6.1.6 Summary of Functional Requirements 215 6.1.7 Approaches to Controlled Series Compensation 216 6.2 Variable Impedance Type Series Compensators 216 6.2.1 GTO Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (GCSC) 216 6.2.2 Thyristor-Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC) 223 6.2.3 Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) 225 6.2.4 Subsynchronous Characteristics 236 6.2.5 Basic Operating Control Schemes for GCSC, TSSC, and TCSC 239 6.3 Switching Converter Type Series Compensators 243 6.3.1 The Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) 244 6.3.2 Transmitted Power Versus Transmission Angle Characteristic 245 6.3.3 Control Range and VA Rating 248 6.3.4 Capability to Provide Real Power Compensation 250 6.3.5 Immunity to Subsynchronous Resonance 254 6.3.6 Internal Control 257 6.4 External (System) Control for Series Reactive Compensators 259 6.5 Summary of Characteristics and Features 261 CHAPTER 7 Static Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators: TCVR and TCPAR 267 7.1 Objectives of Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators 267 7.1.1 Voltage and Phase Angle Regulation 269 7.1.2 Power Flow Control by Phase Angle Regulators 270 7.1.3 Real and Reactive Loop Power Flow Control 272 7.1.4 Improvement of Transient Stability with Phase Angle Regulators 274 7.1.5 Power Oscillation Damping with Phase Angle Regulators 276 7.1.6 Summary of Functional Requirements 277 7.2 Approaches to Thyristor-Controlled Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators (TCVRs and TCPARs) 277 7.2.1 Continuously Controllable Thyristor Tap Changers 280 7.2.2 Thyristor Tap Changer with Discrete Level Control 286 7.2.3 Thyristor Tap Changer Valve Rating Considerations 289 7.3 Switching Converter-Based Voltage and Phase Angle Regulators 290 7.4 Hybrid Phase Angle Regulators 293 CHAPTER 8 Combined Compensators: Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) 297 8.1 Introduction 297 8.2 The Unified Power Flow Controller 299 8.2.1 Basic Operating Principles 300 8.2.2 Conventional Transmission Control Capabilities 301 8.2.3 Independent Real and Reactive Power Flow Control 305 8.2.4 Comparison of UPFC to Series Compensators and Phase Angle Regulators 308 8.2.5 Control Structure 315 8.2.6 Basic Control System for P and Q Control 319 8.2.7 Dynamic Performance 322 8.2.8 Hybrid Arrangements: UPFC with a Phase Shifting Transformer 329 8.3 The Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) 333 8.3.1 Basic Operating Principles and Characteristics 334 8.3.2 Control Structure 343 8.3.3 Computer Simulation 344 8.3.4 Practical and Application Considerations 346 8.4 Generalized and Multifunctional FACTS Controllers 348 CHAPTER 9 Special Purpose Facts Controllers: NGH-SSR Damping Scheme and Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor 353 9.1 Subsynchronous Resonance 353 9.2 NGH-SSR Damping Scheme 358 9.2.1 Basic Concept 358 9.2.2. Design and Operation Aspects 361 9.3 Thyristor-Controlled Braking Resistor (TCBR) 362 9.3.1 Basic Concept 362 9.3.2 Design and Operation Aspects 364 CHAPTER 10 Application Examples 373 10.1 WAPA's Kayenta Advanced Series Capacitor (ASC) 373 10.1.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 373 10.1.2 Functional Specification 376 10.1.3 Design and Operational Aspects 377 10.1.4 Results of the Project 380 10.2 BPA's Slatt Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) 382 10.2.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 382 10.2.2 Functional Specifications 384 10.2.3 Design and Operational Aspects 387 10.2.4 Results of the Project 392 10.3 TVA's Sullivan Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) 394 10.3.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 394 10.3.2 STATCOM Design Summary 396 10.3.3 Steady-State Performance 400 10.3.4 Dynamic Performance 401 10.3.5 Results of the Project 407 10.4 AEP's Inez Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) 407 10.4.1 Introduction and Planning Aspects 407 10.4.2 Description of the UPFC 411 10.4.3 Operating Performance 414 10.4.4 Results of the Project 423 INDEX 425 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 431

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Book SynopsisAwarded the Dexter Prize by the Society for the History of Technology, this book offers a comparative history of the evolution of modern electric power systems. It described large-scale technological change and demonstrates that technology cannot be understood unless placed in a cultural context.Trade ReviewAn exciting, major contribution to the field of history, for it establishes very convincingly that the growth of... power networks is as intrinsic to and characteristic of modern society as the growth of manorialism was to medieval society. American Historical Review How the West was wired. Times Literary SupplementTable of ContentsPreface1. Introduction2. Edison the Hedgehog: Invention and Development3. Edison's System Abroad: Technology Transfer4. Reverse Salients and Critical Problems5. Conflict and Resolution6. Technological Momentum7. Berlin: The Coordination of Technology and Politics8. Chicago: The Dominance of Technology9. London: The Primary of Politics10. California White Coal11. War and Acquired Characteristics12. Planned Systems13. The Culture of Regional Systems14. RWE, PP&L, and NESCO: The

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Book SynopsisThe book covers various issues related to machinery condition monitoring, signal processing and conditioning, instrumentation and measurements, faults for induction motors failures, new trends in condition monitoring, and the fault identification process using motor currents electrical signature analysis. It aims to present a new non-invasive and non-intrusive condition monitoring system, which has the capability to detect various defects in induction motor at incipient stages within an arbitrary noise conditions. The performance of the developed system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally under various loading conditions of the motor. Covers current and new approaches applied to fault diagnosis and condition monitoring. Integrates concepts and practical implementation of electrical signature analysis. Utilizes LabVIEW tool for condition monitoring problems. Incorporates real-world case studies.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines 2. Background on Condition Monitoring Techniques 3. Noninvasive Methods for Motor Fault Diagnosis 4. Design and Development of a Noninvasive Condition Monitoring System 5. Faults Analysis and Evaluations via IPA and PVA Methods 6. Summary on Noninvasive Electrical Signature Analysis Methods: IPA and PVA

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Book SynopsisThis publication discusses general problems related to the structure of current overload protection systems in high voltage (HV) electrical installations and introduces a family of new devices based on reed switch contacts, solid-state units, hybrid technology and automatic systems based on these components. It highlights their application in high voltage (5 to 100 kV) power supplies, power lasers and radar, RF-generators and protection systems for class 6 to 24 kV distribution networks. The author also discusses applications in power engineering, radio-electronic equipment, and industrial high voltage devices.Trade Review"…Industrial and HV power engineers may find this book interesting, especially those developing low current HV protection equipment."-Electrical InsulationTable of ContentsProblems of overload and spark protection systems for high power RF generators, lasers, and radar; high-voltage interface RG-series relays; high-voltage switching devices; low-voltage switching devices for high-voltage power supply; applications for power engineering; applications for powerful radio-electronic equipment; high-voltage devices for industrial applications. Appendices: selected publications by the author; some types of RG-relays with special characteristics; environmental tests of RG-relays for MIL-STD-202 requirements; components recommended for use in HV protection devices; insulation materials for production of RG-relays; engineering equations for calculations of magnetic conductivity in magnetic circuits and electrical fields for some forms of electrodes.

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