Books by Karl Marx

Book SynopsisFew writers have had a more demonstrable impact on the development of the modern world than has Karl Marx (1818-1883). Born in Trier into a middle-class Jewish family in 1818, by the time of his death in London in 1883, Marx claimed a growing international reputation. Of central importance then and later was his book Das Kapital, or, as it is known to English readers, simply Capital. Volume One of Capital was published in Paris in 1867. This was the only volume published during Marx’s lifetime and the only to have come directly from his pen. Volume Two, published in 1884, was based on notes Marx left, but written by his friend and collaborator, Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). Readers from the nineteenth century to the present have been captivated by the unmistakable power and urgency of this classic of world literature. Marx’s critique of the capitalist system is rife with big themes: his theory of ‘surplus value’, his discussion of the exploitation of the working class, and his forecast of class conflict on a grand scale. Marx wrote with purpose. As he famously put it, ‘Philosophers have previously tried to explain the world, our task is to change it.’

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Book SynopsisThe Communist Manifesto is a timeless classic providing intelligent insight into socialism, communism and today’s group identity politics. This pocket edition includes a new introduction by the economist and bestselling author of Adults in the Room, Yanis Varoufakis.The Communist Manifesto was first published in London in 1848, by two young men in their late twenties. Its impact reverberated across the globe and throughout the next century, and it has come to be recognised as one of the most important political texts ever written. Maintaining that the history of all societies is a history of class struggle, the manifesto proclaims that communism is the only route to equality, and is a call to action aimed at the proletariat. It is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand our modern political landscape.

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Book SynopsisWorking men of all countries, unite! First published in 1848, The Communist Manifesto is one of the most influential pieces of writing of all time. Written by two leading German philosophers whose names are now universally known, The Communist Manifesto is a documentation of class struggle and the plight of workers under capitalism, and a call for redress. In it, Marx and Engels lay out a searing account of the damage wrought by capitalism, and set out a route towards an alternative: a society without class, private property or a state. Beating a path for revolution and the overthrow of capitalism, The Communist Manifesto is a stirring call to arms that resounds with truth and power today.Trade Review'As a force for change, its influence has been surpassed only by the Bible. As a piece of writing, it is a masterpiece.' (Guardian) 'The words of The Communist Manifesto flare like the fiery writing on the wall above the crumbling bastions of capitalist society.' (Rosa Luxemburg)

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Book SynopsisA classic of early modernism, Capital combines vivid historical detail with economic analysis to produce a bitter denunciation of mid-Victorian capitalist society. It has also proved to be the most influential work in social science in the twentieth century; Marx did for social science what Darwin had done for biology. Millions of readers this century have treated Capital as a sacred text, subjecting it to as many different interpretations as the bible itself. No mere work of dry economics, Marx''s great work depicts the unfolding of industrial capitalism as a tragic drama - with a message which has lost none of its relevance today. This is the only abridged edition to take account of the whole of Capital. It offers virtually all of Volume 1, which Marx himself published in 1867, excerpts from a new translation of `The Result of the Immediate Process of Production'', and a selection of key chapters from Volume 3, which Engels published in 1895. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

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Book SynopsisMarx's major work was the product of 30 years' close study of the most advanced industrial society of his day. Marx devoted most of his adult life to analyzing theTable of ContentsCapital Introduction by Ernest MandelTranslator's PrefacePreface to the First EditionPostface to the Second EditionPreface to the French EditionPostface to the French EditionPreface to the Third Edition (by Engels)Preface to the English Edition (by Engels)Preface to the Fourth Edition (by Engels)BOOK I: THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF CAPITAL Part One: Commodities and MoneyChapter 1: The Commodity1. The Two Factors of the Commodity: Use-Value and Value (Substance of VAlue, Magnitude of Value)2. The Dual Character of the Labour Embodied in Commodities3. The Value-Form, or Exchange-Value(a) The Simple, Isolated, or Accidental Form of Value(1) The two poles of the expression of value: the relative form of value and the equivalent form(2) The relative form of value(i) The content of the relative form of value(ii) The quantitative determinacy of the relative form of value(iii) The equivalent form(iv) The simple form of value considered as a whole(b) The Total or Expanded Form of Value(1) The expanded relative form of value(2) The particular equivalent form(3) Defects of the total or expanded form of value(c) The General Form of Value(1) The changed character of the form of value(2) The development of the relative and equivalent forms of value: their interdependence(3) The transition from the general form of value to the money form(d) The Money Form4. The Fetishism of the Commodity and Its SecretChapter 2: The Process of Exchange Chapter 3: Money, or the Circulation of Commodities1. The Measure of Values2. The Means of Circulation(a) The Metamorphosis of Commodities(b) The Circulation of Money(c) Coin. The Symbol of Value3. Money(a) Hoarding(b) Means of Payment(c) World MoneyPART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF MONEY INTO CAPITAL Chapter 4: The General Formula for CapitalChapter 5: Contradictions in the General FormulaChapter 6: The Sale and Purchase of Labour-PowerPART THREE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE SURPLUS-VALUEChapter 7: The Labour Process and the Valorization Process1. The Labour Process2. The Valorization ProcessChapter 8: Constant Capital and Variable Capital Chapter 9: The Rate of Surplus-Value1. The Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power2. The Representation of the Value of the Product by Corresponding Proportional Parts of the Product3. Senior's "Last Hour"4. The Surplus ProductChapter 10: The Working Day 1. The Limits of the Working Day2. The Voracious Appetite for Surplus Labour. Manufacturer and Boyar3. Branches of English Industry without Legal Limits to Exploitation4. Day Work and Night Work. The Shift System5. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Extension of the Working Day, from the Middle of the Fourteenth to the End of the Seventeenth Century6. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Laws for the Compulsory Limitation of Working Hours. The English Factory Legislation of 1833-647. The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Impact of the English Factory Legislation on Other CountriesChapter 11: The Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value PART FOUR: THE PRODUCTION OF RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUEChapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-ValueChapter 13: Co-operationChapter 14: The Division of Labour and Manufacture1. The Dual Origin of Manufacture2. The Specialized Worker and His Tools3. The Two Fundamental Forms of Manufacture - Heterogeneous and Organic4. The Division of Labour in Manufacture, and the Division of Labour in Society5. The Capitalist Character of ManufactureChapter 15: Machinery and Large-Scale Industry 1. The Development of Machinery2. The Value Transferred by the Machinery to the Product3. The Most Immediate Effects of Machine Production on the Worker(a) Appropriation of Supplementary Labour-Power by Capital. The Employment of Women and Children(b) The Prolongation of the Working Day(c) Intensification of Labour4. The Factory5. The Struggle between Worker and Machine6. The Compensation Theory, with Regard to the Workers Displaced by Machinery7. Repulsion and Attraction of Workers through the Development of Machine Production. Crises in the Cotton Industry8. The Revolutionary Impact of Large-Scale Industry on Manufacture, Handicrafts and Domestic Industry(a) Overthrow of Co-operation Based on Handicrafts and on the Division of Labour(b) The Impact of the Factory System on Manufacture and Domestic Industries(c) Modern Manufacture(d) Modern Domestic Industry(e) Transition from Modern Manufacture and Domestic Industry to Large-Scale Industry. The Hastening of this Revolution by the Application of the Factory Acts to those Industries9. The Health and Education Clauses of the Factory Acts. The General Extension of Factory Legislation in England10. Large-Scale Industry and AgriculturePART FIVE: THE PRODUCTION OF ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE SURPLUS-VALUE Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-ValueChapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value1. The Length of the Working Day and the Intensity of Labour Constant; the Productivity of Labour Variable2. The Length of the Working Day and the Productivity of Labour Constant; the Intensity of Labour Variable3. The Productivity and Intensity of Labour Constant; the Length of the Working Day Variable4. Simultaneous Variations in the Duration, Productivity and Intensity of LabourChapter 18: Different Formulae for the Rate of Surplus-Value PART SIX: WAGESChapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respectively the Price) of Labour-Power into WagesChapter 20: Time-WagesChapter 21: Piece-WagesChapter 22: National Differences in WagesPART SEVEN: THE PROCESS OF ACCUMULATION OF CAPITALChapter 23: Simple ReproductionChapter 24: The Transformation of Surplus-Value into Capital1. Capitalist Production on a Progressively Increasing Scale. The Inversion which Converts the Property Laws of Commodity Production into Laws of Capitalist Appropriation2. The Political Economists' Erroneous Conception of Reproduction on an Increasing Scale3. Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue. The Abstinence Theory4. The Circumstances which, Independently of the Proportional Division of Surplus-Value into Capital and Revenue, Determine the Extent of Accumulation, namely, the Degree of Exploitation of Labour-Power, the Productivity of Labour, the Growing Difference in Amount between Capital Employed and Capital Consumed, and the Magnitude of the Capital Advanced5. The So-Called Labour FundChapter 25: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation 1. A Growing Demand for Labour-Power Accompanies Accumulation if the Composition of Capital Remains the Same2. A Relative Diminution of the Variable Part of Capital Occurs in the Course of the Further Progress of Accumulation and of the Concentration Accompanying It3. The Progressive Reduction of a Relative Surpluse Population or Industrial Reserve Army4. Different Forms of Existence of the Relative Surplus Population. The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation5. Illustrations of the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation(a) England from 1846 to 1866(b) The Badly Paid Strata of the British Industrial Working Class(c) The Nomadic Population(d) Effect of Crises on the Best Paid Section of the Working Class(e) The British Agricultural Proletariat(f) IrelandPART EIGHT: SO-CALLED PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION Chapter 26: The Secret of Primitive AccumulationChapter 27: The Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the LandChapter 28: Bloody Legislation against the Expropriated since the End of the Fifteenth Century. The Forcing Down of Wages by Act of ParliamentChapter 29: The Genesis of the Capitalist FarmerChapter 30: Impact of the Agricultural Revolution on Industry. The Creation of a Home Market for Industrial CapitalChapter 31: The Genesis of the Industrial CapitalistChapter 32: The Historical Tendency of Capitalist AccumulationChapter 33: The Modern Theory of ColonizationAppendix: Results of the Immediate Process of Production Introduction by Ernest MandelI. Commodities as the Product of CapitalII. Capitalist Production as the Production of Surplus-ValueIII. Capitalist Production is the Production and Reproduction of the Specifically Capitalist Relations of ProductionIV. Isolated FragmentsQuotations in Languages Other than English and GermanIndex of Authorities QuotedGeneral IndexNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and EngelsChronology of Works by Marx and Engels

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Book SynopsisWith an introduction by Dr. Laurence Marlow. A spectre is haunting Europe (and the world). Not, in the twenty-first century, the spectre of communism, but the spectre of capitalism. Marx's prediction that the state would wither away of its own accord has proved inaccurate, and he did not foresee the tyrannies which have ruled large parts of the globe in his name. Indeed, he would have been appalled if he had witnessed them. But his analysis of the evils and dangers of raw capitalism is as correct now as when it was written, and some of his suggestions (progressive income tax, abolition of child labour, free education for all children) are now accepted with little question. In a world where capitalism is no longer held in check by fear of a communist alternative, The Communist Manifesto (with Socialism Utopian and Scientific, Engels's brief and clear exposition of Marxist thought) is essential reading. The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 is Engels's first, and probably best-known, book. With Henry Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor, it was and is the outstanding study of the working class in Victorian England.

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Book SynopsisThe Communist Manifesto is one of the most influential pieces of political propaganda ever written. It is a summary of the whole Marxist vision of history and is the foundation document of the Marxist movement.Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were aged 29 and 27 respectively when The Communist Manifesto was published on the eve of the 1848 revolutions. The authors had been close collaborators since 1844, and the Manifesto is a condensed and incisive account of the world-view they had evolved during their hectic intellectual and political involvement of the previous few years.This new edition is critically and textually up to date, and includes the Prefaces written by Marx and Engels subsequent to the 1848 edition. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World''s Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford''s commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.Trade ReviewAn excellent and scholarly edition with a very useful introduction and notes - very accessible and informative for students with little to no background knowledge. / Rebecca Braun, Lancaster University

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Book SynopsisWritten during the winter of 1857-8, the Grundrisse was considered by Marx to be the first scientific elaboration of communist theory. A collection of seven notebooks on capital and money, it both develops the arguments outlined in the Communist Manifesto (1848) and explores the themes and theses that were to dominate his great later work Capital. Here, for the first time, Marx set out his own version of Hegel''s dialectics and developed his mature views on labour, surplus value and profit, offering many fresh insights into alienation, automation and the dangers of capitalist society. Yet while the theories in Grundrisse make it a vital precursor to Capital, it also provides invaluable descriptions of Marx''s wider-ranging philosophy, making it a unique insight into his beliefs and hopes for the foundation of a communist state.Table of ContentsIntroduction (Notebook M)1. Production in general2. General relation between production, distribution, exchange and consumption3. The method of political economy4. Means (forces) of production and relations of production, relations of production and relations of circulationThe Chapter on Money (Notebooks I and II, pp. 1-7)Darimon's theory of crisesGold export and crisesConvertibility and note circulationValue and priceTransformation of the commodity into exchange value; moneyContradictions in the money relation:(1) Contradiction between commodity as product and commodity as exchange value(2) Contradiction between purchase and sale(3) Contradiction between exchange for the sake of exchange and exchange for the sake of commodities(4) Contradiction between money as particular commodity and money as general commodity (The Economist and the Morning Star on money)Attempts to overcome the contradictions by the issue of time-chitsExchange value as mediation of private interestsExchange value (money) as social bondSocial relations which create an undeveloped system of exchangeThe product becomes a commodity; the commodity becomes exchange value; the exchange value of the commodity becomes moneyMoney as measureMoney as objectification of general labour time (Incidental remark on gold and silver)Distinction between particular labor time and general labour timeDistinction between planned distribution of labour time and measurement of exchange values by labour time (Strabo on money among the Albanians)The precious metals as subjects of the money relation:(a) Gold and silver in relation to the other metals(b) Fluctuations in the value-relations between the different metals(c) and (d) (headings only): Sources of gold and silver; money as coinCirculation of money and opposite circulation of commoditiesGeneral concept of circulation:(a) Circulation circulates exchange values in the form of prices (Distinction between real money and accounting money)(b) Money as the medium of exchange (What determines the quantity of money required for circulation) (Comment on (a))Commodity circulation requires appropriation through alienationCirculation as an endlessly repeated processThe price as external to and independent of the commodity: Creation of general medium of exchange; exchange as a special businessDouble motion of circulation: C-M; M-C, and M-C; C-MThree contradictory functions of money:(1) Money as general material of contracts, as measuring unit of exchange values(2) Money as medium of exchange and realizer of prices(Money, as representative of price, allows commodities to be exchanged at equivalent prices)(An example of confusion between the contradictory functions of money)(Money as particular commodity and money as general commodity)(3) Money as money: as material representative of wealth (accumulation of money)(Dissolution of ancient communities through money)(Money, unlike coin, has a universal character)(Money in its third function is the negation #negative unity# of its character as medium of circulation and measure)(Money in its metallic being; accumulation of gold and silver)(Headings on money, to be elaborated later)The Chapter on Capital (Notebooks II pp. 8-28, III, IV, V, VI and VII)The Chapter on Money as Capital:Difficulty in grasping money in its fully developed character as moneySimple exchange: relations between the exchangers (Critique of socialists and harmonizers: Bastiat, Proudhon)Section One: The Production Process of CapitalNothing is expressed when capital is characterized merely as a sum of valuesLanded property and capitalCapital comes from circulation; its content is exchange value; merchant capital, money capital, and money interestCirculation presupposes another process; motion between presupposed extremesTransition from circulation to capitalist production "Capital is accumulated labour (etc.)""Capital is a sum of values used for the production of values"Circulation, and exchange value deriving from circulation, the presupposition of capitalExchange value emerging from circulation, a presupposition of ciruclation, preserving and multiplying itself in it by means of labourProduct and capital. Value and capital. ProudhonCapital and labour. Exchange value and use value for exchange valueMoney and its use value (labour) in this relation capital: Self-multiplication of value is its only movementCapital, as regards substance, objectified labour. Its antithesis, living, productive labourProductive labour and labour as performance of a serviceProductive and unproductive labour. A. Smith etc.The two different processes in the exchange of capital with labourCapital and modern landed propertyThe marketExchange between capital and labour. Piecework wagesValue of labour powerShare of the wage labourer in general wealth determined only quantitativelyMoney is the worker's equivalent; he thus confronts capital as an equalBut the aim of his exchange is satisfaction of his need. Money for him is only medium of circulationSavings, self-denial as means of the worker's enrichmentValuelessness and devaluation of the worker a condition of capital(Labour power as capital!)Wages not productiveThe exchange between capital and labour belongs within simple circulation, does not enrich the workerSeparation of labour and property the precondition of this exchangeLabour as object absolute poverty, labour as subject general possibility of wealthLabour without particular specificity confronts capitalLabour process absorbed into capital(Capital and capitalist)Production process as content of capitalThe worker relates to his labour as exchange value, the capitalist as use valueThe worker divests himself of labour as the wealth-producing power; capital appropriates it as suchTranformation of labour into capitalRealization process(Costs of production)Mere self-preservation, non-multiplication of value contradicts the essence of capitalCapital enters the cost of production as capital. Interest bearing capital (Parentheses on: original accumulation of capital, historic presuppositions of capital, production in general)Surplus value. Surplus labour timeValue of labour. How it is determinedConditions for the self-realization of capitalCapital is productive as creator of surplus labourBut this is only a historical and transitory phenomenonTheories of surplus value (Ricardo; the Physiocrats; Adam Smith; Ricardo again)Surplus value and productive force. Relation when these increaseResult: in proportion as necessary labour is already diminished, the realization of capital becomes more difficultConcerning increases in the value of capitalLabour does not reproduce the value of material and instrument, but rather preserves it by relating to them in the labour process as to their objective conditionsAbsolute surplus labour time. RelativeIt is not the quantity of living labour, but rather its quality as labour which preserves the labour time already contained in the materialThe change of form and substance in the direct production processIt is inherent in the simple production process that the previous stage of production is preserved through the subsequent onePreservation of the old use value by new labourThe quantity of objectified labour is preserved because contact with living labour preserves its quality as use value for new labourIn the real production process, the separation of labour from its objective moments of existence is suspended. But in this process labour is already incorporated in capitalThe capitalist obtains surplus labour free of charge together with the maintenance of the value of material and instrumentThrough the appropriation of present labour, capital already possesses a claim to the appropriation of future labourConfusion of profit and surplus value. Carey's erroneous calculationThe capitalist, who does not pay the worker for the preservation of the old value, then demands remuneration for giving the worker permission to preserve the old capitalSurplus Value and ProfitDifference between consumption of the instrument and of wages. The former consumed in the production process, the latter outside itIncrease of surplus value and decrease in rate of profitMultiplication of simultaneous working daysMachineryGrowth of the constant part of capital in relation to the variable part spent on wages=growth of the productivity of labourProportion in which capital has to increase in order to employ the same number of workers if productivity risesPercentage of total capital can express very different relationsCapital (like property in general) rests on the productivity of labourIncrease of surplus labour time. Increase of simultaneous working days. (Population)(Population can increase in proportion as necessary labour time becomes smaller)Transition from the process of the production of capital into the process of circulationSection Two: The Circulation Process of CapitalDevaluation of capital itself owing to increase of productive forces(Competition)Capital as unity and contradiction of the production process and the realization processCapital as limit to production. OverproductionDemand by the workers themselvesBarriers to capitalist productionOVerproduction; ProudhonPrice of the commodity and labour timeThe capitalist does not sell too dear; but still above what the thing costs himPrice can fall below value without damage to capitalNumber and unit (measure) important in the multiplication of pricesSpecific accumulation of capital. (Transformation of surplus labour into capital)The determination of value and of pricesThe general rate of profitIf the capitalist merely sells at his own cost of production, then it is a transfer to another capitalist. The worker gains almost nothing therebyBarrier of capitalist production. Relation of surplus labour to necessary labour. Proportion of the surplus consumed by capital to that transformed into capitalDevaluation during crisesCapital coming out of the production process becomes money again(Parenthesis on capital in general)Surplus Labour or Surplus Value Becomes Surplus CapitalAll the determinants of capitalist production now appear as the result of (wage) labour itselfThe realization process of labour at the same time its de-realization processFormation of surplus capital ISurplus capital IIInversion of the law of appropriationChief result of the production and realization processOriginal accumulation of capitalOnce developed historically, capital itself creates the conditions of its existence(Performance of personal services, as opposed to wage labour)(Parenthesis on inversion of the law of property, real alien relation of the worker to his product, division of labour, machinery)Forms which precede capitalist production. (Concerning the process which precedes the formation of the capital relation or of original accumulation)Exchange of labour for labour rests on the worker's propertylessnessCirculation of capital and circulation of moneyProduction process and circulation process moments of production. The productivity of the different capitals (branches of industry) determines that of the individual capitalCirculation period. Velocity of circulation substitutes for volume of capital. Mutual dependence of capitals in the velocity of their circulationThe four moments in the turnover of capitalMoment II to be considered here: transformation of the product into money; duration of this operation. Transport costs. Circulation costs. Means of communication and transportDivision of the branches of labourConcentration of many workers; productive force of this concentrationGeneral as distinct from particular conditions of productionTransport to market (spatial condition of circulation) belongs in the production processCredit, the temporal moment of circulationCapital is circulating capitalInfluence of circulation on the determination of value; circulation time=time of devaluationDifference between the capitalist mode of production and all earlier ones (universality, propagandistic nature)(Capital itself is the contradiction)Circulation and creation of valueCapital not a source of value-creationContinuity of production presupposes suspension of circulation timeTheories of Surplus ValueRamsay's view that capital is its own source of profitNo surplus value according to Ricardo's lawRicardo's theory of value. Wages and profitQuinceyRicardoWakefield. Conditions of capitalist production in coloniesSurplus value and profit. Example (Malthus)Difference between labour and labour capacityCarey's theory of the cheapening of capital for the workerCarey's theory of the decline of the rate of profitWakefield on the contradiction between Ricardo's theories of wage labour and of valueBailey on dormant capital and increase of production without previous increase of capitalWade's explanation of capital. Capital, collective force. Capital, civilization.Rossi. What is capital? Is raw material capital? Are wages necessary for it?Malthus. Theory of value and of wagesAim of capitalist production value (money), not commodity, use value etc. ChalmersDifference in return. Interruption of the production process. Total duration of the production process. Unequal periods of productionThe concept of the free labourer contains the pauper. Population and overpopulationNecessary labour. Surplus labour. Surplus population. Surplus capitalAdam Smith: work as sacrificeAdam Smith: the origin of profitSurplus labour. Profit. WagesImmovable capital. Return of capital. Fixed capital. John Stuart MillTurnover of capital. Circulation process. Production process. Circulation costs. Circulation timeCapital's change of form and of substance; different forms of capital; circulation capital as general character of capitalFixed (tied down) capital and circulating capitalConstant and variable capitalCompetitionSurplus value. Production time. Circulation time. Turnover timeCompetition (continued)Part of capital in production time, part in circulation timeSurplus value and production phase. Number of reproductions of capital = number of turnoversChange of form and of matter in the circulation of capital. C-M-C. M-C-MDifference between production time and labour timeFormation of a mercantile estate; creditSmall-scale circulation. The process of exchange between capital and labour capacity generallyThreefold character, or mode, of circulationFixed capital and circulating capitalInfluence of fixed capital on the total turnover time of capitalFixed capital. Means of labour. MachineTransposition of powers of labour into powers of capital both in fixed and in circulatin capitalTo what extent fixed capital (machine) creates valueFixed capital and continuity of the production process. Machinery and living labour.Contradiction between the foundation of bourgeois production (value as measure) and its developmentSignificance of the development of fixed capital (for the development of capital generally)The chief role of capital is to create disposable time; contradictory form of this in capitalDurability of fixed capitalReal saving (economy)=saving of labour time=development of productive forceTrue conception of the process of social productionOwen's historical conception of industrial (capitalist) productionCapital and value of natural agenciesScope of fixed capital indicates the level of capitalist productionIs money fixed capital or circulating capital?Turnover time of capital consisting of fixed capital and circulating capital. Reproduction time of fixed capitalThe same commodity sometimes circulating capital, sometimes fixed capitalEvery moment which is a presupposition of production is at the same time its result, in that it reproductes its own conditionsThe counter-value of circulating capital must be produced within the year. Not so for fixed capital. It engages the production of subsequent yearsMaintanence costs of fixed capitalRevenue of fixed capital and circulating capitalFree labour=latent pauperism. EdenThe smaller the value of fixed capital in relation to its product, the more usefulMovable and immovable, fixed and circulatingConnection of circulation and reproductionSection Three: Capital as Fructiferous. Tranformation of Surplus Value into ProfitRate of profit. Fall of the rate of profitSurplus value as profit always expresses a lesser proportionWakefield, Carey and Bastiat on the rate of profitCapital and revenue (profit). Production and distribution. SismondiTransformation of surplus value into profitLaws of this and transformationSurplus value=relation of surplus labour to necessary labourValue of fixed capital and its productive powerMachinery and surplus labour. Recapitulation of the doctrine of surplus value generallyRelation between the objective conditions of production. Change in the proportion of the component parts of capitalMiscellaneousMoney and fixed capital: presupposes a certain amount of wealth. Relation of fixed capital and circulating capital (Economist)Slavery and wage labour; profit upon alienation (Steuart)Steuart, Montanari and Gouge on moneyThe wool industry in England since Elizabeth; silk-manufacture; iron; cottonOrigin of free wage labour. Vagabondage. (Tuckett)Blake on accumulation and rate of profit; dormant capitalDomestic agriculture at the beginning of the sixteenth century. (Tuckett)Profit. Interest. Influence of machinery on the wage fund. (Westminster Review)Money as measure of values and yardstick of prices. Critique of theories of the standard measure of moneyTransformation of the medium of circulation into money. Formation of treasures. Means of payment. Prices of commodities and quantity of circulating money. Value of moneyCapital, not labour, determines the value of money (Torrens)The minimum of wagesCotton machinery and working men in 1826. (Hodgskin)How the machine creates raw material. (Economist)Machinery and surplus labourCapital and profit. Relation of the worker to the conditions of labour in capitalist production. All parts of capital bring a profitTendency of the machine to prolong labourCotton factories in England. Example for machinery and surplus labourExamples from Glasgow for the rate of profitAlienation of the conditions of labour with the development of capital. InversionMerivale. Natural dependence of the worker in colonies to be replaced by artificial restrictionsHow the machine saves material. Bread. Dureau de la MalleDevelopment of money and interestProductive consumpion. Newman. Transformations of capital. Economic cycleDr. Price. Innate power of capitalProudhon. Capital and simple exchange. SurplusNecessity of the worker's propertylessnessGalianiTheory of savings. StorchMacCulloch. Surplus. ProfitArnd. Natural interestInterest and profit. CareyHow merchant takes the place of masterMerchant wealthCommerce with equivalents impossible. OpdykePrincipal and interestDouble standardOn moneyJames Mill's false theory of pricesRicardo on currencyOn moneyTheory of foreign trade. Two nations may exchange according to the law of profit in such a way that both gain, but one is always defraudedMoney in its third role, as money(I) Value (This section to be brought forward)Bastiat and CareyBastiat's economic harmoniesBastiat on wages

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Book SynopsisWITH AN INTRODUCTION BY DAVID AARONOVITCHThe Communist Manifesto was first published in London, by two young men in their late twenties, in 1848. Its impact reverberated across the globe and throughout the next century, and it has come to be recognised as one of the most important political texts ever written. Maintaining that the history of all societies is a history of class struggle, the manifesto proclaims that communism is the only route to equality, and is a call to action aimed at the proletariat. It is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand our modern political landscape.Trade ReviewA brilliant piece of writing, easily accessible, and which really did change the world * Daily Mail *Contemporary, ironic, cool, biting writing style * Observer *Irreverent, mocking, sarcastic, witty, savage, provocative and with a driving, irresistible argument * Independent *As a force for change, its influence has been surpassed only by the Bible. As a piece of writing, it is a masterpiece * Guardian *A short work, written in punchy, accessible style. It can be read in an hour. * Sunday Mirror *

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Book SynopsisFeaturing the works from Marx's enormous corpus, this title covers Marx's development from the Hegelian idealism of his youth to the mature socialism of his later works. It includes writings from Marx's early philosophical works, and the central writings on historical materialism.Trade ReviewThe Introductions are solid, accurate, readable, authoritative. The editor is well informed, and the selections provide a balanced introduction to Marx's central thoughts. --Daniel Little, Colgate University

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Book SynopsisLa Sagrada Familia es la respuesta de Marx y Engels a los ataques que Bruno Bauer, reacio a los movimientos de la masa de la época, les lanzara desde su gaceta literaria. Una obra que, como los propios autores ya anunciaron entonces, sería precursora de sus posteriores escritos.

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Book SynopsisIncludes the complete Communist Manifesto and substantial extracts from On the Jewish Question, the German Ideology, Grundrisse, and Capital, a broad representation of his letters, and lesser-known works, especially his long-unavailable, early works.Table of ContentsIntroductionBibliographical Note and AcknowledgmentsChronology: Marx's LifeChronology: Marx's Chief WorksI. Marx the Man: Documents, Letters, and Reminiscences[Birth Certificate]Certificate of Matriculation of a Pupil at the High School at Trier[Marx's Record of Studies Issued by the University of Bonn][From Marx's Sister Sophie][Heinrich Marx to His Son][Karl Marx to His Father][Heinrich Marx to His Son][Bruno Bruno Bauer to Marx][Marx's Record of Studies in the University of Berlin][Letter of Professor C. F. Bachmann, Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy in the University of Jena, Presenting Marx's Doctoral Thesis to the Faculty for Consideration][Moses Hess on Karl Marx][Marx to Arnold Ruge][Marx to Arnold Ruge][Jenny von Westphalen to Marx][Arnold Ruge to Ludwig Feuerbach on Marx][Bakunin's Reminiscence][P. Annenkov: Karl Marx in 1846][Marx to Engels in Paris][Carl Schurz on Marx in Cologne Summer 1848][Marx to Engels in Brussels][Marx to Engels in Lausanne][Marx to Engels in Lausanne][Jenny Marx to Joseph Weydemeyer][Gustave Techow to a Friend][Marx to Engels][Marx to Engels][A Prussian Police Agent's Report][Marx to Engels][Marx to Engels][Marx to Engels][Karl Marx to His Wife][Marx to Engels][Marx to Engels][Eleanor Marx on Her Father][Marx to Engels in Manchester][Confessions of Marx][Karl Marx to Laura Marx][Karl Marx to François Lafargue][Karl Marx to Paul Lafargue][From R. Landor's Interview with Marx][Report on Karl Marx in Karlsbad][From the Chicago Tribune's Interview with Marx][Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant-Duff to Empress Frederick][Karl Marx to Laura Lafargue][Engels's Speech at the Graveside of Karl Marx]II. Karl Marx's Writings1. The Formation of a Young Radical: Early Writings, 1841-1844From Doctoral Dissertation, The Difference between the Democritean and the Epicurean Philosophy of Nature"The Draft Divorce Law"From the Kreuznach Manuscripts: Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of RightFrom a Correspondence of 1843From "On the Jewish Questions"From "Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction"2. Beyond Philosophy to Communism, Political Economy, and the Materialist Conception of History: Transitional Writings, 1844-1847From Economico-Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844From the First Manuscript: "Alienated Labor"From the Third Manuscript: "Private Property and Communism"From "Critical Notes on the Article 'The King of Prussia and Social Reform. By a Prussian"""Theses on Feuerbach"From A Contribution to the Critique of Political EconomyFrom The German Ideology, Volume One:Preface[The Materialist Conception of History][On History][Consciousness and the Division of Labour][Law and the Materialist Conception of History][The Role of Violence in History][Communism as the End of History]3. Revolution and Counter-Revolution: Political Writings, 1848-1852Manifesto of the Communist PartyThe Demands of the Communist Party in GermanyAddress of the Central Committee to the Communist LeagueFrom The Class Struggles in France: 1848 to 1850From The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte4. Journalism and Politics: 1853-1864The British Rule in IndiaFrom "The Future Results of British Rule in India"Revolution in China and in EuropeThe Indian RevoltInaugural Address and Provisional Rules of the International Working Men's Association5. "Wading Through Economic Filth": Economic Writings, 1857-1867From Grundrisse, IntroductionFrom Value, Price and ProfitFrom Capital, Volume I:From the Preface to the First German EditionChapter 1: "Commodities"Chapter 26: "The Secret of Primitive Accumulation"From Chapter 27: "The Expropriation of the Agricultural Population from the Land"Chapter 31: "The Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist"Chapter 32: "The Historical Tendency of Capitalist Accumulation"Chapter 33: "The Modern Theory of Colonisation"6. The Paris Commune and the Future of Socialism: 1870-1882From The Civil War in France:Address of the General Council of the International Working Men's AssociationFrom the First Draft: "The Character of the Commune"Marginal Notes to the Programme of the German Workers' Party [Critique of the Gotha Programme]Preface to the Russian Edition of the Communist ManifestoReader's GuideIndex

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Book SynopsisThe forgotten second volume of Capital, Marx''s world-shaking analysis of economics, politics, and history, contains the vital discussion of commodity, the cornerstone to Marx''s theories.Table of ContentsCapital Volume 2 IntroductionTranslator's PrefacePreface (Frederick Engels)Preface to the Second Edition (Frederick Engels)Book II: The Process of Circulation of CapitalPart One: The Metamorphoses of Capital and their CircuitChapter 1: The Circuit of Money Capital1. First Stage. M-C2. Second Stage. The Function of Productive Capital3. Third Stage. C'-M'4. The Circuit as a WholeChapter 2: The Circuit of Productive Capital1. Simple Reproduction2. Accumulation and Reproduction on an Expanded Scale3. Accumulation of Money4. The Reserve FundChapter 3: The Circuit of Commodity CapitalChapter 4: The Three Figures of the Circuit(Natural Economy, Money Economy and Credit Economy)(The Matching of Demand and Supply)Chapter 5: Circulation TimeChapter 6: The Costs of Circulation1. Pure Circulation Costs(a) Buying and Selling Time(b) Book-keeping(c) Money2. Costs of Storage(a) Stock Formation in General(b) The Commodity Stock Proper3. Transport CostsPart Two: The Turnover of CapitalChapter 7: Turnover Time and Number of TurnoversChapter 8: Fixed Capital and Circulating Capital1. The Formal Distinctions2. Components, Replacement, Repairs and Accumulation of the Fixed CapitalChapter 9: The Overall Turnover of the Capital Advanced. Turnover CyclesChapter 10: Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. The Physiocrats and Adam SmithChapter 11: Theories of Fixed and Circulating Capital. RicardoChapter 12: The Working PeriodChapter 13: Production TimeChapter 14: Circulation TimeChapter 15: Effect of Circulation Time on the Magnitude of the Capital Advanced1. Working Period and Circulation Period Equal2. Working Period Longer than Circulation Period3. Working Period Shorter than Circulation Period4. Results5. Effect of Changes in PriceChapter 16: The Turnover of Variable Capital1. The Annual Rate of Surplus-Value2. The Turnover of an Individual Variable Capital3. The Turnover of Variable Capital Considered from the Social Point of ViewChapter 17: The Circulation of Surplus-Value1. Simple Reproduction2. Accumulation and Expanded ReproductionPart Three: The Reproduction and Circulation of the Total Social CapitalChapter 18: Introduction1. The Object of the Inquiry2. The Role of Money CapitalChapter 19: Former Presentations of the Subject1. The Physiocrats2. Adam Smith(a) Smith's General Perspectives(b) Smith's Resolution of Exchange-Value into v+s(c) The Constant Capital Component(d) Capital and Revenue in Adam Smith(e) Summary3. Later WritersChapter 20: Simple Reproduction1. Formulation of the Problem2. The Two Departments of Social Production3. Exchange Between the Two Departments: I against II4. Exchange Within Department II. Necessary Means of Subsistence and Luxury Items5. The Mediation of the Exchanges by Monetary Circulation6. The Constant Capital in Department I7. Variable Capital and Surplus-Value in the Two Departments8. The Constant Capital in Both Departments9. A Look Back at Adam Smith, Storch and Ramsay10. Capital and Revenue: Variable Capital and Wages11. Replacement of the Fixed Capital(a) Replacement of the Depreciation Component in the Money Form(b) Replacement of the Fixed Capital in Kind(c) Results12. The Reproduction of the Money Material13. Destutt de Tracy's Theory of ReproductionChapter 21: Accumulation and Reproduction on an Expanded Scale1. Accumulation in Department I(a) Hoard Formation(b) The Additional Constant Capital(c) The Additional Variable Capital2. Accumulation in Department II3. Schematic Presentation of Accumulation(a) First Example(b) Second Example(c) The Exchange of II in the Case of Accumulation4. Supplementary RemarksQuotations in Languages Other than English and GermanIndex of Authorities QuotedGeneral IndexNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and EngelsChronology of Works by Marx and Engels

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Book SynopsisUnfinished at the time of Marx''s death in 1883 and first published with a preface by Frederick Engels in 1894, the third volume of Das Kapital strove to combine the theories and concepts of the two previous volumes in order to prove conclusively that capitalism is inherently unworkable as a permanent system for society. Here, Marx asserts controversially that - regardless of the efforts of individual capitalists, public authorities or even generous philanthropists - any market economy is inevitably doomed to endure a series of worsening, explosive crises leading finally to complete collapse. But healso offers an inspirational and compelling prediction: that the end of capitalism will culminate, ultimately, in the birth of a far greater form of society.Table of ContentsIntroduction by Ernest MandelPreface (Frederick Engels)BOOK III: THE PROCESS OF CAPITALIST PRODUCTION AS A WHOLEPART ONE: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO PROFIT, AND OF THE RATE OF SURPLUS-VALUE INTO THE RATE OF PROFITChapter 1: Cost Price and ProfitChapter 2: The Rate of ProfitChapter 3: The Relationship between Rate of Profit and Rate of Surplus-ValueChapter 4: The Effect of the Turnover on the Rate of ProfitChapter 5: Economy in the Use of Constant Capital1. General Considerations2. Saving on the Conditions of Work at the Workers' Expense3. Economy in the Generation and Transmission of Power, and on Buildings4. Utilization of the Refuse of Production5. Economy through InventionsChapter 6: The Effect of Changes in Price 1. Fluctuations in the Price of Raw Material; Their Direct Effects on the Rate of Profit2. Revaluation and Devaluation of Capital; Release and Tying-Up of Capital3. General Illustration: The Cotton Crisis 1861-5Chapter 7: Supplementary Remarks PART TWO: THE TRANSFORMATION OF PROFIT INTO AVERAGE PROFITChapter 8: Different Compositions of Capital in Different Branches of Production, and the Resulting Variation in Rates of ProfitChapter 9: Formation of a General Rate of Profit (Average Rate of Profit), and Transformation of Commodity Values into Prices of ProductionChapter 10: The Equalization of the General Rate of Profit through Competition. Market Prices and Market Values. Surplus ProfitChapter 11: The Effects of General Fluctuations in Wages on the Prices of ProductionChapter 12: Supplementary Remarks1. The Causes of a Change in the Price of Production2. The Production Price of Commodities of Average Composition3. The Capitalist's Grounds for CompensationPART THREE: THE LAW OF THE TENDENTIAL FALL IN THE RATE OF PROFIT Chapter 13: The Law ItselfChapter 14: Counteracting Factors1. More Intense Exploitation of Labour2. Reduction of Wages below their Value3. Cheapening of the Elements of Constant Capital4. The Relative Surplus Population5. Foreign Trade6. The Increase in Share CapitalChapter 15: Development of the Law's Internal Contradictions 1. General Considerations2. The Conflict between the Extension of Production and Valorization3. Surplus Capital alongside Surplus Population4. Supplementary RemarksPART FOUR: THE TRANSFORMATION OF COMMODITY CAPITAL AND MONEY CAPITAL INTO COMMERCIAL CAPITAL AND MONEY-DEALING CAPITAL (MERCHANT'S CAPITAL) Chapter 16: Commercial CapitalChapter 17: Commercial ProfitChapter 18: The Turnover of Commercial Capital. PricesChapter 19. Money-Dealing CapitalChapter 20: Historical Material on Merchant's CapitalPART FIVE: THE DIVISION OF PROFIT INTO INTEREST AND PROFIT OF ENTERPRISEChapter 21: Interest-Bearing CapitalChapter 22: Division of Profit. Rate of Interest. "Natural" Rate of InterestChapter 23: Interest and Profit of EnterpriseChapter 24: Interest-Bearing Capital as the Superficial Form of the Capital RelationChapter 25: Credit and Fictitious CapitalChapter 26: Accumulation of Money Capital, and its Influence on the Rate of InterestChapter 27: The Role of Credit in Capitalist ProductionChapter 28: Means of Circulation and CApital. The Views of Tooke and FullartonChapter 29: Banking Capital's Component PartsChapter 30: Money Capital and Real Capital: IChapter 31: Money Capital and Real Capital: II (Continuation)1. Transformation of Money into Loan Capital2. Transformation of Capital or Revenue into Money that is Transformed into Loan CapitalChapter 32: Money Capital and Real Capital: III (Conclusion) Chapter 33: The Means of Circulation under the Credit SystemChapter 34: The Currency Principle and the English Bank Legislation of 1844Chapter 35: Precious Metal and Rate of Exchange1. The Movement of the Gold Reserve2. The Exchange RateChapter 36: Pre-Capitalist Relations PART SIX: THE TRANSFORMATION OF SURPLUS PROFIT INTO GROUND-RENTChapter 37: IntroductionChapter 38: Differential Rent in GeneralChapter 39: The First Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent I)Chapter 40: The Second Form of Differential Rent (Differential Rent II)Chapter 41: Differential Rent II - First Case: Price of Production ConstantChapter 42: Differential Rent II - Second Case: Price of Production Falling1. With the Productivity of the Extra Capital Investment Remaining Constant2. A Falling Rate of Productivity for the Extra Capital3. A Rising Rate of Productivity for the Extra CapitalChapter 43: Differential Rent II - Third Case: Rising Price of Production. Results Chapter 44: Differential Rent Even on the Poorest Land CultivatedChapter 45: Absolute Ground-RentChapter 46: Rent of Buildings. Rent of Mines. Price of LandChapter 47: The Genesis of Capitalist Ground-Rent1. Introduction2. Labour Rent3. Rent in Kind4. Money Rent5. Share-Cropping and Small-Scale Peasant OwnershipPART SEVEN: THE REVENUES AND THEIR SOURCES Chapter 48: The Trinity FormulaChapter 49: On the Analysis of the Production ProcessChapter 50: The Illusion Created by CompetitionChapter 51: Relations of Distribution and Relations of ProductionChapter 52: ClassesSupplement and Addendum to Volume 3 of Capital (Frederick Engels) 1. Law of Value and Rate of Profit2. The Stock ExchangeQuotations in Languages Other than English and GermanIndex of Authorities QuotedGeneral IndexNote on Previous Editions of the Works of Marx and EngelsChronology of Works by Marx and Engels

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Book SynopsisKarl Marx (1818-1883) is arguably the most famous political philosopher of all time, but he was also one of the great foreign correspondents of the nineteenth century. During his eleven years writing for the New York Tribune (their collaboration began in 1852), Marx tackled an abundance of topics, from issues of class and the state to world affairs. Particularly moving pieces highlight social inequality and starvation in Britain, while others explore his groundbreaking views on the slave and opium trades - Marx believed Western powers relied on these and would stop at nothing to protect their interests. Above all, Marx’s fresh perspective on nineteenth-century events encouraged his readers to think, and his writing is surprisingly relevant today.For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works througho

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Book SynopsisMarx and Engel's landmark treatise - in a graphic deluxe editionOne of the most important and influential political theories ever formulated, The Communist Manifesto is a revolutionary summons to the working class-an incisive account of a new theory of communism that would be brought about by a proletarian revolution. Arguing that increasing exploitation of industrial workers will eventually lead to a rebellion in which capitalism will be overthrown, Marx and Engels propose a vision of a society without classes, private property, or a state. The theoretical basis of political systems in Russia, China, Cuba, and Eastern Europe, The Communist Manifesto continues to influence and provoke debate on capitalism and class.For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and

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Book SynopsisThis second edition of McLellan''s comprehensive selection of Marx''s writings includes carefully selected extracts from the whole range of Marx''s political, philosophical and economic thought. Each section of the book deals with a different period of Marx''s life with the sections arranged in chronological order, thus allowing the reader to trace the development of Marx''s thought, from his early years as a student and political journalist in Germany right through to his final letters of the early 1880s. The inclusion of extracts from some of Marx''s less well-known works alongside selections from classic texts such as The Communist Manifesto and Capital provides the reader with an unparalleled overview of Marx''s thinking, whilst Professor McLellan''s fully updated and revised introduction and bibliographical notes accompanying each extract put Marx''s writings into biographical and historical context. This edition also includes a general bibliography and a full index of names and iTable of ContentsPART ONE: THE EARLY WRITINGS 1837-1844; PART TWO: THE MATERIALIST CONCEPTION OF HISTORY 1844-1847; PART THREE: 1848 AND AFTER; PART FOUR: THE 'ECONOMICS' 1857-1867; PART FIVE: LATER POLITICAL WRITINGS 1864-1882

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents those writings of Marx that best reveal his contribution to sociology, particularly to the theory of society and social change. The editor, Neil J. Smelser, has divided these selections into three topical sections and has also included works by Friedrich Engels. The first section, The Structure of Society, contains Marx's writings on the material basis of classes, the basis of the state, and the basis of the family. Among the writings included in this section are Marx's well-known summary from the Preface of A Contribution to a Critique of Political Economy and his equally famous observations on the functional significance of religion in relation to politics. The second section is titled The Sweep of Historical Change. The first selection here contains Marx's first statement of the main precapitalist forms of production. The second selection focuses on capitalism, its contradictions, and its impending destruction. Two brief final selections treat the nature of communism, particularly its freedom from the kinds of contradictions that have plagued all earlier forms of societies. The last section, The Mechanisms of Change, reproduces several parts of Marx's analysis of the mechanisms by which contradictions develop in capitalism and generate group conflicts. Included is an analysis of competition and its effects on the various classes, a discussion of economic crises and their effects on workers, and Marx's presentation of the historical specifics of the class struggle. In his comprehensive Introduction to the selections, Professor Smelser provides a biography of Marx, indentifies the various intellectual traditions which formed the background for Marx's writings, and discusses the selections which follow. The editor describes Marx's conception of society as a social system, the differences between functionalism and Marx's theories, and the dynamics of economic and political change as analyzed by Marx.

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Book SynopsisCapital, one of Marx's major and most influential works, was the product of thirty years close study of the capitalist mode of production in England, the most advanced industrial society of his day. This new translation of Volume One, the only volume to be completed and edited by Marx himself, avoids some of the mistakes that have marred earlier versions and seeks to do justice to the literary qualities of the work. The introduction is by Ernest Mandel, author of Late Capitalism, one of the only comprehensive attempts to develop the theoretical legacy of Capital.

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Book SynopsisThe Communist Manifesto was first published in London in 1848 by two young men in their twenties, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and its impact reverberated across the globe and through the next century. Foreshadowing globalization 150 years before it happened, the Manifesto brims with prescient insights into the crisis facing capitalism today. It is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand the modern political landscape. This edition includes a new introduction by the bestselling author of And the Weak Suffer What They Must? and Talking to My Daughter About the Economy, Yanis Varoufakis.

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Book Synopsis'A spectre is haunting Europe - the spectre of Communism.' So begins one of history's most important documents, a work of such magnitude that it has forever changed not only the scope of world politics, but indeed the course of human civilization. The Communist Manifesto was written in Friedrich Engels's clear, striking prose and declared the earth-shaking ideas of Karl Marx. Upon publication in 1848, it quickly became the credo of the poor and oppressed who longed for a society 'in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.'The Communist Manifesto contains the seeds of Marx's more comprehensive philosophy, which continues to inspire influential economic, political, social, and literary theories. But the Manifesto is most valuable as an historical document, one that led to the greatest political upheaveals of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and to the establishment of the Communist governments that until recently ruled half the g

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisPart of a definitive English-language edition, prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow, which contains all the works of Marx and Engels, whether published in their lifetimes or since. The series includes their complete correspondence and newly discovered works.

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Book SynopsisPart of a definitive English-language edition, prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow, which contains all the works of Marx and Engels, whether published in their lifetimes or since. The series includes their complete correspondence and newly discovered works.

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Book SynopsisPart of a definitive English-language edition, prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow, which contains all the works of Marx and Engels, whether published in their lifetimes or since. The series includes their complete correspondence and newly discovered works.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart of a definitive English-language edition, prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow, which contains all the works of Marx and Engels, whether published in their lifetimes or since. The series includes their complete correspondence and newly discovered works.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart of a definitive English-language edition, prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow, which contains all the works of Marx and Engels, whether published in their lifetimes or since. The series includes their complete correspondence and newly discovered works.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart of a definitive English-language edition, prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow, which contains all the works of Marx and Engels, whether published in their lifetimes or since. The series includes their complete correspondence and newly discovered works.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPart of a definitive English-language edition, prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Marxism-Leninism in Moscow, which contains all the works of Marx and Engels, whether published in their lifetimes or since. The series includes their complete correspondence and newly discovered works.

Read more less