Neuroimaging and neuroanatomy Books

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsBrain Scalp, Skull, and Meninges Scalp and Calvarial Vault Cranial Meninges Pia and Perivascular Spaces Supratentorial Brain Anatomy Cerebral Hemispheres Overview Gyral/Sulcal Anatomy White Matter Tracts Basal Ganglia and Thalamus Other Deep Gray Nuclei Limbic System Sella, Pituitary, and Cavernous Sinus Pineal Region Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3) Primary Motor Cortex (Area 4) Superior Parietal Cortex (Areas 5, 7) Premotor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area (Area 6) Superior Prefrontal Cortex (Area 8) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (Areas 9, 46) Frontal Pole (Area 10) Orbitofrontal Cortex (Area 11) Insula and Parainsula Areas (Areas 13, 43) Primary Visual and Visual Association Cortex (Areas 17, 18, 19) Temporal Cortex (Areas 20, 21, 22) Posterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 23, 31) Anterior Cingulate Cortex (Areas 24, 32, 33) Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (Area 25) Retrosplenial Cingulate Cortex (Areas 29, 30) Parahippocampal Gyrus (Areas 28, 34, 35, 36) Fusiform Gyrus (Area 37) Temporal Pole (Area 38) Inferior Parietal Lobule (Areas 39, 40) Primary Auditory and Auditory Association Cortex (Areas 41, 42) Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Areas 44, 45, 47) High-Resolution Cortical Anatomy Brain Network Anatomy Functional Network Overview Neurotransmitter Systems Default Mode Network Attention Control Network Sensorimotor Network Visual Network Limbic Network Language Network Memory Network Social Network Infratentorial Brain Brainstem and Cerebellum Overview Midbrain Pons Medulla Cerebellum Cerebellopontine Angle/IAC CSF Spaces Ventricles and Choroid Plexus Subarachnoid Spaces/Cisterns Skull Base and Cranial Nerves Skull Base Overview Anterior Skull Base Central Skull Base Posterior Skull Base Cranial Nerves Overview Olfactory Nerve (CNI) Optic Nerve (CNII) Oculomotor Nerve (CNIII) Trochlear Nerve (CNIV) Trigeminal Nerve (CNV) Abducens Nerve (CNVI) Facial Nerve (CNVII) Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CNVIII) Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX) Vagus Nerve (CNX) Accessory Nerve (CNXI) Hypoglossal Nerve (CNXII) Extracranial Arteries Aortic Arch and Great Vessels Cervical Carotid Arteries Intracranial Arteries Intracranial Arteries Overview Intracranial Internal Carotid Artery Circle of Willis Anterior Cerebral Artery Middle Cerebral Artery Posterior Cerebral Artery Vertebrobasilar System Veins and Venous Sinuses Intracranial Venous System Overview Dural Sinuses Superficial Cerebral Veins Deep Cerebral Veins Posterior Fossa Veins Extracranial Veins Spine Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle Vertebral Column Overview Ossification Vertebral Body and Ligaments Intervertebral Disc and Facet Joints Paraspinal Muscles Craniocervical Junction Cervical Spine Thoracic Spine Lumbar Spine Sacrum and Coccyx Cord, Meninges, and Spaces Spinal Cord and Cauda Equina Meninges and Compartments Vascular Spinal Arterial Supply Spinal Veins and Venous Plexus Plexi and Peripheral Nerves Brachial Plexus Lumbar Plexus Sacral Plexus and Sciatic Nerve Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Overview

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Book SynopsisNeurology trainees will learn of presentations and diagnostic features from a wide range of neurological disorders including infective, inflammatory, neoplastic and functional neurology. Patient perspectives offer the personal impact of the specific neurological condition to further understanding of the different disorders and enhance patient care.Table of ContentsSection I. Visual Disturbance; 1. Weight loss effects on vision and limbs; 2. Adult-onset visual loss; 3. A bee of a syndrome; 4. Multiple problems; 5. Chasing periorbital nerves; 6. High pressure; 7. Test characteristic limitations; 8. Temporary visual failure; 9. Chasing the clot; Section II. Headache and Pain: 10. Losing volume; 11. Where is the pus?; 12. Recurrent acute headaches; 13. A 'never' recurring event; 14. Headache and fever; 15. Brain infection; 16. Headache and droopy eye; 17. Facial somatic mosaicism; 18. An alarm clock headache; Section III. Weakness: 19. Bleeding brain; 20. A battery issue; 21. Symptoms took years to develop; 22. High-frequency improvement; 23. Singling out dermatomes; 24. Asthmatic neurology; 25. Neurological consequences of infection; 26. When speech and swallow fail; 27. Recurrent weakness; 28. Increasing golfing handicap; Section IV. Behavioural and Language Changes: 29. Emotional consequences; 30. Covalent cascade; 31. Progressive silence; 32. Personality change; 33. Evolving and changing neurology; Section V. Confusion: 34. Clouding of consciousness in hospital; 35. Leaky effects of rising pressure; 36. Smoking encephalopathy; 37. Losing running memories; Section VI. Movement Disturbances: 38. Involuntary arm movement; 39. Salt control; 40. A young man with more than dizziness; 41. Late Familial Falling; 42. Non-familial falling; 43. Shaking leg; 44. A viral opportunity; 45. More searching for causes of progressive unsteadiness; Section VII. Acute Onset of Neurological Symptoms: 46, A neurological miscarriage; 47. Am I repeating myself?; 48. A raspberry causing trouble; 49. Different spells; 50. Following the eyes; 51. Fuming loss of consciousness; 52. From skin to brain; 53. Self-tolerance failure; 54. Not a minor problem; 55. Seized; Index.

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Book SynopsisNeuroimaging techniques that can help elucidate and characterize the nature and mechanism of tissue injury and disease progression in neurodegenerative disease are of particular importance given its their roles in seeking successful preventive and therapeutic treatments. Studying large-scale samples with various disease mechanisms using multi-parametric imaging, as well as revealing the correlations between the neuroimaging metrics and clinical data including neurocognitive function and neuropsychological inventories to elucidate multiple factors affecting the neurodegeneration processes in brain are the main topics of this book. In addition, the neural underpins of cognitive and psychological functions with advanced functional imaging techniques can provide better cross-validation and clinical symptom relevance of multi-parametric data. Expanding the current findings with higher diagnosis accuracy and detection specificity in multiple neurodegenerative diseases as well as better differentiation of each type are the ultimate goal. The results in this book will extend the current notion of diagnosis value of various relatively new imaging techniques in multiple neurodegenerative diseases including traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, multiple sclerosis and early stage of Alzheimer's disease such as mild cognitive impairment. Specifically, the neurobiology and related imaging findings of the four representative neurodegenerative diseases will be introduced and reviewed, including brain region-specific and disease-related alterations, unique clinical symptom of each disease, as well as previous findings and challenges. There is an increasing body of literature suggesting that damage to the default mode network, hypothalamus, thalamus and hippocampus neuronal networks and local injuries might be under-diagnosed and may account for some of the sequelae following the neurodegenerative injuries including trauma and dementia. The relatively novel imaging results to differentiate each disease using advanced functional connectivity, neuronal activity, microstructure integrity analysis based on structural connectivity, multi-dimensional morphometry and molecular imaging tracers including amyloid and tau for neuropathological burden quantification were presented to differentiate each type of disease. We then briefly reviewed some of the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine with neuroimaging quantifications to help treating neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, our work proves that the multi-parametric neuroimaging methods with more than twelve metrics and numerous tight clinical association data presented in this book are the most forefront and up-to-date with enough sensitivity, precision and resolution. Taken together, multiple neuroimaging metrics haved been demonstrated in this book to identify and quantify significant and distinct brain alterations at function, microstructure, morphology and molecular scales in different types of neurodegenerative diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. These comprehensive imaging features could be combined to improve disease diagnosis accuracy. The aim of this book is thus intended to provide both beginners and experts in biomedical imaging and health care a broad and complete picture as well as the new developments of using multiple metrics in improving disease identification and diagnosis accuracy. This book would hopefully capture the interests of colleagues interested in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis and treatment, and could help convey the methodological and integrative perspectives of multi-parametric neuroimaging applications.

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Book SynopsisMultiple advanced neuroimaging applications in various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), vascular dementia (VaD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are covered in this book. Relatively novel techniques such as integrated PET/MRI and independent component analysis (ICA)-based dual regression (DR) methods were developed to capture multi-level molecular/functional and structural/microstructural as well as high-order inter-network coordination abnormalities. For instance, both PET dopamine transporter and striatal binding ratio reductions in the caudate and putamen were found in PD, consistent with the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction and fMRI voxel-mirrored homotopic correlation (VMHC) in the substantia nigra (swallow tail sign signature of PD). Furthermore, dopamine storage and pathway labeled with the vesicular monoamine transporter tracer identified decreased densities in the bilateral mesial temporal cortex, caudate, orbitofrontal cortex, left frontal and occipital cortices, consistent with the morphological atrophy, functional connectivity and conductivity deficits in PD. Similarly in FTD patients, the advanced MRI methods such as ICA-DR, VMHC, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) as well as PET tracer for amyloid accumulation and FDG glucose uptake identified typical brain atrophy, structural dis-connectivity, glucose hypometabolism, higher neuropathological burden, lower interhemispheric correlation as well as disrupted intra- and inter-network modulation in the orbitofrontal and anterior temporal cortices together with insular and frontoparietal networks, with the cerebellum and dorsolateral attentional network as typical compensations. Functional and structural abnormalities had further been elucidated in the VaD dependent participants and autistic children. For instance, both lower FA and VMHC, brain atrophy and functional connectivity deficits, demyelination, axonal degeneration and white matter integrity damage in several white matter tracts were present in the dependent compared to independent participants in VaD data cohort. Increased neuronal activity with higher global fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the conventional and slow-wave sub-band was confirmed with less efficiency of systematic integration in VaD dependent group. Moreover, in ASD compared to controls, regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness in all four brain lobes increased, whereas white matter volume were decreased in addition to the lower temporal, visual and superior frontal but higher inferior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortical functional connectivities exhibited in ASD. The differences in each type of disease could also be revealed with the same imaging method based on either unique region or distinct brain circuit inter-connection, using VMHC, ICA-DR, DTI, VBM, fALFF and graph-theory based small-worldness analysis. In this book, we have developed and generalized conventional and advanced imaging methodologies to several common neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, we have identified the unique imaging signature for each disease type and the underlying neuropathological mechanism connections with conductivity, structural and microstructural connectivity, intra- and inter-network correlation, systematic integration and efficiency analyses. Our objective, comprehensive and confirmative results indicated great potential in utilizing these quantifications for accurate disease classification and staging. With solid imaging evidence, thorough analysis and generalized applications, this book should capture the interests of readers in the broad fields of brain science, disease diagnosis and effective treatment.Table of ContentsPreface; Functional Network and Coordination Deficits in Parkinsons Disease; Molecular Imaging in Parkinsons Disease and PET/MRI Applications; Fronto-Temporal Dementia: Imaging Biomarkers; Vascular Dementia: Brain Structure and Function Evidence; Multiparametric MRI Characterization in Autism Spectrum Disorder; Index.

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