Polymer chemistry Books

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Book SynopsisThis is a polymer physics textbook for upper level undergraduates and first year graduate students. Any student with a working knowledge of calculus, physics and chemistry should be able to read this book. The essential tools of the polymer physical chemist or engineer are derived in this book without skipping any steps. The book is a self-contained treatise that could also serve as a useful reference for scientists and engineers working with polymers. While no prior knowledge of polymers is assumed, the book goes far beyond introductory polymer texts in the scope of what is covered. The fundamental concepts required to fully understand polymer melts, solutions and gels in terms of both static structure and dynamics are explained in detail. Problems at the end of each Chapter provide the reader with the opportunity to apply what has been learned to practice. The book is divided into four parts. After an introduction in Chapter 1, where the necessary concepts from a first course on polyTrade ReviewThe authors have produced an excellent textbook targeted at the final year undergraduate or the postgraduate student ... as a book on modelling it shows an insight and clarity which will make it an invaluable guide for teaching at a high level in any polymer physics or polymer science department. * Polymer International *Nice book, contents well developed ... Well organized * Professor Aurora Perez Gramatges,Pontificia Universidade Catolica Puc-Rio *A good selection of 'problems' is collated at the end of each chapter for keen scholars to practice and to solve ... I am sure the book is of great use for teaching, learning and researching into polymer physics. * Materials World *Any student with a working knowledge of calculus, physics, and chemistry will be able to read this book. The essential tools of the polymer physical chemist or engineer are derived in this book without skipping any steps ... In all cases, attention is restricted to concepts that are firmly entrenched in the field. * The DKI Literature Database on Polymers *The book is intended as a textbook, however it provides more than what is expected from a classical textbook for undergraduates. * Chemphyschem *The book in general greatly benefits from high-quality illustrations. The illustrations are very intuitive, and summarizing the basic concepts. * Chemphyschem *The organization of the book is clear, assisting the reader, who is entering the subject. Extensive and accurate indexing assists the reader, who intends to use the book as a reference book. * Chemphyschem *This book is one of the rare ones, in which the starting knowledge mentioned in the introduction to the reader seems to be sufficient for the understanding of the book. * Chemphyschem *...the book's coverage is excellent... [it] is well written and opens up its subject matter in a very accessible way... I am pleased to have it on my bookshelf... and would expect most institutions to have a copy on their library shelves. * Times Higher Education Supplement *An excellent monograph to introduce basic polymer physics to graduate-level students. * Wei Wang, Institute of Chemistry *Table of ContentsI SINGLE CHAIN CONFORMATIONS; II THERMODYNAMICS OF BLENDS AND SOLUTIONS; III NETWORKS AND GELATION; IV DYNAMICS

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Book SynopsisUpdated throughout for the new edition, Armour: Materials, Theory, and Design covers extant and emergent protection technologies driving advances in armour systems. Covering materials, theory and design, the book has applications in vehicle, ship, personnel and building use.Introducing a wide range of armour technologies, the book is a key guide to the technology used to protect against both blasts and ballistic attacks. Chapters cover bullets, blasts, jets and fragments, as well as penetration mechanics. The new edition builds on the previous one, discussing ceramics and metallic materials as well as woven fabrics and composite laminates. Detailing modern technology advancements, the second edition has also been expanded to include improved explanations on shock mechanisms and includes significantly more figures and diagrams.An essential guide to armour technology, this book outlines key ways to implement protective strategies applicable for many Trade ReviewThe first edition of this book is always within easy reach in my office, as it is a trusted and reliable reference text for my teaching and research. As a world leading expert, Paul Hazell delivers a second edition that expands on the key concepts which adds to its readability which I am sure students will appreciate, and the new chapter on computational modelling is a welcome addition which rounds off what is a superb book. This book should be a standard reference text for anyone interested in impact dynamics, terminal ballistics, armour systems design, and protection technologies.Professor Mark Stewart, University of Technology Sydney This work is a one-stop, up-to-date resource for everything one needs to know to design, select, utilize and test an armour, and it is truly a treasure trove of details and data that greatly enrich[es]… understanding of these extremely challenging, advanced engineered systems. I am not familiar with any competing book that provides the same level of detailed and comprehensive information on the subject, and it is therefore very highly recommended.Professor Paolo Colombo, Universita di PadovaPaul Hazell’s second journey into the complex world of armour is a well-received addition to his already comprehensive first edition, a must for all engineers at any stage of their career, myself included! The welcome addition of the computational methods chapter ensures this book stays at the forefront of armour design resources. His expertise, passion, and wealth of knowledge is reflected in these pages, with an ease of reading only a teacher who understands both the topic and the students studying it could achieve. I have recommended the first edition to my own students and will enthusiastically continue to do so with the release of the second edition.Professor Tuan Ngo, University of MelbourneTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. An Introduction to Materials 3. Bullets, Blast, Jets and Fragments 4. Penetration Mechanics 5. Stress Waves 6. Computational Methods for Armour Design 7. Metallic Armour Materials and Structures 8. Ceramic Armour 9. Woven Fabrics and Composite Laminates for Armour Applications 10. Reactive Armour Systems 11. Human Vulnerability 12. Blast and Ballistic Testing Techniques

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Book SynopsisThe extraordinary growth in the production and use of man-made fibers over the past fewdecades has focused attention on the surface properties of fibers and textiles. This volumecombines surface science and technology in its presentation of the substantial progressthat has been made in the technology related to the surface characteristics of natural,synthetic, and glass fibers and textiles.Adopting an interdisciplinary approach , the coverage places emphasis upon the wetting,soiling, staining, frictional, and adhesive properties of fibers and fabrics, as well asphenomena related to these properties. The book offers critical reviews which describeexperimental facts, theories, and processes. Symbols are clearly defined in each chapter.Among the subjects covered are the surface properties of glass fibers, soil release, stainand water repellance, friction of fabrics, bonding of nonwovens, and the wetting of fibers.Surface Characteristics of Fibers and Textiles, Part II is an outstanding textbook forcourses dealing with surface chemistry, the mechanical properties of textiles, textiletechnology, and polymer chemistry . It is also a valuable reference book designed to makecurrent knowledge on these subjects accessible to industrial and academic researchers.Table of Contents1. The Wetting of Fibers 2. Soil Release by Textile Surfaces 3. Stain and Water Repellency of Textiles 4. Surface Properties of Glass Fibers 5. The Role of Friction in the Mechanical Behavior of Fabrics 6. Surface Properties in Relation to the Bonding of Nonwovens

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Book SynopsisFunctional Polymers for Metal-Ion Batteries Unique and useful book covering fundamental knowledge and practical applications of polymer materials in energy storage systems In Functional Polymers for Metal-Ion Batteries, the recent development and achievements of polymer-based materials are comprehensively analyzed in four directions, including electrode materials, binders, separators, and solid electrolytes, highlighting the working mechanisms, classification, design strategies, and practical applications of these polymer materials in mental-ion batteries. Specific sample topics covered in Functional Polymers for Metal-Ion Batteries include: Prominent advantages of various solid-state electrolytes, such as low flammability, easy processability, more tolerance to vibration, shock, and mechanical deformation Why and how functional polymers present opportunities to maximize energy density and pursue the sustainability of the battery industry How the application of functional polymers in metal-ion batteries helps enhance the high energy density of energy storage devices and reduce carbon footprint during production How development of functional separators could significantly lower the cost of battery manufacturing Providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of polymers in the whole configuration of metal-ion batteries from electrodes to electrolytes, Functional Polymers for Metal-Ion Batteries is an ideal resource for materials scientists, electrochemists, and polymer, solid state, and physical chemists who wish to understand the latest developments of this technology.Table of Contents1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 2. POLYMER ELECTRODE MATERIALS IN MODERN METAL ION BATTERIES 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classification of the polymer electrode materials 2.3 Energy Storage Mechanisms in polymer electrode materials 2.4 Molecular Engineering of polymer electrode materials 2.5 Morphological Engineering of polymer electrode Materials 2.6 Applications (LIBs, SIBs, KIBs,ZIBs, etc) 3. POLYMERIC BINDERS IN MODERN METAL ION BATTERIES 3.1 Introduction 3.2 General Binding Mechanism 3.3 Classification of Binders 3.4 Binder Properties on Electrode Fabrication 3.5 Strategies in Functionalizing Binders 3.6 Application of Binders for Different Energy Materials 4. POLYMERIC SEPARATOR IN MODERN METAL ION BATTERIES 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Functions and Requirements of Separators in a battery 4.3 Classifications of Separators 4.4 Application of Separator 5 POLYMERIC ELECTROLYTES IN MODERN METAL ION BATTERIES 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Ion transport in polymeric electrolyte 5.3 Classifications of polymeric electrolyte 5.4 Strategies in designing solid-state electrolyte 5.5 Application of polymer electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries 6 PERSPECTIVES 6.1 General advantages and challenges of polymers in modern metal ion batteries 6.2 Polymers in Lifting performance in full batteries

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Polymer Crystallization Control the development of polymer crystals with this groundbreaking introduction Polymer crystallization is a crucial component of polymer development that impacts processing, applications, presentation, and more. Intervention in the polymer crystallization process, in the form of nanofilters, compatibilizers, and more, has the potential to improve optical and chemical properties, improve degrees of crystallinity, and increase the hardness of polymer composites. The myriad applications of crystalline polymers make this one of the most exciting and fast-growing fields in polymer research. Polymer Crystallization provides a comprehensive introduction to this field and its most important recent developments. It characterizes and analysis an expansive range of crystalline polymers and discusses possible mechanisms for influencing their crystallization processes to impact a variety of outcomes and applications. These applications include industries from food packaging to automotive parts to medical and aerospace materials. Polymer Crystallization readers will also find: Detailed treatment of polymer morphology, rheology, modeling, and more Thorough introduction to the fundamentals of polymer crystallization Discussion of environmental safety issues and avenues for future research Polymer Crystallization is a useful reference for materials scientists, polymer scientists, biomedical scientists, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in these and related fields.

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Book SynopsisAll life is made from CO2 . It was there at earth's birth, and throughout evolution. It has kept our planet habitable for hundreds of millions of years. It has given us all the splendours of the world we know today. And yet it also holds the potential for life's destruction. In this gripping adventure through eras and places, award-winning science journalist Peter Brannen tells the story of the world's most important molecule. We travel from the beginning of time all the way up to our present reality, witnessing the staggering journey that CO2 has undertaken. As we watch its movements through the rocks, the air, the oceans and living beings over four billion years, we come to see more clearly what it means for us to be churning through ancient life in the form of fossil fuels as we power our industrial world. We are, Brannen shows, performing an unprecedented experiment on our planet. If we are to avoid its catastrophic consequences, we must all begin to deepen our understanding

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Book SynopsisPresents discussions on a range of approaches for molecular imprinting. This book offers experimental protocols that exemplify specific techniques, as well as surveys on molecular imprinting research and applications. It offers instruction on methods to design and optimize molecularly imprinted polymers.Trade Review"The editors have done an excellent job in soliciting chapters on specific topics and organizing them thematically to provide a volume in which the chapters compliment each other." JACS, 2005Table of ContentsMolecular Imprinting - An Introduction. A Brief History of the "New Era" of Molecular Imprinting. The Non-Covalent Approach. The covalent and other stoichiometric approaches. The Semi-covalent Approach. The Use of Metal Coordination for Controlling the Microenvironment of Imprinted Polymers. Synthesis and Selection of Functional and Structural Monomers. Combinatorial Approaches to Molecular Imprinting. Surface Imprinting. Scaffold Imprinting. Imprinting in Inorganic Matrices. Post Modification of Imprinted Polymers. Molecular Imprinting Using Hybrid Materials as Host Matrices. Thermodynamic Considerations and the Use of Molecular Modeling as a Tool for Predicting MIP Performances. Selectivity in Molecularly Imprinted Matrices Binding Isotherms. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Beads. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Films and Membranes. Micromonoliths and Microfabricated Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Chromatographic Techniques. Capillary Electrophoresis. Metal Ion selective Molecularly Imprinted Materials. Solid Phase Extraction and Byproduct Removal. Applications of Molecularly Imprinted Materials as Enzyme Mimics. Application of MIPs as Antibody Mimics in Immunoassays. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Elements in Sensors: Mass and Electrochemical Sensors. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Recognition Elements in Optical Sensors

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Book SynopsisProviding valuable insight on physical behavior of polymer solutions, intermolecular interactions, and the molecular nature of mixtures, each volume in this one-of-a-kind handbook brings together reliable, easy-to-use entries, references, tables, examples, and appendices on experimental data from hundreds of primary journal articles, dissertations, and other published papers. This three-volume set presents hundreds of data sets including VLE/gas solubility isotherms, LLE and HPPE for polymer systems in supercritical fluids, as well as volumetric, enthalpic, and virial coefficient data sets, essential for handling industrial and laboratory processes involving all types of polymer systems. _CRC Handbook of Thermodynamic Data of Polymer Solutions at Elevated PressuresCRC Handbook of Thermodynamic Data of Aqueous Polymer Solutions

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Book SynopsisThis third edition has been updated and expanded, providing industrial chemists, technologists, environmental scientists, and engineers with an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers. Highlighting existing and new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and processing conditions. It explores breakthroughs in understanding property-structure relationships, new polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying polymers, such as melt-processable fluoroplastics. It also expands on the important properties of fluoropolymers, including heat and radiation degradation, health effects, and recycling.Features: Revised, updated, and expanded to continue to provide an accurate, compact, and practical source of information on fluoropolymers Explores the property-structure relationships, polymerization techniques, and the chemistry underlying poTable of ContentsPART I OVERVIEW OF FLUOROPOLYMERS 1 Introduction 2 Societal Benefits and Evolution of Fluoropolymers 2.1 Basic Fluoropolymer Properties 2.2 Examples of Fluoropolymer Properties 2.3 Automotive Applications 2.4 Aerospace Wire and Cable 2.5 Aircraft Fuel Hose 2.6 Heart Rhythm Management-ICD 2.7 Pediatric Heart Repair 2.8 Thread Sealant 2.9 Chemical Processing Industry-Lined Pipes, Fittings, and Vessels 2.10 Semiconductor Chip Fabrication 2.11 Biomedical Applications 2.12 PTFE Micropowders 2.13 Applications of Fluoropolymers in Transportation 2.14 Properties of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 2.15 Delving Deeper into Properties 2.16 Forces Affecting the Fluoropolymer Industries References PART II THERMOPLASTIC FLUOROPOLYMERS 3 Synthesis and Properties of Monomers of Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 3.1 Preparation of Tetrafluoroethylene 3.2 Properties of Tetrafluoroethylene 3.3 Preparation of Hexafluoropropylene 3.4 Properties of Hexafluoropropylene 3.5 Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylvinylethers (PAVEs) 3.6 Properties of Perfluoroalkylvinylethers 3.7 Synthesis of Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) 3.8 Properties of Chlorotrifluoroethylene 3.9 Synthesis of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) 3.10 Properties of Vinylidene Fluoride 3.11 Synthesis of Vinyl Fluoride (VF) 3.12 Properties of Vinyl Fluoride (VF) References 4 Polymerization of Commercial Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 4.1 Polymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene 4.1.1 Granular Resins 4.1.2 Fine Powder Resins 4.1.3 Aqueous Dispersions 4.1.4 Filled Compounds 4.1.5 Modified PTFE 4.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) 4.2.1 Industrial Process for the Production of FEP 4.3 Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) Resin 4.3.1 Industrial Process for the Production of Perfluoroalkoxy Resin 4.4 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 4.4.1 Industrial Process for the Production of PCTFE 4.5 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) 4.5.1 Industrial Process for the Production of PVDF 4.6 Polyvinyl Fluoride 4.6.1 Industrial Process for the Production of Polyvinyl Fluoride 4.7 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) Copolymer 4.7.1 Industrial Process for the Production of ECTFE 4.8 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) Copolymer 4.8.1 Industrial Process for the Production of ETFE 4.9 Terpolymers of TFE, HFP and VDF (THV Fluoroplastic) 4.10 Terpolymers and Quarterpolymers of HFP, TFE and Ethylene References 5 Properties of Commercial Fluoropolymers 5.1 Properties as Related to the Structure of Fluoropolymers 5.1.1 Fluoroplastics 5.1.1.1 Mechanical Properties 5.1.1.2 Optical Properties 5.1.2 Fluoroelastomers 5.2 Properties of Individual Commercial Fluoroplastics 5.2.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene 5.2.1.1 Molecular Weight 5.2.1.2 Molecular Conformation 5.2.1.3 Crystallinity and Melting Behavior 5.2.1.4 Mechanical Properties 5.2.1.5 Surface Properties 5.2.1.6 Absorption and Permeation 5.2.1.7 Electrical Properties 5.2.2 Modified Polytetrafluoroethylene 5.2.3 Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (FEP) 5.2.3.1 Mechanical Properties 5.2.3.2 Electrical Properties 5.2.3.3 Chemical Properties 5.2.3.4 Optical Properties 5.2.3.5 Other Properties 5.2.4 Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Perfluoroalkyl Ethers (PFA and MFA) 5.2.4.1 Physical and Mechanical Properties 5.2.4.2 Electrical Properties 5.2.4.3 Optical properties 5.2.4.4 Chemical Properties 5.2.5 Copolymers of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) 5.2.5.1 Structure and Related Properties 5.2.5.2 Mechanical, Chemical and Other Properties 5.2.6 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) 5.2.6.1 Mechanical Properties 5.2.6.2 Electrical Properties 5.2.6.3 Chemical Properties 5.2.7 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 5.2.7.1 Thermal Properties 5.2.7.2 Mechanical, Chemical and Other Properties 5.2.8. Copolymer of Ethylene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) 5.2.8.1 Properties of ECTFE 5.2.9 Terpolymer of Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene and Vinylidene Fluoride (THV Fluoroplastic) 5.2.9.1 Properties of THV Fluoroplastic 5.2.10 Terpolymer of Tetrafluoroethylene, Ethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (EFEP) 5.2.11 Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF) 5.2.11.1 Properties of the PVF Polymer 5.2.11.2 Polyvinyl Fluoride Films and Their Properties 5.2.11.2.1 Chemical Properties 5.2.11.2.2 Optical Properties 5.2.11.2.3 Weathering Performance 5.2.11.2.4 Electrical Properties 5.2.11.2.5 Thermal Stability References 6 Processing of Polytetrafluoroethylene Resins 6.1 Processing of Granular Resins 6.1.1 Compression Molding 6.1.1.1 Preforming 6.1.1.2 Sintering 6.1.2 Other Molding Methods 6.1.3 Ram Extrusion 6.2 Processing of Fine Powders 6.2.1 Introduction 6.2.2 Fabrication Methods for Products from Fine Powders 6.2.2.1 Preparation of the Extrusion Mix 6.2.2.2 Preforming 6.2.2.3 Extrusion 6.2.3 Fabrication of Films, Tapes and Sealing Cords 6.2.3.1 Manufacture of Unsintered Tape 6.2.4 Fabrication of Tubing and Hoses 6.2.5 Fabrication of Thin Walled Pipes and Liners 6.2.5.1 Liner Extrusion 6.2.5.2 Drying and Sintering the Liner 6.2.6 Fabrication of Wire and Cable Insulation 6.2.6.1 Wire Extrusion System 6.2.6.2 Wire Extrusion Process 6.2.6.3 Drying and Sintering of Wire Insulation 6.2.7 Fabrication of Expanded PTFE 6.2.7.1 The Expansion Process 7 Processing of Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics 7.1 Melt-Processible Perfluoroplastics 7.1.1 Copolymers of Polytetrafluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (FEP) 7.1.2 Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and Perfluoroalkyl ethers (PFA and MFA) 7.2 Processing of Other Melt-Processible Fluoroplastics 7.2.1 Copolymers of Ethylene and Tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) 7.2.2 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) 7.2.3 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) 7.2.4 Copolymer of Ethylene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) 7.2.5 Terpolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene and Vinylidene Fluoride (THV Fluoroplastics) 7.2.6 Terpolymer of Ethylene, Tetrafluoroethylene and Hexafluoropropylene (EFEP) 8 Applications of Commercial Thermoplastic Fluoropolymers 8.1 Applications of PTFE and Modified PTFE 8.2 Applications of FEP 8.3 Applications of PFA and MFA 8.4 Applications of ETFE 8.5 Applications of PVDF 8.6 Applications of PCTFE 8.7 Applications of ECTFE 8.8 Applications of THV Fluoroplastics 8.9 Applications of EFEP 8.10 Applications of PVF 8.10.1 Aircraft Interiors 8.10.2 Architectural Applications 8.10.3 Graphics 8.10.4 Solar Applications References PART III FLUOROELASTOMERS 9 Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1 Manufacturing Process for Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1.1 Industrial Synthesis of Monomers for Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1.2 Polymerization and Finishing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.1.2.1 Emulsion Polymerization 9.1.2.1.1 Continuous Emulsion Polymerization 9.1.2.1.2 Semi-batch Emulsion Polymerization 9.1.2.2 Suspension Polymerization 9.2 Properties of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.2.1 Properties Related to the Polymer Structure 9.2.2 Properties of Currently Available Commercial Fluorocarbon lastomers 9.3 Fabrication Methods for Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.1 Mixing and Processing 9.3.1.1 Mixing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.1.2 Processing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.1.2.1 Calandering 9.3.1.2.2 Extrusion 9.3.1.2.3 Solution and Latex Coating 9.3.2 Curing of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.3.2.1 Cross-linking Chemistry 9.3.2.1.1 Cross-linking by Ionic Mechanism 9.3.2.1.2 Cross-linking by Radical Mechanism (Peroxid Cure) 9.3.2.1.3 Cross-linking by Ionizing Radiation 9.3.2.2 Molding Processes 9.3.2.2.1 Compression Molding 9.3.2.2.2 Transfer Molding 9.3.2.2.3 Injection Molding 9.3.3 Post-curing Process 9.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cured Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.4.1 Heat Resistance 9.4.2 Compression Set Resistance 9.4.3 Low-temperature Flexibility 9.4.4 Resistance to Automotive Fuels 9.4.5 Resistance to Solvents and Chemicals 9.4.6 Steam Resistance 9.5 Formulation of Compounds of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.5.1 Fillers 9.5.2 Acid Acceptor Systems 9.5.3 Curatives 9.5.4 Plasticizers and Processing Aids 9.6 Applications of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 9.6.1 Applications of FKMs 9.6.1.1 Typical Automotive Applications 9.6.1.2 Typical Aerospace and Military Applications 9.6.1.3 Typical Chemical and Petrochemical Applications 9.6.1.4 Other Industrial Applications 9.6.2 Applications of FFKM 9.6.3 Applications of FEPM 9.6.4 Applications of FKMs in Coatings and Sealants 9.6.5 Applications of FKMs as Polymer Processing Additive 9.7 Examples of Fluorocarbon Elastomer Formulations 9.8 Fluoroelastomer Safety, Disposal, and Sustainability 9.8.1 Safety in Production 9.8.2 Safety in Applications 9.8.3 Disposal 9.8.4 Sustainability References 10 Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Types of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.3 Methods to Produce Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.4 Commercial Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers and Their Properties 10.5 Applications of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 10.5.1 Chemical and Semiconductor Industries 10.5.2 Electrical Applications and Wire and Cable 10.5.3 Other Applications References 11 Fluoro-Inorganic Elastomers 11.1 Fluorosilicone Elastomers 11.1.1 Introduction 11.1.2 Polymerization Process for Fluorosilicone Elastomers 11.1.3 Processing of Fluorosilicone Elastomers and Compounds 11.1.4 Properties of Fluorosilicone Elastomer Compounds 11.1.4.1 Fluid and Chemical Resistance 11.1.4.2 Heat Resistance 11.1.4.3 Low Temperature Behavior 11.1.4.4 Electrical Properties 11.1.4.5 Surface Properties 11.1.5 Applications of Fluorosilicone Compounds 11.1.6 Fluorosilicone Liquid Systems 11.1.7 Toxicity and Safety 11.2 Polyphosphazene Elastomers 11.2.1 Introduction 11.2.2 Fluorinated Polyphosphazene Elastomers 11.2.2.1 Properties 11.2.2.2 Applications References PART IV TECHNOLOGY OF FLUOROPOLYMER AQUEOUS SYSTEMS 12 Characteristics and Properties of Fluoropolymer Aqueous Systems 12.1 PTFE Dispersions 12.2 Other Perfluoropolymer Dispersions 12.2.1 FEP Dispersions 12.2.2 PFA and MFA Dispersions 12.2.3 Dispersions of Modified PTFE 12.2.4 Dispersions of PTFE Micropowders 12.3 Other Fluoroplastic Dispersions 12.3.1 Dispersions of PVDF 12.3.2 Dispersions of THV Fluoroplastic 12.4 Fluorocarbon Elastomers in Latex Form References 13 Processing and Applications of Fluoropolymer Aqueous Systems 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Processing and Applications of PTFE Dispersions 13.2.1 Impregnation 13.2.2 Fabric Coating 13.2.2.1 Equipment 13.2.2.2 Formulations 13.2.2.3 Coating Process 13.2.2.4 Lamination 13.2.2.5 Applications of PTFE Coated Fabrics 13.2.3 Cast Films 13.2.3.1 Process and Equipment 13.2.3.2 Applications of PTFE Cast Films 13.2.4 Processing and Applications of Dispersions of Modified PTFE 13.2.5 Processing and Applications of Dispersions of PTFE Micropowders 13.2.6 Other Processing and Applications of PTFE Aqueous Dispersions 13.3 Processing and Applications of Other Fluoropolymer Aqueous Systems 13.3.1 Aqueous Dispersions of FEP and PFA/MFA 13.3.2 Aqueous Dispersions of PVDF 13.3.3 Aqueous Dispersions of THV Fluoroplastic 13.3.4 Fluorocarbon Elastomers in Latex Form 13.4 Health and Safety 13.5 Disposal of Aqueous Fluoropolymer Dispersions References PART V OTHER FLUOROPOLYMERS 14 Specialty Fluorinated Polymers 14.1 Amorphous Fluoropolymers 14.2 Fluorinated Acrylates 14.3 Fluorinated Polyurethanes 14.4 Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 14.5 Copolymers of Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Vinyl Ether 14.6 Perfluorinated Ionomers References 15 Applications of Specialty Fluorinated Polymers 15.1 Applications of Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 15.2 Applications of Amorphous Perfluoropolymers 15.3 Applications of Fluorinated Polyurethanes 15.3.1 Surface Coatings 15.3.1.1 Solvent-Based Coatings 15.3.1.2 Water-Based Coatings 15.3.1.3 Powder Coatings 15.3.1.4 Treatments of Textile, Leather, and Other Substrates 15.3.1.5 Medical and Dental Applications 15.3.1.6 Cladding of Optical Fibers 15.3.1.7 Elastomers 15.3.1.8 Other Applications 15.4 Applications of Fluorinated Thermoplastic Elastomers 15.5 Applications of Copolymers of CTFE and Vinyl Ether 15.6 Applications of Perfluorinated Ionomers References PART VI EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND OTHER VARIABLES ON FLUOROPOLYMERS 16 Effect of Temperature on Fluoropolymers 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Thermal Stability of PTFE 16.3 Thermal Stability of Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene 16.3.1 Thermal Stability of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP) 16.3.2 Thermal stability of PFA 16.3.3 Thermal Stability of ETFE 16.3.4Thermal Stability of ECTFE 16.3.5 Thermal Stability of PCTFE 16.3.6 Thermal Stability of PVDF 17 Effects of Environment on Fluoropolymers 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Tetrafluoroethylene 17.3 Perfluorinated Copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene 17.3.1 PFA and MFA 17.3.2 FEP 17.4 Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer 17.5 Polyvinylidene Fluoride 17.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene 17.7 Ethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer 17.8 Polyvinyl Fluoride References 18 Effects of Radiation on Fluoropolymers 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Fluoropolymers 18.2.1 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Perfluoroplastics 18.2.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Other Fluoroplastics 18.3 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Fluorocarbon Elastomers 18.3.1 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on FKM Type of Fluorocarbon Elastomers 18.3.2 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Perfluoroelastomers 18.3.3 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on TFE/P Elastomers 18.4 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Fluorosilicone Elastomers 18.5 Effects of UV Radiation on Fluoropolymers References PART VII SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY 19 Safety Aspects of Fluoropolymers 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Fluoropolymers, the Essential Plastics 19.3 Polymerization Aids 19.3.1 Replacement of Polymerization Aids 19.4 Tetrafluoroethylene 19.5 Toxicology of Fluoropolymers 19.6 Emissions during Processing 19.7 Polymer Fume Fever (PFF) 19.8 Fluoropolymer Dispersions 19.9 Hygiene and Personal Protective Equipment References 20 Disposal and Recycling 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Fluorine Ore-Fluorspar 20.3 Melt Processible Fluoropolymers 20.4 Polytetrafluoroethylene 20.5 PTFE Scrap Sources for Recycling 20.6 Routes to Reuse of Polytetrafluoroethylene 20.6.1 Virgin PTFE 20.6.2 Physical Processing - Recycling 20.6.3 Physical Processing - Reprocessing 20.7 Disposal of Fluoropolymers 20.8 Chemical Recycling ("Upcycling") References

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Book SynopsisA well-rounded and articulate examination of polymer properties at the molecular level, this book focuses on fundamental principles based on underlying chemical structures, polymer synthesis, characterization, and properties.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Chain Molecules. Step-Growth Polymerization. Chain-Growth Polymerization. Controlled Polymerization. Copolymers, Microstructure, and Stereoregularity. Polymer Conformations. Thermodynamics of Polymer Mixtures. Light Scattering by Polymer Solutions. Dynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions. Networks, Gels, and Rubber Elasticity. Linear Viscoelasticity. Glass Transition. Crystalline Polymers. Apendix.

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Book SynopsisCellulose and its derivatives -- cellulose acetate -- are renewed polymers, that, together with the whole complex of valuable and indispensable properties, defines continuous growth of their production. Acetate fibres differ from cellulose fibres in light and thermooxidative stability, as the presence of ester groups decreases stability of molecular structure, owing to which destructive processes begin at much lower temperatures and weak energy effects. Since macromolecules of cellulose acetate are constructed on the basis of cellulose then mechanism of photodestruction of these polymers may be considered as general. The most important energetic factor, which photodestruction of cellulose and its derivatives depend on, is intensity of irradiation and wave length. Destruction of cellulose and its derivatives under atmospheric conditions, proceeding as a result of photochemical reaction, on the whole takes place under the action of ultraviolet rays with ?=200-360 nm. Since cellulose contains three types of chromophore groups -- hydroxyl, acetate and semiacetate and also aldehyde -- then it is considered that light absorption in the region of 250-300 nm is caused just by them. At the same time some authors, bringing the possibility of light absorption by acetal chromophore in question, have put forward the supposition that photochemically active centres in cellulose materials, containing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, may be molecular complexes between these groups, connected by the system of hydrogen bounds with definite energy of interaction. Disproportion of intermolecular bonds, providing fixation of excited state in cellulose matrix takes place in such complexes at their excitation. Thus, there are many different hypotheses, often contradicting each other, about the effect of chromophore groups on light absorption by cellulose. There are many data about the nature of free-radical particles, being formed at irradiation of cellulose by ultraviolet light. Since, being formed products of phototransformation are highly mobile and easily undergo further transformations, method of electron-paramagnetic resonance (ESP) is one of the most effective for these particles identification. Critical analysis of a great number of works on EPR spectra interpretation is quite fully given in surveys. More than 20 different radicals are being formed at ultraviolet irradiation as a result of break of practically all bonds C-C; C-H; C-O. Main types of macroradicals, with indication of atom and groups of atoms after removal of which these macroradicals are formed, are presented in scheme 1. of this book.

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Book SynopsisThis book presents and discusses research in the study of polymers. Topics discussed include extrusion heads used in manufacturing polymeric castings; effects of polypropylene fibres on expansion properties of cement-based composite containing waste glass; biodegradation of film polymer coating; new polymer technologies with water and physical-chemical properties of natural polymers.

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Book SynopsisThis new work, Functional Polymeric Composites: Macro to Nanoscales, focuses on new challenges, findings, opportunities, and applications in the area of polymer composites. The chapters, written prominent researchers from academia, industry, and research institutes from around the world, present contemporary research and developments on advanced polymeric materials, including polymer blends, polymer electrolytes, bio-based polymer, polymer nanocomposites, etc. Several chapters also cover the applications of the polymeric systems in current industry development and synthesis and characterization of the products.Trade Review"Functional polymeric composites occupy a privileged spot due to their important impact on a wide range of the new technologies that are currently used in our daily life, in different relevant fields, ranging from optical, biomedical, cosmetics to packaging, automotive, and construction. The chapters of this book address some of the recent research topics related to advanced polymers and composites. I warmly congratulate the editors for bringing together the different contributors to produce this original book, which will serve those who wish to learn more about these promising new functional polymeric composites." —Dominique Durand, CNRS Research Director Emeritus, Department of Polymers, Colloids, Interfaces, Le Mans University, FranceTable of ContentsA Review on Mechanical Properties of Semicrystalline/Amorphous Polymer Blends. Preparation of Polysaccharide-Based Composite Materials Using Ionic Liquids. Microcrystalline Cellulose: An Overview. Bio-Based Phenol Formaldehyde from Lignocellulosic Biomass. Impedance Spectroscopy: A Practical Guide to Evaluate Parameters of Nyquist Plot for Solid Polymer Electrolyte Applications. Polymerization of Natural Oils for Quartz Crystal Microbalance Based Gas Sensor Application. Emergence of New Nanomaterial: Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites. Qualitative Fourier – Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Polyether-Based Polymer Electrolytes.

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Book SynopsisSemiconducting polymers are of great interest for applications in electroluminescent devices, solar cells, batteries and diodes. In recent years vast advances have been made in the area of controlled synthesis of semiconducting polymers, specifically polythiophenes. The book is separated into two main sections, the first will introduce the advances made in polymer synthesis, and the second will focus on the microstructure and property analysis that has been enabled because of the recent advances in synthetic strategies. Edited by one of the leaders in the area of polythiophene synthesis, this new book will bring the field up to date with more recent models for understanding semiconducting polymers. The book will be applicable to materials and polymers chemists in industry and academia from postgraduate level upwards.Table of ContentsControlled Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers in Catalyst-Transfer Condensation Polymerization: Monomers and Catalysts; Controlled Chain-Growth Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers: Moving Beyond Thiophene; Application of Catalyst Transfer Polymerizations: From Conjugated Copolymers to Polymer Brushes; Controlled Synthesis of Chain End Functional, Block and Branched Polymers Containing Polythiophene Segments; Characterization of Polymer Semiconductors by Neutron Scattering Techniques; Structural Control in Polymeric Semiconductors: Application to the Manipulation of Light-Emitting Properties; Structure and Order in Organic Semiconductors

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on the coupling of plastics and biocides, with particular concentration on natural biocides and the nanofabrication of biocides, and of their final properties and activity.Table of ContentsPREFACE vii CONTRIBUTORS ix 1 ANTIMICROBIAL PACKAGING POLYMERS. A GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Jose´ M. Lagaron, Maria J. Ocio, and Amparo Lopez-Rubio 2 BACTERIAL RESISTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF BIOCIDE PLASTICS 23 Nibras A.A.M. Ahmed 3 “CLICK CHEMISTRY” TO DERIVED ANTIMICROBIAL POLYMERS 51 P. Lecomte, R. Riva, and C. Jerome 4 CHITOSAN AND CHITOSAN BLENDS AS ANTIMICROBIALS 71 Patricia Fernandez-Saiz 5 THYMOL IN NANOCOMPOSITES. A CASE STUDY 101 Maria Dolores Sanchez-Garcia 6 BACTERIOCINS IN PLASTICS 117 Gianluigi Mauriello and Francesco Villani 7 ANTIMICROBIAL ENZYMES AND NATURAL EXTRACTS IN PLASTICS 159 Marcella Mastromatteo, Marianna Mastromatteo, Amalia Conte, and Matteo Alessandro Del Nobile 8 ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES 195 Jose F. Marcos and Paloma Manzanares 9 RECOMBINANT ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES 227 J. Carlos Rodriguez-Cabello, Carmen Garcia-Arevalo, Alessandra Girotti, Laura Martin, and Mercedes Santos 10 NOVEL ANTIMICROBIALS OBTAINED BY ELECTROSPINNING METHODS 261 Sergio Torres-Giner 11 SILVER- AND NANOSILVER-BASED PLASTIC TECHNOLOGIES 287 Antonio Martinez-Abad 12 ANTIMICROBIAL PLASTICS BASED ON METAL-CONTAINING NANOLAYERED CLAYS 317 Jose´ M. Lagaron and Maria A. Busolo 13 NANOMETALS AS ANTIMICROBIALS 327 R.P. Allaker, M.A. Vargas-Reus, and G.G. Ren 14 TITANIUM DIOXIDE-BASED PLASTIC TECHNOLOGIES 351 Marta Fernandez-Garcia, Maria L. Cerrada, Anna Kubacka, and Marcos Fernandez-Garcia 15 TISSUE-IMPLANT ANTIMICROBIAL INTERFACES 379 E. Marsich, A. Travan, I. Donati, G. Turco, F. Bellomo, and S. Paoletti 16 CHARACTERIZING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CELL MEMBRANES AND ANTIMICROBIALS VIA SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 429 Christopher W. Avery and Zhan Chen 17 GAS-BASED ANTIMICROBIALS IN ACTIVE PACKAGING 459 Siriyupa Netramai, Maria Rubino, and Loong-Tak Lim 18 CURRENT LEGISLATION IN ANTIMICROBIALS 489 Javier Gomez 19 HUMAN SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF BIOCIDES 527 Orla Condell, Carol Iversen, Karen Power, and Seamus Fanning INDEX 561

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Book SynopsisThis text covers coordination polymerisation, including important classes of non-hydrocarbon monomers. It charts the achievements and progress in the field, in terms of both basic and industrial research.Trade Review"..almost certainly the most comprehensive book to be produced covering this area...it will be no surprise if the book becomes a benchmark for some years to come." (Reactive & Functional Polymers)Table of ContentsTribute to Witold Kuran. Preface. List of Symbols and Abbreviations. Introduction. General Features of Coordination Polymerisation. Coordination Polymerisation of Olefins. Coordination Polymerisation of Vinylaromatic Monomers. Coordination Polymerisation of Conjugated Dienes. Coordination Polymerisation of Cycloolefins. Coordination Polymerisation of Alkynes. Coordination Polycondensation. Coordination Polymerisation of Non-hydrocarbon (Heterocyclic and Heterounsaturated) Monomers. Index.

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive introduction to the art and science used by the biochemist and process engineer in the design and optimization of large-scale protein-purification processes. Covers the basics of proteins'' properties, the unit operations involved in protein purification as well as important related issues of process design, integration with upstream operations, cost and timing to market. Includes an abundance of figures and tables.Table of ContentsProcess Design and Competitive Advantage. Strategies for Process Design. Protein Characteristics. Analytical Methods. Impact of Upstream Operations. Cell Disruption. Centrifugation. Precipitation and Extraction. Filtration. General Chromatography. Ion Exchange Chromatography. Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography and Reversed PhaseChromatography. Affinity Chromatography. Gel Filtration Chromatography. Large-Scale Examples. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis practical reference explores computer modeling of enzyme reactions - techniques that help chemists, biochemists and pharmaceutical researchers understand drug and enzyme action.Trade Review". . . strongly recommended to scientists and students who want to advance beyond the menu screen and graphic user interface of their computer.".--Journal of Medicinal ChemistryTable of ContentsBasic Principles of Chemical Bonding. Chemical Reactions in the Gas Phase and in Simple SolventModels. Chemical Reaction in All-Atom Solvent Models. Potential Surfaces and Simulations of Macromolecules. Modeling Reactions in Enzymes: An Introduction. General Acid Catalysis and Electrostatic Stabilization in theCatalytic Reaction of Lysozyme. Serine Proteases and the Examination of Different MechanisticOptions. Simulating Metalloenzymes. How Do Enzymes Really Work? Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is about how a knowledge and understanding of biological products and processes can lead to new insights in the synthesis, design and processing of inorganic-based materials. This approach is called 'biomimetics'. The book attempts to survey the new frontiers of biomimetic materials chemistry.Table of ContentsFrom the Contents: Biomineralization and Biomimetic Chemistry/ Biomimetic Strategies and Materials Processing/ Biogenic Cadmium Sulfide Semiconductors/ Biomimetic Synthesis of Nanoscale Particles in Organized Protein Cages/ Biomimetic Approaches to Nanoscale Fabrication/ Template-directed Nucleation and Growth of Inorganic Materials/ Construction of Organized Particulate Films by the Langmuir-Blodgett Technique/ Organization of Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Electrical Spectroscopies/ Polyamino Acids as Antiscalants, Dispersants, Antifreezes and Absorbent Gelling Materials/ Bacterial Fibers and their Mineralized Products: Bionites/ Biomimetic Inorganic-organic Composites/ Organoceramic Nanocomposites/ Ceramics Processing with Biogenic Additives.

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Book SynopsisP>Of related interest . . . THE COLLOIDAL DOMAIN Second Edition Where Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Technology Meet D. Fennell Evans and Håkan Wennerström Fully updated and revised, this new edition of the critically acclaimed book incorporates information on key developments in colloid science and technology in the twentieth century. It provides a unified treatment of colloid theory, methods, and applications to specific systems, complete with concept maps, new worked examples, and more than 250 illustrations. 1999 (0-471-24247-0) 672 pp. FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING Robert J. Stokes and D. Fennell Evans This book emphasizes the importance of the intermolecular forces that hold materials together within a bulk phase or across an interface. It examines the fundamentals of the intermolecular interactions along with the properties, processing, and behavior of fluid interfacial systems. Solid surfaces and interfaTrade Review"...the whole volume is very satisfying to read." (Talanta, Vol 52, 2000) "...can certainly be recommended to anyone about to become involved in the area of colloid-polymer interactions." (Angewandte Chemie, 4th August 2000)Table of ContentsAPPLIED TECHNOLOGIES. Polyelectrolyte-Assisted Dewatering (R. Farinato, et al.). Polymer-Colloid Interactions in Pulp and Paper Manufacture (R. Pelton). Dual-Addition Schemes (G. Petzold). Role of Polymers in Particle Adhesion and Thin Particle Layers (M. Böhmer, et al.). FUNDAMENTALS OF COLLOID-POLYMER INTERACTION. Diffusion- Controlled Phenomena in Adsorbed Polymer Dynamics (M. Santore). Depletion-Induced Aggregation and Colloidal Phase Separation (A. Milling & B. Vincent). Polyelectrolyte Adsorption: Theory and Simulation (M. Muthukumar). Small-Angle Neutron Methods in Polymer Adsorption Studies (T. Cosgrove, et al.). METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING POLYMER ADSORPTION. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Surface Polymers (F. Blum). Radiochemical Methods for Polymer Adsorption (J. Schlenoff). Measurement of Colloidal Interactions Using the Atomic Force Microscope (P. Hartley). Surface Forces Apparatus: Studies of Polymers, Polyelectrolytes, and Polyelectrolyte-Surfactant Mixtures at Interfaces (P. Claesson). Scanning Angle Reflectometry and Its Application to Polymer Adsorption and Coadsorption with Surfactants (R. Tilton). Total Internal Reflectance Fluorescence (M. Santore). Design and Applications of Oscillating Optical Tweezers for Direct Measurements of Colloidal Forces (H. Ou-Yang). Index.

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Book SynopsisCovers enzyme kinetics from its most elementary aspects to such modern subjects as steady-state, multi-reactant kinetics and isotope exchange. Offers an understanding of the behavior of enzyme systems and the diagnostic tools used to characterize them and determine kinetic mechanisms. Illustrates and explains current subjects such as cumulative, concerted and cooperative feedback inhibition and metal ion activation.Table of ContentsKinetics of Unireactant Enzymes. Simple Inhibition Systems. Rapid Equilibrium Partial and Mixed-Type Inhibition. Enzyme Activation. Rapid Equilibrium Bireactant and Terreactant Systems. Multisite and Allosteric Enzymes. Multiple Inhibition Analysis. Steady-State Kinetics of Multireactant Enzymes. Isotope Exchange. Effects of pH and Temperature. Appendix. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe long-awaited Third Edition of the classic in polymer synthesis Thirty years ago, the Second Edition of Preparative Methods of Polymer Chemistry further established its reputation as the laboratory bible for polymer synthesis. The last three decades have witnessed a deeper understanding of the principles involved in preparing and processing polymers, leading to tremendous advances in polymer synthesis. Guiding practicing scientists through the methods of synthesizing polymers, the Third Edition retains theory and vital protocols, while revising and updating the sections on synthesis, fabrication techniques, and characterization methods. Delving into the physical and chemical aspects of polymer processing, each chapter includes a discussion of the relevant background and principles, enabling the scientist to apply synthetic techniques intelligently. The Third Edition also contains sections on current topics such as: * Extended-chain polymer technology * High-temperatuTrade Review"...an excellent reference for the polymer scientist..." (IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 18, No. 2, March/April 2002)Table of ContentsPolymerization and the Characterization of Polymers. Preparation, Fabrication, and Characterization of Polymers. Advanced Processing. Polyamides, Ureas, Urethanes, and Other Amide-Linked Polymers. Polyesters, Polycarbonates, and Polyurethanes. High Temperature and High Performance Polymers. Solid Phase Polymerization. Ring-Opening Polymerization. Addition Polymerization. Elastomers for Fabrics. Synthetic Resins and Composites. Non-Classical Routes to Polymers.

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Book SynopsisPolymer Surfaces and Interfaces II W. J. Feast, University of Durham, Durham, UK H. S. Munro, Courtaulds Research, Coventry, UK R. W. Richards, University of Durham, Durham, UK This volume presents a collection of review papers, based on the ''Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces II International Symposium'' which took place in Durham (UK), July 1991 Compiled here, the papers present an authoritative overview of current technology and research on polymer surfaces, by acknowledged experts in their specialist fields. Individual reviews cover analytical techniques, properties, reactions, modelling and synthesis of surfaces and interfaces. Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces II will be of interest to polymer scientists, surface scientists, chemists, physicists and biologists, working in industrial and academic laboratories. Reviews of the previous volume ''Altogether a most useful addition to polymer science'' -- Physics Bulletin ''The book can be unreservedly recommended to chemists and materials Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Surface Chemistry of Chemically Resistant Polymers (T. Bee, etal.). Self-Assembled Molecular Films as Polymer Surface Models (D.Allara, et al.). Non-Equilibrium Effects in Polymeric Stabilization (M. Cates &J. Brooks). Ion Beam Analysis of Composition Profiles Near Polymer Surfaces andInterfaces (R. Jones). Laser Light Scattering (J. Earnshaw). Characterization of Interfaces in Polymers and Composites UsingRaman Spectroscopy (R. Young). SSIMS--An Emerging Technique for the Surface Chemical Analysis ofPolymeric Biomaterials (M. Davies). Scanning Probe Microscopy--Current Issues in the Analysis ofPolymeric Biomaterials (M. Davies, et al.). Acid-Base Effects at Polymer Interfaces (C. van Oss). References. Index.

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Book SynopsisOver the last three decades many fundamental problems relating to the chemical reactions of polymers have arisen. In this book three distinguished authors present for the first time a comprehensive, theoretical and experimental analysis of macromolecular reactions, summarising advances in the field. Designed as a guide for academics and for polymer chemists and physicists in industry, this will also be an invaluable textbook for post-graduates and students as it details the peculiarities of macromolecular reactions, the quantitative investigation of reaction kinetics, product structure and processes of chemical modification. The authors are all widely regarded as worldwide experts in this field.Table of ContentsProperties of the Products of Macromolecular Reactions as Functionsof the Units Distribution and Compositional Heterogeneity. Peculiarities of Macromolecular Reactions. Neighboring Groups Effect: Theoretical Approaches. Neighboring Groups Effect: Experimental Approaches. Configurational and Conformational Effects: QuantitativeApproaches. Interchain Effects. Intermacromolecular Reactions. Experimental Characterization of Units Distribution andCompositional Heterogeneity in the Products of Macro-MolecularReactions. Conclusions. Index.

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Book SynopsisMonosaccharides Their Chemistry and Their Roles in Natural Products Peter Collins University of London, UK Robin Ferrier Victoria University of Wellington, NZ An in-depth text for students starting their study of carbohydrate chemistry, Monosaccharides relates the vast field of carbohydrate chemistry to both synthetic organic chemistry and biological processes. The structures and reactions of monosaccharides are examined in detail and their applications in synthesis and as biologically active compounds are discussed and explained at length. This textbook, written by two well-known experienced teachers and researchers in carbohydrate chemistry, provides: * up-to-date coverage of this rapidly expanding and developing field * classification of monosaccharide reactions according to reaction site * treatment of monosaccharides as organic compounds with rationalized chemistry * more than 1000 references to the primary literature * a discussion of monosaccharides as componTable of ContentsPreliminary Matters--Structures, Shapes and Sources. Reactions and Products of Reactions at the Anomeric Centre. Reactions and Products of Reactions at Non-Anomeric Carbon Atoms. Reactions and Products of Reactions of the Hydroxyl Groups. The Chemical Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Non-Carbohydrate Compounds by Use of Monosaccharides. Natural Products Related to and Containing Monosaccharides. Appendices. Indexes.

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Book SynopsisThe manner in which polymers are linked, under certain conditions, forms the main focus of this work. Spectroscopy has, over the years, proved itself to be the technique in providing information at molecular levels for many polymer systems.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: NMR Characterisation of Macromolecules in Solution (A. Fawcett, etal.). Conformation: The Connection Between the NMR Spectra and theMicrostructure of Polymers (A. Tonelli). NMR Studies of Solid Polymers (R. Harris). Multidimensional Solid-State NMR of Polymers (H. Spiess). NMR Imaging of Polymers (J. Koenig). Deformation Studies of Polymers Using Raman Spectroscopy (R.Young). Light Scattering from Polymer Systems (R. Richards). Neutron Scattering from Polymers (A. Rennie). Optical Activity and the Structure of Macromolecules (F.Ciardelli, et al.). Polymer Luminescence and Photophysics (D. Phillips M. Carey). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis text is primarily concerned with the determination of the size of polymer molecules in solution, their sequence structure and also molecular weight characteristics. It should be of interest to research polymer chemists and all concerned with the study and use of macromolecular materials.Trade Review"[This book] provides a unique insight into the array of methods currently available, including the very latest techniques only published to date in journals. ... This interdisciplinary book provides a clearly written, well-structured, essential reference for those who need to stay at the cutting edge of this field. It is highly recommended not only for polymer chemists, engineers and technologists, but also for biologists and scientists in numerous allied disciplines."- John F. Kennedy and Michael Thorley, BioseparationTable of ContentsTemperature Rising Elution Fractionation (C. Fonseca I. Harrison). Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation (J. Soares A. Hamielec). Field Flow Fractionation (J. Jana). Static and Dynamic Light Scattering (G. Berry P. Cotts). Neutron Reflection Studies of Polymers (D. Bucknall). Neutron Scattering Studies of Polymer Dynamics (V. Arrighi). Small-angle Neutron Scattering (S. King). Recent Advances in Mass Spectrometry of Polymers (E. Scamporrino D. Vitalini). Vapour Pressure Osmometry/Membrane Osmometry/Viscometry (B. Hunt) Gel Electrophoresis of Biological Macromolecules (C. Viney L. Gilliland). Ultracentrifugation and Sedimentation (W. Borchard E. Selic). Terminology for Polymer Chemistry (A. Jenkins). Colligative Properties (H. Suzuki K. Kamide). Index.

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Book SynopsisThis textbook combines the theoretical background and the practical methods of supramolecular chemistry. Particular emphasis is given to the methods which play an increasingly important role in the design of characterization and applications of supramolecular complexes.Trade Review"...Any research group in this field will find this book an excellent resource...it would be an excellent 'starter pack' for graduate students about to embark on an adventure in supramolecular chemistry". (Chemistry in Britain, May 2000) "this book...deserves to find a large audience. Both experienced and future researchers will benefit from reading it and keeping it close at hand." (Angewandte Chemie, 18th September 2000) "It is a comprehensive overview of non-covalent interactions and a guide to characterising molecular complexes by physical methods." (Jnl of Inclusion Phenomena Macrocyclic Chemistry, No.40 2001)Table of ContentsBasic Concepts of Host-Guest Complexation with Examples from Ionophore Chemistry. Non-Covalent Interactions and Organic Host-Guest Complexes. Medium Effects. Energetics of Supramolecular Complexes: Experimental Methods. Structural Methods. Dynamics of Supramolecular Systems. Surfactant-Based Supramolecular Systems and Dendrimers. Shape Recognition and Solid State Inclusion Complexes. Selected Applications. Appendices. Index.

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Book SynopsisSummarizing significant contemporary information on chemical, nutritional, biological and medicinal aspects of naturally occurring glycosides, this book presents a sequence of chapters that deal with chemical structures, occurrence, biosynthetic and biological activity.Trade Review"...this book deals comprehensively with a current topic in one handy volume." (La Doc Sti, Vol. 371, March 1999)Table of Contents1. Terpenyl glycosides 2. Limonoid Glucosides 3. Steroidal glyco-alkaloids 4. Phenolic glycosides 5. Terpenoid glycoside sweeteners 6. Aminoglycosides (Antibiotics) 7. Cyanogenic Glycosides 8. Saponins (found in plants) 9. Glycosidic bound volatiles 10. Cardiac glycosides 11. Steroidal glycosides 12. Glycoproteins 13. Glycolipids 14. Glucosimnolates 15. Glycosylation and Glycosidases

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Book SynopsisWhile polymer technology forms one of the largest areas of application of microwave technology, and the methods and procedures used therein are among the most developed, there is still a relative lack of published information on the subject. Microwave-Enhanced Polymer Chemistry and Technology describes novel approaches to polymer processing using microwave technologies. Coverage includes background and scientific data, analysis of processes and product properties in comparison with existing technology, applications that are being used in various approaches, and the status of current research. Features of microwave irradiation, i.e., solvent-free reactions, low waste, energy efficiency, high yield, short reaction time, and possible use of alternative solvents, can play an important role in the development of green chemistry methods.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Fundamentals of Microwaves . Overview of Polymerization Processes Under Microwave Conditions in Comparison with Conventional Conditions . Thermoplastic Polymers . Thermosetting Resins . Polymer Composites and Blends . Renewable Resources for the Preparation of Polymeric Materials and Polymer Modification . Recycling of Plastics . Commercialization and Scaling-Up . Index

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Book SynopsisChemistry and Technology of Emulsion Polymerisation 2e provides a practical and intuitive explanation of emulsion polymerization, in combination with both conventional and controlled radical polymerization. For those working in industry, coupling theory with everyday practice can be difficult.Table of ContentsList of Contributors xi Abbreviations xiii List of Frequently Used Symbols xvii Introduction to the Second Edition xix Introduction to the First Edition xxi 1 Historic Overview 1 Finn Knut Hansen 1.1 The Early Stages 1 1.2 The Second Half of the Twentieth Century 9 1.2.1 Product Development 9 1.2.2 Kinetic Theory 11 1.2.3 Emulsion Polymerisation in Monomer Droplets 19 1.2.4 Industrial Process Control and Simulation 21 2 Introduction to Radical (Co)Polymerisation 23 A.M. van Herk 2.1 Mechanism of Free Radical Polymerisation 23 2.2 Rate of Polymerisation and Development of Molecular Mass Distribution 25 2.2.1 Rate of Polymerisation 25 2.2.2 Kinetic Chain Length 26 2.2.3 Chain Length Distribution 27 2.2.4 Temperature and Conversion Effects 30 2.3 Radical Transfer Reactions 31 2.3.1 Radical Transfer Reactions to Low Molecular Mass Species 31 2.3.2 Radical Transfer Reactions to Polymer 32 2.4 Radical Copolymerisation 34 2.4.1 Derivation of the Copolymerisation Equation 34 2.4.2 Types of Copolymers 37 2.4.3 Polymerisation Rates in Copolymerisations 39 2.5 Controlled Radical Polymerisation 41 3 Emulsion Polymerisation 43 A.M. van Herk and R.G. Gilbert 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 General Aspects of Emulsion Polymerisation 44 3.3 Basic Principles of Emulsion Polymerisation 46 3.4 Particle Nucleation 47 3.5 Particle Growth 51 3.5.1 The Zero-One and Pseudo-Bulk Dichotomy 52 3.5.2 Zero-One Kinetics 53 3.5.3 Pseudo-Bulk Kinetics 55 3.5.4 Systems between Zero-One and Pseudo-Bulk 57 3.6 Ingredients in Recipes 57 3.6.1 Monomers 58 3.6.2 Initiators 58 3.6.3 Surfactants 58 3.6.4 Other Ingredients 59 3.7 Emulsion Copolymerisation 59 3.7.1 Monomer Partitioning in Emulsion Polymerisation 59 3.7.2 Composition Drift in Emulsion Co- and Terpolymerisation 63 3.7.3 Process Strategies in Emulsion Copolymerisation 64 3.8 Particle Morphologies 66 3.8.1 Core–Shell Morphologies 68 4 Emulsion Copolymerisation, Process Strategies 75 Jose Ramon Leiza and Jan Meuldijk 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Monomer Partitioning 79 4.2.1 Slightly and Partially Water Miscible Monomers 79 4.2.2 Consequences of Monomer Partitioning for the Copolymer Composition 84 4.3 Process Strategies 86 4.3.1 Batch Operation 86 4.3.2 Semi-Batch Operation 89 4.3.3 Control Opportunities 92 5 Living Radical Polymerisation in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 105 Bernadette Charleux, Michael J. Monteiro, and Hans Heuts 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 Living Radical Polymerisation 106 5.2.1 General/Features of a Controlled/Living Radical Polymerisation 106 5.2.2 Reversible Termination 108 5.2.3 Reversible Chain Transfer 116 5.3 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerisation in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 119 5.3.1 Introduction 119 5.3.2 Control of Molar Mass and Molar Mass Distribution 120 5.3.3 Synthesis of Block and Random or Gradient Copolymers via (Mini)Emulsion Polymerisation 125 5.3.4 Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerisation Using the Polymerisation-Induced Self-Assembly Technique 126 5.4 ATRP in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 126 5.4.1 Introduction 126 5.4.2 Direct ATRP 127 5.4.3 Reverse ATRP 130 5.4.4 Next Generation ATRP Techniques: SRNI and AGET 132 5.4.5 Some Concluding Remarks on ATRP in Emulsion 135 5.5 Reversible Chain Transfer in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 136 5.5.1 Low Cex Reversible Chain Transfer Agents 136 5.5.2 High Cex Reversible Chain Transfer Agents 137 5.6 Conclusion 143 6 Particle Morphology 145 Yuri Reyes Mercado, Elena Akhmastkaya, Jose Ramon Leiza, and Jose M. Asua 6.1 Introduction 145 6.2 Synthesis of Structured Polymer Particles 146 6.2.1 Emulsion Polymerisation 146 6.2.2 Miniemulsion Polymerisation 147 6.2.3 Physical Methods 148 6.3 Two-Phase Polymer–Polymer Structured Particles 148 6.3.1 Effect of Grafting 152 6.4 Two-Phase Polymer–Inorganic Particles 153 6.5 Multiphase Systems 156 6.6 Effect of Particle Morphology on Film Morphology 162 6.6.1 Modelling Film Morphology 165 Acknowledgements 165 7 Colloidal Aspects of Emulsion Polymerisation 167 Brian Vincent 7.1 Introduction 167 7.2 The Stabilisation of Colloidal Particles against Aggregation 168 7.3 Pair-Potentials in Colloidal Dispersions 170 7.3.1 Core–Core Interactions 170 7.3.2 Structural Interactions: (i) Those Associated with the Solvent 171 7.3.3 Structural Interactions: (ii) Electrical Double Layer Overlap 173 7.3.4 Structural Interactions: (iii) Adsorbed Polymer Layer Overlap 175 7.4 Weak Flocculation and Phase Separation in Particulate Dispersions 179 7.5 Aggregate Structure and Strength 184 8 Analysis of Polymer Molecules including Reaction Monitoring and Control 187 Peter Schoenmakers 8.1 Sampling and Sample Handling 188 8.1.1 Sampling 188 8.1.2 Sample Preparation 188 8.2 Monomer Conversion 189 8.3 Molar Mass 190 8.3.1 Molar-Mass Distributions 191 8.4 Chemical Composition 197 8.4.1 Average Chemical Composition 197 8.4.2 Molar-Mass Dependent Chemical Composition 199 8.4.3 Chemical-Composition Distributions 202 8.4.4 Two-Dimensional Distributions 207 8.5 Detailed Molecular Characterization 210 8.5.1 Chain Regularity 210 8.5.2 Branching 212 9 Particle Analysis 213 Ola Karlsson and Brigitte E.H. Schade 9.1 Introduction 213 9.2 Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution 214 9.2.1 Introduction 214 9.2.2 Average Particle Diameter 216 9.2.3 Particle Size Distribution 216 9.3 Sampling 216 9.4 Particle Size Measurement Methods 217 9.4.1 Ensemble Techniques 218 9.4.2 Particle Separation Methods 224 9.5 Comparison of Methods 233 9.5.1 Choice of a Method 235 9.6 Particle Shape, Structure and Surface Characterisation 236 9.6.1 Introduction to Particle Shape, Structure and Surface Characterisation 236 9.6.2 Classification of the Samples 238 9.6.3 General Considerations – Sample Preparation If the Latex is Film Forming 238 9.7 Discussion of the Available Techniques 239 9.7.1 Optical Microscopy (OM) 239 9.7.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 240 9.7.3 Electron Microscopy 243 9.7.4 Indirect Analysis of Particle Morphology 248 9.7.5 Surface Characterisation 249 9.7.6 Cleaning of Latexes 250 9.7.7 Analyses of Particle Charge 250 9.7.8 Additional Techniques Used for Latex Particle Surface Characterisation 250 9.7.9 Zeta Potential 251 10 Large Volume Applications of Latex Polymers 253 Dieter Urban, Bernhard Schuler, and J¨urgen Schmidt-Th¨ummes 10.1 Market and Manufacturing Process 253 10.1.1 History and Market Today 253 10.1.2 Manufacturing Process 254 10.2 Paper and Paperboard 254 10.2.1 The Paper Manufacturing Process 254 10.2.2 Surface Sizing 255 10.2.3 Paper Coating 256 10.3 Paints and Coatings 262 10.3.1 Technology Trends 263 10.3.2 Raw Materials for Water-Borne Coating Formulations 264 10.3.3 Decorative Coatings 269 10.3.4 Protective and Industrial Coatings 271 10.4 Adhesives 271 10.4.1 Design of Emulsion Polymer Adhesives 272 10.4.2 Formulation Additives 276 10.4.3 Adhesive Applications 277 10.4.4 Adhesive Test Methods 279 10.5 Carpet Backing 280 10.5.1 Carpet Backing Binders 281 10.5.2 Carpet Backing Compounds 281 10.5.3 Application Requirements 282 Acknowledgements 282 11 Specialty Applications of Latex Polymers 283 Christian Pichot, Thierry Delair, and Haruma Kawaguchi 11.1 Introduction 283 11.2 Specific Requirements for the Design of Specialty Latex Particles 284 11.2.1 Nature of the Polymer 284 11.2.2 Particle Size and Size Distribution 285 11.2.3 Particle Morphology 285 11.2.4 Nature of the Interface 286 11.2.5 Surface Potential 287 11.2.6 Colloidal Stability 287 11.2.7 Functionality 287 11.3 Preparation Methods of Latex Particles for Specialty Applications 288 11.3.1 Radical-Initiated Polymerisation in Heterogeneous Media 288 11.3.2 Modification of Particles and Related Methods 290 11.3.3 Formulation of Colloidal Dispersions from Pre-Formed Polymers 293 11.4 Applications 294 11.4.1 Non-Biomedical Applications 294 11.4.2 Biological, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications 299 11.5 Conclusions 304 References 307 Index 337

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Book SynopsisUndoubtedly the applications of polymers are rapidly evolving. Technology is continually changing and quickly advancing as polymers are needed to solve a variety of day-to-day challenges leading to improvements in quality of life. The Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications presents state-of-the-art research and development on the applications of polymers. This groundbreaking work provides important overviews to help stimulate further advancements in all areas of polymers.This comprehensive multi-volume reference includes articles contributed from a diverse and global team of renowned researchers. It offers a broad-based perspective on a multitude of topics in a variety of applications, as well as detailed research information, figures, tables, illustrations, and references. The encyclopedia provides introductions, classifications, properties, selection, types, technologies, shelf-life, recycling, testing and applications for each of the entries where applicable.

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Book SynopsisSmart materials are of significant interest and this is the first textbook to provide a comprehensive graduate level view of topics that relate to this field. Fundamentals of Smart Materials consists of a workbook and solutions manual covering the basics of different functional material systems aimed at advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students. Topics include piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, mechanochromic materials, thermochromic materials, chemomechanical polymers and self-healing materials. Each chapter provides an introduction to the material, its applications and uses with example problems, fabrication and manufacturing techniques, conclusions, homework problems and a bibliography. Edited by a leading researcher in smart materials, the textbook can be adopted by teachers in materials science and engineering, chemistry, physics and chemical engineering.Table of ContentsGeneral Introduction to Smart Materials; Review of Piezoelectric Materials; Review of Piezoresistive Materials as Smart Sensors; Review of Electrostrictive Materials; Review of the use of Fibrous Contractile Ionic Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in Smart Materials and Artificial Muscles; Review of Magnetostrictive (MSMs) and Giant Magnetostrictive Materials (GMSs); Review of Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) Materials; Review of Magnetic Gels as Smart Materials; Review of Electrorheological Fluids (ERFs) as Smart Material; Review of Magnetorheological Fluids as Smart Materials; Review of Dielectric Elastomers (DEs) as Smart Materials; Review of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) as Smart Materials; Review of Magnetic Shape Memory Smart Materials; Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) as Smart Materials; Review of Smart Materials for Controlled Drug Release; Review of Smart Mechanochromic and Metamaterials; Review of Ionic Polymer–Metal Composites (IPMCs) as Smart Materials; Review of Smart Ionic Liquids; Review of Conductive Polymers as Smart Materials; Review of Liquid Crystal Elastomers; Hydrogels, Including Chemoresponsive Gels, as Smart Materials; Smart Nanogels for Biomedical Applications; Review on Self-healing Materials; Overview of Janus Particles as Smart Materials

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Book SynopsisHydrogels represent one of the cornerstones in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to their biocompatibility and physiologically relevant properties. These inherent characteristics mean that they can be widely exploited as bioinks in 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering applications as well as injectable gels for cell therapy and drug delivery purposes. The research in these fields is booming and this book provides the reader with a terrific introduction to the burgeoning field of injectable hydrogel design, bioprinting and tissue engineering. Edited by three leaders in the field, users of this book will learn about different classes of hydrogels, properties and synthesis strategies to produce bioinks. A section devoted to the key processing and design challenges at the hydrogel/3D bioprinting/tissue interface is also covered. The final section of the book closes with pertinent clinical applications. Tightly edited, the reader will find this book to be a coherent resource to learn from. It will appeal to those working across biomaterials science, chemical and biomedical engineering, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Table of ContentsOverview of Injectable Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting and Tissue Regeneration; Introduction to Hydrogel Synthesis and Crosslinking Methods for Developing Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting; Characterizations of Hydrogels; Naturally Occurring and Nature-derived Polymers as Injectable Hydrogels; Self-assembling Hydrogels Based on Natural Building Blocks; In Situ Forming Hydrogels; Injectable Biopolymer Hydrogels for Regenerative Medicine; Introduction to 3D Bioprinting of Injectable Hydrogels; Hydrogel Processing Techniques and Vascular Tissue Engineering; Rheological Aspects of Hydrogel Processing; Interface (Cell, Gel, Surface) and Biocompatibility in Gel Processing; Bioprinting Hydrogels and Tissue Engineering; 3D Bioprinting Hydrogel for Hard Tissue Regeneration; 3D-bioprinting for Engineering Complex Tissues and Vascularization; Hydrogels–Blood Interactions; Immuno-response and Hydrogels; Application of Natural Hydrogels for Cell Therapy: Focus on Osteoarthritis; Clinical Application and Regulation of Bioprinting Biomaterials Focusing on Hydrogels; Status for Commercialization of FDA-approved Hydrogels and Their Intellectual Properties

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Book SynopsisThis volume provides an authoritative account of the use of a wide range of spectroscopic methods in the analysis of lipids, with an emphasis on topics that are attracting special current attention. Some essential background theory is included within chapters.Trade Review"Fills [an] information gap, as it now combines all aspects of lipid structural analysis by various techniques in one single volume" - Lipid Technology NewsletterTable of ContentsIntroduction. Atomic spectroscopy for heavy metal determination in edible oils and fats. Lipid chemiluminescence. NMR in conjunction with GC-MS and UV methods: a case study in marine lipids. Pulse-NMR in the food science laboratory. Mass spectrometric techniques in the analysis of triacylglycerols. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of lipids. Infrared spectroscopy of lipids: principles and applications. Electron spin resonance studies of lipids. UV / visible light spectroscopy of lipids. X-ray diffraction of lipids. Use of colorimetry. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume has been designed to offer a balanced account of the laboratory synthesis, industrial manufacture and biosynthesis of lipids. Authors describe the synthesis of all the major lipid classes, including new and revised procedures, and there are chapters devoted to the synthesis and manufacture of vitamin E, other natural antioxidants, sugar esters and ethers, and food surfactants. This authoritative work of reference has something for all lipid scientists and technologists. It is directed at chemists and technologists working in oils and fats processing, the food industry, the oleochemicals industry and the pharmaceutical industry; at analytical chemists and quality assurance personnel; and at lipid chemists in academic research laboratories.Trade Review"An important compilation, as comprehensive as possible and therefore 'a must' for any chemist synthesising lipids" - Fett / Lipid "An essential reference text for scientists interested in the synthesis or isolation of lipids" - Food Chemistry "There is sufficient and basic up-to-date material that it will be good for handy reference for a long time" - Food Research InternationalTable of ContentsPolyene acids; The availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (appendix to chapter 1); Isotopically labelled fatty acids; Synthesis of long-chain compounds with conjugated unsaturation; Eicosanoids: oxygenated derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids containing twenty carbon atoms; Synthesis of triacylglycerols; Chemical synthesis of glycerophospholipids and their analogs; Sphingolipids; Synthesis and production of vitamin E; The production of natural antioxidants (other than vitamin E); Enzymic processes; The preparation of derivatives for lipid analysis; Alkyl and acyl sugars; Synthesis and commercial preparation of surfactants for the food industry; Novel chemistry of delta-5 fatty acids; Lipid biosynthesis; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisPolymer Surface Characterization provides a comprehensive approach to the surface analysis of polymers of technological interest by means of modern analytical techniques. Basic principles, operative conditions, applications, performance, and limiting features are supplied, together with current advances in instrumental apparatus. Each chapter is devoted to one technique and is self-consistent; the end-of-chapter references would allow the reader a quick access to more detailed information. After an introductory chapter, techniques that can interrogate the very shallow depth of a polymer surface, spanning from the top few angstroms in secondary ions mass spectrometry to 2-10 nm in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are discussed, followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chapters on characterization by scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopies, wettability and spectroscopic ellipsometry.

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Book SynopsisMechanochemistry has been recently ackwnoledged by IUPAC as one of the top ten emerging technologies in chemistry, answering to the increased demand for clean processes and sustainable reaction conditions. This book focuses on the rediscovery of mechanochemistry for inorganic, organic and organo-metallic materials. Focus on experimental techniques and equipment will show how to implement mechanochemistry as an innovative way to sustainability in academic laboratories. The contents are ideal for researchers starting off in industry and academia, as well as advanced students.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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