Books by Lowell T Duncan

Book SynopsisBariatric surgery (BS) is a set of effective surgical procedures used for weight reduction and improvement of insulin sensitivity in morbidly obese patients, in comparison with non-invasive techniques such as drug treatment or changes in lifestyle. Chapter one discusses the effects of bariatric surgery on weight and diabetes, while Chapter Two focuses on peri, postoperative and late complications. Chapter Three covers Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a disease characterised by abnormal reflux of gastric content and can be non-erosive or erosive, and the efficacy of a dietary compound containing chondroitin sulphate, aluminium hydroxide and hyaluronic acid. Chapter Four covers the role that the Transforming Growth Factor-beta family plays in the lives of metazoans, controlling key physiological processes from embryonic development to adult tissue homeostasis. In Chapter Five, the authors discuss their ongoing study on destroying food proteins that are responsible for allergy by different food processing techniques. Nickel, lead and cadmium are frequently unintentionally added to cosmetics as impurities during manufacturing. Chapter Six proposes an exhaustive focus on what metals are of interest, and what is the state of the art about analytical methodologies suitable to detect these toxic metals in cosmetics and personal care products. Chapter Seven examines the influence friend and family factors have on lifetime e-cigarette use, past year e-cigarette use, and perceptions of trying e-cigarettes soon in a national sample of Hispanic junior high and high school students.

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Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors begin by examining the correlation between stress tolerance, metabolism, and energy balance using insects as model systems and demonstrate how in recent years, we have learned mostly from physiological responses in insects that many parallels exist between invertebrate and mammalian homeostasis. Therefore, studying insects as simpler model organisms can provide useful information for elucidating the complexities of mammalian metabolism. Following this, the book presents a mixed-methods study with the goal of adding to the existing body of knowledge in the areas of HIV-related risk behaviors, HIV testing behaviors, and the various factors that act as barriers and facilitators to HIV testing among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. The authors go on to deliberate on the advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases caused by mutant mtDNA. As cells contain multiple copies of mtDNA, pathogenic mtDNA mutations frequently coexist with wild-type mtDNA, a phenomenon known as heteroplasmy. The patient attachment style is investigated as a moderator of the patient and practitioner relationship in order to potentially promote clinical interventions aimed to enhance the adherence to medical care, improving health-care outcomes and patient quality of life. Next, the patterns of dislocation and subluxation are reviewed, along with associated issues, in order to allow surgeons to provide optimal care for these patients. Hip dislocation or subluxation may occur after surgical procedure and has been reported after hip arthroscopy and other open procedures. The authors discuss Castlemans disease, a rare lymphoproliferative syndrome derived into two groups: unicentric and multicentric. Unicentric Castlemans disease is presented as an isolated mass, such as mediastitial lymph node, and is curable with surgery in most cases. Multicentric Castlemans diseaseis comprised of heterogeneous disorders with various etiologies and represents systemic inflammatory symptoms, such as fever and weight loss. The subsequent chapter discusses the evidence concerning the involvement of microbiota on the appearance and development of inflammatory bowel diseases and the eventual response to medical treatment. Despite promising links between microbial composition and disease phenotypes, to date no causative role for the microbiome has been established, and our understanding of the dynamic role of the human microbiome in inflammatory bowel diseases remains incomplete. The book also examines sudden death, an unexpected event that happens in healthy people or in stable patients. It must occur within one hour from the onset of the first symptoms, and it is precipitated by a cardiac arrest, which is irreversible due to the absence of adequate assistance. In closing, amantadine is examined in the context of treatment of Parkinson''s disease and its complications. As a tricyclic amine, it enhances the release of dopamine at the synaptic cleft and inhibits its uptake, acts directly at the D2 receptor and up-regulates it, has anti-muscarinic properties, and non-competitive antagonism of the NMDA receptor. It has been studied as both a monotherapy or adjuvant therapy for Parkinson''s disease with mixed results.

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Book SynopsisIn Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 4, the authors open by reflecting on the potential advantages and challenges of the focus group technique in health services research, based on a study conducted to better understand the perceptions and experiences related to access and utilization of healthcare services for immigrants in Portugal. Later, the authors examine Parvovirus B19 (PVB19), a widespread infection that affects 1-5% of pregnant women. The authors maintain that as PVB19 infection can cause severe morbidity and mortality, it should be part of the routine work up of complicated pregnancies, especially when fetal hydrops is suspected. This book also summarizes the evidence on propensity for TDM in anti-TNF therapy to guide interventions at therapeutic failure, while present data do not support the routine use of proactive TDM in everyday clinical practice. The authors maintain that the use of statins is necessary for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and the criteria for assessing their hypolipidemic effect are clearly defined. Depending on the severity of experimental hyperlipoproteinemia, oral administration of atorvastatin may have a different effect on the overall activity of MMPs in the serum of mice. The following chapter discusses how employing focus groups provided the opportunity to 1) check cultural assumptions, 2) assess and prioritize areas of greatest perceived need, 3) tailor campaigns and outreach to the key values and beliefs of population of focus, and 4) understand and capitalize on social media and other communication favored by the population of focus to reduce health disparities. Congenital Hypothyroidism is examined as the most common endocrine disorder in childhood. In the last years the decrease of the TSH recall threshold has led to an increased of mild forms with in situ glands at the first diagnosis. As such, the re-evaluation of the diagnosis has become an important procedure to distinguish transient forms from permanent ones. Three types of Burkitt''s Lymphoma are also examined, including Endemic (African), Sporadic (non-African) and HIV-associated per WHO classification. Compared to the endemic type which is commonly associated with EBV infection, the incidence of EBV is lower in the other two types (20% in sporadic and 30- 40% in HIV patients). After which, end stage renal disease is examined in the same manner, reviewing the diagnosis, management and consequences. In a separate study, an integrated mixed method approach was used in 5 coastal communities in Tongatapu, Tonga, where some community members had their health and well-being affected by climate change and some did not. Results indicated that physical, mental and spiritual aspects of well-being were affected by climate change and that people were eager to see the implementation of strategies to improve their health and restore their mental well-being. The concluding study aimed to verify the influence of different motivational interventions for oral hygiene autonomy promotion on the biofilm control in individuals with special needs. The data suggest that motivational activities can be developed to promote autonomy in other aspects of general health, resulting in the improvement of the quality of life of individuals with special needs.

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Book SynopsisIn this collection, the authors begin by examining recent works regarding the use of monoclonal antibodies in various immunoassays for addressing food allergy and food fraud issues. Monoclonal antibodies were initially produced with the goal of specifically target a disease-causing agent in clinical settings. Future research and development will also be discussed. Next, the book suggests that single nucleotide polymorphism diagnosis in clinical practice makes it possible to accurately identify the genetic component in the development of individual cases of female infertility, thus allowing for the development of appropriate treatment tactics. The following review tries to describe the state of the art of known interactions of paraquat (PRQ) with ligand-activated transcription factors and suggest these molecular targets for the treatment of PRQ toxicity. Paraquat is a herbicide which was banned in the European Union in 2007 but is still in use in other parts of the world. Later, the different therapeutic strategies used in the field of physiotherapy aimed at the recuperation of the upper limb after stroke are described. Referring to the current literature, the full range of techniques applied in the recovery of these patients is presented, from conventional treatments to emerging approaches and new technologies. The authors discuss the prevalence of hematuria from population-based studies ranged from <1-21%. The varying rates depend on patient demographics, study methodology including case definition, sample collection and examination technique. Causes of hematuria may be glomerular or non-glomerular. Common glomerular causes include IgA nephropathy, thin membrane disease, and post-infectious glomerulonephritis, amongst others. The final chapter aims to fill a gap in research on increasing the nutritional quality of packed lunches and/or increasing National School Lunch Program participation rates. While the NSLP is mandated to meet nutrition standards, packed lunches are not required to meet any nutrition standards. Recent research suggests packed lunches are lower in nutritional quality than NSLP lunches, and may be contributing to poor dietary profiles and higher risk of childhood obesity by providing fewer fruits and vegetables and more solid fats and added sugars.

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Book SynopsisThe different anticoagulant drugs used both in the treatment and prevention of deep venous thrombosis can cause several adverse effects. The most significant complication is bleeding. In Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 6, the authors begin by examining how to choose the most appropriate drug for decreasing the risk of bleeding, taking into account the characteristics of each of these drugs as well as those of the patient. The authors go on to discuss infectious mononucleosis, also known as kissing disease, which is characterized by the classic triad of fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy, where lymhocytosis and atypical lymphocytes are also present. The classic test for infectious mononucleosis is the demonstration of heterophile antibodies. Monospot test, a qualitative test using the latex agglutination technique, is the most widely used method to detect the serum heterophile antibodies of infectious mononucleosis. Next, this collection presents the current knowledge on pro- and anticoagulation mechanisms in kidney diseases, as well as the authors experiences in the treatment of both conditions in different clinical subsets: glomerular, tubulo-interstitial and genetic renal diseases, in infectious diseases and illicit substance abuse with renal involvement and in some immunological inflammatory diseases with renal involvement. Later, the authors propose that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin found in green tea, can prevent vascular endothelial cell injury and dysfunction. EGCG has an antioxidant effect in vascular endothelial cells and induces nitric oxide (NO) production by promoting endothelial NO synthase expression. The effects of EGCG might help to prevent arteriosclerosis in its early stages. However, detailed mechanisms of the preventive action of EGCG and its molecular targets on endothelial dysfunction remain elusive. Thus, this review explores the results of studies that investigated the effects of EGCG from green tea on the prevention of vascular endothelial dysfunction during the early stages of arteriosclerosis. This compilation also examines the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which has become a stumbling stone in the progress of human civilization. With congruence to whole world, Bangladesh has also been experiencing the epidemic since mid-1980. This collection provides a review regarding the prevalence of routine surveillance among the population considered at risk for HIV infection, as well as the national policy to prevent the HIV epidemic in Bangladesh. In a subsequent review, the authors examine streptozotocin (STZ), a compound that was originally identified in the late 1950s as an antibiotic, and currently is widely used to induce experimental diabetes mellitus. Although STZ has been used in research, there has been no standardization of a well-established protocol. Its important to highlight that STZ has non-specific toxicity, which can contribute to variability in its outcomes. This assessment aims to determine the influence of different protocols of induction of diabetes mellitus with STZ on the effectiveness of the method and possible side effects of this compound. This book also analyzes 57 relevant papers on the issue of nerve palsy after total hip replacement, and aims to review the pathophysiological data, prevalence, etiology, risk factors, prognosis and prevention of this complication. Nerve palsy after total hip replacement is a rare complication (0.08% to 7.6%). An especially relevant public health problem in South America and Africa is that of Yellow Fever (YF). A YF outbreak occurred in areas in close proximity to major urban centers of Brazil where YF vaccine was not routinely administered. In view of this, several YF mass vaccination campaigns were performed including these locations. Therefore, the authors review the pertinent information regarding the completion of the YF mass vaccination campaigns in 2017 and 2018 in Brazil. Future perspectives for this vaccination in the national territory are also discussed. The authors present current, normative data on a new examination method of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in childhood. The reversibility of ED is an attractive primary target in the effort to decrease cardiovascular risk in pediatric patients and to optimize therapeutic strategies. Thus, early detection of ED may have therapeutic and prognostic implications. To evaluate endothelial dysfunction, especially in children with chronic diseases, a combination of plethysmographic reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and specific biomarkers was used- plasma concentrations of assymetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), E-selectine and vasoadhesive molecules (VCAM) in comparison with healthy controls.

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Book SynopsisThroughout history, humans have consumed wheat simply to obtain energy from its starch and protein. In recent years, however, additional health-related benefits to wheat consumption have been discovered. In Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 7, the authors open by presenting the results of a randomized clinical trial that show wheat intake improves cognition. The trial was initiated based on the results showing that wheat supplementation improves memory in rodent models of Alzheimer''s disease and vascular dementia. Next, this collection reviews the most recent findings regarding to colorectal cancer risk factors. Colorectal cancer onset is related to mutations in specific genes whose etiology may vary. According to the origin of those mutations, risk factors of colorectal cancer can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable. Keratoconus, the most common corneal ectasia, is also discussed. It is usually diagnosed during puberty with most of the diagnoses being between 10 and 20 years old, and men tend to be more affected than women. Current studies show that keratoconus has a multifactorial origin mixing genetic and environmental influence. Following this, the authors propose that strength training in youth needs to carefully consider specific needs, goals and interests of the pediatric population along with their physical and psychological uniqueness. Additionally, key characteristics of strength training for children and adolescents at various maturational stages are described, along with information on practical implementation in different settings. This collection also analyzes several publications on microcirculation disorders in diabetes mellitus (DM) which restrict the introduction of methods for noninvasive assessing microcirculation in clinical practice. Ways to increase the diagnostic significance of Laser Doppler Flowmetry for non-invasive assessment of microcirculation in patients with DM are discussed. Several protocols were developed in the early and middle 19th century in order to modulate the shape of the iris or to create scar tissue at the cone in order to treat keratoconus. However, the authors propose that the first major revolution in the surgical management of these patients came with keratoplasty, as previous interventions showed unreliable and contradictory results and were gradually abandoned. In conclusion, the authors discuss Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, a woody, perennial herb with evergreen, needle-like fragrant leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. Rosemary extracts are used in food additives; and in traditional medicine, they have been observed to contain anti-tumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

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Book SynopsisIn this compilation, the authors propose that strength training is a fundamental part of the aging process to maintain the functionality which is affected in the elderly stage of life. Mode circuit and strength training has been very useful as hey provide variability of movements and promote total body intervention.Next, the authors aim to deliver a descriptive, current-state view of the health situation in the Arab World, including the challenges facing public health within the region. They also provide decision-makers and health policy experts an evidence-based contextual analysis that is driven by needs assessments in the region.The following review focuses on the preclinical therapeutic efficacies of polymers carriers incorporated with antimalarials. These carriers have unique properties such as excellent biodegradability, good biocompatibility, reduced non-toxic effects of the loaded/encapsulated drug and improved drug pharmacokinetics. Incorporating antimalarials onto these carriers can improve their therapeutic outcomes.This collection goes on to review the symptoms, diagnostic approach and treatment options of agammaglobulinemia disorders. Patients with agammablobulinamia usually present with recurrent infections caused by encapsulated bacteria although viral, fungal and parasitic infections can also occur. Diagnosis is initially based upon family/clinical history and physical examination.Another review focuses on clinical studies showing the role that oral magnesium supplementation plays in the improvement of insulin sensitivity. A growing body of evidence from experimental studies shows that hypomagnesemia reduces the tyrosine-kinase activity and autophosphorylation at insulin receptor level, which promotes the aforementioned hypothesis.Pleural effusion occurs when fluid collects in the pleural space, between the parietal and visceral pleura. Many disease processes are associated with pleural effusion, which require physicians to be familiar with its causes, diagnosis, and management. The authors propose that pleural fluid procalcitonin has been shown to be a useful bio-marker for diagnosing a bacterial parapneumonic pleural effusion.Later, a patient with elevated CPK and evidence for prevention of exercise induced rhabdomyolysis is presented. Rhabdomyolysis may present as muscle aches that may not necessitate a visit to the physician, but in some cases it may be fatal. Thus, physicians must always inquire about participation in exercise and counsel athletes and trainers.In the concluding chapter, the authors showcase how to use stereo digital displays for the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia. In recent years, stereo digital displays have been introduced to provide 3D illusions. Usually they are used for recreational purposes, but theunderlying idea can be applied to the medical field.

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Book SynopsisAscites is a pathological accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Clinical manifestations largely depend on the volume accumulated, so ascites may present as a radiological finding or as an evident increase of abdominal perimeter. Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 9 opens with a discussion of the indications for paracentesis, an invasive procedure consisting of the extraction of ascitic fluid through percutaneous puncture of the abdominal wall, as well as techniques for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, prophylactic considerations in order to minimize complications and alternative strategies. The authors go on to discuss the knowledge provided by scientific research regarding tendon injury, summarizing how to approach injuries of the tendon in a concrete and schematic matter. The goal of the following study is to evaluate pain relief in patients with chronic low back pain and failed back surgery syndrome after a single-shot intrathecal administration of midazolam. The analgesic effect was determined using a patient questionnaire during subsequent visits to the pain therapy service. An additional study is presented in which 38 patients were treated with open reduction internal fixation via a dorsal approach. Clinical assessments included range of motion measurements at the wrist, grip strength, the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score, and the Gartland and Werley score. Also in this compilation, the authors investigate combinations of methods and resources for a quicker and complete functional recovery. This research included 106 patients divided into two groups (with and without labor activities). 51 patients had a traumatized dominant hand and 47 had a complication of M. Zudeck. The analysis of the results obtained allows for the confirmation of the medical and social effectiveness of the complex Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation Program. Meckels diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting approximately 2-4% of the population. In the case of bleeding, it is proposed that tagged RBC scintigraphy or angiography could be utilized to determine the source of bleeding and possibly direct the clinician towards the diagnosis of Meckels. The following chapter outlines advances that have been made within the growing field of zebrafish as a model for human diseases and highlights their advantages for drug discovery. Furthermore, the zebrafish in vivo model presents many advantages when used in biotechnology and for food science and technology purposes. A large clutch size, transparent embryos, low-cost, fast growth and easy handling are the main features of this model. Recently, the zebrafish model has been used to study vertebrate development and for modeling human diseases and processes such as oxidative stress, liver damage, inflammation and evaluation of inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The closing experiment was conducted in twenty-six pediatric patients who were given initial doses of continuous infusion of 200 μg/kg/h of midazolam, either from the innovator brand or from the generic brand. The children were monitored for plasma concentrations determined by high performance liquid Chromatography and the sedative effect was measured using a BIS monitor.

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Book SynopsisThe objective of the first chapter is to explain fertility preservation decisions as related to reproductive-aged cancer patients experiences and desires for future fertility. The second chapter discusses fertility preservation and how it can be used to help cancer patients retain their fertility. It is an emerging discipline that now plays a central role in the care of reproductive women with cancer. This chapter examines several key factors underlying why more men who have sex with other men are not using Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, including (1) lack of awareness of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, (2) lack of exposure to other Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis users, (3) general lack of interest in learning more about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, (4) lack of willingness to avail themselves of existing information sources and resources to learn more about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, (5) perceived stigma associated with the use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, and (6) perceived obstacles needing to be overcome in order to give Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis adoption more serious consideration. The aims of this chapter is to describe some of these recent studies, showing the potential of the flavonoids anthocyanins, flavones, quercetin, hesperetin and naringenin in the control of adipocyte inflammation. The possible biochemical pathways will be presented, as well as the results observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Chapter five explains how plasma transthyretin measures the methionine role in metabolic processes that requires deregulating the transsulfuration pathway and methylating homocysteine. It measures nutritional wellbeing and the impact of metabolism on the outcomes of human disease in relationship to severe inflammatory disorders, chronic disease, and cancer. The final chapter examines chronic kidney disease and how it is a significant burden on the economy and healthcare system globally as the patients suffering from it requires long term renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or renal transplant.

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Book SynopsisThe aim of Volume 11 is to provide evidence on the indicators of fluid distribution and cellular integrity evaluated by nioelectrical impedance analysis in athletes of different performance levels and non-athletes. The second chapter presents a specific examination of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor among xenobiotic receptors, with a commentary on the preventive and therapeutic abilities of lignans against various diseases associated with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, including cancers, teratogenesis, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, leukemias and lymphomas. Additionally, the authors discuss scrub typhus, a bacterial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi), and how it is recognized as an important cause of fever in Asia. The objective of the next section is to conduct a literature review to identify key risk factors that contribute to the risk of infection and transmission of disease in residential aged care and community care settings. The indications and complications of surgical management of Choanal atresia will be thoroughly illustrated in the followingchapter, mainly focusing on the role of the transnasal endoscopic approach. Recently, a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the creation of more effective drugs for prevention and management of obesity and obesity-related diseases. The penultimate chapter examines the peptide fraction derived from tissue of Antarctic hydrobiont and how it has beneficial effects on the diet induced obesity in rats through the influence on oxidative status, development of inflammation, and disorders of the serotonergic system, which are considered to be the key pathogenic mechanisms of obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. The focus of the final chapter is to describe the demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics of S. maltophilia infections in pediatric patients during a two year period (2016 to 2018) in a tertiary-care hospital in southern Brazil.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at:https://novapublishers.com/shop/advances-in-health-and-disease-volume-11/

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Book SynopsisThe opening chapter of Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 12 suggests that antiviral treatments and drug resistance requires further research. Likewise, there is a necessity for research based on clinical trials in both human and animal models, aimed at introducing new drugs with proven efficacy that are devoid of side effects for the treatment of influenza in the pediatric population. Following this, the authors demonstrate that foreign body aspiration should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric hemoptysis. After a brief description of the complex relationship between circulating ovarian hormones and the estrogens biosynthesis that occurs in normal breast adipose tissue, the authors discuss the impact of abnormal weight gain on the risk of breast cancer. The present study aims to address how sildenafil treats multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer''s, diabetic encephalopathy and Parkinson''s, thus clarifying its mechanism of action. The updated knowledge on the possible benefits of sildenafil and its homologues in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension and other common diseases is also reviewed. One section explores its author''s experience contracting measles to elucidate the importance of continual research into treating this virus. Next, the authors determine that vasopressin plays an important role in the development of schizophrenia-like symptoms, however, its possible pathogenic or therapeutic role during the course of the disease should be analyzed in more focused experiments. The diagnosis of dysentery in massive flood areas is discussed, particularly focusing on endoscopy, ultrasound scan, microscopic stool examinations and other advanced diagnostic tests. In closing, the authors review the current knowledge on the utility of tyrosine kinases for the molecular classification of bladder cancer and discuss different therapeutic approaches.

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Book SynopsisVolume 13 begins by examining how lipid abnormalities in chronic kidney disease attract continuous attention due to their unclear involvement in chronic kidney disease patient outcomes. If kidney function declines, inflammation and oxidative stress progress and lipid disturbances develop, and malnutrition may ameliorate dyslipidemia in advanced chronic kidney disease. Although rare, pancreatic trauma can significantly impact the life of a patient, with some requiring a total pancreatectomy which will result in pancreatogenic diabetes. Diagnosis can be difficult, especially in children, with clinical symptoms being absent in many. As such, the authors discuss the current scientific literature on the diagnosis and management of pancreatic trauma and the promising use of autologous islet cell transplant in these patients. The authors go on to present the state-of-art knowledge on the effects of adenotonsillectomy and rapid maxillary expansion on the dentofacial development of children, clarifying what might be expected regarding facial growth after normalizing the mode of breathing and increasing the width of the maxilla. Following this, this compilation summarizes the growth and development processes of the face to describe the theories and mechanisms of facial growth and development. Next, the management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and extreme drug resistance tuberculosis is discussed, along with the latest World Health Organization guidelines and policy recommendations for treatment. The literature regarding the clinicopathological features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the dura is reviewed, focusing on how to differentiate mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the dura from clinical and pathologic mimics. In the closing study, changes in the molecular mechanism inside an ensemble up to 3 mio Daltons in human muscle in members of one family from eight to 67 years old are investigated using non-invasive gravitational mass spectroscopy.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Health and Disease. Volume 14 opens with a chapter on Zika Virus, a ribonucleic acid virus of the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus, Spondweni group, Zika species, isolated for the first time in 1947 from a primate in the Zika Forest in Uganda, a natural reserve near Entebbe. Next, the authors discuss multiple myeloma, which is characterized by the expansion of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. In about 95% of cases, the aberrant plasma cells produce a monoclonal immunoglobulin called monoclonal component that can be considered a marker of the disease. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is explored in the context of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, where it has been used as a treatment since 1979. This exposes a patient to 100% oxygen at a pressure level higher than 1 atmosphere absolute in a specially designed sealed chamber. This facilitates a delivery of increased partial pressure of oxygen to the tissues. The authors discuss off-label uses of ruxolitinib, particularly in the treatment of myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera, as drugs can sometimes have uses beyond the official approved indication. Following this, summaries of the current scientific knowledge and understanding of the clinical findings and health consequences of benzene exposure among children are presented. Children at various developmental stages have unique physical risk factors when exposed to toxic chemicals such as benzene due to their levels of mobility, oxygen consumption, hormonal production, and overall growth. Lastly, a hybrid quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed for the prediction of aqueous toxicity. The data concerning 92 substituted benzenes was separated into two disjoined subsets, respectively 74 elements for calculating and testing of the model, and 18 elements for its external validation.Table of ContentsPrefaceZika Virus Infection: A New Thread for PregnancyMultiple Myeloma: Biological Characteristics, Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic ApproachesHyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing LossSecondary, Off-Label Uses of RuxolitinibAdverse Health Effects of Benzene Exposure in Children: Current Understandings and PerspectivesPrediction of Aquatic Toxicity in Pimephales Promelas of Substituted Benzenes in Silico Methodologies.

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Book SynopsisVolume 15 explores the current knowledge relating extracellular calreticulin to human pathologies, focusing on cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, wound repair and the retroviral infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Following this, the authors provide an overview of the tumor markers and scoring systems as well as it's utilization for effective diagnosis of female adnexal masses. Appropriate discrimination between benign and malignant mass results in the correct choice between conservative and surgical management. This collection also presents the way in which two B-glucans play a vital role in innate immunity modulation, and are therefore predicted to be candidates for alternative therapies against inflammatory diseases. Subsequently, the authors present indications, techniques, complications and treatment regarding the use of polyacrylamide for facial wasting rehabilitation. Medical literature shows how facial wasting is recognized as a stigma of the infection for the patient-self, and as such facial features restoring is crucial to the social life of HIV positive patients. In conclusion, the major issues regard reduced nostril aperture and nasal fossae volume, and degree of sinus pneumatization are presented. Endoscopic sinus surgery and its main use in pediatric patients is decribed, as well as the advantages of this less invasive surgery.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Health and Disease. Volume 16 first discusses iliopsoas, is a complex musculotendinous unit that acts primarily as a hip flexor, but it is also involved in pelvic stability and trunk balance. Although iliopsoas disorders are one of the most common causes of anterior hip pain in young athletes and active people, tendinopathy may also be described in elderly patients after total hip replacement. The authors go on to discuss, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), a significant enteric pathogen of public health concern that causes toxin-mediated diarrhea in humans. CDI is commonly reported among hospital in-patients undergoing prolonged antibiotic therapy, which disrupts normal gut microflora. Additionally, schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, is examined. After malaria, schistosomiasis remains the most prevalent tropical disease in the world. Despite significant efforts to control schistosomiasis, the disease remains of considerable public health and economic importance in many developing countries. The authors describe the clinical and pathological manifestations of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as experienced firsthand in over a decade of infection in West Africa, and emphasize effective control measures. A concise summary of pediatric post-laminectomy kyphosis is provided via a discussion of the following areas: the background and pathophysiology of how post-laminectomy kyphosis occurs in a pediatric population, risk factors for kyphosis, methods of prevention and eventual treatment if the kyphotic deformity progresses, and relevant studies of post-laminectomy kyphosis in post-tumor resection and post-spinal cord injury. A clinical and histopathological overview of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, including symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and genetic, is also provided. Later, the authors explore mucositis, inflammatory and/or ulcerative lesions of the oral and/or gastrointestinal system. It is one of the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy used in cancer treatment. Similarly explored is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic inflammatory condition of the intestines with an incompletely understood pathophysiology. IBD encompasses gut inflammation which leads to changes in neutrally-controlled functions of the gut including abdominal pain, cramps, urgency to defecate, and diarrhea. The penultimate chapter focuses on flat foot, a common postural disorder of lower extremity in children. It may occur during the growth and developmental period of children, and has been found to normally reduce with age. The aim of the closing study is to investigate the occurrence of differences in flexible flatfoot in adolescents who have trained various sports (football, swimming, basketball, team handball, karate) in comparison to the untrained adolescents.Table of ContentsPrefaceIliopsoas Tendon PathologiesNovel Approaches to Control Clostridium difficile InfectionSchistosomiasis: Epidemiological Aspects in Endemic Areas and Prevalence in Western CountriesClinical and Pathological Outcome of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Poultry, West AfricaPost-Laminectomy Kyphosis in ChildrenSubependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas: A Clinicopathologic ReviewMucositis TreatmentNeuroinflammation in Inflammatory Bowel DiseasePediatric Flexible Flat FootFlatfoot and Sports Activity in AdolescentsIndex.

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Book SynopsisObesity worldwide represents a public health problem, compromising life expectancy in children and adolescents, and has been associated with mortality and a higher risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 17 investigates the association of adiponectin concentration with metabolic and inflammatory profiles of adolescents with obesity and diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is considered the hepatic manifestation of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, where the main toxic mediators in this condition are free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation. In the context of liver transplantation, recipient hemodynamic stability is necessary for its reliable measurement. As such, the authors discuss how the plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green has shown usefulness in different pathologies. The authors go on to discuss spondylosis, a defect in the pars interarticularis of the neural arch, which is a common cause of back pain. The management principles of symptomatic spondylolisthesis have remained consistent over the decades; however, there is a constant evolution in the understanding of the biomechanics of spondylolisthesis, reduction techniques, and fusion modalities. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of degenerative spondylolisthesis and isthmic spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine are discussed. Following this, the authors review the current understanding of delirium pathophysiology, examining the current evidence-based guidelines regarding the screening, prevention and treatment of delirium as relevant to the bedside clinician. This compilation also explores awake craniotomy, a neurosurgical approach performed with the patient awake during the procedure. This approach is increasingly widespread for the surgical treatment of supratentorial cortical lesions and, in particular, for the excision of lesions near or within the motor or language areas. The penultimate chapter examines age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual function decrease among elderly individuals in developed countries. Most of the patients are affected by the atrophic, non-exudative form that is characterized by the occurrence of progressive atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. The final study focuses on Clostridium difï¬cile infections associated with high incidence, mortality, and healthcare costs. C. difï¬cile infections are mainly linked to the use of wide-spectrum antibiotics that disrupt the intestinal microbiota equilibrium.Table of ContentsPrefaceNon-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of AdiponectinNon-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Physiopathology, Diagnostic Approach and Management StrategyProperties and Application of Indocyanine Green in Liver TransplantationSpondylolisthesis: Symptoms and DiagnosisLumbar Spondylolisthesis: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Conservative TreatmentDelirium in the Surgical PatientConduct of Anesthesia in Awake Craniotomy for Excision of Lesions Located within or near Eloquent Language AreasMeasuring Visual Function by Reading Speed and Low Luminance Visual Acuity in the Era of Age-Related Macular DegenerationClostridium Difficile InfectionIndex.

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Book SynopsisSickle cell disease is one of the most common monogenic diseases globally, and the first disease where the genetic etiology was defined. It is common in sub Saharan Africa, the Middle East and India. This collection explores the advantages of newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Following this, the authors assess the costs of using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy for type 1 diabetes treatment. Scientific evidence has shown improvement in glycated hemoglobin levels, and in the reduction of glycemic oscillations and hypoglycemia episodes when compared to multiple-dose insulin therapy. Also assessed in this compilation are different analysis techniques, including spectrometry, chromatography and electrochemistry, used quantitatively and qualitatively to determine tadalafil pharmaceutical dosage forms. The authors discuss different risk factors pertaining to eye drop instillation and manipulation in glaucoma patients' daily tasks, analyzing the different classes of hypotensive ocular agents. Prostatic inflammation, or prostatitis, is the most common prostatic disease in men and it can progress to more serious conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and/or prostate cancer. As such, factors that could be related to inflammatory process in prostate, particularly the endocrine components, are addressed. Indocyanine green video angiography has been used for several medical applications in the recent decades. As a result, the authors describe the main neurosurgical applications and surgical results obtained by a senior vascular neurosurgeon. In one study, the antidepressant effects of three dosages forms of Guduchi are assessed using a behavioral despair test in depression. A statistical analysis was carried out via one-way ANOVA test followed by Tucky and Kramer multiple comparison tests. The penultimate study was conducted among 611 pregnant women who satisfy inclusion criteria in Bahir Dar town, northwest Ethiopia, wherein a multivariate analysis was employed to identify factors associated with dietary practices and nutrition status. The concluding chapter addresses current issues in direct-to-consumer marketing of behavioral health care services and offers several recommendations for its application.Table of ContentsPrefaceNewborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease in India: Successes and ChallengesCosts of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes MellitusReviewing Analytical Methods for Detection and Determination of TadalafilEye Drops: Main Characteristics, Way of Using and Risks to Glaucoma PatientsProstatitis as Psycho Neuro Endocrine Immune EventIndocyanine Green Video Angiography in Neurosurgical PracticeEvaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Three Dosages Forms of Guduchi (Tinospora Cordifolia) on Experimental Animal Model of Forced Swim TestWomen Education Associated with Nutrition Status and Dietary PracticeDirect-To-Consumer Marketing of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies: The Time to Hesitate Is throughIndex.

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Book SynopsisVolume 20 begins by exploring the clinical aspects of cryosurgery including: indications, patient selection, contraindications, technique, complications, and post-treatment follow-up. The authors review available data on current and potential agents for the treatment of vitiligo, an acquired disorder of melanin pigmentation that affects approximately 0.5-2% of the population. The available data regarding the role of oral magnesium supplementation in the treatment of prediabetes and high blood pressure is also studied. The long-term safety of intravitreal treatment with ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration is assessed, noting rare endophthalmitis occurrences and scarce questionable systemic side effects. The inflammatory reaction that follows damage to the bronchiolar epithelium of the small conducting airways, bronchiolitis, is reviewed. Three classifications appear useful in dfining different cases of bronchiolitis: a clinical classification, a histopathological classiifcation, and a radiologic classification. New prosthetic devices for the surgical treatment of hernias are studied, consisting of a combination of biomaterials that provide mesh with the capacity for self-adhesion. The authors explore how laparoscopic cholecystectomies can be performed safely using mirror ports in patients of situs inversus, noting that extreme skill is required to identify the reversed anatomy and to overcome the problem of handedness.

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Book SynopsisVolume 21 first addresses the negative consequences of polypharmacy in older adults, highlighting evidence-based approaches to decrease inappropriate prescribing. An overview of generic drugs in Brazil is provided based on an analysis of literature on the subject, as well as public data. The authors assess the significant role phytochemicals play in combatting coronary heart disease, chronic inflammation, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and more. Also assessed in this compilation are the different pathways of NF-κB signaling in cell survival and pathogenesis of a variety of diseases affecting humans. Hydrocephalus, a disorder characterised by an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid inside the ventricles of the brain, is explored in detail. In addition, a new experimental model of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration induced by superior cervical ganglionectomy in C57BL/6J mice is presented, focusing on differences in the histology, ultrastructure, and metabolic attributes of the temporal retinal pigment epithelium. The signs, symptoms, and radiological findings regarding isolated fallopian tube torsion are examined, as well the various surgical options available. The diagnosis of post-cerebral infarction seizures, or post-stroke seizures, is studied in closing, and electroencephalography is put forward as a crucial tool for this purpose.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation opens with a contribution towards understanding the molecular mechanism of acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activity and its modulation, which will lead to the development of better Alzheimer disease drugs. Acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors are drugs indicated for the treatment of disease, as well as several other important applications in medical treatments. The authors review what is currently known about the effects of interleukin-6, a well-known inflammation mediator, on the respiratory system. Papers are presented showing a general worsening of respiratory mechanics parameters both in animal experimentation and in humans. Advances in Health and Disease. Volume 22 also discusses Graves' orbitopathy, known also as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, the most common and debilitating extrathyroid manifestation of Graves' disease. Additionally, the authors discuss diabetic nephropathyis, a major micro-vascular complication of diabetes mellitus known to be the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The clinical calculation, techniques of measurement and regulation of cardiac ejection fraction is examined. Cardiac ejection fraction is defined as the volume of blood that is ejected by the ventricle during each contraction. The concluding study aims to study the socioeconomic conditions of Beedi rollers to assess the health disturbances acquired as occupational hazards.

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Book SynopsisVolume 23 begins with a focus on Sjogren's syndrome, a multisystem autoimmune disorder caused by lymphocytic infiltration of exocrine glands and characterized by hypofunction of the exocrine glands. Signs and symptoms may include musculoskeletal, neurological, hematological, digestive and nephrological manifestations. The authors present the results of a study that suggest that infrequent and unsystematic supervision, as well as inadequate supervisory skills of in-charges, are critical challenges to effective supervision and leadership. This suggests a need for more frequent supervision and a focus on the importance of training supervisors in supervisory skills, including problem solving and feedback. The subsequent study analyses the engagement designs and management framework of maternal newborn health and HIV/AIDS services using Mkapa Fellows Program (MFP) II wave 1. The 2017 WHO Country Capacity Survey responses are studied to assess the global status of cervical cancer prevention and control through the availability of best buys packages service, population coverage and policy cohesion. A subsequent study attempts to verify whether there are differences in psychosocial risk among police officers from suburban towns and the city center, aiming to identify if localities play a role in the latter. Later, the current state of the art aspects of the C/D ratio is reviewed in conjunction with its possible clinical impacts, including practical considerations for clinicians. A focus on multidrug resistant tuberculosis is provided, and the authors propose that to improve treatment outcomes, a shorter and more economical 9 -- 12 month treatment regimen is necessary. The closing article discusses some current techniques used in dementia mitigation, presenting insight into future treatment trends.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation opens with a discussion of tuberculosis, the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Widespread occurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant- tuberculosis poses a serious threat to global control efforts. The authors review the importance of sleep for healthy functioning, the role sleep plays in eating patterns and diet, and how this may relate to weight gain and obesity. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, one of the major complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is studied. This condition is characterized by structural and functional changes in the myocardium in absence of coronary artery disease, other cardiac pathologies or hypertension. This compilation goes on to propose that body composition could serve as a pre-screening tool and a safe, injury-free indicator of changes in the physical fitness of police officers. The closing study assesses whether economic damage from excessive restrictions due to COVID-19 might eventually result in more harm to public health than the virus itself.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Health and Disease. Volume 26 opens with a deep insight into the effects of probiotics on humans, animals and plants, the proposed mechanism of action and their applications. Following this, the authors focus on the pathophysiology of iron metabolism and hepcidin, their regulation with ferroportin, matripatase-2, as well as the factors involved in causing iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia. A review is provided on interleukin 6, a small glycoprotein and pleiotropic cytokine produced during chronic inflammation by monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, keratinocytes, astrocytes and several malignant cells. The authors examine the protection of people and the environment from radiation in the event of nuclear accidents, maintaining that in disasters with widespread contamination, the protection system must rely on experts'' ethical values. To achieve global commitments on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, the concluding study necessitates enhancing different intervention measures, including strengthening laboratory facilities in different health institutes for early detection.

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Book SynopsisAdvances in Health and Disease. Volume 27 first discusses how the nanotechnology field has received considerable attention in medical sciences because of the unique characteristic features of nanoscale materials. The authors go on to discuss biofilm, a structured community of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix adherent to an inert or living surface. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are discussed, as they are an important occupational health problem in industrialized countries and industrially developing countries. More specifically, the high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal complaints in dentists is discussed, as the past two decades have witnessed a sharp rise in the incidence. The authors briefly review the research on how healthy aging is being studied by researchers, providing a community-based participatory research framework for defining healthy aging from their own work utilizing concept mapping methodology. The closing study focuses on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, a sleep breathing disorder in which the airway is blocked by intermittent relaxation of the throat muscles.

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Book SynopsisVolume 28 opens with a focus on meningoencephalitis, a broad term encompassing inflammation of the brain as well as the overlying meninges, and the authors review its different causes, diagnostic methods and treatment. A general overview of the COVID-19 virus among the human population is provided, after which the underlying clinical manifestations and effects on those living with HIV are addressed. An overview is also provided on Cushing's syndrome, a rare disorder caused by pathologic cortisol overproduction with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms such as weight gain, irregular periods, depression, and anxiety. The authors describe propofol use and administration during drug-induced sleep endoscopy, a technique that plays an important role in detecting dynamic anatomical variations in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Following this, musculoskeletal changes due to prolonged usage of screen touch devices are defined, described, and classified, along with validated diagnostic assessment tools. The results of genetic association studies of multifactorial oral and dental conditions such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, developmental enamel defects, and apical periodontitis are discussed. The procedure for performing a safe and reproducible standard cholecystectomy is carefully defined, considering all tips and tricks. The closing study focuses on miscarriage, the most frequent obstetric complication affecting about 15% of all pregnancies.Table of ContentsFor more information, please visit our website at: https://novapublishers.com/shop/advances-in-health-and-disease-volume-28/

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Book SynopsisVolume 29 begins with a focus on Aeromonas species, Gram-negative rods belonging to the family Aeromonadaceae. Next, the authors discuss the implications of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorders, assessing the hypothesis that there is a relationship between emotional state and gut microbe abundance through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The many ways mitochondrial functions are compromised in the diseased state of the kidney are explored, targeting mitochondrial quality control as a promising therapeutic option for treating kidney dysfunctions. Continuing, this compilation aims to set a new path for vaping through electronic cigarette or vaping associated lung injury analysis in terms of use, regulation and research. One study attempts to explore parents'' perceptions of cerebral palsy, particularly the implications of cerebral palsy on the family in Italy. Following this, the authors report on the role of the registered nurse advanced practitioner and registered nurses in the initiation, development and structuring of a child/family-centered pediatric neurosurgery healthcare system. The concluding review focuses on tumor lysis syndrome, a high mortality complication accompanied by metabolic disorders seen after massive cell destruction as a result of spontaneous or cytotoxic treatment.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation discusses Aspergillus species, important infectious agents in transplant recipients with high morbidity and mortality rates. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequently isolated species and inhalation of the spores is the most common transmission path. The authors explore the effects of different vitamin B therapies (with a special focus on the complex of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12) on peripheral nerve regeneration after injury and immediate surgical repair. Following this, the experimental models of nerve injury are described, including pre-existing injury, early-onset nerve injury and neurological symptoms, and the increasing risk for neurological diseases. One study focuses on celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder of the gastrointestinal tract triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals with human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 molecules on antigen presenting cells. Non-invasive wireless body sensor networks that image the human brain during mobile activities are studied in the context of the treatment of neurological disabilities and brain-controlled prosthetic limbs. The current literature on the potential effects of nutrition for modifying gut microbiota and incidents of both early and late onset non-communicable diseases is discussed in closing.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation reviews the current knowledge on tick-borne diseases in Southeast Asia and identifies the gaps in information that will direct future investigations. Following this, the effects of moderate hypothermia for different durations on the intensity of blood free radical processes and erythrocyte osmotic fragility are studied in rats. The authors summarize the different molecular methods for the detection and genotyping of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses, two genera in the Caliciviridae family that cause acute intestinal gastroenteritis, a disease usually associated with diarrhoea and/or vomiting. Information about infant and parental factors with respect to paternal involvement in infant sleep is provided, particularly focusing on parental psychosocial functioning, the sleep behaviours of parents and the quality of relationship with their infant at bedtime. Information related to the health benefits of physical activity during pregnancy and lactation is also provided, as evidence is currently inconsistent. The closing study focuses on scleroderma renal crisis, a complication of systemic sclerosis with high morbidity and mortality characterized by a sudden and marked increase in systemic blood pressure and rapidly progressive oliguric renal failure.Table of ContentsPreface; Unraveling Tick-Borne Pathogens in Southeast Asia Using Molecular Tools; The Blood Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance and Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells Depend on the Duration of Moderate Hypothermia; Genotyping of Noroviruses and Sapoviruses; Parenting Factors, Infant Intrinsic Characteristics and Diet Behavior Associated With Infant Sleep; Health Benefits of Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Lactation; Scleroderma Renal Crisis: Risk factors, Pathogenesis and Management; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation begins by exploring some socio-anthropological aspects of hypertension, namely the disparity between medical and patients'' understanding of the disease and how this difference affects medical management, self-care and prevention of disease, the process of coping with suffering and other factors. Chapter 2 reviews the current status of various techniques applied in nano-encapsulation of vitamin E in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and the versatile advantages nano-encapsulation of vitamin E provides for site-specific targeted delivery and effective absorption along cells. Chapter 3 discusses the medical imperative of ensuring pain relief for children facing the end of life, provides information about palliative pain management and summarizes the current literature on the subject. Following chapters present data on the impact of education and reading and writing habits on linguistic processing abilities and other cognitive constructs relating to healthy aging, discussions of ethical dilemmas associated with paediatric palliative care including parents'' decision making and medical futility, and a review of the recommended treatment for multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with strategies to prevent transmission and treatment failure. Also, the compilation includes a chapter exploring the oral and dental manifestations of Paget''s disease, a bone remodelling disease in which increased bone resorption occurs followed by excessive deposition of structurally inorganized and weaker bone, and a quantitative analysis of the mortality rates due to Parkinson''s disease in the USA from 1976 to 2017.

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Book SynopsisThis volume comprises 9 chapters, each concerning a recent advancement in health and disease. Chapter 1 critically appraises the current literature related to paediatric obesity and asthma, summarises the evidence on the impact of excess body fat on the pulmonary system in paediatric asthma patients, and discusses possible mechanisms as well as effective public health strategies for reducing the increasing obesity trend and mitigating asthma risk. Chapter 2 details the nutritional and bioactive composition of lactuca sativa, commonly called lettuce, including its antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer properties. Chapter 3 attempts to shed light into the pathogenetic mechanisms connecting metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to the emergence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, emphasizing the evolving epidemiological profile of this type of cancer. Chapter 4 is also about lettuce and provides another perspective on the nutritional composition and health benefits among different varieties of the vegetable. Chapter 5 deals with the health promoting effects of onions (allium cepa l.), including their insulin secretagogue effect, hypoglycaemic influence, hypolipidemic action, antioxidant effect, cardioprotective effect, gallstone prevention, cancer preventive potential, and digestive stimulant action, all of which are scientifically validated. Chapter 6 remarks on the difficulties associated with diagnosing rare diseases and describes several systems-level interventions that can be expected to limit the diagnostic delays experienced by patients with rare diseases and the frustration associated with years or decades of untreated symptoms. Chapter 7 describes the prevalence and effects of iron deficiency and anaemia as well as treatment options for these conditions. Chapter 8 once again focuses on lettuce, this time exploring the nutritional and anti-cancer effects of carotenoids from different varieties of lettuce. Finally, Chapter 9 describes an application for the diagnosis of hypothermia in forensic practice wherein the colour difference between blood in the left cardiac chamber and blood in the right cardiac chamber can be examined using a CO-oximeter.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents eight chapters, each focused on a particular topic in health and disease. Chapter One reviews the mechanism of action and clinical evidence available on the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on glycaemic control, weight, blood pressure, and cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Chapter Two explains the diagnosis and management of bruxism, a disorder defined by the repetitive involuntary activity of muscles of mastication characterized by teeth clenching or grinding. Chapter Three details the diagnosis and treatment options for acute appendicitis. Chapter Four focuses on the evolution of pharmacological management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with a focus on the current updates in terms of the safety and efficacy of acid suppressive therapy (AST). Chapter Five explores the profile of paediatric patients with bruxism following a therapeutic care program in a health centre specialised in bruxism during childhood. Chapter Six discusses the role of anti-reflux surgery in GERD, which is used in cases where AST fails to treat the disease. Chapter Seven provides another perspective on the diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis. Finally, Chapter Eight focuses on the diagnosis of GERD, as well as its medical, endoscopic and surgical management.Table of ContentsPreface; SGLT2-Inhibitors: Glycemic Control and Beyond in Type 2 Diabetes; Bruxism: From Diagnosis to Management; Acute Appendicitis: Diagnosis and Treatment; Gastroesophageal Reflux Therapy: Past, Present and Future; Profile of Children with Bruxism from a Multidisciplinary and Integrative Perspective: A Single-Center Study; Indications and Principles of Anti-Reflux Procedures in GERD; Acute Appendicitis: From Diagnosis to Management; Management and Prognosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation contains eight chapters, each presenting a unique perspective on issues relating to health and disease. Chapter One describes the use of the newly invented technique called acupuncture point injection therapy, which combines acupuncture and medicine, for treatment of complex regional pain syndrome. Chapter Two reviews recent updates on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of iron deficiency anaemia. Chapter Three reviews and explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet on age-related cognitive decline and the development of neurocognitive disorders. Chapter Four discusses the incidence and prognostic significance of sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia, summarizes the possible underlying mechanisms, and considers future directions of research. Chapter Five examines the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment of colorectal polyps, which are the most common benign tumours of the large intestine. Chapter Six covers the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatments available for Tourette's Syndrome. Chapter Seven focuses on the link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment and discusses therapies to improve cognitive functioning and increase patients' quality of life. Lastly, Chapter Eight reviews the clinicopathologic manifestations of neurosarcoidosis, including pathologic differential diagnostic considerations.Table of ContentsPreface; Use of Acupuncture Point Injection of Placental Extract on Pain Control and Mobility Recovery in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome; Iron Deficiency Anemia; The Role of the Mediterranean Diet in Preventing Cognitive Decline across the Lifespan; Sepsis-Associated Thrombocytopenia; Colorectal Polyps: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment; Tourettes Syndrome; Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Neurosarcoidosis: A Clinicopathologic Review; Index.

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Book SynopsisVolume 36 focuses on the latest research on medicine and health. The chapters cover managing kidney disease in gout; vancomycin encapsulated in nanocarriers as therapy for infections caused by resistant bacteria; the etiopathogenesis, evaluation and management outcomes for neutropenia; air pollution and bone mineral density and a review of the literature on health care access and health care utilization on infant mortality rates.Table of ContentsPreface; Vancomycin Encapsulated in Nanocarriers as Therapy for Infections Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria; Neutropenia: Etiopathogenesis, Evaluation and Management Outcomes; Potential Infections and Zoonotic Diseases Transmitted by Small Laboratory Mammals; Air Pollution and Bone Mineral Density; Healthcare Access and Utilization and Infant Mortality Rates: A Systematic Review; Managing Kidney Disease in Gout; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book is comprised of eight chapters, each of which describes a recent advancement in the field of health and disease. Chapter One discusses the opportunities created by technological advancement for treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia. Chapter Two presents a review of the last five years of pharmacological development related to treatment of high uric acid levels in blood and gout. Chapter Three describes the patterns of behaviour that put adolescents at risk for developing obesity or overweight and details prevention and treatment methods. Chapter Four describes principle complications and their management associated with endoscopic sinus surgery. Chapter Five proposes a review of classification of transphenoidal skull base approaches and shows the main transnasal corridors to the sphenoid sinus based on the anatomical sphenoidal target and extension of pathology. Chapter Six discusses the minimally invasive sinus technique and the differences between it and functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Chapter Seven evaluates the efficacy and safety of prolonged low-dose clarithromycin therapy in patients with chronic polyp rhinosinusitis after endoscopic breast surgery. Finally, Chapter Eight evaluates the usefulness of computer-assisted navigation in endoscopic sinus surgery.Table of ContentsPreface; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Promising Technologies for the Management of the Disease; Recent Highlights on Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Focus on Preclinical Studies; Behavioral Risk Factors for Overweight or Obesity in Adolescents; Guide to the Management of Complications in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS); Main Corridors in the Transphenoidal Skull Base Surgery; The Minimally Invasive Sinus Surgery Technique; The Role of Clarithromycin in the Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis; The Role of Computer Assisted Navigation in the Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for the Chronic Rhinosinusitis; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph consists of eight chapters that provide updates in the field of health and disease. Chapter One describes orthostatic hypotension, a geriatric syndrome caused by postural blood pressure change, and its impact on quality of life in the elderly. Chapter Two describes the causes and effects of endometriosis, a common condition in women of reproductive age that is very frequently associated with infertility. Chapter Three also relates to infertility, as it presents up-to-date information on the impact of stress, anxiety, and depression on conception, impaired fertility, and infertility. Chapter Four investigates the possible involvement of the superior colliculus in eye movement problems associated with progressive supranuclear palsy, a rare type of "parkinsonism" that can affect all types of eye movement. Chapter Five summarizes the recently published, epidemiological findings referring to the impact of environmental and occupational factors on fecundity and fertility. Chapter Six describes the use of electrodiagnostic evaluation for lumbar spinal stenosis, which in many cases correlates with symptoms better than diagnostic imaging. Chapter Seven investigates the association between substance abuse and the decision to seek abortion among low-income women. Finally, Chapter Eight shows how the qualitative and quantitative properties of eigenvalues can explain phenomena ranging from the dynamics of human reactions in tactile environments to the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic.Table of ContentsPreface; Orthostatic Hypotension and Its Role in Health and Disease, Especially in the Elderly; Endometriotic Cyst and Infertility; Psychological Factors and Infertility; A Quantitative Study of the Pathological Changes in the Superior Colliculus in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; Environmental and Occupational Pollutants Exposure and Infertility; Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis; Substance Use Behaviors Associated with Unintended Pregnancy and Seeking Abortion Care in a Predominantly Low-Income Sample of Women; Fundamental Properties of Eigenvalues of Dynamical Systems and Their Applications: From Fluid Dynamics to Human Reactions and COVID-19 Epidemics; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book consists of eleven chapters, each of which provide details on recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One deals with cytomegalovirus infections and the gastrointestinal tract bleeding they cause. Chapter Two explores the current state of knowledge on prevalence and risk factors associated with sarcopenia. Chapter Three reviews the role of epigenetic markers as predictors of autism spectrum disorders in preterm birth. Chapter Four collates and reviews literature about anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Chapter Five examines immune-mediated necrotising myopathy, one of the major subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Chapter Six concerns the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis after sclerosis. Chapter Seven focuses on the various indications for therapeutic hypothermia in epilepsy and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Chapter Eight presents a review of the efficacy of social distancing for minimising the spread of COVID-19. Chapter Nine consists of a case study concerning canine leptospirosis in its icteric form related to Weil's disease. Chapter Ten reviews the available studies comparing the efficacy of ivermectin against topical scabicides, its use in outbreak settings, and gaps in current knowledge. Finally, Chapter Eleven focuses on the different causes of thrombophilia as a predisposition to deep vein thrombosis.Table of ContentsPreface; Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding Caused by Cytomegalovirus: A Comprehensive Review; Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sarcopenia; Epigenetic as Underlying Mechanism of the Link between Preterm Labor and Autism Spectrum Disorder; A Review of Literature on Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction; The Heterogeneity of Immune-Mediated Necrotizing Myopathy Illustrated in a Cohort of Belgian Patients: Consequences for Diagnosis and Disease Management; Sclerosis and Deep Vein Thrombosis; Therapeutic Hypothermia in Epilepsy; Role of Population Density as Natural Social Distancing Factor in Coronavirus Spreading; Acute Leptospirosis in Its Icteric Form: A Case Study; Role of Ivermectin in the Management of Institutional Outbreaks of Scabies; Thrombophilia: A Predisposing Factor of Deep Vein Thrombosis; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis monograph consists of seven chapters that each detail recent advancements in the field of health and disease. Chapter One presents the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of Narcolepsy type 1, Narcolepsy type 2, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin syndrome. Chapter Two remarks on the history of phage therapy, biology and classification of phages, the effects of phage on biofilm, and the potential usage of phage therapy against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Chapter Three discusses both the operative and non-operative approaches to the treatment and management of critical limb ischemia as well as their associated risks and outcomes. Chapter Four speculates on the relationship between sarcopenia and the metabolic liver as well as the impact of active sarcopenia treatment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chapter Five deals with the impact of spinal cord injury on cardiopulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. Chapter Six highlights the role of nutrition and dietary habits in neurodegenerative diseases and their beneficial role in preventing/delaying neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, Chapter Seven introduces POSEIDON Stratification as a daily instrument in the clinical management of fertility patients.Table of ContentsPreface; Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence: An Update; Phage Therapy: An Alternative Treatment Option for Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains; Management and Outcomes of Critical Limb Ischemia; Sarcopenia in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Cardiopulmonary Function, Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury; The Effect of Nutrition on Neurodegenerative Diseases; POSEIDON Stratification; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume includes seven chapters, each of which details a recent scientific advancement in health and disease. Chapter One describes polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and elaborates various treatment, therapeutic, and management strategies for PCOS which may help in relieving its economic and social burden. Chapter Two addresses the ethical problems of the use of human foetal cell cultures in the manufacture of vaccines as well as other ethical dilemmas associated with vaccines. Chapter Three reviews fundamental aspects of imaging in the diagnosis of pneumomediastinum, including the normal mediastinal anatomy and relevant variants in plain radiography and computed tomography. Chapter Four summarizes current literature involving fasted exercise and health benefits and discusses the proposed mechanisms, aiming to determine fasted aerobic exercise applicability as a health-promoting strategy. Chapter Five examines the role that aerobic exercise plays in osteoporosis prevention and management, and how different exercise modalities contribute to bone health. Chapter Six reviews the main features of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, both in its asymptomatic and emergent forms, with focus on clinical signs and symptoms, natural course and the differential diagnosis. Lastly, Chapter Seven covers the current strategies for the management of gestational diabetes mellitus.Table of ContentsPreface; Genetics of Hyperandrogenism and Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Treatment and Therapeutic Strategies; Ethical Aspects of Immunization; Essentials of Pneumomediastinum on Imaging: Relevant Anatomy, Main Causes, Typical Findings and Potential Pitfalls; Fasted Exercise and Fat Oxidation: Hope or Hype?; The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Bone Health and Osteoporosis; Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: Management of the Spectrum of Clinical Presentations; Current Strategies for Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume includes six chapters detailing recent advancements in health and disease. Chapter One describes the set-up and characteristics of various endoscopic submucosal dissection devices. Chapter Two explains neural plasticity, or the brain's ability to rewire itself, and how it relates to the treatment and progression of various neurological conditions. Chapter Three discusses a range of medical interventions where progesterone has been found useful, highlighting its exceptional role in supporting pregnancy to full term. Chapter Four details the characteristics, classification, pharmacokinetics, drug interaction, clinical uses and adverse effects of anticoagulants. Chapter Five analyses how emergency medical services responded to the global pandemic of 2020. Lastly, Chapter Six summarises published results on the influence of low birth weight, prematurity, and nutritional status during childhood on the tooth eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth.Table of ContentsPreface; Set-Up, Technique, and Tricks on Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection; Synaptic Plasticity and Neurological Diseases; Recent Developments of Progesterone in Nano-Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery; Oral and Newer Anticoagulants: General Characteristics, Classification, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Interaction, Clinical Uses and Adverse Effects; EMS Pandemic Response in the United States; The Influence of Birth Weight, Prematurity and Nutritional Status on Tooth Eruption; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume includes some of the latest research pertaining to the topics of health and disease. Chapter One examines the interplay between molecular redox signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Chapter Two discusses the origin and mechanism of antibody development, autoantibodies' association with disease, and the available therapeutic interventions. Chapter Three describes the microbial diversity of breast milk and the factors influencing this diversity. Chapter Four collects the evidence on adolescent bone growth, nutrition, physical activity, and hormonal changes related to occurrence of osteoporosis later in life. Chapter Five reviews evidence regarding the effects of allopurinol and febuxostat in kidney disease. Lastly, Chapter Six examines the phenomenon of elevated serum uric acid in patients with chronic kidney disease.Table of ContentsPreface; The Interplay between Molecular Redox Signaling and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: Relevant Aspects Related to Pathophysiological Processes in Human Diseases; Autoantibody, an Adaptive Immune Response: History, Structure and Evolution; Probiotic Microflora of Breast Milk and the Influence of Variable Factors; Adolescent Nutrition: A Link to Prevention of Post Menopausal Osteoporosis; Successful Control of Hyperuricemia in Chronic Renal Failure; Serum Uric Acid Fluctuations during Hemodialysis: Clinical Implications; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume presents recent updates in the fields of health and disease. Chapter One explores the role of nutrition in diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Chapter Two includes updated information about the role electrotherapy can play in physical therapy. Chapter Three discusses the immune factors regulating nasopharyngeal colonisation and their role in otitis media, or inflammation of the middle ear. Chapter Four carries out a review of the evaluation and treatment of physiotherapy in children with autism spectrum disorders, focusing on a clinical case of a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with autism who presented a pattern of toe walking. Lastly, Chapter Five examines two intervention programs, ecologically-based family therapy and community reinforcement approach, focusing on reducing substance use and abuse among homeless adolescents.Table of ContentsPreface; Nutrition in Disease of Musculoskeletal System; The Effectiveness of Electrotherapy in Physical Therapy; Otitis Media: Immunosuppressive and Pro-Inflammatory Lymphocytes Strike a Balance Between Bacterial Colonization and Mucosal Inflammation; Toe Walking Gait and Physiotherapy in Autism Spectrum Disorders; Ecologically-Based Family Therapy and Community Reinforcement Approach Interventions Addressing Substance Use among Homeless Adolescents: A Systematic Review of the Literature; Index.

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Book SynopsisIn this edited volume, updates in the field of health and disease are presented. Chapter One studies the incidence of hearing loss in patients with congenital cytomegalovirus infections. Chapter Two reviews the current literature concerning the multifactorial theories and etiologies of glaucomatous optic disc change and visual field loss in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Chapter Three discusses the effectiveness of endovascular treatment for peripheral arterial disease, which is common in dialysis patients. Chapter Four describes a new technique for severely calcified infrapopliteal artery lesions called "percutaneous intraluminal needle cracking." Chapter Five aims to identify the occurrence of chronic kidney disease in the family members of chronic hemodialysis patients. Chapter Six describes methods for the outpatient management of oncologic patients with solid tumors and febrile neutropenia. Chapter Seven ascertains the suitability of peritoneal dialysis as a first choice for treatment of acute kidney injury patients. Chapter Eight reports on the application of a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode for the determination of phenylbutazone using the differential pulse voltammetry, as a simple alternative method for quality control of this drug. Chapter Nine investigates the liaison between contaminated foods and the occurrence of illness in consumers to provide a clear picture of reports during the years 2010-2020. Lastly, Chapter Ten reviews the benefits and limitations of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the evidence behind the recommendations to support their use in different patient populations.Table of ContentsPreface; Hearing Loss in Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; The Multifactorial Pathogenesis of Normal Tension Glaucoma: A Brief Review; Effectiveness of Endovascular Treatment for Peripheral Arterial Disease in Dialysis Patients in Japan; Novel Technique of Percutaneous Intraluminal Cracking Using Puncture Needles for Severely Calcified Infrapopliteal Artery Lesions; Chronic Kidney Disease Occurrence and Treatments in the Family Members of Hemodialysis Patients; Outpatient Management of Oncologic Patients with Solid Tumors and Febrile Neutropenia; Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury: The Role and Benefits of Peritoneal Dialysis; An Improved Voltammetric Method for Quality Control of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals Containing Phenylbutazone; Investigation on Norovirus Occurrence in Foodstuffs during the Years 2010-2020; Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: Not Just for Diabetes Anymore?; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis edited volume presents recent updates in the fields of health and disease. Chapter One studies Noroviruses are known as causative agents of sporadic infections and epidemic outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Chapter Two presents the harmful effects of fluoride intake, fluorosis induction, and provides relevant information about oxidative stress caused by fluoride both in in vivo and in vitro studies. Chapter Three suggested that a comparison of multiple prediction models, the time series model, produced the most accurate and better forecast value for the COVID-19 outbreak. Chapter Four targets type-2 diabetes is an immune-metabolic disorder characterized by low grade inflammation, pancreatic β cell dysfunction; insulin insufficiency or resistance. Chapter Five focus studies to explore this aspect of the immune defect and develop new tools for its comprehensive evaluation. Chapter Six studies are revealing how variations and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota influence normal physiology and contribute to diseases ranging from inflammation to obesity. Chapter Seven aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the antimicrobial effects of thymol and thymol nanoformulations. It also covers the recent advances in applications of thymol as antimicrobial agent. Chapter 8 review possible thrombotic mechanisms in antiphospholipid syndrome from the clinician point of view who treats thrombotic complication but is one who should also take out preventive measures. The level at which preventive action is possible is strict control of primarily cardiovascular risk factors, control of the activity of autoimmune diseases, and full thrombophilia screening. Finally, Chapter Nine discusses thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients is a common finding, recent studies have reported an unusually high prevalence of thrombotic complications which was the reason for the measuring of aPL. The aPLs in COVID-19 patients are mainly directed against b2GPI but display an epitope specificity different from that of the antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Coagulopathy and vasculopathy are initial stages in both COVID-19 infection and APS sharing three similar stages.Table of ContentsPreface; Food: A Key Element in Epidemiology of Norovirus Infection; General Aspects of Fluoride and Oxidative Imbalance in Dental and Skeletal Fluorosis; Modeling and Prediction of COVID-19 Outbreak in India; Targeting the Tripartite Members in Type II Diabetes: Gut Microbiota, Inflammatory Cells and miRNA; Comprehensive Evaluation of NK Cells and Its Utility in the Diagnosis of NK Cell Defects; Partners in Health and Partners in Crime: Gut-Brain Axis and Circadian Rhythms; Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Attributes of Thymol: An Overview; (UN) Common Thrombotic Mechanisms in Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Platelets in Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Beyond; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis compilation presents some of the latest research in health and disease. Chapter One provides insight into the ophthalmic manifestations of dyslipidemia and how they may be managed concomitantly, with particular reference to the statins and their efficacy. Chapter Two proposes the application of personalized medicine for the treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Chapter Three summarizes the main studies in the field of psychological interventions for bariatric surgery patients exploring the advances on new online therapeutic and management strategies, and personalised medicine including stepped care approaches. Chapter Four examines the relationship between interpersonal stressors, coping with interpersonal stress, and sleep disorders focused on gender. Finally, Chapter Five describes the impact of exercises using a foam roller to reduce back pain in scoliosis patients.Table of ContentsPreface; Ophthalmic Manifestations Associated with Dyslipidaemia and Their Management; Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia towards a Personalized Medicine to Promote Physical and Mental Health; Alternative Healthcare Delivery Strategies to Prevent Weight Regain after Bariatric Surgery; Gender Differences and Similarities in the Relationship between and Coping with Interpersonal Stressors, and Sleep Disorders in Employees; Use of Foam Roller for Myofascial Release Together with Postural Control for Reducing Back Pain in Scoliosis Patients: An Exercise Protocol; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume presents some of the latest advancements in the field of health and disease research. Chapter One deals with aberrant regulation of mTOR in haematological malignancies and the use of mTOR inhibitors in their treatment. Chapter Two explores synthetic and natural mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and other diseases caused by over-activation of mTOR. Chapter Three discusses various types of cancer, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, and their causes along with their significant signalling and effects. Chapter Four describes the structure of mTOR and mTOR upstream and downstream signalling pathways. Chapter Five relates various types of prostaglandins with processes like ovulation, luteolysis, implantation, menstrual cycle, parturition, fallopian tube motility along with associated metabolic processes. Lastly, Chapter Five addresses the subjects of compliance, adjuvants, aspects of individuals' systemic health, and quality of life in connection with periodontal maintenance therapy.Table of ContentsPreface; Aberrant Regulation of mTOR in Hematological Malignancies and the Use of mTOR Inhibitors in their Treatment; Synthetic and Natural mTOR Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer and Other Diseases Caused by Over-Activation of mTOR; Prostaglandins and Inflammation; Structure of mTOR and mTOR Upstream and Downstream Signaling Pathways; Prostaglandins and Their Role in the Physiology of Reproduction; A Closer Look at Periodontal Maintenance Therapy; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis volume contains ten chapters, each of which describes a recent advancement in health and disease. Chapter One aims to discuss various molecules proposed as potential disease biomarkers of biliary atresia in the recent past along with their strengths and weaknesses. Chapter Two provides an up-to-date review of the main metabolic pathways involved with the beneficial effects attributed to HIIT in the white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, liver, heart, and pancreas of rodent models. Chapter Three examines nine cases of motor neuron disease associated with frontotemporal dementia. Chapter Four explores the functional diversity of the endoplasmic reticulum, the largest endo-membrane organelle that exerts a central role in cellular functions. Chapter Five reviews the evolution of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV2, as a threat to the health care system worldwide. Chapter Six deals with therapeutic apheresis and/or monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of haemolytic uremic syndrome in view of pathophysiologic aspects. Chapter Seven deals with the concept of health literacy in the digital era. Chapter Eight reviews the clinical and pathologic features of sarcoid myopathy. Chapter Nine examines the outbreaks of yersiniosis during the years 2010-2020, the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica as well as the clinical symptoms of the infection in humans. Lastly, Chapter Ten provides a clinicopathologic review of focal myositis, a rare disorder first described in 1977 by Heffner and colleagues.

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Book SynopsisThis ten-chapter volume presents some recent advancements in health and disease. Chapter One explains the increased mortality rate owing to atherothrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. Chapter Two reviews the evidence for all current management strategies for recurrent hypoglycaemia in diabetes. Chapter Three provides information on the relationship between obesity and circulating levels of C-reactive protein. Chapter Four describes high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a biomarker of diabetes and hypertension. Chapter Five studies the combination of two self-associating biopolymers such as high-molar-mass hyaluronan and chitosan for treatment of skin wounds. Chapter Six outlines an integrated approach to address the issues of high levels of stress and burnout in the workplace. Chapter Seven examines pericoronary adipose tissue as a possible storage and supply site for lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in the human coronary artery. Chapter Eight deals with corneal collagen cross-linking protocols for the management of keratoconus. Chapter Nine discusses free radicals, their formation and catabolism, and their beneficial and adverse effects on cellular activities. Finally, Chapter Ten details various diagnostic tests for vasculitis.Table of ContentsPreface; Tissue Factor and Human Pathologies: A Comprehensive Insight; Management Strategies for Recurrent Hypoglycaemia in Diabetes; The Link between CRP and Obesity: Evidence from Human and Animal Studies; High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: A Biomarker Linking Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension to Cardiovascular Disease; Self-Associating Chitosan-Hyaluronan Carrier for a Drug Treating Injured Skin; Understanding and Managing Stress and Burnout: Roadmap for Success; Pericoronary Adipose Tissue as Possible Storage and Supply Site for Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins in Human Coronary Artery; Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking Protocols for the Management of Keratoconus; Free Radicals and the Role of Antioxidants in Health and Disease; Diagnostic Tests in Vasculitis; Index.

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