Physics: Fluid mechanics Books

Book SynopsisThe second edition of this comprehensive guide to modern airship design and operation, written by world experts, is the only up-to-date book on airship technology. This new edition introduces nine new chapters and includes significant revisions and updates to five of the original chapters.Trade Review'Airship Technology offers a remarkable quantity and quality. For any student or practising engineer in the airship business this constitutes very worthwhile reading as a welcome modern addition to the field.' Martyn Pressnell, AerospaceTable of Contents1. Introduction Gabriel Alexander Khoury; 2. Basic principles Edwin Mowforth; 3. Aerodynamics Ian Cheeseman; 4. Stability and control Michael V. Cook; 5. Propulsion Ian Cheeseman; 6. Materials S. Islam and Peter Bradley; 7. Structures Charles Luffman; 8. Aerostatics John Craig; 9. Weight estimates and control John Craig; 10. Systems Norman Mayer; 11. Mooring Denis Howe; 12. Ground handling G. Camplin; 13. Meteorology Martin Harris; 14. Piloting David Burns; 15. Performance Robert Hunt; 16. Improvements Edwin Mowforth; 17. Design synthesis B. G. Wilson; 18. Roles and economic considerations Reginald Hillsdon; 19. Unconventional designs Gabriel Alexander Khoury; 20. Solar power Gabriel Alexander Khoury; 21. Zeppelin NT design B. Straeter; 22. Unmanned airships L. Eversfield; 23. Hot-air airships Karl Ludwig Busemeyer; 24. Human powered airships R. Knotts; 25. Heavy lift airships Gabriel Alexander Khoury, Edwin Mowforth and I. Shaefer; 26. Aerodynamic aspects of hybrid air vehicles Ken Nipress.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis is a graduate text on turbulent flows, an important topic in fluid dynamics. It is up-to-date, comprehensive, designed for teaching, and is based on a course taught by the author at Cornell University for a number of years. The book consists of two parts followed by a number of appendices. Part I provides a general introduction to turbulent flows, how they behave, how they can be described quantitatively, and the fundamental physical processes involved. Part II is concerned with different approaches for modelling or simulating turbulent flows. The necessary mathematical techniques are presented in the appendices. This book is primarily intended as a graduate level text in turbulent flows for engineering students, but it may also be valuable to students in applied mathematics, physics, oceanography and atmospheric sciences, as well as researchers and practising engineers.Trade Review'Probably the most popular text in turbulent fluid mechanics for the past thirty years has been Tennekes and Lumley. Now Lumley's colleague Pope has produced a much more complete work and one that is up to date. Designed as a graduate text, it is a massive work that covers most of what an engineer needs to know about the subject … there is no book that provides as broad coverage as this one and yet provides reasonable depth … There are also problems interspersed throughout the book. They make this an excellent textbook that can be heartily recommended to anyone teaching a course in this subject. it is the best book on the market today that covers the entire field and should be adopted for courses, especially since the paperback edition is priced quite reasonably for the size on the book.' Joel H. Ferziger, International Journal of Mutliphase Flows'The deficiency for students of engineering and applied science is the dearth of material on turbulence modeling. Pope has remedied that situation by adjoining a survey of ideas on closure modeling to an introduction to turbulence theory ... This book is a welcome addition to the literature on turbulence. It will serve well as a textbook.' Journal of Fluid Mechanics'… excellent and readable treatment of fundamentals … The lucid and up-to-date discussion - which will appeal to researchers and engineers alike - is a bonus.' Peter Lindstedt, New Scientist'… the text can be classified as one of the pearls in the field.' Applied Mechanical Review'The engineering student who diligently follows and works through the book should acquire a substantial degree of competence in understanding the behaviour and fundamental physical processes involved in turbulent flows and getting familiar with the various approaches for modelling or stimulating turbulent flows. It shall be valued greatly by students in applied mathematics, physics, oceanography, and atmospheric sciences, as well as researchers, and practicing engineers. Acquainting oneself with this book should be a thoroughly enjoyable and enriching experience. Indeed a welcome and distinct addition to the literature on turbulence. It will serve well as an impressive textbook admirably making up for the dearth of material on turbulence modelling.' Current Engineering Practice'This is a graduate-level textbook based on a graduate course, and it will be useful for that purpose … what it does it does well. One hopes it will be widely read.' The Times Higher Education Supplement'… comprehensive textbook … suitable to engineering students at graduate level … this well-organized and clearly written book can be highly recommended to students and researchers with an interest in turbulence, and to all teaching the subject.' Oleg Titow, Zentralblatt MATH'It was a pleasure to read this important book … exceptionally clear presentation, together with an often penetrating critique of both classical methods and recent developments in the theory and modelling of turbulent flows … I strongly recommend this book to advanced students of fluid mechanics, to their teachers and to all researchers, engineers and others with a professional interest in turbulent flows.' K. N. C. Bray, Measurement, Science & TechnologyTable of ContentsPreface; Nomenclature; Part I. Fundamentals: 1. Introduction; 2. The equations of fluid motion; 3. Statistical description of turbulence; 4. Mean flow equations; 5. Free shear flows; 6. The scales of turbulent motion; 7. Wall flows; Part II. Modelling and Simulation: 8. Modelling and simulation; 9. Direct numerical simulation; 10. Turbulent viscosity models; 11. Reynolds-stress and related models; 12. PDF models; 13. Large-eddy simulation; Part III. Appendices; Bibliography.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIntended for undergraduate and graduate students of science and engineering, this book covers the area of fluid mechanics, starting from the fundamentals, and then moving to widespread applications, to technology and geophysics. It also contains discussions on the universal dimensions similarity scaling for the laminar boundary layer equations.Trade Review"This book will find its place on the shelves of all libraries covering the mechanics of liquids and gases" --Mathematics Abstracts "A classic in the field of fluid mechanics" --IOP Publishing Ltd "This book will continue to be a rich source of understanding of fluid mechanics for adequately prepared readers...there is no better aid than Landau and Liftshitz's 'Fluid Mechanics" --Journal of Fluid Mechanics "Has lasting value as a reference text" --The International Journal of Heat and Fluid FlowTable of ContentsIdeal Fluids; Turbulence; Thermal conduction in fluids; Surface phenomena; Shock waves; Two-dimensional gas flow; Fluid dynamics of combustion; Dynamics of superfluids; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 INTRODUCTION Learning Objectives 1.1 Characteristics of Fluids 1.2 Dimensions, Dimensional Homogeneity, and Units 1.3 Analysis of Fluid Behavior 1.4 Measures of Fluid Mass and Weight 1.5 Ideal Gas Law 1.6 Viscosity 1.7 Compressibility of Fluids 1.8 Vapor Pressure 1.9 Surface Tension 1.10 A Brief Look Back in History CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 2 FLUID STATICS Learning Objectives 2.1 Pressure at a Point 2.2 Basic Equation for Pressure Field 2.3 Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest 2.4 Standard Atmosphere 2.5 Measurement of Pressure 2.6 Manometry 2.7 Mechanical and Electronic Pressure Measuring Devices 2.8 Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface and Pressure Diagram 2.9 Hydrostatic Force on a Curved Surface 2.10 Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability 2.11 Pressure Variation in a Fluid with Rigid Body Motion 2.12 Equilibrium of moving fluids (Special case of Fluid Statics CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 3 FLUID KINEMATICS Learning Objectives 3.1 The Velocity Field 3.2 The Acceleration Field 3.3 Control Volume and System Representations 3.4 The Reynolds Transport Theorem CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 4 ELEMENTARY FLUID DYNAMICS--THE BERNOULLI EQUATION Learning Objectives 4.1 Newton’s Second Law 4.2 F = ma along a Streamline 4.3 F = ma Normal to a Streamline 4.4 Physical Interpretations and Alternate Forms of the Bernoulli Equation 4.5 Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure 4.6 Applications of Bernoulli Equation 4.7 The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Grade Line 4.8 Restrictions on Use of the Bernoulli Equation CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 5 FINITE CONTROL VOLUME ANALYSIS Learning Objectives 5.1 Conservation of Mass--The Continuity Equation 5.2 Newton’s Second Law--The Linear Momentum and Moment of Momentum Equations 5.3 First Law of Thermodynamics--The Energy Equation CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 6 DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW Learning Objectives 6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics 6.2 Conservation of Mass 6.3 The Linear Momentum Equation 6.4 Inviscid Flow 6.5 Some Basic, Plane Potential Flows 6.6 Superposition of Basic, Plane Potential Flows 6.7 Other Aspects of Potential Flow 6.8 Viscous Flow 6.9 Some Simple Solutions for Laminar, Viscous, Incompressible Flows 6.10 Other Aspects of Differential Analysis CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 7. DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND MODEL SIMILITUDE Learning Objectives 7.1 The Need for Dimensional Analysis 7.2 Buckingham Pi Theorem 7.3 Determination of Pi Terms 7.4 Some Directions about Dimensional Analysis 7.5 Determination of Pi Terms by Inspection 7.6 Common Dimensionless Groups in Fluid Mechanics 7.7 Correlation of Experimental Data 7.8 Modeling and Similitude 7.9 Typical Model Studies CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 8 VISCOUS FLOW IN PIPES Learning Objectives 8.1 General Characteristics of Pipe Flow 8.2 Fully Developed Laminar Flow 8.3 Fully Developed Turbulent Flow 8.4 Pipe Flow Losses via Dimensional Analysis 8.5 Pipe Flow Examples 8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 9 FLOW OVER IMMERSED BODIES Learning Objectives 9.1 General External Flow Characteristics 9.2 Drag 9.3 Lift 9.4 Boundary Layer Characteristics CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 10 OPEN CHANNEL FLOW Learning Objectives 10.1 General Characteristics of Open Channel Flow 10.2 Surface Waves 10.3 Energy Considerations 10.4 Uniform Flow 10.5 Most Efficient Channel Section 10.6 Gradually Varied Flow 10.7 Rapidly Varied Flow CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 11 COMPRESSIBLE FLOW Learning Objectives 11.1 Ideal Gas Thermodynamics 11.2 Stagnation Properties 11.3 Mach Number and Speed of Sound 11.4 Compressible Flow Regimes 11.5 Shock Waves 11.6 Isentropic Flow 11.7 One Dimensional Flow in a Variable Area Duct 11.8 Constant Area Duct Flow with Friction 11.9 Frictionless Flow in a Constant Area Duct with Heating or Cooling 11.10 Analogy Between Compressible and Open Channel Flows 11.11 Two Dimensional Supersonic Flow 11.12 Effects of Compressibility in External Flow CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS 12 TURBOMACHINES Learning Objectives 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Basic Energy Considerations 12.3 Angular Momentum Considerations 12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 12.5 Axial Flow and Mixed Flow Pumps 12.6 Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws 12.7 Turbines 12.8 Fans 12.9 Compressible Flow Turbomachines CHAPTER SUMMARY AND STUDY GUIDE KEY EQUATIONS REFERENCES PROBLEMS APPENDIX A Computational Fluid Dynamics APPENDIX B Physical Properties of Fluids APPENDIX C Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere APPENDIX D Compressible Flow Functions for an Ideal Gas with k = 1.4 APPENDIX E Comprehensive Table of Conversion Factors INDEX

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTrade Review“Impressive. ... Finely honed. ... Technically astute. ... Offers insight into the challenges faced by daring men who conquered the ‘demon.’” — Aviation History “Chasing the Demon flows very smoothly and tells a great story about the pioneers of high-speed flight, primarily from the pilots’ perspective.” — JOHN D. ANDERSON, JR., curator of aerodynamics at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis new edition is a comprehensive update of Introduction to Microfluidics, showing the fundamentals of the technology, providing concepts and methods for understanding, designing and microfabricating microfluidics devices.Trade ReviewA unique book, combining an unusually broad view of the field with a solid understanding of science and engineering fundamentals. There has been an explosion in the number and type of applications, and the additions and re-written portions add a lot of value. * Howard Stone, Princeton University *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Physics at the microscale 3: Hydrodynamics of microuidics 1: channels 4: Hydrodynamics of microuidics 2: droplets 5: Transport in microuidics 6: Electrokinetics 7: An introduction to microfabrication Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisLectures on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics offers an introduction to several topics in theoretical geophysical fluid dynamics, including the theory of large-scale ocean circulation, geostrophic turbulence, and Hamiltonian fluid dynamics. The book is based on an introductory course in dynamical oceanography offered to first-year graduate students at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Each chapter is a self-contained introduction ti its particular subject, and makes few specific references to other chapters. Chapters 1 examines the relationship between the molecular and continuum models of the fluid, and between the Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of the latter. Ch.2 is a broad introduction to the fluid dynamics of rotating, stratified flows. Ch.3 adddresses large-scale ocean circulation. Chs.4,5 and 6 discuss the theory of turbulence, including elementary ideas based on vorticity laws (Ch.4), statistical turbulence theory (Ch.5), and the applications of these ideas to quasigeostrophiTrade Review'The book provides an excellent course for graduate students in applied mathematics or mathematical oceanography or meterology. It can be used fruitfully by researchers in related areas who would like to learn about a field of physics that generates intriguing and cha,lenging mathematical problems...It is also likely to become a significant reference book for the subject' SIAM ReviewTable of Contents1. Fundamentals ; 2. Introduction to Geophysical Fluid Dyunamics ; 3. Non-inertial Theory of Ocean Circulation ; 4. Vorticity and Turbulence ; 5. Statistical Fluid Dynamics ; 6. Geostropic Turbulence ; 7. Hamiltonian Fluid Dynamics

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis title is an introduction to the mathematical analysis of p- and hp-finite elements applied to elliptic problems in solid and fluid mechanics, and is suitable for graduate students and researchers who have had some prior exposure to finite element methods (FEM).Trade Review'Summarizing the book is the first theoretical book addressing the hp-version of the finite element method which is used today in practical computations. It is very well written and gives a very good review of the techniques and results in this relatively new direction in the FEM. It is highly recommended to anybody with mathematical interest for both learning and reference' ZAMMTable of ContentsVariational formulation of boundary value problems ; The Finite Element Method (FEM): definition, basic properties ; hp- Finite Elements in one dimension ; hp- Finite Elements in two dimensions ; Finite Element analysis of saddle point problems, mixed hp-FEM in incompressible fluid flow ; hp-FEM in the theory of elasticity

Read more less

Book SynopsisPresents an account of the development of laminar boundary layer theory as a historical study. This book includes a description of the application of the ideas of triple deck theory to flow past a plate, to separation from a cylinder and to flow in channels. It is intended to provide a graduate level teaching resource.Trade ReviewThis book provides various physical/engineering/historical insights on this topic. * EMS *Sobey includes recent work in a seamless manner ... a very readable book. * New Scientist *

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a comprehensive discussion of the dynamical properties of simple liquids at a microscopic level. It presents experimental data and establishes a theoretical framework. This framework is then used as a basis for a modern version of kinetic theory and its applications.Trade ReviewThe result is a clear, carefully worded and pedagogically satisfactory text, which is practically self-contained for a reader with a basic knowledge of statistical and fluid mechanics. ....Balucani and Zoppi have produced a competent and clearly written text... * Jean-Pierre Hansen, Oxford University, UK, Physics World, May 1995 *...the book is a useful addition to the specialized literature, offering a comprehensive and diligent account of a limited area of research, at its current level of development. It should be useful to beginners for complementary reading after broader introductions to the liquid state of matter. * Libri Ricevuti E Recensioni, 1996 *Table of Contents1. The basic dynamical quantitites ; 2. The experimental side ; 3. General theoretical framework ; 4. Generalized kinetic theory ; 5. Single-particle properties ; 6. Collective properties ; Appendices ; Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisMany diverse materials, from man-made plastics to slurry, behave in ways that cannot be predicted using straightforward 'classical' equations. This book seeks to describe and quantify these behaviours for use in industry. There is an emphasis on the practical solution of problems using computer methods, and on the correlation between theory and experimental work.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book provides a practical guide to molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation techniques used in the modelling of simple and complex liquids. Computer simulation is an essential tool in studying the chemistry and physics of condensed matter, complementing and reinforcing both experiment and theory. Simulations provide detailed information about structure and dynamics, essential to understand the many fluid systems that play a key role in our daily lives: polymers, gels, colloidal suspensions, liquid crystals, biological membranes, and glasses. The second edition of this pioneering book aims to explain how simulation programs work, how to use them, and how to interpret the results, with examples of the latest research in this rapidly evolving field. Accompanying programs in Fortran and Python provide practical, hands-on, illustrations of the ideas in the text.Trade ReviewThis new edition is a welcome update and has kept the strengths of the first edition and been thoroughly refreshed and expanded for the modern age. Whilst there is now much more competition for a textbook such as this, the new edition stands head-and-shoulders above the others and is therefore strongly recommended. * Matt Probert, Contemporary Physics *Table of Contents1: Introduction 2: Statistical mechanics 3: Molecular dynamics 4: Monte Carlo methods 5: Some tricks of the trade 6: Long-range forces 7: Parallel simulation 8: How to analyse the results 9: Advanced Monte Carlo methods 10: Rare event simulation 11: Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics 12: Mesoscale methods 13: Quantum simulations 14: Inhomogeneous fluids App. A Computers and computer simulation App. B Reduced units App. C Calculation of forces and torques App. D Fourier transforms and series App. E Random numbers App. F Configurational temperature

Read more less

Book SynopsisMicrofluidics is a young and rapidly expanding scientific discipline, which deals with fluids and solutions in miniaturized systems, the so-called lab-on-a-chip systems. It has applications in chemical engineering, pharmaceutics, biotechnology and medicine. As the lab-on-a-chip systems grow in complexity, a proper theoretical understanding becomes increasingly important. The basic idea of the book is to provide a self-contained formulation of the theoretical framework of microfluidics, and at the same time give physical motivation and examples from lab-on-a-chip technology. After three chapters introducing microfluidics, the governing equations for mass, momentum and energy, and some basic flow solutions, the following 14 chapters treat hydraulic resistance/compliance, diffusion/dispersion, time-dependent flow, capillarity, electro- and magneto-hydrodynamics, thermal transport, two-phase flow, complex flow patterns and acousto-fluidics, as well as the new fields of opto- and nano-fluidTrade ReviewAn excellent text, very well written and pedagogically sound. Clear, concise, and complete, it explains the theoretical framework of microfluidics to a broad audience. * Kari Dalnoki-Veress, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario *Written in a highly pedagogical style. The reader, whether graduate, undergraduate or researcher will find this book extremely useful. * Patrick Tabeling, ESPCI Paris *The field is rapidly evolving to the point where it will become valuable, and indeed necessary, to do calculations to design real devices. This book offers a prescription for doing this. * David Weitz, Harvard University *Table of Contents1. Basic concepts in microfluidics ; 2. Governing equations ; 3. Basic flow solutions ; 4. Hydraulic resistance and compliance ; 5. Diffusion ; 6. Time-dependent flow ; 7. Capillary effects ; 8. Electrohydrodynamics ; 9. Electroosmosis ; 10. Dielectrophoresis ; 11. Magnetophoresis ; 12. Thermal transfer ; 13. Two-phase flow ; 14. Complex flow patterns ; 15. Acoustofluidics ; 16. Optofluidics ; 17. Nanofluidics ; Appendices

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe first of its kind, this book is an in-depth history of hydrodynamics from its eighteenth-century foundations to its first major successes in twentieth-century hydraulics and aeronautics. It documents the foundational role of fluid mechanics in developing a new mathematical physics. It gives full and clear accounts of the conceptual breakthroughs of physicists and engineers who tried to meet challenges in the practical worlds of hydraulics, navigation, blood circulation, meteorology, and aeronautics, and it shows how hydrodynamics at last began to fulfill its early promise to unify the different worlds of flow. Richly illustrated, technically thorough, and sensitive to cross-cultural effects, this history should attract a broad range of historians, scientists, engineers, and philosophers and be a standard reference for anyone interested in fluid mechanics.Trade ReviewThis book deserves a place in every university library, and it will surely be read with much interest, and some surprise, by many applied mathematicians. * Alex D.D. Craik, University of St Andrews, The London Mathematical Society Newsletter 2006 *The book is a valuable contribution to its subject and is likely to provide new and perhaps useful insights to those studying fluid dynamics. It is well written and produced. * D.H. Peregrine, Mathematical Reviews *By presenting in detail the interactions between many mathematicians and engineers, and by emphasizing the different styles characteristic of scientists in different countries, Darrigol has provided a fascinating insight into the development of hydrodynamics. * J. Stewart Turner, Australian National University, Canberra, August 2006, Physics World 2006 *A fascinating and well written book. * Meccanica 2007 *Table of Contents1. The dynamical equations ; 2. Water waves ; 3. Viscosity ; 4. Vortices ; 5. Instability ; 6. Turbulence ; 7. Drag and lift

Read more less

Book SynopsisIn this second volume the reader is introduced to asymptotic methods. These are now an inherent part of applied mathematics, and are used in different branches of physics, but it was fluid dynamics where asymptotic techniques were first introduced.Table of Contents1. Perturbation Methods ; 2. Asymptotic Problems of Subsonic Flow Theory ; 3. Supersonic Flows past Thin Aerfoils ; 4. Transonic Flows ; 5. Hypersonic Flows ; 6. Low-Reynold-Number Flows

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvances in Flowmeter Technology surveys the full range of modern flowmeters for product managers, strategic planners, engineers, distributors, and students. The origins, principles of operation,controls and instrumentation, and the relative advantages of each major flowmeter type are thoroughly explained. Extensive coverage of new types that employ cutting-edge technologies - such as coriolis, magnetic, ultrasonic, vortex, thermal flowmeters - is provided. The text includes comparative examples, placing these new types of meters in the context of more traditional ones, such as differential pressure, turbine, and positive displacement flowmeters.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis textbook presents the basic methods, numerical schemes, and algorithms of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Readers will learn to compose MATLAB programs to solve realistic fluid flow problems.Newer research results on the stability and boundedness of various numerical schemes are incorporated. The book emphasizes large eddy simulation (LES) in the chapter on turbulent flow simulation besides the two-equation models. Volume of fraction (VOF) and level-set methods are the focus of the chapter on two-phase flows.The textbook was written for a first course in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) taken by undergraduate students in a Mechanical Engineering major.Access the Support Materials: https://www.routledge.com/9780367687298.Table of ContentsChapter 1 Essence of Fluid Dynamics Chapter 2 Finite Difference and Finite Volume Methods Chapter 3 Numerical Schemes Chapter 4 Numerical Algorithms Chapter 5 Navier–Stokes Solution Methods Chapter 6 Unstructured Mesh Chapter 7 Multiphase Flow Chapter 8 Turbulent Flow

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Affordable Housing Reader brings together classic works and contemporary writing on the themes and debates that have animated the field of affordable housing policy as well as the challenges in achieving the goals of policy on the ground. The Reader  aimed at professors, students, and researchers  provides an overview of the literature on housing policy and planning that is both comprehensive and interdisciplinary. It is particularly suited for graduate and undergraduate courses on housing policy offered to students of public policy and city planning.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe manipulation of fluids in channels with dimensions in the range from tens to hundreds of micrometers microfluidics has recently emerged as a new field of science and technology. Microfluidics has applications spanning analytical chemistry, organic and inorganic synthesis, cell biology, optics and information technology.Trade Review"I highly recommend this volume to all colleagues interested in the preparation of polymer micro- and nanoparticles with unusual properties. The authors have done a fabulous job compiling all relevant works, showing the state of the art in this fascinating interdisciplinary area between particle synthesis, microfluidics and several other fields of application." (Materials Views, 2 August 2011) Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Applications of Polymer Particles. References. 2 Methods for the Generation of Polymer Particles. 2.1 Conventional Methods Used for Producing Polymer Particles. 2.2 Microfluidic Generation of Polymer Particles. References. 3 Introduction to Microfluidics. 3.1 Microfluidics. 3.2 Droplet Microfluidics. References. 4 Physics of Microfluidic Emulsification. 4.1 Energy of the Interfaces Between Immiscible Fluids. 4.2 Surfactants. 4.3 Interfacial Tension. 4.4 Laplace Pressure. 4.5 Rayleigh–Plateau Instability. 4.6 Wetting of a Solid Surface. 4.7 Analysis of Flow. 4.8 Flow in Networks of Microchannels. 4.9 Dimensional Groups. References. 5 Formation of Droplets in Microfluidic Systems. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Microfluidic Generators of Droplets and Bubbles. 5.3 T-Junction. 5.4 Formation of Droplets and Bubbles in Microfluidic Flow-Focusing Devices. 5.5 Practical Guidelines for the Use of Microfluidic Devices for Formation of Droplets. 5.6 Designing Droplets. 5.7 Conclusions. References. 6 High-Throughput Microfluidic Systems for Formation of Droplets. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Effects that Modify the Pressure Distribution. 6.3 Hydrodynamic Coupling. 6.4 Integrated Systems. 6.5 Parallel Formation of Droplets of Distinct Properties. 6.6 Conclusions. References. 7 Synthesis of Polymer Particles in Microfluidic Reactors. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Particles Synthesized by Free-Radical Polymerization. 7.3 Polymer Particles Synthesized by Polycondensation. 7.4 Combination of Free-Radical Polymerization and Polycondensation Reactions. 7.5 General Considerations on the Use of Other Polymerization Mechanisms. 7.6 Important Aspects of Microfluidic Polymerization of Polymer Particles. 7.7 Synthesis of Composite Particles. References. 8 Microfluidic Production of Hydrogel Particles. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Methods Used for the Production of Polymer Microgels. 8.3 Microfluidic Synthesis and Assembly of Polymer Microgels. 8.4 Microfluidic Encapsulation of Bioactive Species in a Microgel Interior. References. 9 Polymer Capsules. 9.1 Polymer Capsules with Dimensions in Micrometer Size Range. 9.2 Microfluidic Methods for the Generation of Polymer Capsules. 9.3 Emerging Applications of Polymer Capsules Produced by Microfluidic Methods. References. 10 Microfluidic Synthesis of Polymer Particles with Non-Conventional Shapes. 10.1 Generation of Particles with Non-Spherical Shapes. 10.2 Synthesis of Janus and Triphasic Particles. 10.3 Other Particles with “Non-Conventional” Morphologies. References. Summary and Outlook. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisProviding new students and practitioners with an easy-to-understand introduction to the theory and practice an often complicated subject, Introduction to Polymer Rheology incorporates worked problems and problems with appended answers to provide opportunities for review and further learning of more advanced concepts.Trade Review“The book is written in a relaxed style and targeted at students which do not yet have a background in transport phenomena, linear algebra, differential equations and numerical analysis, thus bridging a gap to mathematically much more demanding text books on rheology which e.g. use short hand tensor notation.” (Applied Rheology, 1 October 2013)Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION A. Polymers and the importance of rheology B. Rheology in its simplest form Problems Suggested references, with commentary 2. STRESS A. Stress and pressure B. Organization of the stress components C. Coping with subscripts D. Typical stress tensors Appendix 2-1: Compilation of equations of motion (ssc) Appendix 2-2: Equations of motion—curvilinear quick list (ssc) Problems References 3. VELOCITY, VELOCITY GRADIENT AND RATE OF DEFORMATION A. Why velocity is simpler than location—Speedometers vs. GPS B. Velocity gradients C. Rate of deformation Appendix 3-1: Components of the rate-of-deformation tensor Appendix 3-2: Components of the continuity equation Appendix 3-3: Nomenclature and sign conventions used in popular rheology texts Problems References 4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND RATE OF DEFORMATION: THE NEWTONIAN FLUID A Material idealizations in rheology B. The Newtonian fluid Problems References 5. GENERALIZED NEWTONIAN FLUIDS — A SMALL BUT IMPORTANT STEP TOWARD A DESCRIPTION OF REAL BEHAVIOR FOR POLYMERS A. Reasons for inventing generalized Newtonian fluids — behavior of polymer melts B. Generalizing the GNF to three dimensions C. Inventing relationships for viscosity vs. shear rate D. Short primer on finding GNF parameters from data E. Summary of GNF characteristics Appendix 5-1: Fitting data with Excel Problems References 6. NORMAL STRESSES—ORDINARY BEHAVIOR FOR POLYMERS A. Introduction B. What are normal stresses C. Origin of normal stresses in simple shear D. The second normal-stress difference E. Normal-stress coefficients and empirical findings F. Transient rheological functions D. Temperature effects and superposition of steady-flow data Problems References 7. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS A. Measurement of viscosity B. Normal stresses from shearing flows C. Extensional rheology D. Specialized geometries E. Flow visualization and other rheo-optical methods F. Micro and nano rheology Appendix 7-1: Numerical derivatives Appendix 7-2: Velocity-profile correction for non-Newtonian fluids Appendix 7-3: Incorporation of slip into the velocity-profile correction— the Mooney correction Appendix 7-4: Normal stresses using the cone-and-plate geometry Appendix 7-5: Desktop rheo-optical experiment Problems References 8. STRAIN, SMALL AND LARGE A. Displacement B. Infinitesimal strain C. Hookean solids D. Finite strain E. The Lodge elastic fluid and variants F. The Cauchy strain measure G. Fixing up integral equations based on C and C-1 Appendix 8-1: The relaxation function Appendix 8-2: Constant-rate extension of the LEF Problems References 9. MOLECULAR ORIGINS OF RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR A. Description of polymer molecules B. The Rouse chain—a limited description of polymer behavior C. Other chain-like models D. Dealing with entanglements E. Summary of predictions of molecular theory Problems References 10. ELEMENTARY POLYMER PROCESSING CONCEPTS A. Simple laboratory processing methods B. Elementary extrusion concepts C. A downstream process—spinning D. Summary Appendix 10-1: Densities of melts at elevated temperatures Problems References 11. QUALITY-CONTROL RHEOLOGY A. Examples of methods used by various industries B. Test precision Appendix 11-1: ASTM tests methods for rheological characterization Problems References 12. FLOW OF MODIFIED POLYMERS AND POLYMERS WITH SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE A. Polymers filled with particulates B. Liquid crystallinity and rheology C. Polymers with microphase separation in melts or solutions D. Covalent crosslinking of polymers Appendix 12-1: Van 't Hoff equation applied to gelation Problems References ANSWERS TO SELECTED PROBLEMS

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book covers the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations, and their applications in engineered and natural porous media for general applications. This book is an important text for graduate courses in various disciplines involving fluids in porous materials and a useful reference book.Table of ContentsPreface xv About the Author xix Chapter 1. Overview 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Synopses of Topics Covered in Various Chapters 3 Chapter 2. Transport Properties of Porous Media 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Permeability of Porous Media Based on the Bundle of Tortuous Leaky-Tube Model 10 2.3 Permeability of Porous Media Undergoing Alteration by Scale Deposition 33 2.4 Temperature Effect of Permeability 44 2.5 Effects of Other Factors on Permeability 54 2.6 Exercises 54 Chapter 3. Macroscopic Transport Equations 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 REV 58 3.3 Volume-Averaging Rules 59 3.4 Mass-Area Averaging Rules 67 3.5 Surface Area Averaging Rules 68 3.6 Applications of Volume and Surface Averaging Rules 68 3.7 Double Decomposition for Turbulent Processes in Porous Media 70 3.8 Tortuosity Effect 73 3.9 Macroscopic Transport Equations by Control Volume Analysis 74 3.10 Generalized Volume-Averaged Transport Equations 76 3.11 Exercises 76 Chapter 4. Scaling and Correlation of Transport in Porous Media 79 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Dimensional and Inspectional Analysis Methods 81 4.3 Scaling 84 4.4 Exercises 92 Chapter 5. Fluid Motion in Porous Media 97 5.1 Introduction 97 5.2 Flow Potential 98 5.3 Modification of Darcy’s Law for Bulk- versus Fluid Volume Average Pressures 99 5.4 Macroscopic Equation of Motion from the Control Volume Approach and Dimensional Analysis 102 5.5 Modification of Darcy’s Law for the Threshold Pressure Gradient 105 5.6 Convenient Formulations of the Forchheimer Equation 108 5.7 Determination of the Parameters if the Forchheimer Equation 111 5.8 Flow Demarcation Criteria 115 5.9 Entropy Generation in Porous Media 117 5.10 Viscous Dissipation on Porous Media 123 5.11 Generalized Darcy’s Law by Control Volume Analysis 124 5.12 Equation of Motion for Non-Newtonian Fluids 134 5.13 Exercises 138 Chapter 6. Gas Transport in Tight Porous Media 145 6.1 Introduction 145 6.2 Gas Glow through a Capillary Hydraulic Tube 146 6.3 Relationship between Transports Expressed on Different Bases 147 6.4 The Mean Free Path of Molecules: FHS versus VHS 149 6.5 The Knudsen Number 150 6.6 Flow Regimes and Gas Transport as Isothermal Conditions 152 6.7 Gas Transport at Nonisothermal Conditions 159 6.8 Unified Hagen-Poiseuille-Type Equation fro Apparent Gas Permeability 160 6.9 Single-Component Gas Glow 165 6.10 Multicomponent Gas Flow 166 6.11 Effect of Different Flow Regimes in a Capillary Flow Path and the Extended Klinkenberg Equation 168 6.12 Effect of Pore Size Distribution on Gas Flow through Porous Media 170 6.13 Exercises 174 Chapter 7. Fluid Transport Through Porous Media 177 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 Coupling Single-Phase Mass and Momentum Balance Equations 178 7.3 Cylindrical Leaky-Tank Reservoir Model Including the Non-Darcy Effect 179 7.4 Coupling Two-Phase Mass and Momentum Balance Equations for Immiscible Displacement 186 7.5 Potential Flow Problems in Porous Media 200 7.6 Streamline/Stream Tube Formulation and Front Tracking 205 7.7 Exercises 218 Chapter 8. Parameters of Fluid Transfer in Porous Media 227 8.1 Introduction 227 8.2 Wettability and Wettability Index 230 8.3 Capillary Pressure 231 8.4 Work of Fluid Displacement 234 8.5 Temperature Effect on Wettability-Related Properties of Porous Media 235 8.6 Direct Methods for the Determination of Porous Media Flow Functions and Parameters 238 8.7 Indirect Methods for the Determination of Porous Media Flow Functions and Parameters 259 8.8 Exercises 276 Chapter 9. Mass, Momentum, and Energy Transport in Porous Media 281 9.1 Introduction 281 9.2 Dispersive Transport of Species in Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Porous Media 282 9.3 General Multiphase Fully Compositional Nonisothermal Mixture Model 288 9.4 Formulation of Source/Sink Terms in Conservation Equations 292 9.5 Isothermal Black Oil Model of a Nonvolatile Oil System 295 9.6 Isothermal Limited Compositional Model of a Volatile Oil System 298 9.7 Flow of Gas and Vaporizing Water Phases in the Near-Wellbore Region 299 9.8 Flow of Condensate and Gas Phase Containing Noncondensable Gas Species in the Near-Wellbore Region 301 9.9 Shape-Averaged Formulations 305 9.10 Conductive Heat Transfer with Phase Change 307 9.11 Simultaneous Phase Transition and Transport in Porous Media Containing Gas Hydrates 328 9.12 Modeling Nonisothermal Hydrocarbon Fluid Flow Considering Expansion/Compression and Joule-Thomson Effects 338 9.13 Exercises 346 Chapter 10. Suspended Particulate Transport in Porous Media 353 10.1 Introduction 353 10.2 Deep-Bed Filtration under Nonisothermal Conditions 355 10.3 Cake Filtration over an Effective Filter 370 10.4 Exercises 379 Chapter 11. Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media 383 11.1 Introduction 383 11.2 Transport Units and Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media 385 11.3 Models for Transport in Fissured/Fractured Porous Media 388 11.4 Species Transport in Fractured Porous Media 394 11.5 Immiscible Displacement in Naturally Fractured Porous Media 396 11.6 Method of Weighted Sum (Quadrature) Numerical Solutions 410 11.7 Finite Difference Numerical Solution 415 11.8 Exercises 425 References 429 Index 455

Read more less

Book SynopsisConcentrating on open channel flow, this textbook enables students to grasp the fundamentals of fluid mechanics and their various applications. Physical rather than mathematical concepts are emphasized. The text has been revised to include new illustrations and the results of recent research.Table of ContentsFundamentals. Fluid Statics. Kinematics of Fluid Motion. Systems, Control Volumes, Conservation of Mass, and The ReynoldsTransport Theorem. Flow of an Incompressible Ideal Fluid. The Impulse-Momentum Principle. Flow of a Real Fluid. Similitude, Dimensional Analysis and Normalization of Equations ofMotion. Flow in Pipes. Flow in Open Channels. Lift and Drag--Incompressible Flow. Introduction to Fluid Machinery. Flow of Compressible Fluids. Fluid Measurements. Appendices. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe physics and chemistry underlying what happens at the surface of two liquid substances has applications in purification of nuclear waste, emulsion technology, textile processing, cosmetics, paper production, and mineral extraction processes.Table of ContentsTHERMODYNAMICS OF INTERFACES. Introduction to Classical Thermodynamics. Measurement of Interfacial Tension. Adsorption at Liquid Interfaces. ELECTRIFIED INTERFACES. Interfacial Potentials. Electrocapillarity. Energetics of Extraction. STRUCTURE OF INTERFACES. Interfacial Structures and Electrical Double Layers. CHEMISTRY AT LIQUID INTERFACES. Interfacial Catalysis. Light Energy Conversion at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: Artificial Photosynthetic Systems. MEMBRANES. Membrane Thermodynamics and Electrostatics. Mechanics of Interfaces. Bibliography. Appendix. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis two-volume work is detailed enough to serve as a text and comprehensive enough to stand as a reference. Volume 1, Fluid Mechanics, summarizes the key experiments that show how polymeric fluids differ from structurally simple fluids, then presents, in rough historical order, various methods for solving polymer fluid dynamics problems. Volume 2, Kinetic Theory, uses molecular models and the methods of statistical mechanics to obtain relations between bulk flow behavior and polymer structure. Includes end-of-chapter problems and extensive appendixes.Table of ContentsPOLYMER MODELS AND EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES. Mechanical Models for Polymer Molecules. Equilibrium Configurations of Polymer Molecules. ELEMENTARY APPROACH TO KINETIC THEORY. Elastic Dumbbell Models. The Rigid Dumbbell and Multibead-Rod Models. The Bead-Spring Chain Models. General Bead-Rod-Spring Models. A GENERAL PHASE-SPACE KINETIC THEORY. Phase-Space Theory of Polymeric Liquids. Phase-Space Theory for Dilute Solutions. Phase-Space Theory for Concentrated Solutions and Melts. ELEMENTARY KINETIC THEORY FOR NETWORK MODELS. Network Theories for Polymer Melts and ConcentratedSolutions. APPENDICES. Summary of Continuum Mechanics Notation and Results. Useful Mathematical Formulas. Author Index. Subject Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume contains the proceedings of the 2nd French-Russian Workshop on Experiment, Modelisation, Computation in Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, held in Sophia-Antipolis, France, in 1993. Contributors from the fields of experimental and computational fluid mechanics present the latest advances.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: A Mortar Element Method for an Approximate Navier-Stokes Solver (Y.Achdou, et al.). Recent Shock Tube and Shock Tunnel Studies Using the MarseilleFacilities (R. Brun). Chemical Non-Equilibrium Flows: Precision of Calculations withEmphasis on Diffusion Approximations (G. Duffa, et al.). Dissipative Implicit Centred Methods for MultidimensionalHyperbolic Problems (A. Lerat). The Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Separated Flows (A.Antonov). Kinetically Consistent Finite Difference Schemes and TheirApplication to Transient Flow Prediction (B. Chetverushkin). Numerical Simulation of Compressible Gas Flow (Yu.Golovachov). Real-Gas Effects on Rarefied Hypersonic Flow Over a Concave Body(M. Ivanov, et al.). Numerical and Asymptotic Investigation of 3D Non-Uniform ViscousGas Flows Over Bodies with Permeable Surface (S. Peigin). Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisCurrent CFD problems of interest are typically of a large-scalenature, characterized by a size and complexity demanding thecombined efforts of interdisciplinary teams from engineering,mathematics, computer science and physics. This book thus groups aprestigious cross-section of internationally known scientistsinvited to expound on the following themes: * Algorithms for vector, parallel and virtual-parallelarchitectures * Algorithms for massively parallel architectures * Convergence enhancement techniques, namely preconditionedinterative methods for implicit or fully-coupled approaches * Convergence enhancement techniques, such as defect correction,multigrid, formulation preconditioning and zonal methods * Application of these techniques to large-scale CFD analysis anddesign. This book should prove equally valuable for CFD developers,practitioners and graduate students.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: CFD ALGORITHMS FOR PARALLEL AND VIRTUAL-PARALLELARCHITECTURES. Solving Large Incompressible Time-Dependent Flow Problems onScalable Parallel Systems (H. Daniels & A. Peters). CFD ALGORITHMS FOR VECTOR-PARALLEL AND MPP ARCHITECTURES. Compressible Navier-Stokes Solvers on MPPs (L. Fezoui, etal.). CONVERGENCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES 1: PRECONDITIONED ITERATIVESOLVERS FOR IMPLICIT AND FULLY-COUPLED METHODS. The Algebraic Multilevel Iteration Method: A Scalable and OptimalAlgorithm (O. Axelsson). Quasi-Minimal Residual Iterative Solvers for CFD (N. Nachtigal& B. Semeraro). CONVERGENCE ENHANCEMENT TECHNQIUES II: DEFECT CORRECTION,MULTIGRID, FORMULATION PRECONDITIONING AND ZONAL METHODS. Multigrid Methods for Turbomachinery Navier-Stokes Calculations (A.Arnone). APPLICATION TO LARGE-SCALE SIMULATION AND DESIGN INAEROSPACE. Unstructured Mesh Methods for Aerospace Applications (K. Morgan, etal.).

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume presents the underlying oceanography and mathematics necessary to understand and develop a practical system of transmitters and receivers to interpret the behaviour of the oceans. A valuable resource for oceanographers and climatologists, as well as applied mathematicians and engineers interested in applications of fluid mechanics tools.Trade Review'The authors are the leaders of the field, having worked together over the past two decades to develop it. Munk, as the godfather of tomography, has continuously pushed it to new limits. … May this excellent book help to give new impulse to this exciting technique.' Science'The choice of topics gives a complete overview of the theory underlying ocean acoustic tomography … For scientists and graduate students involved in acoustic tomography, this volume is the definitive reference.' Yves Desaubies, Journal of Fluid Mechanics'… the monograph is remarkable for the clarity in style and the handsome presentation … it is certainly a 'must' for all those working in the emerging field of acoustical oceanography.' Yves Desaubies, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and EcologyTable of Contents1. The tomography problem; 2. The forward problem (range-independent); 3. Currents; 4. The forward problem (range-dependent); 5. Observational methods; 6. The inverse problem: data oriented; 7. The inverse problem: model oriented; 8. The basin scale; Epilogue.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is targeted to graduate students and researchers at the cutting edge of investigations into the fundamental nature of multiphase flows. It is intended as a reference book for the basic methods used in the treatment of multiphase flows. The subject of multiphase flows encompasses a vast field, a host of different technological contexts, a wide spectrum of different scales, a broad range of engineering disciplines, and a multitude of different analytical approaches. The aim of Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow is to bring much of this fundamental understanding together into one book, presenting a unifying approach to the fundamental ideas of multiphase flows. The book summarizes those fundamental concepts with relevance to a broad spectrum of multiphase flows. It does not pretend to present a comprehensive review of the details of any one multiphase flow or technological context; references to such reviews are included where appropriate.Trade Review'The book is an excellent reference book for basic methods used in the treatment of multiphase flows, and it is very well written and enjoyable. It is warmly recommended to graduate students and researchers interested in modern problems concerning multiphase flows.' Zentralblatt MATHTable of Contents1. Introduction to multiphase flow; 2. Single-particle motion; 3. Bubble or droplet translation; 4. Bubble growth and collapse; 5. Cavitation; 6. Boiling and condensation; 7. Flow patterns; 8. Internal flow energy conversion; 9. Homogeneous flows; 10. Flows with bubble dynamics; 11. Flows with gas dynamics; 12. Sprays; 13. Granular flows; 14. Drift flux models; 15. System instabilities; 16. Kinematic waves.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSolitons are waves with exceptional stability properties which appear in many areas of physics. The basic properties of solitons are introduced here using examples from macroscopic physics (e.g. blood pressure pulses and fibre optical communications). The book then presents the main theoretical methods before discussing applications from solid state or atomic physics such as dislocations, excitations in spin chains, conducting polymers, ferroelectrics and BoseâEinstein condensates. Examples are also taken from biological physics and include energy transfer in proteins and DNA fluctuations. Throughout the book the authors emphasise a fresh approach to modelling nonlinearities in physics. Instead of a perturbative approach, nonlinearities are treated intrinsically and the analysis based on the soliton equations introduced in this book. Based on the authors' graduate course, this textbook gives an instructive view of the physics of solitons for students with a basic knowledge of general pTable of ContentsList of Portraits; Preface; Part I. Different Classes of Solitons: Introduction; 1. Nontopological solitons: the Korteweg-de Vries equation; 2. Topological soltitons: sine-Gordon equation; 3. Envelope solitons and nonlinear localisation: the nonlinear Schrödinger equation; 4. The modelling process: ion acoustic waves in a plasma; Part II. Mathematical Methods for the Study of Solitons: Introduction; 5. Linearisation around the soliton solution; 6. Collective coordinate method; 7. The inverse-scattering transform; Part III. Examples in Solid State and Atomic Physics: Introduction; 8. The Ferm–Pasta–Ulam problem; 9. A simple model for dislocations in crystals; 10. Ferroelectric domain walls; 11. Incommensurate phases; 12. Solitons in magnetic systems; 13. Solitons in Conducting polymers; 14. Solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates; Part IV. Nonlinear Excitations in Biological Molecules: Introduction; 15. Energy localisation and transfer in proteins; 16. Nonlinear dynamics and statistical physics of DNA; Conclusion: Physical solitons: do they exist?; Part V. Appendices: A. Derivation of the KdV equation for surface hydrodynamic waves; B. Mechanics of a continuous medium; C. Coherent states of an harmonic oscillator; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe phenomena treated in this book all depend on the action of gravity on small density differences in a non-rotating fluid. The author gives a connected account of the various motions which can be driven or influenced by buoyancy forces in a stratified fluid, including internal waves, turbulent shear flows and buoyant convection. This excellent introduction to a rapidly developing field, first published in 1973, can be used as the basis of graduate courses in university departments of meteorology, oceanography and various branches of engineering. This edition is reprinted with corrections, and extra references have been added to allow readers to bring themselves up to date on specific topics. Professor Turner is a physicist with a special interest in laboratory modelling of small-scale geophysical processes. An important feature is the superb illustration of the text with many fine photographs of laboratory experiments and natural phenomena.Table of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction and preliminaries; 2. Linear internal waves; 3. Finite amplitude motions in stably stratified fluids; 4. Instability and the production of turbulence; 5. Turbulent shear flows in a stratified fluid; 6. Buoyant convection from isolated sources; 7. Convection from heated surfaces; 8. Double-diffusive convection; 9. Mixing across density interfaces; 10. Internal mixing processes; Bibliography and author index; Recent publications; Subject index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA consolidated treatment of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics that stresses the universal status of the basic balances and the entropy imbalance. The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Continua is written for engineers, physicists and mathematicians.Trade Review"The monograph presents a detailed and complete treatment of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics" - Ion Nistor, Mathematical ReviewsTable of ContentsPart I. Vector and Tensor Algebra; Part II. Vector and Tensor Analysis; Part III. Kinematics; Part IV. Basic Mechanical Principles; Part V. Basic Thermodynamical Principles; Part VI. Mechanical and Thermodynamical Laws at a Shock Wave; Part VII. Basic Requirements for Developing Physically Meaningful Constitutive Theories; Part VIII. Rigid Heat Conductors; Part IX. The Mechanical Theory of Compressible and Incompressible Fluids; Part X. Mechanical Theory of Elastic Solids; Part XI. Thermoelasticity; Part XII. Species Diffusion Coupled to Elasticity; Part XIII. Theory of Isotropic Plastic Solids Undergoing Small Deformations; Part XIV. Small Deformation, Isotropic Plasticity Based on the Principle of Virtual Power; Part XV. Small Deformation, Isotropic Plasticity Based on the Principle of Virtual Power; Part XVI. Large-Deformation Theory of Isotropic Plastic Solids; Part XVII. Theory of Single Crystals Undergoing Small Deformations; Part XVIII. Single Crystals Undergoing Large Deformations.

Read more less

Book SynopsisIt is over three hundred and fifty years since Torricelli discovered the law obeyed by fountains, yet fluid dynamics remains an active and important branch of physics. This book provides an accessible and comprehensive account of the subject, emphasising throughout the fundamental physical principles, and stressing the connections with other branches of physics. Beginning with a gentle introduction, the book goes on to cover Bernouilli's theorem, compressible flow, potential flow, surface waves, viscosity, vorticity dynamics, thermal convection and instabilities, turbulence, non-Newtonian fluids and the propagation and attenuation of sound in gases. Undergraduate or graduate students in physics or engineering who are taking courses in fluid dynamics will find this book invaluable, but it will also be of great interest to anyone who wants to find out more about this fascinating subject.Trade Review'Faber's textbook fulfills a double need: to inform the student at a suitable level, and to allow the fascination of the visual phenomena of windmills and wind ruffled lakes to remain … highly recommended.' A. D. Andrews, Irish Astronomical Journal'Overall I enjoyed reading the book and found some of the novel approaches informative and insightful.' Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society'The author hopes his book will be read for pleasure. I believe it will be. It is very nicely presented and his alternative view point is a welcome addition to the other introductory books on the subject.' P. F. Linden, Journal of Fluid Mechanics'… Faber's book will serve as a welcome complement for the teaching of fluid mechanics at the undergraduate and beginning graduate level. The text book will also function as a convenient entry point to fluid dynamics for physicists that are new comers to the field.' Y. Couder, European Journal of Mechanics'… an attractive and readable book.' N. C. Freeman, Contemporary PhysicsTable of ContentsPreface; 1. A bird's-eye view; 2. The Euler fluid; 3. Gas dynamics; 4. Potential flow; 5. Surface waves; 6. Viscosity; 7. Vorticity; 8. Instabilities; 9. Turbulence; 10. Non-Newtonian fluids; Appendix: one-dimensional sound waves in gases.

Read more less

Book SynopsisHigh-order numerical methods provide an efficient approach to simulating many physical problems. This book considers the range of mathematical, engineering, and computer science topics that form the foundation of high-order numerical methods for the simulation of incompressible fluid flows in complex domains. Introductory chapters present high-order spatial and temporal discretizations for one-dimensional problems. These are extended to multiple space dimensions with a detailed discussion of tensor-product forms, multi-domain methods, and preconditioners for iterative solution techniques. Numerous discretizations of the steady and unsteady Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations are presented, with particular attention given to enforcement of incompressibility. Advanced discretizations, implementation issues, and parallel and vector performance are considered in the closing sections. Numerous examples are provided throughout to illustrate the capabilities of high-order methods in actual appTrade Review'This interesting book presents the range of certain mathematical, engineering as well as computer science topics that are the foundation of high-order numerical methods for the simulation of incompressible fluid flows in complex domains. The present book is an excellent advanced textbook and a valuable reference on high-order methods applied to incompressible fluid flow problems. It is warmly recommended to computer scientists, engineers, and applied mathematicians interested in developing software for solving flow problems. It is also recommended to graduate students that have a background in fluid mechanics and numerical methods.' Mirela Kohr, Faculty of Mathematics'The book is clearly written, with a good distribution of helpful figures and some pseudo-code to help unravel certain aspects of the algorithms … overall this book makes a strong contribution which enhances the available literature on this topic and endeavours to make spectral element methods more accessible to the general practitioner.' Classical and Quantum Gravity'… strongly recommended for engineers, computer scientists, and applied mathematicians who are interested in the numerical simulation of flow problems with high accuracy.' Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und MechanikTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Fluid mechanics and computation: an introduction; 2. Approximation methods for elliptic problems; 3. Parabolic and hyperbolic problems; 4. Mutidimensional problems; 5. Steady Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations; 6. Unsteady Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations; 7. Domain decomposition; 8. Vector and parallel implementations; Appendix A. Preliminary mathematical concepts; Appendix B. Orthogonal polynomials and discrete transforms.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA good working knowledge of fluid mechanics and plasma physics is essential for the modern astrophysicist. This graduate textbook provides a clear, pedagogical introduction to these core subjects. Assuming an undergraduate background in physics, this book develops fluid mechanics and plasma physics from first principles. This book is unique because it presents neutral fluids and plasmas in a unified scheme, clearly indicating both their similarities and their differences. Also, both the macroscopic (continuum) and microscopic (particle) theories are developed, establishing the connections between them. Throughout, key examples from astrophysics are used, though no previous knowledge of astronomy is assumed. Exercises are included at the end of chapters to test the reader's understanding. This textbook is aimed primarily at astrophysics graduate students. It will also be of interest to advanced students in physics and applied mathematics seeking a unified view of fluid mechanics and plaTrade Review'I'd not hesitate to recommend [this] book to anybody with an interest in fluids or plasmas … superbly written … [an] original textbook which should quickly become a bestseller.' Uriel Frisch, CNRS, Observatoire de Nice'[This] book provides a comprehensive introduction both to fluid dynamics and to plasma physics, with many astrophysical examples. Here at last is an excellent textbook for a theoretical course, at graduate level, in plasma astrophysics.' Nigel O. Weiss, FRS, University of Cambridge'The text is unique in combining the essential formal calculations with the simple physical concepts to give the reader an intuitive grasp of the dynamical phenomena of the active astonomical universe … The new student, as well as the experienced research worker, will find this textbook useful and instructive.' Eugene Parker, University of Chicago'… it is rare to find a textbook that is such a pleasure to read.' S. M. Tobias, Journal of Fluid Mechanics'This is a delightful book, largely because of the author's evident enthusiasm for the subject. It is a pleasure to find such potentially messy subjects as plasma physics and hydrodynamics presented as a unified whole with the grand themes well brought out. The text is strong on physical insight and clarity of exposition … this is an excellent book … A copy should be available on the bookshelves of every astrophysics research group.' A. R. Bell, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College'This is an excellent book. The author has that rare gift of being able to make a complex subject seem not only straightforward but also fascinating … an absolute bargain at the price.' Moira Jardine, The Observatory'I enjoyed reading this book, and found the author's viewpoints fresh and interesting. He manages to entertain the reader and succeeds in conveying the essentials of the subject simultaneously. It is a rare textbook that is as well written and presented as this.' Current Science'The book is well written, covering quite a large number of topics in a clear and pleasant style which makes enjoyable reading … The student who reads this book will successfully gain a very good understanding of many, often referred to, astrophysical topics.' R. M. Kulsrud, Nuclear FusionTable of ContentsIntroduction; Part I. Neutral Fluids: 2. Boltzmann equation; 3. March towards hydrodynamics; 4. Properties of ideal fluids; 5. Viscous flows; 6. Gas dynamics; 7. Linear theory of waves and instabilities; 8. Turbulence; 9. Rotation and hydrodynamics; Part II. Plasmas: 10. Plasma orbit theory; 11. Dynamics of many charged particles; 12. Collisionless processes in plasmas; 13. Collisional processes and the one-fluid model; 14. Basic magnetohydrodynamics; 15. Theory of magnetic topologies; 16. Dynamo theory; Appendices: A. Useful vector relations; B. Integrals in kinetic theory; C. Formulae and equations in cylindrical and spherical coordinates; D. Values of various quantities; E. Basic parameters pertaining to plasmas; Suggestions for further reading; References.

Read more less

Book SynopsisFirst published in 1967, Professor Batchelor's classic text on fluid dynamics is still one of the foremost texts in the subject. The careful presentation of the underlying theories of fluids is still timely and applicable. This re-issue should ensure that a new generation of graduate students see the elegance of Professor Batchelor's presentation.Trade Review'This book gives an excellent introduction to fluid dynamics … many interesting and important photographs of fluid flows are included in order to help the students who do not have an opportunity of observing flow phenomena in a laboratory. The book also contains exercises at the end of each chapter. In comparison with many currently available books, I find this book by Batchelor especially stimulating and useful for students of applied mathematics and engineering.' L. Debnath, Zentralblatt MATH' … a must-read for a proper understanding of the subject …' ResonanceTable of ContentsPreface; Conventions and notation; 1. The physical properties of fluids; 2. Kinematics of the flow field; 3. Equations governing the motion of a fluid; 4. Flow of a uniform incompressible viscous fluid; 5. Flow at large Reynolds number: effects of viscosity; 6. Irrotational flow theory and its applications; 7. Flow of effectively inviscid liquid with vorticity; Appendices.

Read more less

Book SynopsisNotable advances of the last quarter-century have deepened our appreciation of the three-dimensional nature of the ocean''s large-scale circulation. This circulation has important implications for ocean chemistry and biology, atmospheric science, and climate. Ocean Circulation in Three Dimensions surveys both observations and theories of the time-mean circulation, enabling readers to see the relevance and limitations of leading theories, as well as the patterns linking the behavior of different oceans. The book covers classical topics of horizontal circulation, and expands them to include shallow wind-driven overturning, the deep global conveyer belt, high latitudes, the role of eddies, and the ocean''s role in heat transport. Solutions to exercises are available online for instructor use. This textbook is ideal for students of physical oceanography, chemical oceanography and climate. It is also suitable for readers from related fields as it includes a summary of introductory topics.Table of Contents1. Physical oceanography: methods and dynamical framework; 2. Rotating and shallow water flow; 3. Two-dimensional horizontal circulation; 4. Surface and mixed layer properties; 5. Depth-dependent gyre circulation; 6. Equatorial circulation, shallow overturning, and up-welling; 7. Eddies and small scale mixing; 8. Deep meridional overturning; 9. The Southern Ocean nexus; 10. Arctic circulation; 11. Heat flux, freshwater flux, and climate; Appendix A. Data sources; Appendix B. Vector calculus and spherical coordinates; Appendix C. Tables of notation and useful values; References; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe general area of geophysical fluid mechanics is truly interdisciplinary. Now ideas from statistical physics are being applied in novel ways to inhomogeneous complex systems such as atmospheres and oceans. In this book, the basic ideas of geophysics, probability theory, information theory, nonlinear dynamics and equilibrium statistical mechanics are introduced and applied to large time-selective decay, the effect of large scale forcing, nonlinear stability, fluid flow on a sphere and Jupiter's Great Red Spot. The book is the first to adopt this approach and it contains many recent ideas and results. Its audience ranges from graduate students and researchers in both applied mathematics and the geophysical sciences. It illustrates the richness of the interplay of mathematical analysis, qualitative models and numerical simulations which combine in the emerging area of computational science.Trade Review'… this book is a valuable contribution to the fascinating intersection of applied mathematics and geophysical fluid dynamics. … The authors are adept at illuminating and motivating rigorous mathematical analysis, qualitative models and physical intuition through exceptionally lucid exposition and a rich collection of examples.' Mathematical ReviewsTable of Contents1. Barotropic geophysical flows and two-dimensional fluid flows: an elementary introduction; 2. The Response to large scale forcing; 3. The selective decay principle for basic geophysical flows; 4. Nonlinear stability of steady geophysical flows; 5. Topographic mean-flow interaction, nonlinear instability, and chaotic dynamics; 6. Introduction to empirical statistical theory; 7. Equilibrium statistical mechanics for systems of ordinary differential equations; 8. Statistical mechanics for the truncated quasi-geostrophic equations; 9. Empirical statistical theories for most probable states; 10. Assessing the potential applicability of equilibrium statistical theories for geophysical flows: an overview; 11. Predictions and comparison of equilibrium statistical theories; 12. Equilibrium statistical theories and dynamical modeling of flows with forcing and dissipation; 13. Predicting the jets and spots on Jupiter by equilibrium statistical mechanics; 14. Statistically relevant and irrelevant conserved quantities for truncated quasi-geostrophic flow and the Burger–Hopf model; 15. A mathematical framework for quantifying predictability utilizing relative entropy; 16. Barotropic quasi-geostrophic equations on the sphere; Bibliography; Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe problem of liquid sloshing in moving or stationary containers remains of concern to aerospace, civil, and nuclear engineers, physicists, designers of road tankers and ship tankers, and mathematicians. This book takes the reader systematically from basic theory to advanced analytical and experimental results in a self-contained and coherent format.Trade Review'This book will be invaluable to researchers and graduate students in mechanical and aeronautical engineering, designers of liquid containers and applied mathematicians. Engineering Designer'…a remarkable and comprehensive contribution to sloshing dynamics… The reviewer highly recommends this book for graduates and Ph. D students in this field, as well as researchers and engineers in various industries that use storage tanks, because it contains not only original aspects but also acts as a tutorial through its discussions of how analytical results compare with measurements. It represents an important addition to the fluid-structure interaction bookshelf.' Journal of Sound and VibrationTable of ContentsPreface; Introduction; 1. Fluid field equations and modal analysis in rigid containers; 2. Linear forced sloshing; 3. Viscous damping and sloshing suppression devices; 4. Weakly nonlinear lateral sloshing; 5. Equivalent mechanical models; 6. Parametric sloshing (Faraday's waves); 7. Dynamics of liquid sloshing impact; 8. Linear interaction of liquid sloshing with elastic containers; 9. Nonlinear interaction under external and parametric excitations; 10. Interactions with support structures and tuned sloshing absorbers; 11. Dynamics of rotating fluids; 12. Microgravity sloshing dynamics; Bibliography; Index.

Read more less