Solid fuel technology Books

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction: The Overarching Issues2. The Regulatory Framework for Coal-Fired Electricity Generation3. Setting the Technical Foundation for Modern Power Plants – 1 (1900 – 1919) 4. Setting the Technical Foundation for Modern Power Plants – 2 (1920 – 1945)5. The Emergence of Modern Coal Fired Generation (1945 – 1975)6. Conventional Power Plant Technology Advanced at the End of the 20th Century (1970-2000) 7. Development of New Approaches to Coal Untilization for Electricity Generation8. Coal-fired Power Plants: 2000 – Present . . . and Beyond9. The Development of Post Combustion Control Technology

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Book SynopsisLignites are a fuel resource upon which there has been heavy reliance for a long time in several parts of the world. Indeed, lignite (also known as low-rank coal, brown coal or braunkohle), has been used for electricity generation in some regions for a century or more. These coals can, after a mild drying process, be used directly as a fuel and this remains the dominant form of usage. The coals can however be beneficiated in a number of ways including moulding into briquettes for export. Other new technologies applied to brown coals include slurrying and solar drying to make a hard product also suitable for export. Very importantly, over a period of 70+ years there has been hydrogenation of such coals to make liquid fuels. This volume covers all aspects of the subject from the nature of lignites in situ to detailed coverage of fuel usage including figures for electricity generation and carbon dioxide release. Processing technologies including briquetting and carbonisation are described as are gasification, to make a fuel gas or a synthesis gas, and their conversion to liquid fuels.The book provides an international review, setting in context the use of lignite in various regions of the world. Where appropriate the book includes information about industrial plant and processes and uses information from key research and development. It also considers the important issue of carbon dioxide emissions which in the past has sometimes worked against lignite utilisation. This issue is covered with some emphasis and also deals with carbon capture and sequestration from power plants. Co-firing of lignites with biomass is also considered. This is the only recent comprehensive volume on the subject, bringing together for the first time a full account of this important fuel.Trade Review`A vast amount of work must have gone into assembling this data... ...is well written in simple language with clear definition of terms and without the use of arcane terms which are not uncommon in coal science and technology. ...is very beneficial for a reader who is interested, but not an expert in this area of coal technology. An enormous amount of information has been packed into a small space. The book has been most carefully prepared...’ FUEL -------------------- '...provides a well-written precis of all aspects of lignites from an international perspective. The book is well organised into 24 short, uniformly formatted chapters, all with references for the reader. ... The book's strengths are in its presentation of the analytical and physical science of lignites in tutorial style, with worked examples the reader can readily connect with... ...comprehensively covers the science of lignites, fuel usage for electricity generation and CO2 release and the relevant processing technologies. ...is a valuable text for engineers and scientists involved in energy production and managers and administrators involved in energy policymaking. It is well worth the purchase price'. Chemistry in AustraliaTable of ContentsBackground on the nature of lignites; Petrography; Lignite/brown coal in pre-industrial times and early in the industrial era; Electricity generation - Germany; Electricity generation - other European countries; Electricity generation - North America; Electricity generation - Asia; Power generation - the Indian sub-continent; Power generation - the former Soviet Union; Electricity generation - Australia; Briquettes; Carbonised products; Gasification; Conversion to liquid fuels; Chemical substances from lignites; Unworked lignite deposits; Hazards with lignites; Leonardite; Examples of carbon capture and storage (CCS) at lignite-utilising plants; Co-combustion of lignites with other fuels; Comparisons with peat; Comparison with sub-bituminous coals; Lignite originating in isolated or undeveloped locations

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Book SynopsisBridging the gap between the well-known technological description of gasification and the underlying theoretical understanding, this book covers the latest numerical and semi-empirical models describing interphase phenomena in high-temperature conversion processes. Consequently, it focuses on the description of gas-particle reaction systems by state-of-the-art computational models in an integrated, unified form. Special attention is paid to understanding and modeling the interaction between individual coal particles and a surrounding hot gas, including heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions inside the particle on the particle interface and near the interface between the solid and gas phases. While serving the needs of engineers involved in industrial research, development and design in the field of gasification technologies, this book's in-depth coverage makes it equally ideal for young and established researchers in the fields of thermal sciences and chemical engineering with a focus on heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions.Table of ContentsPreface MODELING OF GASIFIERS: OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS Numerical Modeling in Engineering CFD-Based Modeling of Entrained Flow Gasifiers Benchmark Tests for CFD Modeling GASIFICATION OF SOLIDS: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Introduction Historical Background Types of Gasification Reactors Trends in Gasifier Development Derived Challenges for Research MODELING OF MOVING PARTICLES: REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS AND MODELS Introduction Soft-Sphere Model Hard-Sphere Model CD AND Nu CLOSURE RELATIONS FOR SPHERICAL AND NON-SPHERICAL PARTICLES Literature Review Model Description Code and Software Validation Porous Particles Non-Spherical Particles SINGLE PARTICLE HEATING & DRYING Nonporous Spherical Particle Heating in a Stream of Hot Air Heating of a Porous Particle Spherical Particle Drying in a Stream of Hot Air Conclusions UNSTEADY CHAR GASIFICATION/COMBUSTION Introduction Modeling Approach Numerics & Code Validation Advices for Beginners Analytical Methods INTERFACE TRACKING DURING CHAR PARTICLE GASIFICATION Interface and Porosity Tracking for a Moving Char Particle 3D Interface Tracking for a Porous Char Particle in a Kinetic Regime Conclusions PSEUDO-STEADY-STATE APPROACH FOR CARBON PARTICLE COMBUSTION/GASIFICATION Particle-Resolved CFD Simulations: Spherical Particles Particle-Resolved CFD Simulations: Nonspherical Particles Conclusions Setup of Heterogeneous Reactions in ANSYS FLUENT PORE-RESOLVED SIMULATION OF CHAR PARTICLE COMBUSTION/GASIFICATION Introduction Model Assumptions and Chemistry Small Porous Particle: 90 ?m Large Porous Particle: 2mm 3D Simulations under Gasification Conditions Conclusions SUBGRID MODELS FOR PARTICLE DEVOLATILIZATION-COMBUSTION-GASIFICATION Subgrid Model for the Devolatilization/Combustion of a Moving Coal Particle Novel Intrinsic Submodel for Gasification of a Moving Char Particle NEW FRONTIERS AND CHALLENGES IN GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES Introduction Trends in Gasifier Design Future Gasifier Simulations Index

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