Electronics and communications engineering Books

Book SynopsisGrob's Basic Electronics provides thorough, comprehensive coverage of all of the important fundamentals of DC and AC circuit theory. It also covers the most common electronic devices and their applications. The book has an endless number of worked-out examples showing detailed step-by-step solutions. Also, a multiple-choice self-test as well as an abundance of homework problems appear at the end of every chapter in the book.

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Book SynopsisDr Neil Storey was a member of the School of Engineering at the University of Warwick, where he had many years of experience in teaching electronics to undergraduate, post-graduate and professional engineers. He is also the author of Electrical and Electronic Systems and Safety-Critical Computer Systems, both published by Pearson Education.Table of ContentsPART 1 ELECTRICAL CICRUITS AND COMPONENTS 1 Basic Electrical circuits and components 2 Measurement of Voltages and Currents 3 Resistance and DC Circuits 4 Capacitance and Electric Fields 5 Inductance and Magnetic Fields 6 Alternating Voltages and Currents 7 Power in AC Circuits 8 Electric Motors and Generators 9 Frequency Characteristics of AC Circuits 10 Transient Behaviour PART 2 ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS 11 Electronic Systems 12 Sensors 13 Actuators 14 Amplification 15 Control and Feedback 16 Operational Amplifiers 17 Semiconductors and Diodes 18 Filed-effect Transistors 19 Bipolar Junction Transistors 20 Power Electronics 21 Internal Circuitry of Operational Amplifiers 22 Noise and EMC 23 Positive Feedback, Oscillators and Stability 24 Digital Systems 25 Sequential Logic 26 Digital Devices 27 Implementing Digital Designs 28 Communications 29 Data Acquisition and Conversion 30 System Design Appendices

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.A Fully-Updated, No-Nonsense Guide to ElectronicsAdvance your electronics knowledge and gain the skills necessary to develop and construct your own functioning gadgets. Written by a pair of experienced engineers and dedicated hobbyists, Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition, lays out the essentials and provides step-by-step instructions, schematics, and illustrations. Discover how to select the right components, design and build circuits, use microcontrollers and ICs, work with the latest software tools, and test and tweak your creations. This easy-to-follow book features new instruction on programmable logic, semiconductors, operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, power

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Electric Circuits continues in the spirit of its successful previous editions, with the objective of presenting circuit analysis in a manner that is clearer, more interesting, and easier to understand than other, more traditional texts. A balance of theory, worked & extended examples, practice problems, and real-world applications, combined with over 580 new or changed homework problems complete this edition. Robust media offerings renders this text to be the most comprehensive and student-friendly approach to linear circuit analysis. The seventh edition retains the Design a Problem feature which helps students develop their design skills by having the student develop the question, as well as the solution. There are over 100 Design a Problem exercises integrated into problem sets in the book. McGraw-Hill''s Connect, is also available with Fundamentals of Electric Circuits. Connect provides an ebook experience for students and enables  profTable of ContentsPart One - DC Circuits1) Basic Concepts2) Basic Laws3) Methods of Analysis4) Circuit Theorems5) Operational Amplifiers6) Capacitors and Inductors7) First-Order Circuits8) Second-Order CircuitsPart Two - AC Circuits9) Sinusoids and Phasors10) Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis11) AC Power Analysis12) Three-Phase Circuits13) Magnetically Coupled Circuits14) Frequency ResponsePart Three - Advanced Circuit Analysis15) Introduction to the Laplace Transform16) Applications of the Laplace Transform17) The Fourier Series18) Fourier Transform19) Two-Port Networks

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface xi About the Authors xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 A Brief History of Satellite Communications 5 1.3 Satellite Communications in 2018 9 1.4 Overview of Satellite Communications 11 1.5 Summary 14 1.6 Organization of This Book 15 References 16 2 Orbital Mechanics and Launchers 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Achieving a Stable Orbit 17 2.3 Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion 23 2.4 Describing the Orbit of a Satellite 25 2.5 Locating the Satellite in the Orbit 27 2.6 Locating the Satellite with Respect to the Earth 29 2.7 Orbital Elements 31 2.8 Look Angle Determination 33 2.9 Orbital Perturbations 42 2.10 Orbit Determination 46 2.11 Space Launch Vehicles and Rockets 47 2.12 Placing Satellites Into Geostationary Orbit 56 2.13 Orbital Effects in Communications Systems Performance 59 2.14 Manned Space Vehicles 62 2.15 Summary 64 Exercises 65 References 68 3 Satellites 71 3.1 Satellite Subsystems 72 3.2 Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) 75 3.3 Telemetry, Tracking, Command, and Monitoring (TTC&M) 84 3.4 Power Systems 88 3.5 Communications Subsystems 90 3.6 Satellite Antennas 100 3.7 Equipment Reliability and Space Qualification 107 3.8 Summary 113 Exercises 114 References 116 4 Satellite Link Design 119 4.1 Introduction 119 4.2 Transmission Theory 125 4.3 System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio 130 4.4 Design of Downlinks 142 4.5 Ku-Band GEO Satellite Systems 149 4.6 Uplink Design 158 4.7 Design for Specified CNR: Combining CNR and C/I Values in Satellite Links 163 4.8 System Design for Specific Performance 167 4.9 Summary 188 Exercises 189 References 193 5 Digital Transmission and Error Control 195 5.1 Digital Transmission 197 5.2 Implementing Zero ISI Transmission in the Time Domain 215 5.3 Probability of Error in Digital Transmission 221 5.4 Digital Transmission of Analog Signals 231 5.5 Time Division Multiplexing 241 5.6 Packets, Frames, and Protocols 243 5.7 Error Control 246 5.8 Summary 264 Exercises 266 References 269 6 Modulation and Multiple Access 271 6.1 Introduction 271 6.2 Digital Modulation 273 6.3 Multiple Access 287 6.4 Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 291 6.5 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 308 6.6 Synchronization in TDMA Networks 317 6.7 Transmitter Power in TDMA Networks 319 6.8 Star and Mesh Networks 323 6.9 Onboard Processing 324 6.10 Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) 329 6.11 Random Access (RA) 333 6.12 Packet Radio Systems and Protocols 334 6.13 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 337 6.14 Summary 348 Exercises 349 References 352 7 Propagation Effects and Their Impact on Satellite-Earth Links 355 7.1 Introduction 355 7.2 Propagation Phenomena 358 7.3 Quantifying Attenuation and Depolarization 359 7.4 Propagation Effects That are Not Associated with Hydrometeors 367 7.5 Rain and Ice Effects 372 7.6 Prediction of Rain Attenuation 380 7.7 Prediction of XPD 390 7.8 Propagation Impairment Countermeasures 399 7.9 Summary 404 Exercises 405 References 408 8 Low Throughput Systems and Small Satellites 411 8.1 Introduction 411 8.2 Small Satellites 413 8.3 Operational Use of SmallSats 436 8.4 Low Throughput Mobile Communications Satellite Systems 440 8.5 VSAT Systems 444 8.6 Signal Formats 461 8.7 System Aspects 469 8.8 Time Over Coverage 470 8.9 Orbital Debris 471 8.10 Summary 472 Exercises 473 References 475 9 NGSO Satellite Systems 481 9.1 Introduction 481 9.2 Orbit Considerations 485 9.3 Coverage and Frequency Considerations 501 9.4 System Considerations 523 9.5 Operational and Proposed NGSO Constellation Designs 526 9.6 System Design Example 534 9.7 Summary 535 Exercises 537 References 539 10 Direct Broadcast Satellite Television and Radio 543 10.1 C-Band and Ku-Band Home Satellite TV 545 10.2 Digital DBS-TV 545 10.3 DVB-S and DVB-S2 Standards 556 10.4 DBS-TV System Design 569 10.5 DBS-TV Link Budget for DVB-S and DVB-S2 Receivers 572 10.6 Second Generation DBS-TV Satellite Systems Using DVB-S2 Signal Format 575 10.7 Master Control Station and Uplink 576 10.8 Installation of DBS-TV Antennas 577 10.9 Satellite Radio Broadcasting 578 10.10 Summary 583 Exercises 584 References 586 11 Satellite Internet 589 11.1 History of Satellite Internet Access 589 11.2 Geostationary Satellite Internet Access 592 11.3 NGSO Satellite Systems 604 11.4 Link Budgets for NGSO Systems 613 11.5 Packets and Protocols for NGSO Systems 618 11.6 Gateways, User Terminals, and Onboard Processing Satellites 622 11.7 Total Capacity of OneWeb and SpaceX Proposed NGSO Constellations 625 11.8 End of Life Disposal of NGSO Satellites 625 11.9 Comparison of Spot Beam Coverage of GSO and LEO Internet Access Satellites 626 11.10 User Terminal Antennas for Ku-Band, Ka-Band, and V-Band 627 11.11 Summary 628 Exercises 629 References 629 12 Satellite Navigation and the Global Positioning System 633 12.1 The Global Positioning System 634 12.2 Radio and Satellite Navigation 637 12.3 GPS Position Location Principles 640 12.4 GPS Codes and Frequencies 644 12.5 Satellite Signal Acquisition 648 12.6 GPS Signal Levels 658 12.7 GPS Navigation Message 662 12.8 GPS C/A Code Standard Positioning System Accuracy 663 12.9 Differential GPS 667 12.10 Denial of Service: Jamming and Spoofing 669 12.11 ADS-B and Air Traffic Control 672 12.12 GPS Modernization 673 12.13 Summary 675 Exercises 676 References 677 Glossary 681 Appendix A Decibels in Communications Engineering 691 Appendix B Antennas 695 Appendix C Complementary Error Function erfc(x) and Q FunctionQ(z) 715 Appendix D Digital Transmission of Analog Signals 719 Index 731

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Book SynopsisExplore the moral and ethical issues which arise at the intersection of novel technology and engineering In Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an insightful and thought-provoking exploration of some of the toughest ethical questions found at the crossroads of engineering and technology. The book demonstrates the skills necessary to effectively grapple with ethical issues that arise from the practice of engineering. The authors introduce the ethical cycle, a unique and systematic approach to dealing with ethical problems. They utilize numerous real-life case studies from the United States, Europe, and elsewhere to shed important light on the ethical issues that arise in the daily work of practicing engineers. They also provide a comprehensive overview of various ethical frameworks used in engineering, including utilitarianism, deontological ethics, virtue ethics, Ubuntu, and Confucianism. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to a practice-oriented approach to ethical decision-making in engineeringComprehensive explorations of the ethical cycle, an approach that encourages students to consider a diversity of ethical viewpoints and come to reasoned and justified judgmentsPractical discussions of ethical issues in engineering design, technological risks, and moral responsibilityTreatments of sustainability and how it affects professionals working in engineering, as well as responsible innovationPerfect for engineers, technologists, and entrepreneurs, Ethics, Technology, and Engineering: An Introduction will also benefit businesspeople and founders interested in the ethical implications of a variety of fascinating new technologies.Table of ContentsAcknowledgments x Introduction 1 1 The Responsibilities of Engineers 6 2 Codes of Conduct 37 3 Normative Ethics 70 4 The Ethical Cycle 121 5 Design for Values 145 6 Ethical Aspects of Technical Risks 182 7 The Distribution of Responsibility in Engineering 213 8 Sustainability, Ethics, and Technology 241 9 Responsible Innovation 265 Appendix I: Engineering Qualifications and Organizations in a Number of Countries 294 Appendix II: NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers 301 Appendix III: ENGINEERS EUROPE Position Paper on Code of Conduct: Ethics and Conduct of Professional Engineers 306 Appendix IV: Examples of Corporate Codes of Conduct 308 Appendix V: DSM Alert Royal DSM Whistleblower Policy 314 Appendix VI: Cases 321 References 336 Index of Cases 352 Index 353

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to third edition xv 1 Understanding the physical universe 1 1.1 The programme of physics 1 1.2 The building blocks of matter 2 1.3 Matter in bulk 4 1.4 The fundamental interactions 5 1.5 Exploring the physical universe: the scientific method 5 1.6 The role of physics; its scope and applications 7 2 Using mathematical tools in physics 9 2.1 Applying the scientific method 9 2.2 The use of variables to represent displacement and time 9 2.3 Representation of data 10 2.4 The use of differentiation in analysis: velocity and acceleration in linear motion 13 2.5 The use of integration in analysis 16 2.6 Maximum and minimum values of physical variables: general linear motion 21 2.7 Angular motion: the radian 22 2.8 The role of mathematics in physics 24 Worked examples 25 Chapter 2 problems (up.ucc.ie/2/) 27 3 The causes of motion: dynamics 29 3.1 The concept of force 29 3.2 The First law of Dynamics (Newton's first law) 30 3.3 The fundamental dynamical principle (Newton's second law) 31 3.4 Systems of units: SI 33 3.5 Time dependent forces: oscillatory motion 37 3.6 Simple harmonic motion 39 3.7 Mechanical work and energy 42 3.8 Plots of potential energy functions 45 3.9 Power 46 3.10 Energy in simple harmonic motion 47 3.11 Dissipative forces: damped harmonic motion 48 3.11.1 Trial solution technique for solving the damped harmonic motion equation (up.ucc.ie/3/11/1/) 50 3.12 Forced oscillations (up.ucc.ie/3/12/) 51 3.13 Non-linear dynamics: chaos (up.ucc.ie/3/13/) 52 3.14 Phase space representation of dynamical systems (up.ucc.ie/3/14/) 52 Worked examples 52 Chapter 3 problems (up.ucc.ie/3/) 56 4 Motion in two and three dimensions 57 4.1 Vector physical quantities 57 4.2 Vector algebra 58 4.3 Velocity and acceleration vectors 62 4.4 Force as a vector quantity: vector form of the laws of dynamics 63 4.5 Constraint forces 64 4.6 Friction 66 4.7 Motion in a circle: centripetal force 68 4.8 Motion in a circle at constant speed 69 4.9 Tangential and radial components of acceleration 71 4.10 Hybrid motion: the simple pendulum 71 4.10.1 Large angle corrections for the simple pendulum (up.ucc.ie/4/10/1/) 72 4.11 Angular quantities as vector: the cross product 72 Worked examples 75 Chapter 4 problems (up.ucc.ie/4/) 78 5 Force fields 79 5.1 Newton's law of universal gravitation 79 5.2 Force fields 80 5.3 The concept of flux 81 5.4 Gauss's law for gravitation 82 5.5 Applications of Gauss's law 84 5.6 Motion in a constant uniform field: projectiles 86 5.7 Mechanical work and energy 88 5.8 Power 93 5.9 Energy in a constant uniform field 94 5.10 Energy in an inverse square law field 94 5.11 Moment of a force: angular momentum 97 5.12 Planetary motion: circular orbits 98 5.13 Planetary motion: elliptical orbits and Kepler's laws 99 5.13.1 Conservation of the Runge-Lens vector (up.ucc.ie/5/13/1/) 100 Worked examples 101 Chapter 5 problems (up.ucc.ie/5/) 104 6 Many-body interactions 105 6.1 Newton's third law 105 6.2 The principle of conservation of momentum 108 6.3 Mechanical energy of systems of particles 109 6.4 Particle decay 110 6.5 Particle collisions 111 6.6 The centre of mass of a system of particles 115 6.7 The two-body problem: reduced mass 116 6.8 Angular momentum of a system of particles 119 6.9 Conservation principles in physics 120 Worked examples 121 Chapter 6 problems (up.ucc.ie/6/) 125 7 Rigid body dynamics 127 7.1 Rigid bodies 127 7.2 Rigid bodies in equilibrium: statics 128 7.3 Torque 129 7.4 Dynamics of rigid bodies 130 7.5 Measurement of torque: the torsion balance 131 7.6 Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis: moment of inertia 132 7.7 Calculation of moments of inertia: the parallel axis theorem 133 7.8 Conservation of angular momentum of rigid bodies 135 7.9 Conservation of mechanical energy in rigid body systems 136 7.10 Work done by a torque: torsional oscillations: rotational power 138 7.11 Gyroscopic motion 140 7.11.1 Precessional angular velocity of a top (up.ucc.ie/7/11/1/) 141 7.12 Summary: connection between rotational and translational motions 141 Worked examples 141 Chapter 7 problems (up.ucc.ie/7/) 144 8 Relative motion 145 8.1 Applicability of Newton's laws of motion: inertial reference frames 145 8.2 The Galilean transformation 146 8.3 The CM (centre-of-mass) reference frame 149 8.4 Example of a non-inertial frame: centrifugal force 153 8.5 Motion in a rotating frame: the Coriolis force 155 8.6 The Foucault pendulum 158 8.6.1 Precession of a Foucault pendulum (up.ucc.ie/8/6/1/) 158 8.7 Practical criteria for inertial frames: the local view 158 Worked examples 159 Chapter 8 problems (up.ucc.ie/8/) 163 9 Special relativity 165 9.1 The velocity of light 165 9.1.1 The Michelson-Morley experiment (up.ucc.ie/9/1/1/) 165 9.2 The principle of relativity 166 9.3 Consequences of the principle of relativity 166 9.4 The Lorentz transformation 168 9.5 The Fitzgerald–Lorentz contraction 171 9.6 Time dilation 172 9.7 Paradoxes in special relativity 173 9.7.1 Simultaneity: quantitative analysis of the twin paradox (up.ucc.ie/9/7/1/) 174 9.8 Relativistic transformation of velocity 174 9.9 Momentum in relativistic mechanics 176 9.10 Four-vectors: the energy–momentum 4-vector 177 9.11 Energy–momentum transformations: relativistic energy conservation 179 9.11.1 The force transformations (up.ucc.ie/9/11/1/) 180 9.12 Relativistic energy: mass–energy equivalence 180 9.13 Units in relativistic mechanics 183 9.14 Mass–energy equivalence in practice 184 9.15 General relativity 185 Worked examples 185 Chapter 9 problems (up.ucc.ie/9/) 188 10 Continuum mechanics: mechanical properties of materials: microscopic models of matter 189 10.1 Dynamics of continuous media 189 10.2 Elastic properties of solids 190 10.3 Fluids at rest 193 10.4 Elastic properties of fluids 195 10.5 Pressure in gases 196 10.6 Archimedes' principle 196 10.7 Fluid dynamics; the Bernoulli equation 198 10.8 Viscosity 201 10.9 Surface properties of liquids 202 10.10 Boyle's law (or Mariotte's law) 204 10.11 A microscopic theory of gases 205 10.12 The SI unit of amount of substance; the mole 207 10.13 Interatomic forces: modifications to the kinetic theory of gases 208 10.14 Microscopic models of condensed matter systems 210 Worked examples 212 Chapter 10 problems (up.ucc.ie/10/) 214 11 Thermal physics 215 11.1 Friction and heating 215 11.2 The SI unit of thermodynamic temperature, the kelvin 216 11.3 Heat capacities of thermal systems 216 11.4 Comparison of specific heat capacities: calorimetry 218 11.5 Thermal conductivity 219 11.6 Convection 220 11.7 Thermal radiation 221 11.8 Thermal expansion 222 11.9 The first law of thermodynamics 224 11.10 Change of phase: latent heat 225 11.11 The equation of state of an ideal gas 226 11.12 Isothermal, isobaric and adiabatic processes: free expansion 227 11.13 The Carnot cycle 230 11.14 Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics 231 11.15 The Helmholtz and Gibbs functions 233 Worked examples 234 Chapter 11 problems (up.ucc.ie/11/) 236 12 Microscopic models of thermal systems: kinetic theory of matter 237 12.1 Microscopic interpretation of temperature 237 12.2 Polyatomic molecules: principle of equipartition of energy 239 12.3 Ideal gas in a gravitational field: the ‘law of atmospheres’ 241 12.4 Ensemble averages and distribution functions 242 12.5 The distribution of molecular velocities in an ideal gas 243 12.6 Distribution of molecular speeds 244 12.7 Distribution of molecular energies; Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics 246 12.8 Microscopic interpretation of temperature and heat capacity in solids 247 Worked examples 248 Chapter 12 problems (up.ucc.ie/12/) 249 13 Wave motion 251 13.1 Characteristics of wave motion 251 13.2 Representation of a wave which is travelling in one dimension 253 13.3 Energy and power in wave motion 255 13.4 Plane and spherical waves 256 13.5 Huygens' principle: the laws of reflection and refraction 257 13.6 Interference between waves 259 13.7 Interference of waves passing through openings: diffraction 263 13.8 Standing waves 265 13.8.1 Standing waves in a three dimensional cavity (up.ucc.ie/13/8/1/) 267 13.9 The Doppler effect 268 13.10 The wave equation 270 13.11 Waves along a string 270 13.12 Waves in elastic media: longitudinal waves in a solid rod 271 13.13 Waves in elastic media: sound waves in gases 272 13.14 Superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies: wave and group velocities 274 13.15 Other wave forms: Fourier analysis 275 Worked examples 279 Chapter 13 problems (up.ucc.ie/13/) 280 14 Introduction to quantum mechanics 281 14.1 Physics at the beginning of the twentieth century 281 14.2 The blackbody radiation problem: Planck's quantum hypothesis 282 14.3 The specific heat capacity of gases 284 14.4 The specific heat capacity of solids 284 14.5 The photoelectric effect 285 14.5.1 Example of an experiment to study the photoelectric effect (up.ucc.ie/14/5/1/) 285 14.6 The X-ray continuum 287 14.7 The Compton effect: the photon model 287 14.8 The de Broglie hypothesis: wave-particle duality 290 14.9 Interpretation of wave particle duality 292 14.10 The Heisenberg uncertainty principle 293 14.11 The Schrödinger (wave mechanical) method 295 14.12 Probability density; expectation values 296 14.12.1 Expectation value of momentum (up.ucc.ie/14/12/1/) 297 14.13 The free particle 298 14.14 The time-independent Schrödinger equation: eigenfunctions and eigenvalues 300 14.14.1 Derivation of the Ehrenfest theorem (up.ucc.ie/14/14/1/) 301 14.15 The infinite square potential well 303 14.16 Potential steps 305 14.17 Other potential wells and barriers 311 14.18 The simple harmonic oscillator 313 14.18.1 Ground state of the simple harmonic oscillator (up.ucc.ie/14/18/1/) 313 14.19 Further implications of quantum mechanics 313 Worked examples 314 Chapter 14 problems (up.ucc.ie/14/) 316 15 Electric currents 317 15.1 Electric currents 317 15.2 The electric current model; electric charge 318 15.3 The SI unit of electric current; the ampere 320 15.4 Heating effect revisited; electrical resistance 321 15.5 Strength of a power supply; emf 323 15.6 Resistance of a circuit 324 15.7 Potential difference 324 15.8 Effect of internal resistance 326 15.9 Comparison of emfs; the potentiometer 328 15.10 Multiloop circuits 329 15.11 Kirchhoff's rules 330 15.12 Comparison of resistances; the Wheatstone bridge 331 15.13 Power supplies connected in parallel 332 15.14 Resistivity and conductivity 333 15.15 Variation of resistance with temperature 334 Worked examples 335 Chapter 15 problems (up.ucc.ie/15/) 338 16 Electric fields 339 16.1 Electric charges at rest 339 16.2 Electric fields: electric field strength 341 16.3 Forces between point charges: Coulomb's law 342 16.4 Electric flux and electric flux density 343 16.5 Electric fields due to systems of charges 344 16.6 The electric dipole 346 16.7 Gauss's law for electrostatics 349 16.8 Applications of Gauss's law 349 16.9 Potential difference in electric fields 352 16.10 Electric potential 353 16.11 Equipotential surfaces 355 16.12 Determination of electric field strength from electric potential 356 16.13 Acceleration of charged particles 357 16.14 The laws of electrostatics in differential form (up.ucc.ie/16/14) 358 Worked examples 359 Chapter 16 problems (up.ucc.ie/16/) 361 17 Electric fields in materials; the capacitor 363 17.1 Conductors in electric fields 363 17.2 Insulators in electric fields; polarization 364 17.3 Electric susceptibility 367 17.4 Boundaries between dielectric media 368 17.5 Ferroelectricity and paraelectricity; permanently polarised materials 369 17.6 Uniformly polarised rod; the ‘bar electret’ 370 17.7 Microscopic models of electric polarization 372 17.8 Capacitors 373 17.9 Examples of capacitors with simple geometry 374 17.10 Energy stored in an electric field 376 17.11 Capacitors in series and in parallel 377 17.12 Charge and discharge of a capacitor through a resistor 378 17.13 Measurement of permittivity 379 Worked examples 380 Chapter 17 problems (up.ucc.ie/17/) 382 18 Magnetic fields 383 18.1 Magnetism 383 18.2 The work of Ampère, Biot, and Savart 385 18.3 Magnetic pole strength 386 18.4 Magnetic field strength 387 18.5 Ampère's law 388 18.6 The Biot-Savart law 390 18.7 Applications of the Biot-Savart law 392 18.8 Magnetic flux and magnetic flux density 393 18.9 Magnetic fields of permanent magnets; magnetic dipoles 394 18.10 Forces between magnets; Gauss's law for magnetism 395 18.11 The laws of magnetostatics in differential form (up.ucc.ie/18/11/) 396 Worked examples 396 Chapter 18 problems (up.ucc.ie/18/) 397 19 Interactions between magnetic fields and electric currents; magnetic materials 399 19.1 Forces between currents and magnets 399 19.2 The force between two long parallel wires 400 19.3 Current loop in a magnetic field 401 19.4 Magnetic fields due to moving charges 403 19.5 Force on a moving electric charge in a magnetic field 403 19.6 Applications of moving charges in uniform magnetic fields; the classical Hall effect 404 19.7 Charge in a combined electric and magnetic field; the Lorentz force 407 19.8 Magnetic dipole moments of charged particles in closed orbits 407 19.9 Polarisation of magnetic materials; magnetisation, magnetic susceptibility 408 19.10 Paramagnetism and diamagnetism 409 19.11 Boundaries between magnetic media 411 19.12 Ferromagnetism; permanent magnets revisited 411 19.13 Moving coil meters and electric motors 412 19.14 Electric and magnetic fields in moving reference frames (up.ucc.ie/19/14/) 414 Worked examples 414 Chapter 19 problems (up.ucc.ie/19) 416 20 Electromagnetic induction: time-varying emfs 417 20.1 The principle of electromagnetic induction 417 20.2 Simple applications of electromagnetic induction 420 20.3 Self-inductance 421 20.4 The series L-R circuit 424 20.5 Discharge of a capacitor through an inductor and a resistor 425 20.6 Time-varying emfs: mutual inductance: transformers 427 20.7 Alternating current (a.c.) 429 20.8 Alternating current transformers 432 20.9 Resistance, capacitance, and inductance in a.c. circuits 433 20.10 The series L-C-R circuit: phasor diagrams 435 20.11 Power in an a.c. circuit 438 Worked examples 439 Chapter 20 problems (up.ucc.ie/20/) 441 21 Maxwell's equations: electromagnetic radiation 443 21.1 Reconsideration of the laws of electromagnetism: Maxwell's equations 443 21.2 Plane electromagnetic waves 446 21.3 Experimental observation of electromagnetic radiation 448 21.4 The electromagnetic spectrum 449 21.5 Polarisation of electromagnetic waves 451 21.6 Energy, momentum and angular momentum in electromagnetic waves 454 21.7 The photon model revisited 457 21.8 Reflection of electromagnetic waves at an interface between non-conducting media (up.ucc.ie/21/8/) 458 21.9 Electromagnetic waves in a conducting medium (up.ucc.ie/21/9/) 458 21.10 Invariance of electromagnetism under the Lorentz transformation (up.ucc.ie/21/10/) 458 21.11 Maxwell's equations in differential form (up.ucc.ie/21/11/) 458 Worked examples 459 Chapter 21 problems (up.ucc.ie/21/) 461 22 Wave optics 463 22.1 Electromagnetic nature of light 463 22.2 Coherence: the laser 465 22.3 Diffraction at a single slit 467 22.4 Two slit interference and diffraction: Young's double slit experiment 470 22.5 Multiple slit interference: the diffraction grating 472 22.6 Diffraction of X-rays: Bragg scattering 475 22.7 The SI unit of luminous intensity, the candela 478 Worked examples 479 Chapter 22 problems (up.ucc.ie/22/) 480 23 Geometrical optics 481 23.1 The ray model: geometrical optics 481 23.2 Reflection of light 481 23.3 Image formation by spherical mirrors 482 23.4 Refraction of light 485 23.5 Refraction at successive plane interfaces 489 23.6 Image formation by spherical lenses 491 23.7 Image formation of extended objects: magnification; telescopes and microscopes 495 23.8 Dispersion of light 497 Worked examples 498 Chapter 23 problems (up.ucc.ie/23/) 501 24 Atomic physics 503 24.1 Atomic models 503 24.2 The spectrum of hydrogen: the Rydberg formula 505 24.3 The Bohr postulates 506 24.4 The Bohr theory of the hydrogen atom 507 24.5 The quantum mechanical (Schrödinger) solution of the one-electron atom 510 24.5.1 The angular and radial equations for a one-electron atom (up.ucc.ie/24/5/1/) 513 24.5.2 The radial solutions of the lowest energy state of hydrogen (up.ucc.ie/24/5/2/) 513 24.6 Interpretation of the one-electron atom eigenfunctions 514 24.7 Intensities of spectral lines: selection rules 517 24.7.1 Radiation from an accelerated charge (up.ucc.ie/24/7/1/) 518 24.7.2 Expectation value of the electric dipole moment (up.ucc.ie/24/7/2/) 518 24.8 Quantisation of angular momentum 518 24.8.1 The angular momentum quantisation equations (up.ucc.ie/24/8/1/) 519 24.9 Magnetic effects in one-electron atoms: the Zeeman effect 520 24.10 The Stern-Gerlach experiment: electron spin 521 24.10.1 The Zeeman effect (up.ucc.ie/24/10/1/) 523 24.11 The spin-orbit interaction 523 24.11.1 The Thomas precession (up.ucc.ie/24/11/1/) 524 24.12 Identical particles in quantum mechanics: the Pauli exclusion principle 525 24.13 The periodic table: multielectron atoms 526 24.14 The theory of multielectron atoms 529 24.15 Further uses of the solutions of the one-electron atom 529 Worked examples 530 Chapter 24 problems (up.ucc.ie/24/) 532 25 Electrons in solids: quantum statistics 533 25.1 Bonding in molecules and solids 533 25.2 The classical free electron model of solids 537 25.3 The quantum mechanical free electron model: the Fermi energy 539 25.4 The electron energy distribution at 0 K 541 25.5 Electron energy distributions at T>0 K 544 25.5.1 The quantum distribution functions (up.ucc.ie/24/5/1/) 544 25.6 Specific heat capacity and conductivity in the quantum free electron model 544 25.7 Quantum statistics: systems of bosons 546 25.8 Superconductivity 547 Worked examples 548 Chapter 25 problems (up.ucc.ie/25/) 549 26 Semiconductors 551 26.1 The band theory of solids 551 26.2 Conductors, insulators and semiconductors 552 26.3 Intrinsic and extrinsic (doped) semiconductors 553 26.4 Junctions in conductors 555 26.5 Junctions in semiconductors; the p–n junction 556 26.6 Biased p-n junctions; the semiconductor diode 557 26.7 Photodiodes, particle detectors and solar cells 558 26.8 Light emitting diodes; semiconductor lasers 559 26.9 The tunnel diode 560 26.10 Transistors 560 Worked examples 563 Chapter 26 problems (up.ucc.ie/26/) 564 27 Nuclear and particle physics 565 27.1 Properties of atomic nuclei 565 27.2 Nuclear binding energies 567 27.3 Nuclear models 568 27.4 Radioactivity 571 27.5 𝛼-, 𝛽- and 𝛾-decay 572 27.6 Detection of radiation: units of radioactivity 575 27.7 Nuclear reactions 577 27.8 Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion 578 27.9 Fission reactors 579 27.10 Thermonuclear fusion 581 27.11 Sub-nuclear particles 584 27.12 The quark model 587 Worked examples 591 Chapter 27 problems (up.ucc.ie/27/) 592 Appendix A: Mathematical rules and formulas 593 Appendix B: Some fundamental physical constants 611 Appendix C: Some astrophysical and geophysical data 613 Appendix D: The international system of units — SI 615 Bibliography 619 Index 621

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Book SynopsisA highly accessible resource covering the basics of the design and operation of electrical power systems with minimal technical background required Electrical Power System Essentials delivers a thorough introduction to the electrical power system and its functioning, and the changes that come with the worldwide energy transition process. This revised and updated Third Edition includes new material on HVDC developments, electricity markets, capacity calculation (NTC and flow-based), power system protection, and energy storage. Discussions on how renewable sources play a more dominant role in the generation of electrical energy and the effects they have on the control and operation of the grid and electricity markets are also included. Written in the accessible style that has made previous editions so popular with readers, this book restricts math content to the Appendix in order to maintain an easy reading experience of the main text while still providing complete coverage. A companion

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Book SynopsisComprehensive and accessibleâperfect for mastering the fundamentals of fixing electronics without taking a formal courseHow to Diagnose and Fix Everything Electronic, Third Edition details how to repair consumer electronics products ranging from modern digital devices to some older technologies. Filled with expert insights, case studies and sleuthing techniques from a former professional technician, it provides great guidance on how to assemble a workbench, operate the latest test equipment, zero in on and replace malfunctioning components, and perform reassembly.This is a comprehensive guide for anyone seeking to better understand electronic products, from stereos and flat-screen TVs to laptops and mobile devices. This new edition includes expanded introductory explanations helping novices dig in with less difficulty and advance to more involved circuit concepts as their understanding grows. It also includes new material about hot-air soldering statio

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Book SynopsisThis seventh edition of Fitzgerald and Kingsley''s Electric Machinery by Stephen Umans was developed recognizing the strength of this classic text since its first edition has been the emphasis on building an understanding of the fundamental physical principles underlying the performance of electric machines. Much has changed since the publication of the first edition, yet the basic physical principles remain the same, and this seventh edition is intended to retain the focus on these principles in the context of today''s technology.Table of ContentsChapter 1 - Magnetic Circuits and Magnetic MaterialsChapter 2 - TransformersChapter 3 - Electromechanical-Energy-Conversion PrinciplesChapter 4 - Introduction to Rotating MachinesChapter 5 - Synchronous MachinesChapter 6 - Polyphase Induction MachinesChapter 7 - DC MachinesChapter 8 - Variable-Reluctance Machines and Stepping MotorsChapter 9 - Single-and Two-Phase MotorsChapter 10 - Speed and Torque ControlAppendix A - Three-Phase CircuitsAppendix B - Voltages, Magnetic Fields, and Inductances of Distributed AC WindingsAppendix C - The dq0 TransformationAppendix D - Engineering Aspects of Practical Electric Machine Performance and OperationAppendix E - Table of Constants and Conversion Factors for SI Units

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Book SynopsisFirst published just over 50 years ago and now in its Eighth Edition, Bill Hayt and John Buck's Engineering Electromagnetics is a classic text that has been updated for electromagnetics education today. This widely-respected book stresses fundamental concepts and problem solving, and discusses the material in an understandable and readable way. Numerous illustrations and analogies are provided to aid the reader in grasping the difficult concepts. In addition, independent learning is facilitated by the presence of many examples and problems. Important updates and revisions have been included in this edition. One of the most significant is a new chapter on electromagnetic radiation and antennas. This chapter covers the basic principles of radiation, wire antennas, simple arrays, and transmit-receive systems.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Vector AnalysisChapter 2: Coulomb's Law and Electric Field IntensityChapter 3: Electric Flux Density, Gauss' Law, and DivergenceChapter 4: Energy and PotentialChapter 5: Conductors and DielectricsChapter 6: CapacitanceChapter 7: The Steady Magnetic FieldChapter 8: Magnetic Forces, Materials and InductanceChapter 9: Time-Varying Fields and Maxwell's EquationsChapter 10: Transmission LinesChapter 11: The Uniform Plane WaveChapter 12: Plane Wave Reflection and DispersionChapter 13: Guided WavesChapter 14: Electromagnetic Radiation and AntennasAppendix A Vector AnalysisAppendix B UnitsAppendix C Material ConstantsAppendix D The Uniqueness TheoremAppendix E Origins of the Complex PrimitivityAppendix F Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems

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Book SynopsisIntroduction to Graphics Communications for Engineers, Fifth Edition, is a workbook that teaches the fundamentals of sketching and engineering graphics principles in addition to improving the visualization abilities of students. The primary goal of this text is to assist students in learning the techniques and standards of communicating graphically so that design ideas can be clearly communicated and produced. This introductory text is for students in technical drawing and engineering graphics courses at both two- and four-year schools.Table of Contents1 Introduction to Graphics Communications2 Sketching and Text3 Section and Auxiliary Views4 Dimensioning and Tolerancing5 Reading and Constructing6 Design and 3-D ModelingSupplement Design ProblemsAdditional Problems and WorksheetsAppendix: Decimal and Millimeter EquivalentsIndex

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Book SynopsisAn up-to-date guide to creating your own fun and useful Raspberry Piâ programs This fully updated guide shows how to create inventive programs and fun games on your powerful Raspberry Piâwith no programming experience required. Programming the Raspberry Piâ: Getting Started with Python, Third Edition addresses physical changes and new setup procedures as well as OS updates to the current version 4. You will discover how to configure hardware and software, write Python scripts, create user-friendly GUIs, and control external electronics. Step-by-step projects include a digital clock prototype and a fully functioning Raspberry Pi robot. Configure your Raspberry Pi and explore its features Start writing and debugging Python programs Use strings, lists, functions, and dictionaries Work with modules, classes, and methods Apply object-oriented development methods Create user-friendly games using Pygame<Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroduction1 Introduction What Is the Raspberry Pi? What Can You Do with a Raspberry Pi? A Tour of the Raspberry Pi Setting Up Your Raspberry Pi Booting Up Summary2 Getting Started Linux The Desktop The Command Line Applications Internet Resources Summary3 Python Basics Mu Numbers Variables For Loops Simulating Dice If While The Python Shell from the Terminal Summary4 Strings, Lists, and Dictionaries String Theory Lists Functions Hangman Dictionaries Tuples Exceptions Summary of Functions Summary5 Modules, Classes, and Methods Modules Object Orientation Defining Classes Inheritance Summary6 Files and the Internet Files Pickling JSON Internet Summary7 Graphical User Interfaces guizero Hello World Temperature Converter Other GUI Widgets Pop-Ups Menus Summary8 Games Programming What Is Pygame? Coordinates Hello Pygame A Raspberry Game Summary9 Interfacing Hardware GPIO Pin Connections Breadboarding with Jumper Wires Digital Outputs Analog Outputs Digital Inputs Analog Inputs HATs Summary10 LED Fader Project What You Need Hardware Assembly Software Summary11 Prototyping Project (Clock) What You Need Hardware Assembly Software Phase Two Summary12 Raspberry Pi Robot Set Up the Raspberry Pi Zero W Web-Controlled Rover Autonomous Rover Summary13 What Next Linux Resources Python Resources Raspberry Pi Resources Programming Languages Other Languages Applications and Projects SummaryIndex

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Book SynopsisProfessional CUDA Programming in C provides down to earth coverage of the complex topic of parallel computing, a topic increasingly essential in every day computing. This entry-level programming book for professionals turns complex subjects into easy-to-comprehend concepts and easy-to-follows steps.Table of ContentsForeword xvii Preface xix Introduction xxi Chapter 1: Heterogeneous Parallel Computing with CUDA 1 Parallel Computing 2 Sequential and Parallel Programming 3 Parallelism 4 Computer Architecture 6 Heterogeneous Computing 8 Heterogeneous Architecture 9 Paradigm of Heterogeneous Computing 12 CUDA: A Platform for Heterogeneous Computing 14 Hello World from GPU 17 Is CUDA C Programming Difficult? 20 Summary 21 Chapter 2: CUDA Programming Model 23 Introducing the CUDA Programming Model 23 CUDA Programming Structure 25 Managing Memory 26 Organizing Threads 30 Launching a CUDA Kernel 36 Writing Your Kernel 37 Verifying Your Kernel 39 Handling Errors 40 Compiling and Executing 40 Timing Your Kernel 43 Timing with CPU Timer 44 Timing with nvprof 47 Organizing Parallel Threads 49 Indexing Matrices with Blocks and Threads 49 Summing Matrices with a 2D Grid and 2D Blocks 53 Summing Matrices with a 1D Grid and 1D Blocks 57 Summing Matrices with a 2D Grid and 1D Blocks 58 Managing Devices 60 Using the Runtime API to Query GPU Information 61 Determining the Best GPU 63 Using nvidia-smi to Query GPU Information 63 Setting Devices at Runtime 64 Summary 65 Chapter 3: CUDA Execution Model 67 Introducing the CUDA Execution Model 67 GPU Architecture Overview 68 The Fermi Architecture 71 The Kepler Architecture 73 Profile-Driven Optimization 78 Understanding the Nature of Warp Execution 80 Warps and Thread Blocks 80 Warp Divergence 82 Resource Partitioning 87 Latency Hiding 90 Occupancy 93 Synchronization 97 Scalability 98 Exposing Parallelism 98 Checking Active Warps with nvprof 100 Checking Memory Operations with nvprof 100 Exposing More Parallelism 101 Avoiding Branch Divergence 104 The Parallel Reduction Problem 104 Divergence in Parallel Reduction 106 Improving Divergence in Parallel Reduction 110 Reducing with Interleaved Pairs 112 Unrolling Loops 114 Reducing with Unrolling 115 Reducing with Unrolled Warps 117 Reducing with Complete Unrolling 119 Reducing with Template Functions 120 Dynamic Parallelism 122 Nested Execution 123 Nested Hello World on the GPU 124 Nested Reduction 128 Summary 132 Chapter 4: Global Memory 135 Introducing the CUDA Memory Model 136 Benefits of a Memory Hierarchy 136 CUDA Memory Model 137 Memory Management 145 Memory Allocation and Deallocation 146 Memory Transfer 146 Pinned Memory 148 Zero-Copy Memory 150 Unified Virtual Addressing 156 Unified Memory 157 Memory Access Patterns 158 Aligned and Coalesced Access 158 Global Memory Reads 160 Global Memory Writes 169 Array of Structures versus Structure of Arrays 171 Performance Tuning 176 What Bandwidth Can a Kernel Achieve? 179 Memory Bandwidth 179 Matrix Transpose Problem 180 Matrix Addition with Unified Memory 195 Summary 199 Chapter 5: Shared Memory and Constant Memory 203 Introducing CUDA Shared Memory 204 Shared Memory 204 Shared Memory Allocation 206 Shared Memory Banks and Access Mode 206 Configuring the Amount of Shared Memory 212 Synchronization 214 Checking the Data Layout of Shared Memory 216 Square Shared Memory 217 Rectangular Shared Memory 225 Reducing Global Memory Access 232 Parallel Reduction with Shared Memory 232 Parallel Reduction with Unrolling 236 Parallel Reduction with Dynamic Shared Memory 238 Effective Bandwidth 239 Coalescing Global Memory Accesses 239 Baseline Transpose Kernel 240 Matrix Transpose with Shared Memory 241 Matrix Transpose with Padded Shared Memory 245 Matrix Transpose with Unrolling 246 Exposing More Parallelism 249 Constant Memory 250 Implementing a 1D Stencil with Constant Memory 250 Comparing with the Read-Only Cache 253 The Warp Shuffle Instruction 255 Variants of the Warp Shuffle Instruction 256 Sharing Data within a Warp 258 Parallel Reduction Using the Warp Shuffle Instruction 262 Summary 264 Chapter 6: Streams and Concurrency 267 Introducing Streams and Events 268 CUDA Streams 269 Stream Scheduling 271 Stream Priorities 273 CUDA Events 273 Stream Synchronization 275 Concurrent Kernel Execution 279 Concurrent Kernels in Non-NULL Streams 279 False Dependencies on Fermi GPUs 281 Dispatching Operations with OpenMP 283 Adjusting Stream Behavior Using Environment Variables 284 Concurrency-Limiting GPU Resources 286 Blocking Behavior of the Default Stream 287 Creating Inter-Stream Dependencies 288 Overlapping Kernel Execution and Data Transfer 289 Overlap Using Depth-First Scheduling 289 Overlap Using Breadth-First Scheduling 293 Overlapping GPU and CPU Execution 294 Stream Callbacks 295 Summary 297 Chapter 7: Tuning Instruction-Level Primitives 299 Introducing CUDA Instructions 300 Floating-Point Instructions 301 Intrinsic and Standard Functions 303 Atomic Instructions 304 Optimizing Instructions for Your Application 306 Single-Precision vs. Double-Precision 306 Standard vs. Intrinsic Functions 309 Understanding Atomic Instructions 315 Bringing It All Together 322 Summary 324 Chapter 8: GPU-Accelerated CUDA Libraries and OpenACC 327 Introducing the CUDA Libraries 328 Supported Domains for CUDA Libraries 329 A Common Library Workflow 330 The CUSPARSE Library 332 cuSPARSE Data Storage Formats 333 Formatting Conversion with cuSPARSE 337 Demonstrating cuSPARSE 338 Important Topics in cuSPARSE Development 340 cuSPARSE Summary 341 The cuBLAS Library 341 Managing cuBLAS Data 342 Demonstrating cuBLAS 343 Important Topics in cuBLAS Development 345 cuBLAS Summary 346 The cuFFT Library 346 Using the cuFFT API 347 Demonstrating cuFFT 348 cuFFT Summary 349 The cuRAND Library 349 Choosing Pseudo- or Quasi- Random Numbers 349 Overview of the cuRAND Library 350 Demonstrating cuRAND 354 Important Topics in cuRAND Development 357 CUDA Library Features Introduced in CUDA 6 358 Drop-In CUDA Libraries 358 Multi-GPU Libraries 359 A Survey of CUDA Library Performance 361 cuSPARSE versus MKL 361 cuBLAS versus MKL BLAS 362 cuFFT versus FFTW versus MKL 363 CUDA Library Performance Summary 364 Using OpenACC 365 Using OpenACC Compute Directives 367 Using OpenACC Data Directives 375 The OpenACC Runtime API 380 Combining OpenACC and the CUDA Libraries 382 Summary of OpenACC 384 Summary 384 Chapter 9: Multi-GPU Programming 387 Moving to Multiple GPUs 388 Executing on Multiple GPUs 389 Peer-to-Peer Communication 391 Synchronizing across Multi-GPUs 392 Subdividing Computation across Multiple GPUs 393 Allocating Memory on Multiple Devices 393 Distributing Work from a Single Host Thread 394 Compiling and Executing 395 Peer-to-Peer Communication on Multiple GPUs 396 Enabling Peer-to-Peer Access 396 Peer-to-Peer Memory Copy 396 Peer-to-Peer Memory Access with Unified Virtual Addressing 398 Finite Difference on Multi-GPU 400 Stencil Calculation for 2D Wave Equation 400 Typical Patterns for Multi-GPU Programs 401 2D Stencil Computation with Multiple GPUs 403 Overlapping Computation and Communication 405 Compiling and Executing 406 Scaling Applications across GPU Clusters 409 CPU-to-CPU Data Transfer 410 GPU-to-GPU Data Transfer Using Traditional MPI 413 GPU-to-GPU Data Transfer with CUDA-aware MPI 416 Intra-Node GPU-to-GPU Data Transfer with CUDA-Aware MPI 417 Adjusting Message Chunk Size 418 GPU to GPU Data Transfer with GPUDirect RDMA 419 Summary 422 Chapter 10: Implementation Considerations 425 The CUDA C Development Process 426 APOD Development Cycle 426 Optimization Opportunities 429 CUDA Code Compilation 432 CUDA Error Handling 437 Profile-Driven Optimization 438 Finding Optimization Opportunities Using nvprof 439 Guiding Optimization Using nvvp 443 NVIDIA Tools Extension 446 CUDA Debugging 448 Kernel Debugging 448 Memory Debugging 456 Debugging Summary 462 A Case Study in Porting C Programs to CUDA C 462 Assessing crypt 463 Parallelizing crypt 464 Optimizing crypt 465 Deploying Crypt 472 Summary of Porting crypt 475 Summary 476 Appendix: Suggested Readings 477 Index 481

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Book SynopsisPhysics of Energy Sourcesprovides readers with a balanced presentation of the fundamental physics needed to understand and analyze conventional and renewable energy sources including nuclear, solar, wind and water power. It also presents various ways in which energy can be stored for future use.Table of ContentsEditors’ preface to the Manchester Physics Series xi Author’s preface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Energy consumption 1 1.2 Energy sources 3 1.3 Renewable and non-renewable energy sources 5 1.4 The form and conversion of energy 6 1.4.1 Thermal energy sources 7 1.4.2 Mechanical energy sources 7 1.4.3 Photovoltaic sources 7 1.4.4 Energy storage 8 Problems 1 9 2 The atomic nucleus 11 2.1 The composition and properties of nuclei 12 2.1.1 The composition of nuclei 12 2.1.2 The size of a nucleus 14 2.1.3 The distributions of nuclear matter and charge 19 2.1.4 The mass of a nucleus 21 2.1.5 The charge of a nucleus 24 2.1.6 Nuclear binding energy 27 2.1.7 Binding energy curve of the nuclides 30 2.1.8 The semi-empirical mass formula 32 2.2 Nuclear forces and energies 35 2.2.1 Characteristics of the nuclear force 35 2.2.2 Nuclear energies 36 2.2.3 Quantum mechanical description of a particle in a potential well 39 2.3 Radioactivity and nuclear stability 47 2.3.1 Segré chart of the stable nuclides 48 2.3.2 Decay laws of radioactivity 49 2.3.3 α, β and γ decay 57 Problems 2 67 3 Nuclear power 71 3.1 How to get energy from the nucleus 71 3.2 Nuclear reactions 73 3.2.1 Nuclear reactions 73 3.2.2 Q-value of a nuclear reaction 74 3.2.3 Reaction cross-sections and reaction rates 76 3.3 Nuclear fission 82 3.3.1 Liquid-drop model of nuclear fission 83 3.3.2 Induced nuclear fission 86 3.3.3 Fission cross-sections 87 3.3.4 Fission reactions and products 88 3.3.5 Energy in fission 90 3.3.6 Moderation of fast neutrons 92 3.3.7 Uranium enrichment 93 3.4 Controlled fission reactions 97 3.4.1 Chain reactions 97 3.4.2 Control of fission reactions 101 3.4.3 Fission reactors 103 3.4.4 Commercial nuclear reactors 105 3.4.5 Nuclear waste 107 3.5 Nuclear fusion 109 3.5.1 Fusion reactions 110 3.5.2 Energy in fusion 111 3.5.3 Coulomb barrier for nuclear fusion 113 3.5.4 Fusion reaction rates 113 3.5.5 Performance criteria 115 3.5.6 Controlled thermonuclear fusion 117 Problems 3 123 4 Solar power 127 4.1 Stellar fusion 128 4.1.1 Star formation and evolution 128 4.1.2 Thermonuclear fusion in the Sun: the proton–proton cycle 131 4.1.3 Solar radiation 132 4.2 Blackbody radiation 134 4.2.1 Laws of blackbody radiation 135 4.2.2 Emissivity 137 4.2.3 Birth of the photon 141 4.3 Solar radiation and its interaction with the Earth 145 4.3.1 Characteristics of solar radiation 145 4.3.2 Interaction of solar radiation with Earth and its atmosphere 147 4.3.3 Penetration of solar energy into the ground 155 4.4 Geothermal energy 159 4.4.1 Shallow geothermal energy 160 4.4.2 Deep geothermal energy 161 4.5 Solar heaters 162 4.5.1 Solar water heaters 162 4.5.2 Heat transfer processes 165 4.5.3 Solar thermal power systems 172 4.6 Heat engines: converting heat into work 174 4.6.1 Equation of state of an ideal gas 175 4.6.2 Internal energy, work and heat: the first law of thermodynamics 177 4.6.3 Specific heats of gases 181 4.6.4 Isothermal and adiabatic expansion 183 4.6.5 Heat engines and the second law of thermodynamics 185 Problems 4 196 5 Semiconductor solar cells 201 5.1 Introduction 201 5.2 Semiconductors 204 5.2.1 The band structure of crystalline solids 204 5.2.2 Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors 208 5.3 The p–n junction 214 5.3.1 The p–n junction in equilibrium 214 5.3.2 The biased p–n junction 217 5.3.3 The current–voltage characteristic of a p–n junction 219 5.3.4 Electron and hole concentrations in a semiconductor 222 5.3.5 The Fermi energy in a p–n junction 227 5.4 Semiconductor solar cells 229 5.4.1 Photon absorption at a p–n junction 229 5.4.2 Power generation by a solar cell 231 5.4.3 Maximum power delivery from a solar cell 235 5.4.4 The Shockley–Queisser limit 238 5.4.5 Solar cell construction 240 5.4.6 Increasing the efficiency of solar cells and alternative solar cell materials 243 Problems 5 248 6 Wind power 251 6.1 A brief history of wind power 251 6.2 Origin and directions of the wind 253 6.2.1 The Coriolis force 253 6.3 The flow of ideal fluids 256 6.3.1 The continuity equation 257 6.3.2 Bernoulli’s equation 258 6.4 Extraction of wind power by a turbine 263 6.4.1 The Betz criterion 265 6.4.2 Action of wind turbine blades 268 6.5 Wind turbine design and operation 271 6.6 Siting of a wind turbine 277 Problems 6 280 7 Water power 283 7.1 Hydroelectric power 284 7.1.1 The hydroelectric plant and its principles of operation 284 7.1.2 Flow of a viscous fluid in a pipe 286 7.1.3 Hydroelectric turbines 288 7.2 Wave power 291 7.2.1 Wave motion 292 7.2.2 Water waves 306 7.2.3 Wave energy converters 319 7.3 Tidal power 324 7.3.1 Origin of the tides 325 7.3.2 Variation and enhancement of tidal range 335 7.3.3 Harnessing tidal power 341 Problems 7 346 8 Energy storage 349 8.1 Types of energy storage 350 8.2 Chemical energy storage 351 8.2.1 Biological energy storage 351 8.2.2 Hydrogen energy storage 351 8.3 Thermal energy storage 352 8.4 Mechanical energy storage 355 8.4.1 Pumped hydroelectric energy storage 355 8.4.2 Compressed air energy storage 357 8.4.3 Flywheel energy storage 361 8.5 Electrical energy storage 364 8.5.1 Capacitors and super-capacitors 365 8.5.2 Superconducting magnetic storage 367 8.5.3 Rechargeable batteries 368 8.5.4 Fuel cells 370 8.6 Distribution of electrical power 372 Problems 8 374 Solutions to problems 377 Index 397

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents Part I: Program Structure and Execution Chapter 1: A Tour of Computer Systems Chapter 2: Representing and Manipulating Information Chapter 3: Machine-Level Representation of Programs Chapter 4: Processor Architecture Chapter 5: Optimizing Program Performance Chapter 6: The Memory Hierarchy Part II: Running Programs on a System Chapter 7: Linking Chapter 8: Exceptional Control Flow Chapter 9: Virtual Memory Part III: Interaction and Communication Between Programs Chapter 10: System-Level I/O Chapter 11: Network Programming Chapter 12: Concurrent Programming Appendix Error Handling

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents 1. Digital Concepts. 2. Number Systems, Operations, and Codes. 3. Logic Gates. 4. Boolean Algebra and Logic Simplification. 5. Combinational Logic Analysis. 6. Functions of Combinational Logic. 7. Latches, Flip-Flops, and Timers. 8. Shift Registers. 9. Counters. 10. Programmable Logic. 11. Data Storage 12. Signal Conversion and Processing. 13. Data Transmission. 14. Data Processing. 15. Integrated Circuit Technologies.

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Book SynopsisThe industry standard guide to room acousticsâfully updated with the latest advancesBased on the classic text written by acoustics pioneer F. Alton Everest, this revised resource presents the fundamentals of acoustics along with time-tested solutions and detailed room designs. Master Handbook of Acoustics, Seventh Edition explains the art and science of room acoustics and architecture by combining theoretical instruction with matter-of-fact engineering advice. The numerous room designs insideâcomplete with floor and elevation plans and performance analysesâcan be built as presented or adapted to meet specific needs. You will get designs new to this edition, including video teleconferencing rooms and voice studios, as well as new details on listening room and recording studio construction.Inside, youâll discover how to: Control and utilize sound reflection, absorption, diffraction, and diffusion Calculate room reflections, reverberation

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Book SynopsisSoll in Ihrem Unternehmen neue Software eingeführt werden und Sie müssen sie testen? Und Sie wissen nicht, wie Sie das angehen sollen? Oder wollen Sie als Entwickler über den Tellerrand schauen und sich auch mit dem Softwaretesten beschäftigen? Dieses Buch erläutert alle vom ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level geforderten Lerninhalte sowohl für den Anwender mit Fachkenntnissen, der Software später einsetzen wird, als auch für den Programmierer. Die Übungen sind leicht in die eigene Praxis übertragbar und sorgen für eine optimale Prüfungsvorbereitung. Darüber hinaus wird für alle Testaktivitäten gezeigt, wie diese jeweils im klassischen oder im agilen Kontext aussehen.Table of ContentsÜber die Autorin 9 Einführung 21 Über dieses Buch 21 Was Sie nicht lesen müssen 22 Törichte Annahmen über die Leser 23 Wie Sie dieses Buch nutzen 24 Wie dieses Buch aufgebaut ist 25 Konventionen und Symbole, die in diesem Buch verwendet werden 26 Teil I: Testen ist mehr als die Summe seiner Teile 29 Kapitel 1 Mal eben schnell was testen?! 31 Warum getestet wird 31 Was beim Testen an Fehlern & Co herauskommt 33 Wie Testen funktioniert 35 Testplanung 35 Testüberwachung und –steuerung 37 Testanalyse 37 Testentwurf 39 Testrealisierung 40 Testdurchführung 40 Testabschluss 41 Wie Werkzeuge das Testen unterstützen 41 Kapitel 2 Grundlegendes Handwerkszeug 43 Fehlverhalten erzeugt Fehlerzustände 43 Fehlerzustände entfernen 43 Fehler analysieren 45 Falsch positiv und falsch negativ 45 Die Dokumente – was der Testprozess so alles produziert 46 Ganz am Anfang: Testplanung 47 Am roten Test-Faden entlang: Testüberwachung und –steuerung 48 Tests vorbereiten und schon einmal die ersten Fehlerzustände entdecken 50 Von Testbedingungen zu Testfällen 52 Endlich wird es realisiert 53 Der Test läuft, läuft nicht, läuft … 54 Und zum guten Schluss … 55 Grundsätze des Testens 55 Grundsatz 1: Testen zeigt die Anwesenheit von Fehlerzuständen, nicht deren Abwesenheit 56 Grundsatz 2: Vollständiges Testen ist nicht möglich 56 Grundsatz 3: Frühes Testen spart Zeit und Geld 56 Grundsatz 4: Häufung von Fehlerzuständen 57 Grundsatz 5: Vorsicht vor dem Pestizid-Paradoxon 57 Grundsatz 6: Testen ist kontextabhängig 57 Grundsatz 7: Trugschluss: »Keine Fehler« bedeutet ein brauchbares System 58 Und die Moral von der Geschicht’ – Ethische Grundlagen 58 Öffentlichkeit – Bitte nicht testen 58 Kunde und Arbeitgeber – Kühl genug? 59 Produkt – Super User? 59 Urteilsvermögen – Hoher Blutdruck 60 Management – Den Urlaub verschieben 60 Berufsbild – Klatsch und Tratsch 61 Kollegen – Kollegial? 61 Persönlich – Lebenslang für Tester 62 Kapitel 3 Gutes Testen zur rechten Zeit 63 Der Software-Kontext macht das Testen 63 Im V-oder W-Modell unterwegs 65 Testen im agilen Kontext 69 Das agile Manifest und die zwölf agilen Prinzipien 70 Scrum 72 Qualität geht vor 75 Gutes Testen überall 75 Kapitel 4 Testen von Stufe zu Stufe 77 Komponententest: Klitzekleine Teststückchen 78 Integrationstest: Mehr als die Summe seiner Teile 80 Big Bang 82 Top-down 82 Bottom-up 84 Ad hoc (ASAP) 85 Critical-First 85 Backbone 85 Continuous Integration 88 Auswahl einer Integrationsteststrategie 90 Systemtest: Das große Ganze 91 Abnahmetest: Der Wert für den Kunden 93 Benutzerabnahmetests 94 Betrieblicher Abnahmetest 95 Vertraglicher Abnahmetest 95 Regulatorischer Abnahmetest 96 Alpha-Tests 96 Beta-Tests 96 Pflege und Wartung 97 Teil II: Statisches und dynamisches Testen 99 Kapitel 5 Statisches Testen 101 Was wird analysiert? 101 Vorteile statischer Tests 102 Fehlersuche im Team 104 Reviewarten 105 Die verschiedenen Phasen 107 Planung 108 Reviewbeginn 110 Individuelles Review (individuelle Vorbereitung) 111 Befundkommunikation und –analyse 111 Fehlerbehebung und –bericht 114 Rollen, die das Review ins Rollen bringen 116 Der Autor 116 Der Reviewleiter und der Moderator 117 Die Reviewer 118 Der Protokollant 118 Lesetechniken 119 Ad hoc 119 Checklistenbasiert 119 Perspektivenbasiert 120 Rollenbasiert 121 Szenarien und Probeläufe (Dry Runs) 122 Sichere Methoden für den Untergang 123 Kapitel 6 Was beim Testen dokumentiert wird 127 Testentwurfsspezifikationen 129 Tests aneinanderketten 132 Weitere Testdokumente 133 Kapitel 7 Black-Box-Verfahren 137 Äquivalenzklassenbildung: Alle Eingaben sind gleichwertig 138 Genug getestet? 147 Grenzwertanalyse: Bis ans Limit gehen 152 Genug getestet? 156 Hysteresen 157 Entscheidungstabellentest: Keine schwere Entscheidung 159 Beispielspezifikation »Neuer Bonus auf Zahnersatz« 159 Genug getestet? 165 Zustandsbasierter Test: Zustände sind das hier! 166 Zustandsgraphen 167 Testfallerstellung in 5 Schritten 168 Anmeldung in der Musikschule 169 Genug getestet? 179 Anwendungsfallbasierter Test: Szenarien durchspielen 182 Genug getestet? 185 Kapitel 8 White-Box-Verfahren 187 Strukturen durchschauen 188 Beispiel »Seminare buchen« 188 Schwächen entdecken 188 Kontrollflussgraphen 190 Knoten für Knoten 192 Kante für Kante 194 Mehr als Knoten und Kanten 196 Eine Schleife drehen und noch eine und noch eine … 196 Schwierige Entscheidungen in Kontrollflussgraphen 197 Kapitel 9 Mehr als bloße Intuition 201 Abgehakte Listen 202 Exploratives Testen – der Forschermodus 203 Mythos 1: Exploratives Testen geht schneller 205 Mythos 2: Exploratives Testen ist planloses Herumspielen 206 Mythos 3: Explorativ testet man immer alleine 206 Mythos 4: Exploratives Testen wird nicht dokumentiert 206 Wann exploratives Testen gut funktioniert 207 Heuristiken – keine Nadel im Heuhaufen 208 Kapitel 10 Gestresste Systeme und anderes Nicht-Funktionales 211 Von Zeiten, Lasten und Stress 213 Zum Beispiel Benutzbarkeit 215 Warte nur ein Weilchen auf die Wartbarkeit 216 Re(gressions)tests 218 Testen im Betrieb und nach Betriebsschluss 218 Teil III: Das Testen managen 221 Kapitel 11 Gut geplant = halb getestet 223 Von Menschen und Rollen 225 Der Tester 225 Der Testmanager 229 Wer beim Planen scheitert 230 Unterstützen Sie das Lesen des Testkonzepts 235 (Test-) Kommunikationsplan 238 Risikomanagement 238 Teststrategie 239 Testaktivitäten und Abschätzungen 239 Testteam 240 Zeitplan 241 Vielfältige Teststrategie 242 Testwürdigkeit, Eingangs-und Endekriterien 245 So ein Aufwand 247 Kapitel 12 Das Testen dirigieren 253 Standpunkt feststellen 253 Testfortschritt 254 Fehlerstatus 255 Teststatus 256 Abdeckungsmaße 257 (Test-) Projekt-Kennzahlen 258 Blitzlicht 259 Daily Standup 259 Testmanagement an der Kaffeemaschine 260 Vom Testen berichten 260 Teststatusbericht 261 Testabschlussbericht 263 Zurück zum Plan 264 Instabile Testbasis 264 Lieferung der Testobjekte verzögert sich 264 Zu viele Fehlermeldungen 265 Was schiefgehen kann, geht schief 266 Kapitel 13 No risk, no test 269 Auf die Formulierung kommt es an 270 Dreierlei Maßnahmen 272 Risikobasiertes Testen 273 Teil IV: Unterstützendes 279 Kapitel 14 Tester ticken anders als Entwickler 281 Man muss nur mit den Leuten reden 281 Destruktive Tester, konstruktive Entwickler 284 Sage mir nur, was ich schon glaube 285 Kapitel 15 Konfigurationen managen 287 Von Mastern und Zweigen 290 Ordnung ist das halbe Testen 291 Kapitel 16 Von Abweichungen und anderen Störungen 293 »Gute« Fehler melden 295 Der Lebenslauf eines Fehlers 299 Was Tester sonst noch finden 301 Kapitel 17 Werkzeuge des Testens 303 Wer misst, misst Mist 304 Mehr als nur Testautomaten 305 Management von Tests und Testmitteln 305 Unterstützung statischer Tests 306 Unterstützung von Testentwurf und –realisierung 307 Unterstützung von Testdurchführung und –protokollierung 307 Messung von Performanz und dynamische Analysen 308 Spezialwerkzeuge 308 A fool with a tool 309 Risiken und Nebenwirkungen 310 Datengetriebene Testverfahren und Skripte 312 Schlüsselwortgetriebene Testverfahren 313 Auswertung automatisierter Tests 313 Vom Modell zum Test 313 Schnittstellen 314 Welches Tool hätten’S denn gern? 314 Teil V: Der Top-Ten-Teil 319 Kapitel 18 Zehn Tipps für agiles Testen 321 Interpretieren Sie das Agile Manifest für sich 321 Picken Sie keine agilen Rosinen 321 Schätzen Sie als Tester mit 322 Prüfen Sie die Testbasis schon im ersten Meeting 322 Nutzen Sie das Daily Standup aktiv 323 Pull statt Push 323 Arbeiten Sie nicht für die Ablage P 324 Machen Sie keine Überstunden 324 Prüfen Sie Ihre Teststrategie mit dem agilen Testquadranten 325 Testen Sie nicht alleine 326 Kapitel 19 Zehn Bücher, die Sie weiterbringen 327 A Coach’s Guide to Agile Testing 327 ATDD in der Praxis (ATDD by Example) 328 Bärentango 328 Critical Testing Processes 329 Fifty Quick Ideas to Improve Your Tests 329 Lessons Learned in Software Testing 330 Managing the Test People 331 Post Mortem 331 Reviews in der System-und Softwareentwicklung 332 Testing Embedded Software 332 Anhang A Musterlösungen 333 Abbildungsverzeichnis 351 Stichwortverzeichnis 355

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Book SynopsisThe classic guide to power system stability and controlâupdated for the latest advancesThis thoroughly revised engineering guide contains the hands-on information needed to understand, model, analyze, and solve problems using the latest technical tools. You will explore the structure of modern power systems, the different levels of control, and the nature of stability problems. Power System Stability and Control, Second Edition contains complete explanations of equipment characteristics and modeling techniques along with real-world examples. This edition features coverage of adaptive control and other emerging applications, including cyber security of power systems.Coverage includes: General characteristics of modern power systems The power grid stability problem Synchronous machine theory and modelling Synchronous machine parameters Synchronous machine representation in stability studies AC transmission<

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Book Synopsis Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. This updated resource shows how to interpret schematic diagramsâand design your own Written by an experienced engineer, this easy-to-follow TAB guide shows, step-by-step, how to navigate the roadmaps of electronic circuits and systems. Filled with new illustrations and DIY examples, the book clearly explains how to understand and create high-precision electronics diagrams. You will discover how to identify parts and connections, interpret element ratings, and apply diagram-based information in your own projects. Beginnerâs Guide to Reading Schematics, Fourth Edition, also contains valuable appendices covering symbols, resistor color codes, and parts suppliers.Table of ContentsIntroduction1 The Master PlanBlock DiagramsSchematic DiagramsSchematic SymbologyComponent InterconnectionsA Visual Language2 Block DiagramsA Simple ExampleFunctional DrawingsCurrent and Signal PathsFlowchartsProcess PathsSummary3 Components and DevicesResistorsCapacitorsInductors and TransformersSwitches and RelaysConductors and CablesDiodes and TransistorsOperational AmplifiersElectron TubesElectrochemical Cells and BatteriesLogic GatesSummary4 Simple CircuitsGetting StartedComponent LabelingTroubleshooting with SchematicsA More Sophisticated DiagramSchematic/Block HybridsA Vacuum-Tube RF AmplifierThree Basic Logic CircuitsSummary5 Complex CircuitsIdentifying the Building BlocksPage BreaksSome More CircuitsGetting Comfortable with Large SchematicsOp Amp CircuitsSummary6 Diagrams for Building And TestingYour BreadboardWire WrappingKirchhoff’s Current LawKirchhoff’s Voltage LawA Resistive Voltage DividerA Diode-Based Voltage ReducerMismatched Lamps in SeriesA Compass-Based GalvanometerSummary and ConclusionA Schematic SymbolsB Resistor Color CodesC Parts SuppliersSuggested Additional ReadingIndex

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPreface to the First Edition xix Preface to the Second Edition xxi Nomenclature xxiii Part I Methodology 1 1 Fundamentals 3 1.1 System of Units 3 1.2 Fluid Properties 4 1.2.1 Pressure 4 1.2.2 Temperature 5 1.2.3 Density 6 1.2.4 Viscosity 6 1.2.5 Energy 7 1.2.6 Heat 7 1.3 Velocity 8 1.4 Important Dimensionless Ratios 8 1.4.1 Reynolds Number 8 1.4.2 Relative Roughness 9 1.4.3 Loss Coefficient 9 1.4.4 Mach Number 9 1.4.5 Froude Number 9 1.4.6 Reduced Pressure 10 1.4.7 Reduced Temperature 10 1.4.8 Ratio of Specific Heats 10 1.5 Equations of State 10 1.5.1 Equation of State of Liquids 10 1.5.2 Equation of State of Gases 11 1.5.3 Two-Phase Mixtures 11 1.6 Flow Regimes 12 1.7 Similarity 12 1.7.1 The Principle of Similarity 12 1.7.2 Limitations 13 References 13 Further Reading 13 2 Conservation Equations 15 2.1 Conservation of Mass 15 2.2 Conservation of Momentum 15 2.3 The Momentum Flux Correction Factor 17 2.4 Conservation of Energy 18 2.4.1 Potential Energy 18 2.4.2 Pressure Energy 19 2.4.3 Kinetic Energy 19 2.4.4 Heat Energy 19 2.4.5 Mechanical Work Energy 20 2.5 General Energy Equation 20 2.6 Head Loss 21 2.7 The Kinetic Energy Correction Factor 21 2.8 Conventional Head Loss 22 2.9 Grade Lines 23 References 23 Further Reading 23 3 Incompressible Flow 25 3.1 Conventional Head Loss 25 3.2 Sources of Head Loss 26 3.2.1 Surface Friction Loss 26 3.2.1.1 Laminar Flow 26 3.2.1.2 Turbulent Flow 26 3.2.1.3 Reynolds Number 27 3.2.1.4 Friction Factor 27 3.2.2 Induced Turbulence 29 3.2.3 Summing Loss Coefficients 31 References 31 Further Reading 32 4 Compressible Flow 33 4.1 Introduction 33 4.2 Problem Solution Methods 34 4.3 Approximate Compressible Flow using Incompressible Flow Equations 34 4.3.1 Using Inlet or Outlet Properties 35 4.3.2 Using Average of Inlet and Outlet Properties 35 4.3.2.1 Simple Average Properties 35 4.3.2.2 Comprehensive Average Properties 36 4.3.3 Using Expansion Factors 37 4.4 Adiabatic Compressible Flow with Friction: Ideal Equations 39 4.4.1 Shapiro’s Adiabatic Flow Equation 39 4.4.1.1 Solution when Static Pressure and Static Temperature Are Known 39 4.4.1.2 Solution when Static Pressure and Total Temperature Are Known 41 4.4.1.3 Solution when Total Pressure and Total Temperature Are Known 41 4.4.1.4 Solution when Total Pressure and Static Temperature Are Known 42 4.4.2 Turton’s Adiabatic Flow Equation 42 4.4.3 Binder’s Adiabatic Flow Equation 43 4.5 Isothermal Compressible Flow with Friction: Ideal Equation 43 4.6 Isentropic Flow: Treating Changes in Flow Area 44 4.7 Pressure Drop in Valves 45 4.8 Two-Phase Flow 45 4.9 Example Problems: Adiabatic Flow with Friction using Guess Work 45 4.9.1 Solve for p2 and t2 − K, p1 , t1 , and ẇ are Known 46 4.9.1.1 Solve Using Expansion Factor Y 46 4.9.1.2 Solve Using Shapiro’s Equation 47 4.9.1.3 Solve Using Binder’s Equation 47 4.9.1.4 Solve Using Turton’s Equation 47 4.9.2 Solve for ẇ and t2 − K, p1 , t1 , and p2 are Known 48 4.9.2.1 Solve Using Expansion Factor Y 48 4.9.2.2 Solve Using Shapiro’s Equation 48 4.9.2.3 Solve Using Binder’s Equation 49 4.9.2.4 Solve Using Turton’s Equation 49 4.9.3 Observations 49 4.10 Example Problem: Natural Gas Pipeline Flow 50 4.10.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 50 4.10.2 Input Data 50 4.10.3 Initial Calculations 50 4.10.4 Solution 50 4.10.5 Comparison with Crane’s Solutions 51 References 51 Further Reading 51 5 Network Analysis 53 5.1 Coupling Effects 53 5.2 Series Flow 54 5.3 Parallel Flow 54 5.4 Branching Flow 55 5.5 Example Problem: Ring Sparger 56 5.5.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 56 5.5.2 Input Parameters 57 5.5.3 Initial Calculations 57 5.5.4 Network Flow Equations 57 5.5.4.1 Continuity Equations 57 5.5.4.2 Energy Equations 57 5.5.5 Solution 59 5.6 Example Problem: Core Spray System 59 5.6.1 New, Clean Steel Pipe 60 5.6.1.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 60 5.6.1.2 Input Parameters 60 5.6.1.3 Initial Calculations 62 5.6.1.4 Adjusted Parameters 62 5.6.1.5 Network Flow Equations 63 5.6.1.6 Solution 63 5.6.2 Moderately Corroded Steel Pipe 64 5.6.2.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 64 5.6.2.2 Input Parameters 64 5.6.2.3 Adjusted Parameters 64 5.6.2.4 Network Flow Equations 65 5.6.2.5 Solution 65 5.7 Example Problem: Main Steam Line Pressure Drop 65 5.7.1 Ground Rules and Assumptions 65 5.7.2 Input Data 66 5.7.3 Initial Calculations 67 5.7.4 Loss Coefficient Calculations 67 5.7.4.1 Individual Loss Coefficients 67 5.7.4.2 Series Loss Coefficients 68 5.7.5 Pressure Drop Calculations 68 5.7.5.1 Steam Dome to Steam Drum 68 5.7.5.2 Steam Drum to Turbine Stop Valves Pressure Drop 69 5.7.6 Predicted Pressure at Turbine Stop Valves 70 References 70 Further Reading 70 6 Transient Analysis 71 6.1 Methodology 71 6.2 Example Problem: Vessel Drain Times 72 6.2.1 Upright Cylindrical Vessel with Flat Heads 72 6.2.2 Spherical Vessel 73 6.2.3 Upright Cylindrical Vessel with Elliptical Heads 74 6.3 Example Problem: Positive Displacement Pump 75 6.3.1 No Heat Transfer 76 6.3.2 Heat Transfer 76 6.4 Example Problem: Time Step Integration 77 6.4.1 Upright Cylindrical Vessel Drain 77 6.4.1.1 Direct Solution 78 6.4.1.2 Time Step Solution 78 References 78 Further Reading 78 7 Uncertainty 79 7.1 Error Sources 79 7.2 Pressure Drop Uncertainty 81 7.3 Flow Rate Uncertainty 81 7.4 Example Problem: Pressure Drop 81 7.4.1 Input Data 81 7.4.2 Solution 82 7.5 Example Problem: Flow Rate 82 7.5.1 Input Data 83 7.5.2 Solution 83 Further Reading 84 Part II Loss Coefficients 85 8 Surface Friction 87 8.1 Reynolds Number and Surface Roughness 87 8.2 Friction Factor 87 8.2.1 Laminar Flow Region 87 8.2.2 Critical Zone 88 8.2.3 Turbulent Flow Region 88 8.2.3.1 Smooth Pipes 88 8.2.3.2 Rough Pipes 88 8.3 The Colebrook–White Equation 88 8.4 The Moody Chart 89 8.5 Explicit Friction Factor Formulations 89 8.5.1 Moody’s Approximate Formula 89 8.5.2 Wood’s Approximate Formula 90 8.5.3 The Churchill 1973 and Swamee and Jain Formulas 90 8.5.4 Chen’s Formula 90 8.5.5 Shacham’s Formula 90 8.5.6 Barr’s Formula 90 8.5.7 Haaland’s Formulas 90 8.5.8 Manadilli’s Formula 90 8.5.9 Romeo’s Formula 91 8.5.10 Evaluation of Explicit Alternatives to the Colebrook– White Equation 91 8.6 All-Regime Friction Factor Formulas 91 8.6.1 Churchill’s 1977 Formula 91 8.6.2 Modifications to Churchill’s 1977 Formula 92 8.7 Absolute Roughness of Flow Surfaces 93 8.8 Age and usage of Pipe 94 8.8.1 Corrosion and Encrustation 95 8.8.2 The Relationship Between Absolute Roughness and Friction Factor 95 8.8.3 Inherent Margin 95 8.9 Noncircular Passages 97 References 97 Further Reading 98 9 Entrances 101 9.1 Sharp-Edged Entrance 101 9.1.1 Flush Mounted 101 9.1.2 Mounted at a Distance 102 9.1.3 Mounted at an Angle 102 9.2 Rounded Entrance 103 9.3 Beveled Entrance 104 9.4 Entrance Through an Orifice 104 9.4.1 Sharp-Edged Orifice 105 9.4.2 Round-Edged Orifice 105 9.4.3 Thick-Edged Orifice 105 9.4.4 Beveled Orifice 106 References 111 Further Reading 111 10 Contractions 113 10.1 Flow Model 113 10.2 Sharp-Edged Contraction 114 10.3 Rounded Contraction 115 10.4 Conical Contraction 116 10.4.1 Surface Friction Loss 117 10.4.2 Local Loss 118 10.5 Beveled Contraction 119 10.6 Smooth Contraction 119 10.7 Pipe Reducer – Contracting 120 References 125 Further Reading 125 11 Expansions 127 11.1 Sudden Expansion 127 11.2 Straight Conical Diffuser 128 11.3 Multi-Stage Conical Diffusers 131 11.3.1 Stepped Conical Diffuser 132 11.3.2 Two-Stage Conical Diffuser 132 11.4 Curved Wall Diffuser 135 11.5 Pipe Reducer – Expanding 136 References 142 Further Reading 142 12 Exits 145 12.1 Discharge from a Straight Pipe 145 12.2 Discharge from a Conical Diffuser 146 12.3 Discharge from an Orifice 146 12.3.1 Sharp-Edged Orifice 147 12.3.2 Round-Edged Orifice 147 12.3.3 Thick-Edged Orifice 147 12.3.4 Bevel-Edged Orifice 148 12.4 Discharge from a Smooth Nozzle 148 13 Orifices 153 13.1 Generalized Flow Model 154 13.2 Sharp-Edged Orifice 155 13.2.1 In a Straight Pipe 155 13.2.2 In a Transition Section 156 13.2.3 In a Wall 157 13.3 Round-Edged Orifice 157 13.3.1 In a Straight Pipe 157 13.3.2 In a Transition Section 158 13.3.3 In a Wall 159 13.4 Bevel-Edged Orifice 159 13.4.1 In a Straight Pipe 159 13.4.2 In a Transition Section 160 13.4.3 In a Wall 160 13.5 Thick-Edged Orifice 161 13.5.1 In a Straight Pipe 161 13.5.2 In a Transition Section 162 13.5.3 In a Wall 163 13.6 Multi-Hole Orifices 163 13.7 Non-Circular Orifices 164 References 169 Further Reading 170 14 Flow Meters 173 14.1 Flow Nozzle 173 14.2 Venturi Tube 174 14.3 Nozzle/Venturi 175 References 177 Further Reading 177 15 Bends 179 15.1 Overview 179 15.2 Bend Losses 180 15.2.1 Smooth-Walled Bends 181 15.2.2 Welded Elbows and Pipe Bends 182 15.3 Coils 185 15.3.1 Constant Pitch Helix 185 15.3.2 Constant Pitch Spiral 185 15.4 Miter Bends 186 15.5 Coupled Bends 187 15.6 Bend Economy 187 References 192 Further Reading 193 16 Tees 195 16.1 Overview 195 16.1.1 Previous Endeavors 195 16.1.2 Observations 197 16.2 Diverging Tees 197 16.2.1 Diverging Flow Through Run 197 16.2.2 Diverging Flow Through Branch 199 16.2.3 Diverging Flow from Branch 202 16.3 Converging Tees 202 16.3.1 Converging Flow Through Run 202 16.3.2 Converging Flow Through Branch 204 16.3.3 Converging Flow into Branch 207 16.4 Full-Flow Through Run 208 References 226 Further Reading 226 17 Pipe Joints 229 17.1 Weld Protrusion 229 17.2 Backing Rings 230 17.3 Misalignment 231 17.3.1 Misaligned Pipe 231 17.3.2 Misaligned Gasket 231 18 Valves 233 18.1 Multiturn Valves 233 18.1.1 Diaphragm Valve 233 18.1.2 Gate Valve 234 18.1.3 Globe Valve 234 18.1.4 Pinch Valve 235 18.1.5 Needle Valve 235 18.2 Quarter-Turn Valves 236 18.2.1 Ball Valve 236 18.2.2 Butterfly Valve 236 18.2.3 Plug Valve 236 18.3 Self-Actuated Valves 237 18.3.1 Check Valve 237 18.3.2 Relief Valve 238 18.4 Control Valves 239 18.5 Valve Loss Coefficients 239 References 240 Further Reading 240 19 Threaded Fittings 241 19.1 Reducers: Contracting 241 19.2 Reducers: Expanding 241 19.3 Elbows 242 19.4 Tees 242 19.5 Couplings 242 19.6 Valves 243 Reference 243 Further Reading 243 Part III Flow Phenomena 245 20 Cavitation 247 20.1 The Nature of Cavitation 247 20.2 Pipeline Design 248 20.3 Net Positive Suction Head 248 20.4 Example Problem: Core Spray Pump NPSH 249 20.4.1 New, Clean Steel Pipe 250 20.4.1.1 Input Parameters 250 20.4.1.2 Solution 250 20.4.1.3 Results 250 20.4.2 Moderately Corroded Steel Pipe 251 20.4.2.1 Input Parameters 251 20.4.2.2 Solution 251 20.4.2.3 Results 251 20.5 Example Problem: Pipe Entrance Cavitation 252 20.5.1 Input Parameters 252 20.5.2 Calculations and Results 253 Reference 253 Further Reading 254 21 Flow-induced Vibration 255 21.1 Steady Internal Flow 255 21.2 Steady External Flow 255 21.3 Water Hammer 256 21.4 Column Separation 258 References 258 Further Reading 258 22 Temperature Rise 261 22.1 Head Loss 261 22.2 Pump Temperature Rise 261 22.3 Example Problem: Reactor Heat Balance 262 22.4 Example Problem: Vessel Heat-Up 262 22.5 Example Problem: Pumping System Temperature 262 References 263 23 Flow to Run Full 265 23.1 Open Flow 265 23.2 Full Flow 266 23.3 Submerged Flow 268 23.4 Example Problem: Reactor Application 269 Further Reading 270 24 Jet Pump Performance 271 24.1 Performance Characteristics 271 24.2 Mixing Section Model 272 24.2.1 Momentum Balance 273 24.2.2 Drive Flow Mixing Coefficient 273 24.2.3 Suction Flow Mixing Coefficient 273 24.2.4 Discharge Flow Density 274 24.2.5 Discharge Flow Viscosity 274 24.3 Component Flow Losses 274 24.3.1 Surface Friction 274 24.3.2 Loss Coefficients 274 24.4 Hydraulic Performance Flow Paths 276 24.4.1 Drive Flow Path 276 24.4.2 Suction Flow Path 276 24.5 Flow Model Validation 276 24.6 Example Problem: Water–Water Jet Pump 278 24.6.1 Flow Conditions 278 24.6.2 Jet Pump Geometry 278 24.6.3 Preliminary Calculations 278 24.6.4 Loss Coefficients 279 24.6.5 Predicted Performance 280 24.7 Parametric Studies 281 24.7.1 Surface Finish Differences 281 24.7.2 Nozzle to Throat Area Ratio Variation 282 24.7.3 Density Differences 282 24.7.4 Viscosity Differences 282 24.7.5 Straight Line and Parabolic Performance Representations 283 24.8 Epilogue 283 References 283 Further Reading 283 Appendix A Physical Properties of Water at 1 Atmosphere 287 Appendix B Pipe Size Data 291 Appendix C Physical Constants and Unit Conversions 299 Appendix D Compressibility Factor Equations 311 D.1 The Redlich–Kwong Equation 311 D.2 The Lee–Kesler Equation 312 D.3 Important Constants for Selected Gases 314 D.4 Compressibility Chart 314 Appendix E Adiabatic Compressible Flow with Friction Using Mach Number as a Parameter 319 E.1 Solution when Static Pressure and Static Temperature are Known 319 E.2 Solution when Static Pressure and Total Temperature are Known 322 E.3 Solution when Total Pressure and Total Temperature are Known 322 E.4 Solution when Total Pressure and Static Temperature are Known 324 References 325 Appendix F Velocity Profile Equations 327 F.1 Benedict Velocity Profile Derivation 327 F.2 Street, Watters, and Vennard Velocity Profile Derivation 329 References 330 Appendix G Speed of Sound in Water 331 Appendix H Jet Pump Performance Program 333 Index 343

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Book SynopsisAn in-depth exploration of shipboard power generation and distribution system design that utilizes variable frequency drives The variable frequency drive (VFD) application is a proven technology for shore-based applications. However, shore-based VFDs often are unsuitable for shipboard applications because the power generation and distribution fundamentals are completely different.VFD Challenges for Shipboard Electrical Power System Designexplores the problems presented by variable frequency drives as they are applied in shipboard power generation and distribution system design and offers solutions for meeting these challenges. VFDs with configurations such as six pulse drive, 12 pulse drive, 18 pulse drive, active front end, pulse width modulation and many others generate many different levels of harmonics. These harmonics are often much higher than the regulations allow. This book covers a range of techniques used to provide ships with efficient energy that minimizes mechanical andTable of ContentsPreface ix About the Author xiii 1 Overview – VFD Motor Controller 1 2 Propulsion System Adjustable Speed Drive 21 3 VFD Motor Controller for Ship Service Auxiliaries 29 4 Shipboard Power System with LVDC and MVDC for AC and DC Application 35 5 Shipboard VFD Application and System Grounding 39 6 Shipboard Power Quality and VFD Effect 69 7 Shipboard Power System FMEA for VFD Motor Controller 85 8 Shipboard VFD Cable Selection, Installation, and Termination 97 9 Ship Smart System Design (S3D) and Digital Twin 117 Appendices 129 Glossary 135 Bibliography 143 Index 145

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Book SynopsisA full-color guide to Nikon's exciting new entry-level dSLR With its large 24.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 A Quick Look at What’s Ahead 1 Part I: Fast Track to Super Snaps 1 Part II: Working with Picture Files 2 Part III: Taking Creative Control 2 Part IV: The Part of Tens 2 Icons and Other Stuff to Note 2 eCheat Sheet 3 Practice, Be Patient, and Have Fun! 4 Part I: Fast Track to Super Snaps 5 Chapter 1: Getting the Lay of the Land 7 Getting Comfortable with Your Lens 8 Attaching a lens 8 Removing a lens 10 Setting the focus mode (auto or manual) 10 Zooming in and out 12 Using a VR (Vibration Reduction) lens 12 Adjusting the Viewfinder Focus 13 Working with Memory Cards 15 Exploring External Camera Controls 18 Topside controls 18 Back-of-the-body controls 20 Front-left buttons 23 Front-right features 24 Hidden connections 24 Ordering from Camera Menus 25 Using the guided menus 26 Ordering off the main menus 31 Monitoring Shooting Settings 33 Changing Settings Using the Information Display 35 Displaying Help Screens 36 Customizing Your Camera: Setup Menu Options 37 Restoring Default Settings 44 Chapter 2: Choosing Basic Picture Settings 47 Choosing an Exposure Mode 48 Choosing the Release Mode 50 Single Frame and Quiet Shutter Release modes 52 Continuous (burst mode) shooting 52 Self-timer shooting 54 Wireless remote-control modes 55 Adding Flash 56 Enabling flash 57 Setting the Flash mode 58 Choosing the Right Quality Settings 61 Diagnosing quality problems 62 Considering image size: How many pixels are enough? 63 Understanding Image Quality options (JPEG or Raw) 67 My take: Choose JPEG Fine or Raw (NEF) 72 Setting Image Size and Quality 73 Chapter 3: Taking Great Pictures, Automatically 77 Setting Up for Automatic Success 78 As Easy As It Gets: Auto and Auto Flash Off 82 Taking Advantage of Scene Modes 86 Getting More Creative with Guide Mode 90 Chapter 4: Exploring Live View Photography and Movie Making 97 Using Your Monitor as a Viewfinder 98 Live View safety tips 99 Customizing the Live View display 103 Focusing in Live View Mode 105 Choosing the right focusing pairs 110 Autofocusing in Live View and Movie mode 111 Manual focusing for Live View and movie photography 113 Shooting Still Pictures in Live View Mode 114 Shooting Digital Movies 116 Choosing the video mode (NTSC or PAL) 116 Setting video quality (frame size, frame rate, and bit rate) 117 Controlling audio 120 Manipulating movie exposure 123 Reviewing a few final recording options 124 Recording a movie 125 Screening Your Movies 127 Trimming Movies 129 Saving a Movie Frame as a Still Image 132 Part II: Working with Picture Files 135 Chapter 5: Playback Mode: Viewing, Erasing, and Protecting Photos 137 Customizing Basic Playback Options 138 Adjusting playback timing 138 Adjusting and disabling instant image review 139 Enabling automatic picture rotation 139 Viewing Images in Playback Mode 141 Viewing multiple images at a time (thumbnails view) 143 Displaying photos in Calendar view 144 Choosing which images to view 146 Zooming in for a closer view 146 Viewing Picture Data 148 File Information mode 150 Highlights display mode 152 RGB Histogram mode 153 Shooting Data display mode 156 GPS Data mode 157 Overview Data mode 157 Deleting Photos and Movies 159 Deleting fi les one at a time 159 Deleting all photos and movies 160 Deleting a batch of selected files 161 Protecting Photos and Movies 163 Creating a Digital Slide Show 164 Viewing Your Photos and Movies on a Television 168 Chapter 6: Downloading, Printing, and Sharing Your Photos 171 Choosing the Right Photo Software 171 Three free photo programs 172 Advanced photo programs 174 Sending Pictures to the Computer 176 Connecting the camera and computer for picture download 177 Starting the transfer process 178 Downloading using ViewNX 2 180 Processing Raw (NEF) Files 187 Processing Raw images in the camera 187 Processing Raw fi les in ViewNX 2 191 Planning for Perfect Prints 195 Check the pixel count before you print 195 Allow for different print proportions 197 Get print and monitor colors in sync 200 Preparing Pictures for E-Mail and Online Sharing 203 Prepping online photos using ViewNX 2 205 Resizing pictures from the Playback menu 206 Part III: Taking Creative Control 211 Chapter 7: Getting Creative with Exposure 213 Introducing the Exposure Trio: Shutter Speed, Aperture, and ISO 214 Understanding exposure-setting side effects 216 Doing the exposure balancing act 221 Exploring the Advanced Exposure Modes 222 Reading the Meter 224 Setting Aperture, Shutter Speed, and ISO 227 Adjusting aperture and shutter speed 227 Controlling ISO 230 Choosing an Exposure Metering Mode 233 Sorting Through Your Camera’s Exposure-Correction Tools 236 Applying Exposure Compensation 236 Using autoexposure lock 240 Expanding tonal range with Active D-Lighting 241 Investigating Advanced Flash Options 244 Choosing the right Flash mode 247 Adjusting flash output 253 Controlling flash output manually 256 Chapter 8: Manipulating Focus and Color 259 Mastering the Autofocus System 260 Reviewing autofocus basics 260 Understanding the AF-Area mode setting 262 Changing the Focus mode setting 267 Choosing the right autofocus combo 269 Using autofocus lock 269 Focusing Manually 270 Manipulating Depth of Field 274 Controlling Color 281 Correcting colors with white balance 281 Changing the White Balance setting 283 Fine-tuning White Balance settings 286 Creating white balance presets 287 Choosing a Color Space: sRGB versus Adobe RGB 291 Taking a Quick Look at Picture Controls 292 Chapter 9: Putting it All Together 299 Recapping Basic Picture Settings 299 Shooting Still Portraits 301 Capturing action 307 Capturing scenic vistas 310 Capturing dynamic close-ups 313 Part IV: The Part of Tens 317 Chapter 10: Ten Fun and Practical Retouch Menu Features 319 Applying the Retouch Menu Filters 320 Removing Red-Eye 322 Straightening Tilting Horizon Lines 324 Removing (Or Creating) Lens Distortion 326 Correcting Perspective 328 Cropping (Trimming) Your Photo 329 Shadow Recovery with D-Lighting 331 Boosting Shadows, Contrast, and Saturation Together 333 Two Ways to Make Subtle Color Adjustments 334 Applying digital lens filters 335 Manipulating color balance 337 Creating Monochrome Photos 338 Chapter 11: Ten Special-Purpose Features to Explore on a Rainy Day 341 Annotate Your Images 341 Creating Custom Image Folders 343 Changing the Function Button’s Function 346 Customizing the AE-L/AF-L Button 347 Using the Shutter Button to Lock Exposure and Focus 348 Adding a Starburst Effect 349 Creating Color Effects 351 Creating a color outline 352 Producing a color sketch 353 Playing with the Selective Color Filter 354 Softening Focus for a Dreamy Effect 356 Creating a Miniature Effect 358 Combining Two Photos with Image Overlay 360 Index 365

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Book SynopsisDiscover a fun new hobby with helpful possibilities Get directions, talk to folks overseas, or find out whether the fish are biting Want to check out the morning news in London, help out in emergencies, or tune in to the big race? Two-way radios open up a world of possibilities - literally. This handy guide tells you about the equipment you need, fills you in on radio etiquette, shows you how to stay legal, and gives you lots of cool ideas for family-friendly radio activities. Discover how to * Use the right radio lingo * Choose and operate different types of radios * Get a license if you need one * Communicate in emergencies * Program a scanner * Tune in to sporting eventsTable of Contents Introduction 1 About This Book 1 What You’re Not to Read 2 Foolish Assumptions 2 How This Book Is Organized 3 Part I: Making Radio a Hobby, a Habit, or a Helper 3 Part II: Two-Way Radios at Home, Work, and Play 3 Part III: Listening In: Scanning and Shortwave Listening 3 Part IV: Getting Technical with Your Radio 4 Part V: The Part of Tens 4 Appendix 4 Conventions Used in This Book 4 Where to Go From Here 5 Part I: Making Radio a Habit, a Hobby, or a Helper 7 Chapter 1: Introducing Radios and the Wireless World 9 Understanding How Radios Fit into a Wireless World 10 Radios, PCs, and phones — Oh, my! 10 Why get enthusiastic about radio? 11 Communicating person to person 11 Communicating in an emergency 13 Using your radio for fun 14 Putting radios to work 14 Introducing Radio’s Unique (And Magical) Forms 15 What You Can Do with a Radio 16 Roger: Sharing information 17 Using your radio at work 17 Listening in with a scanner 18 Chasing broadcasts 19 Knowing Radio Rules and Regulations 19 Getting Training (If You Need To) 20 Books and videos 20 Online training 21 In-person training 21 You, Too, Can Build and Fix Your Own Radio 21 Limitations on opening the hood 21 Kits and homebrewing 22 Chapter 2: Discovering the Art and Science of Radio 25 Doing the Wave: How Radio Waves Work 25 Introducing frequency 25 Measuring frequency across the spectrum 26 Understanding wavelengths 28 Getting From Here to There: Propagation 30 Signals on the ground and in the sky 30 Reflections 31 The weather, the sun, and the seasons 32 What You Hear Is What You Get: Modulation 33 Amplitude modulation (AM) 34 Frequency modulation (FM) 35 Terms of Endearment: Using the Language of Radio 35 Understanding controls and features 36 The antenna 36 The contact 37 Chapter 3: Making Radio Fit Your Life 39 Seeing What Makes Radio Services and Allocations Different 40 Characterizing services by frequency and modulation 40 Characterizing services based on equipment limitations 42 Comparing Two-Way Radio Services 43 Choosing Between the Services 45 Buying Equipment to Fit Your Budget 45 Getting a License When You Need To 46 Who made them king? — The FCC 46 Registering with the FCC online 47 Accessing the ULS and applying for a new license 48 Coloring Inside the Lines: Basic Rules 50 Broadcasting (one-way transmissions) 51 Identifying your station 51 Recognizing power and antenna limits 51 Modifying your radio 51 Avoiding naughty talk 52 Where to Find All the Rules and Regulations 52 Part II: Two-Way Radios at Home, Work, and Play 53 Chapter 4: A Radio in Your Pocket: FRS/GMRS Radios 55 Introducing the FRS and GMRS Services 55 Getting a GMRS License 57 Understanding Basic Radio Features 59 Operating controls 60 Indicators 61 Introducing privacy codes 62 Rings and beeps 64 Table of Contents ix Basic Operating Skills 64 Holding the radio correctly 65 Using a PTT radio 65 Learning how to speak 66 Using a headset 67 Scanning 67 Using call signs 67 Participating in public communications 68 Using Your Radio at Public Events and Places 68 Using Your Radio in the Great Outdoors 69 Maximizing Your Range 71 Repeating Yourself 71 Choosing a Radio 74 Range: Specifications versus reality 74 Batteries: Buying packs or individual cells? 74 Warranty and reliability 75 Other options to consider 75 GMRS-specific options 76 Adding Antennas and Accessories 77 Antennas and cables 77 Microphones 77 Headphones and headsets 78 Bike and motorcycle accessories 78 Battery chargers and power adapters 78 Chapter 5: Breaker, Breaker: Using Citizens Band 79 CB Basics 79 Getting help from experienced users 80 Getting the lowdown on licenses and requirements 80 Knowing CB frequencies and channels 81 Finding Uses for Your CB Radio 81 Getting To Know Your Radio 82 Under control: Knobs and switches 82 Keeping an eye on indicators 83 Getting a gander at the back panel 84 Little extras for higher-end radios 85 Operating Your CB 86 Receiving your first CB transmissions 86 Handling noises and interference 87 Making your initial communications test 88 Picking a handle 88 Learning communications basics 89 Going Out and About with Your CB 90 Using Your CB for Emergency Communications 91 Shopping on the CB Channel 92 Understanding your SWR meter 93 Sounding great: Microphone madness 93 Choosing and using antennas 94 Operating on the Right Side of the Law 96 Two-Way Radios & Scanners For Dummies Chapter 6: Communicating in Emergencies 99 Matching Radios and Emergencies 99 Deciding who you plan to talk to 100 Prioritizing the what and why 101 Firming up how and when you’ll communicate 101 Filling in the blanks 102 Being Ready 103 Making and Responding to Calls for Help 104 Making a call for help 104 Receiving a call for help 105 Disaster Response 105 Practice Makes Perfect 108 Chapter 7: Workaday Wireless: Business Radio Services 109 Choosing the Right Business Radio Service 109 Multi-Use Radio Service: MURS 110 Private Land Mobile Radio Services 110 Using a Professional Radio Service Provider 111 Radio system terms 112 Staying in touch with dot and star channels even when you’re itinerant 113 Licensing your business radio 114 Operating Your Business Radio 115 Chapter 8: Ladies and Gentlemen, Ships at Sea: Marine Radio 117 Introducing VHF Harbor and Waterway Radio 118 Knowing your marine VHF radio controls 120 Choosing a marine VHF radio 122 Choosing an antenna for your marine VHF radio 123 Introducing Marine Radio’s Advanced Features 123 Digital Selective Calling (DSC) 123 Automatic Identification System (AIS) 125 Saltwater Communications: HF Marine Radio 125 Knowing your distress channels 126 Operating a marine HF SSB radio 126 Selecting a marine HF radio and antenna 128 Basic Marine Radio Do’s and Don’ts 129 Performing Basic Radio Tasks in the Water 130 Satellite Radio and Marine E-mail 131 Getting That License 133 Chapter 9: Citizen Wireless: Amateur Radio 135 Tuning In Ham Radio Today 136 Ham radio core values 136 Common ham radio activities 137 Using electronics and technology 138 Finding the Ham Bands 139 Finding shortwave hams 139 VHF, UHF, and microwave signals 140 Getting a Ticket: The Ham Kind 140 Understanding why an exam is required 141 Preparing for the exam 141 Knowing which exam to take 141 Part III: Listening In: Scanning and Shortwave Listening 143 Chapter 10: One Adam 12: Scanner Basics 145 Listening: Oh, the Signals You’ll Hear 145 Getting scanner basics 146 Introducing channels and services 146 Using AM, FM, and digital signals 148 Simplex communications and repeaters 149 Dispatch versus one-to-one communication 149 Introducing the Radio Population 150 Business users 150 Government users 151 Military users 151 Hobbyists and other individual users 151 Public and private aviation users 151 Learning How to Use A Scanner 152 Handling basic controls and use 153 Configuring your scanner 156 Knowing the Rules of Scanning 157 Trunking Systems 157 Defining trunking 157 Using your scanner to monitor calls on a trunked system 158 Programming Your Scanner 160 Finding frequencies 160 Using a PC with your scanner 162 Choosing Scanners and Antennas 164 Chapter 11: Scanning Public Service and Safety Radio Transmissions 169 Tracking Down Your Local Government 169 Acquiring and saving data on your computer 170 Transferring data to your scanner software 172 Scanning Trunked Systems 173 Motorola Type I 174 Motorola Type II 174 EDACS and LTR 175 Setting Up a Trunked System on Your Scanner 175 Cracking Codes and Learning Lingo 177 Helping, Not Hindering 179 Chapter 12: Radio Aloft: Aviation Radio Transmissions 181 Activity on the Aviation Bands 181 Finding Frequencies 182 Ground Control to Major Tom: Airport Operations 183 Listening to Air Traffic Between Airports 184 Strangling Your Parrot: Aviation Jargon 186 Chapter 13: Radios in Uniform: Government Radio Transmissions 187 Scanning the Military 187 Finding military facilities 189 Finding armed forces facilities 189 Monitoring military aviation communications 190 Accessing Civilian Agencies 191 Step Away from the Radio: Following the Rules of Sensible Scanning 192 Chapter 14: Radio in Action: Recreational Radio Transmissions 195 Taking a Scanner to the Races 196 Discovering what you can hear 196 Getting the inside track on frequencies 198 Using a racing scanner 199 Winging It at Air Shows and Fly-Ins 200 Conducting airfield communications 201 Listening in on performer communications 201 Taking Your Radio on the Run and into the Crowd 202 Using your radio at a race 202 Using radio technology at a concert or convention 203 Getting the Right Accessories 204 Want to Get Involved? 205 Scanning Tips 205 Chapter 15: Surfing the Air World: Shortwave Listening 207 Finding Shortwave Broadcasters 208 Listening to amateur radio on SW bands 209 Monitoring commercial, government, and military broadcasts 211 Using shortwaves to receive data and miscellaneous signals 212 Choosing and Using SW Radios and Antennas 213 Selecting a radio 213 Introducing common SW radio controls 214 Two-Way Radios & Scanners For Dummies Getting a shortwave antenna 216 Building your own antenna 216 Finding SW equipment vendors 217 Shortwave Signal Propagation 217 Hops, skips, and jumps: Understanding how the ionosphere affects propagation 219 Understanding other atmospheric conditions that affect propagation 221 Introducing World Time 221 Using a Program Guide 222 Confirming Your Reception 223 Including the right information in your QSL 224 Getting station addresses 225 SWL Web References 225 Part IV: Getting Technical with Your Radio 227 Chapter 16: Building Your Radio Toolbox 229 Acquiring the Right Tools 229 Absolutely required tools 229 Not absolutely required, but certainly handy, tools 230 Finding bargain toolsets 231 Cleaning tools you must have 232 Getting a toolbox 232 Stocking Stuff 233 Stocking extra adapters and connecters 234 Stocking other odds and ends 236 The Mechanics of Stocking Spare Parts over Time 236 Finding Education and Training 238 Getting freebies from manufacturers and retailers 239 Visiting individual or club Web sites 239 Getting information from books 239 Taking online courses 241 Chapter 17: A Spark of Electronic Know-How 243 Understanding the Relationship between Amps, Volts, Watts, and Ohms 243 Measuring current 244 Understanding voltage basics 245 Calculating power 245 Introducing resistance 246 Making calculations with Ohm’s law 247 Wires, Cables, and Connecters 249 Wires 249 Cables and Cords 250 Connecters 251 Dealing with Safety Issues 255 Two-Way Radios & Scanners For Dummies Chapter 18: Installing Radios Right 257 Installing Your Radio at Home 257 Setting up a safe radio environment 257 Setting up your very own radio central 259 Accessories 261 Adding a computer to your radio operation 263 Finding the right furniture 264 Using antennas and feedlines 265 Getting Your Mobile Installation Rolling 273 Understanding vehicle radio safety issues 274 Setting up a power supply for your car radio 275 Finding a home for the radio in your car 278 Using antennas and feedlines in the car 281 Choosing and Installing Connectors 283 Crimp terminals 283 RF connectors 283 Chapter 19: Getting a Charge Out of Batteries 287 Getting Battery Basics 287 Ah Introducing Amp Hours and Characteristic Voltage 288 Disposable Batteries versus Rechargeable Batteries 290 Disposable batteries 291 Rechargeable batteries 292 Exploring the World of Battery Packs 295 Following Basic Battery Tips 295 Adhering to the Rules of Battery Safety 296 Charging and discharging batteries safely 296 Storing and handling batteries with care 298 Safely disposing of batteries 298 Chapter 20: Putting Your Computer to Work 299 Making Sure Your PC and Radio Are Compatible 299 Determining software compatibility 300 Determining hardware compatibility 301 Decoding signals 302 Choosing a Signal Interface 303 Making the Connection 304 Setting up the control connection 305 Setting up the radio audio and keying connection 306 Connecting the sound card 306 Adjusting the levels 306 Troubleshooting Your Computer and Your Radio 308 Common radio problem #1 308 Common radio problem #2 309 What to do if you still have a problem 309 Chapter 21: Troubleshooting Your Radio 311 Hunting the Wily Mr Murphy 311 Prosecuting Power Problems 312 Anticipating and preventing ac power problems 313 Dealing with dc power problems 314 Solving Operating Problems 315 Banishing Noise 317 Neutralizing power line noise 317 Angling around appliance noise 318 Nullifying noise from engines 319 Attacking atmospheric noise 320 Dealing with Interference 320 Received interference 320 Avoiding being the cause of interference 322 Visiting the Radio Doctor 325 Part V: The Part of Tens 327 Chapter 22: Ten Radio Secrets 329 Listening Rules 329 Talking Louder Doesn’t Do You Any Good 330 It’s All in the Antenna 330 The FCC Does, Too, Care 330 Setting Up Your Radio Correctly the First Time 330 Finding the Hot Spot 331 Planning for the Worst 331 Getting What You Pay For 331 Following the Ten Count 332 Discovering the Best Way to Relax 332 Chapter 23: Ten Emergency Tips 333 Using Your Radio Regularly 333 Getting Yourself under Control 334 Supplying Just the Facts 334 Being Smart with Resources 334 Knowing Where to Tune 334 Taking Advantage of Geography 335 Writing Everything Down and Keeping It Short 335 Following the Plan 335 Using the Buddy System 335 Practice, Practice, Practice 336 Chapter 24: Ten Radio First-Aid Techniques 337 Resetting the Radio 337 Replacing Lost Antennas 338 Putting the Wrong Batteries to the Right Use 338 Fixing a Faulty Pushbutton 338 Working around a Broken Speaker 338 Splicing Together Torn Wires 339 Working through Wind and Noise 339 Rescuing an Immersed Radio 339 Building an Emergency Charger 340 Making Do with the Tools around You 340 Chapter 25: Ten New Ways to Have Fun with Your Radio 341 Direction Finding 341 Hilltopping 342 Conducting Coverage Tests: Can You Hear Me Now? 342 Going on a Radio Scavenger Hunt 343 Riding at a Radio Rodeo 343 Creating Radio Scoreboards 343 Going to a Hamfest 343 Weather Watching 344 Wildlife Tracking 344 Joining a Club 344 Appendix: Glossary 345 Index 355

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Book SynopsisAs one of the most comprehensive machine learning texts around, this book does justice to the field's incredible richness, but without losing sight of the unifying principles. Peter Flach's clear, example-based approach begins by discussing how a spam filter works, which gives an immediate introduction to machine learning in action, with a minimum of technical fuss. Flach provides case studies of increasing complexity and variety with well-chosen examples and illustrations throughout. He covers a wide range of logical, geometric and statistical models and state-of-the-art topics such as matrix factorisation and ROC analysis. Particular attention is paid to the central role played by features. The use of established terminology is balanced with the introduction of new and useful concepts, and summaries of relevant background material are provided with pointers for revision if necessary. These features ensure Machine Learning will set a new standard as an introductory textbook.Trade Review"This textbook is clearly written and well organized. Starting from the basics, the author skillfully guides the reader through his learning process by providing useful facts and insight into the behavior of several machine learning techniques, as well as the high-level pseudocode of many key algorithms." < /br>Fernando Berzal, Computing ReviewsTable of ContentsPrologue: a machine learning sampler; 1. The ingredients of machine learning; 2. Binary classification and related tasks; 3. Beyond binary classification; 4. Concept learning; 5. Tree models; 6. Rule models; 7. Linear models; 8. Distance-based models; 9. Probabilistic models; 10. Features; 11. In brief: model ensembles; 12. In brief: machine learning experiments; Epilogue: where to go from here; Important points to remember; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisBased on the author's industry experience and collaborative works with other industries, Control of Electric Machine Drive System is packed with implemented, tested, and verified ideas that relate to everyday problems in the field.Trade Review"The book's practicality and realworld relatability make it an invaluable resource for professionals and engineers involved in the research and development of electric machine drive business, industrial drive designers, and senior undergraduate and graduate students." (Trading-house.net, 7 March 2011)Table of ContentsPreface xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.1.1 Electric Machine Drive System 4 1.1.2 Trend of Development of Electric Machine Drive System 5 1.1.3 Trend of Development of Power Semiconductor 7 1.1.4 Trend of Development of Control Electronics 8 1.2 Basics of Mechanics 8 1.2.1 Basic Laws 9 1.2.2 Force and Torque 9 1.2.3 Moment of Inertia of a Rotating Body 11 1.2.4 Equations of Motion for a Rigid Body 13 1.2.5 Power and Energy 17 1.2.6 Continuity of Physical Variables 18 1.3 Torque Speed Curve of Typical Mechanical Loads 18 1.3.1 Fan, Pump, and Blower 18 1.3.2 Hoisting Load; Crane, Elevator 20 1.3.3 Traction Load (Electric Vehicle, Electric Train) 21 1.3.4 Tension Control Load 23 Problems 24 References 35 2 Basic Structure and Modeling of Electric Machines and Power Converters 36 2.1 Structure and Modeling of DC Machine 36 2.2 Analysis of Steady-State Operation 41 2.2.1 Separately Excited Shunt Machine 42 2.2.2 Series Excited DC Machine 45 2.3 Analysis of Transient State of DC Machine 46 2.3.1 Separately Excited Shunt Machine 47 2.4 Power Electronic Circuit to Drive DC Machine 50 2.4.1 Static Ward–Leonard System 51 2.4.2 Four-Quadrants Chopper System 52 2.5 Rotating Magnetic Motive Force 53 2.6 Steady-State Analysis of a Synchronous Machine 58 2.7 Linear Electric Machine 62 2.8 Capability Curve of Synchronous Machine 63 2.8.1 Round Rotor Synchronous Machine with Field Winding 63 2.8.2 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 64 2.9 Parameter Variation of Synchronous Machine 66 2.9.1 Stator and Field Winding Resistance 66 2.9.2 Synchronous Inductance 66 2.9.3 Back EMF Constant 67 2.10 Steady-State Analysis of Induction Machine 70 2.10.1 Steady-State Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine 72 2.10.2 Constant Air Gap Flux Operation 77 2.11 Generator Operation of an Induction Machine 79 2.12 Variation of Parameters of an Induction Machine 81 2.12.1 Variation of Rotor Resistance, Rr 81 2.12.2 Variation of Rotor Leakage Inductance, Llr 82 2.12.3 Variation of Stator Resistance, Rs 82 2.12.4 Variation of Stator Leakage Inductance, Lls 83 2.12.5 Variation of Excitation Inductance, Lm 84 2.12.6 Variation of Resistance Representing Iron Loss, Rm 84 2.13 Classification of Induction Machines According to Speed–Torque Characteristics 84 2.14 Quasi-Transient State Analysis 87 2.15 Capability Curve of an Induction Machine 88 2.16 Comparison of AC Machine and DC Machine 90 2.16.1 Comparison of a Squirrel Cage Induction Machine and a Separately Excited DC Machine 90 2.16.2 Comparison of a Permanent Magnet AC Machine and a Separately Excited DC Machine 92 2.17 Variable-Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Steady-State Characteristics 92 2.17.1 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine by Controlling Terminal Voltage 93 2.17.2 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Constant Air-Gap Flux (͌≈V=F) Control 94 2.17.3 Variable Speed Control of Induction Machine Based on Actual Speed Feedback 95 2.17.4 Enhancement of Constant Air-Gap Flux Control with Feedback of Magnitude of Stator Current 96 2.18 Modeling of Power Converters 96 2.18.1 Three-Phase Diode/Thyristor Rectifier 97 2.18.2 PWM Boost Rectifier 98 2.18.3 Two-Quadrants Bidirectional DC/DC Converter 101 2.18.4 Four-Quadrants DC/DC Converter 102 2.18.5 Three-Phase PWM Inverter 103 2.18.6 Matrix Converter 105 2.19 Parameter Conversion Using Per Unit Method 106 Problems 108 References 114 3 Reference Frame Transformation and Transient State Analysis of Three-Phase AC Machines 116 3.1 Complex Vector 117 3.2 d–q–n Modeling of an Induction Machine Based on Complex Space Vector 119 3.2.1 Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Machine at d–q–n AXIS 120 3.2.2 Torque of the Induction Machine 125 3.3 d–q–n Modeling of a Synchronous Machine Based on Complex Space Vector 128 3.3.1 Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Machine at d–q–n AXIS 128 3.3.2 Torque of a Synchronous Machine 138 3.3.3 Equivalent Circuit and Torque of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 140 3.3.4 Synchronous Reluctance Machine (SynRM) 144 Problems 146 References 153 4 Design of Regulators for Electric Machines and Power Converters 154 4.1 Active Damping 157 4.2 Current Regulator 158 4.2.1 Measurement of Current 158 4.2.2 Current Regulator for Three-Phase-Controlled Rectifier 161 4.2.3 Current Regulator for a DC Machine Driven by a PWM Chopper 166 4.2.4 Anti-Wind-Up 170 4.2.5 AC Current Regulator 173 4.3 Speed Regulator 179 4.3.1 Measurement of Speed/Position of Rotor of an Electric Machine 179 4.3.2 Estimation of Speed with Incremental Encoder 182 4.3.3 Estimation of Speed by a State Observer 189 4.3.4 PI/IP Speed Regulator 198 4.3.5 Enhancement of Speed Control Performance with Acceleration Information 204 4.3.6 Speed Regulator with Anti-Wind-Up Controller 206 4.4 Position Regulator 208 4.4.1 Proportional–Proportional and Integral (P–PI) Regulator 208 4.4.2 Feed-Forwarding of Speed Reference and Acceleration Reference 209 4.5 Detection of Phase Angle of AC Voltage 210 4.5.1 Detection of Phase Angle on Synchronous Reference Frame 210 4.5.2 Detection of Phase Angle Using Positive Sequence Voltage on Synchronous Reference Frame 213 4.6 Voltage Regulator 215 4.6.1 Voltage Regulator for DC Link of PWM Boost Rectifier 215 Problems 218 References 228 5 Vector Control 230 5.1 Instantaneous Torque Control 231 5.1.1 Separately Excited DC Machine 231 5.1.2 Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPMSM) 233 5.1.3 Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) 235 5.2 Vector Control of Induction Machine 236 5.2.1 Direct Vector Control 237 5.2.2 Indirect Vector Control 243 5.3 Rotor Flux Linkage Estimator 245 5.3.1 Voltage Model Based on Stator Voltage Equation of an Induction Machine 245 5.3.2 Current Model Based on Rotor Voltage Equation of an Induction Machine 246 5.3.3 Hybrid Rotor Flux Linkage Estimator 247 5.3.4 Enhanced Hybrid Estimator 248 5.4 Flux Weakening Control 249 5.4.1 Constraints of Voltage and Current to AC Machine 249 5.4.2 Operating Region of Permanent Magnet AC Machine in Current Plane at Rotor Reference Frame 250 5.4.3 Flux Weakening Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 257 5.4.4 Flux Weakening Control of Induction Machine 262 5.4.5 Flux Regulator of Induction Machine 267 Problems 269 References 281 6 Position/Speed Sensorless Control of AC Machines 283 6.1 Sensorless Control of Induction Machine 286 6.1.1 Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) 286 6.1.2 Adaptive Speed Observer (ASO) 291 6.2 Sensorless Control of Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (SMPMSM) 297 6.3 Sensorless Control of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) 299 6.4 Sensorless Control Employing High-Frequency Signal Injection 302 6.4.1. Inherently Salient Rotor Machine 304 6.4.2 AC Machine with Nonsalient Rotor 305 Problems 317 References 320 7 Practical Issues 324 7.1 Output Voltage Distortion Due to Dead Time and Its Compensation 324 7.1.1 Compensation of Dead Time Effect 325 7.1.2 Zero Current Clamping (ZCC) 327 7.1.3 Voltage Distortion Due to Stray Capacitance of Semiconductor Switches 327 7.1.4 Prediction of Switching Instant 330 7.2 Measurement of Phase Current 334 7.2.1 Modeling of Time Delay of Current Measurement System 334 7.2.2 Offset and Scale Errors in Current Measurement 337 7.3 Problems Due to Digital Signal Processing of Current Regulation Loop 342 7.3.1 Modeling and Compensation of Current Regulation Error Due to Digital Delay 342 7.3.2 Error in Current Sampling 346 Problems 350 References 353 Appendix A Measurement and Estimation of Parameters of Electric Machinery 354 A.1 Parameter Estimation 354 A.1.1 DC Machine 355 A.1.2 Estimation of Parameters of Induction Machine 357 A.2 Parameter Estimation of Electric Machines Using Regulators of Drive System 361 A.2.1 Feedback Control System 361 A.2.2 Back EMF Constant of DC Machine, K 363 A.2.3 Stator Winding Resistance of Three-Phase AC Machine, Rs 363 A.2.4 Induction Machine Parameters 365 A.2.5 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine 370 A.3 Estimation of Mechanical Parameters 374 A.3.1 Estimation Based on Mechanical Equation 374 A.3.2 Estimation Using Integral Process 376 References 380 Appendix B d–q Modeling Using Matrix Equations 381 B.1 Reference Frame and Transformation Matrix 381 B.2 d–q Modeling of Induction Machine Using Transformation Matrix 386 B.3 d–q Modeling of Synchronous Machine Using Transformation Matrix 390 Index 391 IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering 401

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.BUILD, CONVERT, OR BUY A STATE-OF-THE-ART ELECTRIC VEHICLEThoroughly revised and expanded, Build Your Own Electric Vehicle, Third Edition, is your go-to guide for converting an internal combustion engine vehicle to electric or building an EV from the ground up. You'll also find out about the wide variety of EVs available for purchase and how they're being built. This new editiondetails all the latest breakthroughs, including AC propulsion and regenerative braking systems, intelligent controllers, batteries, and charging technologies.Filled with updated photos, this cutting-edge resource fully Table of ContentsChapter 1. Why Electric VehiclesWhat are Electric VehiclesNew Electricity Rates/Oil costsConversion costsChapter 2. Electric Vehicle BenefitsReports from the US Dept. of EnergyChapter 3. Electric Vehicle (recent) History Toyota's hybrid drive technologyGM and CARBFord and TH!NK CityTesla RoadsterChapter 4. Drive Systems, Chassis, and DesignsLithium Nono-phosphatesIntelligent Drive SystemsChapter 5. Sources, Parts, Conversion Companies and ExpertsUpdates on everything from previous edition, plus links to an online companion site that will be updated every 3 months or so for new informationChapter 6. Calculating Torque CurvesSoftware from Grassroots electric vehicles, Electric Vehicles of America, and NetGain technologiesChapter 7. Electric MotorsAC and DCMetric Mind CorporationAnaheim AutomationHi Performance Electric Vehicle SystemsAC PropulsionTesla MototrsWARP MotorsChapter 8. ControllersChapter 9. BatteriesLithiumLithium-polyphosphateNickelChapter 10. ChargersNewer, standardized SAE systemsChapter 11. AC/DC Drive and Controller PackagesLead Acid conversionsLithium Polymer conversionsChapter 12. Visions for Future Electric Cars and Electric Car Conversions

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Book SynopsisPublisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.Add some SPARK to your study of ELECTRICITYHaving trouble understanding the fundamentals of electricity? Problem solved! Electricity Demystified, Second Edition, makes it shockingly easy to learn the basic concepts.Written in a step-by-step format, this practical guide begins by covering direct current (DC), voltage, resistance, circuits, cells, and batteries. The book goes on to discuss alternating current (AC), power supplies, wire, and cable. Magnetism and electromagnetic effects are also addressed. Detailed examples and concise explanations make it easy to understand the material. End-of-chapter quizzes and a final exam help reinforce key concepts.It's a no-brainer! You'll learn about: Table of ContentsPART I: DIRECT CURRENT1. A Circuit Sampler2. Charge, Current, Voltage, and Resistance3. Ohm's Law, Power, and Energy4. Simple DC Circuits5. Cells and BatteriesTest: Part IPART II: ALTERNATING CURRENT6. What is Alternating Current7. Electricity in the Home8. Electrical Power Supplies9. Wire and CableTest: Part IIPART III: MAGNETISM10. What is Magnetism11. Electromagnetic Effects12. Practical MagnetismTest: Part IIIFinal ExamAnswers to Quizzes, Tests, and Final ExamAppendix: Schematic SymbolsSuggested Additional ReadingIndex

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Book SynopsisThis book is devoted to resonant energy conversion in power electronics. It is a practical, systematic guide to the analysis and design of various dc-dc resonant inverters, high-frequency rectifiers, and dc-dc resonant converters that are building blocks of many of today''s high-frequency energy processors. Designed to function as both a superior senior-to-graduate level textbook for electrical engineering courses and a valuable professional reference for practicing engineers, it provides students and engineers with a solid grasp of existing high-frequency technology, while acquainting them with a number of easy-to-use tools for the analysis and design of resonant power circuits. Resonant power conversion technology is now a very hot area and in the center of the renewable energy and energy harvesting technologies.Trade Review“If I did not have a review copy, as a power-circuits designer, I would get out my credit card for this one. It deserves a place on the power-electronics bookshelf.” ( How2Power Today, 1 January 2013) Table of ContentsPREFACE xxi ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxv LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii I Introduction 1 1.1 References 5 PART I RECTIFIERS 7 2 Class D Current-Driven Rectifiers 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Assumptions 10 2.3 Class D Half-Wave Rectifier 10 2.4 Class D Transformer Center-Tapped Rectifier 20 2.5 Class D Bridge Rectifier 28 2.6 Effects of Equivalent Series Resistance and Equivalent Series Inductance 34 2.7 Synchronous Rectifiers 38 3 Class D Voltage-Driven Rectifiers 47 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Assumptions 47 3.3 Class D Half-Wave Rectifier 48 3.4 Class D Transformer Center-Tapped Rectifier 56 3.5 Class D Bridge Rectifier 62 3.6 Synchronous Rectifiers 66 4 Class E Low dv/dt Rectifiers 72 4.1 Introduction 72 4.2 Low dv/dt Rectifier with a Parallel Capacitor 72 4.3 Resonant Low dv/dt Rectifier 90 5 Class E Low di/dt Rectifiers 109 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2 Low di/dt Rectifier with a Parallel Inductor 109 5.3 Low di/dt Rectifier with a Series Inductor 125 PART II INVERTERS 141 6 Class D Series-Resonant Inverter 143 6.1 Introduction 143 6.2 Circuit Description 144 6.3 Principle of Operation 146 6.4 Topologies of Class D Voltage-Source Inverters 152 6.5 Analysis 155 6.6 Voltage Transfer Function 166 6.7 Efficiency 170 6.8 Design Example 177 6.9 Class D Full-Bridge Series-Resonant Inverter 180 6.10 RelationshipsAmong Inverters and Rectifiers 187 7 Class D Parallel-Resonant Inverter 193 7.1 Introduction 193 7.2 Principle of Operation 193 7.3 Analysis 197 7.4 Short-Circuit and Open-Circuit Operation 219 7.5 Electronic Ballast for Fluorescent Lamps 223 7.6 Design Example 225 7.7 Full-Bridge Parallel-Resonant Inverter 227 8 Class D Series-Parallel-Resonant Inverter 235 8.1 Introduction 235 8.2 Principle of Operation 235 8.3 Analysis 237 8.4 Design Example 254 8.5 Full-Bridge Series-Parallel-Resonant Inverter 257 9 Class D CLL Resonant Inverter 262 9.1 Introduction 262 9.2 Principle of Operation 262 9.3 Analysis 264 9.4 Design Example 282 9.5 Full-Bridge CLL Resonant Inverter 285 10 Class D Current-Source-Resonant Inverter 290 10.1 Introduction 290 10.2 Principle of Operation 291 10.3 Analysis of the Parallel-Resonant Circuit 295 10.4 Analysis of the Inverter 297 10.5 Design Example 307 11 Phase-Controlled Resonant Inverters 311 11.1 Introduction 311 11.2 Phase-Controlled Current-Source Inverters 312 11.3 Phase-Controlled Voltage-Source Inverters 316 11.4 Single-Capacitor Phase-Controlled Series-Resonant Inverter 320 11.5 Design Example 328 12 Class E Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Inverter 334 12.1 Introduction 334 12.2 Principle of Operation 335 12.3 Analysis 340 12.4 Parameters at D=0.5 349 12.5 Efficiency 351 12.6 Matching Resonant Circuits 354 12.7 Design Example 359 12.8 Push-Pull Class E ZVS Inverter 362 13 Class E Zero-Current-Switching Resonant Inverter 369 13.1 Introduction 369 13.2 Circuit Description 369 13.3 Principle of Operation 370 13.4 Analysis 373 13.5 Power Relationships 378 13.6 Element Values of Load Network 378 13.7 Design Example 379 14 Class DE Power Inverter 382 14.1 Introduction 382 14.2 Principle of Operation of Class DE Power Inverter 382 14.3 Analysis of Class DE Power Inverter 383 14.4 Components 393 14.5 Device Stresses 394 14.6 Design Equations 395 14.7 Maximum Operating Frequency 395 14.8 Class DE Inverter with Single Shunt Capacitor 397 14.9 Output Power 401 14.10 Cancellation of Nonlinearities of Transistor Output Capacitances 401 PART III CONVERTERS 405 15 Class D Series-Resonant Converter 407 15.1 Introduction 407 15.2 Half-Bridge Series-Resonant Converter 408 15.3 Full-Bridge Series-Resonant Converter 412 15.4 Design of Half-Bridge SRC 415 16 Class D Parallel-Resonant Converter 422 16.1 Introduction 422 16.2 Half-Bridge Parallel-Resonant Converter 422 16.3 Design of the Half-Bridge PRC 427 16.4 Full-Bridge Parallel-Resonant Converter 430 17 Class D Series-Parallel-Resonant Converter 435 17.1 Introduction 435 17.2 Circuit Description 436 17.3 Half-Bridge Series-Parallel-Resonant Converter 439 17.4 Design of Half-Bridge SPRC 440 17.5 Full-Bridge Series-Parallel-Resonant Converter 443 18 Class D CLL Resonant Converter 448 18.1 Introduction 448 18.2 Circuit Description 448 18.3 Half-Bridge CLL Resonant Converter 451 18.4 Design of Half-Bridge CLL Resonant Converter 453 18.5 Full-Bridge CLL Resonant Converter 455 18.6 LLC Resonant Converter 457 19 Class D Current-Source-Resonant Converter 459 19.1 Introduction 459 19.2 Circuit Description 459 19.3 Design of CSRC 461 20 Class D Inverter/Class E Rectifier Resonant Converter 466 20.1 Introduction 466 20.2 Circuit Description 466 20.3 Principle of Operation 468 20.4 Rectifier Parameters for D=0.5 469 20.5 Design of Class D Inverter/Class E Resonant Converter 471 20.6 Class E ZVS Inverter/Class D Rectifier Resonant DC-DC Converter 473 20.7 Class E ZVS Inverter/Class E ZVS Rectifier Resonant DC-DC Converter 474 21 Phase-Controlled Resonant Converters 477 21.1 Introduction 477 21.2 Circuit Description of SC PC SRC 477 21.3 Design Example 480 22 Quasiresonant and Multiresonant DC-DC Power Converters 485 22.1 Introduction 485 22.2 Zero-Voltage-Switching Quasiresonant DC-DC Converters 488 22.3 Buck ZVS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 492 22.4 Boost ZVS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 501 22.5 Buck-Boost ZVS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 509 22.6 Zero-Current-Switching Quasiresonant DC-DC Converters 518 22.7 Buck ZCS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 520 22.8 Boost ZCS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 529 22.9 Buck-Boost ZCS Quasiresonant DC-DC Converter 536 22.10 Zero-Voltage Switching Multiresonant DC-DC Converters 545 22.11 Zero-Current Switching Multiresonant DC-DC Converters 550 22.12 Zero-Voltage Transition PWM Converters 553 22.13 Zero-Current Transition Converters 556 23 Modeling and Control 565 23.1 Introduction 565 23.2 Modeling 566 23.3 Model Reduction and Control 572 23.4 Summary 574 23.5 References 574 23.6 Review Questions 576 23.7 Problems 576 APPENDICES 577 ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 591 INDEX 597

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Book SynopsisThis is an entertaining guide to the most common grammatical mistakes in English, from apostrophe atrocities to the lie/lay conundrum. Using examples of errors found in major newspapers, magazines, and TV broadcasting, Thomas Parrish's fictional friend "the Grouchy Grammarian" explains basic elements of grammar and good writing.Trade Review“…this is a lighthearted but highly effective reminder for anyone looking to avoid the pitfalls of the English language…” (Good Book Guide, June 2003)Table of ContentsThe Grouch and I. The Topics. 1. Think! 2. Agreement; or, Where Did the Subject Go? 3. Special Kinds of Subjects. 4. A Bit More about Each. 5. There-the Introducer. 6. Former Greats. 7. Just Because They Sound Alike. 8. The Reason Isn't Because. 9. May and Might: Did They or Didn't They? 10. As of Yet. 11. Floaters and Danglers. 12. A.M./Morning, P.M./Afternoon, Evening. 13. Would Have vs. Had. 14. Apostrophe Atrocities. 15. It's a Contraction-Really. 16. Whom Cares? 17. Whiches, Who's, and That's. 18. Where's the Irony? 19. The Intrusive Of. 20. Preposition Propositions. 21. But Won't You Miss Me? 22. Well, Better, Best, Most. 23. Between Who and What?: Prepositions with More Than One Object. 24. Other . . . or Else. 25. Lie, Lay. 26. A Case of Lead Poisoning. 27. Silly Tautologies. 28. False Series. 29. French Misses. 30. None Is, None Are? 31. Drug Is a Drag. It Must Have Snuck In. 32. And/Or. 33. Overworked and Undereffective. 34. Quantities, Numbers. 35. Watering What You're Writing: The Alleged Criminal and the Alleged Crime. 36. Only But Not Lonely. 37. Pairs-Some Trickier Than Others. 38. Between vs. Among. 39. Those Good Old Sayings. 40. Fuzz. 41. As . . .Than. 42. Not Appropriate. 43. Sorry, You've Already Used That One. 44. From Classical Tongues. 45. Like, Like. 46. Just the Facts, Ma'am. 47. Lost Causes? The Grouch Reflects. Afterword. Using This Book. Thanks. From the Grouch's Shelves-A Bibliography. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn accessible but technically rigorous guide to color management for all users in all market segments Understanding Color Management, 2nd Edition explains the basics of color science as needed to understand color profiling software, color measuring instruments, and software applications, such as Adobe Photoshop and proofing RIPs. It also serves as a practical guide to International Color Consortium (ICC) profiles describing procedures for managing color with digital cameras, LCD displays, inkjet proofers, digital presses and web browsers and tablets. Updates since the first edition include new chapters on iPads, tablets and smartphones; home-cinema projection systems, as well as, with the industrial user in mind, new additional chapters on large-format inkjet for signage and banner printing, flexography, xerography and spot color workflows. Key features: Managing color in digital cameras with Camera Raw and DNG. Step-by-stTable of ContentsForeword to 2nd Edition xv Foreword to 1st Edition xvii Preface xix Acknowledgments xxvii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Why Do We Need Color Management? 1 1.2 Closed-loop Color Control 3 1.3 Need for an Open System 4 1.4 A Color Management System 5 1.5 Color Management Workflows 8 1.6 ICC – International Color Consortium 10 1.7 RGB and CMYK Color Specification 13 1.8 CIE 1931 Yxy and CIE 1976 L∗a∗b∗ 16 1.9 Color Conversions 17 1.10 Three Cs of Color Management 19 1.11 Profile Types 20 1.11.1 Custom Profiles 20 1.11.2 Generic Profiles 21 1.11.3 Standard Profiles 22 1.12 Color Gamuts 24 1.13 Rendering Intents 26 1.14 Color Accuracy 28 1.15 Late-binding Workflows 29 1.16 Spot Colors and Proprietary Systems 30 1.17 Benefits of Color Management 31 1.18 Summary 34 2 Principles of Light and Color 37 2.1 Introduction 37 2.2 Light Source – Object – Human Observer 38 2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation 39 2.3.1 The Visible Spectrum 39 2.4 Specifying the Light Source 40 2.4.1 Spectral Power Distribution 40 2.4.2 Color Temperature 42 2.4.3 CIE Illuminants and Standard Sources 43 2.4.4 Viewing Booths 45 2.4.5 “Warm” and “Cold” Colors 46 2.5 Measuring the Sample Spectrum 46 2.5.1 Practical Color Samples 47 2.6 Quantifying Human Color Vision 49 2.6.1 CIE Standard Observer 50 2.6.2 Trichromatic Vision 51 2.7 Changing the Light Source 53 2.7.1 Chromatic Adaptation 53 2.7.2 Yellow Sodium-Vapor Street Lighting 54 2.7.3 Metamerism – Matching Jacket and Trousers 56 2.7.4 PANTONE® D50 Lighting Indicator 58 2.8 Vision and Measurement 58 2.8.1 Viewing the Invisible – Infrared 59 2.8.2 Ultraviolet Fluorescence 60 2.8.3 Color Illusions 60 2.8.4 Color Appearance Modeling 61 2.9 Summary 63 3 Color by Numbers 65 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 Basic Attributes of Color: Hue, Saturation, and Lightness 66 3.3 Munsell Color System 67 3.4 CIE Color Specification 68 3.5 XYZ Tristimulus Values 69 3.5.1 Calculating XYZ 69 3.5.2 XYZ Example Colors 71 3.5.3 XYZ for Light Sources 72 3.6 CIE 1931 Yxy System 72 3.6.1 Advantages of the Yxy Chromaticity Diagram 74 3.6.2 Disadvantages of the Yxy Chromaticity Diagram 75 3.7 CIE 1976 L∗a∗b∗ System 77 3.7.1 L∗a∗b∗ Practical Examples 80 3.7.2 L∗a∗b∗ vs. Spectral Data 82 3.8 CIE 1976 L∗C∗h 83 3.9 Quantifying Color Difference 84 3.9.1 Calculating ΔE 85 3.9.2 Improved ΔE Equations 88 3.9.3 Which ΔE Should I Use? 91 3.9.4 ΔE and Images 92 3.10 Summary 93 4 Measuring Instruments 95 4.1 Introduction 95 4.2 Instrument Types 96 4.3 Instrument Filter Bands 97 4.4 Densitometers 98 4.4.1 Density Equation 99 4.4.2 Status Densitometry 99 4.4.3 Density and Process Control 100 4.5 Colorimeters 101 4.5.1 Filter-based Colorimetry 101 4.5.2 Improvements in Display Colorimeters 103 4.6 Spectrophotometers 104 4.6.1 Spectrophotometer Features and Functions 106 4.6.2 Ever Popular X-Rite i1Pro2 109 4.6.3 OBA and UV Fluorescence 110 4.6.4 M0, M1, M2, M3 Measurement Modes 111 4.7 Smartphone and Other Low-cost Systems 114 4.8 Inter-instrument and Inter-model Agreement 115 4.9 Instrument Repeatability vs. Accuracy 116 4.10 Instrument Calibration 117 4.11 Summary 120 5 Inside Profiles 121 5.1 Introduction 121 5.2 ICC Profile Specification 122 5.3 Hexadecimal Profile Encoding 123 5.4 Structure of an ICC Profile 124 5.5 Profile Header 124 5.5.1 Preferred CMM 125 5.5.2 Specification Version 125 5.5.3 Profile Class 126 5.5.4 Data Color Space and PCS 127 5.5.5 Flags 128 5.5.6 Rendering Intent 130 5.5.7 PCS Illuminant 130 5.5.8 Profile Creator 130 5.6 Tag Table 131 5.6.1 Profile Description Tag 131 5.6.2 XYZ Primaries Tag 132 5.6.3 Tone Reproduction Curve Tag 133 5.6.4 Media White Point Tag 133 5.6.5 Chromatic Adaptation Tag 133 5.6.6 Lookup Table Tags 135 5.6.7 Target Tag 137 5.6.8 Gamut Tag 139 5.6.9 Optional Tags 139 5.6.10 Private Tags 140 5.7 Version 2 and Version 4 Profiles 140 5.8 Version 5 Profiles and iccMAX 141 5.9 How Does a Lookup Table Work? 142 5.10 Summary 144 6 Managing Color in Digital Cameras 147 6.1 Introduction 147 6.2 Scanner Profiling 148 6.2.1 Making a Scanner Profile 148 6.3 Paradigm Shift from Scanners to Digital Cameras 149 6.4 Color Management for a Digital Camera 152 6.4.1 Bayer Color Filter Array 152 6.4.2 In-Camera JPEG Processing 153 6.4.3 Camera RAW Processing 154 6.4.4 Camera RAW Color Management 155 6.4.5 Creating a Camera RAW Profile 157 6.4.6 Digital Negative – DNG 157 6.5 File Formats for Digital Cameras 159 6.5.1 JPEG Lossy File Format 160 6.5.2 TIFF Lossless File Format 161 6.6 Studio Color Management 161 6.7 Summary 162 7 Monitor Profiles 165 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Three Cs of Monitor Profiling 167 7.3 Monitor Profiling Solutions 167 7.3.1 Free Utilities 167 7.3.2 Commercial Profiling Software 168 7.3.3 Integrated Soft Proofing Solutions 169 7.3.4 Hardware Calibrated Monitor Systems 170 7.4 Monitor Basics 171 7.4.1 External Brightness and Contrast 171 7.4.2 RGB Primaries 172 7.4.3 White Point 174 7.4.4 Monitor Gamma 174 7.4.5 Luminance Levels 175 7.4.6 The Dingy Yellow Effect 175 7.5 Making a Monitor Profile 177 7.6 Checking a Monitor Profile 178 7.7 Monitor Profiles and Windows 179 7.8 Monitor Profiles and Web Browsers 180 7.9 Monitor Profiles and Mobile Devices 181 7.10 Soft Proofing in Adobe Acrobat 182 7.11 Standards for Viewing Booths 183 7.12 Summary 184 8 Press and Printer Profiling 187 8.1 Introduction 187 8.2 The Three Cs in Printer Profiling 188 8.3 Calibration in Inkjet Systems 188 8.3.1 Ink Limiting 189 8.3.2 Ink Hooking 190 8.3.3 Ink Splitting 191 8.4 Calibration in Digital Presses 192 8.5 Calibration in Offset Printing 193 8.5.1 G7 Calibration 194 8.5.2 Shared Neutral Appearance vs. Full Color Match 196 8.6 Printer Test Charts 197 8.6.1 Commonly Used Printer Test Charts 197 8.6.2 Visual vs. Random Layout 199 8.7 Printing and Measuring the Test Chart 200 8.7.1 RGB or CMYK or Halftone Printer? 200 8.7.2 Printing with “No Color Management” 202 8.7.3 Layout for Different Measuring Instruments 204 8.7.4 White Backing 205 8.7.5 Examining the Measurement File 205 8.7.6 Averaging Measurement Files 206 8.8 Making a Printer Profile 206 8.8.1 Black Channel Generation 206 8.8.2 Profile Quality 209 8.9 Checking the Printer Profile 210 8.9.1 Quantitative Checking 210 8.9.2 Qualitative Checking 212 8.10 Reference Printing Conditions 213 8.10.1 Developing Reference Printing Conditions 214 8.10.2 American and European Reference Printing Conditions 215 8.10.3 Using Reference Printing Conditions in Prepress and Press 217 8.10.4 “Printing to the Numbers” 219 8.11 Rendering Intents 221 8.11.1 Perceptual Rendering Intent 222 8.11.2 Relative Colorimetric Rendering Intent 223 8.11.3 Absolute Colorimetric Rendering Intent 224 8.11.4 Saturation Rendering Intent 225 8.12 Device LinkWorkflows 225 8.12.1 ICC Device Linking 225 8.12.2 Proprietary Device Linking 226 8.13 Process Control in Printing 227 8.14 Summary 230 9 Spot Colors & Expanded Gamut Printing 233 9.1 Introduction 233 9.2 Specifying a Spot Color – PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM® 236 9.2.1 PANTONE Guides 236 9.2.2 Pantone Digital Color Libraries 239 9.2.3 PANTONE Ink Formulation Recipes 241 9.2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of the PMS System 242 9.3 Printing a Spot Color 243 9.3.1 Printing with a Spot Color Ink 243 9.3.2 Simulating a Spot Color in CMYK 244 9.4 Spot Colors and Digital Presses 246 9.4.1 Creating a Swatch Book on a Digital Press 247 9.4.2 Spot Color Matching in Digital Presses 247 9.4.3 Spot Color Editor for a Digital Press 249 9.5 Expanded Gamut Printing 249 9.6 Software Solutions for Spot Colors and Expanded Gamut Printing 253 9.6.1 Gamut Warning in Adobe Photoshop 253 9.6.2 Using PANTONE Color Manager 253 9.6.3 Color Conversion with Esko Equinox 254 9.6.4 Gamut Calculation in Esko Color Engine Pilot 255 9.7 Summary 256 10 XML and Color Management 259 10.1 Introduction 259 10.2 Markup Languages 260 10.3 XML Design Principles 261 10.4 Basics of XML 262 10.4.1 Declaration 262 10.4.2 Elements 263 10.4.3 Attributes 263 10.4.4 Schema 264 10.4.5 Private Schemas 265 10.4.6 Validation and Conformance 265 10.5 Working with XML 267 10.5.1 iccMAX 267 10.5.2 Windows Color System (WCS) 268 10.5.3 Color Exchange Format (CxF) 269 10.5.4 X-Rite i1Profiler 271 10.5.5 JDF 272 10.6 XML not-best Practices 272 10.7 Summary 274 11 Color Management in Photoshop 275 11.1 Introduction 275 11.2 Photoshop Through the Ages 276 11.3 Photoshop’s Color Management Rules 278 11.3.1 Rule 1: Image + Profile 279 11.3.2 Rule 2: Profile – Connection Space – Profile 279 11.3.3 Rule 3: Real vs. Simulated Conversions 279 11.4 Photoshop’s Working Space 280 11.5 Menus in Photoshop 281 11.5.1 Opening an Image 282 11.5.2 Image Status 283 11.5.3 Color Settings 284 11.5.4 Assign Profile 286 11.5.5 Convert to Profile 287 11.5.6 Soft Proof Setup 289 11.6 Photoshop and Printing 290 11.6.1 Photoshop’s Print Settings 290 11.6.2 Hard Proofing 292 11.7 Putting It All Together 293 11.8 Summary 295 A Appendix 297 Index 305

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Book SynopsisThe book targets the application of the front-end digital compensation principles to real-life communication systems. For each system, the analog front-end requirements are deduced with and without digital compensation. It focuses on the IEEE 802. 11n WLAN communication system, the Long Term Evolution of the 3GPP cellular system, and the IEEE 802.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Introduction. 1.1. Wireless transceiver functional description. 1.2. Evolution of the wireless transceiver design. 1.3. Contribution of the book. 1.4. Organization. 2. New Air Interfaces. 2.1. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing. 2.2. Single-carrier with frequency domain equalization. 2.3. Multi-input multi-output OFDM. 2.4. Code-division multiple access. 2.5. Frequency-division multiple access. References. 3. Real Lie Front-Ends. 3.1. Front-end architectures. 3.2. Constituent blocks and their non-idealities. 3.3. Individual non-idealities. Referneces. 4. Impact of the Non-Ideal Front Ends on the System Performance. 4.1. OFDM system in the presence of carrier frequency domain and IQ imbalance. 4.2. SC-FDE system in the presence of carrier frequency offset, sample clock offset and IQ imbalance. 4.3. Comparison of the sensitivity of OFDM and SC-FDE to CFO, SCO and IQ imbalance. 4.4. OFDM and SC-FDE systems in he presence of phase noise. 4.5. OFDM system in the presence of clipping, quantization and nonlinearity. 4.6. SC-FDE system in the presence of clipping, quantization an nonlinearity. 4.7. MIMO systems. 4.8. Multi-user systems. References. 5. Generic OFDM System. 5.1. Definition of the generic OFDM system. 5.2. Burst detection. 5.3. AGC setting (amplitude estimation). 5.4. Coarse timing estimation. 5.5 Coarse CFO estimation. 5.6. Fine timing estimation. 5.7. Fine CFO estimation. 5.8. Complexity of auto- and cross-correlation. 5.9. Joint CFO and IQ imbalance acquisition. 5.10. Joint channel and frequency-dependent IQ imbalance estimation. 5.11. Tracking loops for phase noise and residual CFO/SCO. References. 6. Emerging Wireless Communication Systems. 6.1. IEEE 802.11n. 6.2. 3GPP Long-term evolution. Appendices. A. MMSE Linear Detector. B. ML Channel Estimator. C. Matlab Models of Non-Idealities. D. Mathematical Conventions. E. Abbreviations. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the advanced issues of FPGA design as the underlying theme of the work. In practice, an engineer typically needs to be mentored for several years before these principles are appropriately utilized. The topics that will be discussed in this book are essential to designing FPGA's beyond moderate complexity.Trade Review"Advanced FPGA Design is an excellent and concise reference book that is suitable for engineers already familiar with the fundamentals of FPGA design. (IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, November 2008)Table of ContentsPreface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1. Architecting Speed 1 1.1 High Throughput 2 1.2 Low Latency 4 1.3 Timing 6 1.3.1 Add Register Layers 6 1.3.2 Parallel Structures 8 1.3.3 Flatten Logic Structures 10 1.3.4 Register Balancing 12 1.3.5 Reorder Paths 14 1.4 Summary of Key Points 16 2. Architecting Area 17 2.1 Rolling Up the Pipeline 18 2.2 Control-Based Logic Reuse 20 2.3 Resource Sharing 23 2.4 Impact of Reset on Area 25 2.4.1 Resources Without Reset 25 2.4.2 Resources Without Set 26 2.4.3 Resources Without Asynchronous Reset 27 2.4.4 Resetting RAM 29 2.4.5 Utilizing Set/Reset Flip-Flop Pins 31 2.5 Summary of Key Points 34 3. Architecting Power 37 3.1 Clock Control 38 3.1.1 Clock Skew 39 3.1.2 Managing Skew 40 3.2 Input Control 42 3.3 Reducing the Voltage Supply 44 3.4 Dual-Edge Triggered Flip-Flops 44 3.5 Modifying Terminations 45 3.6 Summary of Key Points 46 4. Example Design: The Advanced Encryption Standard 47 4.1 AES Architectures 47 4.1.1 One Stage for Sub-bytes 51 4.1.2 Zero Stages for Shift Rows 51 4.1.3 Two Pipeline Stages for Mix-Column 52 4.1.4 One Stage for Add Round Key 52 4.1.5 Compact Architecture 53 4.1.6 Partially Pipelined Architecture 57 4.1.7 Fully Pipelined Architecture 60 4.2 Performance Versus Area 66 4.3 Other Optimizations 67 5. High-Level Design 69 5.1 Abstract Design Techniques 69 5.2 Graphical State Machines 70 5.3 DSP Design 75 5.4 Software/Hardware Codesign 80 5.5 Summary of Key Points 81 6. Clock Domains 83 6.1 Crossing Clock Domains 84 6.1.1 Metastability 86 6.1.2 Solution 1: Phase Control 88 6.1.3 Solution 2: Double Flopping 89 6.1.4 Solution 3: FIFO Structure 92 6.1.5 Partitioning Synchronizer Blocks 97 6.2 Gated Clocks in ASIC Prototypes 97 6.2.1 Clocks Module 98 6.2.2 Gating Removal 99 6.3 Summary of Key Points 100 7. Example Design: I2S Versus SPDIF 101 7.1 I2S 101 7.1.1 Protocol 102 7.1.2 Hardware Architecture 102 7.1.3 Analysis 105 7.2 SPDIF 107 7.2.1 Protocol 107 7.2.2 Hardware Architecture 108 7.2.3 Analysis 114 8. Implementing Math Functions 117 8.1 Hardware Division 117 8.1.1 Multiply and Shift 118 8.1.2 Iterative Division 119 8.1.3 The Goldschmidt Method 120 8.2 Taylor and Maclaurin Series Expansion 122 8.3 The CORDIC Algorithm 124 8.4 Summary of Key Points 126 9. Example Design: Floating-Point Unit 127 9.1 Floating-Point Formats 127 9.2 Pipelined Architecture 128 9.2.1 Verilog Implementation 131 9.2.2 Resources and Performance 137 10. Reset Circuits 139 10.1 Asynchronous Versus Synchronous 140 10.1.1 Problems with Fully Asynchronous Resets 140 10.1.2 Fully Synchronized Resets 142 10.1.3 Asynchronous Assertion, Synchronous Deassertion 144 10.2 Mixing Reset Types 145 10.2.1 Nonresetable Flip-Flops 145 10.2.2 Internally Generated Resets 146 10.3 Multiple Clock Domains 148 10.4 Summary of Key Points 149 11. Advanced Simulation 151 11.1 Testbench Architecture 152 11.1.1 Testbench Components 152 11.1.2 Testbench Flow 153 11.1.2.1 Main Thread 153 11.1.2.2 Clocks and Resets 154 11.1.2.3 Test Cases 155 11.2 System Stimulus 157 11.2.1 MATLAB 157 11.2.2 Bus-Functional Models 158 11.3 Code Coverage 159 11.4 Gate-Level Simulations 159 11.5 Toggle Coverage 162 11.6 Run-Time Traps 165 11.6.1 Timescale 165 11.6.2 Glitch Rejection 165 11.6.3 Combinatorial Delay Modeling 166 11.7 Summary of Key Points 169 12. Coding for Synthesis 171 12.1 Decision Trees 172 12.1.1 Priority Versus Parallel 172 12.1.2 Full Conditions 176 12.1.3 Multiple Control Branches 179 12.2 Traps 180 12.2.1 Blocking Versus Nonblocking 180 12.2.2 For-Loops 183 12.2.3 Combinatorial Loops 185 12.2.4 Inferred Latches 187 12.3 Design Organization 188 12.3.1 Partitioning 188 12.3.1.1 Data Path Versus Control 188 12.3.1.2 Clock and Reset Structures 189 12.3.1.3 Multiple Instantiations 190 12.3.2 Parameterization 191 12.3.2.1 Definitions 191 12.3.2.2 Parameters 192 12.3.2.3 Parameters in Verilog-2001 194 12.4 Summary of Key Points 195 13. Example Design: The Secure Hash Algorithm 197 13.1 SHA-1 Architecture 197 13.2 Implementation Results 204 14. Synthesis Optimization 205 14.1 Speed Versus Area 206 14.2 Resource Sharing 208 14.3 Pipelining, Retiming, and Register Balancing 211 14.3.1 The Effect of Reset on Register Balancing 213 14.3.2 Resynchronization Registers 215 14.4 FSM Compilation 216 14.4.1 Removal of Unreachable States 219 14.5 Black Boxes 220 14.6 Physical Synthesis 223 14.6.1 Forward Annotation Versus Back-Annotation 224 14.6.2 Graph-Based Physical Synthesis 225 14.7 Summary of Key Points 226 15. Floorplanning 229 15.1 Design Partitioning 229 15.2 Critical-Path Floorplanning 232 15.3 Floorplanning Dangers 233 15.4 Optimal Floorplanning 234 15.4.1 Data Path 234 15.4.2 High Fan-Out 234 15.4.3 Device Structure 235 15.4.4 Reusability 238 15.5 Reducing Power Dissipation 238 15.6 Summary of Key Points 240 16. Place and Route Optimization 241 16.1 Optimal Constraints 241 16.2 Relationship between Placement and Routing 244 16.3 Logic Replication 246 16.4 Optimization across Hierarchy 247 16.5 I/O Registers 248 16.6 Pack Factor 250 16.7 Mapping Logic into RAM 251 16.8 Register Ordering 251 16.9 Placement Seed 252 16.10 Guided Place and Route 254 16.11 Summary of Key Points 254 17. Example Design: Microprocessor 257 17.1 SRC Architecture 257 17.2 Synthesis Optimizations 259 17.2.1 Speed Versus Area 260 17.2.2 Pipelining 261 17.2.3 Physical Synthesis 262 17.3 Floorplan Optimizations 262 17.3.1 Partitioned Floorplan 263 17.3.2 Critical-Path Floorplan: Abstraction 1 264 17.3.3 Critical-Path Floorplan: Abstraction 2 265 18. Static Timing Analysis 269 18.1 Standard Analysis 269 18.2 Latches 273 18.3 Asynchronous Circuits 276 18.3.1 Combinatorial Feedback 277 18.4 Summary of Key Points 278 19. PCB Issues 279 19.1 Power Supply 279 19.1.1 Supply Requirements 279 19.1.2 Regulation 283 19.2 Decoupling Capacitors 283 19.2.1 Concept 283 19.2.2 Calculating Values 285 19.2.3 Capacitor Placement 286 19.3 Summary of Key Points 288 Appendix A 289 Appendix B 303 Bibliography 319 Index 321

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Book SynopsisThe focus of this book is on recognizing convex optimization problems and then finding the most appropriate technique for solving them. It contains many worked examples and homework exercises and will appeal to students, researchers and practitioners in fields such as engineering, computer science, mathematics, statistics, finance and economics.Trade Review'Boyd and Vandenberghe have written a beautiful book that I strongly recommend to everyone interested in optimization and computational mathematics: Convex Optimization is a very readable introduction to this modern field of research.' Mathematics of Operations Research'… a beautiful book that I strongly recommend to everyone interested in optimization and computational mathematics … a very readable and inspiring introduction to this modern field of research. I recommend it as one of the best optimization textbooks that have appeared in the last years.' Mathematical Methods of Operations Research'I highly recommend it either if you teach nonlinear optimization at the graduate level for a supplementary reading list and for your library, or if you solve optimization problems and wish to know more about solution methods and applications.' International Statistical institute'… the whole book is characterized by clarity. … a very good pedagogical book … excellent to grasp the important concepts of convex analysis [and] to develop an art in modelling optimization problems intelligently.' Matapli'The book by Boyd and Vandenberghe reviewed here is one of … the best I have ever seen … it is a gentle, but rigorous, introduction to the basic concepts and methods of the field … this book is meant to be a 'first book' for the student or practitioner of optimization. However, I think that even the experienced researcher in the field has something to gain from reading this book: I have very much enjoyed the easy to follow presentation of many meaningful examples and suggestive interpretations meant to help the student's understanding penetrate beyond the surface of the formal description of the concepts and techniques. For teachers of convex optimization this book can be a gold mine of exercises. MathSciNetTable of ContentsPreface; 1. Introduction; Part I. Theory: 2. Convex sets; 3. Convex functions; 4. Convex optimization problems; 5. Duality; Part II. Applications: 6. Approximation and fitting; 7. Statistical estimation; 8. Geometrical problems; Part III. Algorithms: 9. Unconstrained minimization; 10. Equality constrained minimization; 11. Interior-point methods; Appendices.

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Book SynopsisWritten by a leading author on the subject, PID and Predictive Control of Electric Drives and Power Supplies using MATLAB / Simulink provides a timely introduction to current research on PID and predictive control.Table of ContentsAbout the Authors xiii Preface xv Acknowledgment xix List of Symbols and Acronyms xxi 1 Modeling of AC Drives and Power Converter 1 1.1 Space Phasor Representation 1 1.1.1 Space Vector for Magnetic Motive Force 1 1.1.2 Space Vector Representation of Voltage Equation 4 1.2 Model of Surface Mounted PMSM 5 1.2.1 Representation in Stationary Reference Frame 5 1.2.2 Representation in Synchronous Reference Frame 7 1.2.3 Electromagnetic Torque 8 1.3 Model of Interior Magnets PMSM 10 1.3.1 Complete Model of PMSM 11 1.4 Per Unit Model and PMSM Parameters 11 1.4.1 Per Unit Model and Physical Parameters 11 1.4.2 Experimental Validation of PMSM Model 12 1.5 Modeling of Induction Motor 13 1.5.1 Space Vector Representation of Voltage Equation of Induction Motor 13 1.5.2 Representation in Stationary Reference Frame 17 1.5.3 Representation in Reference Frame 17 1.5.4 Electromagnetic Torque of Induction Motor 19 1.5.5 Model Parameters of Induction Motor and Model Validation 19 1.6 Modeling of Power Converter 21 1.6.1 Space Vector Representation of Voltage Equation for Power Converter 22 1.6.2 Representation in Reference Frame 22 1.6.3 Representation in Reference Frame 23 1.6.4 Energy Balance Equation 24 1.7 Summary 25 1.8 Further Reading 25 References 25 2 Control of Semiconductor Switches via PWM Technologies 27 2.1 Topology of IGBT Inverter 28 2.2 Six-step Operating Mode 30 2.3 Carrier Based PWM 31 2.3.1 Sinusoidal PWM 31 2.3.2 Carrier Based PWM with Zero-sequence Injection 32 2.4 Space Vector PWM 35 2.5 Simulation Study of the Effect of PWM 37 2.6 Summary 40 2.7 Further Reading 40 References 40 3 PID Control System Design for Electrical Drives and Power Converters 41 3.1 Overview of PID Control Systems Using Pole-assignment Design Techniques 42 3.1.1 PI Controller Design 42 3.1.2 Selecting the Desired Closed-loop Performance 43 3.1.3 Overshoot in Reference Response 45 3.1.4 PID Controller Design 46 3.1.5 Cascade PID Control Systems 48 3.2 Overview of PID Control of PMSM 49 3.2.1 Bridging the Sensor Measurements to Feedback Signals (See the lower part of Figure 3.6) 50 3.2.2 Bridging the Control Signals to the Inputs to the PMSM (See the top part of Figure 3.6) 51 3.3 PI Controller Design for Torque Control of PMSM 52 3.3.1 Set-point Signals to the Current Control Loops 52 3.3.2 Decoupling of the Current Control Systems 53 3.3.3 PI Current Controller Design 54 3.4 Velocity Control of PMSM 55 3.4.1 Inner-loop Proportional Control of q-axis Current 55 3.4.2 Cascade Feedback Control of Velocity:P Plus PI 57 3.4.3 Simulation Example for P Plus PI Control System 59 3.4.4 Cascade Feedback Control of Velocity:PI Plus PI 61 3.4.5 Simulation Example for PI Plus PI Control System 63 3.5 PID Controller Design for Position Control of PMSM 64 3.6 Overview of PID Control of Induction Motor 65 3.6.1 Bridging the Sensor Measurements to Feedback Signals 67 3.6.2 Bridging the Control Signals to the Inputs to the Induction Motor 67 3.7 PID Controller Design for Induction Motor 68 3.7.1 PI Control of Electromagnetic Torque of Induction Motor 68 3.7.2 Cascade Control of Velocity and Position 70 3.7.3 Slip Estimation 73 3.8 Overview of PID Control of Power Converter 74 3.8.1 Bridging Sensor Measurements to Feedback Signals 75 3.8.2 Bridging the Control Signals to the Inputs of the Power Converter 76 3.9 PI Current and Voltage Controller Design for Power Converter 76 3.9.1 P Control of d-axis Current 76 3.9.2 PI Control of q-axis Current 77 3.9.3 PI Cascade Control of Output Voltage 79 3.9.4 Simulation Example 80 3.9.5 Phase Locked Loop 80 3.10 Summary 82 3.11 Further Reading 83 References 83 4 PID Control System Implementation 87 4.1 P and PI Controller Implementation in Current Control Systems 87 4.1.1 Voltage Operational Limits in Current Control Systems 87 4.1.2 Discretization of Current Controllers 90 4.1.3 Anti-windup Mechanisms 92 4.2 Implementation of Current Controllers for PMSM 93 4.3 Implementation of Current Controllers for Induction Motors 95 4.4 Current Controller Implementation for Power Converter 97 4.4.1 Constraints on the Control Variables 97 4.5 Implementation of Outer-loop PI Control System 98 4.5.1 Constraints in the Outer-loop 98 4.5.2 Over Current Protection for AC Machines 99 4.5.3 Implementation of Outer-loop PI Control of Velocity 100 4.5.4 Over Current Protection for Power Converters 100 4.6 MATLAB Tutorial on Implementation of PI Controller 100 4.7 Summary 102 4.8 Further Reading 103 References 103 5 Tuning PID Control Systems with Experimental Validations 105 5.1 Sensitivity Functions in Feedback Control Systems 105 5.1.1 Two-degrees of Freedom Control System Structure 105 5.1.2 Sensitivity Functions 109 5.1.3 Disturbance Rejection and Noise Attenuation 110 5.2 Tuning Current-loop q-axis Proportional Controller (PMSM) 111 5.2.1 Performance Factor and Proportional Gain 112 5.2.2 Complementary Sensitivity Function 112 5.2.3 Sensitivity and Input Sensitivity Functions 114 5.2.4 Effect of PWM Noise on Current Proportional Control System 114 5.2.5 Effect of Current Sensor Noise and Bias 116 5.2.6 Experimental Case Study of Current Sensor Bias Using P Control 118 5.2.7 Experimental Case Study of Current Loop Noise 119 5.3 Tuning Current-loop PI Controller (PMSM) 123 5.4 Performance Robustness in Outer-loop Controllers 128 5.4.1 Sensitivity Functions for Outer-loop Control System 131 5.4.2 Input Sensitivity Functions for the Outer-loop System 135 5.5 Analysis of Time-delay Effects 136 5.5.1 PI Control of q-axis Current 137 5.5.2 P Control of q-axis Current 137 5.6 Tuning Cascade PI Control Systems for Induction Motor 138 5.6.1 Robustness of Cascade PI Control System 140 5.6.2 Robustness Study Using Nyquist Plot 143 5.7 Tuning PI Control Systems for Power Converter 147 5.7.1 Overview of the Designs 147 5.7.2 Tuning the Current Controllers 149 5.7.3 Tuning Voltage Controller 150 5.7.4 Experimental Evaluations 154 5.8 Tuning P Plus PI Controllers for Power Converter 157 5.8.1 Design and Sensitivity Functions 157 5.8.2 Experimental Results 158 5.9 Robustness of Power Converter Control System Using PI Current Controllers 159 5.9.1 Variation of Inductance Using PI Current Controllers 160 5.9.2 Variation of Capacitance on Closed-loop Performance 163 5.10 Summary 167 5.10.1 Current Controllers 167 5.10.2 Velocity, Position and Voltage Controllers 168 5.10.3 Choice between P Current Control and PI Current Control 169 5.11 Further Reading 169 References 169 6 FCS Predictive Control in d − q Reference Frame 171 6.1 States of IGBT Inverter and the Operational Constraints 172 6.2 FCS Predictive Control of PMSM 175 6.3 MATLAB Tutorial on Real-time Implementation of FCS-MPC 177 6.3.1 Simulation Results 179 6.3.2 Experimental Results of FCS Control 181 6.4 Analysis of FCS-MPC System 182 6.4.1 Optimal Control System 182 6.4.2 Feedback Controller Gain 184 6.4.3 Constrained Optimal Control 185 6.5 Overview of FCS-MPC with Integral Action 187 6.6 Derivation of I-FCS Predictive Control Algorithm 191 6.6.1 Optimal Control without Constraints 191 6.6.2 I-FCS Predictive Controller with Constraints 194 6.6.3 Implementation of I-FCS-MPC Algorithm 196 6.7 MATLAB Tutorial on Implementation of I-FCS Predictive Controller 197 6.7.1 Simulation Results 198 6.8 I-FCS Predictive Control of Induction Motor 201 6.8.1 The Control Algorithm for an Induction Motor 202 6.8.2 Simulation Results 204 6.8.3 Experimental Results 205 6.9 I-FCS Predictive Control of Power Converter 209 6.9.1 I-FCS Predictive Control of a Power Converter 209 6.9.2 Simulation Results 211 6.9.3 Experimental Results 214 6.10 Evaluation of Robustness of I-FCS-MPC via Monte-Carlo Simulations 215 6.10.1 Discussion on Mean Square Errors 216 6.11 Velocity and Position Control of PMSM Using I-FCS-MPC 218 6.11.1 Choice of Sampling Rate for the Outer-loop Control System 219 6.11.2 Velocity and Position Controller Design 223 6.12 Velocity and Position Control of Induction Motor Using I-FCS-MPC 224 6.12.1 I-FCS Cascade Velocity Control of Induction Motor 225 6.12.2 I-FCS-MPC Cascade Position Control of Induction Motor 226 6.12.3 Experimental Evaluation of Velocity Control 228 6.13 Summary 232 6.13.1 Selection of sampling interval 233 6.13.2 Selection of the Integral Gain 233 6.14 Further Reading 234 References 234 7 FCS Predictive Control in Reference Frame 237 7.1 FCS Predictive Current Control of PMSM 237 7.1.1 Predictive Control Using One-step-ahead Prediction 238 7.1.2 FCS Current Control in Reference Frame 239 7.1.3 Generating Current Reference Signals in Frame 240 7.2 Resonant FCS Predictive Current Control 241 7.2.1 Control System Configuration 241 7.2.2 Outer-loop Controller Design 242 7.2.3 Resonant FCS Predictive Control System 243 7.3 Resonant FCS Current Control of Induction Motor 247 7.3.1 The Original FCS Current Control of Induction Motor 247 7.3.2 Resonant FCS Predictive Current Control of Induction Motor 250 7.3.3 Experimental Evaluations of Resonant FCS Predictive Control 252 7.4 Resonant FCS Predictive Power Converter Control 255 7.4.1 FCS Predictive Current Control of Power Converter 255 7.4.2 Experimental Results of Resonant FCS Predictive Control 260 7.5 Summary 261 7.6 Further Reading 262 References 262 8 Discrete-time Model Predictive Control (DMPC) of Electrical Drives and Power Converter 265 8.1 Linear Discrete-time Model for PMSM 266 8.1.1 Linear Model for PMSM 266 8.1.2 Discretization of the Continuous-time Model 267 8.2 Discrete-time MPC Design with Constraints 268 8.2.1 Augmented Model 269 8.2.2 Design without Constraints 270 8.2.3 Formulation of the Constraints 272 8.2.4 On-line Solution for Constrained MPC 272 8.3 Experimental Evaluation of DMPC of PMSM 274 8.3.1 The MPC Parameters 274 8.3.2 Constraints 275 8.3.3 Response to Load Disturbances 275 8.3.4 Response to a Staircase Reference 277 8.3.5 Tuning of the MPC controller 278 8.4 Power Converter Control Using DMPC with Experimental Validation 280 8.5 Summary 281 8.6 Further Reading 282 References 283 9 Continuous-time Model Predictive Control (CMPC) of Electrical Drives and PowerConverter 285 9.1 Continuous-time MPC Design 286 9.1.1 Augmented Model 286 9.1.2 Description of the Control Trajectories Using Laguerre Functions 287 9.1.3 Continuous-time Predictive Control without Constraints 289 9.1.4 Tuning of CMPC Control System Using Exponential Data Weighting and Prescribed Degree of Stability 292 9.2 CMPC with Nonlinear Constraints 294 9.2.1 Approximation of Nonlinear Constraint Using Four Linear Constraints 294 9.2.2 Approximation of Nonlinear Constraint Using Sixteen Linear Constraints 294 9.2.3 State Feedback Observer 297 9.3 Simulation and Experimental Evaluation of CMPC of Induction Motor 298 9.3.1 Simulation Results 298 9.3.2 Experimental Results 300 9.4 Continuous-time Model Predictive Control of Power Converter 301 9.4.1 Use of Prescribed Degree of Stability in the Design 302 9.4.2 Experimental Results for Rectification Mode 303 9.4.3 Experimental Results for Regeneration Mode 303 9.4.4 Experimental Results for Disturbance Rejection 304 9.5 Gain Scheduled Predictive Controller 305 9.5.1 The Weighting Parameters 305 9.5.2 Gain Scheduled Predictive Control Law 307 9.6 Experimental Results of Gain Scheduled Predictive Control of Induction Motor 309 9.6.1 The First Set of Experimental Results 309 9.6.2 The Second Set of Experimental Results 311 9.6.3 The Third Set of Experimental Results 312 9.7 Summary 312 9.8 Further Reading 313 References 313 10 MATLAB®/Simulink® Tutorials on Physical Modeling and Test-bed Setup 315 10.1 Building Embedded Functions for Park-Clarke Transformation 315 10.1.1 Park-Clarke Transformation for Current Measurements 316 10.1.2 Inverse Park-Clarke Transformation for Voltage Actuation 317 10.2 Building Simulation Model for PMSM 318 10.3 Building Simulation Model for Induction Motor 320 10.4 Building Simulation Model for Power Converter 325 10.4.1 Embedded MATLAB Function for Phase Locked Loop (PLL) 325 10.4.2 Physical Simulation Model for Grid Connected Voltage Source Converter 328 10.5 PMSM Experimental Setup 332 10.6 Induction Motor Experimental Setup 334 10.6.1 Controller 334 10.6.2 Power Supply 334 10.6.3 Inverter 335 10.6.4 Mechanical Load 335 10.6.5 Induction Motor and Sensors 335 10.7 Grid Connected Power Converter Experimental Setup 335 10.7.1 Controller 335 10.7.2 Inverter 336 10.7.3 Sensors 336 10.8 Summary 337 10.9 Further Reading 337 References 337 Index 339

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Book SynopsisTreating both integral and differential equation formulations in a unified manner, this book should be a useful reference for graduate use or self-study. Its primary focus is on open-region formulations, and the majority of the material is presented in the context of electromagnetic scattering.Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgments. Electromagnetic Theory. Integral Equation Methods for Scattering from Infinite Cylinders. Differential Equation Methods for Scattering from Infinite Cylinders. Algorithms for the Solution of Linear Systems of Equations. The Discretization Process. Basis/Testing Functions and Convergence. Alternative Surface Integral Equation Formulations. Strip Gratings and Other Two-Dimensional Structures with One-Dimensional Periodicity. Three-Dimensional problems with Translational or Rotational Symmetry. Subsectional Basis Functions for MultiDimensional and Vector Problems. Integral Equation Methods for Three-Dimensional Bodies. Frequency-Domain Differential Equation Formulations for Open Three-Dimensional Problems. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methods on Orthogonal Meshes. Appendix A: Quadrature. Appendix B: Source-Field Relationships for Cylinders Illuminated by an Obliquely Incident Field. Appendix C: Fortran Codes for TM Scattering From Perfect Electric Conducting Cylinders. Appendix D: Additional Software Available Via the Internet. Index. About the Authors.

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Book SynopsisA guide to the 3GPP-specified 5G physical layer with a focus on the new beam-based dimension in the radio system 5G New Radio: A Beam-based Air Interface is an authoritative guide to the newly 3GPP-specified 5G physical layer. The contributorsnoted experts on the topic and creators of the actual standardfocus on the beam-based operation which is a new dimension in the radio system due to the millimeter wave deployments of 5G. The book contains information that complements the 3GPP specification and helps to connect the dots regarding key features. The book assumes a basic knowledge of multi-antenna technologies and covers the physical layer aspects related to beam operation, such as initial access, details of reference signal design, beam management, and DL and UL data channel transmission. The contributors also provide a brief overview of standardization efforts, IMT-2020 submission, 5G spectrum, and performance analysis of 5G components.This important tTable of ContentsList of Contributors xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction and Background 1Mihai Enescu and Karri Ranta-aho 1.1 Why 5G? 1 1.2 Requirements and Targets 2 1.2.1 System Requirements 3 1.2.2 5G Spectrum 7 1.3 Technology Components and Design Considerations 10 1.3.1 Waveform 12 1.3.2 Multiple Access 13 1.3.3 Scalable/Multi Numerology 13 1.3.3.1 Motivation for Multiple Numerologies 13 1.3.3.2 5G NR Numerologies 13 1.3.4 Multi-antenna 17 1.3.5 Interworking with LTE and Other Technologies 18 1.3.6 5G Beam Based Technologies Across Release 15 and Release 16 19 1.3.6.1 Integrated Access and Backhaul 19 1.3.6.2 NR Operation on Unlicensed Frequency Bands (NR-U) 20 1.3.6.3 Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications 21 1.3.6.4 Vehicular-to-everything (V2X) 21 1.3.6.5 Positioning 22 1.3.6.6 System Enhancements 22 2 Network Architecture and NR Radio Protocols 25Dawid Koziol and Helka-Liina Määttänen 2.1 Architecture Overview 25 2.2 Core Network Architecture 26 2.2.1 Overview 26 2.2.2 Service Request Procedure 29 2.3 Radio Access Network 31 2.3.1 NR Standalone RAN Architecture 31 2.3.2 Additional Architectural Options 32 2.3.3 CU-DU and UP-CP Split 37 2.4 NR Radio Interface Protocols 41 2.4.1 Overall Protocol Structure 41 2.4.2 Main Functions of NR Radio Protocols 44 2.4.3 SDAP Layer 47 2.4.4 PDCP Layer 47 2.4.4.1 PDCP Packet Transmission 48 2.4.4.2 PDCP Duplication 49 2.4.4.3 Access Stratum (AS) Security 50 2.4.4.4 Robust Header Compression (ROHC) 50 2.4.5 RLC 50 2.4.5.1 Segmentation and Concatenation 51 2.4.5.2 RLC Reordering 51 2.4.5.3 ARQ Retransmissions and Status Reporting 52 2.4.6 MAC Protocol 53 2.4.6.1 Overview 53 2.4.6.2 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 53 2.4.6.3 Logical Channel Prioritization 54 2.4.6.4 Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) 57 2.4.6.5 BWP Operation 58 2.4.6.6 Scheduling Request 60 2.4.6.7 Semi Persistent Scheduling and Configured Grants 60 2.4.6.8 Discontinuous Reception (DRX) 60 2.4.6.9 Buffer Status Reports 62 2.4.6.10 Timing Advance Operation 62 2.4.6.11 MAC Control Elements 63 2.4.7 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 67 2.4.7.1 Overview 67 2.4.7.2 RRC State Machine 68 2.4.7.3 Cells, Cell Groups, and Signaling Radio Bearers 70 2.4.7.4 System Information 71 2.4.7.5 Unified Access Control (UAC) 78 2.4.7.6 Connection Control 79 2.4.7.7 NAS Information Transfer 87 2.4.7.8 UE Assistance Information 87 2.4.7.9 RRC PDU Structure 89 3 PHY Layer 95Mihai Enescu, Youngsoo Yuk, Fred Vook, Karri Ranta-aho, Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Emad Farag, Stephen Grant, and Alexandros Manolakos 3.1 Introduction (Mihai Enescu, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 95 3.2 NRWaveforms (Youngsoo Yuk, Nokia Bell Labs, Korea) 96 3.2.1 Advanced CP-OFDM Waveforms for Multi-Service Support 96 3.2.2 Low PAPR Waveform for Coverage Enhancement 102 3.2.3 Considerations on the Waveform for above 52.6 GHz 104 3.3 Antenna Architectures in 5G (Fred Vook, Nokia Bell Labs, USA) 105 3.3.1 Beamforming 105 3.3.2 Antenna Array Architectures 108 3.3.3 Antenna Panels 110 3.3.4 Antenna Virtualization 111 3.3.5 Antenna Ports 113 3.3.6 Beamforming for a Beam-Based Air Interface 115 3.4 Frame Structure and Resource Allocation (Karri Ranta-aho, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 115 3.4.1 Resource Grid 115 3.4.2 Data Scheduling and HARQ 118 3.4.3 Frequency Domain Resource Allocation and Bandwidth Part 119 3.4.4 Time Domain Resource Allocation 123 3.5 Synchronization Signals and Broadcast Channels in NR Beam-Based System (Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 125 3.5.1 SS/PBCH Block 125 3.5.2 Synchronization Signal Structure 126 3.5.3 Broadcast Channels 128 3.5.3.1 PBCH 128 3.5.3.2 SIB1 129 3.5.3.3 Delivery of Other Broadcast Information and Support of Beamforming 135 3.6 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) (Emad Farag, Nokia Bell Labs, USA) 139 3.6.1 Introduction 139 3.6.2 Preamble Sequence 140 3.6.2.1 Useful Properties of Zhadoff-Chu Sequences 140 3.6.2.2 Unrestricted Preamble Sequences 142 3.6.2.3 Restricted Preamble Sequences 144 3.6.3 Preamble Formats 147 3.6.3.1 Long Sequence Preamble Formats 148 3.6.3.2 Short Sequence Preamble Formats 149 3.6.4 PRACH Occasion 150 3.6.5 PRACH Baseband Signal Generation 155 3.7 CSI-RS (Stephen Grant, Ericsson, USA) 159 3.7.1 Overview 159 3.7.1.1 CSI-RS Use Cases 159 3.7.1.2 Key Differences with LTE 161 3.7.2 Physical Layer Design 162 3.7.2.1 Mapping to Physical Resources 162 3.7.2.2 Antenna Port Mapping 167 3.7.2.3 Sequence Generation and Mapping 167 3.7.2.4 Time Domain Behavior 168 3.7.2.5 Multiplexing with Other Signals 169 3.7.3 Zero Power CSI-RS 170 3.7.4 Interference Measurement Resources (CSI-IM) 170 3.7.5 CSI-RS Resource Sets 171 3.7.5.1 CSI-RS for Tracking 171 3.7.5.2 CSI-RS for L1-RSRP Measurement 173 3.8 PDSCH and PUSCH DM-RS, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (Alexandros Manolakos, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc, USA) 176 3.8.1 Overview 176 3.8.1.1 What is DM-RS Used for? 176 3.8.1.2 Key Differences from LTE 176 3.8.2 Physical Layer Design 178 3.8.2.1 Mapping to Physical Resources 178 3.8.2.2 Default DM-RS Pattern for PDSCH and PUSCH 189 3.8.2.3 Sequence Generation and Scrambling 193 3.8.3 Procedures and Signaling 200 3.8.3.1 Physical Resource Block Bundling 200 3.8.3.2 DM-RS to PDSCH and PUSCH EPRE Ratio 205 3.8.3.3 Antenna Port DCI Signaling 207 3.8.3.4 Quasi-Colocation Considerations for DM-RS of PDSCH 209 3.9 Phrase- Tracking RS (Youngsoo Yuk, Nokia Bell Labs, Korea) 210 3.9.1 Phase Noise and its Modeling 210 3.9.1.1 Phase Noise in mm-Wave Frequency and its Impact to OFDM System 210 3.9.1.2 Principles of Oscillator Design and Practical Phase Noise Modeling 211 3.9.2 Principle of Phase Noise Compensation 216 3.9.3 NR PT-RS Structure and Procedures 221 3.9.3.1 PT-RS Design for Downlink 221 3.9.3.2 PT-RS Design for Uplink CP-OFDM 224 3.9.3.3 PT-RS Design for Uplink DFT-s-OFDM 225 3.10 SRS (Stephen Grant, Ericsson, USA) 228 3.10.1 Overview 228 3.10.1.1 SRS Use Cases 228 3.10.1.2 Key Differences with LTE 229 3.10.2 Physical Layer Design 230 3.10.2.1 Mapping to Physical Resources 230 3.10.2.2 Antenna Port Mapping 237 3.10.2.3 Sequence Generation and Mapping 239 3.10.2.4 Multiplexing with Other UL Signals 243 3.10.3 SRS Resource Sets 244 3.10.3.1 SRS for Downlink CSI Acquisition for Reciprocity-Based Operation 244 3.10.3.2 SRS for Uplink CSI Acquisition 245 3.10.3.3 SRS for Uplink Beam Management 246 3.11 Power Control (Mihai Enescu, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 246 3.12 DL and UL Transmission Framework (Mihai Enescu, Nokia, Karri Ranta-aho, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 249 3.12.1 Downlink Transmission Schemes for PDSCH 249 3.12.2 Downlink Transmit Processing 250 3.12.2.1 PHY Processing for PDSCH 250 3.12.2.2 PHY Processing for PDCCH 251 3.12.3 Uplink Transmission Schemes for PUSCH 254 3.12.3.1 Codebook Based UL Transmission 254 3.12.3.2 Non-Codebook Based UL Transmission 255 3.12.4 Uplink Transmit Processings 255 3.12.4.1 PHY Processing for PUSCH 255 3.12.5 Bandwidth Adaptation 256 3.12.5.1 Overview 256 3.12.5.2 Support for Narrow-Band UE in a Wide-Band Cell 257 3.12.5.3 Saving Battery with Bandwidth Adaptation 257 3.12.5.4 Spectrum Flexibility 260 3.12.6 Radio Network Temporary Identifiers (RNTI) 260 4 Main Radio Interface Related System Procedures 261Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Emad Farag, Mihai Enescu, Claes Tidestav, Juha Karjalainen, Timo Koskela, Sebastian Faxér, Dawid Koziol, and Helka-Liina Määttänen 4.1 Initial Access (Jorma Kaikkonen, Sami Hakola, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland, Emad Farag, Nokia Bell Labs, USA) 261 4.1.1 Cell Search 261 4.1.1.1 SS/PBCH Block Time Pattern 262 4.1.1.2 Initial Cell Selection Related Assistance Information 265 4.1.2 Random Access 265 4.1.2.1 Introduction 265 4.1.2.2 Higher Layer Random Access Procedures 266 4.1.2.3 Random Access Use Cases 274 4.1.2.4 Physical Layer Random Access Procedures 274 4.1.2.5 RACH in Release 16 283 4.2 Beam Management (Mihai Enescu, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland, Claes Tidestav, Ericsson, Sweden, Sami Hakola, Juha Karjalainen, Nokia Bell Labs, Finland) 287 4.2.1 Introduction to Beam Management 287 4.2.2 Beam Management Procedures 289 4.2.2.1 Beamwidths 291 4.2.2.2 Beam Determination 291 4.2.3 Beam Indication Framework for DL Quasi Co-location and TCI States 296 4.2.3.1 QCL 296 4.2.3.2 TCI Framework 297 4.2.4 Beam Indication Framework for UL Transmission 303 4.2.4.1 SRS Configurations 305 4.2.4.2 Signaling Options for SRS Used for UL Beam Management 306 4.2.4.3 Beam Reporting from a UE with Multiple Panels 306 4.2.5 Reporting of L1-RSRP 307 4.2.6 Beam Failure Detection and Recovery 312 4.2.6.1 Overview 312 4.2.6.2 Beam Failure Detection 313 4.2.6.3 New Candidate Beam Selection 314 4.2.6.4 Recovery Request and Response 315 4.2.6.5 Completion of BFR Procedure 316 4.3 CSI Framework (Sebastian Faxér, Ericsson, Sweden) 317 4.3.1 Reporting and Resource Settings 318 4.3.2 Reporting Configurations and CSI Reporting Content 323 4.3.2.1 The Different CSI Parameters 323 4.3.2.2 CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI) 323 4.3.2.3 SSB Resource Indicator 324 4.3.2.4 Precoder Matrix Indicator (PMI) and Rank Indicator (RI) 324 4.3.2.5 Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) 325 4.3.2.6 Layer Indicator (LI) 327 4.3.2.7 Layer-1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP) 327 4.3.2.8 Reporting Quantities 327 4.3.2.9 Frequency-Granularity 331 4.3.2.10 Measurement Restriction of Channel and Interference 332 4.3.2.11 Codebook Configuration 333 4.3.2.12 NZP CSI-RS Based Interference Measurement 333 4.3.3 Triggering/Activation of CSI Reports and CSI-RS 334 4.3.3.1 Aperiodic CSI-RS/IM and CSI Reporting 334 4.3.3.2 Semi-Persistent CSI-RS/IM and CSI Reporting 335 4.3.4 UCI Encoding 337 4.3.4.1 Collision Rules and Priority Order 338 4.3.4.2 Partial CSI Omission for PUSCH-Based CSI 339 4.3.5 CSI Processing Criteria 340 4.3.6 CSI Timeline Requirement 341 4.3.7 Codebook-Based Feedback 344 4.3.7.1 Motivation for the Use of DFT Codebooks 346 4.3.7.2 DL Type I Codebook 349 4.3.7.3 DL Type II Codebook 352 4.4 Radio Link Monitoring (Claes Tidestav, Ericsson, Sweden, Dawid Koziol, Nokia Bell Labs, Poland) 356 4.4.1 Causes of Radio Link Failure 357 4.4.1.1 Physical Layer Problem 357 4.4.1.2 Random Access Failure 363 4.4.1.3 RLC Failure 364 4.4.2 Actions After RLF 365 4.4.2.1 RLF in MCG 365 4.4.2.2 RLF in SCG 368 4.4.3 Relation Between RLM/RLF and BFR 368 4.5 Radio Resource Management (RRM) and Mobility (Helka-Liina Määttänen, Ericsson, Finland, Dawid Koziol, Nokia Bell Labs, Poland, Claes Tidestav, Ericsson, Sweden) 370 4.5.1 Introduction 370 4.5.2 UE Mobility Measurements 371 4.5.2.1 NR Mobility Measurement Quantities 372 4.5.2.2 SS/PBCH Block Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) 374 4.5.2.3 SS/PBCH Block Transmission in Frequency Domain 376 4.5.3 Connected Mode Mobility 376 4.5.3.1 Overview of RRM Measurements 378 4.5.3.2 Measurement Configuration 378 4.5.3.3 Performing RRM Measurements 383 4.5.3.4 Handover Procedure 384 4.5.4 Idle and Inactive Mode Mobility 388 4.5.4.1 Introduction 388 4.5.4.2 Cell Selection and Reselection 389 4.5.4.3 Location Registration Udate 393 4.5.4.4 Division of IDLE Mode Tasks between NAS and AS Layers 396 5 Performance Characteristics of 5G New Radio 397Fred Vook 5.1 Introduction 397 5.2 Sub-6 GHz: Codebook-Based MIMO in NR 398 5.2.1 Antenna Array Configurations 398 5.2.2 System Modeling 399 5.2.3 Downlink CSI Feedback and MIMO Transmission Schemes 399 5.2.4 Traffic Models and Massive MIMO 401 5.2.5 Performance in Full Buffer Traffic 401 5.2.6 Performance in Bursty (FTP) Traffic 404 5.2.7 Performance of NR Type II CSI 411 5.3 NR MIMO Performance in mmWave Bands 413 5.4 Concluding Remarks 416 6 UE Features 419Mihai Enescu 6.1 Reference Signals 422 6.1.1 DM-RS 422 6.1.2 CSI-RS 423 6.1.3 PT-RS 424 6.1.4 SRS 424 6.1.5 TRS 425 6.1.6 Beam Management 426 6.1.7 TCI and QCL 428 6.1.8 Beam Failure Detection 428 6.1.9 RLM 429 6.1.10 CSI Framework 429 References 433 Index 437

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Book SynopsisA revised edition of the text that offers a comparative introduction to global wireless standards, technologies and their applications The revised and updated fourth edition of From GSM to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband offers an authoritative guide to the technical descriptions of the various wireless technologies currently in use. The authora noted expert on the topicexplains the rationale behind their differing mechanisms and implementations while exploring the advantages and limitations of each technology. The fourth edition reflects the significant changes in mobile network technology that have taken place since the third edition was published. The text offers a new chapter on 5G NR that explores its non-standalone and standalone architecture. In the Wi-Fi chapter, additional sections focus on the new WPA3 authentication protocol, the new 802.11ax air interface and protocol extensions like 802.11k and 11v for meshed networks. This important book: Presents the various systems based on the standards, their practical implementation and design assumptions, and their performance and capacityProvides an in-depth analysis of each system in practiceOffers an updated edition of the most current changes to mobile network technologyIncludes questions at the end of each chapter and answers on the accompanying website that make this book ideal for self-study or as course material Written for students and professionals of wireless technologies, the revised fourth edition of From GSM to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G provides an in-depth review and description of the most current mobile networks and broadband.Table of ContentsPreface to Fourth Edition xv 1 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 1 1.1 Circuit-Switched Data Transmission 2 1.1.1 Classic Circuit Switching 2 1.1.2 Virtual Circuit Switching over IP 3 1.2 Standards 4 1.3 Transmission Speeds 5 1.4 The Signaling System Number 7 6 1.4.1 The Classic SS-7 Protocol Stack 7 1.4.2 SS-7 Protocols for GSM 10 1.4.3 IP-Based SS-7 Protocol Stack 11 1.5 The GSM Subsystems 12 1.6 The Network Subsystem 12 1.6.1 The Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Server, and Gateway 13 1.6.2 The Visitor Location Register (VLR) 16 1.6.3 The Home Location Register (HLR) 17 1.6.4 The Authentication Center 21 1.6.5 The Short Messaging Service Center (SMSC) 23 1.7 The Base Station Subsystem (BSS) and Voice Processing 24 1.7.1 Frequency Bands 24 1.7.2 The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 26 1.7.3 The GSM Air Interface 28 1.7.4 The Base Station Controller (BSC) 35 1.7.5 The TRAU for Voice Encoding 39 1.7.6 Channel Coder and Interleaver in the BTS 43 1.7.7 Ciphering in the BTS and Security Aspects 45 1.7.8 Modulation 48 1.7.9 Voice Activity Detection 48 1.8 Mobility Management and Call Control 50 1.8.1 Cell Reselection and Location Area Update 50 1.8.2 The Mobile-Terminated Call 51 1.8.3 Handover Scenarios 54 1.9 The Mobile Device 56 1.10 The SIM Card 58 1.11 The Intelligent Network Subsystem and CAMEL 63 Questions 65 References 66 2 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and EDGE 69 2.1 Circuit-Switched Data Transmission over GSM 69 2.2 Packet-Switched Data Transmission over GPRS 70 2.3 The GPRS Air Interface 72 2.3.1 GPRS vs. GSM Timeslot Usage on the Air Interface 72 2.3.2 Mixed GSM/GPRS Timeslot Usage in a Base Station 74 2.3.3 Coding Schemes 75 2.3.4 Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) 76 2.3.5 Mobile Device Classes 79 2.3.6 Network Mode of Operation 80 2.3.7 GPRS Logical Channels on the Air Interface 81 2.4 The GPRS State Model 84 2.5 GPRS Network Elements 87 2.5.1 The Packet Control Unit (PCU) 87 2.5.2 The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 88 2.5.3 The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 90 2.6 GPRS Radio Resource Management 91 2.7 GPRS Interfaces 95 2.8 GPRS Mobility Management and Session Management (GMM/SM) 99 2.8.1 Mobility Management Tasks 100 2.8.2 GPRS Session Management 103 Questions 105 References 106 3 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) 107 3.1 Overview 107 3.1.1 3GPP Release 99: The First UMTS Access Network Implementation 108 3.1.2 3GPP Release 4: Enhancements for the Circuit-Switched Core Network 111 3.1.3 3GPP Release 5: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access 111 3.1.4 3GPP Release 6: High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 112 3.1.5 3GPP Release 7: Even Faster HSPA and Continued Packet Connectivity 113 3.1.6 3GPP Release 8: LTE, Further HSPA Enhancements and Femtocells 113 3.2 Important New Concepts of UMTS 114 3.2.1 The Radio Access Bearer (RAB) 114 3.2.2 The Access Stratum and Non-Access Stratum 115 3.2.3 Common Transport Protocols for CS and PS 116 3.3 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 116 3.3.1 Spreading Factor, Chip Rate, and Process Gain 119 3.3.2 The OVSF Code Tree 120 3.3.3 Scrambling in Uplink and Downlink Direction 122 3.3.4 UMTS Frequency and Cell Planning 123 3.3.5 The Near–Far Effect and Cell Breathing 124 3.3.6 Advantages of the UMTS Radio Network Compared to GSM 126 3.4 UMTS Channel Structure on the Air Interface 128 3.4.1 User Plane and Control Plane 128 3.4.2 Common and Dedicated Channels 128 3.4.3 Logical, Transport, and Physical Channels 129 3.4.4 Example: Network Search 133 3.4.5 Example: Initial Network Access Procedure 135 3.4.6 The Uu Protocol Stack 137 3.5 The UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 142 3.5.1 Node-B, Iub Interface, NBAP, and FP 142 3.5.2 The RNC, Iu, Iub and Iur Interfaces, RANAP, and RNSAP 143 3.5.3 Adaptive Multirate (AMR) NB and WB Codecs for Voice Calls 148 3.5.4 Radio Resource Control (RRC) States 150 3.6 Core Network Mobility Management 155 3.7 Radio Network Mobility Management 156 3.7.1 Mobility Management in the Cell-DCH State 156 3.7.2 Mobility Management in Idle State 165 3.7.3 Mobility Management in Other States 166 3.8 UMTS CS and PS Call Establishment 168 3.9 UMTS Security 172 3.10 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and HSPA+ 174 3.10.1 HSDPA Channels 174 3.10.2 Shorter Delay Times and Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) 176 3.10.3 Node-B Scheduling 178 3.10.4 Adaptive Modulation and Coding, Transmission Rates, and Multicarrier Operation 179 3.10.5 Establishment and Release of an HSDPA Connection 181 3.10.6 HSDPA Mobility Management 182 3.11 High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) 183 3.11.1 E-DCH Channel Structure 184 3.11.2 The E-DCH Protocol Stack and Functionality 187 3.11.3 E-DCH Scheduling 189 3.11.4 E-DCH Mobility 191 3.11.5 E-DCH-Capable Devices 192 3.12 Radio and Core Network Enhancements: CPC 193 3.12.1 A New Uplink Control Channel Slot Format 193 3.12.2 Reporting Reduction 194 3.12.3 HS-SCCH Discontinuous Reception 195 3.12.4 HS-SCCH-less Operation 195 3.12.5 Enhanced Cell-FACH and Cell/URA-PCH States 196 3.13 Radio Resource State Management 197 3.14 Automated Emergency Calls (eCall) from Vehicles 198 Questions 199 References 200 4 Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced Pro 203 4.1 Introduction and Overview 203 4.2 Network Architecture and Interfaces 206 4.2.1 LTE Mobile Devices and the LTE Uu Interface 207 4.2.2 The eNB and the S1 and X2 Interfaces 210 4.2.3 The Mobility Management Entity (MME) 213 4.2.4 The Serving Gateway (S-GW) 215 4.2.5 The PDN-Gateway 215 4.2.6 The Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 217 4.2.7 Billing, Prepaid, and Quality of Service 218 4.3 FDD Air Interface and Radio Network 219 4.3.1 OFDMA for Downlink Transmission 220 4.3.2 SC-FDMA for Uplink Transmission 222 4.3.3 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Subchannels 223 4.3.4 Symbols, Slots, Radio Blocks, and Frames 225 4.3.5 Reference and Synchronization Signals 226 4.3.6 The LTE Channel Model in the Downlink Direction 227 4.3.7 Downlink Management Channels 228 4.3.8 System Information Messages 229 4.3.9 The LTE Channel Model in the Uplink Direction 230 4.3.10 MIMO Transmission 233 4.3.11 HARQ and Other Retransmission Mechanisms 236 4.3.12 PDCP Compression and Ciphering 238 4.3.13 Protocol Layer Overview 239 4.4 TD-LTE Air Interface 240 4.5 Scheduling 242 4.5.1 Downlink Scheduling 242 4.5.2 Uplink Scheduling 246 4.6 Basic Procedures 247 4.6.1 Cell Search 247 4.6.2 Attach and Default Bearer Activation 250 4.6.3 Handover Scenarios 254 4.6.4 Default and Dedicated Bearers 259 4.7 Mobility Management and Power Optimization 260 4.7.1 Mobility Management in RRC Connected State 260 4.7.2 Mobility Management in RRC Idle State 263 4.7.3 Mobility Management and State Changes in Practice 265 4.8 LTE Security Architecture 267 4.9 Interconnection with UMTS and GSM 268 4.9.1 Cell Reselection between LTE and GSM/UMTS 268 4.9.2 RRC Connection Release with Redirect from LTE to GSM/UMTS 270 4.9.3 Handover from LTE to UMTS 271 4.9.4 Returning from UMTS and GPRS to LTE 271 4.10 Carrier Aggregation 272 4.10.1 CA Types, Bandwidth Classes, and Band Combinations 273 4.10.2 CA Configuration, Activation, and Deactivation 275 4.10.3 Uplink Carrier Aggregation 278 4.11 Network Planning Aspects 279 4.11.1 Single Frequency Network 279 4.11.2 Cell-Edge Performance 279 4.11.3 Self-Organizing Network Functionality 281 4.11.4 Cell Site Throughput and Number of Simultaneous Users 282 4.12 CS-Fallback for Voice and SMS Services with LTE 283 4.12.1 SMS over SGs 284 4.12.2 CS-Fallback for Voice Calls 285 4.13 Network Sharing – MOCN and MORAN 288 4.13.1 National Roaming 288 4.13.2 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network) 289 4.13.3 MORAN (Mobile Operator Radio Access Network) 290 4.14 From Dipoles to Active Antennas and Gigabit Backhaul 290 4.15 IPv6 in Mobile Networks 292 4.15.1 IPv6 Prefix and Interface Identifiers 293 4.15.2 IPv6 and International Roaming 295 4.15.3 IPv6 and Tethering 296 4.15.4 IPv6-Only Connectivity 297 4.16 Network Function Virtualization 298 4.16.1 Virtualization on the Desktop 299 4.16.2 Running an Operating System in a Virtual Machine 299 4.16.3 Running Several Virtual Machines Simultaneously 300 4.16.4 Virtual Machine Snapshots 300 4.16.5 Cloning a Virtual Machine 301 4.16.6 Virtualization in Data Centers in the Cloud 302 4.16.7 Managing Virtual Machines in the Cloud 303 4.16.8 Network Function Virtualization 303 4.16.9 Virtualizing Routers 305 4.16.10 Software-Defined Networking 305 4.17 Machine Type Communication and the Internet of Things 306 4.17.1 LTE Cat-1 Devices 307 4.17.2 LTE Cat-0 Devices and PSM 307 4.17.3 LTE Cat-M1 Devices 308 4.17.4 LTE NB1 (NB-IoT) Devices 308 4.17.5 NB-IoT – Deployment Options 309 4.17.6 NB-IoT – Air Interface 309 4.17.7 NB-IoT – Control Channels and Scheduling 310 4.17.8 NB-IoT Multicarrier Operation 311 4.17.9 NB-IoT Throughput and Number of Devices per Cell 312 4.17.10 NB-IoT Power Consumption Considerations 312 4.17.11 NB-IoT – High Latency Communication 313 4.17.12 NB-IoT – Optimizing IP-Based and Non-IP-Based Data Transmission 314 4.17.13 NB-IoT Summary 316 Questions 316 References 317 5 VoLTE, VoWifi, and Mission Critical Communication 321 5.1 Overview 321 5.2 The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 322 5.3 The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and VoLTE 326 5.3.1 Architecture Overview 326 5.3.2 Registration 328 5.3.3 VoLTE Call Establishment 330 5.3.4 LTE Bearer Configurations for VoLTE 332 5.3.5 Dedicated Bearer Setup with Preconditions 334 5.3.6 Header Compression and DRX 336 5.3.7 Speech Codec and Bandwidth Negotiation 337 5.3.8 Alerting Tone, Ringback Tone, and Early Media 340 5.3.9 Port Usage 340 5.3.10 Message Filtering and Asserted Identities 341 5.3.11 DTMF Tones 342 5.3.12 SMS over IMS 343 5.3.13 Call Forwarding Settings and XCAP 344 5.3.14 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity 346 5.3.15 Radio Domain Selection, T-ADS, and VoLTE Interworking with GSM and UMTS 349 5.3.16 VoLTE Emergency Calls 350 5.4 VoLTE Roaming 352 5.4.1 Option 1: VoLTE Local Breakout 353 5.4.2 Option 2: VoLTE S8-Home Routing 354 5.5 Voice over WiFi (VoWifi) 356 5.5.1 VoWifi Network Architecture 356 5.5.2 VoWifi Handover 359 5.5.3 Wi-Fi-Preferred vs. Cellular-Preferred 360 5.5.4 SMS, MMS, and Supplementary Services over Wi-Fi 360 5.5.5 VoWifi Roaming 361 5.6 VoLTE Compared to Fixed-Line IMS in Practice 362 5.7 Mission Critical Communication (MCC) 363 5.7.1 Overview 363 5.7.2 Advantages of LTE for Mission Critical Communication 364 5.7.3 Challenges of Mission Critical Communication for LTE 365 5.7.4 Network Operation Models 367 5.7.5 Mission Critical Push To Talk (MCPTT) – Overview 368 5.7.6 MCPTT Group Call Establishment 370 5.7.7 MCPTT Floor Control 371 5.7.8 MCPTT Group Call Types 372 5.7.9 MCPTT Configuration and Provisioning 372 5.7.10 eMBMS for MCPTT 373 5.7.11 Priority and Quality of Service 376 Questions 376 References 377 6 5G New Radio (NR) and the 5G Core 379 6.1 Introduction and Overview 379 6.1.1 Reasons for Initially Launching 5G as a Hybrid Solution 380 6.1.2 Frequency Range 1 and 2 381 6.1.3 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in Low- and Mid-Bands 381 6.1.4 Network Deployments and Organization of this Chapter 382 6.2 5G NR Non-Standalone (NSA) Architecture 382 6.2.1 Network Architecture and Interfaces 382 6.2.2 3GPP 5G Deployment Options 1–7 and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing 385 6.2.3 Options 3, 3A, and Option 3X 387 6.2.4 Fronthaul Interface 388 6.3 5G TDD Air Interface 388 6.3.1 Flexible OFDMA for Downlink Transmission 390 6.3.2 The 5G Resource Grid: Symbols, Slots, Resource Blocks, and Frames 392 6.3.3 Synchronization and Reference Signals 393 6.3.4 Massive-MIMO for Beamforming and Multi-User Data Transfer 395 6.3.5 TDD Slot Formats 398 6.3.6 Downlink Control Channels 400 6.3.7 Uplink Channels 401 6.3.8 Bandwidth Parts 401 6.3.9 The Downlink Control Channel and Scheduling 403 6.3.10 Downlink Data Throughput in Theory and Practice 405 6.3.11 Uplink Data Throughput 407 6.3.12 TDD Air Interface for mmWave Bands (FR2) 407 6.4 5G FDD Air Interface 409 6.4.1 Refarming and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing 410 6.5 EN-DC Bearers and Scheduling 415 6.5.1 Split Bearers, Flow Control 416 6.5.2 Two UE Transmitter Requirement for EN-DC 417 6.6 Basic Procedures and Mobility Management in Non-Standalone Mode 418 6.6.1 Establishment of an LTE-Only Bearer as 5G Anchor 419 6.6.2 5G NR Cell Addition in Non-Standalone Mode 422 6.6.3 When to Show a 5G Indicator 426 6.6.4 Handover Scenarios 427 6.6.5 EN-DC Signaling Radio Bearers 430 6.6.6 5G Non-Standalone and VoLTE 430 6.7 Network Planning and Deployment Aspects 431 6.7.1 The Range of Band n78 431 6.7.2 Backhaul Considerations 432 6.8 5G NR Standalone (SA) Architecture and Basic Procedures 432 6.8.1 5G Core Network Functions 432 6.8.2 Network Interfaces 434 6.8.3 Subscriber and Device Identifiers 435 6.8.4 5G Core Network Procedures Overview 435 6.8.5 Connection Management 436 6.8.6 Registration Management Procedure 436 6.8.7 Session Management 437 6.8.8 Mobility Management 442 6.8.9 New Security Features 444 6.8.10 The 5G Core and Different RAN Deployments 446 6.8.11 5G and 4G Core Network Interworking 446 6.8.12 The 5G Core Network and SMS 451 6.8.13 Cloud Native 5G Core 451 6.9 The 5G Air Interface in Standalone Operation 454 6.9.1 RRC Inactive State 454 6.9.2 System Information Messages 455 6.9.3 Measurement Configuration, Events, and Handovers 456 6.10 Future 5G Functionalities 457 6.10.1 Voice Service in 5G 457 6.10.2 Ethernet and Unstructured PDU Session Types 459 6.10.3 Network Slicing 459 Questions 461 References 461 7 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 465 7.1 Wireless LAN Overview 465 7.2 Transmission Speeds and Standards 465 7.3 WLAN Configurations: From Ad Hoc to Wireless Bridging 468 7.3.1 Ad Hoc, BSS, ESS, and Wireless Bridging 469 7.3.2 SSID and Frequency Selection 472 7.4 Management Operations 474 7.5 The MAC Layer 479 7.5.1 Air Interface Access Control 479 7.5.2 The MAC Header 482 7.6 The Physical Layer and MAC Extensions 483 7.6.1 IEEE 802.11b – 11 Mbit/s 484 7.6.2 IEEE 802.11g with up to 54 Mbit/s 486 7.6.3 IEEE 802.11a with up to 54 Mbit/s 488 7.6.4 IEEE 802.11n with up to 600 Mbits/s 489 7.6.5 IEEE 802.11ac – Wi-Fi 5 – Gigabit Wireless 497 7.6.6 IEEE 802.11ax – Wi-Fi 6 – High Efficiency Extensions 502 7.6.7 IEEE 802.11ad – Gigabit Wireless at 60 GHz 506 7.7 Wireless LAN Security 510 7.7.1 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) and Early Security Measures 510 7.7.2 WPA and WPA2 Personal Mode Authentication 510 7.7.3 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-TLS 512 7.7.4 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-TTLS 513 7.7.5 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-PEAP 515 7.7.6 WPA and WPA2 Enterprise Mode Authentication – EAP-SIM 516 7.7.7 WPA and WPA2 Encryption 518 7.7.8 Wi-Fi-Protected Setup (WPS) 519 7.7.9 WPA3 Personal Mode Authentication 520 7.7.10 Protected Management Frames 522 7.8 IEEE 802.11e and WMM – Quality of Service 523 Questions 530 References 531 8 Bluetooth and Bluetooth Low Energy 533 8.1 Overview and Applications 533 8.2 Physical Properties 534 8.3 Piconets and the Master/Slave Concept 538 8.4 The Bluetooth Protocol Stack 540 8.4.1 The Baseband Layer 540 8.4.2 The Link Controller 546 8.4.3 The Link Manager 549 8.4.4 The HCI Interface 549 8.4.5 The L2CAP Layer 552 8.4.6 The Service Discovery Protocol 554 8.4.7 The RFCOMM Layer 556 8.4.8 Overview of Bluetooth Connection Establishment 557 8.5 Bluetooth Security 558 8.5.1 Pairing up to Bluetooth 2.0 559 8.5.2 Pairing with Bluetooth 2.1 and Above (Secure Simple Pairing) 560 8.5.3 Authentication 562 8.5.4 Encryption 563 8.5.5 Authorization 563 8.5.6 Security Modes 564 8.6 Bluetooth Profiles 565 8.6.1 Basic Profiles: GAP, SDP, and the Serial Profile 567 8.6.2 Object Exchange Profiles: FTP, Object Push, and Synchronize 568 8.6.3 Headset, Hands-Free, and SIM Access Profile 570 8.6.4 High-Quality Audio Streaming 574 8.6.5 The Human Interface Device (HID) Profile 577 8.7 Bluetooth Low Energy 577 8.7.1 Introduction 577 8.7.2 The Lower BLE Layers 579 8.7.3 BLE SMP, GAP, and Connection Establishment 581 8.7.4 BLE Authentication, Security, and Privacy 582 8.7.5 BLE ATT and GATT 583 8.7.6 Practical Example 585 8.7.7 BLE Beacons 587 8.7.8 BLE and IPv6 Internet Connectivity 588 Questions 589 References 590 Index 593

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Book SynopsisPROJECT MANAGEMENT NEXT GENERATION Strategic guidance on enabling transformational change in the project management landscape In Project Management Next Generation: The Pillars for Organizational Excellence, a team of world-renowned project management leaders delivers an expert discussion on project management implementation in organizations of all kinds. The book explores 10 pillars of project management that will be critical for companies in the coming decade. It offers contributions from industry changemakers and thought leaders that provide the perfect balance between practical experience across a variety of programs, projects, and transformation initiatives. It's a must-have title for practicing project managers who seek hands-on guidance and insightful case studies complete with discussion questions and instruction materials, including PowerPoint lecture slides and a full Instructors Manual on the companion website. In addition to the perspectives of several global commercial oTable of ContentsPreface xi 1 Pillar #1: Strategic Delivery Capability 1 1.0 Setting the Stage 1 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Line-of-Sight 8 1.3 Sustainable Competitive Advantage 8 1.4 High-Performance Teams 9 1.5 High-Performance Organizations 9 1.6 Strategic Competency 11 1.7 Background to Barriers 12 1.8 Excellence in Action: Medtronic 24 1.9 Strategically Improving 26 1.10 Innovation in Action: Repsol 27 1.11 Strategic Agility 34 1.12 Excellence in Action: Merck Kgaa 35 1.13 Excellence in Action: Cisco 38 1.14 Excellence in Action: Servicenow 47 1.15 Excellence in Action: Farm Credit Mid-America 49 1.16 Excellence in Action: Project Management United 64 1.17 Letter to Future Project Manager 71 References 73 2 Pillar 2: Applying Project Management in Humanitarian and Social Initiatives 77 2.0 What Makes Humanitarian Projects Different? 77 2.1 The Impact of Project Management Practices in Humanitarian Projects 77 2.2 Excellence IN Action: Ambev: A Humanitarian Approach to Addressing Challenges During the Covid-19 Pandemia 78 2.3 Excellence in Action: Albert Einstein Hospital: Application of Project Management to Address the Covid-19 Health Crisis and Lessons Learned 89 2.4 Excellence in Action: United Nations: Program Management for Humanitarian and Development Projects 103 2.5 16/6 Project in Haiti 118 2.6 Conclusions 122 References 123 3 Pillar #3: Project Management Is Creating Innovative Cultures 125 3.0 Background 125 3.1 Introducing the Innovative Culture Model 125 3.2 Balanced Alignment and Autonomy 127 3.3 Excellence in Action: Sunrise UPC 127 3.4 Innovation Competencies 130 3.5 Excellence in Action: Bosch 130 3.6 Blocking Off Time to Think 147 3.7 Excellence in Action: 3M 148 3.8 Refreshed Executive Role 149 3.9 Excellence in Action: General Motors 150 3.10 The Innovation Culture 152 3.11 Excellence in Action: Apple 152 3.12 Projects as Innovation Labs 154 3.13 Excellence in Action: Samsung 154 3.14 New Ways of Working 155 3.15 Excellence in Action: Siemens 156 3.16 Readying and Sustaining Tomorrow’s Excellence Cultures 159 3.17 A Future (Working) Day in the Life of the Program Manager 160 3.18 Excellence in Action: Solvo360 163 3.19 Excellence in Action: Texas Instruments 169 4 Pillar #4: Digitalization Is Central to Delivering Projects’ Promises 173 4.0. Background 173 4.1 Excellence in Action: ASGC 174 4.2 Digitalization and Projects Framework 180 4.3 Experimenting Capacity 182 4.4 Excellence in Action: ServiceNow 182 4.5 Context-Driven Planning 185 4.6 Excellence in Action: Progressive Insurance 186 4.7 Co-Creation 190 4.8 Growth in Information Warehouses 190 4.9 Knowledge Repositories 191 4.10 The Need for Business Intelligence Systems 194 4.11 Big Data 194 4.12 Top Seven Things to Consider When Choosing a BI Tool 196 4.13 Stop Treating Business Intelligence Projects as IT Projects 198 4.14 Dashboards vs. Reports: Which One Should You Go With? 200 4.15 Mapping Dashboards to Objectives 202 4.16 Virtual Teams Engagement 203 4.17 Excellence in Action: IBM 204 4.18 Outcomes-Focused Work 218 4.19 Excellence in Action: Dubai Customs 219 4.20 Ever-Changing Ways of Working 221 4.21 Excellence in Action: Wuttke & Team 221 4.22 Digitalization and Projects Path Forward 226 5 Pillar 5: Evolving Project Delivery Skills 227 5.0 The Changing Landscape 227 5.1 Problem Solving and Decision-Making 228 5.2 Brainstorming 251 5.3 Design Thinking 257 5.4 Excellence in Action: Disney 260 References 268 6 Pillar 6: New Forms of Project Leadership 271 6.0 Introduction 271 6.1 Issues with Leadership Studies 271 6.2 Selecting the Leader 272 6.3 Introduction to Leadership Styles 272 6.4 Project Management Challenges 275 6.5 Leadership and Cultures 276 6.6 Excellence in Action: Project Leadership for the Smart Mission 277 6.7 Leadership and Stakeholder Relations Management 279 6.8 The Changing Leadership Landscape 290 6.9 Servant Leadership 292 6.10 Social Project Management Leadership 294 6.11 The Growth in Importance of Crisis Leadership 295 6.12 The Growth in Competency Models 301 6.13 Project Management Core Competency Models 303 6.14 Excellence in Action: Eli Lilly 304 6.15 Conclusions 313 References 313 7 Pillar 7: Organizational Cultural Shift to the Project Way of Working 315 7.0 Introduction 315 7.1 The Need for Cultural Shift 315 7.2 Excellence in Action: GEA Project Management in GEA Process Engineering: Our Vision for the Future 318 7.3 Excellence in Action: Norte Energia Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant 324 7.4 Conclusions 349 References 349 8 Pillar 8: Adaptive Frameworks and Life Cycles 351 8.0 Background 351 8.1 The Risks of Using a Singular Methodology 352 8.2 Project Management Landscape Changes 353 8.3 The Need for Multiple Flexible Methodologies 353 8.4 Selecting the Right Framework 356 8.5 Be Careful What You Wish For 357 8.6 Strategic Selection Implications 358 8.7 Excellence in Action: ServiceNow 359 8.8 Excellence in Action: The International Institute for Learning 361 8.9 The Fuzzy Front End 367 8.10 Line-of-Sight 370 8.11 Establishing Gates 370 8.12 The Future Fuzzy Front Gates 371 8.13 Excellence in Action: IdeaScale 372 8.14 Project Selection Criteria 375 8.15 Excellence in Action: AstraZeneca 377 8.16 Excellence in Action: Airbus 391 8.17 Partnership Fuzzy Front Ends 393 8.18 Excellence in Action: Facebook 394 8.19 Life-Cycle Phases 395 8.20 Project Closure 399 8.21 Excellence in Action: Motorola 400 8.22 New Causes of Complete or Partial Failure 401 8.23 Conclusion 401 References 402 9 Pillar 9: Evolving Nature of PMOs and Governance 403 9.0 Introduction 403 9.1 How Governance Can Be Applied in an Agile and Volatile World 403 9.2 Excellence in Action: SITA – Airport Systems Integration Projects Cry for Flexible Governance 404 9.3 Excellence in Action: ServiceNow – From Project Management to Strategy Realization 406 9.4 Excellence in Action: PMO Global Alliance – PMOs in Transformation 410 9.5 Excellence in Action: Determining the Mathematical ROI of a PMO Implementation 423 9.6 Conclusions 436 References 436 10 Pillar #10: Significant Growth in Value-Driven and Business-Related Metrics 439 10.0 The Growth of Project Metrics 439 10.1 The Growth of Metric Measurement Techniques 440 10.2 Selecting the Right Metrics 442 10.3 Benefits Realization and Value Management 443 10.4 Measuring Benefits and Value 447 10.5 Excellence in Action: Philips Business Group Hospital Patient Monitoring 449 10.6 Metrics for Measuring Intangibles 466 10.7 The Need for Strategic Metrics 468 10.8 Project Health Checks 471 10.9 Action Items 475 10.10 Failure of Traditional Metrics and KPIs 476 10.11 Establishing a Metrics Management Program 477 10.12 Conclusion 478 About the Authors 479 Index 481

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Book SynopsisPresents an Cyber-Assurance approach to the Internet of Things (IoT) This book discusses the cyber-assurance needs of the IoT environment, highlighting key information assurance (IA) IoT issues and identifying the associated security implications. Through contributions from cyber-assurance, IA, information security and IoT industry practitioners and experts, the text covers fundamental and advanced concepts necessary to grasp current IA issues, challenges, and solutions for the IoT. The future trends in IoT infrastructures, architectures and applications are also examined. Other topics discussed include the IA protection of IoT systems and information being stored, processed or transmitted from unauthorized access or modification of machine-2-machine (M2M) devices, radio-frequency identification (RFID) networks, wireless sensor networks, smart grids, and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. The book also discusses IA measures necessary to detect, pTable of ContentsList of Figures xiii List of Tables xvii Foreword xix Preface xxix Acknowledgments xxxiii Contributors xxxv Acronyms xli Introduction xlvii Part I Embedded Design Security 1 1 Certified Security by Design for the Internet of Things 3 Shiu-Kai Chin 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Lessons from the Microelectronics Revolution 3 1.3 Certified Security by Design 5 1.4 Chapter Outline 9 1.5 An Access-Control Logic 9 1.6 An Introduction to HOL 17 1.7 The Access-Control Logic in HOL 25 1.8 Cryptographic Components and Their Models in Higher-Order Logic 30 1.9 Cryptographic Hash Functions 33 1.10 Asymmetric-Key Cryptography 33 1.11 Digital Signatures 36 1.12 Adding Security to State Machines 38 1.13 A Networked Thermostat Certified Secure by Design 49 1.14 Thermostat Use Cases 52 1.15 Security Contexts for the Server and Thermostat 56 1.16 Top-Level Thermostat Secure-State Machine 58 1.17 Refined Thermostat Secure-State Machine 67 1.18 Equivalence of Top-Level and Refined Secure-State Machines 81 1.19 Conclusions 84 Appendix 86 References 99 2 Cyber-assurance Through Embedded Security for The Internet of Things 101 Tyson T. Brooks and Joon Park 2.1 Introduction 101 2.2 Cyber-Security and Cyber-Assurance 106 2.3 Recognition, Fortification, Re-Establishment, Survivability 108 2.4 Conclusion 120 References 122 3 A Secure Update Mechanism for Internet of Things Devices 129 Martin Goldberg 3.1 Introduction 129 3.2 Importance of IOT Security 130 3.3 Applying the Defense In-Depth Strategy for Updating 131 3.4 A Standards Approach 132 3.5 Conclusion 134 References 135 Part II Trust Impact 137 4 Security and Trust Management for the Internet of Things: An Rfid and Sensor Network Perspective 139 M. Bala Krishna 4.1 Introduction 139 4.2 Security and Trust in the Internet of Things 142 4.3 Radio Frequency Identification: Evolution and Approaches 147 4.4 Security and Trust in Wireless Sensor Networks 151 4.5 Applications of Internet of Things and RFID in Real-Time Environment 156 4.6 Future Research Directions and Conclusion 158 References 159 5 THE IMPACT OF IoT DEVICES ON NETWORK TRUST Boundaries 163 Nicole Newmeyer 5.1 Introduction 163 5.2 Trust Boundaries 164 5.3 Risk Decisions and Conclusion 173 References 174 Part III Wearable Automation Provenance 175 6 WEARABLE IoT COMPUTING: INTERFACE, EMOTIONS, Wearer’s Culture, and Security/privacy Concerns 177 Robert McCloud, Martha Lerski, Joon Park, and Tyson T. Brooks 6.1 Introduction 177 6.2 Data Accuracy in Wearable Computing 178 6.3 Interface and Culture 178 6.4 Emotion and Privacy 179 6.5 Privacy Protection Policies for Wearable Devices 181 6.6 Privacy/Security Concerns About Wearable Devices 182 6.7 Expectations About Future Wearable Devices 183 References 184 7 ON VULNERABILITIES OF IoT-BASED Consumer-oriented Closed-loop Control Automation Systems 187 Martin Murillo 7.1 Introduction 187 7.2 Industrial Control Systems and Home Automation Control 189 7.3 Vulnerability Identification 193 7.4 Modeling and Simulation of Basic Attacks to Control Loops and Service Providers 198 7.5 Illustrating Various Attacks Through a Basic Home Heating System Model 200 7.6 A Glimpse of Possible Economic Consequences of Addressed Attacks 203 7.7 Discussion and Conclusion 205 References 206 8 Big Data Complex Event Processing for Internet Of Things Provenance: Benefits for Audit, Forensics, and Safety 209 Mark Underwood 8.1 Overview of Complex Event Processing 209 8.2 The Need: IoT Security Challenges in Audit, Forensics, and Safety 211 8.3 Challenges to CEP Adoption in IoT Settings 213 8.4 CEP and IoT Security Visualization 215 8.5 Summary 217 8.6 Conclusion 219 References 220 Part IV Cloud Artificial Intelligence Cyber-physical Systems 225 9 a Steady-state Framework for Assessing Security Mechanisms in a Cloud-of-things Architecture 227 Tyson T. Brooks and Lee McKnight Variable Nomenclature 227 9.1 Introduction 228 9.2 Background 229 9.3 Establishing a Framework for CoT Analysis 232 9.4 The CoT Steady-State Framework 238 9.5 Conclusion 244 References 245 10 An Artificial Intelligence Perspective on Ensuring Cyber-assurance for the Internet Of Things 249 Utku Köse 10.1 Introduction 249 10.2 AI-Related Cyber-Assurance Research for the IoT 250 10.3 Multidisciplinary Intelligence Enabling Opportunities with Ai 252 10.4 Future Research on AI-Based Cyber-Assurance for IoT 254 10.5 Conclusion 255 References 255 11 Perceived Threat Modeling for Cyber-physical Systems 257 Christopher Leberknight 11.1 Introduction 257 11.2 Overview of Physical Security 259 11.3 Relevance to Grounded Theory 261 11.4 Theoretical Model Construction 262 11.5 Experiment 263 11.6 Results 267 11.7 Discussion 275 11.8 Future Research 276 11.9 Conclusion 278 References 279 Appendices A List of Ieee Internet of Things Standards 283 B Glossary 319 C Csbd Thermostat Report 333 D Csbd Access-control Logic Report 415 Bibliography 433 Index 457

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Book SynopsisPresents wideband RF technologies and antennas in the microwave band and millimeter-wave band This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the technologies, design, and test procedures of RF components and systems at microwave frequencies. The book begins with a review of the elementary electromagnetics and antenna topics needed for students and engineers with no basic background in electromagnetic and antenna theory. These introductory chapters will allow readers to study and understand the basic design principles and features of RF and communication systems for communications and medical applications. After this introduction, the author examines MIC, MMIC, MEMS, and LTCC technologies. The text will also present information on meta-materials, design of microwave and mm wave systems, along with a look at microwave and mm wave receivers, transmitters and antennas. Discusses printed antennas for wireless communication systems and wearable antennas for coTable of ContentsAcknowledgments xiii Author Biography xv Preface xxv 1 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Applications 1 1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 1 1.2 Free-Space Propagation 4 1.3 Friis Transmission Formula 6 1.4 Link Budget Examples 8 1.5 Noise 9 1.6 Communication System Link Budget 11 1.7 Path Loss 13 1.8 Receiver Sensitivity 13 1.9 Receivers: Definitions and Features 14 1.10 Types of Radars 16 1.11 Transmitters: Definitions and Features 16 References 18 2 Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines for RF Designers 19 2.1 Definitions 19 2.2 Electromagnetic Waves 20 2.3 Transmission Lines 25 2.4 Matching Techniques 29 2.5 Coaxial Transmission Line 34 2.6 Microstrip Line 36 2.7 Materials 39 2.8 Waveguides 43 2.9 Circular Waveguide 48 References 54 3 Basic Antennas for Communication Systems 57 3.1 Introduction to Antennas 57 3.2 Antenna Parameters 58 3.3 Dipole Antenna 60 3.4 Basic Aperture Antennas 66 3.5 Horn Antennas 69 3.6 Antenna Arrays for Communication Systems 80 References 88 4 MIC and MMIC Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies 91 4.1 Introduction 91 4.2 Microwave Integrated Circuits Modules 92 4.3 Development and Fabrication of a Compact Integrated RF Head for Inmarsat-M Ground Terminal 92 4.4 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits 100 4.5 Conclusions 111 References 111 5 Printed Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems 113 5.1 Printed Antennas 113 5.2 Two Layers Stacked Microstrip Antennas 119 5.3 Stacked Monopulse Ku Band Patch Antenna 122 5.4 Loop Antennas 123 5.5 Wired Loop Antenna 132 5.6 Radiation Pattern of a Loop Antenna Near a Metal Sheet 133 5.7 Planar Inverted-F Antenna 136 References 140 6 MIC and MMIC Millimeter-Wave Receiving Channel Modules 141 6.1 18–40 GHz Compact RF Modules 141 6.2 18–40 GHz Front End 141 6.3 18–40 GHz Integrated Compact Switched Filter Bank Module 154 6.4 FSU Performance 163 6.5 FSU Design and Analysis 171 6.6 FSU Fabrication 181 6.7 Conclusions 184 References 185 7 Integrated Outdoor Unit for Millimeter-Wave Satellite Communication Applications 187 7.1 The ODU Description 187 7.2 The Low Noise Unit: LNB 191 7.3 SSPA Output Power Requirements 191 7.4 Isolation Between Receiving and Transmitting Channels 192 7.5 SSPA 192 7.6 The ODU Mechanical Package 194 7.7 Low Noise and Low-cost K-band Compact Receiving Channel for VSAT Satellite Communication Ground Terminal 195 7.8 Ka-band Integrated High Power Amplifiers SSPA for VSAT Satellite Communication Ground Terminal 200 7.9 Conclusions 205 References 206 8 MIC and MMIC Integrated RF Heads 209 8.1 Integrated Ku-band Automatic Tracking System 209 8.2 Super Compact X-band Monopulse Transceiver 233 References 243 9 MIC and MMIC Components and Modules Design 245 9.1 Introduction 245 9.2 Passive Elements 245 9.3 Power Dividers and Combiners 249 9.4 RF Amplifiers 256 9.5 Linearity of RF Amplifiers and Active Devices 262 9.6 Wideband Phased Array Direction Finding System 270 9.7 Conclusions 277 References 279 10 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology 281 10.1 Introduction 281 10.2 MEMS Technology 281 10.3 W-band MEMS Detection Array 285 10.4 Array Fabrication and Measurement 291 10.5 Mutual Coupling Effects Between Pixels 293 10.6 MEMS Bow-tie Dipole with Bolometer 294 10.7 220 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna 294 10.8 Conclusions 294 References 297 11 Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) Technology 299 11.1 Introduction 299 11.2 LTCC and HTCC Technology Features 300 11.3 LTCC and HTCC Technology Process 301 11.4 Design of High-pass LTCC Filters 301 11.5 Comparison of Single-layer and Multilayer Microstrip Circuits 305 11.6 LTCC Multilayer Technology Design Considerations 308 11.7 Capacitor and Inductor Quality (Q) Factor 310 11.8 Summary of LTCC Process Advantages and Limitations 312 11.9 Conclusions 312 References 313 12 Advanced Antenna Technologies for Communication System 315 12.1 New Wideband Wearable Metamaterial Antennas for Communication Applications 315 12.2 Stacked Patch Antenna Loaded with SRR 325 12.3 Patch Antenna Loaded with Split Ring Resonators 327 12.4 Metamaterial Antenna Characteristics in Vicinity to the Human Body 329 12.5 Metamaterial Wearable Antennas 333 12.6 Wideband Stacked Patch with SRR 336 12.7 Fractal Printed Antennas 338 12.8 Antiradar Fractals and/or Multilevel Chaff Dispersers 341 12.9 Definition of Multilevel Fractal Structure 342 12.10 Advanced Antenna System 344 12.11 Applications of Fractal Printed Antennas 348 12.12 Conclusions 364 References 367 13 Wearable Communication and Medical Systems 369 13.1 Wearable Antennas for Communication and Medical Applications 369 13.2 Dually Polarized Wearable 434 MHz Printed Antenna 370 13.3 Loop Antenna with Ground Plane 374 13.4 Antenna S 11 Variation as Function of Distance from Body 377 13.5 Wearable Antennas 381 13.6 Compact Dual-Polarized Printed Antenna 385 13.7 Compact Wearable RFID Antennas 385 13.8 434 MHz Receiving Channel for Communication and Medical Systems 394 13.9 Conclusions 395 References 398 14 RF Measurements 401 14.1 Introduction 401 14.2 Multiport Networks with N-ports 402 14.3 Scattering Matrix 403 14.4 S-Parameters Measurements 404 14.5 Transmission Measurements 407 14.6 Output Power and Linearity Measurements 409 14.7 Power Input Protection Measurement 409 14.8 Nonharmonic Spurious Measurements 410 14.9 Switching Time Measurements 410 14.10 IP 2 Measurements 410 14.11 IP 3 Measurements 412 14.12 Noise Figure Measurements 414 14.13 Antenna Measurements 414 14.14 Antenna Range Setup 419 References 420 Index 421

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Book SynopsisShoot, edit, and share action-packed video with a GoPro The world moves fastso if you want to capture it in real time, only a fast-moving camera will do. Enter the GoPro! This small but powerful camera is easy to hold, wear, or mount to capture video of all your high-speed adventures. Unfortunately, to the uninitiated, it can be a bit intimidatingbut fear not! With the help of this revised edition of GoPro Cameras For Dummies, you''ll acquire the skills needed to shoot high-quality video or photos, edit raw footage into a final masterpiece, and share your GoPro works of art with the world. Compared with traditional digital video devices, the GoPro is a superhero. Okay, so it can''t scale high rises, but it can go virtually anywhere and produce thrilling new perspectives of an epic slalom down the slopes or awesomely scenic hikeand everything in between. When still photos simply won''t do the trick, GoPro Cameras For Dummies shows you step by step how tTable of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part 1: Getting Started with Your GoPro Camera 5 Chapter 1: Getting to Know GoPro 7 Chapter 2: Accessorize Me 33 Part 2: Moviemaking Technique 53 Chapter 3: Getting through GoPro Boot Camp 55 Chapter 4: Understanding Effective Camera Techniques 75 Chapter 5: Framing the Shot 91 Chapter 6: Shooting Fun Stuff with Your GoPro 111 Chapter 7: Mastering the Light 133 Chapter 8: Of Sound Movie and Body 155 Part 3: Movies Are Made in Postproduction 169 Chapter 9: Equipping Your Edit Station 171 Chapter 10: Getting to Know GoPro Studio Edit 185 Chapter 11: Editing with GoPro Studio Edit 205 Chapter 12: Presenting Your Movie 225 Part 4: The Part of Tens 243 Chapter 13: Ten Fun Ways to Use Your GoPro 245 Chapter 14: Ten Professional Uses for GoPro Cameras 257 Chapter 15: Ten Pitfalls to Avoid 267 Chapter 16: Ten Ways to Improve Your Moviemaking Skills 277 Index 287

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