Discusses printed antennas for wireless communication systems and wearable antennas for co
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xiii
Author Biography xv
Preface xxv
1 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Applications 1
1.1 Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
1.2 Free-Space Propagation 4
1.3 Friis Transmission Formula 6
1.4 Link Budget Examples 8
1.5 Noise 9
1.6 Communication System Link Budget 11
1.7 Path Loss 13
1.8 Receiver Sensitivity 13
1.9 Receivers: Definitions and Features 14
1.10 Types of Radars 16
1.11 Transmitters: Definitions and Features 16
References 18
2 Electromagnetic Theory and Transmission Lines for RF Designers 19
2.1 Definitions 19
2.2 Electromagnetic Waves 20
2.3 Transmission Lines 25
2.4 Matching Techniques 29
2.5 Coaxial Transmission Line 34
2.6 Microstrip Line 36
2.7 Materials 39
2.8 Waveguides 43
2.9 Circular Waveguide 48
References 54
3 Basic Antennas for Communication Systems 57
3.1 Introduction to Antennas 57
3.2 Antenna Parameters 58
3.3 Dipole Antenna 60
3.4 Basic Aperture Antennas 66
3.5 Horn Antennas 69
3.6 Antenna Arrays for Communication Systems 80
References 88
4 MIC and MMIC Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technologies 91
4.1 Introduction 91
4.2 Microwave Integrated Circuits Modules 92
4.3 Development and Fabrication of a Compact Integrated RF Head for Inmarsat-M Ground Terminal 92
4.4 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits 100
4.5 Conclusions 111
References 111
5 Printed Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems 113
5.1 Printed Antennas 113
5.2 Two Layers Stacked Microstrip Antennas 119
5.3 Stacked Monopulse Ku Band Patch Antenna 122
5.4 Loop Antennas 123
5.5 Wired Loop Antenna 132
5.6 Radiation Pattern of a Loop Antenna Near a Metal Sheet 133
5.7 Planar Inverted-F Antenna 136
References 140
6 MIC and MMIC Millimeter-Wave Receiving Channel Modules 141
6.1 18–40 GHz Compact RF Modules 141
6.2 18–40 GHz Front End 141
6.3 18–40 GHz Integrated Compact Switched Filter Bank Module 154
6.4 FSU Performance 163
6.5 FSU Design and Analysis 171
6.6 FSU Fabrication 181
6.7 Conclusions 184
References 185
7 Integrated Outdoor Unit for Millimeter-Wave Satellite Communication Applications 187
7.1 The ODU Description 187
7.2 The Low Noise Unit: LNB 191
7.3 SSPA Output Power Requirements 191
7.4 Isolation Between Receiving and Transmitting Channels 192
7.5 SSPA 192
7.6 The ODU Mechanical Package 194
7.7 Low Noise and Low-cost K-band Compact Receiving Channel for VSAT Satellite Communication Ground Terminal 195
7.8 Ka-band Integrated High Power Amplifiers SSPA for VSAT Satellite Communication Ground Terminal 200
7.9 Conclusions 205
References 206
8 MIC and MMIC Integrated RF Heads 209
8.1 Integrated Ku-band Automatic Tracking System 209
8.2 Super Compact X-band Monopulse Transceiver 233
References 243
9 MIC and MMIC Components and Modules Design 245
9.1 Introduction 245
9.2 Passive Elements 245
9.3 Power Dividers and Combiners 249
9.4 RF Amplifiers 256
9.5 Linearity of RF Amplifiers and Active Devices 262
9.6 Wideband Phased Array Direction Finding System 270
9.7 Conclusions 277
References 279
10 Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Technology 281
10.1 Introduction 281
10.2 MEMS Technology 281
10.3 W-band MEMS Detection Array 285
10.4 Array Fabrication and Measurement 291
10.5 Mutual Coupling Effects Between Pixels 293
10.6 MEMS Bow-tie Dipole with Bolometer 294
10.7 220 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna 294
10.8 Conclusions 294
References 297
11 Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) Technology 299
11.1 Introduction 299
11.2 LTCC and HTCC Technology Features 300
11.3 LTCC and HTCC Technology Process 301
11.4 Design of High-pass LTCC Filters 301
11.5 Comparison of Single-layer and Multilayer Microstrip Circuits 305
11.6 LTCC Multilayer Technology Design Considerations 308
11.7 Capacitor and Inductor Quality (Q) Factor 310
11.8 Summary of LTCC Process Advantages and Limitations 312
11.9 Conclusions 312
References 313
12 Advanced Antenna Technologies for Communication System 315
12.1 New Wideband Wearable Metamaterial Antennas for Communication Applications 315
12.2 Stacked Patch Antenna Loaded with SRR 325
12.3 Patch Antenna Loaded with Split Ring Resonators 327
12.4 Metamaterial Antenna Characteristics in Vicinity to the Human Body 329
12.5 Metamaterial Wearable Antennas 333
12.6 Wideband Stacked Patch with SRR 336
12.7 Fractal Printed Antennas 338
12.8 Antiradar Fractals and/or Multilevel Chaff Dispersers 341
12.9 Definition of Multilevel Fractal Structure 342
12.10 Advanced Antenna System 344
12.11 Applications of Fractal Printed Antennas 348
12.12 Conclusions 364
References 367
13 Wearable Communication and Medical Systems 369
13.1 Wearable Antennas for Communication and Medical Applications 369
13.2 Dually Polarized Wearable 434 MHz Printed Antenna 370
13.3 Loop Antenna with Ground Plane 374
13.4 Antenna S 11 Variation as Function of Distance from Body 377
13.5 Wearable Antennas 381
13.6 Compact Dual-Polarized Printed Antenna 385
13.7 Compact Wearable RFID Antennas 385
13.8 434 MHz Receiving Channel for Communication and Medical Systems 394
13.9 Conclusions 395
References 398
14 RF Measurements 401
14.1 Introduction 401
14.2 Multiport Networks with N-ports 402
14.3 Scattering Matrix 403
14.4 S-Parameters Measurements 404
14.5 Transmission Measurements 407
14.6 Output Power and Linearity Measurements 409
14.7 Power Input Protection Measurement 409
14.8 Nonharmonic Spurious Measurements 410
14.9 Switching Time Measurements 410
14.10 IP 2 Measurements 410
14.11 IP 3 Measurements 412
14.12 Noise Figure Measurements 414
14.13 Antenna Measurements 414
14.14 Antenna Range Setup 419
References 420
Index 421
