Medical microbiology and virology Books

Book SynopsisGround-breaking, evidence-based book asks how many lives were lost because of Chinas negligence about lab-leaked SARS-CoV-2. In a disturbing reconstruction of events by two of the most reputable scientists in the world, a new book reveals for the first time how Chinese authorities and elite Wuhan scientists knew about SARS-CoV-2s menacing biological features from the start but remain silent to this day. In The Origin of the Virus (Clinical Press) Dr Steven Quay and Prof Angus Dalgleish, working with Italian reporter Paolo Barnard, show how China engaged in lies, omissions and obfuscations to cover up the laboratory origin of the virus. Had they immediately alerted the international community and policymakers of the extremely pathogenic molecular machinery present in SARS-CoV-2's genome, very large numbers of lives may have been spared, argue Quay, Dalgleish and Barnard. The authors provide a shocking account of the extreme experiments that led to the outbreak of the worst pandemic since the 1918 Spanish influenza. They broaden the censure to explain why some American and British scientists thwarted a proper investigation of the origin of COVID-19. Despite its impeccable scientific grounding the book is both a readable and gripping account that, for the first time, allows the public to partake in what lies at the heart of the many scandals surrounding the birth of the most deadly virus in modern times.Trade ReviewThe beauty of this book lies in its totally convincing narrative in a concise and entirely readable form. As a lay person with regard to medical matters I found the introductory chapter by the man who put the project together, Paolo Barnard, both fascinating and compelling, reading like a particularly enthralling story. Then the science kicks in with some hard academic research from Professor Dalgleish examining the genome of the virus and the peculiar nature of the spike proteins put there by Gain of Function studies of concern. Although impeccable in its reasoning the matters were explained in terms that are fully understandable. Then follows a nice cheeky chapter from doctor/scientist Steven Quay at the end of the book which lays out in a wonderfully logical manner how a bookie might view the odds of either zoonosis or lab-leak as the origin of the virus causing the Covid-19 pandemic .... an analysis supported by something called Bayesian statistics. I have read other books on the same matter but in my opinion this is the best .... the rival tomes are too large, filled out by journalese or just plain wrong. Once you realise that the virus has been made in a unique way such that it can attack almost any cell in the human body you begin to understand the importance of preventative measures and also become angry that the dangerous Gain of Function studies are continuing and worried that unless they are stopped the next pandemic of a novel virus will be even worse. Anthony Lloyd, primary schoolteacher and musician in Bristol, England (Review in Caduceus)

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Book SynopsisTHE #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER''Everything you need to know about one of the deadliest outbreaks in human history'' Bill Gates''Easily our fullest, richest, most panoramic history of the subject'' New York Times Book ReviewIn 1918, the world faced the deadliest pandemic in human history. What can the story of the so-called Spanish Flu teach us about the fight against present day crises, and how to prepare for future outbreaks? At the height of WWI, history''s most lethal influenza virus erupted in an army camp in Kansas, moved east with American troops, then exploded, killing as many as 100 million people worldwide. It killed more people in twenty-four months than AIDS killed in twenty-four years, more in a year than the Black Death killed in a century. But this was not the Middle Ages, and 1918 marked the first collision of science and epidemic disease.Magisterial in its breadth of perspectivTrade Review'Everything you need to know about one of the deadliest outbreaks in human history' -- Bill Gates'Easily our fullest, richest, most panoramic history of the subject' -- New York Times Book ReviewMonumental... powerfully intelligent... not just a masterful narrative... but also an authoritative and disturbing morality tale -- Chicago Tribune'A sobering account of the 1918 flu epidemic, compelling and timely' -- Boston Globe'Majestic, spellbinding treatment of a mass killer' -- Kirkus'History brilliantly written... The Great Influenza is a masterpiece' -- Baton Rouge Advocate

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Book SynopsisThis book guides through the fascinating world of viruses and makes readers enjoy science in an accessible way. Virologist and author Professor Van Wilson imparts knowledge about what viruses are, how they work, and how much they impact life on Earth. The book equips the reader with the scientific basics behind virus function and presents the historic milestones of virus research and discovery. Well-known viruses such as HIV or Influenza are tackled alongside novel pathogens like coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Professor Wilson explores where they come from and how they impact our society. Last but not least the book provides exciting insights into how our immune system reacts to different viruses and how vaccines contribute to conquer pandemics. While scientifically informative, this book makes the field of virology understandable to a lay audience and encourages readers to further thinking. And more importantly, it conveys the wonder, beauty, and mystery of these ubiquitous, microscopic marvels. This book addresses anyone interested in understanding the principles of virology, viral diseases, or the impact of viruses on human societies.Table of Contents1. The Question of Life“It’s alive! It’s alive!” – Mel Brook’s Young Frankenstein An introduction to viruses through some examples that illustrate the size, quantity, and diversity of viruses on earth, followed by a short history of the discovery of viruses. The chapter focuses on the concepts that define life through an examination of animals, plants, and single-cell organisms. These basic features of living organisms are then related to viruses to demonstrate that viruses fail most of the definitions of life and act instead as unique, self-replicating nano-machines. 1.1. Weird Facts and Big Numbers A playful discussion of the sizes and numbers of viruses in our world 1.2. From Ignorance to Fascination A brief history of the discovery of viruses 1.3. A Biological Primer – Multicellular Organisms The biological, functional, and genetic characteristics that define plants and animals 1.4. Smaller, but Still Alive – Unicellular Organisms The biological, functional, and genetic characteristics that define bacteria and yeast 1.5. Biochemistry – You Can’t Escape It The important biomolecules needed for all living organisms 1.6. Viruses at Last A comparison of viruses with living organisms to illustrate the just how different and unique viruses are from any other organisms on Earth 2. Families, Form, and Function “A virus a piece of bad news wrapped in protein” – Sir Peter Medawar An overview of viral taxonomy (families); structure, organization, genetics, and reproduction (form); and pathogenic mechanisms (function). This chapter develops the foundational concepts and vocabulary that are expanded on with specific topics in the subsequent chapters. 2.1. Taxonomy and Other Geeky Things An explanation of how viruses are named and classified 2.2. Virions, the Viral Vehicle A discussion of the viral particle including its shape, component pieces, and functions 2.3. Alive or Not, Viruses Have a Life Cycle The steps in the reproduction process that are common to all viruses 2.4. Infection and Disease - How Viruses Spread and do Nasty Things The mechanisms by which viruses infect cells and cause damage to cells and organs in our bodies 3. Ancient or New – On the Origin of Viruses “Endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved” - Charles Darwin An examination of the origins of viruses and their co-evolution with living organisms. Are they the ancient progenitors of all life or are they degenerate offspring that devolved from more complex existing organisms? Competing views on viral origin will be compared and contrasted. The co-evolution of viruses with humans and our hominid ancestors is also explored. 3.1. We Don’t Know Exactly Where We Came From, but We’re Here Anyway A brief history of the universe and the evolution of life on Earth 3.2. Are Viruses the Chicken or the Egg? An introduction to viral origin theories; how did they arise and where did they come from? 3.3. Hypotheses, Hypotheses, and More Hypotheses Examination of the major historical theories for viral origin evolution 3.4. New Data at Last Use of nucleic acid and protein information to analyze viral origins and familial relationships 3.5. Closer to Home How did ancient viruses give rise to modern viral families Papillomaviruses and Hominid Evolution – human papillomaviruses (HPVs) as an example of viral co-evolution with humans 4. Of Predators and Prey “The single biggest threat to man’s continued dominance on the planet is the virus” -Joshua Lederberg, 1958 Nobel Laureate Examination of selected viral diseases that illustrate mechanisms of viral spread and the 3 types of infection outcomes: acute disease (influenza), chronic infection (hepatitis C), and latent infections (herpes varicella-zoster). These examples demonstrate the complex interplay between hosts (humans) and predators (viruses) and explain why viruses have evolved to be such persistent infectious pathogens for humans. 4.1. Viral Infections – The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly The principles of how viruses spread, infect cells, and cause disease 4.2. Influenza – More Than Just Bad Air Influenza virus as an example of an acute infection where the virus is completely cleared from the body after recovery 4.3. Hepatitis C – The Great Deceiver Hepatitis C virus as an example of a chronic infection where active virus can remain permanently in the host 4.4. Herpes Varicella-Zoster Virus – Now You See It and Now You Don’t A herpes virus as an example of a virus that cause an acute illness but then becomes latent with the ability to reactivate years later 4.5. Polyomaviruses and Anelloviruses – Predators or Passengers? Examples of viruses that are commonly found in humans but whose disease role is mostly uncertain 5. Immunity, Immunity, Immunity “If we think of the immune system as a machine, then we are far from even knowing all of its parts” - Bruce Beutler, 2011 Nobel Laureate Like the real estate adage about the importance of location, location, location, survival from viral infection illustrates the importance of immunity. The 3 types of relevant immunity (intrinsic, innate, and acquired) will be explained in the context of viral infection. This chapter is the corollary to chapter 4 and discusses how viruses have influenced human evolution as we attempted to combat and counteract viral infections. 5.1. The Big Three – Branches of Immunity An overview of the three branches of immunity and their roles in protection from viruses 5.1.1. Intrinsic Immunity – Always There When We Need It The biology and mechanism of by which intrinsic immunity protects from viral infection 5.1.2. Innate Immunity – Locked and Loaded The biology and mechanism of by which innate immunity protects from viral infection 5.1.3. Adaptive Immunity – The Gift That Keeps On Giving The biology and mechanism of by which adaptive immunity protects from viral infection 6. Viruses That Shaped our World “A virus can change the fate of the world; power has nothing to do with being tiny or giant!” ― Mehmet Murat Ildan In addition to the consequences of viral infection for the individual, large scale viral effects on human populations have influenced history and culture. Examples covered will include smallpox, influenza, poliovirus, and HIV, each of which had important sociological effects on human populations. 6.1. Smallpox – Mankind’s First Conquest The history of smallpox and its devastating Effects on Europe and the New World 6.2. Polio – A Force for Change The history of polio virus and how outbreaks in 20th century America led to the emergence of disease philanthropy and vaccine development 6.3. HIV/AIDS – A New Pandemic for the 20th Century and Beyond The origins of AIDS and how this epidemic introduced universal precautions and inspired medical activism 7. Simian-Virus 40 – How an Obscure Monkey Virus Ushered in the Age of Molecular Biology “The art and science of asking questions is the source of all knowledge.” – Thomas Berger The extensive poliovirus vaccination programs of the late 1950s and early 1960s lead to the accidental infection of millions of individuals of an unknown virus (SV40) with cancer-causing potential. This mistake sparked a massive research enterprise to understand this virus. Many of the early tools and foundational discoveries of modern molecular biology, as well as the origins of important regulatory compliance policies, derived from this beginning and still echo in our research and society today. 7.1. Viruses, Viruses, and More Viruses How advances in technology led to the identification of more and more new viruses in the 20th century 7.2. Polio Vaccines and A Stealth Simian Virus The discovery of a new simian virus called SV40 as a contaminant of the early polio virus vaccines 7.3. To Be or Not To Be – Is SV40 a Human Tumor Virus? The discovery that SV40 has cancer-causing potential and the continuing debate on its role in human cancers 7.4. The SV40 Revolution How SV40 became a prominent model for molecular biology and led to many important discoveries about human cell biology 7.5. p53 – The Guardian of the Genome How SV40 led to the discovery of p53, the most important human protein for fighting cancer 7.6. Asilomar and the Birth of Biosafety How fears about using SV40 in research led to the federal regulation and the evolution of modern lab biosafety requirements 8. Viral Oncology – Infectious Cancer “Most of the infections linked to human cancers are common in human populations; they are ubiquitous. They were present during the whole human evolution process.” – Harald zur Hausen, 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Approximately 25% of human cancers have been shown to have a viral contribution. This chapter will discuss the role of retroviruses and various DNA type viruses in human cancers, describe how these viruses can transform normal cells into cancerous ones, and illustrate how the study of these viruses has informed our knowledge of the molecular basis for cancer. 8.1. The Infectious Beginnings of Cancer Research The history of viral oncology and the discovery of animal tumor viruses 8.2. The Oncogene Revelation The discovery of oncogenes and the elucidation of their mechanisms 8.3. Human Retroviruses at Last The human T cell leukemia viruses and their link to cancer 8.4. Herpesviruses Turn Oncogenic The link between certain herpesviruses and human cancers 8.5. Hepatitis Viruses and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Chronic hepatitis virus infection and liver cancer 8.6. Human Papillomaviruses – Cancer as an STD How an ancient virus entered Homo sapiens and causes cervical and other cancers 8.7. Merkel Polyomavirus – Finally an Oncogenic Human Polyomavirus A new human virus and its connection with a type of skin cancer 8.8. The Seven Deadly Cancer Viruses A summary of the human cancer viruses 9. The Virus Within “If Charles Darwin reappeared today, he might be surprised to learn that humans are descended from viruses as well as from apes.” - Robin Weiss The sequencing of the human genome revealed that 5-8% of our DNA is not actually human, but instead is viral DNA reflecting millennia of infections that have accumulated in our genome. The significance and consequences of this viral invasion of our genomes will be described. 9.1. Adam and EVEs Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) and how they got into humans 9.2. HERVs, HERVs, and More HERVs How human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) entered our genomes and shaped our genomic evolution 9.3. Beyond HERVs Other types of viruses that have integrated into animal and human genomes 9.4. Assailants or Allies? Are endogenous viruses helpful or harmful 9.5. The HERVs That Made Us Human Examples of HERVs that became part of normal human biology 9.6. The Dark Side How HERVs may be contributing to various human diseases from cancer to neurological conditions 10. Vaccines and the Conquest of Viruses “Throughout human history, viral diseases have had their way with us, and for just as long, we have hunted them down and done our best to wipe them out.” - Jeffrey Kluger Vaccination has been an incredibly effective and important tool against viral infection, but a significant anti-vaccination movement arose in the last 20 years, mostly due to spurious accusations about the harmful effects of vaccines. The chapter will examine the history of vaccination, the types of vaccines, the risk versus benefit of vaccines, and the impact of vaccines on individual and global health. 10.1. The Era of Vaccines The history of vaccine development in the 20th century 10.2. Vaccinology 101 The basic types of vaccines and the principles of how they work 10.3. The Road Is Long With Many A Winding Turn The process for developing and testing a new vaccine 10.4. Anti-Vaxxers: The Force Awakens The history of the anti-vaccine movement in England and the U.S. 10.5. Vaccine Technology – A Glimpse of the Future New vaccine technologies on the horizon 11. New and Emerging Viruses: Where Have They Been Hiding? From HIV to SARS-CoV-2, the last 100 years have seen dozens of new viruses identified. This chapter will examine where new viruses come from, how they enter human populations, and what effects they have on human health and our society. Chapter subsections: tbd 12. Beyond Antibiotics - Are Phage Our Allies? Phages are a special class of viruses that infect and often kill bacteria. With the growing rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is an imminent need for new and different approaches to combat bacterial infections. Phage therapy is an old idea that is seeing a resurgence of interest, and this chapter will discuss the history, process, advantages, and limitations of using phage to treat bacterial infections. Chapter subsections: tbd 13. Gene Therapy and Cancer Therapeutics Given their ability to infect our cells, viruses have unique capabilities as delivery systems to introduce new material into our cells. Viruses are being used to introduce replacement genes of humans with certain defective genes and are also being used to combat certain kinds of cancer. This chapter will explore current and potential therapeutic uses for viruses. Chapter subsections: tbd

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Book Synopsis**A NEW YORK TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2022 and FINANCIAL TIMES BEST BOOK OF 2023***Shortlisted for the Royal Society Trivedi Science Book Prize 2023*From the author of Spillover, the book that predicted the pandemic, Breathless is the story of Covid-19 and its fierce journey through the human population, as seen by the scientists tasked with fighting it.Bestelling author David Quammen draws on countless interviews with experts, including leading virologists, to take us inside the global race to understand SARS-CoV-2, it's ever-changing nature and capacity to kill. In doing so, he explains how new viruses emerge when we disrupt ecosystems and suggests why the coronavirus may be here to stay.By peering over the shoulders of the brilliant scientists leading the chase, Breathless uncovers the warnings from infectious diseases experts that went unheeded; and which clues are the most compelling in the hunt for the virus' origin.'A viral howdunnit that is pacy and unafraid to educate readers' Observer'A luminous, passionate account of the defining crisis of our time' New York Times'A classic...a masterpiece' Stanley Prusiner, Nobel Prize Winner'As close to authoritative history as we have... It reads like a real-time thriller' Chicago TribuneTrade ReviewA supernova in among science journalists * Oprah Daily *An expert eye on Covid's past and present [and] a viral howdunnit that is pacy and unafraid to educate readers * Observer *[A] tour de force...A luminous, passionate account of the defining crisis of our time - and the unprecedented international response to it. * The New York Times Book Review *As close to authoritative history - from the virus's origins to vaccines and variants - as we have, told through scientists involved, and the signature ease of Quammen's prose. It reads like a real-time thriller. * Chicago Tribune *Will likely prove to be a classic in the history of science ... a masterpiece * Stanley Prusiner, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine *[An] engrossing, at times breathless, scientific narrative of the COVID-19 * Nature *A frightening and fascinating masterpiece of science reporting that reads like a detective story * Walter Isaacson on Spillover *Fascinating and terrifying, Spillover is a real-life thriller with an outcome that affects us all * Elizabeth Kolbert on Spillover *A tremendous book... this gives you all you need to know and should know. Quammen's research and analysis makes sensationalism unnecessary * Sunday Times on Spillover *Chilling... [A] brilliant, devastating book * Daily Mail on Spillover *Travelling deep into the rainforest with the scientists hoping to identify the next pandemic pathogen, Quammen's book is plotted like a detective thriller * Gaia Vince, Guardian on Spillover *David Quammen might be my favourite living science writer: amiable, erudite, understated, incredibly funny, profoundly humane * New York Magazine on Spillover *Come for the compelling interviews with key scientists, including Anthony Fauci; stay for the deep dive into the wild and unpredictable world of viruses * Financial Times, *Books of the Year* *

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Book SynopsisKnown for generations as the most comprehensive foundational text on medical microbiology, Schaechter's Mechanisms of Microbial Disease delivers a thorough understanding of microbial agents and the pathophysiology of microbial diseases. This trusted text is universally praised for "telling the story of a pathogen" in an engaging way, facilitating learning and recall by emphasizing unifying principles and paradigms. Content is uniquely organized by microbial class and by organ system, making it equally at home in traditional and systems-based curricula. This updated 6th Edition reflects the latest advances in the field, including significant enhancements to the coverage of serious threats to global health (including COVID-19), respiratory and childhood viruses, and sexually transmitted diseases. New illustrations and additional learning features further clarify concepts, reinforce understanding, and help users confidently prepare for board exams and beyond. Abundant full-color images clarify microbial concepts, structures, and processes in vivid detail. New Subject Review Tables broaden students’ understanding of chapter content with additional context and detail. Paradigm boxes reinforce general principles through key examples. Case Studies with problem-solving questions, questions provide insight into clinical applications of microbiology, challenge students to apply what they’ve learned to common clinical scenarios. Key Concepts keep students focused on essential information. Suggested Readings guide students to relevant field research. Bolded Terms familiarize students with new or challenging terms. New content related to the COVID-19 pandemic concerning the virology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention of coronaviruses added to several relevant chapters prepares students for the clinical challenges ahead.

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Book SynopsisModern microbiology has transformed our understanding of life on earth, and had a huge impact on medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. In this Very Short Introduction, Nicholas P. Money explores the microbial world, considering its diversity and vital roles in ecosystems, including the human body.Trade ReviewFor individuals from all backgrounds who need a succinct yet complete introduction to microbiology, this book is an ideal resource, and readers can use this book as a springboard into a wide variety of other topics in microbiology by using the resources for further reading provided at the end of the book. * R. K. Harris, CHOICE *Table of Contents1. Microbial diversity ; 2. How microbes operate ; 3. Molecular microbiology ; 4. Viruses ; 5. Microbiology of human health and disease ; 6. Microbial ecology and evolution ; 7. Microbes in agriculture and biotechnolohy ; Further reading ; Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Introduction 2 The mouth as a microbial habitat 3 The resident oral microbiota 4 Distribution, development and benefits of the oral microbiota 5 Dental plaque 6 Plaque-mediated diseases: Dental caries and periodontal diseases 7 Orofacial bacterial infections 8 Oral fungal infections 9 Orofacial viral infections 10 Antimicrobial agents 11 Oral microbiota and systemic disease 12 Infection control

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Book Synopsis Now in four convenient volumes, Field’s Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Field’s Virology: Fundamentals, Seventh Edition, edited by Drs. Peter Howley and David M. Knipe, along with volume associate editors Drs. Lynn Enquist, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Eric O. Freed, Blossom A. Damania, and Sean P. J. Whelan, focuses on the basic principles of virology and reflects recent advances in this dynamic field. Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and physicians, as well as undergraduate and graduate students interested in virology. Includes chapters on virus structures, essential viral functions, immune responses to viral infections, viral epidemiology, viral diagnostics, and viral therapies Up to date discussions of antiviral therapies and vaccine strategies Features more than 300 full-color illustrations, including key figures for use as lecture slides Provides quick, flexible access to current information both in print and in an improved eBook format Discusses virus structure, virus entry, replication, and assembly, virus-host cell interactions, host immune responses and vaccines, antiviral therapeutics, viral persistence and latency for HIV, and mechanisms of viral oncogenesis for HPV, KSHV and the hepatotropic viruses Newly revised Field’s Virology volumes, available in print and eBook format: • Emerging Viruses • DNA Viruses • RNA Viruses • Fundamental Virology Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

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Book SynopsisDoes the race for vaccine development make sense? What are the chances of success? Will the vaccine be safe? Will people accept it?? In June 2020, Corona, False Alarm? exploded into the German market, selling 200,000 copies and 75,000 e-books in the first six weeks. No other topic dominates our attention as much as coronavirus and COVID-19, the infectious disease it triggers. There’s been a global deluge of contradictory opinions, fake news, and politically controlled information. Differing views on the dangers posed by the pandemic have led to deep division and confusion, within governments, society, and even among friends and family. In Corona, False Alarm?, award-winning researchers Dr. Sucharit Bhakdi and Dr. Karina Reiss give clarity to these confusing and stressful times. They offer analysis of whether radical protective measures—including lockdown, social distancing, and mandatory masking—have been justified, and what the ramifications have been for society, the economy, and public health. Dr. Bhakdi and Dr. Reiss provide dates, facts, and background information, including: How Covid-19 compares with previous coronaviruses and the flu virus What infection numbers and the death rate really tell us The challenges around lockdown: Were the protective measures justified? Mandatory mask-wearing: Does the science support it? Vaccines: What are the chances of success? What are the risks? Corona, False Alarm? provides you with sound information and substantiated facts—and encourages you to form your own opinion on the corona crisis.

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Book SynopsisBuild your child's reading confidence at home with books at the right levelNot your average science book, this in-depth analysis of the smallest living things in our world, gives captivating insight into the wonderful world of microorganisms. Focussing on bacteria, fungi, protists and viruses, it explains some of the biggest diseases of our time as well as the processes of protecting ourselves.Pearl/Band 18 books offer fluent readers a complex, substantial text with challenging themes to facilitate sustained comprehension, bridging the gap between a reading programme and longer chapter books.Text type:Curriculum links:

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Book SynopsisWritten by leading authors in the field with both clinical and molecular expertise, Human Virology provides an accessible introduction to this fascinating and important field, making the text ideal for students encountering virology for the first time.Trade ReviewWithout reservation. I will be recommending this edition. I will be reaching for my copy of this book and lending it to trainees. The general principles section is short but very well-put together - impressive. Subsequent chapters are organised as per Baltimore classification of viruses - this approach gives an ease of use to students that was remarked upon by the two students that I lent the book to and was obvious to me. * Dr Conall P Mccaughey, Consultant Virologist, Regional Virus Laboratory, Kelvin Laboratories, The Royal Hospitals Trust, Belfast *The book is exceptionally well-written in consistent and clear style. The writers have thought about the readers understanding. The clinical case studies are brilliant - superbly put together aimed at contextualising and making memorable the content. Several of them will be great resources to teachers. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book as did the two students that I lent it to. * Dr Conall P Mccaughey, Consultant Virologist, Regional Virus Laboratory, Kelvin Laboratories, The Royal Hospitals Trust, Belfast *Table of ContentsPART 1: GENERAL PRINCIPLES; PART 2: SPECIFIC VIRUSES; GROUP 1 - POSITIVE SENSE SINGLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES; GROUP 2 - NEGATIVE-SENSE SINGLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES; GROUP 3 - DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA VIRUSES; GROUP 4 - DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUSES; GROUP 5 - SINGLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUSES; GROUP 6 - SINGLE-STRANDED POSITIVE SENSE RNA WITH AN RT; GROUP 7 - CIRCULAR DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA VIRUSES WITH AN RT; PART 3: PRACTICAL ASPECTS

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Medical Microbiology covers a range of key laboratory techniques used in the diagnosis of human diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. The text is written specifically for biomedical science students and uses case studies throughout to highlight the clinical relevance of the techniques being described.

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Book SynopsisGet colouring and let yourself be inspired by the marvels of the microscopic world as you make your way through this fascinating and important book.' Professor Luke O'NeillThis distinctive colouring book explores the beauty of microscopic life, from vaccines and viruses to protozoa and algae. Go on a journey of scientific discovery as your colours illuminate a hidden world beyond the limits of our own vision.Bring to life the nucleocapsid protein of the Covid-19 virus, the overlapping frill of the delphinium peregrinum seed and the shell-like carapace of a water-flea as you discover the startling and unexpected beauty of life under the lens.Containing over 60 detailed illustrations from the natural world, including a coronavirus vaccine on the cover and inside, this book is a calming celebration of small science.

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Book SynopsisCarl Zimmer writes the Origins column for The New York Times and has frequently contributed to The Atlantic, National Geographic, Time, and Scientific American. His journalism has earned numerous awards, including ones from the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the National Academies of Science, Medicine, and Engineering. Zimmer is professor adjunct at Yale, where he teaches writing. He is the author of numerous books about science, including She Has Her Mother's Laugh, which was shortlisted for the Baillie Gifford Prize, and, most recently, Air-Borne.

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Book SynopsisThis book highlights the triumph of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry over the past decade and provides insight into new and expanding technologies through a comprehensive range of short chapters that enable the reader to gauge their current status and how they may progress over the next decade. This book serves as a platform to consolidate current strengths of the technology and highlight new frontiers in tandem MS/MS that are likely to eventually supersede MALDI-TOF MS. Chapters discuss:Challenges of IdentifyingMycobacterium to the Species level Identification of Bacteroides and Other ClinicallyRelevant AnaerobesIdentification of Species inMixed Microbial PopulationsDetection of ResistanceMechanismsProteomics as a biomarkerdiscovery and validation platformDetermination of AntimicrobialResistance using Tandem Mass SpectrometryTable of ContentsList of Contributors xxi Preface xxix Part I MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry 1 1 A Paradigm Shift from Research to Front]Line Microbial Diagnostics in MALDI]TOF and LC]MS/MS: A Laboratory’s Vision and Relentless Resolve to Help Develop and Implement This New Technology amidst Formidable Obstacles 3Haroun N. Shah and Saheer E. Gharbia 2 Criteria for Development of MALDI]TOF Mass Spectral Database 39Markus Kostrzewa and Thomas Maier 3 Applications of MALDI]TOF Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Diagnostic Microbiology 55Onya Opota, Guy Prod’hom and Gilbert Greub 4 The Challenges of Identifying Mycobacterium to the Species Level using MALDI]TOF MS 93 5 Transformation of Anaerobic Microbiology since the Arrival of MALDI]TOF Mass Spectrometry 123Elisabeth Nagy, Mariann Abrok, Edith Urban, A.C.M. Veloo, Arie Jan van Winkelhoff, Itaru Dekio, Saheer E. Gharbia and Haroun N. Shah 6 Differentiation of Closely Related Organisms using MALDI]TOF MS 147Mark A. Fisher 7 Identification of Species in Mixed Microbial Populations using MALDI]TOF MS 167Pierre Mahe, Maud Arsac, Nadine Perrot, Marie]Helene Charles, Patrick Broyer, Jay Hyman, John Walsh, Sonia Chatellier, Victoria Girard, Alex van Belkum, and Jean]Baptiste Veyrieras 8 Microbial DNA Analysis by MALDI]TOF Mass Spectrometry 187 9 Impact of MALDI]TOF MS in Clinical Mycology; Progress and Barriers in Diagnostics 211Cledir R. Santos, Elaine Francisco, Mariana Mazza, Ana Carolina B. Padovan, Arnaldo Colombo and Nelson Lima 10 Development and Application of MALDI]TOF for Detection of Resistance Mechanisms 231Stefan Zimmermann and Irene Burckhardt 11 Discrimination of Burkholderia Species, Brucella Biovars, Francisella tularensis and Other Taxa at the Subspecies Level by MALDI]TOF Mass Spectrometry 249Axel Karger 12 MALDI]TOF]MS Based on Ribosomal Protein Coding in S10]spc]alpha Operons for Proteotyping 269Hiroto Tamura Part II Tandem MS/MS-Based Approaches to Microbial Characterization 311 13 Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis as an Approach to Delineate Genetically Related Taxa 313Raju V. Misra, Tom Gaulton, Nadia Ahmod, Min Fang, Martin Hornshaw, Jenny Ho, Saheer E. Gharbia and Haroun N. Shah 14 Mapping of the Proteogenome of Clostridium difficile Isolates of Varying Virulence 379Caroline H. Chilton, Saheer E. Gharbia, Raju V. Misra, Min Fang, Ian R. Poxton, Peter S. Borriello and Haroun N. Shah 15 Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance using Tandem MassSpectrometry 399Ajit J. Shah, Vlad Serafim, Zhen Xu, Hermine Mkrtchyan and Haroun N. Shah 16 Proteotyping: Tandem Mass Spectrometry Shotgun Proteomic Characterization and Typing of Pathogenic Microorganisms 419Roger Karlsson, Lucia Gonzales]Siles, Fredrik Boulund, Asa Lindgren, Liselott Svensson]Stadler, Anders Karlsson, Erik Kristiansson and Edward R.B. Moore 17 Proteogenomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis Infections 451Liang Yang and Song Lin Chua 18 Top]Down Proteomics in the Study of Microbial Pathogenicity 493Joseph Gault, Egor Vorontsov, Mathieu Dupre, Valeria Calvaresi, Magalie Duchateau, Diogo B. Lima, Christian Malosse and Julia Chamot]Rooke 19 Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Resolving Complex Gut Microbiota Functions 505Carolin Kolmeder, Kaarina Lahteenmaki, Pirjo Wacklin, Annika Kotovuori, Ilja Ritamo, Jaana Matto, Willem M. de Vos, and Leena Valmu 20 Proteogenomics of Non]model Microorganisms 529Jean Armengaud 21A Analysis of MALDI]TOF MS Spectra using the BioNumerics Software 539Katleen Vranckx, Katrien De Bruyne and Bruno Pot 21B Subtyping of Staphylococcus spp. Based upon MALDI]TOF MS Data Analysis 563Zhen Xu, Ali Olkun, Katleen Vranckx, Hermine V. Mkrtchyan, Ajit J. Shah, Bruno Pot, Ronald R. Cutler and Haroun N. Shah 21C Elucidating the Intra]Species Proteotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Cystic Fibrosis 579Ali Olkun, Ajit J. Shah and Haroun N. Shah References 588 Index 593

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents Part 1 Basic Laboratory Techniques for Isolation, Cultivation, and Cultural Characterization of Microorganisms 1. Culture Transfer Techniques  2. Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures 3. Cultural Characteristics of Microorganisms 4. Microscopic Examination of Stained Cell Preparations 5. Microscopic Exami­na­tion of Living Microorganisms Using a Hanging-Drop Preparation or a Wet Mount Part 3 Bacterial Staining 6. Preparation of Bacterial Smears 7. Simple Staining 8. Negative Staining 9. Gram Stain 10. Acid-Fast Stain 11. Differential Staining for Visualization of Bacterial Cell Structures Part 4 Cultivation of Microorganisms: Nutritional and Physical Requirements, and Enumeration of Microbial Populations 12. Nutritional Requirements: Media for the Routine Cultivation of Bacteria 13. Use of Differential, Selective, and Enriched Media 14. Physical Factors: Temperature 15. Physical Factors: pH of the Extracellular Environment 16. Physical Factors: Atmospheric Oxygen Requirements 17. Techniques for the Cultivation of Anaerobic Microorganisms 18. Serial Dilution—Agar Plate Procedure to Quantitate Viable Cells 19. The Bacterial Growth Curve Part 5 Biochemical Activities of Microorganisms 20. Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Microorganisms 21. Carbohydrate Fermentation 22. Triple Sugar—Iron Agar Test 23. IMViC Test 24. Hydrogen Sulfide Test 25. Urease Test 26. Litmus-Milk Reactions 27. Nitrate Reduction Test 28. Catalase Test 29. Oxidase Test 30. Utilization of Amino Acids 31. Genus Identification of Unknown Bacterial Cultures Part 6 The Protozoa 32. Free-Living Protozoa 33. Parasitic Protozoa Part 7 The Fungi 34. Cultivation and Morphology of Molds 35. Yeast Morphology, Cultural Characteristics, and Reproduction 36. Identification of Unknown Fungi Part 8 The Viruses 37. Cultivation and Enumeration of Bacteriophages 38. Isolation of Coliphages from Raw Sewage 39. Propagation of Isolated Bacteriophage Cultures Part 9 Physical and Chemical Agents for the Control of Microbial Growth 40. Physical Agents of Control: Moist Heat 41. Physical Agents of Control: Electromagnetic Radiations 42. Chemical Agents of Control: Chemotherapeutic Agents 43. Determination of Penicillin Activity in the Presence and Absence of Penicillinase 44. Chemical Agents of Control: Disinfectants and Antiseptics Part 10 Microbiology of Food 45. Microbiological Analysis of Food Products: Bacterial Count 46. Microbial Fermentation Part 11 Microbiology of Water 47. Standard Qualitative Analysis of Water 48. Quantitative Analysis of Water: Membrane Filter Method Part 12 Microbiology of Soil 49. Microbial Populations in Soil: Enumeration 50. Isolation of Antibiotic-Producing Microorganisms and Determination of Antimicrobial Spectrum of Isolates 51. Isolation of Pseudomonas Species by Means of the Enrichment Culture Technique

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Book SynopsisGet ready for the “Hottest cold case in America!” This updated paperback contains the same content as the 2014 hard cover edition which has 25 additional pages of revelations added since the original 2007 paperback. These new pages include documents from the FBI, CIA, CDC, and NOPD, plus the actual crime scene photos from the 1964 murder of Dr. Mary Sherman. The bizarre death of this nationally known cancer researcher sets the stage for this gripping exposÉ of medical professionals enmeshed in covert government operations. Following a trail of police reports, FBI files, cancer statistics, and medical journals, this revealing book presents a web of secret-keeping which swept doctors into cover-ups of contaminated polio vaccines, cancer outbreaks, the arrival of the AIDS virus, and a deadly biological weapon tested on both monkeys and humans. Add Lee Harvey Oswald to the cast of this secret bio-weapon project, and this dark tale connects Oswald’s summer of secrets to the intrigue surrounding the assassination of President Kennedy.

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Book SynopsisIn 2014, a 28-year old British doctor found himself co-running the Ebola isolation unit in Sierra Leone’s main hospital after the doctor in charge had been killed by the virus. Completely overwhelmed and wrapped in stifling protective suits, he and his team took it in turns to provide care to patients while removing dead bodies from the ward. Against all odds he battled to keep the hospital open, as the queue of sick and dying patients grew every day. Only a few miles down the road the Irish Ambassador and Head of Irish Aid worked relentlessly to rapidly scale up the international response. At a time when entire districts had been quarantined, she travelled around the country, and met with UN agencies, the President and senior ministers so as to be better placed in alerting the world to the catastrophe unfolding in front of her. In this blow-by-blow account, Walsh and Johnson expose the often shocking shortcomings of the humanitarian response to the outbreak, both locally and internationally, and call our attention to the immense courage of those who put their lives on the line every day to contain the disease. Theirs is the definitive account of the fight against an epidemic that shook the world.Trade ReviewGetting to Zero is a compelling read, full of compassion, grief, ingenuity and stories of courage and unstinting commitment of local nurses, cleaners and others who remain unsung heroes of Ebola. But it is also full of tales of denial, extraordinary lapses in leadership and awkward truths that will make uncomfortable reading for many, locally and internationally. * Guardian *Written in an honest and engaging tone, their experience behind the scenes of the outbreak is illuminating and highlights important lessons for the management of future outbreaks, and the operational errors that increased the number of lives lost in the west African outbreak of 2014–16. * Lancet *Hundreds of reports have been written on the 2014 epidemic – the most widespread Ebola outbreak since the virus was discovered – but none is nearly as insightful, compassionate or unsparing as this. * Irish Times *A brave, bold, yet humble account from the frontlines of the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone. This is vital reading to help us all do better next time. * David Miliband, President and CEO of the International Rescue Committee *Courage in extreme clinical danger, courage to challenge obstructive bureaucracy, courage to make tough decisions and the courage to endure. This is the courage that Sinead Walsh and Oliver Johnson displayed in Sierra Leone. Their compelling book is essential reading for all who care about global health. * Eldryd Parry, founder of the Tropical Health and Education Trust *A captivating and brutally honest account of the Ebola epidemic from two brave, committed individuals who unexpectedly found themselves at its epicentre. The authors pull no punches, and leave us asking: will these lessons be learned, or will the world once again forget and move on? * Jeremy Farrar, Director of the Wellcome Trust *This powerful book asks important questions about aid and development and offers insights that everyone working in global health should absorb – as well as being a personal and very moving account of an epidemic that killed thousands. * Lord Nigel Crisp, Co-Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Global Health *Walsh and Johnson represent the best of international intervention. This book reveals the complexities and level of cooperation that made “getting to zero” possible. Offers excellent insight into those trying times. * O.B. Sisay, Director of the Situation Room at the National Ebola Response Centre, Sierra Leone *An extraordinary account from the thick of the battle against Ebola. This is history’s first draft, and a powerful example of persistent and pragmatic leadership. Mandatory reading for anyone concerned with global health in the broadest sense. * Paul Farmer, Harvard Medical School, and co-founder of Partners in Health *Takes us behind the scenes to the harrowing frontlines of the Ebola epidemic – highlighting a set of lessons that an inter-connected world would ignore at our peril. A compelling read. * Samantha Power, former US Ambassador to the UN *A detailed, up-close-and-personal perspective on the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone, important for all who want to understand what it is to confront a terrible health threat. * Tom Frieden, President and CEO of Resolve to Save Lives, and former Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention *Johnson and Walsh provide a frank, beautifully written, and essential guide to the lessons learned from the heart of the outbreak. Their first-hand experiences in battling this terrible disease will take your breath away. A must read. * Tulip Mazumdar, Global Health Correspondent for BBC News *Table of ContentsMaps Preface 1. New Beginnings: Sierra Leone before the Outbreak of Ebola 2. A Dubious Start: Ebola in Guinea 3. Ebola Emerges in Sierra Leone 4. Kenema Explodes 5. Armageddon 6. The Long Wait for Action 7. The Response Kicks Off 8. The Response Bears Fruit 9. Getting to Zero 10. Conclusion Afterword: If We Had to Do It All Again…

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Book SynopsisDrug-resistant infections are one of the greatest threats to human health, and with resistance on the rise, appropriate antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is more important than ever. This book, written by nurses for nurses, provides a clear and concise approach to good practice in this vital area. Exploring all aspects of AMS, this new book is underpinned by a competency framework endorsed by scientific and professional societies, including the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). It explains the practices that ensure optimal use of antibiotics for the best clinical outcome, with both minimal toxicity to the patient and minimal impact on subsequent antimicrobial resistance. This book, the first applied directly to antimicrobial stewardship for nurses, supports standards of proficiency for registered nurses, and can therefore be used by regulators and professional bodies to inform standards of proficiency and guidance. The book covers infection prevention and control, antimicrobial resistance, diagnosis of infection and appropriate antimicrobial use, patient engagement, collaboration between professions and how to implement AMS in nursing practice. Including learning tools such as objectives, practical case studies and questions throughout, as well as lecture slides, this book is an essential read for undergraduate nursing students and specialist nurses worldwide. This book is authored by a multi-national group of experts with representation from professional associations, universities and national public health agencies, such as: - Royal College of Nursing, UK - Cardiff University, UK - University of São Paulo, Brazil - Public Health England, UK - National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, AustraliaTable of ContentsChapter 1: Introduction- Molly Courtenay Chapter 2: Infection prevention and control- Briette du Toit, Yolanda van Zyl Chapter 3: Antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance- Maria Clara Padoveze, Ligia Maria Abraão, Rosely Moralez de Figueiredo Chapter 4: The diagnosis of infection and the use of antibiotics- Jo McEwen, Heather Kennedy, Nykoma Hamilton Chapter 5: Antimicrobial prescribing practice- Enrique Castro-Sánchez Chapter 6: Person-centred care- Emma Burnett, Valerie Ness Chapter 7: Interprofessional collaborative practice - Fiona Gotterson, Elizabeth Manias Chapter 8: Leading and supporting antimicrobial stewardship- Rose Gallagher, Rita Olans, Susie Singleton, Joanne Bosanquet

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Book SynopsisThis textbook covers the full spectrum of tuberculosis-related topics in a comprehensive yet easy-to-follow, readily accessible format. Filling a significant gap in tuberculosis literature, it addresses tuberculosis sensu latu, mirroring the content of the London Queen Mary University tuberculosis Diploma.Covering all aspects related to this condition, from prevention, diagnosis and treatment to public and global health, the book provides a broad overview of tuberculosis management. Further, it includes a wealth of case studies and exercises, making it an essential guide for all staff involved in tuberculosis management. Written by an international and interdisciplinary panel of experts, the book appeals to a broad readership including students, postdoctoral fellows, clinicians, researchers, and nurses, as well as public health officers working in tuberculosis control programs.Trade Review“The book is well produced and provides a comprehensive guide to the subject, covering both the clinical and scientific aspects of this important infectious disease. It will be profitably thumbed by all who come across patients with the disease in their line of work and by others who have an interest in this important infection, which shows no sign of diminishing even in the 21st century.” (Arpan K Banerjee, RAD Magazine, December, 2021)Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisTrade Review"The text brings together in a single work about conventional technologies and that can help professionals in the sector and improve the nutritional quality on fruit. It is a useful reference for researchers, professionals and students who want to understand the feasiblity and operability of these techniques to make informed choices in modern processing plants." --Industrie AlimentariTable of Contents1. Quality issues and safety concerns of fresh-cut products Quality issues, Browning, Loss of firmness, Nutrient loss, Safety concerns, microbiology 2. Sanitizers Chlorine, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Acidic compounds, Alkaline compounds, Ozone, Hydrogen peroxide 3. Antioxidants Acidulants, Reducing Agents, Chelating agents, Enzyme inhibitors, other anti-brownings 4. Texturizers Calcium, Ethylene blockers, enzyme inhibitors 5. Modified and controlled atmosphere packaging 6. Natural additives with antimicrobial and flavoring potential 7. Natural additives with anti-browning and texturizer potential 8. Fortificants 9. Probiotics 10. Edible coatings 11. Active and intelligent packaging 12. High-pressure processing 13. Microwave heating 14. Ohmic heating 15. Plasma processing 16. Hurdle technology 17. Fresh-cut plant processing design

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Book SynopsisThis is the story of the discovery of the first human cancer virus. Through intriguing accounts that include some remarkable characters and individual stories from around the globe - including the UK, Africa, USA, and China - it tells the story of the Epstein-Barr virus and the understanding of its connections to a variety of other diseases.Trade Review[A] pithy, pacy study. * Nature *It reads like a thriller ... the book is compelling and colourful, capturing the romance of scientific discovery so well that it is exciting and accessible. * Linda Geddes, New Scientist *Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ; Preface ; Introduction ; 1. Out of Africa ; 2. The Eureka moment ; 3. Convincing the Sceptics ; 4. EBV in Africa - Burkitt lymphoma ; 5. EBV in Asia - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ; 6. New Diseases - An accident of nature; an accident of medicine ; 7. Unexpected Arrivals ; 8. Prevention and Cure ; 9. Making Sense of a Human Cancer Virus ; References ; Further Reading ; Glossary ; Index

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Historical developments of antimicrobial peptide research 2. Biosynthesis of peptide antibiotics and innate immunity 3. Antimicrobial peptides: features and mode of action 4. Purification techniques and characterisation of antimicrobial peptides 5. Peptide antibiotics from bacteria 6. Antimicrobial peptides of fungal origin 7. Insect peptides with antimicrobial effect 8. Amphibian host defence peptides 9. Plant derived antimicrobial peptides 10. Mammalian antimicrobial peptides 11. Antimicrobial peptides from marine environment 12. Peptides with antiviral activities 13. Peptide antibiotics against MDR bacteria 14. Antimicrobial peptide resistance 15. Recent advances and challenges in peptide drug development 16. Future perspective of peptide antibiotic market

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSECTION I Introduction 1 Overview of Medical Microbiology SECTION II Bacteria 2 Introduction to Bacteria 3 Aerobic Gram-Positive Cocci 4 Aerobic Gram-Positive Rods 5 Acid-Fast Bacteria 6 Aerobic Gram-Negative Cocci and Coccobacilli 7 Aerobic Fermentative Gram-Negative Rods 8 Aerobic Non-fermentative Gram-Negative Rods 9 Anaerobic Bacteria 10 Spiral Shaped Bacteria 11 Intracellular Bacteria SECTION III Viruses 12 Introduction to Viruses 13 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses 14 Human Herpes Viruses 15 Respiratory Viruses 16 Hepatitis Viruses 17 Gastrointestinal Viruses 18 Human Papilloma Virus SECTION IV Fungi 19 Introduction to Fungi 20 Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Fungi 21 Systemic Dimorphic Fungi 22 Opportunistic Fungi SECTION V Parasites 23 Introduction to Parasites 24 Protozoa 25 Nematodes 26 Trematodes 27 Cestodes 28 Arthropods SECTION VI Clinical Cases-Introduction to Infectious Diseases 29 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 30 Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 31 Gastrointestinal Tract Infections 32 Genitourinary Tract Infections 33 Central Nervous System Infections 34 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections 35 Sepsis and Cardiovascular Infections 36 Miscellaneous Infections Index

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Book SynopsisPraised forits clarity of presentation and accessibility, Introduction to Modern Virology has been a successful student text for over 30 years.Table of ContentsPreface xvii About the companion website xix Part I The Nature of Viruses 1 Chapter 1 Towards a definition of a virus 3 1.1 Discovery of viruses 4 1.2 Multiplication of viruses 5 1.3 The virus multiplication cycle 6 1.4 Viruses can be defined in chemical terms 7 1.5 Multiplication of bacterial and animal viruses is fundamentally similar 10 1.6 Viruses can be manipulated genetically 11 1.7 Properties of viruses 11 1.8 Origin of viruses 12 Key points 12 Further reading 12 Chapter 2 The structure of virus particles 13 2.1 Virus particles are constructed from subunits 13 2.2 The structure of filamentous viruses and nucleoproteins 14 2.3 The structure is of isometric virus particles 15 2.4 Enveloped (membrane-bound) virus particles 24 2.5 Virus particles with head-tail morphology 27 2.6 Frequency of occurrence of different virus particle morphologies 28 2.7 Principles of disassemply: virus particles are metastable 28 Key points 29 Further reading 29 Chapter 3 Classification of viruses 30 3.1 Classification on the basis of disease 30 3.2 Classification on the basis of host organism 31 3.3 Classification on the basis of virus particle morphology 31 3.4 Classification on the basis of viral nucleic acids 32 3.5 Classification on the basis of taxonomy 34 3.6 Satellites, viroids and prions 35 Key points 37 Further reading 38 Chapter 4 The evolution of viruses 39 4.1 Mechanisms of virus evolution 40 4.2 The potential for rapid evolution: mutation and quasispecies 40 4.3 Rapid evolution: recombination 43 4.4 Rapid evolution: reassortment 43 4.5 Evolution to find a host, and subsequent co-evolution with the host 46 Key points 51 Questions 51 Further reading 51 Chapter 5 Techniques for studying viruses 52 5.1 Culturing wild virus isolates 52 5.2 Enumeration of viruses 54 5.3 Measuring infectious virus titres 55 5.4 Measuring physical virus titres 57 5.5 Detecting virus in a sample 58 5.6 Understanding virus replication cycles 62 5.7 Viral genetics and reverse genetics 63 5.8 Systems-level virology 63 Key points 65 Questions 65 Further reading 65 Part II Virus Growth in Cells 67 Chapter 6 The process of infection: I. Virus attachment and entry into cells 69 6.1 Infection of animal cells: the nature and importance of receptors 69 6.2 Infection of animal cells: enveloped viruses 73 6.3 Infection of animal cells: non-enveloped viruses 78 6.4 Infection of plant cells 80 6.5 Infection of bacteria 81 6.6 Infection of cells: post-entry events 82 6.7 Virus entry: cell culture and the whole organism 84 Key points 84 Questions 84 Further reading 85 Chapter 7 The process of infection: IIA. The replication of viral DNA 86 7.1 The universal mechanism of DNA synthesis 87 7.2 Replication of circular double-stranded DNA genomes 90 7.3 Replication of linear double-stranded DNA genomes that can form circles 93 7.4 Replication of linear double-stranded DNA genomes that do not circularize 96 7.5 Replication of single-stranded circular DNA genomes 100 7.6 Replication of single-stranded linear DNA genomes 100 7.7 Dependency versus autonomy among DNA viruses 103 Key points 103 Questions 103 Further reading 103 Chapter 8 The process of infection: IIB. Genome replication in RNA viruses 105 8.1 Nature and diversity of RNA virus genomes 106 8.2 Regulatory elements for RNA virus genome synthesis 106 8.3 Synthesis of the RNA genome of Baltimore class 3 viruses 111 8.4 Synthesis of the RNA genome of Baltimore class 4 viruses 111 8.5 Synthesis of the RNA genome of Baltimore class 5 viruses 115 8.6 Synthesis of the RNA genome of viroids and hepatitis delta virus 118 Key points 119 Questions 119 Further reading 119 Chapter 9 The process of infection: IIC. The replication of RNA viruses with a DNA intermediate and vice versa 121 9.1 The retrovirus replication cycle 122 9.2 Discovery of reverse transcription 122 9.3 Retroviral reverse transcriptase 123 9.4 Mechanism of retroviral reverse transcription 125 9.5 Integration of retroviral DNA into cell DNA 128 9.6 Production of retrovirus progeny genomes 130 9.7 Spumaviruses: retrovirus with unusual features 131 9.8 The hepadnavirus replication cycle 131 9.9 Mechanism of hepadnavirus reverse transcription 131 9.10 Comparing reverse transcribing viruses 134 Key points 134 Questions 134 Further reading 135 Chapter 10 The process of infection: IIIA. Gene expression in DNA viruses and reverse-transcribing viruses 136 10.1 The DNA viruses and retroviruses: Baltimore classes 1, 2, 6 and 7 137 10.2 Polyomaviruses 138 10.3 Papillomaviruses 142 10.4 Adenoviruses 144 10.5 Herpesviruses 147 10.6 Poxviruses 149 10.7 Parvoviruses 149 10.8 Retroviruses 150 10.9 Hepadnaviruses 153 10.10 DNA bacteriophages 154 Key points 154 Questions 155 Further reading 155 Chapter 11 The process of infection: IIIB. Gene expression and its regulation in RNA viruses 156 11.1 The RNA viruses: Baltimore classes 3, 4 and 5 157 11.2 Reoviruses 158 11.3 Picornaviruses 163 11.4 Alphaviruses 164 11.5 Coronaviruses 166 11.6 Negative sense RNA viruses with segmented genomes 169 11.7 Orthomyxoviruses 169 11.8 Arenaviruses 173 11.9 Negative sense RNA viruses with non-segmented, single stranded genomes: rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses 174 Key points 177 Questions 178 Further reading 178 Chapter 12 The process of infection: IV. The assembly of viruses 179 12.1 Self-assembly from mature virion components 180 12.2 Assembly of viruses with a helical structure 180 12.3 Assembly of viruses with an isometric structure 184 12.4 Assembly of complex viruses 187 12.5 Sequence-dependent and -independent packaging of virus DNA in virus particles 189 12.6 The assembly of enveloped viruses 190 12.7 Segmented virus genomes: the acquisition of multiple nucleic acid molecules 194 12.8 Maturation of virus particles 195 Key points 196 Questions 197 Further reading 197 Part III Virus Interactions with the Whole Organism 199 Chapter 13 Innate and intrinsic immunity 201 13.1 Innate immune responses in vertebrates – discovery of interferon 202 13.2 Induction of type 1 interferon responses 203 13.3 Virus countermeasures to innate immunity 207 13.4 TRIM proteins and immunity 209 13.5 Intrinsic resistance to viruses in vertebrates 210 13.6 Innate and intrinsic immunity and the outcome of infection 212 13.7 RNAi is an important antiviral mechanism in invertebrates and plants 212 13.8 Detecting and signalling infection in invertebrates and plants 214 13.9 Virus resistance mechanisms in bacteria and archaea 215 Key points 216 Questions 217 References 217 Chapter 14 The adaptive immune response 218 14.1 General features of the adaptive immune system 219 14.2 Cell-mediated immunity 221 14.3 Antibody-mediated humoral immunity 226 14.4 Virus evasion of adaptive immunity 232 14.5 Age and adaptive immunity 233 14.6 Interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems 233 Key points 234 Questions 236 Further reading 236 Chapter 15 Interactions between animal viruses and cells 237 15.1 Acutely cytopathogenic infections 238 15.2 Persistent infections 238 15.3 Latent infections 241 15.4 Transforming infections 243 15.5 Abortive infections 243 15.6 Null infections 244 15.7 How do animal viruses kill cells? 244 Key points 246 Questions 247 Further reading 247 Chapter 16 Animal virus–host interactions 248 16.1 Cause and effect: Koch’s postulates 248 16.2 A classification of virus–host interactions 249 16.3 Acute infections 252 16.4 Subclinical infections 253 16.5 Persistent and chronic infections 254 16.6 Latent infections 256 16.7 Slowly progressive diseases 257 16.8 Virus-induced tumours 258 Key points 259 Questions 260 Further reading 260 Chapter 17 Mechanisms in virus latency 261 17.1 The latent interaction of virus and host 261 17.2 Gene expression and the lytic and lysogenic life of bacteriophage λ 263 17.3 Herpes simplex virus latency 270 17.4 Epstein-Barr virus latency 274 17.5 Latency in other herpesviruses 275 17.6 HIV-1 latency 277 Key points 277 Questions 278 Further reading 278 Chapter 18 Transmission of viruses 279 18.1 Virus transmission cycles 279 18.2 Barriers to transmission 281 18.3 Routes of horizontal transmission in animals 282 18.4 Vertical transmission 285 18.5 Vector-borne viruses and zoonotic transmission 287 18.6 Epidemiology of virus infections 289 18.7 Sustaining infection in populations 290 Key points 291 Questions 291 Further reading 291 Part IV Viruses and Human Disease 293 Chapter 19 Human viral disease: an overview 295 19.1 A survey of human viral pathogens 295 19.2 Factors affecting the relative incidence of viral disease 297 19.3 Factors determining the nature and severity of viral disease 299 19.4 Common signs and symptoms of viral infection 301 19.5 Acute viral infection 1: gastrointestinal infections 302 19.6 Acute viral infection 2: respiratory infections 304 19.7 Acute viral infection 3: systemic spread 306 19.8 Acute viral disease: conclusions 306 Key points 307 Questions 308 Further reading 308 Chapter 20 Influenza virus infection 309 20.1 The origins of human influenza viruses 309 20.2 Influenza virus replication 315 20.3 Influenza virus infection and disease 316 20.4 Virus determinants of disease 321 20.5 Host factors in influenza virus disease 322 20.6 The immune response and influenza virus 323 20.7 Anti-influenza treatment 324 Key points 325 Questions 326 Further reading 326 Chapter 21 HIV and AIDS 327 21.1 Origins and spread of the HIV pandemic 327 21.2 Molecular biology of HIV 330 21.3 HIV transmission and tropism 338 21.4 Course of HIV infection: pathogenesis and disease 339 21.5 Immunological abnormalities during HIV infection 342 21.6 Prevention and control of HIV infection 343 Key points 345 Questions 346 Further reading 346 Chapter 22 Viral hepatitis 347 22.1 The signs and symptoms of hepatitis 347 22.2 Hepatitis A virus infections 349 22.3 Hepatitis E virus infections 350 22.4 Hepatitis B virus infections 352 22.5 Hepatitis D virus infections 355 22.6 Hepatitis C virus infections 356 Key points 359 Questions 361 Further reading 361 Chapter 23 Vector-borne infections 362 23.1 Arboviruses and their hosts 362 23.2 Yellow fever virus 363 23.3 Dengue virus 367 23.4 Chikungunya virus 369 23.5 West Nile virus in the USA 372 Key points 375 Questions 375 Further reading 375 Chapter 24 Exotic and emerging viral infections 376 24.1 Ebola and Marburg viruses: emerging filoviruses 377 24.2 Hendra and Nipah viruses: emerging paramyxoviruses 381 24.3 SARS and MERS: emerging coronaviruses 383 24.4 Predicting the future: clues from analysis of the genomes of previously unknown viruses 386 Key points 386 Questions 386 Further reading 387 Chapter 25 Carcinogenesis and tumour viruses 388 25.1 Immortalization, transformation and tumourigenesis 389 25.2 Oncogenic viruses 390 25.3 Polyomaviruses, papillomaviruses and adenoviruses: the small DNA tumour viruses as experimental models 394 25.4 Papillomaviruses and human cancer 398 25.5 Polyomaviruses and human cancer 399 25.6 Herpesvirus involvement in human cancers 400 25.7 Retroviruses as experimental model tumour viruses 402 25.8 Retroviruses and naturally-occurring tumours 404 25.9 Hepatitis viruses and liver cancer 405 25.10 Prospects for the control of virus-associated cancers 406 Key points 407 Questions 408 Further reading 408 Chapter 26 Vaccines and immunotherapy: the prevention of virus diseases 409 26.1 The principles of vaccination 411 26.2 Whole virus vaccines 412 26.3 Advantages, disadvantages and difficulties associated with whole virus vaccines 415 26.4 Subunit vaccines 420 26.5 Advantages, disadvantages and difficulties associated with subunit vaccines 421 26.6 Considerations for the generation and use of vaccines 422 26.7 Adverse reactions and clinical complications with vaccines 423 26.8 Eradication of virus diseases by vaccination 425 26.9 Immunotherapy for virus infections 428 26.10 Adverse reactions and clinical complications with immunotherapy 429 Key points 429 Questions 430 Further reading 430 Chapter 27 Antiviral therapy 431 27.1 Scope and limitations of antiviral therapy 431 27.2 Antiviral therapy for herpesvirus infections 432 27.3 Antiviral therapy for influenza virus infections 434 27.4 Antiviral therapy for HIV infections 435 27.5 Antiviral therapy for hepatitis virus infections 439 27.6 Therapy for other virus infections 440 Key Points 441 Questions 441 Further Reading 442 Chapter 28 Prion diseases 443 28.1 The spectrum of prion diseases 443 28.2 The prion hypothesis 444 28.3 The aetiology of prion diseases 447 28.4 Prion disease pathogenesis 448 28.5 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 451 28.6 BSE and the emergence of variant CJD 453 28.7 Concerns about variant CJD in the future 454 28.8 Unresolved issues 455 Key points 456 Questions 456 Further reading 456 Part V Virology – The Wider Context 459 Chapter 29 The economic impact of viruses 461 29.1 The economics of virus infections of humans 462 29.2 The economics of virus infections of animals 464 29.3 The economics of virus infections of plants 466 29.4 The Netherlands tulip market crash 469 Key points 470 Further reading 470 Chapter 30 Recombinant viruses: making viruses work for us 472 30.1 Recombinant viruses as vaccines 473 30.2 Recombinant viruses for gene therapy 474 30.3 Retroviral vectors for gene therapy 476 30.4 Adenovirus vectors for gene therapy 478 30.5 Parvovirus vectors for gene therapy 480 30.6 Oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy 480 30.7 Recombinant viruses in the laboratory 482 Key points 482 Questions 482 Further reading 483 Chapter 31 Viruses: shaping the planet 484 31.1 Virus infections can give a host an evolutionary advantage 484 31.2 Endogenous retroviruses and host biology 485 31.3 Bacteriophage can be pathogenicity determinants for their hosts 488 31.4 Cyanophage impacts on carbon fixation and oceanic ecosystems 488 31.5 Virology and society: for good or ill 489 Key points 490 Questions 490 Further reading 490 Index 491

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Book SynopsisNeurovirology is an interdisciplinary field representing a melding of virology, clinical neuroscience, molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic virology, molecular biology, and immunology. Neuroviral Infections: General Principles and DNA Viruses covers recent developments in the area of neuroviral infections and discusses their role in related fields such as immunology, cell biology, and molecular biology. It offers a complete discussion of the major neuroviral infections caused by DNA viruses, including information on emerging basic principles, neuroviral infections, and future challenges in virology. Table of ContentsPrinciples of Viral Infections of the Nervous System: Neuroviral Infections: A Historical Perspective. Neuroviral Infections and Immunity. Controlling Neuroinflammation: Lessons from Rabies Virus. Laboratory Diagnosis of CNS Viral Infections. New Trends in Antiviral Therapy of CNS Infections. Animal Models of Viral Encephalitis. Neurotropic DNA Viruses and their Diseases: Herpes Simplex Virus and Human CNS Infections. CNS, Neurological Infections Caused by the Herpesvirus Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), and Models of VZV Neurotropism. Epstein–Barr Virus and CNS Infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection. Human Herpesvirus 6A, 6B, and 7 Encephalitis. The Human Polyomavirus JC and Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.

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Book SynopsisSepsis is one of the most frequent complications in the surgical patient and one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units. During the past two decades, a great deal has been learned about surgical bacteriology, antibiotic prophylaxis, supportive management, and the host response to microbial invasion. Sepsis can be caused by infection with gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, fungi (and particularly Candida), or viruses. Sepsis may also occur in the absence of detectable bacterial invasion, and in these cases, microbial toxins, particularly gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and endogenous cytokine production have been implicated as initiators and mediators. Although activation of the immune system during microbial invasion is generally protective, septic shock develops in a significant number of patients as a consequence of a poorly regulated immune response to the offending organism. Sepsis can be presented with a spectrum of severity. Septic shock represents the most severe form of host response to infection. The aim of this monograph is to summarise the currently available data regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, and optimal management of septic shock, with a particular emphasis on the role of source control in sepsis. Emerging therapies for septic shock are also discussed.

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Book SynopsisA great number of aerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive Bacillus species have been isolated on a number of occasions from a variety of terrestrial and deep-sea environments, including the Mariana Trench which has a depth of 10,897 m. Some of these Bacullus species are known to have various capabilities for adapting to extreme environments. In fact, Bacillus-related species can grow in a wide range of environments -- at pH 2-12, at temperatures between 5 and 78C, in salinity from 0 to 30% NaCl, and under pressures from 0.1 Mpa to at least 30 Mpa. The author is now exploring how these adaptive capabilities, as reflected in their genomes, were acquired and what intrinsic genomic structures are present in Bacillus-related species that have allowed them to adapt to such a wide range of environments. To answer these questions, the author initiated a genome sequencing project in early 1998 and have to present determined the entire genomic sequences of three extremophilic bacilli: alkaliphilic Bacillus halodurans, extremely halotolerant and alkaliphilic Oceanobacillus iheyensis, and thermophilic Geobacillus kaustophilus. The author provides the first comparative analysis of the extremophilic bacillar genomes with those of three other phylogenetically related mesophilic and neutrophilic bacilli, B. subtilis, B. anthracis and B. cereus, in order to highlight the commonality and diversity of the bacillar genome.

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Book SynopsisHow do bacteria dominate our lives? Do fungi have memory? Why did the proto-hippopotamus not reacquire gills? Offering fresh new angles on existence and what shapes it, join Noga Wies on a fascinating adventure through the stuff of life itself.

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Book SynopsisMankind vs Microbes is part memoir, part history lesson in microbiology and infectious diseases. It is a compelling story written by one of the world's leading clinical microbiologists. Born in a poverty-stricken part of Pakistan, the author shares his personal life experience of infectious diseases, from Cholera to Covid, which he and his family members contracted during their lives. Despite his impoverished background, he pursues his dream of becoming a doctor. The book follows his journey through many struggles in his early life as he beats the odds to become a clinical microbiologist working across three continents and ultimately becoming one of the world's leading experts in infection prevention and control. Alongside the remarkable life story, the origins of each disease are explored utilising historical context and captivating accounts about the individuals who first fought against them. Scientific achievements and advances in infection prevention are presented in a succinct and engaging manner. The unique format allows the reader to dip in and out of any section, revealing fascinating facts about one man's lifetime commitment to fighting infections and highlighting how microbes have disrupted our lives since the dawn of mankind.

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Book SynopsisBacteriophages are viruses that utilise bacterial cells as factories for their own propagation and as safe havens for their genomic material. They are capable of equipping bacteria with properties that bestow environmental advantages. They are also capable of specifically and efficiently killing bacteria.Bacteriophages are resilient in a wide diversity of environments, presumed to be as ancient as life itself, and are estimated to be the most numerous biological entities on the planet. Their overarching capacity to survive via molecular adaptation is supported by an arsenal of encoded enzymatic tools, which also enabled biotechnology. This volume includes contributions that describe bacteriophages as nanomachines, genetic engineers, and also as medicines and technologies of the future, including relevant production and process issues.

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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a huge range and FREE tracked UK delivery on ALL orders.

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Book SynopsisThis book series focuses on current progress in the broad field of medical microbiology, and covers both basic and applied topics related to the study of microbes, their interactions with human and animals, and emerging issues relevant for public health. Original research and review articles present and discuss multidisciplinary findings and developments on various aspects of microbiology, infectious diseases, and their diagnosis, treatment and prevention.The book series publishes review and original research contributions, short reports as well as guest edited thematic book volumes. All contributions will be published online first and collected in book volumes. There are no publication costs.Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health is a subseries of Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, which has been publishing significant contributions in the field for over 30 years and is indexed in Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Biological Abstracts, CSA, Biological Sciences and Living Resources (ASFA-1), and Biological Sciences. 2020 Impact Factor: 2.622. 5 Year Impact Factor: 3.049; Cite Score: 3.9;Eigenfactor Score: 0.03583; Article Influence Score: 0.602Table of Contents1 Personalized nutrition for microbiota correction and metabolism restore in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Roman Rukavchuk roman.rukavchuk@uzhnu.edu.ua2 Beyond Bone: Infectious diseases and immunity in parathyroid disorders Valeria Hasenmajer valeria.hasenmajer@uniroma1.it 3 In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of biofilm-growing bacteria: current and emerging methods Giovanni Di Bonaventura gdibonaventura@unich.it 4 Antibiofilm Efficacy of Polihexanide, Octenidine and Sodium Hypochlorite/Hypochlorous Acid Based Wound Irrigation Solutions against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a Multispecies Biofilm Anne-Marie Salisbury anne-marie.salisbury@5dhpg.com; annemarie134@hotmail.co.uk 5 Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Collected from Inanimate Hospital Environments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Shemse Sebre shemse.sebre@aau.edu.et6 Distribution and Antibiotics Resistance Pattern of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistance Staphylococcus aureus in Southwestern Nigeria Ibukunoluwa Olayinka Oginni ibukunoginni2015@yahoo.com7 Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Diagnosis of a Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Presenting as Fulminant Hepatitis: A Case Report + ERRATUM Giovanna Cenacchi giovanna.cenacchi@unibo.it8 Antimicrobial Activity of Xibornol and a Xibornol-Based Formulation Against Gram-Positive Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract Francesco Celandroni francesco.celandroni@dps.unipi.it9 Achille Sclavo (1861-1930) and his innovative contributions to Italian preventive medicine and healthcare policy Mariano Martini mariano.yy@gmail.com10 The magnitude of Carbapenemase and ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients with Urinary Tract Infections at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Aminu Seman aminumifta54@gmail.com

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Book SynopsisForeword.- Allergy & Co.: The New Diseases of Civilization .- How our lives have changed.- From the hygiene hypothesis to the biodiversity hypothesis.- Humans and the microbiome: We are Many.- Inflammatory diseases.- More care for our inner ecosystem!- Appendix.

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Book SynopsisThis Series will provide microbiologists, hygienists, epidemiologists and infectious diseases specialists with well-chosen contributed volumes containing updated information in the areas of basic and applied microbiology involving relevant issues for public health, including bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections, zoonoses and anthropozoonoses, environmental and food microbiology. The increasing threat of the multidrug-resistant microorganisms and the related host immune response, the new strategies for the treatment of biofilm-based, acute and chronic microbial infections, as well as the development of new vaccines and more efficacious antimicrobial drugs to prevent and treat human and animal infections will be also reviewed in this series in the light of the most recent achievements in these fields. Special attention will be devoted to the fast diffusion worldwide of the new findings of the most advanced translational researches carried out in the different fields of microbiological sciences, with the aim to promote a prompt validation and transfer at clinical level of the most promising experimental results.Table of ContentsOverview of the antimicrobial activity of 19 essential oilsNaouel Chaftar*, Marion Girardot, Jérôme Labanowski, Tawfik Ghrairi, Khaled Hani, Jacques Frère, Christine Imbert Refractory Trichophyton rubrum infections in Turin, Italy: a problem still present Vivian Tullio, Ornella Cervetti, Janira Roana, Michele Panzone, Daniela Scalas, Chiara Merlino, Valeria Allizond, Giuliana Banche, Narcisa Mandras, Anna Maria Cuffini* Antioxidant hydroxytyrosol-based polyacrylate with antimicrobial and antiadhesive activity versus Staphylococcus epidermidis Fernanda Crisante, Vincenzo Taresco, Gianfranco Donelli, Claudia Vuotto; Andrea Martinelli, Lucio D’Ilario, Loris Pietrelli, Iolanda Francolini*, Antonella Piozzi* The role of human Herpesvirus 8 in diabetes mellitus type 2: state of the art and a medical hypothesis Raffaello Pompei Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on data collected by a network of clinical microbiology laboratories, in Italy Maria Cristina Salfa*, Barbara Suligoi and Italian STI Laboratory-based Surveillance Working Group β-defensins: work in progress Giovanna Donnarumma*, Iole Paoletti, Alessandra Fusco, Brunella Perfetto, Elisabetta Buommino, Adone Baroni Emergence of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 (ST131) and ST3948 with KPC-2, KPC-3 and KPC-8 carbapenemases from a Long-Term Care and Rehabilitation Facility (LTCRF) in Northern Italy. Aurora Piazza, Mariasofia Caltagirone, Ibrahim Bitar, Elisabetta Nucleo, Melissa Spalla, Elena Fogato, Roberto D’Angelo, Laura Pagani, Roberta Migliavacca* Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: results of a laboratory surveillance program in an Italian General Hospital (August 2014-January 2015) Claudia Monari, Luca Merlini, Emanuela Nardelli, Maria Cacioni, Antonella Repetto, Antonella Mencacci, Anna Vecchiarelli* A snapshot of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains in Croatia Ljiljana Zmak*, Mihaela Obrovac, Vera Katalinic-Jankovic Quorum quenching strategy targeting gram-positive pathogenic bacteria Ravindra Pal Singh, Said E. Desouky, Jiro Nakayama*

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Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on antibiotics research, a field of topical significance for human health due to the worrying increase of nosocomial infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria. It covers several basic aspects, such as the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the influence of antibiotics on the gut microbiota, and addresses the search for novel pathogenicity blockers as well as historical aspects of antibiotics. Further topics include applied aspects, such as drug discovery based on biodiversity and genome mining, optimization of lead structures by medicinal chemistry, total synthesis and drug delivery technologies. Moreover, the development of vaccines as a valid alternative therapeutic approach is outlined, while the importance of epidemiological studies on important bacterial pathogens, the problems arising from the excessive use of antibiotics in animal breeding, and the development of innovative technologies for diagnosing the “bad bugs” are discussed in detail. Accordingly, the book will appeal to researchers and clinicians alike.Table of Contents

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Book SynopsisThis Volume presents a comprehensive series of generic protocols for the genetic and genomic analysis of prokaryotic isolates. Genetic methods for functional analyses employ the latest cloning vectors, gene fusion methods and transposon mutagenesis systems, as well as systems for introducing protease-cleavage sequences into permissive sites in proteins under investigation. Genomic methods described include protocols for transcriptomics, shotgun proteomics, interactomics, metabolic profiling, and lipidomics. Bioinformatic tools for genome annotation, transcriptome display and the integration of transcriptomic data into genome-scale metabolic reconstructions are described. Protocols for 13C-based metabolic flux determinations and analysis of the hierarchical and metabolic regulation of fluxes through pathways are included. The Volume thus enables investigators to functionally analyse an isolate over the entire cellular range spanning the gene, the genome, the transcript repertoire, the proteome, the interactome, the metabolic network with its nodes and their regulatory hierarchies, and the metabolic fluxes and their physiological controls.Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology ProtocolsThere are tens of thousands of structurally different hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives and lipids, and a wide array of these molecules are required for cells to function. The global hydrocarbon cycle, which is largely driven by microorganisms, has a major impact on our environment and climate. Microbes are responsible for cleaning up the environmental pollution caused by the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and will also be pivotal in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels by providing biofuels, plastics and industrial chemicals. Gaining an understanding of the relevant functions of the wide range of microbes that produce, consume and modify hydrocarbons and related compounds will be key to responding to these challenges. This comprehensive collection of current and emerging protocols will facilitate acquisition of this understanding and exploitation of useful activities of such microbes.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Broadening the SEVA plasmid repertoire to facilitate genomic editing of Gram-negative bacteria.- Protocols on regulation of gene expression.- Ultra-high-throughput transposon scanning of bacterial genomes.- Knock-in-leave-behind (KILB): Genetic grafting of protease-cleaving sequences into permissive sites of proteins with a Tn5-based transposition system.- Deep sequencing to study microbial transcriptomic responses to hydrocarbon degradation/production/stress.- Shotgun proteomics for hydrocarbon microbiology.- Interactomic characterization of membrane-associated mega-complexes for the anaerobic respiration in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.- Lipidomic analysis of bacteria by thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.- Accurate microbial genome annotation using an integrated and user-friendly environment for community expertise of gene functions: the MicroScope platform.- Approaches for displaying complete transcriptomes of environmental bacteria.- A practical protocol for integration of transcriptomics data into genome-scale metabolic reconstructions.- GC-MS based determination of mass isotopomer distributions for 13C-based metabolic flux analysis.- Analysis of the hierarchical and metabolic regulation of flux through metabolic pathways.

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Book SynopsisThe common cold is unlike any other human disease because of two f- tors: firstly, it is arguably the most common human disease and, secondly, it is one of the most complex diseases because of the number of viruses that cause the familiar syndrome of sneezing, sore throat, runny nose and nasal congestion. These two factors have made a ‘cure’ for the common cold one of the most difficult scientific and clinical endeavours (a topic often d- cussed in the popular media, where comparisons are made with the ease of putting a man on the moon). The present book brings together a wide range of experts from epidemiologists to virologists and pharmacologists to look at recent advances in our knowledge of the common cold. In some respects the book is unique, as it focuses on the common cold, a syndrome so familiar to the layperson but one that receives little attention from the scientist and clinician. The common cold can be viewed from many different aspects as illustrated in Figure 1. The core knowledge for understanding the common cold must first come from virology and this is discussed in several chapters of the book. There have been major advances in this field because of the use of new methods of detecting viruses such as polymerase chain reaction techniques that have greatly aided our understanding of the epidemiology of viruses associated with common cold.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews: “This is an interesting and comprehensive monograph on the syndrome familiar to us all as ‘the common cold’. … the editors have generally avoided repetition and many of the chapters are data-rich, with good overviews of the epidemiology and treatments, many of which are refreshingly up-to-date. … The book also contains a wealth of useful background information on the economic and societal impact of the common cold, and is recommended for institutional purchase.” (David J. Evans, Microbiology Today, August, 2010)Table of ContentsA short history of the common cold.- Mechanisms of symptoms of common cold and flu.- Common respiratory infections diagnosed in general practice.- Epidemiology.- The role of viruses in the etiology and pathogenesis of common cold.- Etiology of the common cold: Modulating factors.- Host defenses.- Transmission of colds.- Interventions to prevent transmission of the common cold.- Antivirals for the common cold.- Antibiotic use for common cold.- Over the counter medicines for colds.- Vitamins and minerals.- Herbal, traditional and alternative remedies.

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Book SynopsisThis important book covers the structure and molecular biology of small round structured viruses (SSRVs) such as caliciviruses and astroviruses, and the basic pathology of infection. It provides readers with the knowledge needed to make progress in the prevention and treatment of these infections.Table of ContentsIntroduction (M. Estes). Gastroenteritis Viruses: An Overview (R. Glass, et al.). Structural Studies on Gastroenteritis Viruses (B. Prasad, et al.). Early Events of Rotavirus Infection: The Search for the Receptor(s) (C. Arias, et al.). Rotavirus RNA Replication and Gene Expression (J. Patton). Pathogenesis of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (M. Estes, et al.). Correlates of Protection Against Rotavirus Infection and Disease (P. Offit). Rotavirus Epidemiology and Surveillance (U. Desselberger, et al.). A Rotavirus Vaccine for Prevention of Severe Diarrhoea of Infants and Young Children: Development, Utilization and Withdrawal (A. Kapikian). The Molecular Biology of Human Caliciviruses (I. Clarke & P. Lambden). Molecular Epidemiology of Human Enteric Caliciviruses in The Netherlands (M. Koopmans, et al.). Molecular Biology of Astroviruses: Selected Highlights (S. Matsui, et al.). Molecular Epidemiology of Human Astroviruses (S. Monroe, et al.). Enteric Infections with Coronaviruses and Toroviruses (K. Holmes). Viruses Causing Diarrhoea in AIDS (R. Pollok). Treatment of Gestrointestinal Viruses (M. Farthing). Summing-Up (M. Estes). Index of Contributors. Subject Index.

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Book SynopsisInterspersed with cartoons which are simultaneously educational and amusing, this reference examines the principles of bacteriology. It has been designed as a handbook to give medical students ready access to all types of bacteria and their treatment.Table of ContentsPartial table of contents: Classification of Bacteria. Ecology and Spread of Bacteria. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections. Laboratory Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections. Antimicrobial Agents. Sterilisation and Disinfection. Immunisation Against Bacterial Infections. Clinical Syndromes. The Stapylococci. Bacillus Species. Listeria. The Clostridia. Treponema Species. Borrelia Species. Legionella. Brucella Species. Franciscella, Yersinia and Pasteurella Species. Coliforms, Pseudomonads and Allied Organisms. Salmonella Species. Shigella Species. Vibrios. Helicobacter Pylori. Bacteroides Species. The Mycobacteria. The Mycoplasmas. The Chlamydiae. The Rickettsiae. Index.

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