Description
Book SynopsisBased on a symposium covering latest research, this volume contains contributions by international experts. Some of the chapters cover specifically: streptococci and rheumatic heart disease, Epstein-Barr infection and cancer, and molecular mimicry and autoimmune disease.
Table of ContentsIntroduction: HLA, Plagues and People.- Section I: Autoimmune and Immunopathological Diseases.- 1 Streptococci and Rheumatic Heart Disease.- Antigens of the Streptococcal Cell.- The Cell Membrane.- Muramyl Peptide Peptidoglycans.- Group A Carbohydrate.- Lipoteichoic Acids.- M Protein.- Hyaluronate Capsule.- Rheumatogenic Streptococci.- Rheumatogenic Characteristics.- The Resurgence of ARF in the United States.- Streptococcal Antigens Cross-reactive with Human Tissues.- Autoantibodies and ARF.- Other Antibodies of Special Interest.- Cell-Mediated Immune Responses.- Host Factors.- Summary and Conclusions.- 2 Viruses and Myocarditis.- The Role of Coxsackie Viruses in Heart Disease.- Coxsackie-Induced Myocarditis.- Myosin-Induced Myocarditis in Mice.- Implications for Human Myocarditis.- Summary.- 3 The Role of Environmental Factors in Modulating Insulin Dependent Diabetes.- Insights From Animal Models.- The BioBreeding Rat.- The Non-obese Diabetic Mouse.- Environmental Modulation of Penetrance of Diabetogenic Susceptibility Genes in NOD Mice.- Environmental Factors as Biological Response Modifiers.- Viruses.- Bacterial Products.- Diabetogenic Catalysts in Natural Ingredient Diets.- Isolation of Diabetogenic Catalysts.- Mechanism of Action of Diabetogenic Catalysts.- Summary and Conclusions.- 4 The Role of the Microflora in Graft-versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.- Microflora and Graft-versus-Host Disease in Mice.- Fetal Gut Implants.- Preclinical Studies in Rhesus Monkeys.- Clinical Bone Marrow Transplantation.- The Underlying Mechanism.- Summary.- Section II: Malignancies.- 5 Human T Lymphotropic Retroviruses: Pathological Consequences of Infection.- Human Retroviruses: Some General Comments.- HTLV-I and T Cell Leukaemias and Lymphomas.- The Mechanisms of HTLV-I Replication and Induction of Leukaemia.- HTLV-I and Neurological Disease.- HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS.- Immune Impairment.- Kaposi’s Sarcoma.- 6 Viruses, Oncogenes and Cancer.- Cellular Oncogenes and Cancer.- The Role of Ras Oncogenes in Human Neoplasia.- Transformation and Oncogenesis by Human Adenoviruses.- 7 Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Cancer.- Rationale for an EB Virus Vaccine.- Elaboration and Validation of a Prototype Subunit Vaccine.- Assessment of Vaccines for Use in Man.- A First Generation MA gp340 Vaccine for Human Trials.- Human Trials.- Final Comment.- Section III: Mechanisms and their Implications for Prevention and Therapy.- 8 Chronic Infection, Immunopathology and Immune Suppression.- V-TcR Gene Entry and Exit.- MHC Gene Entry and Exit.- HLA-DQ and H-2E.- 9 What Drives Autoantibodies? The Evidence From Spontaneous Human Autoimmune Diseases.- The Character of the Autoantibodies.- The Nature of the Antigen.- 10 What are the Immunogens That Incite the Autoantibodies of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?.- Anti-DNA Antibodies.- Autoantibodies Against Ribonuclear Proteins.- Autoantigen-Limiting Idiotypes Stimulate the Production of Autoantibodies.- 11 Inappropriate HLA Molecule Expression in Epithelial Cells: Relevance for Human Autoimmunity.- “Inappropriate” Expression of HLA Class II Molecules in Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases.- Can Class II Positive Epithelial/Endocrine Cells Function as Classical Antigen-Presenting Cells?.- Are There Any Lessons From Transgenic Mice?.- How is MHC Molecule Expression in Endocrine Cells Triggered and Regulated?.- Are Cytokines Responsible?.- Is Inappropriate HLA Class II Expression in Endocrine Cells a Primary or a Secondary Event?.- What Role do Cytokines Play in Endocrine Autoimmunity in General?.- Is There a Role for Viruses in Human Endocrine Autoimmunity?.- The Growing Role of Endothelial Cells in Autoimmunity.- Is There a Decisive Role for Cytotoxic Cells?.- Inappropriate Expression of HLA Class II Molecules in Endocrine Cells: Reviving our Model for Autoimmunity.- 12 Molecular Mimicry in Autoimmune Disease.- Molecular Mimicry.- Experimental Models.- Diseases in Man.- Concluding Remarks.- 13 A Heat Shock Protein, Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmunity.- Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmunity.- Adjuvant Arthritis.- A T Cell Strategy.- The 65 kDa Heat Shock Protein.- Where is the Arthritogenic Mimicry?.- Hsp65 is Immunologically Dominant.- Regulation of Anti-hsp65 Cells.- Mimicry in Reverse.- 14 What Do Human T Cells See in the Mycobacterial 65 kDa Heat Shock Protein?.- and Summary.- No Bias Towards or Away From Self-Like Epitopes.- Cross-reactivity With Self May Be Predicted from the Sequence.- HLA Class II Ir Genes and Immunopathology: Lessons from Leprosy.- HLA Class II Ir Genes and Regulation of T Cell Reactivity to the 65 kDa Heat Shock Protein.
