Geographical information systems Books

Book SynopsisThis is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their research. It will allow readers to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis introduces spatial data handling using the open source software Quantum GIS (QGIS). In addition, readers will be guided through their first steps in the R programming language. The authors explain the fundamentals of spatial data handling and analysis, empowering the reader to turn data acquired in the field into actual spatial data. Readers will learn to process and analyse spatial data of different types and interpret the data and results. After finishing this book, readers will be able to address questions such as “What is the distance to the border of the protected area?”, “Which points are located close to a road?”, “Which fraction of land cover types exist in my study area?” using different software and techniques. This book is for novice spatial data users and does not assume any prior knowledge of spatial data itself or practical experience working with such data sets. Readers will likely include student and professional ecologists, geographers and any environmental scientists or practitioners who need to collect, visualize and analyse spatial data. The software used is the widely applied open source scientific programs QGIS and R. All scripts and data sets used in the book will be provided online at book.ecosens.org. This book covers specific methods including: what to consider before collecting in situ data how to work with spatial data collected in situ the difference between raster and vector data how to acquire further vector and raster data how to create relevant environmental information how to combine and analyse in situ and remote sensing data how to create useful maps for field work and presentations how to use QGIS and R for spatial analysis how to develop analysis scripts Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction and overview 1.1 Spatial data 1.2 First spatial data analysis 1.3 Next steps Part I. Data acquisition, data preparation and map creation 2. Data acquisition 2.1 Spatial data for a research question 2.2 AOI 2.3 Thematic raster map acquisition 2.4 Thematic vector map acquisition 2.5 Satellite sensor data acquisition 2.6 Summary and further reading 3. Data preparation 3.1 Deciding on a projection 3.2 Reprojecting raster and vector layers 3.3 Clipping to an AOI 3.4 Stacking raster layers 3.5 Visualizing a raster stack as RGB 3.6 Summary and further reading 4. Creating maps 4.1 Maps in QGIS 4.2 Maps for presentations 4.3 Maps with statistical information 4.4 Common mistakes and recommendations 4.5 Summary and further reading Part II. Spatial field data acquisition and auxiliary data 5. Field data planning and preparation 5.1 Field sampling strategies 5.2 From GIS to global positioning system (GPS) 5.3 On-screen digitization 5.4 Summary and further reading6. Field sampling using a global positioning system (GPS) 97 6.1 GPS in the field 98 6.2 GPX from GPS 101 6.3 Summary 102 7. From global positioning system (GPS) to geographic information system (GIS) 103 7.1 Joint coordinates and measurement sheet 104 7.2 Separate coordinates and measurement sheet 105 7.3 Point measurement to information 106 7.4 Summary 108 Part III. Data analysis and new spatial information 8. Vector data analysis 110 8.1 Percentage area covered 114 8.2 Spatial distances 118 8.3 Summary and further analyses 121 9. Raster analysis 122 9.1 Spectral landscape indices 122 9.2 Topographic indices 128 9.3 Spectral landscape categories 128 9.4 Summary and further analysis 133 10. Raster-vector intersection 134 10.1 Point statistics 135 10.2 Zonal statistics 136 10.3 Summary 138 Part IV. Spatial coding 11. Introduction to coding 140 11.1 Why use the command line and what is ‘R’? 140 11.2 Getting started 142 11.3 Your very first command 142 11.4 Classes of data 144 11.5 Data indexing (subsetting) 145 11.6 Importing and exporting data 147 11.7 Functions 148 11.8 Loops 149 11.9 Scripts 149 11.10 Expanding functionality 150 11.11 Bugs, problems and challenges 151 11.12 Notation 152 11.13 Summary and further reading 15212. Getting started with spatial coding 153 12.1 Spatial data in R 153 12.2 Importing and exporting data 158 12.3 Modifying spatial data 162 12.4 Downloading spatial data from within R 166 12.5 Organization of spatial analysis scripts 170 12.6 Summary 171 13. Spatial analysis in R 172 13.1 Vegetation indices 172 13.2 Digital elevation model (DEM) derivatives 174 13.3 Classification 175 13.4 Raster-vector interaction 179 13.5 Calculating and saving aggregated values 182 13.6 Summary and further reading 184 14. Creating graphs in R 185 14.1 Aggregated environmental information 185 14.2 Non-aggregated environmental information 189 14.3 Finalizing and saving the plot 194 14.4 Summary and further reading 195 15. Creating maps in R 196 15.1 Vector data 197 15.2 Plotting study area data 202 15.3 Summary and further reading 206 Afterword and acknowledgements 207 References 209 Index 210

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Book SynopsisThis is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their daily work. It will allow ecologists to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. All practical examples in this book rely on OpenSource software and freely available data sets. Quantum GIS (QGIS) is introduced for basic GIS data handling, and in-depth spatial analytics and statistics are conducted with the software packages R and GRASS. Readers will learn how to apply remote sensing within ecological research projects, how to approach spatial data sampling and how to interpret remote sensing derived products. The authors discuss a wide range of statistical analyses with regard to satellite data as well as specialised topics such as time-series analysis. Extended scripts on how to create professional looking maps and graphics are also provided. This book is a valuable resource for students and scientists in the fields of conservation and ecology interested in learning how to get started in applying remote sensing in ecological research and conservation planning.Trade ReviewRemote Sensing and GIS for Ecologists could become an essential undergraduate-level textbook, but it is also a guide to practising ecologists who want to broaden their toolkit. * Conservation Biology *We recommend this book not only as an interesting and informative guide to remote sensing concepts, but also as a vehicle to quickly delve into hands-on processing and analysis of remote sensing data to answer many questions relevant to landscape ecologists. -- Danica Schaffer-Smith and Jennifer J. Swenson * Landscape Ecology *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Spatial Data and Software 2 Introduction to Remote Sensing and GIS 3 Where to Obtain Spatial Data? 4 Spatial Data Analysis for Ecologists: First Steps 5 Pre-Processing Remote Sensing Data 6 Field Data for Remote Sensing Data Analysis 7 From Spectral to Ecological Information 8 Land Cover or Image Classification Approaches 9 Land Cover Change or Change Detection 10 Continuous Land Cover Information 11 Time Series Analysis 12 Spatial Land Cover Pattern Analysis 13 Modelling Species Distributions 14 Introduction to the added value of Animal Movement Analysis and Remote Sensing Outlook and Acknowledgements Index

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Book SynopsisA lavishly illustrated reference guide, Cartography. by Kenneth Field is an inspiring and creative companion along the nonlinear journey toward making a great map. This sage compendium for contemporary mapmakers distills the essence of cartography into useful topics, organized for convenience in finding the specific idea or method you need. Unlike books targeted to deep scholarly discourse of cartographic theory, this book provides sound, visually compelling information that translates into practical and useful tools for modern mapmaking. At the intersection of science and art, this book serves as a guidepost for designing an accurate and effective map.Trade Review"What Kenneth Field has created here is a brilliant reference book on behalf of our field of cartography. Finally! A book that truly represents Cartography in 2018." -- Christopher Wesson, The Bulletin of the Society of Cartographers * Christopher Wesson *"Read the book for pragmatic advice or to braden your horizon; for me, it did both." -- Menno-Jan Kraak, president of the International Cartographic Association (ICA); professor, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands; author of Mapping Time and coauthor of Cartography, Visualization of Geospatial Data * Menno-Jan Kraak *"An Impressively creative and useful scholarly contribution." -- Mark Monmonier, author of How to Lie with Maps, Distinguished Professor of Geography, Syracuse University, NY. * Mark Monmonier *Table of Contents Introduction Making maps is easy Making great maps is hard 1. Maps as Information Products The nature of an information product What is design? Trends in map design Functional design Designer, data and audience Engineers vs Designers vs Map Makers Simplicity and complexity Form and Function Dispersal and Layering Telling stories (metaphors and simile) Minimalism and efficiency Novelty or redundancy Data density Originality Emotional response Integrity Self-explanatory focus Wayfinding maps Experiential maps Numerical and statistical maps Production paradigms Viewing paradigms 2. Perceptions and Conventions The way the eye and brain works Vizualising for the mind Logically coding points Pictograms vs Icons vs Symbols Logically coding lines Logically coding areas Connotations of form Connotations of colour Mixing and using colours Colour constraints Connotations of value Working in greyscale Connotations of typeface Labelling hierarchies Making connections on the map Consistent denotation Innovation and familiarity Compare and contrast Ways of seeing Navigating the page Navigating the screen Navigating the mobile device Factual understanding vs Interpretation 3. Objective Dimensions Information overload Selection by feature type Selection by numbers Dimensional comparison Measurement of Earth Scale Distances Spheres and elipses Datums Latitude and longitude Geographic coordinates Projected coordinates Numerical integrity Making numbers meaningful Geographical distortions Projection distortions Projection families Choosing a good projection Compromising geographical form Geography as a diagram Measurement and proportions Absolute data Percentages, ratios and rates Comparatives Summarising data distributions Classifying data 4. Structure and Organisation Dispersal vs Layering Grids in information design Organisation and response Generalising features Styling features Graphical hierarchies Contrast Actors and support cast Repetition Proximity Balance Staging hierarchies Which way is up? Signs and pointers Focussing attention Distractions Language and phraseology Choosing a font Serif Sans serif Font efficiency: width, height, size Font efficiency: structure, form, direction, colour Typeface differentiation Legibility Type placement The small print (marginalia) 5. Pick’n’Map Choropleth Isarithmic Dot Density Binning Dasymetric Value by alpha Cartogram Flow Network mapping Schematic diagrams Isochrones Graduated Symbol Proportional Symbol Unique Values Bivariate mapping Multivariate mapping Embedded charts Small multiples Chernof Faces Proportional text 6. Different viewpoints Planimetric Panoramic Isometric Aspect Prism maps 3D isolines Mapping change Animation Dynamic variables Temporal 7. Going digital – the UI/UX challenge Map Mashups The 2 second rule Resolution Size Performance Responsive maps Interaction Capabilities Native v Browser apps Partial attention Time and day Inputs Connectivity Currency Personalising the map experience User testing Eye tracking Wireframes Workflow Prototypes Development technologies

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Book SynopsisEveryone likes maps and maps are always used to illustrate the many books on the Antarctic. Here the focus is reversed with contemporary maps telling the story – one that should be attractive to the widest audience as it is a unique approach complimenting what has gone before and providing something different for all interested in Antarctica.Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“Australia-based authors Clancy (Univ. of Newcastle), Manning (Monash Univ.), and Brolsma (Australian Antarctic Division) have produced a remarkable archive of maps of Antarctica with extensive annotation. … Annotations to each map, or group of maps, introduce fascinating detail rarely assembled in one place. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through researchers/faculty; general readers.” (J. D. Ives, Choice, Vol. 52 (6), February, 2015)“The fascinating book is about the discovery and exploration of Antarctica. … is a great read as it provides a comprehensive coverage of the story of Antarctica. It addresses a broad audience from modern cartographers as well as historic map collectors.” (bergbuch.info, March, 2014)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Concept: From Ptolemy to Cook.-Arctic and Antarctic regions are not Poles apart.- The Reality: Cook to the International Geographical Congress.- The Heroic Age: Heroes, Legends and Land.- Wings over the Continent: From Wilkins to War.- A Second World War and a New Order of Business.- Antarctica Comes of Age: Windows of the World (1960–2000).- Post–2000: A new concept of mapping.- Tourism: A different explorer.

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Book SynopsisYour learn-by-doing guide into ArcGIS, the powerful mapping and analysis system created by the geospatial pioneers of Esri, is not just something you read, but something you do. The ArcGIS Book: 10 Big Ideas about Applying The Science of Where™, and its companion website provide access to hundreds of live maps from the worldwide ArcGIS user community. In this second edition of The ArcGIS Book: 10 Big Ideas about Applying Geography to Your World, each big idea in the title is a chapter in the book about the ways that GIS technology can unlock your data to reveal deeper insights and a better understanding of virtually any problem with a geographic dimension.Visit the book website and click on any map to start exploring and learning. Then enable your own free Learn ArcGIS student account to create and share GIS maps and analytics that matter to you. Create beautiful Story Maps, mobile apps, web maps, and 3D scenes that you can share online.Each chapter ends with a lesson from the Learn ArcGIS catalog—authentic GIS activities based on real-world problem solving and data. By the end, you’ll be able to say you mapped the demographics of Detroit, created a historical Story Map, modeled the habitat of mountain lions in Los Angeles County, created an underwater 3D scene off the Florida coast, and much more.This revised and expanded book includes brand new lessons, close to 200 interactive examples, and membership in the Learn ArcGIS student organization. Get your free account and see this book come alive at TheArcGISBook.comTable of Contents Introduction How this book works Chapter 1 GIS Provides a Common Visual Framework Chapter 2 The Language of Geography Chapter 3 Tell Your Story Using a Map Chapter 4 Great Maps Need Great Data Chapter 5 The Importance of Where Chapter 6 Mapping the Third Dimension Chapter 7 The Power of Apps Chapter 8 Your GIS is Mobile Chapter 9 Mapping the Internet of Things Chapter 10 GIS is SocialResources for further study Contributors & acknowledgments Credits

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Book SynopsisExplore the beauty and awe of the heavens through the rich celestial prints and star atlases offered in this third edition book. The author traces the development of celestial cartography from ancient to modern times, describes the relationships between different star maps and atlases, and relates these notions to our changing ideas about humanity’s place in the universe. Also covered in this book are more contemporary cosmological ideas, constellation representations, and cartographic advances.The text is enriched with 226 images (141 in color) from actual, antiquarian celestial books and atlases, each one with an explanation of unique astronomical and cartographic features. This never-before-available hardcover edition includes two new chapters on pictorial style maps and celestial images in art, as well over 50 new images. Additionally, the color plates are now incorporated directly into the text, providing readers with a vibrant, immersive look into the history of star maps.Trade Review“I found this to be a very fascinating aspect of this comprehensive work. I have read a number of books on the history of celestial cartography, but none with the depth and wealth of information on this important part of the history of astronomy. … I highly recommend this book to students of the history of astronomy or anyone interested in observing the night sky.” (Robert Garfinkle, Journal of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Vol. 63 (4), 2021)“This third edition has certainly profited from the changes and additions, all of which ensure that Kanas’s work remains the primary reference compendium for celestial cartography, just as it continues to offer an enjoyable initiation into the history of astronomy.” (Thomas Horst and Luís Tirapicos, Imago Mundi, Vol. 73 (1), 2021)“As an often-awe-struck observer of the heavens and a map enthusiast who has always admired the beauty of celestial maps, I think Nick Kanas’s book is a useful resource for any collector of celestial maps, anyone with more than a passing or casual interest in astronomy, anyone with a keen interest in the history of astronomy and astronomical instruments, or any combination thereof.” (Gretchen Hause, The Portolan, Issue 110, Spring, 2021)“This is a work that contains many items of relevance to astronomers, who will find the illustrations of atlases and charts of particular interest, albeit with many failings in the text and descriptions. It is probably of more interest to collectors of antiquarian maps (and even they will have some problems using it).” (Storm Dunlop, The Observatory, Vol. 140 (1278), October, 2020)“You get a real bang for your buck with Kanas’s tome. Now in its third edition, the book is well written, thoroughly researched, and beautifully illustrated with 226 images (141 in color) from actual antiquarian books and atlases. … Star Maps should greatly appeal to amateur astronomers, map collectors, and historians of astronomy and art.” (Peter Tyson, Sky & Telescope, August, 2020)“Star Maps’s comprehensiveness, for all its jackdaw tendencies, is on balance a virtue. Like a curiosity shop packed to the rafters, it almost certainly has what you’re looking for tucked away somewhere.” (Jonathan Crowe, Calafia Journal, Issue 01, 2020)“Star Maps excels in the clarity of its writing, is highly accurate throughout, and will serve as the authoritative work on its subject for a very long time to come. This reviewer has a growing collection of astronomy books of well over a thousand in number now, and would include Star Maps as one among a small selection of books from his library he would say deserves to be read by every person interested in the history of astronomy.” (Alan Agrawal, Diablo Moonwatch, January, 2020)Table of ContentsPreface to Third Edition.- Foreword to First Edition.- Preface to First Edition.- Acknowledgments.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- List of abbreviations and acronyms.- Chapter 1: What is a star map?.- Chapter 2: Non-European cosmology and constellation development.- Chapter 3: European cosmology.- Chapter 4: European constellation development.- Chapter 5: Early European star maps.- Chapter 6: The "Big Four" of the Golden Age of imaged star maps.- Chapter 7: Other important star maps of the Golden Age.- Chapter 8: Special topics.- Chapter 9: Mapping the stars in early America.- Chapter 10: The transition to non-imaged star maps.- Chapter 11: Terrestrial and celestial pictorial maps.- Chapter 12: Celestial images in artistic paintings.- Appendices.- Appendix A: Collecting celestial maps and prints.- Appendix B: Supplementary reference catalog.- Appendix C: Indices of major constellation atlases.- Appendix D: The British Library "Kings's" edition.- Appendix E: Glossary.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their research. It will allow readers to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis introduces spatial data handling using the open source software Quantum GIS (QGIS). In addition, readers will be guided through their first steps in the R programming language. The authors explain the fundamentals of spatial data handling and analysis, empowering the reader to turn data acquired in the field into actual spatial data. Readers will learn to process and analyse spatial data of different types and interpret the data and results. After finishing this book, readers will be able to address questions such as “What is the distance to the border of the protected area?”, “Which points are located close to a road?”, “Which fraction of land cover types exist in my study area?” using different software and techniques. This book is for novice spatial data users and does not assume any prior knowledge of spatial data itself or practical experience working with such data sets. Readers will likely include student and professional ecologists, geographers and any environmental scientists or practitioners who need to collect, visualize and analyse spatial data. The software used is the widely applied open source scientific programs QGIS and R. All scripts and data sets used in the book will be provided online at book.ecosens.org. This book covers specific methods including: what to consider before collecting in situ data how to work with spatial data collected in situ the difference between raster and vector data how to acquire further vector and raster data how to create relevant environmental information how to combine and analyse in situ and remote sensing data how to create useful maps for field work and presentations how to use QGIS and R for spatial analysis how to develop analysis scripts Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction and overview 1.1 Spatial data 1.2 First spatial data analysis 1.3 Next steps Part I. Data acquisition, data preparation and map creation 2. Data acquisition 2.1 Spatial data for a research question 2.2 AOI 2.3 Thematic raster map acquisition 2.4 Thematic vector map acquisition 2.5 Satellite sensor data acquisition 2.6 Summary and further reading 3. Data preparation 3.1 Deciding on a projection 3.2 Reprojecting raster and vector layers 3.3 Clipping to an AOI 3.4 Stacking raster layers 3.5 Visualizing a raster stack as RGB 3.6 Summary and further reading 4. Creating maps 4.1 Maps in QGIS 4.2 Maps for presentations 4.3 Maps with statistical information 4.4 Common mistakes and recommendations 4.5 Summary and further reading Part II. Spatial field data acquisition and auxiliary data 5. Field data planning and preparation 5.1 Field sampling strategies 5.2 From GIS to global positioning system (GPS) 5.3 On-screen digitization 5.4 Summary and further reading6. Field sampling using a global positioning system (GPS) 97 6.1 GPS in the field 98 6.2 GPX from GPS 101 6.3 Summary 102 7. From global positioning system (GPS) to geographic information system (GIS) 103 7.1 Joint coordinates and measurement sheet 104 7.2 Separate coordinates and measurement sheet 105 7.3 Point measurement to information 106 7.4 Summary 108 Part III. Data analysis and new spatial information 8. Vector data analysis 110 8.1 Percentage area covered 114 8.2 Spatial distances 118 8.3 Summary and further analyses 121 9. Raster analysis 122 9.1 Spectral landscape indices 122 9.2 Topographic indices 128 9.3 Spectral landscape categories 128 9.4 Summary and further analysis 133 10. Raster-vector intersection 134 10.1 Point statistics 135 10.2 Zonal statistics 136 10.3 Summary 138 Part IV. Spatial coding 11. Introduction to coding 140 11.1 Why use the command line and what is ‘R’? 140 11.2 Getting started 142 11.3 Your very first command 142 11.4 Classes of data 144 11.5 Data indexing (subsetting) 145 11.6 Importing and exporting data 147 11.7 Functions 148 11.8 Loops 149 11.9 Scripts 149 11.10 Expanding functionality 150 11.11 Bugs, problems and challenges 151 11.12 Notation 152 11.13 Summary and further reading 15212. Getting started with spatial coding 153 12.1 Spatial data in R 153 12.2 Importing and exporting data 158 12.3 Modifying spatial data 162 12.4 Downloading spatial data from within R 166 12.5 Organization of spatial analysis scripts 170 12.6 Summary 171 13. Spatial analysis in R 172 13.1 Vegetation indices 172 13.2 Digital elevation model (DEM) derivatives 174 13.3 Classification 175 13.4 Raster-vector interaction 179 13.5 Calculating and saving aggregated values 182 13.6 Summary and further reading 184 14. Creating graphs in R 185 14.1 Aggregated environmental information 185 14.2 Non-aggregated environmental information 189 14.3 Finalizing and saving the plot 194 14.4 Summary and further reading 195 15. Creating maps in R 196 15.1 Vector data 197 15.2 Plotting study area data 202 15.3 Summary and further reading 206 Afterword and acknowledgements 207 References 209 Index 210

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Book SynopsisNow in full color, the sixth edition of this leading text features new chapters on remote sensing platforms (including the latest satellite and unmanned aerial systems), agriculture (including agricultural analysis via satellite imagery), and forestry (including fuel type mapping and fire monitoring). The book has introduced tens of thousands of students to the fundamentals of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting remotely sensed images. It presents cutting-edge tools and practical applications to land and water use analysis, natural resource management, climate change adaptation, and more. Each concise chapter is designed as an independent unit that instructors can use in any sequence. Pedagogical features include over 400 figures, chapter-opening lists of topics, case studies, end-of-chapter review questions, and links to recommended online videos and tutorials. New to This Edition *Discussions of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2; the growth of unmanned aerial systemsTrade Review"This outstanding text provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of a rapidly developing, interdisciplinary field. The book has helped prepare a generation of remote sensing scientists, and remains relevant and important today. The sixth edition's discussions of unmanned aerial systems and small satellites are timely; this edition also has a greater emphasis on digital imagery and its processing. Suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, the text contains sufficient content for one or more remote sensing courses. It has a focus on land remote sensing and develops natural, urban, ecological, hydrological, and other land-cover/land-use applications very well."--J. B. Sharma, PhD, Professor Emeritus and Eminent Scholar, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Georgia "I have found prior editions to cover all the topics I want my students to learn in Introductory Remote Sensing. In the sixth edition, the updated chapter on land observation satellites provides a nice overview of optical systems currently in operation, as well as history of the longer programs. The section on satellite systems in Chapter 3 provides some good background on the parts of satellites and their characteristics like orbit, footprints, and constellations. Other updates include a shorter chapter on the history of remote sensing, a new chapter on forestry, and some reorganization of the chapters. I look forward to adopting the sixth edition!"--Mary C. Henry, PhD, Department of Geography, Miami University "Introduction to Remote Sensing has an excellent reputation as one of the preeminent textbooks for undergraduate courses in remote sensing and image processing. As a university instructor, I first used this text in 1996. Twenty-five years later, the sixth edition has evolved to keep pace with a highly technical discipline. The book captures how the field has changed in terms of remote sensing technologies, image processing techniques, and software packages. We are entering an era where new sensing technologies and publicly available high-resolution satellite data are readily accessible and available for short- and long-term studies; the opportunities provided by these changes are described in detail in the sixth edition. I thank the authors for their diligence in providing up-to-date information in this dynamic area. Congratulations!"--Paul Treitz, PhD, Department of Geography and Planning, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada "The sixth edition of this classic text covers the fundamental principles of remote sensing as well as applications. A particular strength of the text is its coverage of the historical development of the field, from the first aerial photographs and Landsat satellites to today's small satellites, unmanned aircraft, and mobile sensors. The development of new sensor technologies, such as different types of lidar, is well described. Each chapter ends with lists of learning resources on the Internet, review questions, and references. I recommend this sixth edition as both a core text for undergraduate and graduate courses and a useful reference for remote sensing professionals."--Håkan Olsson, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Forest Remote Sensing, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences-An outstanding guide….This book is an excellent text for an introductory remote sensing course. It is also an appropriate addition to anyone's library who is trying hard to keep up with all the changes in the remote sensing technology. This book has a valued place on my bookshelf. (on the fifth edition)--Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 06/01/2012ƒƒThe text provides comprehensive coverage of principal topics and serves as a framework for organizing the vast amount of remote sensing information available on the web. Featuring case studies and review questions, the book's chapters are carefully designed as independent units that instructors can select from as needed for their courses. (on the fifth edition)--Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin, 12/01/2011Table of ContentsI. Foundations 1. Introducing Remote Sensing Basics 2. Electromagnetic Radiation 3. Remote Sensing Platforms II. Image Acquisition 4. Digital Mapping Cameras 5. Digital Imagery 6. Image Interpretation 7. Land Observation Satellites 8. Active Microwave 9. Lidar 10. Thermal Imagery III. Analysis 11. Statistics and Preprocessing 12. Image Classification 13. Accuracy Assessment 14. Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 15. Change Detection IV. Applications 16. Plant Science Fundamentals 17. Agricultural Remote Sensing 18. Forestry 19. Earth Sciences 20. Coastal Processes and Landforms 21. Land Use and Land Cover Index

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Book SynopsisThis updated edition includes recent advances in data acquisition, spectral data analysis, and new understanding of spatial and temporal variations in the strength of the lithosphere in its response to loading. An invaluable resource to students and researchers, it uses a simplified mathematical treatment and includes numerous geological examples.Trade Review'The second edition of this classic book offers an in-depth analysis of the numerous land, ocean, and planetary processes that are produced and modified by lithospheric flexure. Topics range from the theory of bending and deformation of thin elastic plates, to the relationships between gravity and topography, to the interaction of flexural and erosional processes and their geological interpretation. Throughout the book there are sections on the historical developments of all these topics. This new edition includes updates on yield strength envelope models for the lithosphere and the interpretation of new gravity and topography measured by satellite missions orbiting the Earth and other planets. Whether you are a geologist, geophysicist, or simply an enthusiast seeking a deeper understanding of the Earth's geological processes, Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere is an invaluable resource.' David Sandwell, University of California, San Diego'second edition of this classic book offers an in-depth analysis of the numerous land, ocean, and planetary processes that are produced and modified by lithospheric flexure. Whether you are a geologist, geophysicist, or simply an enthusiast seeking a deeper understanding of the Earth's geological processes, Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere is an invaluable resource.' David Sandwell, University of California, San DiegoReviews of the first edition: '… there is no question but that this book is the authoritative word on isostasy and flexure.' Marcia McNutt, EOS'… a superb book which covers a lot of ground on a fundamental topic of general importance to Earth scientists.' Paul Wessel, Geological Magazine'Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere provides an excellent guide for those applying flexural isostasy to practical problems. It is also a starting point for those wishing to learn more about the actual physics of Earth's lithosphere.' Norman Sleep, Physics Today'Accessible and authoritative, this book will be of interest to a wide range of geologists and geophysicists. For students it would serve as an excellent companion to plate tectonics and geodynamics texts.' Rick Saltus, The Leading Edge'This is a wonderful book, which satisfies and important need and contains material of interest to a variety of Earth (and planetary) scientists, from an author who has been closely associated with important developments in this field over the past three decades.' John Woodside, The Leading Edge'… readable and very useful … it is an absolute bargain. Graduate students, advanced undergraduates and professionals will enjoy this volume and find it very useful in future work.' James S. McClain, Episodes'The opening two chapters are an addictive introduction to the history of isostasy. Watts quickens the pulse and opens the mind with his well-balanced descriptions of spectacular geology, perilous expeditions and scholarly Victorian disputes.' John Maclennan, Institut de Physique du Globe de ParisTable of Contents1. The Development of the Concept of Isostasy; 2. Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere; 3. Theory of Elastic Plates; 4. Geological Examples of the Flexure Model of Isostasy; 5. Isostatic Response Functions; 6. Isostasy and the Physical Nature of the Lithosphere; 7. Isostasy and the Origin of Geological Features in the Continents and Oceans; 8. Isostasy and the Terrestrial Planets; References; Index.

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Book SynopsisMastering ArcGIS Pro introduces the basic ideas behind GIS, teaching the concepts and skills needed to enter this rapidly evolving industry or use GIS in your current discipline. Based on the widely used ArcGIS software developed by Esri, Inc., this text integrates learning fundamental concepts with practicing software skills and is suitable for classroom use or for professionals studying independently.Table of ContentsPREFACEINTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 1. WHAT IS GIS?CHAPTER 2. MAPPING GIS DATACHAPTER 3. PRESENTING GIS DATACHAPTER 4. COORDINATE SYSTEMSCHAPTER 5. MANAGING VECTOR DATACHAPTER 6. MANAGING RASTER DATACHAPTER 7. ATTRIBUTE DATACHAPTER 8. EDITINGCHAPTER 9. QUERIESCHAPTER 10. JOINS AND OVERLAYCHAPTER 11. RASTER ANALYSISCHAPTER 12. SHARING GIS

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Book SynopsisThe goal of How to Make Maps is to equip readers with the foundational knowledge of concepts they need to conceive, design, and produce maps in a legible, clear, and coherent manner, drawing from both classical and modern theory in cartography.This book is appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students who are beginning a course of study in geospatial sciences or who wish to begin producing their own maps. While the book assumes no a priori knowledge or experience with geospatial software, it may also serve GIS analysts and technicians who wish to explore the principles of cartographic design.The first part of the book explores the key decisions behind every map, with the aim of providing the reader with a solid foundation in fundamental cartography concepts. Chapters 1 through 3 review foundational mapping concepts and some of the decisions that are a part of every map. This is followed by a discussion of the guiding principles of cartographic dTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Mapping concepts 3. The language of maps 4. Cartographic design 5. Coordinate systems and projections 6. Text and typography 7. Color in cartography 8. 3D, animated, and web cartography 9. Scholarly research in cartography 10. Data in mapping 11. GIS and graphics software 12. Examples from the field Appendix 1: Map gallery, “Maps from the wild” Appendix 2: Sources of spatial data Appendix 3: Eleven guidelines for constructing and critiquing maps Appendix 4: Professional cartography societies Glossary

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Book SynopsisGIS for Science presents a collection of real-world stories about modern science and a cadre of scientists who use mapping and spatial analytics to expand their understanding of the world.The accounts in this book are written for a broad audience including professional scientists, the swelling ranks of citizen scientists, and people generally interested in science and geography. Scientific data are brought to life with GIS technology to study a range of issues relevant to the functioning of planet Earth in a natural sense as well as the impacts of human activity. In a race against the clock, the scientists profiled in this volume are using remote sensing, web maps, Esri StoryMaps, and spatial analysis to document an array of issues with a geographic dimension that range from climate change, natural disasters, and loss of biodiversity, to political strife, polar ice loss, and resource shortages.These stories present GIS ideas and inspiration that users can apply across many disciplines, making this volume relevant to diverse scientific audience.See how scientists working on the world's most pressing problems apply geographic information systems—GIS.Trade Review"This book is beautiful as well as illuminating, and it dramatizes the ways in which the new science of geospatial information is enriching and empowering all other scientific disciplines." --James Fallows, Staff Writer at The Atlantic and former Chief Speechwriter for President Jimmy Carter * James Fallows *"Advances in remote sensing and geographic information systems allow us to observe, monitor, and understand the planet in unprecedented levels of detail. Data that once had to be collected through painstaking and laborious fieldwork are now available instantly, online, anywhere. This beautifully illustrated and inspiring book brings home the power of today's technology with unique effectiveness, telling and illustrating stories from the earth sciences in novel and powerful ways. A must-have book for anyone concerned about the planet's future." --Mike Goodchild, Distinguished Emeritus Professor and Research Professor of Geography, UC Santa Barbara * Mike Goodchild *"As an ecologist, GIS provides the platform that allows us to generate a holistic perspective of the natural world. This spatial understanding is so critical for us to be able to understand and address the global threats of biodiversity loss and climate change. Given the relevance of this geospatial perspective for all aspects of society, I hope this beautiful book will inspire a wide range of people to embrace the 'Science of Where.' " --Thomas Crowther, Director at Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative * Thomas Crowther *Table of Contents INTRODUCTION The Science of Where: A Framework and a Process How the Book Works Reflections on a Blue Marble: An Astronaut’s View SECTION 1: How the Earth Works Global Ecosystem Mapping GIS as a Scientific Workbench: Pacific Gyre What Lies Beneath: LIDAR in Geology The Anatomy of Super Volcanos Understanding Polar Ice Loss Predicting Seagrass Occurrence SECTION 2: How the Earth Looks Extreme Heat Events Mapping Human Settlement Finding a Way Home: An Analysis of Homelessness EnviroCar: Big Data Analytics Fighting Sea Level Rise with Artificial Reefs Diverse Farms, Diverse Foods Emerging Hotspots of Forest Loss Forestry Inventory Analysis Mapping Avian Species Migration SECTION 3: How we look at the Earth Identifying the Natural Efficient Frontier Lidar Tree Canopy Mapping Mapping Ancient Landscapes SECTION 4: GIS SciTech from Esri Briefs The US National Water Model Equal Earth Projection 3D Marine Data interpolation The Science of the Hex Machine Learning Capabilities World Population Estimate Green Infrastructure The Living Atlas Story Maps for Science Planetary GIS ArcGIS Earth Imagery Workbench for Science Polar Ice App Jupyter Python Notebook SECTION 5: Training Future Generations of Scientists A Glacier in Retreat “Panamapping:” Rainforest Conservation in Panama Evolution of Students’ Spatial Skills Next Steps: Learning GIS

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Book SynopsisGeographical data are used in so many aspects of our lives today, ranging from disaster relief operations through to finding directions on our mobile phones. We can all be data collectors, adding locational information as we capture digitally our day-to-day experiences. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are the software tools that facilitate this, turning the raw data into useful information that can help us understand our worlds better.Principles of Geographical Information Systems presents a thorough overview of the subject, exploring both the theoretical basis of GIS, and their use in practice. It explains how data on the world are converted into digital form and the analytical capabilities used to bring understanding to a range of areas of interest and issues. Spatial data are usually based on two, dichotomous paradigms: exactly defined entities in space, such as land parcels and urban structures, or the continuous variation of single attributes, such as temperature or rainfalTrade ReviewReview from previous edition [This second edition] builds upon the previous work in providing a very welcome basic, concise and more up to date introduction to the principles underlying GISs ... a osund and readable introduction to a complex subject. * International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, v. 9 no. 3, 2000 *Choosing a course text in the early post-GIS years was very easy. Peter Burrough's Principles of geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment was the definitive work. Beautifully written and illustrated...Peter Burrough set himself a hard act to follow...In almost every respect this is a new book, and not the second edition it purports to be...So, this is a rarity in textbook publishing a second edition that improves on the first. It looks set to be my recommended course text for many years to come. * David Unwin/GIS Europe June 1998. *This book presents a strong theoritical basis for GIS, which is often lacking in other texts...the optimising of timber extraction from forests and the redistribution of Chernobyl radioactivity by floods are explained clearly in detail. * Mapping Awareness April 1998 *This new publication is up to date and provides comprehensive coverage of virtually all aspects of GIS. It is clearly written and technical where appropriate ... it should be recommended for postgraduate courses and for all teachers of GIS. * David Walker, The Times Higher Education Supplement *Table of Contents1. Geographical information systems and society ; 2. Spatial data and their models: formal abstractions of reality ; 3. Geographical data in the computer ; 4. Data input and verification ; 5. Visualization ; 6. Exploring geographical data ; 7. Analysis of discrete entities in space ; 8. Interpolation 1: deterministic and spline-based approaches ; 9. Interpolation 2: geostatistical approaches ; 10. Analysis of continuous fields ; 11. Digital elevation models ; 12. Space-time modelling and error propagation ; 13. Fuzzy sets and fuzzy geographical objects ; 14. GIS, transformations, and future developments

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Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive text to describe the breadth of available technology for conservation and to evaluate its varied applications, bringing together a team of international experts using a diverse range of approaches.Trade ReviewThis is an excellent volume to have on the shelf for anyone interested in conservation science in the 21st century... Its breadth exceeds that of the expertise of many practitioners and I trust it will, in its coverage, provide a conduit to new technologies and applications where it can be of most use. * Rob Harcourt, The Quarterly Review of Biology *Conservation Technology selects some of the most commonly used and important tools in conservation and describes their diverse use in the field. This volume is recommended not only for conservation students, but also for researchers, conservationists, and practitioners who would like to become familiar with the increasing variety of conservation technologies. * Conservation Biology *Table of ContentsPreface 1: Alex K. Piel and Serge A. Wich: Conservation and Technology: An Introduction 2: Lilian Pintea, Samuel M. Jantz, and Serge Wich: From the Cloud to the Ground: Converting Satellite Data into Conservation Decisions 3: Serge A. Wich, Mike Hudson, Herizo Andrianandrasana, and Steven N. Longmore: Drones for Conservation 4: Anne-Sophie Crunchant, Chanakya Dev Nakka, Jason T. Isaacs, and Alex K. Piel: Acoustic Sensors 5: Francesco Rovero and Roland Kays: Camera Trapping for Conservation 6: Kasim Rafiq, Pitcher, Ben J. Pitcher, Kate Cornelsen, K. Whitney Hansen, Andrew J. King, Rob. G. Appleby, Briana Abrahms and Neil R. Jordan: Animal-borne Technologies in Wildlife Research and Conservation 7: Cheryl D. Knott, Amy M. Scott, Caitlin A. O'Connell, Tri Wahyu Susanto and Erin E. Kane: Field and Laboratory Analysis for Non-Invasive Wildlife and Habitat Health Assessment and Conservation 8: Antoinette J. Piaggio: Environmental DNA for Conservation 9: Edward McLester and Alex K. Piel: Mobile Data Collection Apps 10: Drew T. Cronin, Anthony Dancer, Barney Long, Antony J. Lynam, Jeff Muntifering, Jonathan Palmer and Richard A. Bergl: Application of SMART Software for Conservation Area Management 11: Dan Morris and Lucas Joppa: Challenges for the Computer Vision Community 12: Trishant Simlai and Chris Sandbrook: Digital Surveillance Technologies in Conservation and their Social Implications 13: Margarita Mulero-Pázmány: The Future of Technology in Conservation

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Book SynopsisMark Monmonier looks at the increased use of geographic data, satellite imagery, and location tracking across a wide range of fields. Could these diverse forms of geographic monitoring, he asks, lead to grave consequences for society?Trade Review"With electronic spies in the sky, sensors under the streets, and geographic data banks everywhere, it takes Mark Monmonier's knowledge and insight to make sense of the new landscape of locational privacy. This is fascinating reading, indispensable to watchers and watched alike." - Edward Tenner, author of Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences

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Book SynopsisFélix Guattari: Thought, Friendship, and Visionary Cartography, by Franco Berardi 'Bifo', originates in the author's close personal acquaintance with Félix Guattari's writings and political engagement in the context of Berardi Bifo's activism in Italian autonomist politics and his ongoing collaboration with Guattari in the 1970s and 1980s.Trade Review'In these stirring pages Bifo produces a rhythmic map of Félix Guattari's thought that resonates with the contemporary discords of cognitive labour. Tones of intimacy and abstraction combine in haunting chords of unhappy politics and philosophical triumphs. Strains of oracularity take flight in political insights more Buddhist than Leninist. Immensely protective of Félix as both teacher and friend, Bifo ensures that the refrains of Guattari's processes of subjectivation do not petrify into academic givens but continue to sing their extraordinary singularity and make new becomings available for those engaged in tomorrow's struggles. Bifo invites his readers to share the intensities of conceptual and political creativity, productively despair of the fragility of the psyche and the environment, and rejoice in a philosophical friendship with the conviction to head straight into chaos. Bifo's Félix is a netizen before the letter; semio-chemist of molecular evolution; analyst of an unconscious redesigned for getting things done together; and a trusted fellow militant. In this remarkable book there is more than enough sharable affect available to counteract the attenuations of revolutionary desire under infocapital.' - Gary Genosko, Canada Research Chair in Technoculture, Lakehead University 'Félix Guattari was the bridge between French poststructuralism and Italian autonomism, the thinker and militant who, more than anyone else, made possible the synthesis of those currents that now looms so large in debates over globalization, network culture and cognitive capitalism. Franco 'Bifo' Berardi is a major Italian media theorist and activist, an agent provocateur who deserves to be as well known to Anglophone readers as Agamben, Negri or Vattimo. Bifo's book does many things at once: it introduces readers to the thought of Guattari (and Deleuze, who for once gets second billing) in a lively and agile manner; it offers a moving tribute to a departed friend and ally as well as a meditation on friendship as the necessary condition of thought and action; it creates new philosophical concepts of unhappiness and depression that are crucial for understanding the present; and much more. This book should be essential reading for everyone who is concerned with nihilism and deconstruction, biopower and the multitude, bare life and the state of exception in short, everyone who wants to confront the twenty-first century on its own terms.' - Timothy S. Murphy, University of OklahomaTable of ContentsPreface: Thought, Friendship, and Visionary Cartography; G.Mecchia & C.J.Stivale Introduction: Cartographies in Becoming PART I The Happy Depression Integrated World Capitalism Planetary Psychopathia Postmediatic Affect PART II User's Manual Deleuze and the Rhizomatic Machine Why is Anti-Oedipus the Book of the '68 Movement? Kafka, Hypertext and Assemblages The Tantric Egg Chaosmosis The Provisional Eternity of Friendship Interview with Franco Berardi 'Bifo', July 11 2005; G.Mecchia Notes Bibliography Index

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Book SynopsisAn accessible guide to the ideas and technologies underlying such applications as GPS, Google Maps, Pokémon Go, ride-sharing, driverless cars, and drone surveillance.Billions of people around the globe use various applications of spatial computing daily—by using a ride-sharing app, GPS, the e911 system, social media check-ins, even Pokémon Go. Scientists and researchers use spatial computing to track diseases, map the bottom of the oceans, chart the behavior of endangered species, and create election maps in real time. Drones and driverless cars use a variety of spatial computing technologies. Spatial computing works by understanding the physical world, knowing and communicating our relation to places in that world, and navigating through those places. It has changed our lives and infrastructures profoundly, marking a significant shift in how we make our way in the world. This volume in the MIT Essential Knowledge series explains the technologies

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Book SynopsisGIS and Housing: Principles and Practices discusses one of the challenges that has not been addressed by Geographic Information Science thus far: how can we use GIS to deal with the complex issues underlying the housing crisis? This book provides GIS technicians and analysts with an overview of US housing challenges and examples of how to effectively integrate spatial thinking to address housing policy questions, while simultaneously introducing housing policy analysts to advanced GIS concepts and techniques to create livable neighborhoods that include housing alternatives beyond the single family. Through numerous examples, the authors advocate for a collaborative approach that encourages professionals, policymakers, and analysts, across different ideological and political perspectives, to confront the multifaceted housing crisis.Features:Examines the historical aspects of housing provision, societal attitudes, demographic shifts, and government policiesTrade ReviewSilos keep advocates, philanthropy, and government from pursuing housing and development policies that meet the needs of historically disadvantaged communities in Black and Latinx neighborhoods. GIS for Housing offers advocates and policy makers a spatial analysis framework to guide the development of a just and equitable city for all. Maria Cabildo Director, Housing and Economic Opportunity, California Community Foundation In development, all markets are local. Other words, know and understand the location before undertaking development. If you don’t understand location, money will be lost. Location is geographic. The authors of GIS and Housing explain the importance of geographic data related to location. Geographic data is not only physical, (what physically is at that location and surrounding areas) but cultural (who’s there; explaining population and its attributes). Developers need that information. Scott Lefaver Owner/Managing Member, Cabouchon Properties, LLC This book explores both the evolution and current state of housing issues, such as availability and affordability and offers important guidance on why an understanding of spatial relationships is vital when developing strategies for mitigating these concerns. The authors explore the capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) concepts, tools, and methods and how they can be leveraged to manage, analyze, visualize, and communicate actionable knowledge that supports decision making and policies related to housing. This book is a valuable resource for housing researchers, analysts, and policymakers. Kevin Mickey Director, Professional Development and Geospatial Technologies Education, The Polis Center The authors supply a critical missing angle in America’s fractious national and local debates about housing: visual data. Through detailed graphs and charts interspersed with historical photos and maps, they elegantly capture historic changes in how we live, where we live, who we live with, in how much space, and how much it costs -- and also explain how we may use this information to decide how to live in the future. Nicole Gelinas Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute GIS and Housing is a highly-readable, solutions-oriented book that uses a geo-spatial lens to grapple with the connections between US housing crises and broader socio-economic trends. Further, it encourages the use of GIS as a tool for housing data analysis and meaningful community engagement in policy development and implementation Oksana Mironova Senior Policy Analyst, Community Service Society of New York Table of Contents1. Why Geography Matters in Housing 2. Social, Demographic, and Technological Shifts and Their Impacts on Housing 3. Contemporary Design Adaptations and Policy Interventions 4. Data for Housing Research 5. GIS Analysis and Visualization 6. Directions for Future Research 7. Conclusions

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Book SynopsisFocusing on the ramifications of GIS usage, Digital Places shows that they are associated with far-reaching changes in the institutions in which they exist, and in the lives of those they touch.Trade Review'I would recommend this book to anyone ready to read it with a critical view of the subject matter.' - Environment and Planning, vol 26 ,1999Table of ContentsIntroduction; Part 1 The World According to Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 1 Reason and Language in Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 2 On Space in Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 3 Optical Consistency, Technologies of Location, and the Limits of Representation; Part 2 Geographic Information Systems in Practice; Chapter 4 On the Roots of Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 5 The Reshaping of Geographic Practice; Chapter 6 Who Owns Geographic Information?; Chapter 7 The Digital Individual in a Visible World; Part 3 Living with Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 8 Geographic Information Systems and the Problem of Ethical Action; Chapter 9 Beyond PaleoGIS?;

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Book SynopsisThe TransNav 2011 Symposium held at the Gdynia Maritime University, Poland in June 2011 has brought together a wide range of participants from all over the world. The program has offered a variety of contributions, allowing to look at many aspects of the navigational safety from various different points of view. Topics presented and discussed at the Symposium were: navigation, safety at sea, sea transportation, education of navigators and simulator-based training, sea traffic engineering, ship's manoeuvrability, integrated systems, electronic charts systems, satellite, radio-navigation and anti-collision systems and many others.This book is part of a series of six volumes and provides an overview of International recent issues about ECDIS, E-Navigation and Safety at Sea and is addressed to scientists and professionals involved in research and development of navigation, safety of navigation and sea transportation.Table of Contentse-Navigation ConceptECDISVisualization and Presentation of Navigational InformationData Transmission and Communication SystemsSafety at Sea

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Book SynopsisSelf-Organising Maps: Applications in GI Science brings together the latest geographical research where extensive use has been made of the SOM algorithm, and provides readers with a snapshot of these tools that can then be adapted and used in new research projects.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. 1. Introduction: What is a Self-Organizing Map? (André Skupin and Pragya Agarwal). 2. Applications of Different Self-Organizing Map Variants to Geographical Information Science Problems (Fernando Bação, Victor Lobo and Marco Painho). 3. An Integrated Exploratory Geovisualization Environment Based on Self-Organizing Map (Etien L. Koua and Menno-Jan Kraak). 4. Visual Exploration of Spatial Interaction Data with Self-Organizing Maps (Jun Yan and Jean-Claude Thill). 5. Detecting Geographic Associations in English Dialect Features in North America within a Visual Data Mining Environment Integrating Self-Organizing Maps (Jean-Claude Thill, William A. Kretzschmar Jr, Irene Casas and Xiaobai Yao). 6. Self-Organizing Maps for Density-Preserving Reduction of Objects in Cartographic Generalization (Monika Sester). 7. Visualizing Human Movement in Attribute Space (André Skupin). 8. Climate Analysis, Modelling, and Regional Downscaling Using Self-Organizing Maps (Bruce C. Hewitson). 9. Prototyping Broad-Scale Climate and Ecosystem Classes by Means of Self-Organising Maps (Jürgen P. Kropp and Hans Joachim Schellnhuber). 10. Self-Organising Map Principles Applied Towards Automating Road Extraction from Remotely Sensed Imagery (Pete Doucette, Peggy Agouris and Anthony Stefanidis). 11. Epilogue: Intelligent Systems for GIScience: Where Next? A GIScience Perspective (Michael Goodchild). Index.

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Book SynopsisCovers the convergent use of GIS for Location Science analysis, written by two of the leading researchers in the field. Introduction to new field at juncture of two mature disciplines. Includes ArcGIS and LINGO application files and data sets which will accompany the end of chapter questions.Table of ContentsDedication. Preface & Acknowledgment. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.0. Motivation. 1.1. History. 1.2. First Principles. 1.3. Planning context. 1.4. Role of GIS. 1.5. Summary. 1.6. Terms. 1.7. References. 1.8. Exercises. Chapter 2: GIS. 2.0 Introduction. 2.1 Data Acquisition. 2.1.1 Existing sources. 2.1.2 Semi-existing sources. 2.1.3 Surveying and airborne approaches. 2.2 Data Management. 2.2.1 Raster. 2.2.2 Vector. 2.3 Data Manipulation. 2.3.1 Conversion. 2.3.2 Aggregation. 2.3.3 Overlay. 2.3.4 Interpolation. 2.4 Data Analysis. 2.4.1 Query. 2.4.2 Proximity. 2.4.3 Centrality. 2.4.4 Service zone. 2.5 Data Display. 2.6 Summary. 2.7 Terms. 2.8 References. 2.9 Exercises. Chapter 3: Model Building Fundamentals. 3.0 Introduction. 3.1 Review of Mathematical Notation. 3.1.1 Variables. 3.1.2 Mathematical expressions. 3.1.3 Inequalities. 3.2 Formulating an Optimization Model. 3.2.1 Apple shipment. 3.2.2 Manufacturing plant location. 3.2.3 School consolidation. 3.3 Model solution. 3.3.1 Apple shipment application. 3.3.2 Manufacturing plant location application. 3.3.3 School consolidation application. 3.4 Summary. 3.5 Terms. 3.6 References. 3.7 Exercises. Chapter 4: Trade and Service Areas. 4.0 Introduction. 4.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 4.1.1 Descriptive trade area. 4.1.2 Prescriptive service area. 4.2 Mathematical Representation. 4.2.1 Descriptive trade area. 4.2.2 Prescriptive service area. 4.3 GIScience. 4.4 Modeling Application. 4.4.1 Descriptive trade area. 4.4.2 Prescriptive service area. 4.5 Advanced Topics. 4.5.1 Spatial interaction considerations. 4.5.2 Transportation problem considerations. 4.5.3 Using trade and service area models in site selection. 4.6 Summary. 4.7 Terms and Concepts. 4.8 References. 4.9 Exercises. Chapter 5: Suitability Analysis. 5.0 Introduction. 5.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 5.2 Suitability Assessment Process. 5.2.1 Absolute suitability. 5.2.2 Relative suitability. 5.3 GIScience. 5.3.1 Map algebra. 5.3.2 Attribute data measurement. 5.4 Model Application. 5.4.1 Absolute suitability. 5.4.2 Relative suitability. 5.5 Advanced Topics . 5.6 Summary. 5.7 Terms and Concepts. 5.8 References. 5.9 Exercises. Chapter 6: Point-Based Location . 6.0 Introduction. 6.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 6.2 Mathematical Representation. 6.2.1 Formulating the Weber problem. 6.2.2 Iterative solution approach for the Weber problem. 6.3 GIScience. 6.3.1 Projections and coordinate systems. 6.3.2 Spherical distance. 6.3.3 Planar distance. 6.4 Modeling Application. 6.4.1 Solution using commercial software. 6.4.2 Iterative solution. 6.5 Advanced Topics. 6.5.1 Variants of planar single facility location. 6.5.2 Fallacy of the centroid . 6.5.3 Location on a sphere. 6.5.4 Continuously distributed demand. 6.6 Summary . 6.7 Terms and Concepts. 6.8 References. 6.9 Exercises. Chapter 7: Line-Based Location. 7.0 Introduction. 7.1 Motivation and Problem Definition. 7.2 Mathematical Representation. 7.2.1 Shortest path model. 7.2.3 Exact solution approach. 7.3 GIScience. 7.3.1 Defining the network. 7.4 Modeling Application. 7.4.1 Path. 7.4.2 Corridor siting in ArcGIS. 7.5 Advanced Topics. 7.5.1 Expanding the network. 7.5.2 Shortest path variants. 7.6 Summary. 7.7 Terms and Concepts. 7.8 References. 7.9 Exercises. Chapter 8: Area-Based Location. 8.0 Introduction. 8.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 8.2 Mathematical Representation. 8.2.1 Knapsack model. 8.2.2 Threshold model. 8.2.3 Shape model. 8.3 GIScience. 8.4 Modeling Application. 8.4.1 Knapsack model application. 8.4.2 Threshold model application. 8.4.3 Shape model application. 8.5 Advanced Topics. 8.6 Summary. 8.7 Terms. 8.8 References. 8.9 Exercises. Chapter 9: Coverage. 9.0 Introduction. 9.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 9.1.1 Complete coverage. 9.1.2 Maximal coverage. 9.2 Mathematical Representation. 9.2.1 Complete coverage. 9.2.2 Maximal coverage. 9.3 GIScience. 9.4 Modeling Application. 9.4.1 LSCP. 9.4.2 MCLP. 9.5 Advanced topics. 9.5.1 Backup coverage. 9.5.2 Service availability. 9.5.3 Spatial representation. 9.6 Summary. 9.7 Terms and concepts. 9.8 References. 9.9 Exercises. Chapter 10: Dispersion. 10.0 Introduction. 10.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 10.2 Mathematical Representation. 10.2.1 Neighborhood restrictions. 10.2.2 Pairwise restrictions. 10.2.3 Clique restrictions. 10.3 GIScience. 10.4 Modeling Application. 10.4.1 Neighborhood restrictions. 10.4.2 Pairwise restrictions. 10.4.3 Clique restrictions. 10.5 Advanced Topics. 10.5.1 Hybrid restrictions. 10.5.2 Max-min-min dispersion. 10.6 Summary. 10.7 Terms and concepts. 10.8 References. 10.9 Exercises. Chapter 11: Location-Allocation. 11.0 Introduction. 11.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 11.2 Mathematical Representation. 11.2.1 Heuristic solution. 11.3 GIScience. 11.4 Modeling Application. 11.5 Advanced Topics. 11.5.1 Continuous space siting. 11.5.2 Service capacities and fixed costs. 11.5.3 Accounting for uncertainty and error. 11.6 Summary. 11.7 Terms and Concepts. 11.8 References . 11.9 Exercises. Chapter 12: Conclusion. 12.0 Introduction. 12.1 Classes of Location Models. 12.2 Class Variety and Extensions. 12.3 Solution Approaches. 12.4 Final Thoughts. 12.5 References. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book discusses maps as data with data structure implications; roving windows; spatial data modeling and management; assessing variability, shape, and pattern of map features; overlaying maps; cost-benefit analysis; algorithms involved in slope, distance, and connectivity; and cartographic and spatial modeling. A disk containing four-color graphics, including charts and maps, is also available. Provides a GIS glossary. Includes a list of recommended readings for each topic. Compiles international GIS instructions and presents contact details and information on each.Table of ContentsMaps as Data and Data Structure Implications. Measuring Effective Distance and Connectivity. Roving Windows: Assessment of Neighborhood Characteristics. What GIS Is and Isn't: Spatial Data Mapping, Management, Modeling,and More. Assessing Variability, Shape, and Pattern of Map Features. Overlaying Maps and Characterizing Error Propagation. Overlaying Maps and Summarizing the Results. Scoping GIS: What to Consider. Slope, Distance, and Connectivity: Their Algorithms. Cartographic and Spatial Modeling. Epilog. Appendices. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisAn easy-to-understand reference for navigating through geographic information systems (GIS) This guide avoids equations, computer codes, and overwhelming detail and instead provides a clear explanation as to how GIS technology captures, stores, counts, characterizes, integrates, analyzes, and displays data about the earth.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: GIS: Geography on Steroids 7 Chapter 1: Seeing the Scope of GIS 9 Chapter 2: Recognizing How Maps Show Information 23 Chapter 3: Reading, Analyzing, and Interpreting Maps 39 Part II: Geography Goes Digital 57 Chapter 4: Creating a Conceptual Model 59 Chapter 5: Understanding the GIS Data Models 73 Chapter 6: Keeping Track of Data Descriptions 93 Chapter 7: Managing Multiple Maps 109 Chapter 8: Gathering and Digitizing Geographic Data 117 Part III: Retrieving, Counting, and Characterizing Geography 135 Chapter 9: Finding Information in Raster Systems 137 Chapter 10: Finding Features in Vector Systems 147 Chapter 11: Searching for Geographic Objects, Distributions, and Groups 65 Part IV: Analyzing Geographic Patterns 181 Chapter 12: Measuring Distance 183 Chapter 13: Working with Statistical Surfaces 199 Chapter 14: Exploring Topographical Surfaces 213 Chapter 15: Working with Networks 225 Chapter 16: Comparing Multiple Maps 239 Chapter 17: Map Algebra and Model Building 253 Part V: GIS Output and Application 277 Chapter 18: Producing Cartographic Output 279 Chapter 19: Generating Non-Cartographic Output 293 Chapter 20: GIS in Organizations 301 Part VI: The Part of Tens 315 Chapter 21: Ten GIS Software Vendors 317 Chapter 22: Ten Questions to Ask Potential Vendors 329 Chapter 23: Ten GIS Data Sources 333 Index 343

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Book SynopsisCompiling the authors? combined decades of experience, Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensing and Analysis sheds light on microwave noncontact vital sign detection from bench-top module to CMOS integrated microchip, covering a frequency range of over 30 GHz.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background, 1 1.2 Recent Progress on Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensors, 2 1.2.1 Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Interferometer and Vibrometer, 2 1.2.2 Noncontact Vital Sign Detection, 3 1.3 About This Book, 4 2 Theory of Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensors 7 2.1 Introduction to Radar, 7 2.1.1 Antennas, 8 2.1.2 Propagation and Antenna Gain, 10 2.1.3 Radio System Link and Friis Equation, 13 2.1.4 Radar Cross Section and Radar Equation, 15 2.1.5 Radar Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 16 2.1.6 Signal-Processing Basics, 17 2.2 Mechanism of Motion Sensing Radar, 18 2.2.1 Doppler Frequency Shift, 18 2.2.2 Doppler Nonlinear Phase Modulation, 19 2.2.3 Pulse Radar, 26 2.2.4 FMCW Radar, 27 2.2.5 Comparison of Different Detection Mechanisms, 29 2.3 Key Theory and Techniques of Motion Sensing Radar, 31 2.3.1 Null and Optimal Detection Point, 31 2.3.2 Complex Signal Demodulation, 33 2.3.3 Arctangent Demodulation, 34 2.3.4 Double-Sideband Transmission, 36 2.3.5 Optimal Carrier Frequency, 43 2.3.6 Sensitivity: Gain and Noise Budget, 49 3 Hardware Development of Microwave Motion Sensors 53 3.1 Radar Transceiver, 53 3.1.1 Bench-Top Radar Systems, 53 3.1.2 Board Level Radar System Integration, 61 3.1.3 Motion Sensing Radar-On-Chip Integration, 63 3.1.4 Pulse-Doppler Radar and Ultra-Wideband Technologies, 85 3.1.5 FMCW Radar, 89 3.2 Radar Transponders, 92 3.2.1 Passive Harmonic Tag, 93 3.2.2 Active Transponder for Displacement Monitoring, 95 3.3 Antenna Systems, 99 3.3.1 Phased Array Systems, 99 3.3.2 Broadband Antenna, 100 3.3.3 Helical Antenna, 103 4 Advances in Detection and Analysis Techniques 107 4.1 System Design and Optimization, 107 4.1.1 Shaking Noise Cancellation Using Sensor Node Technique, 107 4.1.2 DC-Coupled Displacement Radar, 111 4.1.3 Random Body Movement Cancellation Technique, 116 4.1.4 Nonlinear Detection of Complex Vibration Patterns, 124 4.1.5 Motion Sensing Based on Self-Injection-Locked Oscillators, 131 4.2 Numerical Methods: Ray-Tracing Model, 136 4.3 Signal Processing, 141 4.3.1 MIMO, MISO, SIMO Techniques, 141 4.3.2 Spectral Estimation Algorithms, 142 4.3.3 Joint Time–Frequency Signal Analysis, 153 5 Applications and Future Trends 157 5.1 Application Case Studies, 158 5.1.1 Assisted Living and Smart Homes, 158 5.1.2 Sleep Apnea Diagnosis, 164 5.1.3 Wireless Infant Monitor, 169 5.1.4 Measurement of Rotational Movement, 173 5.1.5 Battlefield Triage and Enemy Detection, 178 5.1.6 Earthquake and Fire Emergency Search and Rescue, 179 5.1.7 Tumor Tracking in Radiation Therapy, 180 5.1.8 Structural Health Monitoring, 185 5.2 Development of Standards and State of Acceptance, 194 5.3 Future Development Trends, 196 5.4 Microwave Industry Outlook, 202 References 203 Index 215

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Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive overview of progress in the general area of fluvial remote sensing with a specific focus on its potential contribution to river management. The book highlights a range of challenging issues by considering a range of spatial and temporal scales with perspectives from a variety of disciplines.Table of ContentsSeries Foreword, xv Foreword, xvii List of Contributors, xix 1 Introduction: The Growing Use of Imagery in Fundamental and Applied River Sciences, 1 Patrice E. Carbonneau and Herv´e Pi´egay 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Remote sensing, river sciences and management, 2 1.2.1 Key concepts in remote sensing, 2 1.2.2 A short introduction to ‘river friendly’ sensors and platforms, 4 1.2.3 Cost considerations, 7 1.3 Evolution of published work in Fluvial Remote Sensing, 8 1.3.1 Authorships and Journals, 9 1.3.2 Platforms and Sensors, 9 1.3.3 Topical Areas, 10 1.3.4 Spatial and Temporal Resolutions, 14 1.3.5 Summary, 16 1.4 Brief outline of the volume, 16 References, 17 2 Management Applications of Optical Remote Sensing in the Active River Channel, 19 W. Andrew Marcus, Mark A. Fonstad and Carl J. Legleiter 2.1 Introduction, 19 2.2 What can be mapped with optical imagery?, 20 2.3 Flood extent and discharge, 21 2.4 Water depth, 22 2.5 Channel change, 24 2.6 Turbidity and suspended sediment, 25 2.7 Bed sediment, 27 2.8 Biotypes (in-stream habitat units), 29 2.9 Wood, 31 2.10 Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and algae, 31 2.11 Evolving applications, 33 2.12 Management considerations common to river applications, 33 2.13 Accuracy, 35 2.14 Ethical considerations, 36 2.15 Why use optical remote sensing?, 36 References, 38 3 An Introduction to the Physical Basis for Deriving River Information by Optical Remote Sensing, 43 Carl J. Legleiter and Mark A. Fonstad 3.1 Introduction, 43 3.2 An overview of radiative transfer in shallow stream channels, 45 3.2.1 Quantifying the light field, 45 3.2.2 Radiative transfer processes along the image chain, 49 3.3 Optical characteristics of river channels, 54 3.3.1 Reflectance from the water surface, 55 3.3.2 Optically significant constituents of the water column, 55 3.3.3 Reflectance properties of the streambed and banks, 58 3.4 Inferring river channel attributes from remotely sensed data, 60 3.4.1 Spectrally-based bathymetric mapping via band ratios, 60 3.4.2 Relative magnitudes of the components of the at-sensor radiance signal, 61 3.4.3 The role of sensor characteristics, 62 3.5 Conclusion, 66 3.6 Notation, 67 References, 68 4 Hyperspectral Imagery in Fluvial Environments, 71 Mark J. Fonstad 4.1 Introduction, 71 4.2 The nature of hyperspectral data, 72 4.3 Advantages of hyperspectral imagery, 74 4.4 Logistical and optical limitations of hyperspectral imagery, 75 4.5 Image processing techniques, 78 4.6 Conclusions, 82 Acknowledgments, 82 References, 82 5 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Water Temperature in Riverine Landscapes, 85 Rebecca N. Handcock, Christian E. Torgersen, Keith A. Cherkauer, Alan R. Gillespie, Klement Tockner, Russel N. Faux and Jing Tan 5.1 Introduction, 85 5.2 State of the art: TIR remote sensing of streams and rivers, 88 5.3 Technical background to the TIR remote sensing of water, 91 5.3.1 Remote sensing in the TIR spectrum, 91 5.3.2 The relationship between emissivity and kinetic and radiant temperature, 92 5.3.3 Using Planck’s Law to determine temperature from TIR observations, 93 5.3.4 Processing of TIR image data, 94 5.3.5 Atmospheric correction, 94 5.3.6 Key points, 95 5.4 Extracting useful information from TIR images, 96 5.4.1 Calculating a representative water temperature, 96 5.4.2 Accuracy, uncertainty, and scale, 96 5.4.3 The near-bank environment, 97 5.4.4 Key points, 98 5.5 TIR imaging sensors and data sources, 98 5.5.1 Ground imaging, 98 5.5.2 Airborne imaging, 98 5.5.3 Satellite imaging, 101 5.5.4 Key points, 101 5.6 Validating TIR measurements of rivers, 102 5.6.1 Timeliness of data, 102 5.6.2 Sampling site selection, 103 5.6.3 Thermal stratification and mixing, 104 5.6.4 Measuring representative temperature, 104 5.6.5 Key points, 105 5.7 Example 1: Illustrating the necessity of matching the spatial resolution of the TIR imaging device to river width using multi-scale observations of water temperature in the Pacific Northwest (USA), 106 5.8 Example 2: Thermal heterogeneity in river floodplains used to assess habitat diversity, 108 5.9 Summary, 108 Acknowledgements, 109 5.10 Table of abbreviations, 110 References, 110 6 The Use of Radar Imagery in Riverine Flood Inundation Studies, 115 Guy J-P. Schumann, Paul. D. Bates, Giuliano Di Baldassarre and David C. Mason 6.1 Introduction, 115 6.2 Microwave imaging of water and flooded land surfaces, 116 6.2.1 Passive radiometry, 117 6.2.2 Synthetic Aperture Radar, 117 6.2.3 SAR interferometry, 119 6.3 The use of SAR imagery to map and monitor river flooding, 120 6.3.1 Mapping river flood inundation from space, 120 6.3.2 Sources of flood and water detection errors, 124 6.3.3 Integration with flood inundation modelling, 129 6.4 Case study examples, 129 6.4.1 Fuzziness in SAR flood detection to increase confidence in flood model simulations, 129 6.4.2 Near real-time flood detection in urban and rural areas using high resolution space-borne SAR images, 131 6.4.3 Multi-temporal SAR images to inform about floodplain dynamics, 133 6.5 Summary and outlook, 135 References, 137 7 Airborne LiDAR Methods Applied to Riverine Environments, 141 Jean-St´ephane Bailly, Paul J. Kinzel, Tristan Allouis, Denis Feurer and Yann Le Coarer 7.1 Introduction: LiDAR definition and history, 141 7.2 Ranging airborne LiDAR physics, 142 7.2.1 LiDAR for emergent terrestrial surfaces, 142 7.2.2 LiDAR for aquatic surfaces, 144 7.3 System parameters and capabilities: examples, 146 7.3.1 Large footprint system: HawkEye II, 146 7.3.2 Narrow footprint system: EAARL, 147 7.3.3 Airborne LiDAR capacities for fluvial monitoring: a synthesis, 148 7.4 LiDAR survey design for rivers, 148 7.4.1 Flight planning and optimising system design, 148 7.4.2 Geodetic positioning, 150 7.5 River characterisation from LiDAR signals, 150 7.5.1 Altimetry and topography, 150 7.5.2 Prospective estimations, 152 7.6 LiDAR experiments on rivers: accuracies, limitations, 153 7.6.1 LiDAR for river morphology description: the Gardon River case study, 153 7.6.2 LiDAR and hydraulics: the Platte River experiment, 154 7.7 Conclusion and perspectives: the future for airborne LiDAR on rivers, 158 References, 158 8 Hyperspatial Imagery in Riverine Environments, 163 Patrice E. Carbonneau, Herv ´e Pi´egay, J ´ er ˆome Lejot, Robert Dunford and Kristell Michel 8.1 Introduction: The Hyperspatial Perspective, 163 8.2 Hyperspatial image acquisition, 166 8.2.1 Platform considerations, 166 8.2.2 Ground-tethered devices, 166 8.2.3 Camera considerations, 170 8.2.4 Logistics and costs, 172 8.3 Issues, potential problems and plausible solutions, 172 8.3.1 Georeferencing, 173 8.3.2 Radiometric normalisation, 176 8.3.3 Shadow correction, 176 8.3.4 Image classification, 179 8.3.5 Data mining and processing, 180 8.4 From data acquisition to fluvial form and process understanding, 182 8.4.1 Feature detection with hyperspatial imagery, 182 8.4.2 Repeated surveys through time, 183 8.5 Conclusion, 188 Acknowledgements, 189 References, 189 9 Geosalar: Innovative Remote Sensing Methods for Spatially Continuous Mapping of Fluvial Habitat at Riverscape Scale, 193 Normand Bergeron and Patrice E. Carbonneau 9.1 Introduction, 193 9.2 Study area and data collection, 194 9.3 Grain size mapping, 194 9.3.1 Superficial sand detection, 196 9.3.2 Airborne grain size measurements, 198 9.3.3 Riverscape scale grain size profile and fish distribution, 200 9.3.4 Limitations of airborne grain size mapping, 200 9.3.5 Example of application of grain size maps and long profiles to salmon habitat modelling, 201 9.4 Bathymetry mapping, 203 9.5 Further developments in the wake of the Geosalar project, 205 9.5.1 Integrating fluvial remote sensing methods, 205 9.5.2 Habitat data visualisation, 207 9.5.3 Development of in-house airborne imaging capabilities, 208 9.6 Flow velocity: mapping or modelling?, 209 9.7 Future work: Integrating fish exploitation of the riverscape, 211 9.8 Conclusion, 211 Acknowledgements, 212 References, 212 10 Image Utilisation for the Study and Management of Riparian Vegetation: Overview and Applications, 215 Simon Dufour, Etienne Muller, Menno Straatsma and S. Corgne 10.1 Introduction, 215 10.2 Image analysis in riparian vegetation studies: what can we know?, 217 10.2.1 Mapping vegetation types and land cover, 217 10.2.2 Mapping species and individuals, 220 10.2.3 Mapping changes and historical trajectories, 220 10.2.4 Mapping other floodplain characteristics, 220 10.3 Season and scale constraints in riparian vegetation studies, 221 10.3.1 Choosing an appropriate time window for detecting vegetation types, 221 10.3.2 Minimum detectable object size in the riparian zone, 221 10.3.3 Spatial/spectral equivalence for detecting changes, 221 10.4 From scientists’ tools to managers’ choices: what do we want to know? And how do we get it?, 223 10.4.1 Which managers? Which objectives? Which approach?, 224 10.4.2 Limitations of image-based approaches, 224 10.5 Examples of imagery applications and potentials for riparian vegetation study, 226 10.5.1 A low-cost strategy for monitoring changes in a floodplain forest: aerial photographs, 226 10.5.2 Flow resistance and vegetation roughness parametrisation: LiDAR and multispectral imagery, 228 10.5.3 Potential radar data uses for riparian vegetation characterisation, 230 10.6 Perspectives: from images to indicators, automatised and standardised processes, 233 Acknowledgements, 234 References, 234 11 Biophysical Characterisation of Fluvial Corridors at Reach to Network Scales, 241 Herv´e Pi´egay, Adrien Alber, J. Wesley Lauer, Anne-Julia Rollet and Elise Wiederkehr 11.1 Introduction, 241 11.2 What are the raw data available for a biophysical characterisation of fluvial corridors?, 242 11.3 How can we treat the information?, 243 11.3.1 What can we see?, 243 11.3.2 Strategy for exploring spatial information for understanding river form and processes, 245 11.3.3 Example of longitudinal generic parameters treatment using unorthorectified photos, 248 11.3.4 The aggregation/disaggregation procedure applied at a regional network scale, 250 11.4 Detailed examples to illustrate management issues, 253 11.4.1 Retrospective approach on the Ain River: understanding channel changes and providing a sediment budget, 254 11.4.2 The Droˆme network: example of up- and downscaling approach using homogeneous geomorphic reaches, 256 11.4.3 Inter-reach comparisons at a network scale, 259 11.5 Limitations and constraints when enlarging scales of interest, 261 11.6 Conclusions, 265 Acknowledgements, 265 References, 266 12 The Role of Remotely Sensed Data in Future Scenario Analyses at a Regional Scale, 271 Stan Gregory, Dave Hulse, M´ elanie Bertrand and Doug Oetter 12.1 Introduction, 271 12.1.1 The purposes of scenario-based alternative future analyses, 272 12.1.2 Processes of depicting alternative future scenarios, 272 12.1.3 Methods of employing remotely sensed information in alternative futures, 278 12.1.4 Alternative future scenarios for the Willamette River, Oregon as a case study, 278 12.2 Methods, 279 12.2.1 Ground truthing, 281 12.2.2 Use of remotely sensed data in the larger alternative futures project, 282 12.3 Land use/land cover changes since 1850, 282 12.4 Plan trend 2050 scenario, 283 12.5 Development 2050 scenario, 287 12.6 Conservation 2050 scenario, 287 12.7 Informing decision makers at subbasin extents, 289 12.8 Discussion, 291 Acknowledgements, 294 References, 294 13 The Use of Imagery in Laboratory Experiments, 299 Michal Tal, Philippe Frey, Wonsuck Kim, Eric Lajeunesse, Angela Limare and Franc¸ois M´etivier 13.1 Introduction, 299 13.2 Bedload transport, 300 13.2.1 Image-based technique to measure grainsize distribution and sediment discharge, 302 13.2.2 Particle trajectories and velocities using PTV, 304 13.3 Channel morphology and flow dynamics, 306 13.3.1 Experimental deltas, 308 13.3.2 Experimental river channels with riparian vegetation, 309 13.4 Bed topography and flow depth, 312 13.5 Conclusions, 317 Acknowledgements, 318 References, 318 14 Ground based LiDAR and its Application to the Characterisation of Fluvial Forms, 323 Andy Large and George Heritage 14.1 Introduction, 323 14.1.1 Terrestrial laser scanning in practice, 324 14.2 Scales of application in studies of river systems, 325 14.2.1 The sub-grain scale, 325 14.2.2 The grain scale, 325 14.2.3 The sub-bar unit scale, 327 14.2.4 In-channel hydraulic unit scale, 329 14.2.5 Micro-topographic roughness units, 330 14.2.6 The bar unit scale, 330 14.2.7 Reach-scale morphological analyses, 332 14.2.8 Terrestrial laser scanning at the landscape scale, 334 14.2.9 Towards a protocol for TLS surveying of fluvial systems, 336 References, 338 15 Applications of Close-range Imagery in River Research, 341 Walter Bertoldi, Herv´e Pi´egay, Thomas Buffin-B´ elanger, David Graham and Stephen Rice 15.1 Introduction, 341 15.2 Technologies and practices, 342 15.2.1 Technology, 342 15.2.2 Overview of possible applications, 344 15.3 Post-processing, 347 15.3.1 Analysis of vertical images for particle size, 347 15.3.2 Analysis of vertical images for particle shape, 349 15.3.3 Analysis of oblique ground images, 349 15.4 Application of vertical and oblique close-range imagery to monitor bed features and fluvial processes at different spatial and temporal scales, 350 15.4.1 Vertical ground imagery for characterising grain size, clast morphometry and petrography of particles, 350 15.4.2 Monitoring fluvial processes, 352 15.4.3 Survey of subaerial bank processes, 353 15.4.4 Inundation dynamics of braided rivers, 355 15.4.5 River ice dynamics, 356 15.4.6 Riparian structure and dead wood distributions along river corridors, 359 15.5 Summary of benefits and limitations, 361 15.6 Forthcoming issues for river management, 362 Acknowledgements, 363 References, 363 16 River Monitoring with Ground-based Videography, 367 Bruce J. MacVicar, Alexandre Hauet, Normand Bergeron, Laure Tougne and Imtiaz Ali 16.1 Introduction, 367 16.2 General considerations, 368 16.2.1 Flow visualisation and illumination, 368 16.2.2 Recording, 368 16.2.3 Image ortho-rectification, 369 16.3 Case 1 – Stream gauging, 369 16.3.1 Introduction, 369 16.3.2 Field site and apparatus, 370 16.3.3 Image processing, 370 16.3.4 Stream gauging, 371 16.3.5 Results, 371 16.4 Case 2 – Filtering bed and flare effects from LSPIV measurements, 372 16.4.1 Introduction, 372 16.4.2 Field site and apparatus, 373 16.4.3 Data filtering, 373 16.4.4 Results, 373 16.5 Case 3 – At-a-point survey of wood transport, 376 16.5.1 Introduction, 376 16.5.2 Field site and apparatus, 376 16.5.3 Manual detection and measurement, 376 16.5.4 Image segmentation and analysis, 377 16.5.5 Results, 379 16.6 Discussion and conclusion, 380 References, 381 17 Imagery at the Organismic Level: From Body Shape Descriptions to Micro-scale Analyses, 385 Pierre Sagnes 17.1 Introduction, 385 17.2 Morphological and anatomical description, 386 17.2.1 Identification, 386 17.2.2 Characterisation of life-history traits and ontogenetic stages, 390 17.2.3 Ecomorphological studies, 393 17.3 Abundance and biomass, 394 17.4 Detection of stress and diseases, 396 17.4.1 Direct visualisation of stress (or its effects), 396 17.4.2 Activity of organisms as stress indicator, 398 17.4.3 Fluctuating asymmetry as stress indicator, 398 17.5 Conclusion, 399 References, 399 18 Ground Imagery and Environmental Perception: Using Photo-questionnaires to Evaluate River Management Strategies, 405 Yves-Francois Le Lay, Marylise Cottet, Herv´e Pi´egay and Anne Rivi `ere-Honegger 18.1 Introduction, 405 18.2 Conceptual framework, 406 18.3 The design of photo-questionnaires, 409 18.3.1 The questionnaire and selection of photographs, 409 18.3.2 The attitude scales, 410 18.3.3 The selection of participant groups, 412 18.4 Applications with photo-questionnaires, 412 18.4.1 From judgment assessment to judgment prediction, 412 18.4.2 Comparing reactions between scenes and between observers, 415 18.4.3 Linking judgments to environmental factors, 417 18.4.4 Modelling and predicting water landscape judgments, 420 18.4.5 Photographs and landscape perception, a long history of knowledge production, 420 18.5 Conclusions and perspectives, 425 Acknowledgements, 426 References, 426 19 Future Prospects and Challenges for River Scientists and Managers, 431 Patrice E. Carbonneau and Herv´e Pi´egay References, 433 Index, 435

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Book SynopsisModeling the occurrence and behaviour of groundwater is a critical aspect to any groundwater studies, whether they're being done to plan a clean-up project or in the preliminary site studies for a planned future development. This book defines what GIS is, how to perform it, and how to use GIS technology in modeling groundwater.Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Flow Modeling. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Areal Extent of a Model. 1.3 Hydrological Boundaries to the Model. 1.4 Compilation of Geological Information. 1.4.1 Unconsolidated Environments. 1.4.2 Consolidated Rocks. 1.4.3 Metamorphic Rocks. 1.4.4 Igneous Rocks. 1.4.5 Representation of Geological Units. 1.5 Compilation of Hydrological Information. 1.5.1 Geohydrological Parameters. 1.5.2 Boundary Conditions. 1.5.3 Stresses. 1.6 Water-Table Condition. 1.6.1 Near-Surface Aquifer Zone. 1.6.2 Sharp-Interface Approximation of the Water Table. 1.6.3 Variably Saturated Water-Table Formulation. 1.6.4 Comparison of the Sharp-Interface and Variably Saturated Formulations. 1.7 Physical Dimensions of the Model. 1.7.1 Vertical Integration of the Flow Equation. 1.7.2 Free-Surface Condition. 1.8 Model Size. 1.9 Model Discretization. 1.9.1 Finite-Difference Approximations. 1.9.2 Finite-Element Approximations. 1.9.3 Two-Space Dimensional Approximations. 1.10 Finite-Difference Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.10.1 Model Boundary Conditions. 1.10.2 Model Initial Conditions. 1.11 Finite-Element Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.11.1 Boundary Conditions. 1.11.2 Initial Conditions. 1.12 Parameters. 1.13 Fractured and Cavernous Media. 1.14 Model Stresses. 1.14.1 Well Discharge or Recharge. 1.14.2 Rainfall. 1.14.3 Multiple Stress Periods. 1.15 Finite-Element Mesh. 1.16 Simulation. 1.16.1 Solution Algorithm. 1.16.2 Bandwidth. 1.16.3 Running PTC. 1.17 Output. 1.18 Calibration. 1.18.1 Model Building Guidelines. 1.18.2 Model Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.3 Additional Data-Collection and Model Development Guidelines. 1.18.4 Uncertainty-Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.5 Some Rules of Thumb. 1.19 Production Runs. 1.20 Summary. References. 2 Transport Modeling. 2.1 Compilation of Water-Quality Information. 2.2 Physical Dimensions. 2.3 Model Size. 2.4 Transport Equation. 2.4.1 Equilibrium or Adsorption Isotherms. 2.4.2 Mass Flux. 2.4.3 Example of Retardation. 2.5 Chemical Reactions. 2.6 Model Boundary Conditions. 2.7 Finite-Element Approximation. 2.8 Boundary Conditions 2.8.1 First-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.2 Second-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.3 Third-Type Boundary Condition. 2.9 Initial Conditions. 2.10 Model Parameters. 2.11 Model Stresses. 2.12 Running the Model. 2.13 Output. 2.14 Calibration. 2.15 Production Runs. 2.16 Summary. References. 3 Finite-Element versus Finite-Difference Simulation. 3.1 Elementary Application. 3.1.1 Groundwater Flow. 3.1.2 Groundwater Transport. 3.2 Comparison of Methods. 3.2.1 Graphical User Interfaces. 3.2.2 Model Formulation and Implementation. 3.2.3 Groundwater Flow. 3.2.4 Groundwater Transport. 3.3 Summary. Index.

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Book SynopsisPresents strategies for application development, interface design, and enabling Web-based access. Includes numerous case studies and examples from the private and public sectors. Provides information on integrating legacy MIS systems and planning for future developments in database design. Trade Review"The Design & Implementation of Geographic Information Systems is an effective reality check for those looking to implement a GIS." (GIS Monitor, June 2003)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Chapter 1: Introduction. Who Should Read This Book. What Is a Geographic Information System? Corporate or Enterprise Geographic Information Systems. The GIS Strategic Plan. Chapter 2: Before Design: Needs Assessment and Requirements Analysis. Organizational Involvement. Need for Education, Support, and Commitment of Management ? Corporate Implementation Takes Time. Manage Users? Expectations ? No Unrealistic Promises. Needs Assessment/Requirements Analysis. Assessing the Current Users. Categorizing Users. Other Factors with Users. Applications. Evaluating Existing Data. Accuracy. Completeness. Maintenance. Software Selection. Technical Environment. Assessing Costs and Benefits. Pulling the Needs Together. Chapter 3: Designing the GIS Database Schema. Elements of a Schema. Data Dictionary. Tables and Relationships. Metadata. Chapter 4: Designing Spatial Data. C hoosing the Appropriate M ix of Data Models. Choosing a Subset of Reality. The Two Principal Data Models. Layers and Objects. Representing Geographic Features. Topologic Relationships. Types of Spatial Objects. Issues around the Third Dimension. Accuracy, Precision, and Completeness. Accuracy Concerns ? Global Positioning Systems. Differential Processing. Accuracy across Layers. Choosing a Coordinate System and Map Projection. Decimal Longitude and Latitude or Projected Data. Characteristics of Map Projections. Spanning Existing Map Projection Zones. Selection of Projection for Large Areas. Spatial Indexing. Conclusions. Chapter 5: Design Issues for Attribute Data. General Principles: Fields in Both D and G Tables. Specific Principles for G Tables. Principles for Fields in D Tables. Designing Input Elements. Design of Output Elements. Application Design. Chapter 6: Remotely Sensed Data as Background Layers and Data Sources. Aerial Photography as Backdrop Information. Capture Data as Well? Dealing with the Images. Integrating Remotely Sensed Information with GIS. Questions to Ask. Chapter 7: Implementation: Data Development and Conversion. System Configuration and Product Architecture Plan. Data Development and Conversion Plan. Capturing Digital Data. Optical Character Recognition. In-House or Out-Source Data Development of Conversion. Selecting a Vendor. Perform a Pilot Project. Chapter 8: Implementation: Selecting Hardware and Software. Software Considerations. Evaluating Software. How to Select Your Software. Hardware Concerns. Networking Issues. Types of Networks. The Capacity of the Network. Chapter 9: Designing the Organization for GIS. Ownership of Geographic Information. User Roles. Staffing the Design and Implementation Process. Where to Put the GIS. Designing the Data Flow. Chapter 10: Early Management Concerns: Interacting with the System. User Roles. Managing User Roles. Managing Desktop Interfaces. Managing World Wide Web-Based Interfaces. GIS Interaction and the Organization. A New Committee. Evaluation. Access Controls. Controlling Public Access. Managing the System ? The Maintenance Plan. Data Dissemination. GIS Data Distribution through the World Wide Web. Summary. Index.

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Book SynopsisMany types of linear position sensors are used in commercial, industrial, and automotive products and equipment. This book explains the theory behind the various technologies used and shows how they are implemented in practice.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Sensor Definitions and Conventions. 1.1 Is It a Sensor or a Transducer? 1.2 Position versus Displacement. 1.3 Absolute or Incremental Reading. 1.4 Contact or Contactless Sensing and Actuation. 1.5 Linear and Angular Configurations. 1.6 Application versus Sensor Technology. 2. Specifications. 2.1 About Position Sensor Specifications. 2.2 Measuring Range. 2.3 Zero and Span. 2.4 Repeatability. 2.5 Nonlinearity. 2.6 Hysteresis. 2.7 Calibrated Accuracy. 2.8 Drift. 2.9 What Does All This about Accuracy Mean to Me? 2.10 Temperature Effects. 2.11 Response Time. 2.12 Output Types. 2.13 Shock and Vibration. 2.14 EMI/EMC. 2.15 Power Requirements. 2.16 Intrinsic Safety, Explosion Proofing, and Purging. 2.17 Reliability. 3. Resistive Sensing. 3.1 Resistive Position Transducers. 3.2 Resistance. 3.3 History of Resistive Linear Position Transducers. 3.4 Linear Position Transducer Design. 3.5 Resistive Element. 3.6 Wiper. 3.7 Linear Mechanics. 3.8 Signal Conditioning. 3.9 Advantages and Disadvantages. 3.10 Performance Specifications. 3.11 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 4. Capacitive Sensing. 4.1 Capacitive Position Transducers. 4.2 Capacitance. 4.3 Dielectric Constant. 4.4 History of Capacitive Sensors. 4.5 Capacitive Position Transducer Design. 4.6 Electronic Circuits for Capacitive Transducers. 4.7 Guard Electrodes. 4.8 EMI/RFI. 4.9 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 5. Inductive Sensing. 5.1 Inductive Position Transducers. 5.2 Inductance. 5.3 Permeability. 5.4 History of Inductive Sensors. 5.5 Inductive Position Transducer Design. 5.6 Coil. 5.7 Core. 5.8 Signal Conditioning. 5.9 Advantages. 5.10 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 6. The LVDT. 6.1 LVDT Position Transducers. 6.2 History of the LVDT. 6.3 LVDT Position Transducer Design. 6.4 Coils. 6.5 Core. 6.6 Carrier Frequency. 6.7 Demodulation. 6.8 Signal Conditioning. 6.9 Advantages. 6.10 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 7. The Hall Effect. 7.1 Hall Effect Transducers. 7.2 The Hall Effect. 7.3 History of the Hall Effect. 7.4 Hall Effect Position Transducer Design. 7.5 Hall Effect Element. 7.6 Electronics. 7.7 Linear Arrays. 7.8 Advantages. 7.9 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 8. Magnetoresistive Sensing. 8.1 Magnetoresistive Transducers. 8.2 Magnetoresistance. 8.3 History of Magnetoresistive Sensors. 8.4 Magnetoresistive Position Transducer Design. 8.5 Magnetoresistive Element. 8.6 Linear Arrays. 8.7 Electronics. 8.8 Advantages. 8.9 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 9. Magnetostrictive Sensing. 9.1 Magnetostrictive Transducers. 9.2 Magnetostriction. 9.3 History of Magnetostrictive Sensors. 9.4 Magnetostrictive Position Transducer Design. 9.5 Waveguide. 9.6 Position Magnet. 9.7 Pickup Devices. 9.8 Damp. 9.9 Electronics. 9.10 Advantages. 9.11 Typical Performance Specifications. 9.12 Application. 10. Encoders. 10.1 Linear Encoders. 10.2 History of Encoders. 10.3 Construction. 10.4 Absolute versus Incremental Encoders. 10.5 Optical Encoders. 10.6 Magnetic Encoders. 10.7 Quadrature. 10.8 Binary versus Gray Code. 10.9 Electronics. 10.10 Advantages. 10.11 Typical Performance Specification and Applications. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisSatellites are able to gather a wide variety of data for earth scientists. This book presents both the theory and practical applications of remote sensing satellite data to geological problems. The applications include: mineral explorations, hydrocarbon exploration, stratigraphy, engineering geology, and environmental studies.Trade Review"...a significant and stimulating new book." (The Photogrammetric Record, October 2000)Table of ContentsSPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS. Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals and Principles of Spectroscopy (R. Clark). Multispectral Thermal Infrared Data in Geological Studies (S. Hook, et al.). Soil Reflectance (E. Ben-Dor, et al.). Geobotany: Vegetation Mapping in Earth Science (S. Ustin, et al.). ANALYSIS. Spectral Analysis for Earth Science Investigation (J. Mustard & J. Sunshine). Integration and Visualization of Geoscience Data (J. Harris, et al.). APPLICATIONS. Stratigraphy (H. Lang). Strategies for Mineral Exploration (C. Sabine). Hydrocarbon Exploration (J. Berry & G. Prost). Planetary Geology (J. Bell, et al.). SENSORS/CASE STUDIES. Visible and Infrared: Sensors and Case Studies (F. Kruse). Radar: Sensors and Case Studies (J. Plaut, et al.). Geophysical Methods (J. Broome). Index.

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Book SynopsisGeographical Weighted Regression (GWR) is a new local modellingtechnique for analysing spatial analysis. This technique allowslocal as opposed to global models of relationships to be measuredand mapped. This is the first and only book on this technique,offering comprehensive coverage on this new ''hot'' topic in spatialanalysis. * Provides step-by-step examples of how to use the GWR model usingdata sets and examples on issues such as house price determinants,educational attainment levels and school performance statistics * Contains a broad discussion of and basic concepts on GWR throughto ideas on statistical inference for GWR models * uniquely features accompanying author-written software thatallows users to undertake sophisticated and complex forms of GWRwithin a user-friendly, Windows-based, front-end (see book fordetails).Trade Review"...this excellent volume..." (Geomatics World, July/August 2003)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements.Local Statistics and Local Models for Spatial Data. Geographically Weighted Regression: The Basics. Extensions to the Basic GWR Model. Statistical Inference and Geographically Weighted Regression. GWR and Spatial Autocorrelation. Scale Issues and Geographically Weighted Regression. Geographically Weighted Local Statistics. Extensions of Geographically Weighting. Software for Geographically Weighted Regression. Epilogue. Bibliography.Index.

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Book SynopsisExploit the advantages of Geographic Information Systems in your business Once the domain of cartographers and other specialists, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are increasingly being employed by the business community. Location-based services, supply chain management, management of field-distributed equipment, geographical marketing and promotion, and the spatial web are some of the current business applications which make use of GIS principles. Written specifically for the businessperson, Geo-Business: GIS in the Digital Organization is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of GIS applications in the business and organizational environment. Going beyond a strictly geographical focus, this book sets GIS in the context of business information systems and other business sub-disciplines such as logistics, marketing, finance, and strategic management. It presents from an organizational perspective the advantages of spatially enabling existing enteTrade Review"This book is both an introduction to the field for IS people and a reference work that will be consulted as GIS problems and applications are encountered. The author is one of the few information systems people who have worked on GIS at both the practical and research levels over many years. Particularly useful are the references at the ends of the chapters, which point to places where a deeper understanding of each issue can be obtained. There is a lot here and all of it is useful." (Information Systems Management, June 2008) "Pick's new book, is one of the few business-oriented GIS books to be written in the last several years." (Geoplace.com; 1/18/08)Table of Contents1. GIS in the Digital Economy. 2. Information Systems and GIS. 3. Supporting Business Decisions. 4. Enterprise Applications. 5. Customer Facing GIS: Web, E-Commerce, and Mobile Solutions. 6. Spatial Systems Development. 7. The Value of Investing in GIS. 8. Managing Spatial Data. 9. Organizational and Industry Aspects. 10. Industries and Outsourcing. 11. Ethical, Legal, and Security Issues of Spatial Technologies. 12. GIS and Business Strategy.

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Book SynopsisThis unique work introduces the basic principles of artificial intelligence with applications in geographical teaching and research, GIS, and planning. Written in an accessible, non-technical and witty style, this book marks the beginning of the Al revolution in geography with major implications for teaching and research.Table of ContentsArtificial Intelligence and Geography. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence. Heuristic Search in Geography. Expert Systems and Intelligent Knowledge-based Systems. Neurocomputing. Applying Artificial Neural Networks. Evolutionary Computation, Genetic Algorithms, Evolution Strategiesand Genetic Programming. Artificial Life. Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing. Conclusions and Epilogue. Index.

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Book SynopsisA critical issue which is fundamentally affecting the development of the Earth Observation sector is not so much the technology but the data policy. The conditions which govern access to the data, distribution of the data and the price of the data are now vital to the exploitation of this important environmental data resource.Table of ContentsInfluencing Factors. Existing Policies and Policy Making Processes. Physical Access to Earth Observation Data. Data Protection. Data Pricing Policy. Data Preservation. Conclusions and Recommendations. Appendix. References. Index.

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