Geographical information systems Books
Pelagic Publishing An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis: Remote
Book SynopsisThis is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their research. It will allow readers to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis introduces spatial data handling using the open source software Quantum GIS (QGIS). In addition, readers will be guided through their first steps in the R programming language. The authors explain the fundamentals of spatial data handling and analysis, empowering the reader to turn data acquired in the field into actual spatial data. Readers will learn to process and analyse spatial data of different types and interpret the data and results. After finishing this book, readers will be able to address questions such as “What is the distance to the border of the protected area?”, “Which points are located close to a road?”, “Which fraction of land cover types exist in my study area?” using different software and techniques. This book is for novice spatial data users and does not assume any prior knowledge of spatial data itself or practical experience working with such data sets. Readers will likely include student and professional ecologists, geographers and any environmental scientists or practitioners who need to collect, visualize and analyse spatial data. The software used is the widely applied open source scientific programs QGIS and R. All scripts and data sets used in the book will be provided online at book.ecosens.org. This book covers specific methods including: what to consider before collecting in situ data how to work with spatial data collected in situ the difference between raster and vector data how to acquire further vector and raster data how to create relevant environmental information how to combine and analyse in situ and remote sensing data how to create useful maps for field work and presentations how to use QGIS and R for spatial analysis how to develop analysis scripts Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction and overview 1.1 Spatial data 1.2 First spatial data analysis 1.3 Next steps Part I. Data acquisition, data preparation and map creation 2. Data acquisition 2.1 Spatial data for a research question 2.2 AOI 2.3 Thematic raster map acquisition 2.4 Thematic vector map acquisition 2.5 Satellite sensor data acquisition 2.6 Summary and further reading 3. Data preparation 3.1 Deciding on a projection 3.2 Reprojecting raster and vector layers 3.3 Clipping to an AOI 3.4 Stacking raster layers 3.5 Visualizing a raster stack as RGB 3.6 Summary and further reading 4. Creating maps 4.1 Maps in QGIS 4.2 Maps for presentations 4.3 Maps with statistical information 4.4 Common mistakes and recommendations 4.5 Summary and further reading Part II. Spatial field data acquisition and auxiliary data 5. Field data planning and preparation 5.1 Field sampling strategies 5.2 From GIS to global positioning system (GPS) 5.3 On-screen digitization 5.4 Summary and further reading6. Field sampling using a global positioning system (GPS) 97 6.1 GPS in the field 98 6.2 GPX from GPS 101 6.3 Summary 102 7. From global positioning system (GPS) to geographic information system (GIS) 103 7.1 Joint coordinates and measurement sheet 104 7.2 Separate coordinates and measurement sheet 105 7.3 Point measurement to information 106 7.4 Summary 108 Part III. Data analysis and new spatial information 8. Vector data analysis 110 8.1 Percentage area covered 114 8.2 Spatial distances 118 8.3 Summary and further analyses 121 9. Raster analysis 122 9.1 Spectral landscape indices 122 9.2 Topographic indices 128 9.3 Spectral landscape categories 128 9.4 Summary and further analysis 133 10. Raster-vector intersection 134 10.1 Point statistics 135 10.2 Zonal statistics 136 10.3 Summary 138 Part IV. Spatial coding 11. Introduction to coding 140 11.1 Why use the command line and what is ‘R’? 140 11.2 Getting started 142 11.3 Your very first command 142 11.4 Classes of data 144 11.5 Data indexing (subsetting) 145 11.6 Importing and exporting data 147 11.7 Functions 148 11.8 Loops 149 11.9 Scripts 149 11.10 Expanding functionality 150 11.11 Bugs, problems and challenges 151 11.12 Notation 152 11.13 Summary and further reading 15212. Getting started with spatial coding 153 12.1 Spatial data in R 153 12.2 Importing and exporting data 158 12.3 Modifying spatial data 162 12.4 Downloading spatial data from within R 166 12.5 Organization of spatial analysis scripts 170 12.6 Summary 171 13. Spatial analysis in R 172 13.1 Vegetation indices 172 13.2 Digital elevation model (DEM) derivatives 174 13.3 Classification 175 13.4 Raster-vector interaction 179 13.5 Calculating and saving aggregated values 182 13.6 Summary and further reading 184 14. Creating graphs in R 185 14.1 Aggregated environmental information 185 14.2 Non-aggregated environmental information 189 14.3 Finalizing and saving the plot 194 14.4 Summary and further reading 195 15. Creating maps in R 196 15.1 Vector data 197 15.2 Plotting study area data 202 15.3 Summary and further reading 206 Afterword and acknowledgements 207 References 209 Index 210
£31.34
Pelagic Publishing Remote Sensing and GIS for Ecologists: Using Open
Book SynopsisThis is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their daily work. It will allow ecologists to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. All practical examples in this book rely on OpenSource software and freely available data sets. Quantum GIS (QGIS) is introduced for basic GIS data handling, and in-depth spatial analytics and statistics are conducted with the software packages R and GRASS. Readers will learn how to apply remote sensing within ecological research projects, how to approach spatial data sampling and how to interpret remote sensing derived products. The authors discuss a wide range of statistical analyses with regard to satellite data as well as specialised topics such as time-series analysis. Extended scripts on how to create professional looking maps and graphics are also provided. This book is a valuable resource for students and scientists in the fields of conservation and ecology interested in learning how to get started in applying remote sensing in ecological research and conservation planning.Trade ReviewRemote Sensing and GIS for Ecologists could become an essential undergraduate-level textbook, but it is also a guide to practising ecologists who want to broaden their toolkit. * Conservation Biology *We recommend this book not only as an interesting and informative guide to remote sensing concepts, but also as a vehicle to quickly delve into hands-on processing and analysis of remote sensing data to answer many questions relevant to landscape ecologists. -- Danica Schaffer-Smith and Jennifer J. Swenson * Landscape Ecology *Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Spatial Data and Software 2 Introduction to Remote Sensing and GIS 3 Where to Obtain Spatial Data? 4 Spatial Data Analysis for Ecologists: First Steps 5 Pre-Processing Remote Sensing Data 6 Field Data for Remote Sensing Data Analysis 7 From Spectral to Ecological Information 8 Land Cover or Image Classification Approaches 9 Land Cover Change or Change Detection 10 Continuous Land Cover Information 11 Time Series Analysis 12 Spatial Land Cover Pattern Analysis 13 Modelling Species Distributions 14 Introduction to the added value of Animal Movement Analysis and Remote Sensing Outlook and Acknowledgements Index
£40.82
Springer Mapping Antarctica: A Five Hundred Year Record of
Book SynopsisEveryone likes maps and maps are always used to illustrate the many books on the Antarctic. Here the focus is reversed with contemporary maps telling the story – one that should be attractive to the widest audience as it is a unique approach complimenting what has gone before and providing something different for all interested in Antarctica.Trade ReviewFrom the book reviews:“Australia-based authors Clancy (Univ. of Newcastle), Manning (Monash Univ.), and Brolsma (Australian Antarctic Division) have produced a remarkable archive of maps of Antarctica with extensive annotation. … Annotations to each map, or group of maps, introduce fascinating detail rarely assembled in one place. … Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through researchers/faculty; general readers.” (J. D. Ives, Choice, Vol. 52 (6), February, 2015)“The fascinating book is about the discovery and exploration of Antarctica. … is a great read as it provides a comprehensive coverage of the story of Antarctica. It addresses a broad audience from modern cartographers as well as historic map collectors.” (bergbuch.info, March, 2014)Table of ContentsIntroduction.- The Concept: From Ptolemy to Cook.-Arctic and Antarctic regions are not Poles apart.- The Reality: Cook to the International Geographical Congress.- The Heroic Age: Heroes, Legends and Land.- Wings over the Continent: From Wilkins to War.- A Second World War and a New Order of Business.- Antarctica Comes of Age: Windows of the World (1960–2000).- Post–2000: A new concept of mapping.- Tourism: A different explorer.
£42.74
Springer Nature Switzerland AG Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography
Book SynopsisExplore the beauty and awe of the heavens through the rich celestial prints and star atlases offered in this third edition book. The author traces the development of celestial cartography from ancient to modern times, describes the relationships between different star maps and atlases, and relates these notions to our changing ideas about humanity’s place in the universe. Also covered in this book are more contemporary cosmological ideas, constellation representations, and cartographic advances.The text is enriched with 226 images (141 in color) from actual, antiquarian celestial books and atlases, each one with an explanation of unique astronomical and cartographic features. This never-before-available hardcover edition includes two new chapters on pictorial style maps and celestial images in art, as well over 50 new images. Additionally, the color plates are now incorporated directly into the text, providing readers with a vibrant, immersive look into the history of star maps.Trade Review“I found this to be a very fascinating aspect of this comprehensive work. I have read a number of books on the history of celestial cartography, but none with the depth and wealth of information on this important part of the history of astronomy. … I highly recommend this book to students of the history of astronomy or anyone interested in observing the night sky.” (Robert Garfinkle, Journal of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Vol. 63 (4), 2021)“This third edition has certainly profited from the changes and additions, all of which ensure that Kanas’s work remains the primary reference compendium for celestial cartography, just as it continues to offer an enjoyable initiation into the history of astronomy.” (Thomas Horst and Luís Tirapicos, Imago Mundi, Vol. 73 (1), 2021)“As an often-awe-struck observer of the heavens and a map enthusiast who has always admired the beauty of celestial maps, I think Nick Kanas’s book is a useful resource for any collector of celestial maps, anyone with more than a passing or casual interest in astronomy, anyone with a keen interest in the history of astronomy and astronomical instruments, or any combination thereof.” (Gretchen Hause, The Portolan, Issue 110, Spring, 2021)“This is a work that contains many items of relevance to astronomers, who will find the illustrations of atlases and charts of particular interest, albeit with many failings in the text and descriptions. It is probably of more interest to collectors of antiquarian maps (and even they will have some problems using it).” (Storm Dunlop, The Observatory, Vol. 140 (1278), October, 2020)“You get a real bang for your buck with Kanas’s tome. Now in its third edition, the book is well written, thoroughly researched, and beautifully illustrated with 226 images (141 in color) from actual antiquarian books and atlases. … Star Maps should greatly appeal to amateur astronomers, map collectors, and historians of astronomy and art.” (Peter Tyson, Sky & Telescope, August, 2020)“Star Maps’s comprehensiveness, for all its jackdaw tendencies, is on balance a virtue. Like a curiosity shop packed to the rafters, it almost certainly has what you’re looking for tucked away somewhere.” (Jonathan Crowe, Calafia Journal, Issue 01, 2020)“Star Maps excels in the clarity of its writing, is highly accurate throughout, and will serve as the authoritative work on its subject for a very long time to come. This reviewer has a growing collection of astronomy books of well over a thousand in number now, and would include Star Maps as one among a small selection of books from his library he would say deserves to be read by every person interested in the history of astronomy.” (Alan Agrawal, Diablo Moonwatch, January, 2020)Table of ContentsPreface to Third Edition.- Foreword to First Edition.- Preface to First Edition.- Acknowledgments.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- List of abbreviations and acronyms.- Chapter 1: What is a star map?.- Chapter 2: Non-European cosmology and constellation development.- Chapter 3: European cosmology.- Chapter 4: European constellation development.- Chapter 5: Early European star maps.- Chapter 6: The "Big Four" of the Golden Age of imaged star maps.- Chapter 7: Other important star maps of the Golden Age.- Chapter 8: Special topics.- Chapter 9: Mapping the stars in early America.- Chapter 10: The transition to non-imaged star maps.- Chapter 11: Terrestrial and celestial pictorial maps.- Chapter 12: Celestial images in artistic paintings.- Appendices.- Appendix A: Collecting celestial maps and prints.- Appendix B: Supplementary reference catalog.- Appendix C: Indices of major constellation atlases.- Appendix D: The British Library "Kings's" edition.- Appendix E: Glossary.- Index.
£42.74
Pelagic Publishing An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis: Remote
Book SynopsisThis is a book about how ecologists can integrate remote sensing and GIS in their research. It will allow readers to get started with the application of remote sensing and to understand its potential and limitations. Using practical examples, the book covers all necessary steps from planning field campaigns to deriving ecologically relevant information through remote sensing and modelling of species distributions. An Introduction to Spatial Data Analysis introduces spatial data handling using the open source software Quantum GIS (QGIS). In addition, readers will be guided through their first steps in the R programming language. The authors explain the fundamentals of spatial data handling and analysis, empowering the reader to turn data acquired in the field into actual spatial data. Readers will learn to process and analyse spatial data of different types and interpret the data and results. After finishing this book, readers will be able to address questions such as “What is the distance to the border of the protected area?”, “Which points are located close to a road?”, “Which fraction of land cover types exist in my study area?” using different software and techniques. This book is for novice spatial data users and does not assume any prior knowledge of spatial data itself or practical experience working with such data sets. Readers will likely include student and professional ecologists, geographers and any environmental scientists or practitioners who need to collect, visualize and analyse spatial data. The software used is the widely applied open source scientific programs QGIS and R. All scripts and data sets used in the book will be provided online at book.ecosens.org. This book covers specific methods including: what to consider before collecting in situ data how to work with spatial data collected in situ the difference between raster and vector data how to acquire further vector and raster data how to create relevant environmental information how to combine and analyse in situ and remote sensing data how to create useful maps for field work and presentations how to use QGIS and R for spatial analysis how to develop analysis scripts Table of ContentsPreface 1. Introduction and overview 1.1 Spatial data 1.2 First spatial data analysis 1.3 Next steps Part I. Data acquisition, data preparation and map creation 2. Data acquisition 2.1 Spatial data for a research question 2.2 AOI 2.3 Thematic raster map acquisition 2.4 Thematic vector map acquisition 2.5 Satellite sensor data acquisition 2.6 Summary and further reading 3. Data preparation 3.1 Deciding on a projection 3.2 Reprojecting raster and vector layers 3.3 Clipping to an AOI 3.4 Stacking raster layers 3.5 Visualizing a raster stack as RGB 3.6 Summary and further reading 4. Creating maps 4.1 Maps in QGIS 4.2 Maps for presentations 4.3 Maps with statistical information 4.4 Common mistakes and recommendations 4.5 Summary and further reading Part II. Spatial field data acquisition and auxiliary data 5. Field data planning and preparation 5.1 Field sampling strategies 5.2 From GIS to global positioning system (GPS) 5.3 On-screen digitization 5.4 Summary and further reading6. Field sampling using a global positioning system (GPS) 97 6.1 GPS in the field 98 6.2 GPX from GPS 101 6.3 Summary 102 7. From global positioning system (GPS) to geographic information system (GIS) 103 7.1 Joint coordinates and measurement sheet 104 7.2 Separate coordinates and measurement sheet 105 7.3 Point measurement to information 106 7.4 Summary 108 Part III. Data analysis and new spatial information 8. Vector data analysis 110 8.1 Percentage area covered 114 8.2 Spatial distances 118 8.3 Summary and further analyses 121 9. Raster analysis 122 9.1 Spectral landscape indices 122 9.2 Topographic indices 128 9.3 Spectral landscape categories 128 9.4 Summary and further analysis 133 10. Raster-vector intersection 134 10.1 Point statistics 135 10.2 Zonal statistics 136 10.3 Summary 138 Part IV. Spatial coding 11. Introduction to coding 140 11.1 Why use the command line and what is ‘R’? 140 11.2 Getting started 142 11.3 Your very first command 142 11.4 Classes of data 144 11.5 Data indexing (subsetting) 145 11.6 Importing and exporting data 147 11.7 Functions 148 11.8 Loops 149 11.9 Scripts 149 11.10 Expanding functionality 150 11.11 Bugs, problems and challenges 151 11.12 Notation 152 11.13 Summary and further reading 15212. Getting started with spatial coding 153 12.1 Spatial data in R 153 12.2 Importing and exporting data 158 12.3 Modifying spatial data 162 12.4 Downloading spatial data from within R 166 12.5 Organization of spatial analysis scripts 170 12.6 Summary 171 13. Spatial analysis in R 172 13.1 Vegetation indices 172 13.2 Digital elevation model (DEM) derivatives 174 13.3 Classification 175 13.4 Raster-vector interaction 179 13.5 Calculating and saving aggregated values 182 13.6 Summary and further reading 184 14. Creating graphs in R 185 14.1 Aggregated environmental information 185 14.2 Non-aggregated environmental information 189 14.3 Finalizing and saving the plot 194 14.4 Summary and further reading 195 15. Creating maps in R 196 15.1 Vector data 197 15.2 Plotting study area data 202 15.3 Summary and further reading 206 Afterword and acknowledgements 207 References 209 Index 210
£72.00
Guilford Publications Introduction to Remote Sensing Sixth Edition
Book SynopsisNow in full color, the sixth edition of this leading text features new chapters on remote sensing platforms (including the latest satellite and unmanned aerial systems), agriculture (including agricultural analysis via satellite imagery), and forestry (including fuel type mapping and fire monitoring). The book has introduced tens of thousands of students to the fundamentals of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting remotely sensed images. It presents cutting-edge tools and practical applications to land and water use analysis, natural resource management, climate change adaptation, and more. Each concise chapter is designed as an independent unit that instructors can use in any sequence. Pedagogical features include over 400 figures, chapter-opening lists of topics, case studies, end-of-chapter review questions, and links to recommended online videos and tutorials. New to This Edition *Discussions of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2; the growth of unmanned aerial systemsTrade Review"This outstanding text provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of a rapidly developing, interdisciplinary field. The book has helped prepare a generation of remote sensing scientists, and remains relevant and important today. The sixth edition's discussions of unmanned aerial systems and small satellites are timely; this edition also has a greater emphasis on digital imagery and its processing. Suitable for undergraduate and graduate students, the text contains sufficient content for one or more remote sensing courses. It has a focus on land remote sensing and develops natural, urban, ecological, hydrological, and other land-cover/land-use applications very well."--J. B. Sharma, PhD, Professor Emeritus and Eminent Scholar, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Georgia "I have found prior editions to cover all the topics I want my students to learn in Introductory Remote Sensing. In the sixth edition, the updated chapter on land observation satellites provides a nice overview of optical systems currently in operation, as well as history of the longer programs. The section on satellite systems in Chapter 3 provides some good background on the parts of satellites and their characteristics like orbit, footprints, and constellations. Other updates include a shorter chapter on the history of remote sensing, a new chapter on forestry, and some reorganization of the chapters. I look forward to adopting the sixth edition!"--Mary C. Henry, PhD, Department of Geography, Miami University "Introduction to Remote Sensing has an excellent reputation as one of the preeminent textbooks for undergraduate courses in remote sensing and image processing. As a university instructor, I first used this text in 1996. Twenty-five years later, the sixth edition has evolved to keep pace with a highly technical discipline. The book captures how the field has changed in terms of remote sensing technologies, image processing techniques, and software packages. We are entering an era where new sensing technologies and publicly available high-resolution satellite data are readily accessible and available for short- and long-term studies; the opportunities provided by these changes are described in detail in the sixth edition. I thank the authors for their diligence in providing up-to-date information in this dynamic area. Congratulations!"--Paul Treitz, PhD, Department of Geography and Planning, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada "The sixth edition of this classic text covers the fundamental principles of remote sensing as well as applications. A particular strength of the text is its coverage of the historical development of the field, from the first aerial photographs and Landsat satellites to today's small satellites, unmanned aircraft, and mobile sensors. The development of new sensor technologies, such as different types of lidar, is well described. Each chapter ends with lists of learning resources on the Internet, review questions, and references. I recommend this sixth edition as both a core text for undergraduate and graduate courses and a useful reference for remote sensing professionals."--Håkan Olsson, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Forest Remote Sensing, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences-An outstanding guide….This book is an excellent text for an introductory remote sensing course. It is also an appropriate addition to anyone's library who is trying hard to keep up with all the changes in the remote sensing technology. This book has a valued place on my bookshelf. (on the fifth edition)--Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 06/01/2012ƒƒThe text provides comprehensive coverage of principal topics and serves as a framework for organizing the vast amount of remote sensing information available on the web. Featuring case studies and review questions, the book's chapters are carefully designed as independent units that instructors can select from as needed for their courses. (on the fifth edition)--Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin, 12/01/2011Table of ContentsI. Foundations 1. Introducing Remote Sensing Basics 2. Electromagnetic Radiation 3. Remote Sensing Platforms II. Image Acquisition 4. Digital Mapping Cameras 5. Digital Imagery 6. Image Interpretation 7. Land Observation Satellites 8. Active Microwave 9. Lidar 10. Thermal Imagery III. Analysis 11. Statistics and Preprocessing 12. Image Classification 13. Accuracy Assessment 14. Hyperspectral Remote Sensing 15. Change Detection IV. Applications 16. Plant Science Fundamentals 17. Agricultural Remote Sensing 18. Forestry 19. Earth Sciences 20. Coastal Processes and Landforms 21. Land Use and Land Cover Index
£78.84
Cambridge University Press Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere
Book SynopsisThis updated edition includes recent advances in data acquisition, spectral data analysis, and new understanding of spatial and temporal variations in the strength of the lithosphere in its response to loading. An invaluable resource to students and researchers, it uses a simplified mathematical treatment and includes numerous geological examples.Trade Review'The second edition of this classic book offers an in-depth analysis of the numerous land, ocean, and planetary processes that are produced and modified by lithospheric flexure. Topics range from the theory of bending and deformation of thin elastic plates, to the relationships between gravity and topography, to the interaction of flexural and erosional processes and their geological interpretation. Throughout the book there are sections on the historical developments of all these topics. This new edition includes updates on yield strength envelope models for the lithosphere and the interpretation of new gravity and topography measured by satellite missions orbiting the Earth and other planets. Whether you are a geologist, geophysicist, or simply an enthusiast seeking a deeper understanding of the Earth's geological processes, Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere is an invaluable resource.' David Sandwell, University of California, San Diego'second edition of this classic book offers an in-depth analysis of the numerous land, ocean, and planetary processes that are produced and modified by lithospheric flexure. Whether you are a geologist, geophysicist, or simply an enthusiast seeking a deeper understanding of the Earth's geological processes, Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere is an invaluable resource.' David Sandwell, University of California, San DiegoReviews of the first edition: '… there is no question but that this book is the authoritative word on isostasy and flexure.' Marcia McNutt, EOS'… a superb book which covers a lot of ground on a fundamental topic of general importance to Earth scientists.' Paul Wessel, Geological Magazine'Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere provides an excellent guide for those applying flexural isostasy to practical problems. It is also a starting point for those wishing to learn more about the actual physics of Earth's lithosphere.' Norman Sleep, Physics Today'Accessible and authoritative, this book will be of interest to a wide range of geologists and geophysicists. For students it would serve as an excellent companion to plate tectonics and geodynamics texts.' Rick Saltus, The Leading Edge'This is a wonderful book, which satisfies and important need and contains material of interest to a variety of Earth (and planetary) scientists, from an author who has been closely associated with important developments in this field over the past three decades.' John Woodside, The Leading Edge'… readable and very useful … it is an absolute bargain. Graduate students, advanced undergraduates and professionals will enjoy this volume and find it very useful in future work.' James S. McClain, Episodes'The opening two chapters are an addictive introduction to the history of isostasy. Watts quickens the pulse and opens the mind with his well-balanced descriptions of spectacular geology, perilous expeditions and scholarly Victorian disputes.' John Maclennan, Institut de Physique du Globe de ParisTable of Contents1. The Development of the Concept of Isostasy; 2. Isostasy and Flexure of the Lithosphere; 3. Theory of Elastic Plates; 4. Geological Examples of the Flexure Model of Isostasy; 5. Isostatic Response Functions; 6. Isostasy and the Physical Nature of the Lithosphere; 7. Isostasy and the Origin of Geological Features in the Continents and Oceans; 8. Isostasy and the Terrestrial Planets; References; Index.
£61.74
McGraw-Hill Education Mastering ArcGIS Pro ISE
Book SynopsisMastering ArcGIS Pro introduces the basic ideas behind GIS, teaching the concepts and skills needed to enter this rapidly evolving industry or use GIS in your current discipline. Based on the widely used ArcGIS software developed by Esri, Inc., this text integrates learning fundamental concepts with practicing software skills and is suitable for classroom use or for professionals studying independently.Table of ContentsPREFACEINTRODUCTIONCHAPTER 1. WHAT IS GIS?CHAPTER 2. MAPPING GIS DATACHAPTER 3. PRESENTING GIS DATACHAPTER 4. COORDINATE SYSTEMSCHAPTER 5. MANAGING VECTOR DATACHAPTER 6. MANAGING RASTER DATACHAPTER 7. ATTRIBUTE DATACHAPTER 8. EDITINGCHAPTER 9. QUERIESCHAPTER 10. JOINS AND OVERLAYCHAPTER 11. RASTER ANALYSISCHAPTER 12. SHARING GIS
£51.29
Taylor & Francis How to Make Maps
Book SynopsisThe goal of How to Make Maps is to equip readers with the foundational knowledge of concepts they need to conceive, design, and produce maps in a legible, clear, and coherent manner, drawing from both classical and modern theory in cartography.This book is appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students who are beginning a course of study in geospatial sciences or who wish to begin producing their own maps. While the book assumes no a priori knowledge or experience with geospatial software, it may also serve GIS analysts and technicians who wish to explore the principles of cartographic design.The first part of the book explores the key decisions behind every map, with the aim of providing the reader with a solid foundation in fundamental cartography concepts. Chapters 1 through 3 review foundational mapping concepts and some of the decisions that are a part of every map. This is followed by a discussion of the guiding principles of cartographic dTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Mapping concepts 3. The language of maps 4. Cartographic design 5. Coordinate systems and projections 6. Text and typography 7. Color in cartography 8. 3D, animated, and web cartography 9. Scholarly research in cartography 10. Data in mapping 11. GIS and graphics software 12. Examples from the field Appendix 1: Map gallery, “Maps from the wild” Appendix 2: Sources of spatial data Appendix 3: Eleven guidelines for constructing and critiquing maps Appendix 4: Professional cartography societies Glossary
£35.14
Elsevier Science Comprehensive Remote Sensing
Book Synopsis
£2,802.50
Oxford University Press Principles of Geographical Information Systems
Book SynopsisGeographical data are used in so many aspects of our lives today, ranging from disaster relief operations through to finding directions on our mobile phones. We can all be data collectors, adding locational information as we capture digitally our day-to-day experiences. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are the software tools that facilitate this, turning the raw data into useful information that can help us understand our worlds better.Principles of Geographical Information Systems presents a thorough overview of the subject, exploring both the theoretical basis of GIS, and their use in practice. It explains how data on the world are converted into digital form and the analytical capabilities used to bring understanding to a range of areas of interest and issues. Spatial data are usually based on two, dichotomous paradigms: exactly defined entities in space, such as land parcels and urban structures, or the continuous variation of single attributes, such as temperature or rainfalTrade ReviewReview from previous edition [This second edition] builds upon the previous work in providing a very welcome basic, concise and more up to date introduction to the principles underlying GISs ... a osund and readable introduction to a complex subject. * International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, v. 9 no. 3, 2000 *Choosing a course text in the early post-GIS years was very easy. Peter Burrough's Principles of geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment was the definitive work. Beautifully written and illustrated...Peter Burrough set himself a hard act to follow...In almost every respect this is a new book, and not the second edition it purports to be...So, this is a rarity in textbook publishing a second edition that improves on the first. It looks set to be my recommended course text for many years to come. * David Unwin/GIS Europe June 1998. *This book presents a strong theoritical basis for GIS, which is often lacking in other texts...the optimising of timber extraction from forests and the redistribution of Chernobyl radioactivity by floods are explained clearly in detail. * Mapping Awareness April 1998 *This new publication is up to date and provides comprehensive coverage of virtually all aspects of GIS. It is clearly written and technical where appropriate ... it should be recommended for postgraduate courses and for all teachers of GIS. * David Walker, The Times Higher Education Supplement *Table of Contents1. Geographical information systems and society ; 2. Spatial data and their models: formal abstractions of reality ; 3. Geographical data in the computer ; 4. Data input and verification ; 5. Visualization ; 6. Exploring geographical data ; 7. Analysis of discrete entities in space ; 8. Interpolation 1: deterministic and spline-based approaches ; 9. Interpolation 2: geostatistical approaches ; 10. Analysis of continuous fields ; 11. Digital elevation models ; 12. Space-time modelling and error propagation ; 13. Fuzzy sets and fuzzy geographical objects ; 14. GIS, transformations, and future developments
£51.29
Oxford University Press Conservation Technology
Book SynopsisThe first comprehensive text to describe the breadth of available technology for conservation and to evaluate its varied applications, bringing together a team of international experts using a diverse range of approaches.Trade ReviewThis is an excellent volume to have on the shelf for anyone interested in conservation science in the 21st century... Its breadth exceeds that of the expertise of many practitioners and I trust it will, in its coverage, provide a conduit to new technologies and applications where it can be of most use. * Rob Harcourt, The Quarterly Review of Biology *Conservation Technology selects some of the most commonly used and important tools in conservation and describes their diverse use in the field. This volume is recommended not only for conservation students, but also for researchers, conservationists, and practitioners who would like to become familiar with the increasing variety of conservation technologies. * Conservation Biology *Table of ContentsPreface 1: Alex K. Piel and Serge A. Wich: Conservation and Technology: An Introduction 2: Lilian Pintea, Samuel M. Jantz, and Serge Wich: From the Cloud to the Ground: Converting Satellite Data into Conservation Decisions 3: Serge A. Wich, Mike Hudson, Herizo Andrianandrasana, and Steven N. Longmore: Drones for Conservation 4: Anne-Sophie Crunchant, Chanakya Dev Nakka, Jason T. Isaacs, and Alex K. Piel: Acoustic Sensors 5: Francesco Rovero and Roland Kays: Camera Trapping for Conservation 6: Kasim Rafiq, Pitcher, Ben J. Pitcher, Kate Cornelsen, K. Whitney Hansen, Andrew J. King, Rob. G. Appleby, Briana Abrahms and Neil R. Jordan: Animal-borne Technologies in Wildlife Research and Conservation 7: Cheryl D. Knott, Amy M. Scott, Caitlin A. O'Connell, Tri Wahyu Susanto and Erin E. Kane: Field and Laboratory Analysis for Non-Invasive Wildlife and Habitat Health Assessment and Conservation 8: Antoinette J. Piaggio: Environmental DNA for Conservation 9: Edward McLester and Alex K. Piel: Mobile Data Collection Apps 10: Drew T. Cronin, Anthony Dancer, Barney Long, Antony J. Lynam, Jeff Muntifering, Jonathan Palmer and Richard A. Bergl: Application of SMART Software for Conservation Area Management 11: Dan Morris and Lucas Joppa: Challenges for the Computer Vision Community 12: Trishant Simlai and Chris Sandbrook: Digital Surveillance Technologies in Conservation and their Social Implications 13: Margarita Mulero-Pázmány: The Future of Technology in Conservation
£42.74
The University of Chicago Press Spying with Maps Surveillance Technologies the
Book SynopsisMark Monmonier looks at the increased use of geographic data, satellite imagery, and location tracking across a wide range of fields. Could these diverse forms of geographic monitoring, he asks, lead to grave consequences for society?Trade Review"With electronic spies in the sky, sensors under the streets, and geographic data banks everywhere, it takes Mark Monmonier's knowledge and insight to make sense of the new landscape of locational privacy. This is fascinating reading, indispensable to watchers and watched alike." - Edward Tenner, author of Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences
£41.80
Palgrave MacMillan UK Félix Guattari Thought Friendship and Visionary
Book SynopsisFélix Guattari: Thought, Friendship, and Visionary Cartography, by Franco Berardi 'Bifo', originates in the author's close personal acquaintance with Félix Guattari's writings and political engagement in the context of Berardi Bifo's activism in Italian autonomist politics and his ongoing collaboration with Guattari in the 1970s and 1980s.Trade Review'In these stirring pages Bifo produces a rhythmic map of Félix Guattari's thought that resonates with the contemporary discords of cognitive labour. Tones of intimacy and abstraction combine in haunting chords of unhappy politics and philosophical triumphs. Strains of oracularity take flight in political insights more Buddhist than Leninist. Immensely protective of Félix as both teacher and friend, Bifo ensures that the refrains of Guattari's processes of subjectivation do not petrify into academic givens but continue to sing their extraordinary singularity and make new becomings available for those engaged in tomorrow's struggles. Bifo invites his readers to share the intensities of conceptual and political creativity, productively despair of the fragility of the psyche and the environment, and rejoice in a philosophical friendship with the conviction to head straight into chaos. Bifo's Félix is a netizen before the letter; semio-chemist of molecular evolution; analyst of an unconscious redesigned for getting things done together; and a trusted fellow militant. In this remarkable book there is more than enough sharable affect available to counteract the attenuations of revolutionary desire under infocapital.' - Gary Genosko, Canada Research Chair in Technoculture, Lakehead University 'Félix Guattari was the bridge between French poststructuralism and Italian autonomism, the thinker and militant who, more than anyone else, made possible the synthesis of those currents that now looms so large in debates over globalization, network culture and cognitive capitalism. Franco 'Bifo' Berardi is a major Italian media theorist and activist, an agent provocateur who deserves to be as well known to Anglophone readers as Agamben, Negri or Vattimo. Bifo's book does many things at once: it introduces readers to the thought of Guattari (and Deleuze, who for once gets second billing) in a lively and agile manner; it offers a moving tribute to a departed friend and ally as well as a meditation on friendship as the necessary condition of thought and action; it creates new philosophical concepts of unhappiness and depression that are crucial for understanding the present; and much more. This book should be essential reading for everyone who is concerned with nihilism and deconstruction, biopower and the multitude, bare life and the state of exception in short, everyone who wants to confront the twenty-first century on its own terms.' - Timothy S. Murphy, University of OklahomaTable of ContentsPreface: Thought, Friendship, and Visionary Cartography; G.Mecchia & C.J.Stivale Introduction: Cartographies in Becoming PART I The Happy Depression Integrated World Capitalism Planetary Psychopathia Postmediatic Affect PART II User's Manual Deleuze and the Rhizomatic Machine Why is Anti-Oedipus the Book of the '68 Movement? Kafka, Hypertext and Assemblages The Tantric Egg Chaosmosis The Provisional Eternity of Friendship Interview with Franco Berardi 'Bifo', July 11 2005; G.Mecchia Notes Bibliography Index
£42.74
MIT Press Ltd Spatial Computing MIT Press Essential Knowledge
Book SynopsisAn accessible guide to the ideas and technologies underlying such applications as GPS, Google Maps, Pokémon Go, ride-sharing, driverless cars, and drone surveillance.Billions of people around the globe use various applications of spatial computing daily—by using a ride-sharing app, GPS, the e911 system, social media check-ins, even Pokémon Go. Scientists and researchers use spatial computing to track diseases, map the bottom of the oceans, chart the behavior of endangered species, and create election maps in real time. Drones and driverless cars use a variety of spatial computing technologies. Spatial computing works by understanding the physical world, knowing and communicating our relation to places in that world, and navigating through those places. It has changed our lives and infrastructures profoundly, marking a significant shift in how we make our way in the world. This volume in the MIT Essential Knowledge series explains the technologies
£14.24
Taylor & Francis Ltd GIS and Housing
Book SynopsisGIS and Housing: Principles and Practices discusses one of the challenges that has not been addressed by Geographic Information Science thus far: how can we use GIS to deal with the complex issues underlying the housing crisis? This book provides GIS technicians and analysts with an overview of US housing challenges and examples of how to effectively integrate spatial thinking to address housing policy questions, while simultaneously introducing housing policy analysts to advanced GIS concepts and techniques to create livable neighborhoods that include housing alternatives beyond the single family. Through numerous examples, the authors advocate for a collaborative approach that encourages professionals, policymakers, and analysts, across different ideological and political perspectives, to confront the multifaceted housing crisis.Features:Examines the historical aspects of housing provision, societal attitudes, demographic shifts, and government policiesTrade ReviewSilos keep advocates, philanthropy, and government from pursuing housing and development policies that meet the needs of historically disadvantaged communities in Black and Latinx neighborhoods. GIS for Housing offers advocates and policy makers a spatial analysis framework to guide the development of a just and equitable city for all. Maria Cabildo Director, Housing and Economic Opportunity, California Community Foundation In development, all markets are local. Other words, know and understand the location before undertaking development. If you don’t understand location, money will be lost. Location is geographic. The authors of GIS and Housing explain the importance of geographic data related to location. Geographic data is not only physical, (what physically is at that location and surrounding areas) but cultural (who’s there; explaining population and its attributes). Developers need that information. Scott Lefaver Owner/Managing Member, Cabouchon Properties, LLC This book explores both the evolution and current state of housing issues, such as availability and affordability and offers important guidance on why an understanding of spatial relationships is vital when developing strategies for mitigating these concerns. The authors explore the capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS) concepts, tools, and methods and how they can be leveraged to manage, analyze, visualize, and communicate actionable knowledge that supports decision making and policies related to housing. This book is a valuable resource for housing researchers, analysts, and policymakers. Kevin Mickey Director, Professional Development and Geospatial Technologies Education, The Polis Center The authors supply a critical missing angle in America’s fractious national and local debates about housing: visual data. Through detailed graphs and charts interspersed with historical photos and maps, they elegantly capture historic changes in how we live, where we live, who we live with, in how much space, and how much it costs -- and also explain how we may use this information to decide how to live in the future. Nicole Gelinas Senior Fellow, Manhattan Institute GIS and Housing is a highly-readable, solutions-oriented book that uses a geo-spatial lens to grapple with the connections between US housing crises and broader socio-economic trends. Further, it encourages the use of GIS as a tool for housing data analysis and meaningful community engagement in policy development and implementation Oksana Mironova Senior Policy Analyst, Community Service Society of New York Table of Contents1. Why Geography Matters in Housing 2. Social, Demographic, and Technological Shifts and Their Impacts on Housing 3. Contemporary Design Adaptations and Policy Interventions 4. Data for Housing Research 5. GIS Analysis and Visualization 6. Directions for Future Research 7. Conclusions
£87.39
Taylor & Francis Ltd Digital Places Living with Geographic Information
Book SynopsisFocusing on the ramifications of GIS usage, Digital Places shows that they are associated with far-reaching changes in the institutions in which they exist, and in the lives of those they touch.Trade Review'I would recommend this book to anyone ready to read it with a critical view of the subject matter.' - Environment and Planning, vol 26 ,1999Table of ContentsIntroduction; Part 1 The World According to Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 1 Reason and Language in Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 2 On Space in Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 3 Optical Consistency, Technologies of Location, and the Limits of Representation; Part 2 Geographic Information Systems in Practice; Chapter 4 On the Roots of Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 5 The Reshaping of Geographic Practice; Chapter 6 Who Owns Geographic Information?; Chapter 7 The Digital Individual in a Visible World; Part 3 Living with Geographic Information Systems; Chapter 8 Geographic Information Systems and the Problem of Ethical Action; Chapter 9 Beyond PaleoGIS?;
£157.50
Taylor & Francis Ltd Introductory Remote Sensing Principles and
Book Synopsis
£148.50
Taylor & Francis Ltd International Recent Issues about ECDIS
Book SynopsisThe TransNav 2011 Symposium held at the Gdynia Maritime University, Poland in June 2011 has brought together a wide range of participants from all over the world. The program has offered a variety of contributions, allowing to look at many aspects of the navigational safety from various different points of view. Topics presented and discussed at the Symposium were: navigation, safety at sea, sea transportation, education of navigators and simulator-based training, sea traffic engineering, ship's manoeuvrability, integrated systems, electronic charts systems, satellite, radio-navigation and anti-collision systems and many others.This book is part of a series of six volumes and provides an overview of International recent issues about ECDIS, E-Navigation and Safety at Sea and is addressed to scientists and professionals involved in research and development of navigation, safety of navigation and sea transportation.Table of Contentse-Navigation ConceptECDISVisualization and Presentation of Navigational InformationData Transmission and Communication SystemsSafety at Sea
£92.14
John Wiley & Sons Inc SelfOrganising Maps Applications in Geographic
Book SynopsisSelf-Organising Maps: Applications in GI Science brings together the latest geographical research where extensive use has been made of the SOM algorithm, and provides readers with a snapshot of these tools that can then be adapted and used in new research projects.Table of ContentsList of Contributors. 1. Introduction: What is a Self-Organizing Map? (André Skupin and Pragya Agarwal). 2. Applications of Different Self-Organizing Map Variants to Geographical Information Science Problems (Fernando Bação, Victor Lobo and Marco Painho). 3. An Integrated Exploratory Geovisualization Environment Based on Self-Organizing Map (Etien L. Koua and Menno-Jan Kraak). 4. Visual Exploration of Spatial Interaction Data with Self-Organizing Maps (Jun Yan and Jean-Claude Thill). 5. Detecting Geographic Associations in English Dialect Features in North America within a Visual Data Mining Environment Integrating Self-Organizing Maps (Jean-Claude Thill, William A. Kretzschmar Jr, Irene Casas and Xiaobai Yao). 6. Self-Organizing Maps for Density-Preserving Reduction of Objects in Cartographic Generalization (Monika Sester). 7. Visualizing Human Movement in Attribute Space (André Skupin). 8. Climate Analysis, Modelling, and Regional Downscaling Using Self-Organizing Maps (Bruce C. Hewitson). 9. Prototyping Broad-Scale Climate and Ecosystem Classes by Means of Self-Organising Maps (Jürgen P. Kropp and Hans Joachim Schellnhuber). 10. Self-Organising Map Principles Applied Towards Automating Road Extraction from Remotely Sensed Imagery (Pete Doucette, Peggy Agouris and Anthony Stefanidis). 11. Epilogue: Intelligent Systems for GIScience: Where Next? A GIScience Perspective (Michael Goodchild). Index.
£132.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Business Site Selection Location Analysis and GIS
Book SynopsisCovers the convergent use of GIS for Location Science analysis, written by two of the leading researchers in the field. Introduction to new field at juncture of two mature disciplines. Includes ArcGIS and LINGO application files and data sets which will accompany the end of chapter questions.Table of ContentsDedication. Preface & Acknowledgment. Chapter 1: Introduction. 1.0. Motivation. 1.1. History. 1.2. First Principles. 1.3. Planning context. 1.4. Role of GIS. 1.5. Summary. 1.6. Terms. 1.7. References. 1.8. Exercises. Chapter 2: GIS. 2.0 Introduction. 2.1 Data Acquisition. 2.1.1 Existing sources. 2.1.2 Semi-existing sources. 2.1.3 Surveying and airborne approaches. 2.2 Data Management. 2.2.1 Raster. 2.2.2 Vector. 2.3 Data Manipulation. 2.3.1 Conversion. 2.3.2 Aggregation. 2.3.3 Overlay. 2.3.4 Interpolation. 2.4 Data Analysis. 2.4.1 Query. 2.4.2 Proximity. 2.4.3 Centrality. 2.4.4 Service zone. 2.5 Data Display. 2.6 Summary. 2.7 Terms. 2.8 References. 2.9 Exercises. Chapter 3: Model Building Fundamentals. 3.0 Introduction. 3.1 Review of Mathematical Notation. 3.1.1 Variables. 3.1.2 Mathematical expressions. 3.1.3 Inequalities. 3.2 Formulating an Optimization Model. 3.2.1 Apple shipment. 3.2.2 Manufacturing plant location. 3.2.3 School consolidation. 3.3 Model solution. 3.3.1 Apple shipment application. 3.3.2 Manufacturing plant location application. 3.3.3 School consolidation application. 3.4 Summary. 3.5 Terms. 3.6 References. 3.7 Exercises. Chapter 4: Trade and Service Areas. 4.0 Introduction. 4.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 4.1.1 Descriptive trade area. 4.1.2 Prescriptive service area. 4.2 Mathematical Representation. 4.2.1 Descriptive trade area. 4.2.2 Prescriptive service area. 4.3 GIScience. 4.4 Modeling Application. 4.4.1 Descriptive trade area. 4.4.2 Prescriptive service area. 4.5 Advanced Topics. 4.5.1 Spatial interaction considerations. 4.5.2 Transportation problem considerations. 4.5.3 Using trade and service area models in site selection. 4.6 Summary. 4.7 Terms and Concepts. 4.8 References. 4.9 Exercises. Chapter 5: Suitability Analysis. 5.0 Introduction. 5.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 5.2 Suitability Assessment Process. 5.2.1 Absolute suitability. 5.2.2 Relative suitability. 5.3 GIScience. 5.3.1 Map algebra. 5.3.2 Attribute data measurement. 5.4 Model Application. 5.4.1 Absolute suitability. 5.4.2 Relative suitability. 5.5 Advanced Topics . 5.6 Summary. 5.7 Terms and Concepts. 5.8 References. 5.9 Exercises. Chapter 6: Point-Based Location . 6.0 Introduction. 6.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 6.2 Mathematical Representation. 6.2.1 Formulating the Weber problem. 6.2.2 Iterative solution approach for the Weber problem. 6.3 GIScience. 6.3.1 Projections and coordinate systems. 6.3.2 Spherical distance. 6.3.3 Planar distance. 6.4 Modeling Application. 6.4.1 Solution using commercial software. 6.4.2 Iterative solution. 6.5 Advanced Topics. 6.5.1 Variants of planar single facility location. 6.5.2 Fallacy of the centroid . 6.5.3 Location on a sphere. 6.5.4 Continuously distributed demand. 6.6 Summary . 6.7 Terms and Concepts. 6.8 References. 6.9 Exercises. Chapter 7: Line-Based Location. 7.0 Introduction. 7.1 Motivation and Problem Definition. 7.2 Mathematical Representation. 7.2.1 Shortest path model. 7.2.3 Exact solution approach. 7.3 GIScience. 7.3.1 Defining the network. 7.4 Modeling Application. 7.4.1 Path. 7.4.2 Corridor siting in ArcGIS. 7.5 Advanced Topics. 7.5.1 Expanding the network. 7.5.2 Shortest path variants. 7.6 Summary. 7.7 Terms and Concepts. 7.8 References. 7.9 Exercises. Chapter 8: Area-Based Location. 8.0 Introduction. 8.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 8.2 Mathematical Representation. 8.2.1 Knapsack model. 8.2.2 Threshold model. 8.2.3 Shape model. 8.3 GIScience. 8.4 Modeling Application. 8.4.1 Knapsack model application. 8.4.2 Threshold model application. 8.4.3 Shape model application. 8.5 Advanced Topics. 8.6 Summary. 8.7 Terms. 8.8 References. 8.9 Exercises. Chapter 9: Coverage. 9.0 Introduction. 9.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 9.1.1 Complete coverage. 9.1.2 Maximal coverage. 9.2 Mathematical Representation. 9.2.1 Complete coverage. 9.2.2 Maximal coverage. 9.3 GIScience. 9.4 Modeling Application. 9.4.1 LSCP. 9.4.2 MCLP. 9.5 Advanced topics. 9.5.1 Backup coverage. 9.5.2 Service availability. 9.5.3 Spatial representation. 9.6 Summary. 9.7 Terms and concepts. 9.8 References. 9.9 Exercises. Chapter 10: Dispersion. 10.0 Introduction. 10.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 10.2 Mathematical Representation. 10.2.1 Neighborhood restrictions. 10.2.2 Pairwise restrictions. 10.2.3 Clique restrictions. 10.3 GIScience. 10.4 Modeling Application. 10.4.1 Neighborhood restrictions. 10.4.2 Pairwise restrictions. 10.4.3 Clique restrictions. 10.5 Advanced Topics. 10.5.1 Hybrid restrictions. 10.5.2 Max-min-min dispersion. 10.6 Summary. 10.7 Terms and concepts. 10.8 References. 10.9 Exercises. Chapter 11: Location-Allocation. 11.0 Introduction. 11.1 Problem Definition and Motivation. 11.2 Mathematical Representation. 11.2.1 Heuristic solution. 11.3 GIScience. 11.4 Modeling Application. 11.5 Advanced Topics. 11.5.1 Continuous space siting. 11.5.2 Service capacities and fixed costs. 11.5.3 Accounting for uncertainty and error. 11.6 Summary. 11.7 Terms and Concepts. 11.8 References . 11.9 Exercises. Chapter 12: Conclusion. 12.0 Introduction. 12.1 Classes of Location Models. 12.2 Class Variety and Extensions. 12.3 Solution Approaches. 12.4 Final Thoughts. 12.5 References. Glossary. Index.
£107.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Beyond Mapping
Book SynopsisThis book discusses maps as data with data structure implications; roving windows; spatial data modeling and management; assessing variability, shape, and pattern of map features; overlaying maps; cost-benefit analysis; algorithms involved in slope, distance, and connectivity; and cartographic and spatial modeling. A disk containing four-color graphics, including charts and maps, is also available. Provides a GIS glossary. Includes a list of recommended readings for each topic. Compiles international GIS instructions and presents contact details and information on each.Table of ContentsMaps as Data and Data Structure Implications. Measuring Effective Distance and Connectivity. Roving Windows: Assessment of Neighborhood Characteristics. What GIS Is and Isn't: Spatial Data Mapping, Management, Modeling,and More. Assessing Variability, Shape, and Pattern of Map Features. Overlaying Maps and Characterizing Error Propagation. Overlaying Maps and Summarizing the Results. Scoping GIS: What to Consider. Slope, Distance, and Connectivity: Their Algorithms. Cartographic and Spatial Modeling. Epilog. Appendices. Glossary. Index.
£89.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc GIS For Dummies
Book SynopsisAn easy-to-understand reference for navigating through geographic information systems (GIS) This guide avoids equations, computer codes, and overwhelming detail and instead provides a clear explanation as to how GIS technology captures, stores, counts, characterizes, integrates, analyzes, and displays data about the earth.Table of ContentsIntroduction 1 Part I: GIS: Geography on Steroids 7 Chapter 1: Seeing the Scope of GIS 9 Chapter 2: Recognizing How Maps Show Information 23 Chapter 3: Reading, Analyzing, and Interpreting Maps 39 Part II: Geography Goes Digital 57 Chapter 4: Creating a Conceptual Model 59 Chapter 5: Understanding the GIS Data Models 73 Chapter 6: Keeping Track of Data Descriptions 93 Chapter 7: Managing Multiple Maps 109 Chapter 8: Gathering and Digitizing Geographic Data 117 Part III: Retrieving, Counting, and Characterizing Geography 135 Chapter 9: Finding Information in Raster Systems 137 Chapter 10: Finding Features in Vector Systems 147 Chapter 11: Searching for Geographic Objects, Distributions, and Groups 65 Part IV: Analyzing Geographic Patterns 181 Chapter 12: Measuring Distance 183 Chapter 13: Working with Statistical Surfaces 199 Chapter 14: Exploring Topographical Surfaces 213 Chapter 15: Working with Networks 225 Chapter 16: Comparing Multiple Maps 239 Chapter 17: Map Algebra and Model Building 253 Part V: GIS Output and Application 277 Chapter 18: Producing Cartographic Output 279 Chapter 19: Generating Non-Cartographic Output 293 Chapter 20: GIS in Organizations 301 Part VI: The Part of Tens 315 Chapter 21: Ten GIS Software Vendors 317 Chapter 22: Ten Questions to Ask Potential Vendors 329 Chapter 23: Ten GIS Data Sources 333 Index 343
£24.69
John Wiley & Sons Inc Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensing and Analysis
Book SynopsisCompiling the authors? combined decades of experience, Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensing and Analysis sheds light on microwave noncontact vital sign detection from bench-top module to CMOS integrated microchip, covering a frequency range of over 30 GHz.Table of ContentsPreface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background, 1 1.2 Recent Progress on Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensors, 2 1.2.1 Microwave/Millimeter-Wave Interferometer and Vibrometer, 2 1.2.2 Noncontact Vital Sign Detection, 3 1.3 About This Book, 4 2 Theory of Microwave Noncontact Motion Sensors 7 2.1 Introduction to Radar, 7 2.1.1 Antennas, 8 2.1.2 Propagation and Antenna Gain, 10 2.1.3 Radio System Link and Friis Equation, 13 2.1.4 Radar Cross Section and Radar Equation, 15 2.1.5 Radar Signal-To-Noise Ratio, 16 2.1.6 Signal-Processing Basics, 17 2.2 Mechanism of Motion Sensing Radar, 18 2.2.1 Doppler Frequency Shift, 18 2.2.2 Doppler Nonlinear Phase Modulation, 19 2.2.3 Pulse Radar, 26 2.2.4 FMCW Radar, 27 2.2.5 Comparison of Different Detection Mechanisms, 29 2.3 Key Theory and Techniques of Motion Sensing Radar, 31 2.3.1 Null and Optimal Detection Point, 31 2.3.2 Complex Signal Demodulation, 33 2.3.3 Arctangent Demodulation, 34 2.3.4 Double-Sideband Transmission, 36 2.3.5 Optimal Carrier Frequency, 43 2.3.6 Sensitivity: Gain and Noise Budget, 49 3 Hardware Development of Microwave Motion Sensors 53 3.1 Radar Transceiver, 53 3.1.1 Bench-Top Radar Systems, 53 3.1.2 Board Level Radar System Integration, 61 3.1.3 Motion Sensing Radar-On-Chip Integration, 63 3.1.4 Pulse-Doppler Radar and Ultra-Wideband Technologies, 85 3.1.5 FMCW Radar, 89 3.2 Radar Transponders, 92 3.2.1 Passive Harmonic Tag, 93 3.2.2 Active Transponder for Displacement Monitoring, 95 3.3 Antenna Systems, 99 3.3.1 Phased Array Systems, 99 3.3.2 Broadband Antenna, 100 3.3.3 Helical Antenna, 103 4 Advances in Detection and Analysis Techniques 107 4.1 System Design and Optimization, 107 4.1.1 Shaking Noise Cancellation Using Sensor Node Technique, 107 4.1.2 DC-Coupled Displacement Radar, 111 4.1.3 Random Body Movement Cancellation Technique, 116 4.1.4 Nonlinear Detection of Complex Vibration Patterns, 124 4.1.5 Motion Sensing Based on Self-Injection-Locked Oscillators, 131 4.2 Numerical Methods: Ray-Tracing Model, 136 4.3 Signal Processing, 141 4.3.1 MIMO, MISO, SIMO Techniques, 141 4.3.2 Spectral Estimation Algorithms, 142 4.3.3 Joint Time–Frequency Signal Analysis, 153 5 Applications and Future Trends 157 5.1 Application Case Studies, 158 5.1.1 Assisted Living and Smart Homes, 158 5.1.2 Sleep Apnea Diagnosis, 164 5.1.3 Wireless Infant Monitor, 169 5.1.4 Measurement of Rotational Movement, 173 5.1.5 Battlefield Triage and Enemy Detection, 178 5.1.6 Earthquake and Fire Emergency Search and Rescue, 179 5.1.7 Tumor Tracking in Radiation Therapy, 180 5.1.8 Structural Health Monitoring, 185 5.2 Development of Standards and State of Acceptance, 194 5.3 Future Development Trends, 196 5.4 Microwave Industry Outlook, 202 References 203 Index 215
£99.86
John Wiley and Sons Ltd Fluvial Remote Sensing for Science and Management
Book SynopsisThis book offers a comprehensive overview of progress in the general area of fluvial remote sensing with a specific focus on its potential contribution to river management. The book highlights a range of challenging issues by considering a range of spatial and temporal scales with perspectives from a variety of disciplines.Table of ContentsSeries Foreword, xv Foreword, xvii List of Contributors, xix 1 Introduction: The Growing Use of Imagery in Fundamental and Applied River Sciences, 1 Patrice E. Carbonneau and Herv´e Pi´egay 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Remote sensing, river sciences and management, 2 1.2.1 Key concepts in remote sensing, 2 1.2.2 A short introduction to ‘river friendly’ sensors and platforms, 4 1.2.3 Cost considerations, 7 1.3 Evolution of published work in Fluvial Remote Sensing, 8 1.3.1 Authorships and Journals, 9 1.3.2 Platforms and Sensors, 9 1.3.3 Topical Areas, 10 1.3.4 Spatial and Temporal Resolutions, 14 1.3.5 Summary, 16 1.4 Brief outline of the volume, 16 References, 17 2 Management Applications of Optical Remote Sensing in the Active River Channel, 19 W. Andrew Marcus, Mark A. Fonstad and Carl J. Legleiter 2.1 Introduction, 19 2.2 What can be mapped with optical imagery?, 20 2.3 Flood extent and discharge, 21 2.4 Water depth, 22 2.5 Channel change, 24 2.6 Turbidity and suspended sediment, 25 2.7 Bed sediment, 27 2.8 Biotypes (in-stream habitat units), 29 2.9 Wood, 31 2.10 Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and algae, 31 2.11 Evolving applications, 33 2.12 Management considerations common to river applications, 33 2.13 Accuracy, 35 2.14 Ethical considerations, 36 2.15 Why use optical remote sensing?, 36 References, 38 3 An Introduction to the Physical Basis for Deriving River Information by Optical Remote Sensing, 43 Carl J. Legleiter and Mark A. Fonstad 3.1 Introduction, 43 3.2 An overview of radiative transfer in shallow stream channels, 45 3.2.1 Quantifying the light field, 45 3.2.2 Radiative transfer processes along the image chain, 49 3.3 Optical characteristics of river channels, 54 3.3.1 Reflectance from the water surface, 55 3.3.2 Optically significant constituents of the water column, 55 3.3.3 Reflectance properties of the streambed and banks, 58 3.4 Inferring river channel attributes from remotely sensed data, 60 3.4.1 Spectrally-based bathymetric mapping via band ratios, 60 3.4.2 Relative magnitudes of the components of the at-sensor radiance signal, 61 3.4.3 The role of sensor characteristics, 62 3.5 Conclusion, 66 3.6 Notation, 67 References, 68 4 Hyperspectral Imagery in Fluvial Environments, 71 Mark J. Fonstad 4.1 Introduction, 71 4.2 The nature of hyperspectral data, 72 4.3 Advantages of hyperspectral imagery, 74 4.4 Logistical and optical limitations of hyperspectral imagery, 75 4.5 Image processing techniques, 78 4.6 Conclusions, 82 Acknowledgments, 82 References, 82 5 Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Water Temperature in Riverine Landscapes, 85 Rebecca N. Handcock, Christian E. Torgersen, Keith A. Cherkauer, Alan R. Gillespie, Klement Tockner, Russel N. Faux and Jing Tan 5.1 Introduction, 85 5.2 State of the art: TIR remote sensing of streams and rivers, 88 5.3 Technical background to the TIR remote sensing of water, 91 5.3.1 Remote sensing in the TIR spectrum, 91 5.3.2 The relationship between emissivity and kinetic and radiant temperature, 92 5.3.3 Using Planck’s Law to determine temperature from TIR observations, 93 5.3.4 Processing of TIR image data, 94 5.3.5 Atmospheric correction, 94 5.3.6 Key points, 95 5.4 Extracting useful information from TIR images, 96 5.4.1 Calculating a representative water temperature, 96 5.4.2 Accuracy, uncertainty, and scale, 96 5.4.3 The near-bank environment, 97 5.4.4 Key points, 98 5.5 TIR imaging sensors and data sources, 98 5.5.1 Ground imaging, 98 5.5.2 Airborne imaging, 98 5.5.3 Satellite imaging, 101 5.5.4 Key points, 101 5.6 Validating TIR measurements of rivers, 102 5.6.1 Timeliness of data, 102 5.6.2 Sampling site selection, 103 5.6.3 Thermal stratification and mixing, 104 5.6.4 Measuring representative temperature, 104 5.6.5 Key points, 105 5.7 Example 1: Illustrating the necessity of matching the spatial resolution of the TIR imaging device to river width using multi-scale observations of water temperature in the Pacific Northwest (USA), 106 5.8 Example 2: Thermal heterogeneity in river floodplains used to assess habitat diversity, 108 5.9 Summary, 108 Acknowledgements, 109 5.10 Table of abbreviations, 110 References, 110 6 The Use of Radar Imagery in Riverine Flood Inundation Studies, 115 Guy J-P. Schumann, Paul. D. Bates, Giuliano Di Baldassarre and David C. Mason 6.1 Introduction, 115 6.2 Microwave imaging of water and flooded land surfaces, 116 6.2.1 Passive radiometry, 117 6.2.2 Synthetic Aperture Radar, 117 6.2.3 SAR interferometry, 119 6.3 The use of SAR imagery to map and monitor river flooding, 120 6.3.1 Mapping river flood inundation from space, 120 6.3.2 Sources of flood and water detection errors, 124 6.3.3 Integration with flood inundation modelling, 129 6.4 Case study examples, 129 6.4.1 Fuzziness in SAR flood detection to increase confidence in flood model simulations, 129 6.4.2 Near real-time flood detection in urban and rural areas using high resolution space-borne SAR images, 131 6.4.3 Multi-temporal SAR images to inform about floodplain dynamics, 133 6.5 Summary and outlook, 135 References, 137 7 Airborne LiDAR Methods Applied to Riverine Environments, 141 Jean-St´ephane Bailly, Paul J. Kinzel, Tristan Allouis, Denis Feurer and Yann Le Coarer 7.1 Introduction: LiDAR definition and history, 141 7.2 Ranging airborne LiDAR physics, 142 7.2.1 LiDAR for emergent terrestrial surfaces, 142 7.2.2 LiDAR for aquatic surfaces, 144 7.3 System parameters and capabilities: examples, 146 7.3.1 Large footprint system: HawkEye II, 146 7.3.2 Narrow footprint system: EAARL, 147 7.3.3 Airborne LiDAR capacities for fluvial monitoring: a synthesis, 148 7.4 LiDAR survey design for rivers, 148 7.4.1 Flight planning and optimising system design, 148 7.4.2 Geodetic positioning, 150 7.5 River characterisation from LiDAR signals, 150 7.5.1 Altimetry and topography, 150 7.5.2 Prospective estimations, 152 7.6 LiDAR experiments on rivers: accuracies, limitations, 153 7.6.1 LiDAR for river morphology description: the Gardon River case study, 153 7.6.2 LiDAR and hydraulics: the Platte River experiment, 154 7.7 Conclusion and perspectives: the future for airborne LiDAR on rivers, 158 References, 158 8 Hyperspatial Imagery in Riverine Environments, 163 Patrice E. Carbonneau, Herv ´e Pi´egay, J ´ er ˆome Lejot, Robert Dunford and Kristell Michel 8.1 Introduction: The Hyperspatial Perspective, 163 8.2 Hyperspatial image acquisition, 166 8.2.1 Platform considerations, 166 8.2.2 Ground-tethered devices, 166 8.2.3 Camera considerations, 170 8.2.4 Logistics and costs, 172 8.3 Issues, potential problems and plausible solutions, 172 8.3.1 Georeferencing, 173 8.3.2 Radiometric normalisation, 176 8.3.3 Shadow correction, 176 8.3.4 Image classification, 179 8.3.5 Data mining and processing, 180 8.4 From data acquisition to fluvial form and process understanding, 182 8.4.1 Feature detection with hyperspatial imagery, 182 8.4.2 Repeated surveys through time, 183 8.5 Conclusion, 188 Acknowledgements, 189 References, 189 9 Geosalar: Innovative Remote Sensing Methods for Spatially Continuous Mapping of Fluvial Habitat at Riverscape Scale, 193 Normand Bergeron and Patrice E. Carbonneau 9.1 Introduction, 193 9.2 Study area and data collection, 194 9.3 Grain size mapping, 194 9.3.1 Superficial sand detection, 196 9.3.2 Airborne grain size measurements, 198 9.3.3 Riverscape scale grain size profile and fish distribution, 200 9.3.4 Limitations of airborne grain size mapping, 200 9.3.5 Example of application of grain size maps and long profiles to salmon habitat modelling, 201 9.4 Bathymetry mapping, 203 9.5 Further developments in the wake of the Geosalar project, 205 9.5.1 Integrating fluvial remote sensing methods, 205 9.5.2 Habitat data visualisation, 207 9.5.3 Development of in-house airborne imaging capabilities, 208 9.6 Flow velocity: mapping or modelling?, 209 9.7 Future work: Integrating fish exploitation of the riverscape, 211 9.8 Conclusion, 211 Acknowledgements, 212 References, 212 10 Image Utilisation for the Study and Management of Riparian Vegetation: Overview and Applications, 215 Simon Dufour, Etienne Muller, Menno Straatsma and S. Corgne 10.1 Introduction, 215 10.2 Image analysis in riparian vegetation studies: what can we know?, 217 10.2.1 Mapping vegetation types and land cover, 217 10.2.2 Mapping species and individuals, 220 10.2.3 Mapping changes and historical trajectories, 220 10.2.4 Mapping other floodplain characteristics, 220 10.3 Season and scale constraints in riparian vegetation studies, 221 10.3.1 Choosing an appropriate time window for detecting vegetation types, 221 10.3.2 Minimum detectable object size in the riparian zone, 221 10.3.3 Spatial/spectral equivalence for detecting changes, 221 10.4 From scientists’ tools to managers’ choices: what do we want to know? And how do we get it?, 223 10.4.1 Which managers? Which objectives? Which approach?, 224 10.4.2 Limitations of image-based approaches, 224 10.5 Examples of imagery applications and potentials for riparian vegetation study, 226 10.5.1 A low-cost strategy for monitoring changes in a floodplain forest: aerial photographs, 226 10.5.2 Flow resistance and vegetation roughness parametrisation: LiDAR and multispectral imagery, 228 10.5.3 Potential radar data uses for riparian vegetation characterisation, 230 10.6 Perspectives: from images to indicators, automatised and standardised processes, 233 Acknowledgements, 234 References, 234 11 Biophysical Characterisation of Fluvial Corridors at Reach to Network Scales, 241 Herv´e Pi´egay, Adrien Alber, J. Wesley Lauer, Anne-Julia Rollet and Elise Wiederkehr 11.1 Introduction, 241 11.2 What are the raw data available for a biophysical characterisation of fluvial corridors?, 242 11.3 How can we treat the information?, 243 11.3.1 What can we see?, 243 11.3.2 Strategy for exploring spatial information for understanding river form and processes, 245 11.3.3 Example of longitudinal generic parameters treatment using unorthorectified photos, 248 11.3.4 The aggregation/disaggregation procedure applied at a regional network scale, 250 11.4 Detailed examples to illustrate management issues, 253 11.4.1 Retrospective approach on the Ain River: understanding channel changes and providing a sediment budget, 254 11.4.2 The Droˆme network: example of up- and downscaling approach using homogeneous geomorphic reaches, 256 11.4.3 Inter-reach comparisons at a network scale, 259 11.5 Limitations and constraints when enlarging scales of interest, 261 11.6 Conclusions, 265 Acknowledgements, 265 References, 266 12 The Role of Remotely Sensed Data in Future Scenario Analyses at a Regional Scale, 271 Stan Gregory, Dave Hulse, M´ elanie Bertrand and Doug Oetter 12.1 Introduction, 271 12.1.1 The purposes of scenario-based alternative future analyses, 272 12.1.2 Processes of depicting alternative future scenarios, 272 12.1.3 Methods of employing remotely sensed information in alternative futures, 278 12.1.4 Alternative future scenarios for the Willamette River, Oregon as a case study, 278 12.2 Methods, 279 12.2.1 Ground truthing, 281 12.2.2 Use of remotely sensed data in the larger alternative futures project, 282 12.3 Land use/land cover changes since 1850, 282 12.4 Plan trend 2050 scenario, 283 12.5 Development 2050 scenario, 287 12.6 Conservation 2050 scenario, 287 12.7 Informing decision makers at subbasin extents, 289 12.8 Discussion, 291 Acknowledgements, 294 References, 294 13 The Use of Imagery in Laboratory Experiments, 299 Michal Tal, Philippe Frey, Wonsuck Kim, Eric Lajeunesse, Angela Limare and Franc¸ois M´etivier 13.1 Introduction, 299 13.2 Bedload transport, 300 13.2.1 Image-based technique to measure grainsize distribution and sediment discharge, 302 13.2.2 Particle trajectories and velocities using PTV, 304 13.3 Channel morphology and flow dynamics, 306 13.3.1 Experimental deltas, 308 13.3.2 Experimental river channels with riparian vegetation, 309 13.4 Bed topography and flow depth, 312 13.5 Conclusions, 317 Acknowledgements, 318 References, 318 14 Ground based LiDAR and its Application to the Characterisation of Fluvial Forms, 323 Andy Large and George Heritage 14.1 Introduction, 323 14.1.1 Terrestrial laser scanning in practice, 324 14.2 Scales of application in studies of river systems, 325 14.2.1 The sub-grain scale, 325 14.2.2 The grain scale, 325 14.2.3 The sub-bar unit scale, 327 14.2.4 In-channel hydraulic unit scale, 329 14.2.5 Micro-topographic roughness units, 330 14.2.6 The bar unit scale, 330 14.2.7 Reach-scale morphological analyses, 332 14.2.8 Terrestrial laser scanning at the landscape scale, 334 14.2.9 Towards a protocol for TLS surveying of fluvial systems, 336 References, 338 15 Applications of Close-range Imagery in River Research, 341 Walter Bertoldi, Herv´e Pi´egay, Thomas Buffin-B´ elanger, David Graham and Stephen Rice 15.1 Introduction, 341 15.2 Technologies and practices, 342 15.2.1 Technology, 342 15.2.2 Overview of possible applications, 344 15.3 Post-processing, 347 15.3.1 Analysis of vertical images for particle size, 347 15.3.2 Analysis of vertical images for particle shape, 349 15.3.3 Analysis of oblique ground images, 349 15.4 Application of vertical and oblique close-range imagery to monitor bed features and fluvial processes at different spatial and temporal scales, 350 15.4.1 Vertical ground imagery for characterising grain size, clast morphometry and petrography of particles, 350 15.4.2 Monitoring fluvial processes, 352 15.4.3 Survey of subaerial bank processes, 353 15.4.4 Inundation dynamics of braided rivers, 355 15.4.5 River ice dynamics, 356 15.4.6 Riparian structure and dead wood distributions along river corridors, 359 15.5 Summary of benefits and limitations, 361 15.6 Forthcoming issues for river management, 362 Acknowledgements, 363 References, 363 16 River Monitoring with Ground-based Videography, 367 Bruce J. MacVicar, Alexandre Hauet, Normand Bergeron, Laure Tougne and Imtiaz Ali 16.1 Introduction, 367 16.2 General considerations, 368 16.2.1 Flow visualisation and illumination, 368 16.2.2 Recording, 368 16.2.3 Image ortho-rectification, 369 16.3 Case 1 – Stream gauging, 369 16.3.1 Introduction, 369 16.3.2 Field site and apparatus, 370 16.3.3 Image processing, 370 16.3.4 Stream gauging, 371 16.3.5 Results, 371 16.4 Case 2 – Filtering bed and flare effects from LSPIV measurements, 372 16.4.1 Introduction, 372 16.4.2 Field site and apparatus, 373 16.4.3 Data filtering, 373 16.4.4 Results, 373 16.5 Case 3 – At-a-point survey of wood transport, 376 16.5.1 Introduction, 376 16.5.2 Field site and apparatus, 376 16.5.3 Manual detection and measurement, 376 16.5.4 Image segmentation and analysis, 377 16.5.5 Results, 379 16.6 Discussion and conclusion, 380 References, 381 17 Imagery at the Organismic Level: From Body Shape Descriptions to Micro-scale Analyses, 385 Pierre Sagnes 17.1 Introduction, 385 17.2 Morphological and anatomical description, 386 17.2.1 Identification, 386 17.2.2 Characterisation of life-history traits and ontogenetic stages, 390 17.2.3 Ecomorphological studies, 393 17.3 Abundance and biomass, 394 17.4 Detection of stress and diseases, 396 17.4.1 Direct visualisation of stress (or its effects), 396 17.4.2 Activity of organisms as stress indicator, 398 17.4.3 Fluctuating asymmetry as stress indicator, 398 17.5 Conclusion, 399 References, 399 18 Ground Imagery and Environmental Perception: Using Photo-questionnaires to Evaluate River Management Strategies, 405 Yves-Francois Le Lay, Marylise Cottet, Herv´e Pi´egay and Anne Rivi `ere-Honegger 18.1 Introduction, 405 18.2 Conceptual framework, 406 18.3 The design of photo-questionnaires, 409 18.3.1 The questionnaire and selection of photographs, 409 18.3.2 The attitude scales, 410 18.3.3 The selection of participant groups, 412 18.4 Applications with photo-questionnaires, 412 18.4.1 From judgment assessment to judgment prediction, 412 18.4.2 Comparing reactions between scenes and between observers, 415 18.4.3 Linking judgments to environmental factors, 417 18.4.4 Modelling and predicting water landscape judgments, 420 18.4.5 Photographs and landscape perception, a long history of knowledge production, 420 18.5 Conclusions and perspectives, 425 Acknowledgements, 426 References, 426 19 Future Prospects and Challenges for River Scientists and Managers, 431 Patrice E. Carbonneau and Herv´e Pi´egay References, 433 Index, 435
£75.00
John Wiley & Sons Inc Groundwater Modeling wWS and
Book SynopsisModeling the occurrence and behaviour of groundwater is a critical aspect to any groundwater studies, whether they're being done to plan a clean-up project or in the preliminary site studies for a planned future development. This book defines what GIS is, how to perform it, and how to use GIS technology in modeling groundwater.Table of ContentsPreface. 1 Flow Modeling. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Areal Extent of a Model. 1.3 Hydrological Boundaries to the Model. 1.4 Compilation of Geological Information. 1.4.1 Unconsolidated Environments. 1.4.2 Consolidated Rocks. 1.4.3 Metamorphic Rocks. 1.4.4 Igneous Rocks. 1.4.5 Representation of Geological Units. 1.5 Compilation of Hydrological Information. 1.5.1 Geohydrological Parameters. 1.5.2 Boundary Conditions. 1.5.3 Stresses. 1.6 Water-Table Condition. 1.6.1 Near-Surface Aquifer Zone. 1.6.2 Sharp-Interface Approximation of the Water Table. 1.6.3 Variably Saturated Water-Table Formulation. 1.6.4 Comparison of the Sharp-Interface and Variably Saturated Formulations. 1.7 Physical Dimensions of the Model. 1.7.1 Vertical Integration of the Flow Equation. 1.7.2 Free-Surface Condition. 1.8 Model Size. 1.9 Model Discretization. 1.9.1 Finite-Difference Approximations. 1.9.2 Finite-Element Approximations. 1.9.3 Two-Space Dimensional Approximations. 1.10 Finite-Difference Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.10.1 Model Boundary Conditions. 1.10.2 Model Initial Conditions. 1.11 Finite-Element Approximation to the Flow Equation. 1.11.1 Boundary Conditions. 1.11.2 Initial Conditions. 1.12 Parameters. 1.13 Fractured and Cavernous Media. 1.14 Model Stresses. 1.14.1 Well Discharge or Recharge. 1.14.2 Rainfall. 1.14.3 Multiple Stress Periods. 1.15 Finite-Element Mesh. 1.16 Simulation. 1.16.1 Solution Algorithm. 1.16.2 Bandwidth. 1.16.3 Running PTC. 1.17 Output. 1.18 Calibration. 1.18.1 Model Building Guidelines. 1.18.2 Model Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.3 Additional Data-Collection and Model Development Guidelines. 1.18.4 Uncertainty-Evaluation Guidelines. 1.18.5 Some Rules of Thumb. 1.19 Production Runs. 1.20 Summary. References. 2 Transport Modeling. 2.1 Compilation of Water-Quality Information. 2.2 Physical Dimensions. 2.3 Model Size. 2.4 Transport Equation. 2.4.1 Equilibrium or Adsorption Isotherms. 2.4.2 Mass Flux. 2.4.3 Example of Retardation. 2.5 Chemical Reactions. 2.6 Model Boundary Conditions. 2.7 Finite-Element Approximation. 2.8 Boundary Conditions 2.8.1 First-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.2 Second-Type Boundary Condition. 2.8.3 Third-Type Boundary Condition. 2.9 Initial Conditions. 2.10 Model Parameters. 2.11 Model Stresses. 2.12 Running the Model. 2.13 Output. 2.14 Calibration. 2.15 Production Runs. 2.16 Summary. References. 3 Finite-Element versus Finite-Difference Simulation. 3.1 Elementary Application. 3.1.1 Groundwater Flow. 3.1.2 Groundwater Transport. 3.2 Comparison of Methods. 3.2.1 Graphical User Interfaces. 3.2.2 Model Formulation and Implementation. 3.2.3 Groundwater Flow. 3.2.4 Groundwater Transport. 3.3 Summary. Index.
£108.86
John Wiley & Sons Inc The Design and Implementation of Geographic
Book SynopsisPresents strategies for application development, interface design, and enabling Web-based access. Includes numerous case studies and examples from the private and public sectors. Provides information on integrating legacy MIS systems and planning for future developments in database design. Trade Review"The Design & Implementation of Geographic Information Systems is an effective reality check for those looking to implement a GIS." (GIS Monitor, June 2003)Table of ContentsAcknowledgments. Chapter 1: Introduction. Who Should Read This Book. What Is a Geographic Information System? Corporate or Enterprise Geographic Information Systems. The GIS Strategic Plan. Chapter 2: Before Design: Needs Assessment and Requirements Analysis. Organizational Involvement. Need for Education, Support, and Commitment of Management ? Corporate Implementation Takes Time. Manage Users? Expectations ? No Unrealistic Promises. Needs Assessment/Requirements Analysis. Assessing the Current Users. Categorizing Users. Other Factors with Users. Applications. Evaluating Existing Data. Accuracy. Completeness. Maintenance. Software Selection. Technical Environment. Assessing Costs and Benefits. Pulling the Needs Together. Chapter 3: Designing the GIS Database Schema. Elements of a Schema. Data Dictionary. Tables and Relationships. Metadata. Chapter 4: Designing Spatial Data. C hoosing the Appropriate M ix of Data Models. Choosing a Subset of Reality. The Two Principal Data Models. Layers and Objects. Representing Geographic Features. Topologic Relationships. Types of Spatial Objects. Issues around the Third Dimension. Accuracy, Precision, and Completeness. Accuracy Concerns ? Global Positioning Systems. Differential Processing. Accuracy across Layers. Choosing a Coordinate System and Map Projection. Decimal Longitude and Latitude or Projected Data. Characteristics of Map Projections. Spanning Existing Map Projection Zones. Selection of Projection for Large Areas. Spatial Indexing. Conclusions. Chapter 5: Design Issues for Attribute Data. General Principles: Fields in Both D and G Tables. Specific Principles for G Tables. Principles for Fields in D Tables. Designing Input Elements. Design of Output Elements. Application Design. Chapter 6: Remotely Sensed Data as Background Layers and Data Sources. Aerial Photography as Backdrop Information. Capture Data as Well? Dealing with the Images. Integrating Remotely Sensed Information with GIS. Questions to Ask. Chapter 7: Implementation: Data Development and Conversion. System Configuration and Product Architecture Plan. Data Development and Conversion Plan. Capturing Digital Data. Optical Character Recognition. In-House or Out-Source Data Development of Conversion. Selecting a Vendor. Perform a Pilot Project. Chapter 8: Implementation: Selecting Hardware and Software. Software Considerations. Evaluating Software. How to Select Your Software. Hardware Concerns. Networking Issues. Types of Networks. The Capacity of the Network. Chapter 9: Designing the Organization for GIS. Ownership of Geographic Information. User Roles. Staffing the Design and Implementation Process. Where to Put the GIS. Designing the Data Flow. Chapter 10: Early Management Concerns: Interacting with the System. User Roles. Managing User Roles. Managing Desktop Interfaces. Managing World Wide Web-Based Interfaces. GIS Interaction and the Organization. A New Committee. Evaluation. Access Controls. Controlling Public Access. Managing the System ? The Maintenance Plan. Data Dissemination. GIS Data Distribution through the World Wide Web. Summary. Index.
£98.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Linear Position Sensors
Book SynopsisMany types of linear position sensors are used in commercial, industrial, and automotive products and equipment. This book explains the theory behind the various technologies used and shows how they are implemented in practice.Table of ContentsPreface. 1. Sensor Definitions and Conventions. 1.1 Is It a Sensor or a Transducer? 1.2 Position versus Displacement. 1.3 Absolute or Incremental Reading. 1.4 Contact or Contactless Sensing and Actuation. 1.5 Linear and Angular Configurations. 1.6 Application versus Sensor Technology. 2. Specifications. 2.1 About Position Sensor Specifications. 2.2 Measuring Range. 2.3 Zero and Span. 2.4 Repeatability. 2.5 Nonlinearity. 2.6 Hysteresis. 2.7 Calibrated Accuracy. 2.8 Drift. 2.9 What Does All This about Accuracy Mean to Me? 2.10 Temperature Effects. 2.11 Response Time. 2.12 Output Types. 2.13 Shock and Vibration. 2.14 EMI/EMC. 2.15 Power Requirements. 2.16 Intrinsic Safety, Explosion Proofing, and Purging. 2.17 Reliability. 3. Resistive Sensing. 3.1 Resistive Position Transducers. 3.2 Resistance. 3.3 History of Resistive Linear Position Transducers. 3.4 Linear Position Transducer Design. 3.5 Resistive Element. 3.6 Wiper. 3.7 Linear Mechanics. 3.8 Signal Conditioning. 3.9 Advantages and Disadvantages. 3.10 Performance Specifications. 3.11 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 4. Capacitive Sensing. 4.1 Capacitive Position Transducers. 4.2 Capacitance. 4.3 Dielectric Constant. 4.4 History of Capacitive Sensors. 4.5 Capacitive Position Transducer Design. 4.6 Electronic Circuits for Capacitive Transducers. 4.7 Guard Electrodes. 4.8 EMI/RFI. 4.9 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 5. Inductive Sensing. 5.1 Inductive Position Transducers. 5.2 Inductance. 5.3 Permeability. 5.4 History of Inductive Sensors. 5.5 Inductive Position Transducer Design. 5.6 Coil. 5.7 Core. 5.8 Signal Conditioning. 5.9 Advantages. 5.10 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 6. The LVDT. 6.1 LVDT Position Transducers. 6.2 History of the LVDT. 6.3 LVDT Position Transducer Design. 6.4 Coils. 6.5 Core. 6.6 Carrier Frequency. 6.7 Demodulation. 6.8 Signal Conditioning. 6.9 Advantages. 6.10 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 7. The Hall Effect. 7.1 Hall Effect Transducers. 7.2 The Hall Effect. 7.3 History of the Hall Effect. 7.4 Hall Effect Position Transducer Design. 7.5 Hall Effect Element. 7.6 Electronics. 7.7 Linear Arrays. 7.8 Advantages. 7.9 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 8. Magnetoresistive Sensing. 8.1 Magnetoresistive Transducers. 8.2 Magnetoresistance. 8.3 History of Magnetoresistive Sensors. 8.4 Magnetoresistive Position Transducer Design. 8.5 Magnetoresistive Element. 8.6 Linear Arrays. 8.7 Electronics. 8.8 Advantages. 8.9 Typical Performance Specifications and Applications. 9. Magnetostrictive Sensing. 9.1 Magnetostrictive Transducers. 9.2 Magnetostriction. 9.3 History of Magnetostrictive Sensors. 9.4 Magnetostrictive Position Transducer Design. 9.5 Waveguide. 9.6 Position Magnet. 9.7 Pickup Devices. 9.8 Damp. 9.9 Electronics. 9.10 Advantages. 9.11 Typical Performance Specifications. 9.12 Application. 10. Encoders. 10.1 Linear Encoders. 10.2 History of Encoders. 10.3 Construction. 10.4 Absolute versus Incremental Encoders. 10.5 Optical Encoders. 10.6 Magnetic Encoders. 10.7 Quadrature. 10.8 Binary versus Gray Code. 10.9 Electronics. 10.10 Advantages. 10.11 Typical Performance Specification and Applications. References. Index.
£110.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Manual of Remote Sensing Remote Sensing for the
Book SynopsisSatellites are able to gather a wide variety of data for earth scientists. This book presents both the theory and practical applications of remote sensing satellite data to geological problems. The applications include: mineral explorations, hydrocarbon exploration, stratigraphy, engineering geology, and environmental studies.Trade Review"...a significant and stimulating new book." (The Photogrammetric Record, October 2000)Table of ContentsSPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS. Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals and Principles of Spectroscopy (R. Clark). Multispectral Thermal Infrared Data in Geological Studies (S. Hook, et al.). Soil Reflectance (E. Ben-Dor, et al.). Geobotany: Vegetation Mapping in Earth Science (S. Ustin, et al.). ANALYSIS. Spectral Analysis for Earth Science Investigation (J. Mustard & J. Sunshine). Integration and Visualization of Geoscience Data (J. Harris, et al.). APPLICATIONS. Stratigraphy (H. Lang). Strategies for Mineral Exploration (C. Sabine). Hydrocarbon Exploration (J. Berry & G. Prost). Planetary Geology (J. Bell, et al.). SENSORS/CASE STUDIES. Visible and Infrared: Sensors and Case Studies (F. Kruse). Radar: Sensors and Case Studies (J. Plaut, et al.). Geophysical Methods (J. Broome). Index.
£217.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc Geographically Weighted Regression
Book SynopsisGeographical Weighted Regression (GWR) is a new local modellingtechnique for analysing spatial analysis. This technique allowslocal as opposed to global models of relationships to be measuredand mapped. This is the first and only book on this technique,offering comprehensive coverage on this new ''hot'' topic in spatialanalysis. * Provides step-by-step examples of how to use the GWR model usingdata sets and examples on issues such as house price determinants,educational attainment levels and school performance statistics * Contains a broad discussion of and basic concepts on GWR throughto ideas on statistical inference for GWR models * uniquely features accompanying author-written software thatallows users to undertake sophisticated and complex forms of GWRwithin a user-friendly, Windows-based, front-end (see book fordetails).Trade Review"...this excellent volume..." (Geomatics World, July/August 2003)Table of ContentsAcknowledgements.Local Statistics and Local Models for Spatial Data. Geographically Weighted Regression: The Basics. Extensions to the Basic GWR Model. Statistical Inference and Geographically Weighted Regression. GWR and Spatial Autocorrelation. Scale Issues and Geographically Weighted Regression. Geographically Weighted Local Statistics. Extensions of Geographically Weighting. Software for Geographically Weighted Regression. Epilogue. Bibliography.Index.
£115.16
John Wiley & Sons Inc GeoBusiness
Book SynopsisExploit the advantages of Geographic Information Systems in your business Once the domain of cartographers and other specialists, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are increasingly being employed by the business community. Location-based services, supply chain management, management of field-distributed equipment, geographical marketing and promotion, and the spatial web are some of the current business applications which make use of GIS principles. Written specifically for the businessperson, Geo-Business: GIS in the Digital Organization is the first book to provide comprehensive coverage of GIS applications in the business and organizational environment. Going beyond a strictly geographical focus, this book sets GIS in the context of business information systems and other business sub-disciplines such as logistics, marketing, finance, and strategic management. It presents from an organizational perspective the advantages of spatially enabling existing enteTrade Review"This book is both an introduction to the field for IS people and a reference work that will be consulted as GIS problems and applications are encountered. The author is one of the few information systems people who have worked on GIS at both the practical and research levels over many years. Particularly useful are the references at the ends of the chapters, which point to places where a deeper understanding of each issue can be obtained. There is a lot here and all of it is useful." (Information Systems Management, June 2008) "Pick's new book, is one of the few business-oriented GIS books to be written in the last several years." (Geoplace.com; 1/18/08)Table of Contents1. GIS in the Digital Economy. 2. Information Systems and GIS. 3. Supporting Business Decisions. 4. Enterprise Applications. 5. Customer Facing GIS: Web, E-Commerce, and Mobile Solutions. 6. Spatial Systems Development. 7. The Value of Investing in GIS. 8. Managing Spatial Data. 9. Organizational and Industry Aspects. 10. Industries and Outsourcing. 11. Ethical, Legal, and Security Issues of Spatial Technologies. 12. GIS and Business Strategy.
£98.96
John Wiley & Sons Inc Artificial Intelligence in Geography
Book SynopsisThis unique work introduces the basic principles of artificial intelligence with applications in geographical teaching and research, GIS, and planning. Written in an accessible, non-technical and witty style, this book marks the beginning of the Al revolution in geography with major implications for teaching and research.Table of ContentsArtificial Intelligence and Geography. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence. Heuristic Search in Geography. Expert Systems and Intelligent Knowledge-based Systems. Neurocomputing. Applying Artificial Neural Networks. Evolutionary Computation, Genetic Algorithms, Evolution Strategiesand Genetic Programming. Artificial Life. Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing. Conclusions and Epilogue. Index.
£221.36
John Wiley & Sons Inc Earth Observation Data Policy
Book SynopsisA critical issue which is fundamentally affecting the development of the Earth Observation sector is not so much the technology but the data policy. The conditions which govern access to the data, distribution of the data and the price of the data are now vital to the exploitation of this important environmental data resource.Table of ContentsInfluencing Factors. Existing Policies and Policy Making Processes. Physical Access to Earth Observation Data. Data Protection. Data Pricing Policy. Data Preservation. Conclusions and Recommendations. Appendix. References. Index.
£207.86
Johns Hopkins University Press Blip Ping Buzz
Book SynopsisA section on bioacoustic echolocation, with a focus on the superior sonar systems of bats and whales and a discussion of the advanced technology of next-generation airborne signal processors, opens the imagination to fascinating possibilities for the future.Trade ReviewThis is an impressive, enjoyable and unique book... The style is light and entertaining, without in any way trivializing the subject or appearing patronizing, and Blip, Ping, and Buzz achieves the rather special trick of being valuable both to the non-specialist and to the seasoned practitioner. -- Hugh Griffiths Physics World 2008 This well written book... is highly recommended for just about everyone including, dare I say it, experts. -- Richard J. Peppin International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 2008 The writing style is clear and sometimes whimsical, making for easy reading... An excellent addition to the ever-popular genre of books about how things work. -- Colin Keay Australian Physics 2008 Denny largely sheds the complexity of mathematical constructs, distilling their most salient features into a more qualitative understanding of radar and sonar systems. Choice 2008 Indeed, Denny's writing is anything but dry and boring. He adeptly explains complex subject matter and does so with relatively simple language and minimal use of symbolic notation. -- Paul A. Faure Bat Research News 2008Table of ContentsAcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Hearing the Picture1. Early Days2. Remote Sensing Foundations3. Signal Processing Techniques4. Tactics: Skunks and Old Crows5. Mapping: Hearing the Picture6. Specialized Applications and Advanced TechniquesFinal ThoughtsTechnical NotesGlossaryIndex
£34.65
University of Nebraska Press Thinking Big Data in Geography New Regimes New
Book SynopsisOffers a practical state-of-the-field overview of big data as both a means and an object of research, with essays from prominent and emerging scholars. Part 1 explores how the advent of geoweb technologies and big data sets has influenced some of geography's major subdisciplines. Part 2 addresses how the geographic study of big data has implications for other disciplinary fields.Trade Review"In recent years, big data has been frequently touted as the new reality in research, business, and nearly everything else. This work examines the promise and realities of big data specifically as it relates to geographically referenced information."—J. Cummings, Choice“The drumbeat of ‘big data’ is reorganizing everyday life, for some. This important collection takes the pulse of this hype from the perspective of the discipline of geography, pursuing questions that highlight the peculiarities of this location-based, techno-cultural moment.”—Matthew W. Wilson, associate professor of geography at the University of Kentucky “This collection is a key step along the road from hyperbole to engagement with regard to the significance and impacts of big spatial data. It offers key insights into big spatial data as both means and object of researcher, tracing the socio-spatial and epistemological possibilities and limits of this dynamic phenomenon.”—Sarah Elwood, professor of geography at the University of Washington “Thinking Big Data in Geography delivers vital theoretical and empirical perspectives on the problems and possibilities of spatialized data in both extraordinary circumstances and everyday life.”—Craig Dalton, assistant professor of global studies and geography at Hofstra UniversityTable of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Tables Introduction Jim Thatcher, Andrew Shears, and Josef Eckert Part 1. What Is Big Data and What Does It Mean to Study It? 1. Toward Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and Their Work Rob Kitchin and Tracey P. Lauriault 2. Big Data: Why (Oh Why?) This Computational Social Science? David O’Sullivan Part 2. Methods and Praxis in Big Data Research 3. Smaller and Slower Data in an Era of Big Data Renee Sieber and Matthew Tenney 4. Reflexivity, Positionality, and Rigor in the Context of Big Data Research Britta Ricker Part 3. Empirical Interventions 5. A Hybrid Approach to Geotweets: Reading and Mapping Tweet Contexts on Marijuana Legalization and Same-Sex Marriage in Seattle, Washington Jin-Kyu Jung and Jungyeop Shin 6. Geosocial Footprints and Geoprivacy Concerns Christopher D. Weidemann, Jennifer N. Swift, and Karen K. Kemp 7. Foursquare in the City of Fountains: Using Kansas City as a Case Study for Combining Demographic and Social Media Data Emily Fekete Part 4. Urban Big Data: Urban-Centric and Uneven 8. Big City, Big Data: Four Vignettes Jessa Lingel 9. Framing Digital Exclusion in Technologically Mediated Urban Spaces Matthew Kelley Part 5. Talking across Borders 10. Bringing the Big Data of Climate Change Down to Human Scale: Citizen Sensors and Personalized Visualizations in Climate Communication David Retchless 11. Synergizing Geoweb and Digital Humanitarian Research Ryan Burns Part 6. Conclusions 12. Rethinking the Geoweb and Big Data: Future Research Directions Mark Graham Bibliography List of Contributors Index
£55.80
The University of Alabama Press Archaeological Remote Sensing in North America
Book SynopsisPresents the latest on the rapidly growing use of innovative archaeological remote sensing for anthropological applications in North America. Updating the highly praised 2006 publication Remote Sensing in Archaeology, this is a must-have volume for today's archaeologist.Trade ReviewAn important collection that illustrates the diversity of techniques used to collect geophysical data and their use in archaeological interpretation. The inclusion of chapters that cover several regions and historic as well as prehistoric sites adds further value."" - Berle Clay, principal investigator and geophysical specialist at Cultural Resource Analysis, Inc.""Includes current, well-written, and interesting material that provides a significant contribution to the field. The use of remote sensing technology with traditional methods is current with the state of research. The chapters are well grounded in archaeological and anthropological theory. The methods outlined in the book also start to set a standard or baseline that can be implemented by others."" - Roy Stine, associate professor, Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Greensboro
£49.40
Artech House Publishers Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar Signal Processing Algorithms Remote sensing library
Book SynopsisThis is a practical solution sourcebook for real-world high-resolution and spotlight SAR image processing. Widely-used algorithms are presented for both system errors and propagation phenomenon, and a chapter is devoted to SAR system performance.Table of ContentsPart 1 Introduction: spotlight SAR; SAR modes; importance of spotlight SAR; early SAR chronology. Part 2 Synthetic aperture radar fundamentals: SAR system overview; imaging considerations; pulse compression and range resolution; synthetic aperture technique for Azimuth resolution; SAR coherence requirements; signal phase equation; inverse SAR (ISAR); SAR sensor parametric design. Part 3 Spotlight SAR and polar format algorithm: scope of processing task; polar format overview; polar data storage as a two-dimensional signal; correction for non-planar motion; polar format algorithm limitations; Taylor series expansion procedures; phase of image pixels; image geometric distortion; image focus error equations; displacements and absolute positioning. Part 4 Digital polar format processing: sampling rate conversion; polyphase filters; polar interpolation; image scale factors; image distortion correction; signal history projections; stabilized scene polar interpolation; subpatch processing and mosaicking. Part 5 Phase errors: classification of phase error; management of phase error; magnitude of phase error; requirements on a practical SAR motion sensor; moving target effects. Part 6 Autofocus techniques: mapdrift; multiple aperture mapdrift; phase difference; phase gradient; prominent point processing; considerations for space-variant refocus. Part 7 Processor design examples: the common UNIX SAR processor; the ground to air imaging radar processor. Part 8 SAR system performance: image quality metrics; system performance budgeting; requirements on system impulse response; requirements on system noise; geometric distortion; secondary image quality metrics; test arrays. Part 9 Spotlight processing applications: spotlight processing of scan and stripmap SAR data; interferometric SAR; forward look SAR; vibrating target detection. Part 10 Range migration algorithm: model; algorithm overview; analytical development; discussion; efficient algorithms for range migration processing. Part 11 Chirp scaling algorithm: non-dechirped signal model; algorithm overview; analytical development; discussion. Part 12 Comparison of image formation algorithms: image formation algorithm models; computational complexity; memory requirements; other considerations.
£151.05
Cambridge University Press Satellite Radar Interferometry
£47.49
CRC Press Mapping Monitoring and Modeling Land and Water
Book SynopsisThe wide range of challenges in studying Earth system dynamics due to uncertainties in climate change and complex interference from human activities is creating difficulties in managing land and water resources and ensuring their sustainable use. Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling Land and Water Resources brings together real-world case studies accurately surveyed and assessed through spatial modeling. The book focuses on the effectiveness of combining remote sensing, geographic information systems, and R. The use of open source software for different spatial modeling cases in various fields, along with the use of remote sensing and geographic information systems, will aid researchers, students, and practitioners to understand better the phenomena and the predictions by future analyses for problem-solving and decision-making.
£43.69
Taylor & Francis Geospatial Law Policy and Ethics
Book SynopsisThis comprehensive textbook identifies the emerging legal, policy, and ethical considerations associated with the collection, analysis, storage, and distribution of data that can be tied to location on Earth otherwise known as geospatial information.Drawing on the author's extensive professional, legal, and scholarly experience in the geospatial community, the book explains how these issues cut across both legal and technology domains and how they impact geospatial information management across the globe. While focused on the USA, the framework and analysis can be applied to other nations and legal systems. Key topics covered include intellectual property, privacy, data protection, data quality and liability, security, ethical issues, licensing, and the impact of existing and emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, satellites, drones, software, machine learning, small satellites, and 5G. The book includes helpful features, such as a glossary of key legal term
£42.74
Taylor & Francis Ltd Geographic Data Science with Python
Book SynopsisThis book provides the tools, the methods, and the theory to meet the challenges of contemporary data science applied to geographic problems and data. In the new world of pervasive, large, frequent, and rapid data, there are new opportunities to understand and analyze the role of geography in everyday life. Geographic Data Science with Python introduces a new way of thinking about analysis, by using geographical and computational reasoning, it shows the reader how to unlock new insights hidden within data.Key Features:? Showcases the excellent data science environment in Python.? Provides examples for readers to replicate, adapt, extend, and improve.? Covers the crucial knowledge needed by geographic data scientists.It presents concepts in a far more geographic way than competing textbooks, covering spatial data, mapping, and spatial sTrade Review"The geospatial Python ecosystem is evolving rapidly, and until now there has been no one-stop reference for the geospatial programmer on data I/O, spatial analysis, and geovisualization. I will use this book in my teaching and will also recommend it to students as a book to keep on the shelf and use as a supplement to other courses, for independent projects, and for their future careers. I don't think there is anything quite like it in the market."-Professor Lee Hachadoorian, Temple University"Geographic Data Science with Python is an essential resource for data scientists looking to extend their skills into the geographic domain and for geographers looking to add data science skills. The book's approach achieves a highly effective balance between introducing theoretical concepts and applying them to practical examples. The book also serves as a guide to the modern open source spatial Python stack. The accompanying interactive Jupyter notebooks are great resources for running what-if scenarios to extend the concepts introduced in the book and for getting started with new projects. If you want to understand the unique properties of spatial data and how to apply them in creative ways using Python, this book is a must have."- David C. Folch, Associate Professor, Northern Arizona University"Three things will stand out after taking a close look at this book. First, the authors present a timely book that is like an encyclopedia of the emerging field of geographic data science. This book will aspire geographers with what data science can do in helping them answer questions with spatial data, and data scientists in providing critical spatial and methodological contexts of the data. For this reason, this book provides what the seemingly countless tutorials out there in the digital cloud cannot do: a wholistic view of the landscape that may often be daunting to grasp by both communities. Second, the core of this book comes from years of intensive software development of the authors. Their experience (and hard work) has made reading this book a treasure hunt -- not necessarily the challenging sort because you can find good stuff everywhere you turn. Lastly, this is an "open" book because of the Jupyter notebooks associated with this book that are ready to use and, more importantly, to extend to new problems and applications. Because of these features, this book transcends a traditional GIS textbook or how-to tech book and is highly recommended for anyone wishing to understand geographic data."- Ningchuan Xiao, Professor, The Ohio State UniversityTable of ContentsPart 1. Building Blocks 1. Geographic thinking for data scientists 2. Computational Tools for Geographic Data Science 3. Spatial Data 4. Spatial Weights Part 2. Spatial Data Analysis 5. Choropleth Mapping 6. Global Spatial Autocorrelation 7. Local Spatial Autocorrelation 8. Point Pattern Analysis Part 3. Advanced Topics 9. Spatial Inequality Dynamics 10. Clustering & Regionalization 11. Spatial Regression 12. Spatial Feature Engineering
£47.49
O'Reilly Media Python for Geospatial Data Analysis Theory Tools
Book SynopsisWith this practical book, geospatial professionals, data scientists, business analysts, geographers, geologists, and others familiar with data analysis and visualization will learn the fundamentals of spatial data analysis to gain a deeper understanding of their data questions.
£47.99
Cambridge University Press An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing
Book SynopsisFully updated, with significant new coverage of advances in satellite oceanography and results from new satellite missions, the second edition of this popular textbook introduces students to how remote sensing works, how to understand observations from Earth-observing systems, and the observations' importance to physical and biological oceanography. It provides full explanations of radiative transfer, ocean surface properties, satellite orbits, instruments and methods, visible remote sensing of biogeochemical properties, infrared and microwave retrieval of sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity retrieval, passive microwave measurements, scatterometer wind retrieval, altimetry and SAR. Also included are descriptions of the online archives where data can be obtained, and readers can obtain online tools for working with the data - enabling hands-on engagement with real-world observations. This is an ideal textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in oceanography, reTrade Review'This complex book has been written by a practitioner who is aware of the requirements of the user, but he presents the required information in a concise and yet accessible form.' Averil Leaver, Open University Geological Society JournalTable of ContentsPreface; List of chemical symbols; List of mathematical symbols; List of abbreviations and acronyms; 1. Background; 2. Ocean surface phenomena; 3. Electromagnetic radiation; 4. Atmospheric properties and radiative transfer; 5. Reflection, transmission and absorption at the atmosphere/ocean interface; 6. Ocean color; 7. Infrared observations of sea surface temperature (SST); 8. Introduction to microwave imagers; 9. Passive microwave observations of the atmosphere and ocean surface; 10. Introduction to radars; 11. Scatterometers; 12. The altimeter; 13. Imaging radars; 14. Other missions: the gravity missions, ICESat-1 and -2, CryoSat-2, SMOS, Aquarius/SAC-D; Appendix: useful data tables; References; Index.
£73.99
John Wiley & Sons Inc GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling
Book SynopsisExplains how GIS enhances the development of chemical fate and transport models Over the past decade, researchers have discovered that geographic information systems (GIS) are not only excellent tools for managing and displaying maps, but also useful in the analysis of chemical fate and transport in the environment. Among its many benefits, GIS facilitates the identification of critical factors that drive chemical fate and transport. Moreover, GIS makes it easier to communicate and explain key model assumptions. Based on the author''s firsthand experience in environmental assessment, GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling explores both GIS and chemical fate and transport modeling fundamentals, creating an interface between the two domains. It then explains how GIS analytical functions enable scientists to develop simple, yet comprehensive spatially explicit chemical fate and transport models that support real-world applications. In addition, the book features:<Table of ContentsPreface xiii Contributors xvii Chapter 1 | Chemicals, Models, and GIS: Introduction 1 1-1 Chemistry, Modeling, and Geography 1 1-2 Mr. Palomar and Models 2 1-3 What Makes a Model Different? 4 1-4 Simple, Complex, or Tiered? 7 Compatibility of Emissions and Concentrations 9 Spatiotemporal Variability 10 Spatial Patterns 12 More Complex Models and the Tale of Horatii and Curiatii 15 1-5 For Whom is this Book Written? 17 References 19 Chapter 2 | Basics of Chemical Compartment Models and Their Implementation with GIS Functions 23 2-1 Introduction 23 2-2 Phase Partitioning 24 Air Compartment 24 Surface Water Compartment 25 Soil Compartment 25 2-3 Diffusion, Dispersion, and Advection 26 2-4 Fluxes at the Interfaces 28 Air–Ground Surface Interface 28 Water–Air and Water–Bottom Sediment Interface 28 Soil–Air and Soil–Water Interface 29 Parameterization of Advection Velocities and Diffusion/Dispersion Rates 29 2-5 Reactions 32 2-6 Transport Within an Environmental Medium: The Advection–Diffusion Equation (ADE) 33 Soils 37 Surface Water 38 Atmosphere 39 2-7 Analytical Solutions 40 Example: The Domenico Model 40 Example: Implementation of a River Plug Flow Model in a Spreadsheet 45 2-8 Box Models, Multimedia and Multispecies Fate and Transport 47 Example: Implementing a Box Model of Soil Contamination and Water Pollution Loading in a Spreadsheet 51 2-9 Spatial Models: Implicit, Explicit, Detailed Explicit, and GIS-Based Schemes 57 References 65 Chapter 3 | Basics of GIS Operations 71 3-1 What is GIS? 71 3-2 GIS Data 72 Coordinate Systems 72 Example: Coordinate Transformation 75 Example: Georeference a Map from a Paper Using ArcGIS 77 GIS Formats 81 3-3 GIS Software 92 3-4 GIS Standards 93 Exercise: Browse and Export Geographic Objects in KML and Combine Them with Layers from a WMS 94 3-5 A Classification of GIS Operations for Chemical Fate Modeling 99 3-6 Spatial Thinking 100 3-7 Beyond GIS 103 3-8 Further Progress on GIS 104 References 104 Chapter 4 | Map Algebra 107 4-1 Map Algebra Operators and Syntaxes 109 4-2 Using Map Algebra to Compute a Gaussian Plume 112 Example: Using Map Algebra to Compute Volatilization Rates from Water Bodies 119 4-3 Using Map Algebra to Implement Isolated Box Models 121 References 124 Chapter 5 | Distance Calculations 127 5-1 Concepts of Distance Calculations 127 Example: Feature Buffering 127 Example: Join Based on Distance 129 5-2 Distance Along a Surface and Vertical Distance 134 5-3 Applications of Euclidean Distance in Pollution Problems 135 5-4 Cost Distance 139 Exercise: Euclidean and Cost distance Calculations 140 References 148 Chapter 6 | Spatial Statistics and Neighborhood Modeling in GIS 149 6-1 Variograms: Analyzing Spatial Patterns 149 Exercise: Computing Variograms of Observed Atmospheric Contaminants 154 6-2 Interpolation 160 6-3 Zonal Statistics 163 6-4 Neighborhood Statistics and Filters 164 Exercise: Creating a Population Map from Point and Polygon Data 169 References 170 Chapter 7 | Digital Elevation Models, Topographic Controls, and Hydrologic Modeling in GIS 171 7-1 Basic Surface Analysis 171 7-2 Drainage 178 Example: Pit Filling, Flow Direction, Flow Accumulation, and Flow Length in ArcGIS 178 Example: Catchment Population in India 183 Example: Travel Time 185 7-3 Using GIS Hydrological Functions in Chemical Fate and Transport Modeling 187 7-4 Non-D8 Methods and the TauDEM Algorithms 190 7-5 ESRI’s ‘‘Darcy Flow’’ and ‘‘Porous Puff’’ Functions 191 References 193 Chapter 8 | Elements of Dynamic Modeling in GIS 195 8-1 Dynamic GIS Models 195 8-2 Studying Time-Dependent Effects With Simple Map Algebra 200 Intermittent Emissions 200 Lagged Release from Historical Stockpiles 201 Stepwise Constant Emission and Removal Processes 202 8-3 Decoupling Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Models: The Mappe Global Approach 203 References 206 Chapter 9 | Metamodeling and Source–Receptor Relationship Modeling in GIS 209 9-1 Introduction 209 9-2 Metamodeling 210 9-3 Source–Receptor Relationships 213 References 215 Chapter 10 | Spatial Data Management in GIS and the Coupling of GIS and Environmental Models 217 10-1 Introduction 217 10-2 Historical Perspective of Emergence of Spatial Databases in Environmental Domain 218 10-3 Spatial Data Management in GIS: Theory and History 221 Spatial Database Definition 221 Relational Data Model Foundations 221 Object Relational Concepts: A Foundation Model for Spatial Databases—Theoretical Background 224 PostgreSQL/PostGIS Object Relational Support 225 Oracle Object Relational Support 225 10-4 Spatial Database Solutions 226 ESRI Geodatabase 226 PostgreSQL and PostGIS 229 Oracle Locator and Spatial 230 10-5 Simple Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and GIS: Hands-On Examples 230 Simple PostgreSQL/PostGIS Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and QuantumGIS 231 Simple Oracle XE Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton 237 10-6 Generalized Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and Geographic Mashups 244 Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton 244 Geographic Mashup 246 References 249 Chapter 11 | Soft Computing Methods for the Overlaying of Chemical Data with Other Spatially Varying Parameters 253 11-1 Introduction 253 11-2 Fuzzy Logic and Expert Judgment 258 11-3 Spatial Multicriteria Analysis 262 11-4 An Example of Vulnerability Mapping of Water Resources to Pollution 266 References 276 Chapter 12 | Types of Data Required for Chemical Fate Modeling 279 12-1 Climate and Atmospheric Data 280 12-2 Soil Data 286 12-3 Impervious Surface Area 289 12-4 Vegetation 289 12-5 Hydrological Data 291 12-6 Elevation Data 293 12-7 Hydrography 296 12-8 Lakes 298 12-9 Stream Network Hydraulic Data 298 12-10 Ocean Parameters 299 12-11 Human Activity 301 Land Use/Land Cover 303 Population 305 Stable Lights at Night 306 12-12 Using Satellite Images for the Extraction of Environmental Parameters 306 12-13 Compilations of Data for Chemical Fate and Transport Modeling 307 References 307 Chapter 13 | Retrieval and Analysis of Emission Data 311 13-1 Characterization of Emissions 311 13-2 Emissions based on Production Volumes 312 13-3 Estimation from Usage or Release Inventories 313 13-4 Emission Factors 313 13-5 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Emissions 314 Diffuse Emissions at Local to Regional Scale 317 Example: Estimating Urban Runoff Contaminants from Land Use and Population Data in the Province of Naples, Italy 318 Exercise: Apportionment of Emissions Using a Geographic Pattern 318 13-6 Modeling Traffic Flows 322 References 326 Chapter 14 | Characterization of Environmental Properties and Processes 329 14-1 Physicochemical Properties and Partition Coefficients 329 14-2 Aerosol and Suspended Sediments 330 Exercise: Computing SPM in Rivers Using the Formula of Hakanson and Co-workers 332 14-3 Diffusive Processes 335 14-4 Dispersion 335 14-5 Advective Processes 336 Atmospheric Deposition 336 Soil Water Budget Calculations 338 Soil Erosion 344 14-6 River and Lake Hydraulic Geometry 344 References 350 Chapter 15 | Complex Models, GIS, and Data Assimilation 353 15-1 Atmospheric Transport Models 353 Example: Dispersion Modeling of an Atmospheric Emission in Australia 354 15-2 Transport in Groundwater and the Analytic Element Method 361 15-3 GIS Functions of Modeling Systems and Data Assimilation 361 References 363 Chapter 16 | The Issue of Monitoring Data and the Evaluation of Spatial Models of Chemical Fate 365 16-1 Existing Monitoring Programs 366 16-2 Distributed Sampling 366 16-3 Methods for the Comparison of Measured and Modeled Concentrations 367 Exercise: Comparison of Two PCB Soil Concentration Models 368 References 375 Chapter 17 | From Fate to Exposure and Risk Modeling with GIS 377 17-1 Exposure and Risk for Human Health 377 17-2 Models for the Quantification of Chemical Intake by Humans 382 Exercise: Human Exposure, Intake, and Cancer Risk Related to Ingestion of Aboveground Produce Contaminated by Gas and Dust Deposition of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Emitted from an Industrial Emission Source 386 17-3 Ecological and Environmental Risk Assessment 393 Exercise: Mapping Patch Area and Ecotones in South America 398 17-4 Data for GIS Based Risk Assessment 400 References 401 Chapter 18 | GIS Based Models in Practice: The Multimedia Assessment of Pollutant Pathways in the Environment (MAPPE) Model 405 18-1 Introduction 405 18-2 Environmental Compartments Considered in the Model 407 Atmosphere Compartment 409 Soil Compartment 412 Inland Water Compartment 413 Seawater 415 18-3 Implementation in GIS: Example with Lindane 416 Scalar Input Quantities 416 Maps Describing Landscape and Climate Parameters 418 Air Compartment Calculations 419 Soil Compartment Calculations 422 Inland Water Compartment Calculations 427 Seawater Compartment Calculations 434 18-4 Using the Model For Scenario Assessment 436 References 441 Chapter 19 | Inverse Modeling and Its Application to Water Contaminants 443 19-1 Introduction 443 Exercise: Inverse Modeling of Caffeine in Europe 447 References 451 Chapter 20 | Chemical Fate and Transport Indicators and the Modeling of Contamination Patterns 453 20-1 The Relative Risk Model 453 Example: Relative Risk Assessment for Coastal Ecosystems Due to Wastewater Emission in South Africa 456 20-2 Use of Chemical Fate and Transport Indicators in the Context of Relative Risk Assessment: An Example with Contaminants Applied to Soil 459 Example: Generic Modeling of Sewage Sludge Soil Application in Mexico 464 References 472 Chapter 21 | Perspectives: The Challenge of Cumulative Impacts and Planetary Boundaries 475 References 478 Index 481
£125.06
John Wiley & Sons Inc Introducing Geographic Information Systems with
Book SynopsisAn integrated approach that combines essential GIS background with a practical workbook on applying the principles in ArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1 Introducing Geographic Information Systems with ArcGISintegrates a broad introduction to GIS with a software-specific workbook for Esri''s ArcGIS. Where most courses make do using two separate texts, one covering GIS and another the software, this book enables students and instructors to use a single text with an integrated approach covering both in one volume with a common vocabulary and instructional style. This revised edition focuses on the latest software updatesArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1. In addition to its already successful coverage, the book allows students to experience publishing maps on the Internet through new exercises, and introduces the idea of programming in the language Esri has chosen for applications (i.e., Python). A DVD is packaged with the book, as in prior editions, containing data for working out all
£84.95
John Wiley & Sons Inc Techniques and Methods in Urban Remote Sensing
Book SynopsisAn authoritative guide to the essential techniques and most recent advances in urban remote sensing Techniques and Methods in Urban Remote Sensing offers a comprehensive guide to the recent theories, methods, techniques, and applications in urban remote sensing. Written by a noted expert on the subject, this book explores the requirements for mapping impervious surfaces and examines the issue of scale. The book covers a range of topics and includes illustrative examples of commonly used methods for estimating and mapping urban impervious surfaces, explains how to determine urban thermal landscape and surface energy balance, and offers information on impacts of urbanization on land surface temperature, water quality, and environmental health. Techniques and Methods in Urban Remote Sensing brings together in one volume the latest opportunities for combining ever-increasing computational power, more plentiful and capable data, and more advanced algorithms. This allows the technologies Table of ContentsPreface ix Synopsis of the Book xiii Acknowledgments xvii About the Author xix 1 Urban Mapping Requirements 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Spectral Resolution Requirement 3 1.3 Temporal Resolution Requirement 6 1.4 Spatial Resolution Requirement 7 1.5 Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis of Urban Landscape 9 1.6 Summary 25 References 26 2 The Scale Issue 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 Urban Land Mapping and Categorical Scale 34 2.3 Observational Scale and Image Scene Models 36 2.4 Operational Scale 40 2.5 Scale Dependency of Urban Phenomena 41 2.6 Summary 46 References 47 3 Building Extraction and Classification 55 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Building Reconstruction 56 3.3 Building Classification 64 References 66 4 Estimation and Mapping of Impervious Surfaces 69 4.1 Introduction 69 4.2 Methods for Impervious Surface Extraction 70 4.3 Case Studies 72 4.4 Summary 85 References 85 5 Land Surface Temperature Data Generation 91 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Generating Daily Land Surface Temperature by Data Fusion 95 5.3 Reconstructing Consistent LSTs at Landsat Resolution 111 References 121 6 Urban Heat Islands Modeling and Analysis 129 6.1 Introduction 129 6.2 Characterizing UHIs Using a Convolution Model 130 6.3 Object‐Based Extraction of Hot Spots 138 References 146 7 Estimation of Urban Surface Energy Fluxes 151 7.1 Introduction 151 7.2 Data and Methodology 154 7.3 Heat Fluxes in Four Seasons 160 7.4 Heat Fluxes by LULC Type 162 7.5 Extreme Values of Heat Fluxes 164 7.6 Anthropogenic Heat Discharge 166 7.7 Summary 167 References 169 8 Cities at Night 175 8.1 Introduction 175 8.2 Detecting Urban Extent Changes 177 8.3 Spatiotemporal Pattern of Energy Consumption in United States and China 185 References 197 9 Urban Runoff Modeling and Prediction 201 9.1 Introduction 201 9.2 Estimating Composite CN and Simulating Urban Surface Runoff 205 9.3 Surface Water Quality and Urban Land‐Cover Changes 212 References 227 10 Urban Ecology of West Nile Virus 233 10.1 Introduction 233 10.2 Research Background 235 10.3 Effect of Landscape and Socioeconomic Conditions on WNV Dissemination in Chicago 236 10.4 WNV‐Risk Areas in Southern California, 2007–2009 247 References 260 11 Impacts of Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Water Quality 267 11.1 Introduction 267 11.2 Impact of Urbanization‐Induced Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Change on LST 269 11.3 Simulating the Impacts of Future Land‐Use and Climate Changes on Surface Water Quality 283 11.4 Summary 299 References 300 12 Remote Sensing of Socioeconomic Attributes 307 12.1 Introduction 307 12.2 Population Estimation Using Landsat ETM+ Imagery 312 12.3 Assessing Urban Environmental Quality Change 322 References 337 Index 343
£100.76
John Wiley & Sons Inc GPS Satellite Surveying
Book SynopsisEmploy the latest satellite positioning tech with this extensive guide GPS Satellite Surveying is the classic text on the subject, providing the most comprehensive coverage of global navigation satellite systems applications for surveying.Table of ContentsPREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix ABBREVIATIONS xxi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 LEAST-SQUARES ADJUSTMENTS 11 2.1 Elementary Considerations 12 2.1.1 Statistical Nature of Surveying Measurements 12 2.1.2 Observational Errors 13 2.1.3 Accuracy and Precision 13 2.2 Stochastic and Mathematical Models 14 2.3 Mixed Model 17 2.3.1 Linearization 18 2.3.2 Minimization and Solution 19 2.3.3 Cofactor Matrices 20 2.3.4 A Posteriori Variance of Unit Weight 21 2.3.5 Iterations 22 2.4 Sequential Mixed Model 23 2.5 Model Specifications 29 2.5.1 Observation Equation Model 29 2.5.2 Condition Equation Model 30 2.5.3 Mixed Model with Observation Equations 30 2.5.4 Sequential Observation Equation Model 32 2.5.5 Observation Equation Model with Observed Parameters 32 2.5.6 Mixed Model with Conditions 34 2.5.7 Observation Equation Model with Conditions 35 2.6 Minimal and Inner Constraints 37 2.7 Statistics in Least-Squares Adjustment 42 2.7.1 Fundamental Test 42 2.7.2 Testing Sequential Least Squares 48 2.7.3 General Linear Hypothesis 49 2.7.4 Ellipses as Confidence Regions 52 2.7.5 Properties of Standard Ellipses 56 2.7.6 Other Measures of Precision 60 2.8 Reliability 62 2.8.1 Redundancy Numbers 62 2.8.2 Controlling Type-II Error for a Single Blunder 64 2.8.3 Internal Reliability 67 2.8.4 Absorption 67 2.8.5 External Reliability 68 2.8.6 Correlated Cases 69 2.9 Blunder Detection 70 2.9.1 Tau Test 71 2.9.2 Data Snooping 71 2.9.3 Changing Weights of Observations 72 2.10 Examples 72 2.11 Kalman Filtering 77 3 RECURSIVE LEAST SQUARES 81 3.1 Static Parameter 82 3.2 Static Parameters and Arbitrary Time-Varying Variables 87 3.3 Dynamic Constraints 96 3.4 Static Parameters and Dynamic Constraints 112 3.5 Static Parameter, Parameters Subject to Dynamic Constraints, and Arbitrary Time-Varying Parameters 125 4 GEODESY 129 4.1 International Terrestrial Reference Frame 131 4.1.1 Polar Motion 132 4.1.2 Tectonic Plate Motion 133 4.1.3 Solid Earth Tides 135 4.1.4 Ocean Loading 135 4.1.5 Relating of Nearly Aligned Frames 136 4.1.6 ITRF and NAD83 138 4.2 International Celestial Reference System 141 4.2.1 Transforming Terrestrial and Celestial Frames 143 4.2.2 Time Systems 149 4.3 Datum 151 4.3.1 Geoid 152 4.3.2 Ellipsoid of Rotation 157 4.3.3 Geoid Undulations and Deflections of the Vertical 158 4.3.4 Reductions to the Ellipsoid 162 4.4 3D Geodetic Model 166 4.4.1 Partial Derivatives 169 4.4.2 Reparameterization 170 4.4.3 Implementation Considerations 171 4.4.4 GPS Vector Networks 174 4.4.5 Transforming Terrestrial and Vector Networks 176 4.4.6 GPS Network Examples 178 4.5 Ellipsoidal Model 190 4.5.1 Reduction of Observations 191 4.5.2 Direct and Inverse Solutions on the Ellipsoid 195 4.5.3 Network Adjustment on the Ellipsoid 196 4.6 Conformal Mapping Model 197 4.6.1 Reduction of Observations 198 4.6.2 Angular Excess 200 4.6.3 Direct and Inverse Solutions on the Map 201 4.6.4 Network Adjustment on the Map 201 4.6.5 Similarity Revisited 203 4.7 Summary 204 5 SATELLITE SYSTEMS 207 5.1 Motion of Satellites 207 5.1.1 Kepler Elements 208 5.1.2 Normal Orbital Theory 210 5.1.3 Satellite Visibility and Topocentric Motion 219 5.1.4 Perturbed Satellite Motion 219 5.2 Global Positioning System 225 5.2.1 General Description 226 5.2.2 Satellite Transmissions at 2014 228 5.2.3 GPS Modernization Comprising Block IIM, Block IIF, and Block III 239 5.3 GLONASS 245 5.4 Galileo 248 5.5 QZSS 250 5.6 Beidou 252 5.7 IRNSS 254 5.8 SBAS: WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, MSAS, and SDCM 254 6 GNSS POSITIONING APPROACHES 257 6.1 Observables 258 6.1.1 Undifferenced Functions 261 6.1.2 Single Differences 271 6.1.3 Double Differences 273 6.1.4 Triple Differences 275 6.2 Operational Details 275 6.2.1 Computing the Topocentric Range 275 6.2.2 Satellite Timing Considerations 276 6.2.3 Cycle Slips 282 6.2.4 Phase Windup Correction 283 6.2.5 Multipath 286 6.2.6 Phase Center Offset and Variation 292 6.2.7 GNSS Services 295 6.3 Navigation Solution 299 6.3.1 Linearized Solution 299 6.3.2 DOPs and Singularities 301 6.3.3 Nonlinear Closed Solution 303 6.4 Relative Positioning 304 6.4.1 Nonlinear Double-Difference Pseudorange Solution 305 6.4.2 Linearized Double- and Triple-Differenced Solutions 306 6.4.3 Aspects of Relative Positioning 310 6.4.4 Equivalent Undifferenced Formulation 315 6.4.5 Ambiguity Function 316 6.4.6 GLONASS Carrier Phase 319 6.5 Ambiguity Fixing 324 6.5.1 The Constraint Solution 324 6.5.2 LAMBDA 327 6.5.3 Discernibility 334 6.5.4 Lattice Reduction and Integer Least Squares 337 6.6 Network-Supported Positioning 357 6.6.1 PPP 357 6.6.2 CORS 363 6.6.3 PPP-RTK 367 6.7 Triple-Frequency Solutions 382 6.7.1 Single-Step Position Solution 382 6.7.2 Geometry-Free TCAR 386 6.7.3 Geometry-Based TCAR 395 6.7.4 Integrated TCAR 396 6.7.5 Positioning with Resolved Wide Lanes 397 6.8 Summary 398 7 REAL-TIME KINEMATICS RELATIVE POSITIONING 401 7.1 Multisystem Considerations 402 7.2 Undifferenced and Across-Receiver Difference Observations 403 7.3 Linearization and Hardware Bias Parameterization 408 7.4 RTK Algorithm for Static and Short Baselines 418 7.4.1 Illustrative Example 422 7.5 RTK Algorithm for Kinematic Rovers and Short Baselines 429 7.5.1 Illustrative Example 431 7.6 RTK Algorithm with Dynamic Model and Short Baselines 435 7.6.1 Illustrative Example 437 7.7 RTK Algorithm with Dynamic Model and Long Baselines 441 7.7.1 Illustrative Example 442 7.8 RTK Algorithms with Changing Number of Signals 445 7.9 Cycle Slip Detection and Isolation 450 7.9.1 Solutions Based on Signal Redundancy 455 7.10 Across-Receiver Ambiguity Fixing 466 7.10.1 Illustrative Example 470 7.11 Software Implementation 473 8 TROPOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE 475 8.1 Overview 476 8.2 Tropospheric Refraction and Delay 479 8.2.1 Zenith Delay Functions 482 8.2.2 Mapping Functions 482 8.2.3 Precipitable Water Vapor 485 8.3 Troposphere Absorption 487 8.3.1 The Radiative Transfer Equation 487 8.3.2 Absorption Line Profiles 490 8.3.3 General Statistical Retrieval 492 8.3.4 Calibration of WVR 494 8.4 Ionospheric Refraction 496 8.4.1 Index of Ionospheric Refraction 499 8.4.2 Ionospheric Function and Cycle Slips 504 8.4.3 Single-Layer Ionospheric Mapping Function 505 8.4.4 VTEC from Ground Observations 507 8.4.5 Global Ionospheric Maps 509 9 GNSS RECEIVER ANTENNAS 513 9.1 Elements of Electromagnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves 515 9.1.1 Electromagnetic Field 515 9.1.2 Plane Electromagnetic Wave 518 9.1.3 Complex Notations and Plane Wave in Lossy Media 525 9.1.4 Radiation and Spherical Waves 530 9.1.5 Receiving Mode 536 9.1.6 Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves 537 9.1.7 The dB Scale 544 9.2 Antenna Pattern and Gain 546 9.2.1 Receiving GNSS Antenna Pattern and Reference Station and Rover Antennas 546 9.2.2 Directivity 553 9.2.3 Polarization Properties of the Receiving GNSS Antenna 558 9.2.4 Antenna Gain 562 9.2.5 Antenna Effective Area 564 9.3 Phase Center 565 9.3.1 Antenna Phase Pattern 566 9.3.2 Phase Center Offset and Variations 568 9.3.3 Antenna Calibrations 575 9.3.4 Group Delay Pattern 577 9.4 Diffraction and Multipath 578 9.4.1 Diffraction Phenomena 578 9.4.2 General Characterization of Carrier Phase Multipath 585 9.4.3 Specular Reflections 587 9.4.4 Antenna Down-Up Ratio 593 9.4.5 PCV and PCO Errors Due to Ground Multipath 597 9.5 Transmission Lines 600 9.5.1 Transmission Line Basics 600 9.5.2 Antenna Frequency Response 606 9.5.3 Cable Losses 608 9.6 Signal-to-Noise Ratio 609 9.6.1 Noise Temperature 609 9.6.2 Characterization of Noise Sources 611 9.6.3 Signal and Noise Propagation through a Chain of Circuits 615 9.6.4 SNR of the GNSS Receiving System 619 9.7 Antenna Types 620 9.7.1 Patch Antennas 620 9.7.2 Other Types of Antennas 629 9.7.3 Flat Metal Ground Planes 629 9.7.4 Impedance Ground Planes 634 9.7.5 Vertical Choke Rings and Compact Rover Antenna 642 9.7.6 Semitransparent Ground Planes 644 9.7.7 Array Antennas 645 9.7.8 Antenna Manufacturing Issues 650 APPENDIXES A GENERAL BACKGROUND 653 B THE ELLIPSOID 697 C CONFORMAL MAPPING 715 D VECTOR CALCULUS AND DELTA FUNCTION 741 E ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD GENERATED BY ARBITRARY SOURCES, MAGNETIC CURRENTS, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, AND IMAGES 747 F DIFFRACTION OVER HALF-PLANE 755 G SINGLE CAVITY MODE APPROXIMATION WITH PATCH ANTENNA ANALYSIS 759 H PATCH ANTENNAS WITH ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES 763 I CONVEX PATCH ARRAY GEODETIC ANTENNA 769 REFERENCES 773 AUTHOR INDEX 793 SUBJECT INDEX 801
£128.66
John Wiley & Sons Inc Geographic Information Science and Systems
Book SynopsisEffective use of today's powerful GIS technology requires an understanding of the science of problem-solving that underpins it. Since the first edition published over a decade ago, this book has led the way, with its focus on the scientific principles that support GIS usage. It has also provided thorough, upto- date coverage of GIS procedures, techniques and public policy applications. This unique combination of science, technology and practical problem solving has made this book a best-seller across a broad spectrum of disciplines. This fully updated 4th edition continues to deliver on these strengths.Table of ContentsFOREWORD x DEDICATION xi PREFACE xii LIST OF ACRONYMS xiv Introduction 1 Geographic Information: Science, Systems, and Society 1 1.1 Introduction: What Are GI Science and Systems, and Why Do They Matter? 1 1.2 Data, Information, Evidence, Knowledge, and Wisdom 9 1.3 GI Science and Systems 11 1.4 The Technology of Problem Solving 14 1.5 The Disciplinary Setting of GI Science and Systems (GISS) 16 1.6 GI Science and Spatial Thinking 30 1.7 GI Systems and Science in Society 31 Questions for Further Study 32 Further Reading 32 1 Principles 2 The Nature of Geographic Data 33 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 The Fundamental Problem 34 2.3 Spatial Autocorrelation and Scale 37 2.4 Spatial Sampling 39 2.5 Sampling and VGI 42 2.6 Distance Decay 43 2.7 Measuring Distance Effects as Spatial Autocorrelation 48 2.8 Taming Geographic Monsters 51 2.9 Induction and Deduction and How It All Comes Together 53 Questions for Further Study 54 Further Reading 54 3 Representing Geography 55 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Digital Representation 57 3.3 Representation of What and for Whom? 58 3.4 The Fundamental Problem 61 3.5 Discrete Objects and Continuous Fields 62 3.6 Rasters and Vectors 66 3.7 The Paper Map 69 3.8 Generalization 71 3.9 Conclusion 76 Questions for Further Study 76 Further Reading 76 4 Georeferencing 77 4.1 Introduction 77 4.2 Place-Names and Points of Interest 80 4.3 Postal Addresses and Postal Codes 82 4.4 IP Addresses 84 4.5 Linear Referencing Systems 84 4.6 Cadasters and the U.S. Public Land Survey System 85 4.7 Measuring the Earth: Latitude and Longitude 86 4.8 Projections and Coordinates 88 4.9 Measuring Latitude, Longitude, and Elevation: GPS 94 4.10 Converting Georeferences 95 4.11 Geotagging and Mashups 96 4.12 Georegistration 96 4.13 Summary 98 Questions for Further Study 98 Further Reading 98 5 Uncertainty 99 5.1 Introduction 99 5.2 U1: Uncertainty in the Conception of Geographic Phenomena 101 5.3 U2: Further Uncertainty in the Representation of Geographic Phenomena 111 5.4 U3: Further Uncertainty in the Analysis of Geographic Phenomena 117 5.5 Consolidation 126 Questions for Further Study 127 Further Reading 127 2 Techniques 6 GI System Software 128 6.1 Introduction 128 6.2 The Evolution of GI System Software 129 6.3 Architecture of GI System Software 131 6.4 Building GI Software Systems 136 6.5 GI Software Vendors 137 6.6 Types of GI Systems 140 6.7 Conclusion 150 Questions for Further Study 151 Further Reading 151 7 Geographic Data Modeling 152 7.1 Introduction 152 7.2 GI Data Models 154 7.3 Example of a Water-Facility Object Data Model 168 7.4 Geographic Data Modeling in Practice 170 Questions for Further Study 172 Further Reading 172 8 Data Collection 173 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 Primary Geographic Data Capture 175 8.3 Secondary Geographic Data Capture 181 8.4 Obtaining Data from External Sources (Data Transfer) 187 8.5 Capturing Attribute Data 190 8.6 Citizen-Centric Web-Based Data Collection 190 8.7 Managing a Data Collection Project 191 Questions for Further Study 193 Further Reading 193 9 Creating and Maintaining Geographic Databases 194 9.1 Introduction 194 9.2 Database Management Systems 195 9.3 Storing Data in DBMS Tables 198 9.4 SQL 201 9.5 Geographic Database Types and Functions 202 9.6 Geographic Database Design 205 9.7 Structuring Geographic Information 206 9.8 Editing and Data Maintenance 212 9.9 Multiuser Editing of Continuous Databases 213 9.10 Conclusion 214 Questions for Further Study 216 Further Reading 216 10 The GeoWeb 217 10.1 Introduction 217 10.2 Distributing the Data 222 10.3 The Mobile User 227 10.4 Distributing the Software: GI Services 233 10.5 Prospects 235 Questions for Further Study 236 Further Reading 236 3 Analysis 11 Cartography and Map Production 237 11.1 Introduction 237 11.2 Maps and Cartography 241 11.3 Principles of Map Design 246 11.4 Map Series 257 11.5 Applications 261 11.6 Conclusion 265 Questions for Further Study 265 Further Reading 265 12 Geovisualization 266 12.1 Introduction: Uses, Users, Messages, and Media 266 12.2 Geovisualization, Spatial Query, and User Interaction 268 12.3 Geovisualization and Transformation 274 12.4 Participation, Interaction, Augmentation, and Dynamic Representation 280 12.5 Consolidation 288 Questions for Further Study 289 Further Reading 289 13 Spatial Data Analysis 290 13.1 Introduction: What Is Spatial Analysis? 290 13.2 Analysis Based on Location 295 13.3 Analysis Based on Distance 304 13.4 Conclusion 317 Questions for Further Study 318 Further Reading 318 14 Spatial Analysis and Inference 319 14.1 The Purpose of Area-Based Analyses 319 14.2 Centrality 321 14.3 Analysis of Surfaces 324 14.4 Design 329 14.5 Hypothesis Testing 334 14.6 Conclusion 337 Questions for Further Study 338 Further Reading 338 15 Spatial Modeling with GI Systems 339 15.1 Introduction 339 15.2 Types of Models 343 15.3 Technology for Modeling 351 15.4 Multicriteria Methods 352 15.5 Accuracy and Validity: Testing the Model 354 15.6 Conclusion 356 Questions for Further Study 357 Further Reading 357 4 Policy, Management, and Action 16 Managing GI Systems 358 16.1 Introduction 359 16.2 Managing Risk 359 16.3 The Case for the GI System: ROI 360 16.4 The Process of Developing a Sustainable GI System 366 16.5 Sustaining a GI System—The People and Their Competences 378 16.6 Conclusions 380 Questions for Further Study 380 Further Reading 380 17 Information and Decision Making 381 17.1 Why We Need Information 381 17.2 Information as Infrastructure 386 17.3 Different Forms of GI 391 17.4 Open Data and Open Government 404 17.5 Example of an Information Infrastructure: The Military 406 17.6 Conclusions 409 Questions for Further Study 410 Further Reading 410 18 Navigating the Risks 411 18.1 Clashes Between Scientists and the Judiciary 412 18.2 Business Models for GI-Related Enterprises 412 18.3 Legal and Regulatory Constraints 414 18.4 Privacy and GI Systems 421 18.5 Public Trust, Ethics, and Coping with the Media 424 18.6 Partnerships, Up-Scaling Activities, and Risk Mitigation 426 18.7 Coping with Spatial Stupidity 432 18.8 Conclusions 433 Questions for Further Study 434 Further Reading 434 19 Epilog: GISS in the Service of Humanity 435 19.1 GISS, the Active Citizen, and Citizen Scientists 435 19.2 Context: Our Differentiated World 437 19.3 Context: Our Interdependent World 440 19.4 The Process 441 19.5 The Grand Challenges 443 19.6 Grand Challenges Whose Effects We Can Help to Ameliorate 445 19.7 Conclusions 459 Questions For Further Study 460 Further Reading 460 INDEX 461
£159.26
