Geographical information systems Books

Book SynopsisUrban Remote Sensing The second edition of Urban Remote Sensing is a state-of-the-art review of the latest progress in the subject. The text examines how evolving innovations in remote sensing allow to deliver the critical information on cities in a timely and cost-effective way to support various urban management activities and the scientific research on urban morphology, socio-environmental dynamics, and sustainability. Chapters are written by leading scholars from a variety of disciplines including remote sensing, GIS, geography, urban planning, environmental science, and sustainability science, with case studies predominately drawn from North America and Europe. A review of the essential and emerging research areas in urban remote sensing including sensors, techniques, and applications, especially some critical issues that are shifting thedirections in urban remote sensing research. Illustrated in full color throughout, including numerous relevaTable of ContentsList of Contributors ix Authors Biography xv Preface xxvii Part I Introduction 1 Progress in Urban Remote Sensing: An Overview 3 Xiaojun Yang Part II Sensors and Systems for Urban Areas 2 Examining Urban Built-up Volume: Three-Dimensional Analyses with Lidar and Radar Data 17 Adam J. Mathews and Son V. Nghiem 3 Opportunities and Challenges of Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Urban Applications 47 Feilin Lai, Austin Bush, Xiaojun Yang, and David Merrick 4 Methods of Social Sensing for Urban Studies 71 Yu Liu, Song Gao, Yihong Yuan, Fan Zhang, Chaogui Kang, Yuhao Kang, and Keli Wang 5 Urban Remote Sensing Using Ground-Based Street View Images 91 Xiaojiang Li 6 Spatial Distribution of City Tweets and Their Densities 115 Bin Jiang, Ding Ma, Junjun Yin, and Mats Sandberg 7 Integrating Remote Sensing and Social Sensing to Examine Socioeconomic Dynamics: A Case Study of Twitter and Nighttime Light Imagery 131 Guofeng Cao and Naizhuo Zhao Part III Algorithms and Techniques for Urban Attribute Extraction 8 Deep Learning for Urban and Landscape Mapping from Remotely Sensed Imagery 153 Feilin Lai, Atharva Sharma, Xiuwen Liu, and Xiaojun Yang 9 Google Earth Engine Advancing Urban Land Change Science 175 Le Wang, Dameng Yin, Jinyan Tian, and Ying Lu 10 Use of Image Endmember Libraries for Multi-Sensor, Multi-Scale, and Multi-Site Mapping of Urban Areas 189 Frank Canters, Sam Cooper, Jeroen Degerickx, Uta Heiden, Marianne Jilge, Akpona Okujeni, Frederik Priem, Ben Somers, and Sebastian van der Linden 11 Satellite Monitoring of Urbanization and Environmental Impacts in Stockholm, Sweden, Through a Multiscale Approach 217 Dorothy Furberg and Yifang Ban Part IV Urban Socioeconomic Applications 12 Global Monitoring with the Atlas of Urban Expansion 247 Alejandro Blei and Shlomo Angel 13 Effect of Image Classification Accuracy on Dasymetric Population Estimation 283 Jacob McKee and Eric Weber 14 Mapping the Morphology of Urban Deprivation: The Role of Remote Sensing for Developing a Global Slum Repository 305 Monika Kuffer, Taïs Grippa, Claudio Persello, Hannes Taubenböck, Karin Pfeffer, and Richard Sliuzas 15 The City is the Medium and Satellite Imagery Are a Prism: Conceptualizing Urban Conflict Damage Monitoring with Multitemporal Remote Sensing Data 325 Jamon Van Den Hoek Part V Urban Environmental Applications 16 US Cities in the Dark: Mapping Man-Made Carbon Dioxide Emissions Over the Contiguous US Using NASA’s Black Marble Nighttime Lights Product 337 Tomohiro Oda, Miguel O. Román, Zhuosen Wang, Eleanor C. Stokes, Qingsong Sun, Ranjay M. Shrestha, Sha Feng, Thomas Lauvaux, Rostyslav Bun, Shamil Maksyutov, Srija Chakraborty, Ian Paynter, and Virginia L. Kalb 17 Thermal Infrared Imaging of the Urban Landscape to Understand Urban Microclimate 369 Jinxin Yang, Massimo Menenti, Man S. Wong, Zhifeng Wu, Xiaoying Ouyang, Yong Xu, and Sawaid Abbas 18 Monitoring Air Pollution in the Urban Environment by Remote Sensing 391 Alexandra A. Chudnovsky 19 Characterizing After-Rain Standing Waters in Urban Built Environments Through a Multilevel Image Analysis 423 Tzai-Hung Wen, Hao-Yu Liao, Kai-Ling Yang, and Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen 20 Remote Sensing and Urban Green Infrastructure: A Synthesis of Current Applications and New Advances 447 Yanhua Chen, Giovanni Sanesi, Xun Li, Wendy Y. Chen, and Raffaele Lafortezza 21 Remote Sensing for Urban Sustainability Research and Sustainable Development Goals: Green Space, Public Recreation Space, and Urban Climate 469 Arthur Lehner and Thomas Blaschke Index 495

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Book SynopsisSensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality A comprehensive guide to the development and application of smart sensing technologies for water quality monitoring With contributions from a panel of experts on the topic, Sensing Technologies for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality offers an authoritative resource that explores a complete set of sensing technologies designed to monitor, in real-time, water quality including agriculture. The contributing authors explore the fundamentals of sensing technologies and review the most recent advances of various materials and sensors for water quality??monitoring. This comprehensive resource includes information on a range of designs of smart electronics, communication systems, packaging, and innovative implementation approaches used for remote monitoring of water quality in various atmospheres. The book explores a variety of techniques for online water quality monitoring including internet of Things (IoT), communication systTable of ContentsAbout the Editors xiii List of Contributors xv Preface xix Section I Materials and Sensors Development Including Case Study 1 1 Smart Sensors for Monitoring pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Electrical Conductivity, and Temperature in Water 3 Kiranmai Uppuluri 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Water Quality Parameters and Their Importance 4 1.2.1 Impact of pH on Water Quality 4 1.2.2 Impact of Dissolved Oxygen on Water Quality 5 1.2.3 Impact of Electrical Conductivity on Water Quality 5 1.2.4 Impact of Temperature on Water Quality 5 1.3 Water Quality Sensors 6 1.3.1 pH 7 1.3.1.1 pH Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 7 1.3.1.2 Glass Electrode 7 1.3.1.3 Solid- State Ion- Selective Electrodes 8 1.3.1.4 Metal Oxide pH Sensors 8 1.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen 10 1.3.2.1 DO Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 10 1.3.2.2 Chemical Sensors 10 1.3.2.3 Electrochemical Sensors 11 1.3.2.4 Optical or Photochemical Sensors 12 1.3.3 Electrical Conductivity 13 1.3.3.1 Conductivity Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 13 1.3.4 Temperature 15 1.3.4.1 Temperature Sensors: Principles, Materials, and Designs 16 1.3.4.2 Thermocouples 17 1.3.4.3 Resistance Temperature Detector 17 1.3.4.4 Thermistor 17 1.3.4.5 Integrated Circuit 18 1.4 Smart Sensors 18 1.5 Conclusion 18 Acknowledgment 19 References 19 2 Dissolved Heavy Metal Ions Monitoring Sensors for Water Quality Analysis 25 Tarun Narayan, Pierre Lovera, and Alan O’Riordan 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Sources and Effects of Heavy Metals 26 2.3 Detection Techniques 26 2.3.1 Analytical Detection: Conventional Detection Techniques of Heavy Metals 26 2.3.2 Electrochemical Detection Techniques of Heavy Metals 26 2.3.2.1 Nanomaterial- Modified Electrodes 29 2.3.2.2 Metal Nanoparticle- Based Modification 29 2.3.2.3 Metal Oxide Nanoparticle- Based Modification 33 2.3.2.4 Carbon Nanomaterials- Based Modification 34 2.3.3 Biomolecules Modification for Heavy Metal Detection 35 2.3.3.1 Antibody- Based Detection 35 2.3.3.2 Nucleic Acid- Based Detection 37 2.3.3.3 Cell- Based Sensor 38 2.4 Future Direction 40 2.5 Conclusions 40 Acknowledgment 41 References 42 3 Ammonia, Nitrate, and Urea Sensors in Aquatic Environments 51 Fabiane Fantinelli Franco 3.1 Introduction 51 3.2 Detection Techniques for Ammonia, Nitrate, and Urea in Water 53 3.2.1 Spectrophotometry 53 3.2.2 Fluorometry 54 3.2.3 Electrochemical Sensors 54 3.3 Ammonia 59 3.3.1 Ammonia in Aquatic Environments 59 3.3.2 Ammonia Detection Techniques 62 3.4 Nitrate 65 3.4.1 Nitrate in Aquatic Environments 65 3.4.2 Nitrate Detection Techniques 65 3.5 Urea 67 3.5.1 Urea in Aquatic Environment 67 3.5.2 Urea Detection Techniques 69 3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 71 Acknowledgment 71 References 71 4 Monitoring of Pesticides Presence in Aqueous Environment 77 Yuqing Yang, Pierre Lovera, and Alan O’Riordan 4.1 Introduction: Background on Pesticides 77 4.1.1 Types and Properties 77 4.1.2 Risks 78 4.1.3 Regulation and Legislation 79 4.1.4 Occurrence of Pesticide Exceedance 80 4.2 Current Pesticides Detection Methods 80 4.2.1 Detection of Pesticides Based on Electrochemical Methods 82 4.2.1.1 Brief Overview of Electrochemical Methods 82 4.2.1.2 Detection of Pesticides by Electrochemistry 82 4.2.2 Detection of Pesticides Based on Optical Methods 83 4.2.2.1 Detection of Pesticides Based on Fluorescence 87 4.2.3 Detection of Pesticides Based on Raman Spectroscopy 89 4.2.3.1 Introduction to SERS 89 4.2.3.2 Fabrication of SERS Substrates 91 4.2.3.3 Detection of Pesticide by SERS 92 4.2.3.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 95 4.3 Conclusion 96 Acknowledgment 96 References 96 5 Waterborne Bacteria Detection Based on Electrochemical Transducer 107 Nasrin Razmi, Magnus Willander, and Omer Nur 5.1 Introduction 107 5.2 Typical Waterborne Pathogens 108 5.3 Traditional Diagnostic Tools 108 5.4 Biosensors for Bacteria Detection in Water 110 5.4.1 Common Bioreceptors for Electrochemical Sensing of Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogenic Bacteria 110 5.4.1.1 Antibodies 111 5.4.1.2 Enzymes 111 5.4.1.3 DNA and Aptamers 111 5.4.1.4 Phages 112 5.4.1.5 Cell and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers 112 5.4.2 Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensing of Waterborne Pathogenic Bacteria 112 5.4.2.1 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 113 5.4.2.2 Conducting Polymeric Nanoparticles 114 5.4.2.3 Carbon Nanomaterials 114 5.4.2.4 Silica Nanoparticles 114 5.5 Various Electrochemical Biosensors Available for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection in Water 115 5.5.1 Amperometric Detection 115 5.5.2 Impedimetric Detection 121 5.5.3 Conductometric Detection 123 5.5.4 Potentiometric Detection 124 5.6 Conclusion and Future Prospective 126 Acknowledgment 127 References 127 6 Zinc Oxide- Based Miniature Sensor Networks for Continuous Monitoring of Aqueous pH in Smart Agriculture 139 Akshaya Kumar Aliyana, Aiswarya Baburaj, Naveen Kumar S. K., and Renny Edwin Fernandez 6.1 Introduction 139 6.2 Metal Oxide- Based Sensors and Detection Methods 140 6.3 pH Sensor Fabrication 141 6.3.1 Detection of pH: Materials and Method 141 6.3.2 Detection of pH: Surface Morphology of the Nanostructured ZnO and IDEs 144 6.3.3 Detection of pH: Electrochemical Sensing Performance 145 6.3.4 Detection of Real- Time pH Level in Smart Agriculture: Wireless Sensor Networks and Embedded System 149 6.4 Conclusion 151 Acknowledgment 152 References 152 Section II Readout Electronic and Packaging 161 7 Integration and Packaging for Water Monitoring Systems 163 Muhammad Hassan Malik and Ali Roshanghias 7.1 Introduction 163 7.2 Advanced Water Quality Monitoring Systems 167 7.2.1 Multi- sensing on a Single Chip 167 7.2.2 Heterogeneous Integration 169 7.2.3 Case Study: MoboSens 169 7.3 Basics of Packaging 171 7.4 Hybrid Flexible Packaging 173 7.4.1 Interconnects 174 7.4.2 Thin Die Embedding 176 7.4.3 Encapsulation and Hermeticity 178 7.4.4 Roll to Roll Assembly 180 7.5 Conclusion 181 References 181 8 A Survey on Transmit and Receive Circuits in Underwater Communication for Sensor Nodes 185 Noushin Ghaderi and Leandro Lorenzelli 8.1 Introduction 185 8.2 Sensor Networks in an Underwater Environment 186 8.2.1 Acoustic Sensor Network 186 8.2.1.1 Energy Sink- Hole Problem 187 8.2.1.2 Acoustic Sensor Design Problems 188 8.2.1.3 The Underwater Transducer 189 8.2.1.4 Amplifier Design 190 8.2.1.5 Analog- to- Digital Converter 194 8.2.2 Electromagnetic (EM) Waves Underwater Sensors 197 8.2.2.1 Antenna Design 198 8.2.2.2 Multipath Propagation 198 8.3 Conclusion 199 Acknowledgment 199 References 200 Section III Sensing Data Assessment and Deployment Including Extreme Environment and Advanced Pollutants 203 9 An Introduction to Microplastics, and Its Sampling Processes and Assessment Techniques 205 Bappa Mitra, Andrea Adami, Ravinder Dahiya, and Leandro Lorenzelli 9.1 Introduction 205 9.1.1 Properties of Microplastics 208 9.1.2 Microplastics in Food Chain 209 9.1.3 Human Consumption of Microplastics and Possible Health Effects 209 9.1.4 Overview 210 9.2 Microplastic Sampling Tools 212 9.2.1 Non- Discrete Sampling Devices 212 9.2.1.1 Nets 212 9.2.1.2 Pump Tools 213 9.2.2 Discrete Sampling Devices 215 9.2.3 Surface Microlayer Sampling Devices 215 9.3 Microplastics Separation 215 9.3.1 Separating Microplastics from Liquid Samples 215 9.3.1.1 Filtration 215 9.3.1.2 Sieving 216 9.3.2 Separating Microplastics from Sediments 218 9.3.2.1 Density Separation 218 9.3.2.2 Elutriation 218 9.3.2.3 Froth Floatation 219 9.4 Microplastic Sample Digestion Process 220 9.4.1 Acidic Digestion 221 9.4.2 Alkaline Digestion 221 9.4.3 Oxidizing Digestion 221 9.4.4 Enzymatic Degradation 222 9.5 Microplastic Identification and Classification 222 9.5.1 Visual Counting 222 9.5.2 Fluorescence 223 9.5.3 Destructive Analysis 223 9.5.3.1 Thermoanalytical Methods 224 9.5.3.2 High- Performance Liquid Chromatography 225 9.5.4 Nondestructive Analysis 225 9.5.4.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 225 9.5.4.2 Raman Spectroscopy 226 9.6 Conclusions 228 Acknowledgment 229 References 229 10 Advancements in Drone Applications for Water Quality Monitoring and the Need for Multispectral and Multi- Sensor Approaches 235 Joao L. E. Simon, Robert J. W. Brewin, Peter E. Land, and Jamie D. Shutler 10.1 Introduction 235 10.2 Airborne Drones for Environmental Remote Sensing 237 10.3 Drone Multispectral Remote Sensing 239 10.4 Integrating Multiple Complementary Sensor Strategies with a Single Drone 241 10.5 Conclusion 242 Acknowledgment 243 References 243 11 Sensors for Water Quality Assessment in Extreme Environmental Conditions 253 Priyanka Ganguly 11.1 Introduction 253 11.2 Physical Parameters 255 11.2.1 Electrical Conductivity 255 11.2.2 Temperature 258 11.2.3 Pressure 260 11.3 Chemical Parameters 262 11.3.1 pH 262 11.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen and Chemical Oxygen Demand 265 11.3.3 Inorganic Content 268 11.4 Biological Parameters 271 11.5 Sensing in Extreme Water Environments 273 11.6 Discussion and Outlook 276 11.7 Conclusion 278 References 278 Section IV Sensing Data Analysis and Internet of Things with a Case Study 283 12 Toward Real- Time Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks 285 Sohail Sarang, Goran M. Stojanović, and Stevan Stankovski 12.1 Introduction 285 12.2 Water Quality Monitoring Systems 286 12.2.1 Laboratory- Based WQM (LB- WQM) 286 12.2.2 Wireless Sensor Networks- Based WQM (WSNs- WQM) 287 12.2.2.1 Solar- Powered Water Quality Monitoring 289 12.2.2.2 Battery- Powered Water Quality Monitoring 291 12.3 The Use of Industry 4.0 Technologies for Real- Time WQM 296 12.4 Conclusion 297 References 298 13 An Internet of Things- Enabled System for Monitoring Multiple Water Quality Parameters 305 Fowzia Akhter, H. R. Siddiquei, Md. E. E. Alahi, and S. C. Mukhopadhyay 13.1 Introduction 305 13.2 Water Quality Parameters and Related Sensors 306 13.3 Design and Fabrication of the Proposed Sensor 310 13.3.1 Sensor’s Working Principle 312 13.4 Experimental Process 312 13.5 Autonomous System Development 313 13.5.1 Algorithm for Data Classification 315 13.6 Experimental Results 318 13.6.1 Sensor Characterization for Temperature, pH, Nitrate, Phosphate, Calcium, and Magnesium Measurement 319 13.6.2 Repeatability 323 13.6.3 Reproducibility 325 13.6.4 Real Sample Measurement and Validation 327 13.6.5 Data Collection 330 13.6.6 Power Consumption 330 13.7 Conclusion 333 Acknowledgment 333 References 333 Index 339

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Book SynopsisThis book introduces readers to new ways of thinking about how to look at social statistics, particularly those about people in places.Trade Review“One of the more enjoyable aspects of this book is that every section begins with an interesting quote from the literature, which adds up to 60+ quotes that readers may wish to consult for future reference. A final, light-hearted observation: each chapter is divided into exactly seven sections! In some cultures, this would be interpreted as an attempt to curry favor with fate. Readers will have to decide whether Dorling played a lucky hand in turning his doctoral dissertation into a book, two decades on.” (Journal of Regional Science, 1 October 2013)Table of ContentsList of figures xi List of text boxes xxi Preface xxiii Introduction: Human cartography xxxv 1 Envisioning information 1 1.1 Visual thinking 1 1.2 Pictures over time 4 1.3 Beyond illustration 11 1.4 Texture and colour 13 1.5 Perspective and detail 16 1.6 Pattern and illusion 20 1.7 From mind to mind 24 2 People, spaces and places 31 2.1 Which people? 31 2.2 Why study places? 34 2.3 What are spaces? 40 2.4 Drawing lines 41 2.5 Picturing points 50 2.6 Population space 52 2.7 Adding time 56 3 Artificial reality 59 3.1 Imagining reality 59 3.2 Abstract spaces 60 3.3 Area cartograms 66 3.4 The nature of space 69 3.5 Producing illusions 77 3.6 Population space 81 3.7 Stretching spacetime 85 4 Honeycomb structure 95 4.1 Viewing society 95 4.2 Who the people are 97 4.3 Disparate origins 106 4.4 Lost opportunities 109 4.5 Work, industry and home 114 4.6 How people vote 120 4.7 The social landscape 123 5 Transforming the mosaic 131 5.1 Still images of change 131 5.2 Forming the structure 132 5.3 Structure transformed 136 5.4 Variable employment 138 5.5 House price inflation 143 5.6 Reshaping votes 148 5.7 Erosion and deposition 159 6 Cobweb of flows 167 6.1 What flow is 167 6.2 What flows there are 168 6.3 Unravelling the tangles 171 6.4 Drawing the vortices 177 6.5 Commuting chaos 184 6.6 Migration networks 185 6.7 A space of flows 194 7 On the surface 199 7.1 2D vision, 3D world 199 7.2 Surface definition 202 7.3 Depth cues 209 7.4 Landscape painting 210 7.5 Surface geometry 213 7.6 Travel time surface 220 7.7 Surface value 222 8 The wood and the trees 225 8.1 Sculptured characters 225 8.2 Circles, pies and rings 227 8.3 Bars and pyramids 230 8.4 Flocks of arrows 237 8.5 Trees and castles 238 8.6 Crowds of faces 239 8.7 Information overload 243 9 Volume visualization 251 9.1 The third dimension 251 9.2 Spaces, times and places 252 9.3 Spacetime continuum 259 9.4 Three-dimensional graphs 262 9.5 Flows through time 275 9.6 Volume rendering 279 9.7 Interactive visualization 280 10 Conclusion: Another geography 283 Endnote 297 Acknowledgements 299 Appendix: Drawing faces 301 References 305 Author Index 317 Subject Index 321 Note. The original thesis from which this book was derived had a further six appendices and a larger bibliography. Some can be found at www.dannydorling.org. Appendix A: Circular Cartogram Algorithm Appendix B: Parliamentary Constituencies 1955–1987 Continuity Appendix C: Parliamentary Constituencies 1955–1987 Results Appendix D: Average Housing Price by Constituency 1983–1989 Appendix E: Scottish Ward to Postcode Sector Look-up Table Appendix F: Local Government Wards, 1981 and 1987

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Book SynopsisThe goal of How to Make Maps is to equip readers with the foundational knowledge of concepts they need to conceive, design, and produce maps in a legible, clear, and coherent manner, drawing from both classical and modern theory in cartography.This book is appropriate for graduate and undergraduate students who are beginning a course of study in geospatial sciences or who wish to begin producing their own maps. While the book assumes no a priori knowledge or experience with geospatial software, it may also serve GIS analysts and technicians who wish to explore the principles of cartographic design.The first part of the book explores the key decisions behind every map, with the aim of providing the reader with a solid foundation in fundamental cartography concepts. Chapters 1 through 3 review foundational mapping concepts and some of the decisions that are a part of every map. This is followed by a discussion of the guiding principles of cartographic dTable of Contents1. Introduction 2. Mapping concepts 3. The language of maps 4. Cartographic design 5. Coordinate systems and projections 6. Text and typography 7. Color in cartography 8. 3D, animated, and web cartography 9. Scholarly research in cartography 10. Data in mapping 11. GIS and graphics software 12. Examples from the field Appendix 1: Map gallery, “Maps from the wild” Appendix 2: Sources of spatial data Appendix 3: Eleven guidelines for constructing and critiquing maps Appendix 4: Professional cartography societies Glossary

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Book SynopsisFundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing: An Environmental Approach, Third Edition, is a definitive guide to remote sensing systems that focuses on satellite-based remote sensing tools and methods for space-based Earth observation (EO). It presents the advantages of using remote sensing data for studying and monitoring the planet, and emphasizes concepts that make the best use of satellite data. The book begins with an introduction to the basic processes that ensure the acquisition of space-borne imagery, and provides an overview of the main satellite observation systems. It then describes visual and digital image analysis, highlights various interpretation techniques, and outlines their applications to science and management. The latter part of the book covers the integration of remote sensing with Geographic Information System (GIS) for environmental analysis. This latest edition has been written to reflect a global audience and covers the most recent advances incorporateTable of ContentsIntroduction. Physical Principles of Remote Sensing. Sensors and Remote Sensing Satellites. Basis for Analyzing EO Satellite Images. Visual Interpretation. Digital image processing (I): From Raw to Corrected Data. Digital image processing (II): Generation of Derived Variables. Validation. Earth Observation and Geographic Information Systems. References. Appendices

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Book SynopsisAdvanced imaging spectral technology and hyperspectral analysis techniques for multiple applications are the key features of the book. This book will present in one volume complete solutions from concepts, fundamentals, and methods of acquisition of hyperspectral data to analyses and applications of the data in a very coherent manner. It will help readers to fully understand basic theories of HRS, how to utilize various field spectrometers and bioinstruments, the importance of radiometric correction and atmospheric correction, the use of analysis, tools and software, and determine what to do with HRS technology and data. Trade Review"Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Practices is an excellent resource for both research and classroom needs. Concepts and applications are presented clearly and in a user-friendly fashion. The book is an innovative tool for environmental science practitioners interested in getting up-to-date on remote sensing techniques. The hyperspectral sections, especially, provide excellent content both in theory and applications. This is and will be a wonderful resource for the current generation of remote sensing scientists and students." — Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, University of Alberta, Canada"This masterful book provides a comprehensive and much-needed overview of hyperspectral remote sensing and imaging spectroscopy. Covering all aspects of the field, including characteristics of field, aerial and satellite borne sensors, the pre-processing and analysis of hyperspectral data, available software packages, and a wide array of applications, this book will be the key reference for students and those working in the field. The engaging style, detailed theoretical background, and numerous practical insights offer an unparalleled treatment of the subject." — Timothy Warner, West Virginia University, USA"The quantitative retrieval of biophysical properties of the earth’s surface from remote sensing has become a reality over the past twenty years, largely because of the synergistic development of hyperspectral sensors and detailed physical models of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation for a range of earth surface classes. Implicit in these successes is an in-depth understanding of the corrections to be applied to the sensor data and the specific analysis approaches for each surface type, suited to the available spectral detail. Ruiliang Pu’s comprehensive and timely book reflects the author’s intimate experience with all aspects of hyperspectral remote sensing, including applications --- an invaluable work for students and professionals alike!"—John R. Miller, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"This book provides a comprehensive and timely overview on all aspects of hyperspectral remote sensing combined with various applications. As such, it is an excellent book of reference for both students and professionals active in the field of optical remote sensing. It deals with all aspects of retrieving quantitative information on biophysical properties of the Earth’s surface, the data corrections needed and the range of analysis approaches available." —International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, January 2018"Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Practices book is likely to prove valuable to upperclassmen, graduate students, and practitioners. It covers the field in depth and draws heavily on extensive literature."—Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, September 2018"Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Practices is an excellent resource for both research and classroom needs. Concepts and applications are presented clearly and in a user-friendly fashion. The book is an innovative tool for environmental science practitioners interested in getting up-to-date on remote sensing techniques. The hyperspectral sections, especially, provide excellent content both in theory and applications. This is and will be a wonderful resource for the current generation of remote sensing scientists and students." — Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa, University of Alberta, Canada"This masterful book provides a comprehensive and much-needed overview of hyperspectral remote sensing and imaging spectroscopy. Covering all aspects of the field, including characteristics of field, aerial and satellite borne sensors, the pre-processing and analysis of hyperspectral data, available software packages, and a wide array of applications, this book will be the key reference for students and those working in the field. The engaging style, detailed theoretical background, and numerous practical insights offer an unparalleled treatment of the subject." — Timothy Warner, West Virginia University, USA"The quantitative retrieval of biophysical properties of the earth’s surface from remote sensing has become a reality over the past twenty years, largely because of the synergistic development of hyperspectral sensors and detailed physical models of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation for a range of earth surface classes. Implicit in these successes is an in-depth understanding of the corrections to be applied to the sensor data and the specific analysis approaches for each surface type, suited to the available spectral detail. Ruiliang Pu’s comprehensive and timely book reflects the author’s intimate experience with all aspects of hyperspectral remote sensing, including applications --- an invaluable work for students and professionals alike!"—John R. Miller, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"This book provides a comprehensive and timely overview on all aspects of hyperspectral remote sensing combined with various applications. As such, it is an excellent book of reference for both students and professionals active in the field of optical remote sensing. It deals with all aspects of retrieving quantitative information on biophysical properties of the Earth’s surface, the data corrections needed and the range of analysis approaches available." —International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, January 2018"Hyperspectral Remote Sensing: Fundamentals and Practices book is likely to prove valuable to upperclassmen, graduate students, and practitioners. It covers the field in depth and draws heavily on extensive literature."—Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, September 2018Table of ContentsOverview of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing. Field Spectrometers and Plant Biology Instruments for HRS. Imaging Spectrometers, Sensors, Systems, and Missions. Hyperspectral Image Radiometric Correction. Hyperspectral Data Analysis Techniques. Hyperspectral Data Processing Software. Hyperspectral Applications in Geology and Soil Sciences. Hyperspectral Applications to Vegetation. Hyperspectral Applications to Environments.

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Book SynopsisThe Routledge Companion to Spatial History explores the full range of ways in which GIS can be used to study the past, considering key questions such as what types of new knowledge can be developed solely as a consequence of using GIS and how effective GIS can be for different types of research. Global in scope and covering a broad range of subjects, the chapters in this volume discuss ways of turning sources into a GIS database, methods of analysing these databases, methods of visualising the results of the analyses, and approaches to interpreting analyses and visualisations. Chapter authors draw from a diverse collection of case studies from around the world, covering topics from state power in imperial China to the urban property market in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro, health and society in twentieth-century Britain and the demographic impact of the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915. Critically evaluating both the strengths and limitations oTrade Review"This wide-ranging, insightful and richly-illustrated volume provides a wealth of practical case studies elucidating the potential of GIS to enrich our understanding of the past, as well as incisive critical examination of its implications for and impact on historical scholarship. It will be invaluable for everyone interested in the use of new digital technologies and methods in historical research."Nick Baron, University of Nottingham, UK"From the leading scholars in the use of historical GIS methods, these valuable essays give us a clear sense of the possibilities and challenges of spatial history. This is a groundbreaking edited volume that will inspire, guide, and teach anyone considering spatial history approaches in their own work."William G. Thomas III, University of Nebraska, USA"This wide-ranging, insightful and richly-illustrated volume provides a wealth of practical case studies elucidating the potential of GIS to enrich our understanding of the past, as well as incisive critical examination of its implications for and impact on historical scholarship. It will be invaluable for everyone interested in the use of new digital technologies and methods in historical research."Nick Baron, University of Nottingham, UK"From the leading scholars in the use of historical GIS methods, these valuable essays give us a clear sense of the possibilities and challenges of spatial history. This is a groundbreaking edited volume that will inspire, guide, and teach anyone considering spatial history approaches in their own work."William G. Thomas III, University of Nebraska, USATable of ContentsIntroduction Part I: Population and demography Part II: Urban Part III: Economics Part IV: Rural and Environment Part V: Health Part VI: Social Dynamics Part VII: Political Dimensions Part VIII: The Emergence of Digital Humanities Conclusion

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Book Synopsis* Takes readers step--by--step through the key stages of a GPS fieldwork project. * Explains complex background topics in clear, easy--to--understand language. * Provides simple guidelines for GPS equipment selection. * Provides practical solutions for real GPS data collection issues.Trade Review"An invaluable resource for social, economic or health researchers and practitioners who want to add a geographic component to their work." (Uwe Deichmann, Development Research Group, World Bank) "This information will help users collect data at an appropriate level of accuracy in the most effcient manner. This nuts-and-bolts approach addresses such topics as training field-workers; creating equipment checklists; logistics; and safety in the field." (ArcUser, October - December 2004) "An excellent introduction and field guide on GPS for the social sciences ... The book makes a valuable addition to any reference collection on geographical research." (Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography)Table of ContentsList of Figures. List of Tables. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction. Part I: Understanding GPS. 2. Why Use GPS?. 3. What Is GPS?. 4. Coordinate Systems And Datums. 5. GPS Considerations: Getting Started. Part II: Utilizing GPS. 6. Developing A GPS Project. 7. Project Fundamentals. 8. Fieldwork Planning And Preparations: Data And Methods. 9. Fieldwork Planning And Preparations: Field Resources. 10. Fieldwork Planning And Preparations: Data Quality And Logistics. 11. Transitioning To Fieldwork. 12. Post-Fieldwork Processing. 13. Utilizing GPS Data Within Geographic Information Systems. 14. Conclusion. References Cited. Appendix A: GPS Manufacturers. Appendix B: Sample Field Instrument. Appendix C: UTM Zones. Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book provides the reader a broad grounding in the science of Earth Observation (EO) of our changing planet. It contains a comprehensive sequenced discussion covering the significant themes of global change, their cause, and how they can be monitored through time.Trade Review"...the book provides a useful text and reference source for information on remote sensing of the Earth's surface for the study of global environmental change...the book's strengths include the comprehensive material presented in the chapters on remote sensing of the land, oceans and coastal regions, which are areas of expertise for the authors. For this reason alone it is a valuable addition to the bookshelf of any student of remote sensing." (Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, June 2013) “An exciting and informative book to read and a pleasure to review, this work constitutes a generalist’s dream. . . By that virtue, this book should also appeal to the informed public at large.” (Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 1 October 2012) "A comprehensive and accessible introduction to remote-sensing applications within the area of global environmental monitoring and should represent a welcome addition to the bookshelves of many university libraries, for undergraduate and postgraduate students, and non-specialists with an interest in applying remotely sensed data." (Rachel Gaulton, January 2013, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34:2, 751-752) "This is an extremely valuable bock for educators and students alike, serving as a quick, high level, and accurate reference source for the basics, while offering current and solid examples of applications and results." (Demetrio Zourarakis, Photogrammatic Engineering & Remote Sensing, October 2012) “I would recommend this book to those unfamiliar with remote-sensing methods and applications and to others who want to see how these techniques can be applied to global environmental change.” (The Leading Edge, 1 May 2012) "I highly recommend the well explained and invaluable reference book Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change by Samuel J. Purkis and Victor V. Klemas, to any students, professionals, and policy makers who are seeking a comprehensive and well presented approach to the application of remote sensing technology to global environmental change. This book will enhance and enrich your understanding of remote sensing, and of its accompanying technologies and environmental applications." (Blog Business World, 22 October 2011)Table of ContentsPreface. Acknowledgements. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Key concepts. 2 Remote sensing basics. 2.1 Electromagnetic waves. 2.2 The electromagnetic spectrum. 2.3 Reflectance and radiance. 2.4 Atmospheric effects. 2.5 Multispectral feature recognition. 2.6 Resolution requirements. 2.7 Key concepts. 3 Remote sensors and systems. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Remote sensors. 3.2.1 Multispectral satellite sensors. 3.2.2 Digital aerial cameras. 3.2.3 Thermal infrared sensors. 3.2.4 Radar and microwave radiometers. 3.2.5 Laser profilers. 3.3 Remote sensing platforms. 3.3.1 Airborne platforms. 3.3.2 Medium-resolution satellites. 3.3.3 High-resolution satellites. 3.3.4 Global observation satellites. 3.4 The NASA Earth observing system. 3.5 Global Earth observation systems. 3.5.1 Global Climate Observing System. 3.5.2 Global Earth Observation System of Systems. 3.5.3 Integrated Ocean Observing System. 3.6 Existing image archives. 3.7 Key concepts. 4 Digital image analysis. 4.1 Image data format. 4.2 Image pre-processing. 4.3 Image enhancement and interpretation. 4.4 Image classification. 4.5 Image band selection. 4.6 Error assessment. 4.7 Time-series analysis and change detection. 4.8 Field sampling using GPS. 4.9 Use of Geographic Information Systems. 4.10 Key concepts. 5 Monitoring changes in global vegetation cover. 5.1 EM spectrum of vegetation. 5.2 Vegetation indices. 5.3 Biophysical properties and processes of vegetation. 5.4 Classification systems. 5.5 Global vegetation and land cover mapping programmes. 5.5.1 NASA Pathfinder global monitoring project. 5.5.2 International geosphere-biosphere program. 5.5.3 Application of new satellites and radar. 5.6 Remote sensing of vegetation as a monitor for global change. CASE STUDY: Desertification in the African Sahel. CASE STUDY: Deforestation of Amazonia. 5.7 Remote sensing of wetlands change. 5.8 Fire detection. 5.9 Key concepts. 6 Remote sensing of urban environments. 6.1 Urbanization. 6.2 Urban remote sensing. 6.2.1 Three-dimensional urban model generation. 6.2.2 Stereo imaging. 6.2.3 LiDAR. 6.2.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). 6.3 Microwave sensing of subsidence. 6.4 Textural metrics. 6.5 Monitoring city growth. 6.6 Assessing the ecology of cities. 6.7 Urban climatology. 6.8 Air quality and air pollution. 6.9 Climate change as a threat to urbanization. 6.10 Key concepts. 7 Surface and ground water resources. 7.1 Remote sensing of inland water quality. 7.2 Remote sensing sediment load and pollution of inland waters. 7.3 Remote sensing non-coastal flooding. 7.4 Bathymetry of inland waters. 7.5 Mapping watersheds at the regional scale. 7.6 Remote sensing of land surface moisture. 7.7 Remote sensing of groundwater. 7.8 Key concepts. 8 Coral reefs, carbon and climate. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 The status of the world's reefs. 8.3 Remote sensing of coral reefs. 8.4 Light, corals and water. 8.4.1 Light and the water surface. 8.4.2 Light and the water body. 8.4.3 Reflectance models for optically shallow waters. 8.4.4 Reflectance signatures of reef substrata. 8.5 Passive optical sensing. 8.6 Sensor-down versus reef-up sensing. 8.7 Spectral unmixing. 8.8 Image-derived bathymetry. 8.9 LiDAR. 8.10 Sonar. 8.11 Sub-bottom acoustic profiling. 8.12 Radar applications. 8.13 Class assemblages and the minimum mapping unit. 8.14 Change detection. 8.15 Key concepts. 9 Coastal impact of storm surges and sea level rise. 9.1 Predicting and monitoring coastal flooding. 9.2 Coastal currents and waves. 9.3 Mapping beach topography. 9.4 LiDAR bathymetry. CASE STUDY: LiDAR application to modelling sea level rise at the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge. 9.5 Key concepts. 10 Observing the oceans. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Ocean colour, chlorophyll and productivity. 10.3 Hazardous algal blooms and other pollutants. 10.4 Sea surface temperature. CASE STUDY: Upwelling and El Niño. 10.5 Ocean salinity. 10.6 Physical ocean features. 10.6.1 Sea surface elevation and ocean currents. 10.6.2 Sea surface winds. 10.6.3 Ocean waves. 10.6.4 Oil slicks and other surface features. 10.7 Ocean observing systems. 10.8 Marine GIS. 10.9 Key concepts. 11 Monitoring Earth's atmosphere. 11.1 The status of Earth's atmosphere. 11.2 Atmospheric remote sensing. 11.3 The 'A- Train' satellite constellation. 11.3.1 Dancing on the A- Train. 11.4 Remote sensing atmospheric temperature. 11.5 Atmospheric remote sensing of ozone. 11.6 Atmospheric remote sensing of carbon dioxide. 11.7 Remote sensing atmospheric dust. CASE STUDY: Spaceborne monitoring of African dust events. 11.8 Clouds. 11.9 Forecasting Earth's atmosphere. 11.10 Atmospheric models and reality. 11.11 Hurricanes. CASE STUDY: Hurricane Katrina. 11.12 Key concepts. 12 Observing the cryosphere. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 The history and status of the polar ice sheets. 12.3 Ice and sea level. 12.4 Ice and climate. 12.5 Present ice loss in context. 12.6 Remote sensing of the Earth's ice sheets. 12.6.1 Passive optical and thermal remote sensing. 12.6.2 Passive microwave remote sensing. 12.6.3 Active microwave remote sensing. 12.6.4 Active optical remote sensing – ICESat. 12.7 Ice sheet mass balance. CASE STUDY: Disintegration of the Larsen and Wilkins ice shelves. 12.8 Remote sensing permafrost. 12.9 Key concepts. 13 Effective communication of global change information using remote sensing. 13.1 Global environmental change as an interdisciplinary issue. 13.2 Effective communication through accessibility of data. 14 Looking ahead: future developments. 14.1 Emerging technologies. 14.1.1 Fusion in remote sensing. 14.1.2 Hyper-spatial satellites. 14.1.3 Hyperspectral hyper-spatial satellites. 14.2 The near future. 14.3 The more distant future. 14.4 Advanced image analysis techniques. 14.5 Looking ahead at a changing Earth. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe iPhone and iPad allow user positioning via multiple methods, including GPS. This book walks you through the basic tools you need to build geo-aware applications before diving into the available third-party geo-SDKs available for the iOS platform.

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Book SynopsisThis accessible text prepares students to understand and work with geographic information systems (GIS), offering a detailed introduction to essential theories, concepts, and skills. The book is organized in four modular parts that can be used in any sequence in entry-level and more specialized courses. Basic cartographic principles are integrated with up-to-date discussions of GIS technologies and applications. Coverage includes everything from what geographic information is to its many uses and societal implications. Practical examples and exercises invite readers to explore the choices involved in producing reliable maps and other forms of geographic information. Illustrations include 170 figures (with 15 in color). The companion website provides links to Web resources for each chapter, plus downloadable PowerPoint slides of most of the figures. New to This Edition *Chapter on online mapping and Big Data. *New and updated discussions of remote sensing, vector and Trade Review"Harvey provides a unique resource that blends presentation of geographic information concepts, cartography principles, and GIS technology application. The well-developed linkages between geographic information and cartography are particularly valuable. All levels of readers will rediscover the importance of appropriate mapping technique in GIS practice, whether in the desktop, Web, or mobile environment. The second edition has been thoroughly updated and includes new material on Web applications and Big Data issues. While the contents are organized to provide a comprehensive overview of GIS, individual sections and chapters can also be flexibly used as stand-alone modules."--Jeff Hamerlinck, PhD, Director, Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center, University of Wyoming "A well-written text that introduces the fundamentals of spatial geographic information. The coverage is broad and up to date, and the concepts are well explained. I like the pedagogical features--the end-of-chapter review questions with answers will help students understand the concepts and methods discussed in lectures, and the end-of-chapter exercises and extended exercises will further strengthen students’ understanding of course materials."--Jun Liang, PhD, Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill "The writing style is authoritative yet genial, and doesn't overwhelm the reader, as other texts on this topic may do. For example, the author invites the reader to look out the window and then view a map of the same area, a simple exercise that makes the experience of reading personal, immediate, and interactive. The discussion of map projections and geoid, ellipsoid, and spheroid models is robust; this is an underlying concept of GIS, and one of the most difficult for students to comprehend, so it is important to give it such focused attention."--Karen E. Blevins, MA, Geography Program, Mesa Community College "An invaluable resource for a broad range of students and instructors. The text puts human communication about the environment before GIS commands and file formats. The engaging, conversational style provides easy access to rich insights on how maps and geographic information are used to answer important questions. The text covers a wide range of issues pertaining to mapping in the digital age, from measurement to decision making. It will make the reader curious to dig deeper into the many human, technical, and organizational aspects discussed. Harvey's emphasis on choices to make in communicating about the environment fosters dearly needed critical thinking about geographic representations and computations."--Werner Kuhn, PhD, Jack and Laura Dangermond Chair, Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara "A great introduction to cartographic analysis and GIS. Harvey covers a broad range of information that will appeal to many students and professionals with different specializations in geography. The text encourages the reader to think critically about the implications of using GIS and the future of the field. The material is up to date and includes helpful hands-on examples and exercises. I was happy to see the new chapter on online mapping, which covers very current topics, such as Big Data. I also like the detailed description of geocoding and the revamped discussion of privacy and surveillance. This is an enjoyable text to read, and one that I will definitely recommend."--Holly M. Widen, PhD candidate, Department of Geography, Florida State University "This solid introductory text presents fundamental concepts in an easy and accessible manner that brings complicated content to life. The sequencing of the book makes it possible for instructors to switch the chapters around. It provides an essential framework that allows me the flexibility to fill in additional details that I want my students to have on a particular topic. At the same time, I feel confident that students who read only this book would have a solid understanding of the central concepts of GIS."--Timothy LeDoux, PhD, Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Westfield State University "A substantive introduction to our rapidly expanding field. The second edition includes a new overview of GIS that is chock full of teachable applications from across the industry; new and updated figures; and a section focused on Web GIS, big data, and online mapping. Harvey conducts a broad-brush tour across the constellation of geotechnologies that have been swept into the realm of GIS, such as global navigation satellite systems and remote sensing. This text will serve well for students and professionals who are starting out fresh or entering the field from another discipline."--Patrick McHaffie, PhD, Department of Geography, DePaul University -Harvey…packs a tremendous amount of information into a single volume. It is arranged with a textbook presentation, including discussion questions and exercises. This could have become a simple taxonomy, but Harvey presents the key issues in clear language. Mapping sciences have evolved rapidly in recent years; this book reflects the transition from cartography to geographic information use….This is an excellent option for instructors building an introductory lecture/lab course who need a primary text….Recommended. Lower-division undergraduates.--Choice Reviews, 10/1/2016ƒƒAn important contribution....Provides the beginner as well as the more advanced GIS user with the knowledge to bridge the gap between the conceptual and the practical in GIS....The concepts, principles, issues, and applications covered in the book are important to all aspects of GIS-related planning issues in all parts of the world, and most students, teachers, and practitioners will gain valuable insight from this book, particularly those without a background in GIS or geography. (on the first edition)--International Planning Studies, 2/1/2010Table of ContentsI. Your World and Geographic Information Technology 1. Goals of Cartography and GI: Representation and Communication 2. Choices in How We Make Representations 3. GI and Cartography Issues 4. The Many Uses of GIS with Case Examples 5. Projections II. The Functions and Methods of GIS 6. Locational and Coordinate Systems 7. Databases, Cartography, and Geographic Information 8. Surveying, GPS, Digitization 9. Remote Sensing 10. Locations and Fields: Discrete and Nondiscrete Geographic Information III. Techniques and Practices 11. Cartographic Representation 12. Map Cultures, Misuses, and GI 13. Administration of Spaces 14. Online Mapping and Geocoded Worlds IV. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Analysis: Understanding the World 15. GI Analysis and GIS 16. Geospatial Statistics 17. Considering the Past and Future of GIS

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Book SynopsisA balanced review of differing approaches based on remote sensing tools and methods to assess and monitor biodiversity, carbon and water cycles, and the energy balance of terrestrial ecosystem. Earth Observation of Ecosystem Services highlights the advantages Earth observation technologies offer for quantifying and monitoring multiple ecosystem functions and services. It provides a multidisciplinary reference that expressly covers the use of remote sensing for quantifying and monitoring multiple ecosystem services. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible ecosystem services, this book takes a global look at the most relevant remote sensing approaches to estimate key ecosystem services from satellite data. Structured in four main sections, it covers carbon cycle, biodiversity, water cycle, and energy balance. Each section contains a review of conceptual and empirical methods, techniques, and case studies linking remotely sensed data to the biophysical variables and eTrade Review"… a valuable compendium of information… should serve as an impetus driving greater awareness of remote sensing technologies and their adoption in ecosystem service assessments."—African Journal of Range & Forage Science 2015, 32(1)"Monitoring and mapping ecosystem services is critical to their effective management. This book covers the latest remote sensing techniques for doing that. A must read for anyone concerned with ecosystem services."—Robert Costanza, The Australian National University"… a broad and valuable introduction to the use of remotely sensed data sets in assessing and monitoring key ecosystem services. … relevant to students and researchers interested in using earth observations in advancing their methods of inquiry. The subject matter is impressive, ranging from the carbon cycle to urban heat island effects. As humankind brings increasingly greater pressure to bear on natural systems, an improved understanding of their function in the context of change is critical. … an important contribution in explaining the utility of remotely sensed data in meeting this challenge."—Matthew C. Hansen, University of Maryland"… synthesizes the state of the art of how remote sensing can contribute to get the pulse of the planet, specifically on how our ecosystems are changing and what key benefits they provide to societies. … Timely, systematic, reliable, and easily accessible information on the flow of services to society from ecosystems is urgently needed: this book contributes one great leap forward. A massive effort from all nations will be needed to achieve full implementation of the suggested approach."—Patricia Balvanera, Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México"… offers a great overview of how earth observation systems are being used, can be used in the near future and what the caveats and pitfalls are at present. … It is one of the objectives of GEO BON to provide this overview and develop capacity building programmes for the whole community. This book is a good step into that direction."—Rob H.G. Jongman, Alterra, Wageningen UR, Steering Committee GEO BON"… a valuable compendium of information… should serve as an impetus driving greater awareness of remote sensing technologies and their adoption in ecosystem service assessments."—African Journal of Range & Forage Science 2015, 32(1)"Monitoring and mapping ecosystem services is critical to their effective management. This book covers the latest remote sensing techniques for doing that. A must read for anyone concerned with ecosystem services."—Robert Costanza, The Australian National University"… a broad and valuable introduction to the use of remotely sensed data sets in assessing and monitoring key ecosystem services. … relevant to students and researchers interested in using earth observations in advancing their methods of inquiry. The subject matter is impressive, ranging from the carbon cycle to urban heat island effects. As humankind brings increasingly greater pressure to bear on natural systems, an improved understanding of their function in the context of change is critical. … an important contribution in explaining the utility of remotely sensed data in meeting this challenge."—Matthew C. Hansen, University of Maryland"… synthesizes the state of the art of how remote sensing can contribute to get the pulse of the planet, specifically on how our ecosystems are changing and what key benefits they provide to societies. … Timely, systematic, reliable, and easily accessible information on the flow of services to society from ecosystems is urgently needed: this book contributes one great leap forward. A massive effort from all nations will be needed to achieve full implementation of the suggested approach."—Patricia Balvanera, Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México"… offers a great overview of how earth observation systems are being used, can be used in the near future and what the caveats and pitfalls are at present. … It is one of the objectives of GEO BON to provide this overview and develop capacity building programmes for the whole community. This book is a good step into that direction."—Rob H.G. Jongman, Alterra, Wageningen UR, Steering Committee GEO BONTable of ContentsIntroduction. Ecosystem Services Related to Biodiversity Conservation. Ecosystem Services Related to the Carbon Cycle. Ecosystem Services Related to the Water Cycle. Ecosystem Services Related to the Land-Surface Energy Balance. Challenges and Conclusions.

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Book SynopsisOutdoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services have become indispensable in people''s mobility in unfamiliar environments. Advances in key technologies (e.g., positioning and mobile devices), has spurred interest in research and development of indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services in recent years. Indoor Wayfinding and Navigation provides both breadth and depth of knowledge in designing and building indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services. It covers the types of sensors both feasible and practical for localization of users inside buildings.The book discusses current approaches, techniques, and technologies for addressing issues in indoor wayfinding and navigation systems and services. It includes coverage of the cognitive, positioning, mapping, and application perspectives, an unusual but useful combination of information. This mix of different perspectives helps you better understand the issues and challenges of building indoor waTrade Review"This book is a timely addition to the resources available to researchers and practitioners in the area. This edited collection of 11 chapters, written by area experts, explores different facets of the indoor wayfinding and navigation problem, such as cognitive factors, positioning and mapping, applications of these technologies, and privacy of individuals. This book is relevant for researchers, students, and practitioners in the area. Each chapter ends with related references, which will help readers dig deeper into the subject."—Satyajayant Misra, IEEE Wireless Communications, December 2015Table of ContentsA-GPS Positioning. WiFi Positioning. RFID. Integrated sensors. Map Data Content and Sources. Routing and Directions. Architectures. Indoor Wayfinding and Navigation on Smartphones. Indoor Wayfinding and Navigation for Blind and Visually Impaired Users. Indoor Wayfinding and Navigation for Wheelchair Users. Navigation Assistance Through Social Media.

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Book SynopsisRemote sensing has witnessed a renaissance as new sensor systems, data collection capabilities and image processing methodologies have expanded the technological capabilities of this science into new and important applications areas. Perhaps nowhere has this trend been more evident than in the study of earth environments. Within this broad application area remote sensing has proven to be an invaluable asset supporting timely data gathering at a range of synoptic scales, facilitating the mapping of complex landscapes and promoting the analysis of environmental process. Yet remote sensing''s contribution to the study of human/environmental interaction is scattered throughout a rich and diverse literature spanning the social and physical sciences, which frustrates access to, and the sharing of the knowledge gained through, these recent advances, and inhibits the operational use of these methods and techniques in day to day environmental practice, a recognized gap that reduces the effecTable of ContentsThe Earth Observation Perspective.- Environmental Sensing.- Sensors and Systems.- Fundamentals of Image Processing.- Sensing Uncertainty.- Environmental Characterization.- Environmental Monitoring and Change Detection.- Thermal Sensing and Anomaly Detection.- Hyper-spectral Sensing.- Hyper-spectral Classification.- Object-based Analysis.- Forensic Remote Sensing.- Integrative Sensing.- Index.

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Book SynopsisOffers a practical state-of-the-field overview of big data as both a means and an object of research, with essays from prominent and emerging scholars. Part 1 explores how the advent of geoweb technologies and big data sets has influenced some of geography's major subdisciplines. Part 2 addresses how the geographic study of big data has implications for other disciplinary fields.Trade Review"In recent years, big data has been frequently touted as the new reality in research, business, and nearly everything else. This work examines the promise and realities of big data specifically as it relates to geographically referenced information."—J. Cummings, Choice“The drumbeat of ‘big data’ is reorganizing everyday life, for some. This important collection takes the pulse of this hype from the perspective of the discipline of geography, pursuing questions that highlight the peculiarities of this location-based, techno-cultural moment.”—Matthew W. Wilson, associate professor of geography at the University of Kentucky “This collection is a key step along the road from hyperbole to engagement with regard to the significance and impacts of big spatial data. It offers key insights into big spatial data as both means and object of researcher, tracing the socio-spatial and epistemological possibilities and limits of this dynamic phenomenon.”—Sarah Elwood, professor of geography at the University of Washington “Thinking Big Data in Geography delivers vital theoretical and empirical perspectives on the problems and possibilities of spatialized data in both extraordinary circumstances and everyday life.”—Craig Dalton, assistant professor of global studies and geography at Hofstra UniversityTable of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Tables Introduction Jim Thatcher, Andrew Shears, and Josef Eckert Part 1. What Is Big Data and What Does It Mean to Study It? 1. Toward Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and Their Work Rob Kitchin and Tracey P. Lauriault 2. Big Data: Why (Oh Why?) This Computational Social Science? David O’Sullivan Part 2. Methods and Praxis in Big Data Research 3. Smaller and Slower Data in an Era of Big Data Renee Sieber and Matthew Tenney 4. Reflexivity, Positionality, and Rigor in the Context of Big Data Research Britta Ricker Part 3. Empirical Interventions 5. A Hybrid Approach to Geotweets: Reading and Mapping Tweet Contexts on Marijuana Legalization and Same-Sex Marriage in Seattle, Washington Jin-Kyu Jung and Jungyeop Shin 6. Geosocial Footprints and Geoprivacy Concerns Christopher D. Weidemann, Jennifer N. Swift, and Karen K. Kemp 7. Foursquare in the City of Fountains: Using Kansas City as a Case Study for Combining Demographic and Social Media Data Emily Fekete Part 4. Urban Big Data: Urban-Centric and Uneven 8. Big City, Big Data: Four Vignettes Jessa Lingel 9. Framing Digital Exclusion in Technologically Mediated Urban Spaces Matthew Kelley Part 5. Talking across Borders 10. Bringing the Big Data of Climate Change Down to Human Scale: Citizen Sensors and Personalized Visualizations in Climate Communication David Retchless 11. Synergizing Geoweb and Digital Humanitarian Research Ryan Burns Part 6. Conclusions 12. Rethinking the Geoweb and Big Data: Future Research Directions Mark Graham Bibliography List of Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisBy synthesizing scholarly work at the intersection of political ecology, digital geography, and science and technology studies, The Nature of Data analyzes how new digital technologies affect environments and their control.Trade Review"This book is a necessary piece to lay the groundwork for a political ecology of data and urge more research in this direction. . . . A welcome integration of digital social sciences, political ecology, critical GIS, and science and technology studies, and as such which will be of interest to scholars across these fields, but also to conservation practitioners. This collection of essays might also be useful as a methodological text for advanced graduate students."—Anne-Lise Boyer, H-Environment"Thanks to insights from ecomedia studies, environmental humanists are increasingly studying how the environment becomes digital and the digital becomes environmental. The Nature of Data ably contributes to this research."—Heather Houser, ISLE“Data may not grow on trees, but it increasingly shapes how humans know, govern, and struggle over forests—and indeed, much of the nonhuman world. The Nature of Data captures this moment empirically while advancing political ecology conceptually. An altogether stellar volume.”—Susanne Freidberg, author of Fresh: A Perishable History“In accelerating ways, environmental politics are data politics. This powerful book shows what this looks like in different settings and at different scales, persuasively calling for a new subfield focused on the political ecology of data. Extending from prior work on the delimitations and politics of environmental science, the collection draws out what environmental data can help us see, what it cuts out, and how environmental data production itself is both polluting and weighted by commercial interests.”—Kim Fortun, author of Advocacy after Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster, New Global Orders“This is an original, diverse, and scintillating collection. Researchers working on political ecology of conservation and conservation social science have not taken challenges of data justice or the political economy of data production seriously enough. We must—and this book shows us how and why.”—Dan Brockington, author of Celebrity Advocacy and International Development“As environments are reverse engineered to match the spreadsheets and management platforms in which they are tallied, the environmental politics of data control, organization, and proliferation will hugely influence ecologies and politics going forward. By putting that insight front and center, Goldstein and Nost assemble a sweeping set of essays that gaze into the sometimes-disturbing future of the planet.”—Paul Robbins, author of Political Ecology: A Critical Introduction“This volume contributes to the growing discourses around political ecological work on data and the infrastructures that sustain, produce, and exchange them. The volume is startling in both its depth and breadth of engagement with timely and important topics; it marks a significant contribution to a growing field.”—Jim Thatcher, author of Thinking Big Data in Geography: New Regimes, New Research“Throughout, the reader is plunged into the complexities of digital systems, the environments they monitor and conserve, and the limits to their governance and oversight across a variety of places and scales and sovereignties. What emerges is resolutely not an endorsement of further digitalization of nature but a recognition that digitalization is perhaps yet another set of processes in which nature is actively produced.”—Matthew W. Wilson, author of New Lines: Critical GIS and the Trouble of the MapTable of ContentsList of Illustrations List of Tables Introduction: Infrastructuring Environmental Data Jenny Goldstein and Eric Nost Part 1. Sensors, Servers, and Structures 1. Data’s Metropolis: The Physical Footprints of Data Circulation and Modern Finance Graham Pickren 2. An Emerging Satellite Ecosystem and the Changing Political Economy of Remote Sensing Luis F. Alvarez León 3. Smart Earth: Environmental Governance in a Wired World Karen Bakker and Max Ritts 4. Data, Colonialism, and the Transformation of Nature in the Pacific Northwest Anthony Levenda and Zbigniew Grabowski Part 2. Civic Science and Community-Driven Data 5. Environmental Sensing Infrastructures and Just Good Enough Data Jennifer Gabrys and Helen Pritchard 6. Collaborative Modeling as Sociotechnical Data Infrastructure in Rural Zimbabwe M. V. Eitzel, Jon Solera, K. B. Wilson, Abraham Mawere Ndlovu, Emmanuel Mhike Hove, Daniel Ndlovu, Abraham Changarara, Alice Ndlovu, Kleber Neves, Adnomore Chirindira, Oluwasola E. Omoju, Aaron C. Fisher, and André Veski 7. Citizen Scientists and Conservation in the Anthropocene: From Monitoring to Making Coral Irus Braverman 8. Data Infrastructures, Indigenous Knowledge, and Environmental Observing in the Arctic Noor Johnson, Colleen Strawhacker, and Peter Pulsifer 9. Digital Infrastructure and the Affective Nature of Value in Belize Patrick Gallagher 10. Infrastructuring Environmental Data Justice Dawn Walker, Eric Nost, Aaron Lemelin, Rebecca Lave, Lindsey Dillon, and Environmental Data and Governance Initiative (EDGI) Part 3. Governing Data, Infrastructuring Land and Resources 11. “A Poverty of Data”? Exporting the Digital Revolution to Farmers in the Global South Madeleine Fairbairn and Zenia Kish 12. Illicit Digital Environments: Monitoring and Surveilling Environmental Crime in Southeast Asia Hilary O. Faxon and Jenny Goldstein 13. Data Gaps: Penguin Science and Petrostate Formation in the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) James J. A. Blair 14. Data Structures, Indigenous Ontologies, and Hydropower in the U.S. Northwest Corrine Armistead 15. How Forest Became Data: The Remaking of Ground-Truth in Indonesia Cindy Lin Conclusion: Toward a Political Ecology of Data Rebecca Lave, Eric Nost, and Jenny Goldstein Source Acknowledgments Contributors Index

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Book SynopsisEnvironmental remote sensing plays a critical role in observing key hydrological components such as precipitation, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and total water storage on a global scale. As water security is one of the most critical issues in the world, satellite remote sensing techniques are of particular importance for emerging regions which have inadequate in-situ gauge observations. This book reviews multiple remote sensing observations, the application of remote sensing in hydrological modeling, data assimilation and hydrological capacity building in emerging regions.Trade Review"I teach Remote Sensing for Hydrology for graduate students and Ph.D. students. This book will be a perfect text book and reference book for the course. I believe this book will be a valuable textbook or reference book for senior undergraduates or graduate students with emphasis, interest, or major in remote sensing and/or hydrology." — Hongjie Xie, University of Texas at San Antonio, USATable of ContentsSatellite Remote Sensing Observations. Satellite Remote Sensing for Global Precipitation Monitoring. Diurnal Variability of Precipitation in West Africa Monsoon Region. ET Mapping Utilizing Remote Sensing Data. Soil Moisture Estimation Using Active and Passive Remote Sensing Techniques. Remote Sensing Streamflow Estimation via AMSR-E and TMI. Remote Sensing for Surface and Ground Water Observation. Total Water Storage Observed by GRACE. Modeling and Data Assimilation. The Coupled Routing and Excess Storage (CREST) Distributed Hydrological Mode. AMMAS Land Surface Model Intercomparison over West Africa. Multi-Sensor Imaging and Space-Ground Cross-Validation for 2010 Flood along Indus River, Pakistan. Hydroclimatology of Lake Victoria Region Using Hydrologic Model and Satellite Remote Sensing Data. Microwave Satellite Data for Hydrologic Modeling in an Ungauged Basin in Africa. Assimilating the Passive Microwave Streamflow Signals for Improving the Hydrological Predictions in Okavango River Basin, Africa. Statistical and Hydrologic Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Products for Mountainous Basin. Capacity Building. Real Time Operation Hydrological Monitoring and Forecasting System for Local Decision Makers. Satellite Remote Sensing Drought Monitoring and Predictions Over the Globe. Capacity Building Efforts in Hydrological Modeling for Africa - Workshops about CREST Mode. Capacity Building for Pakistan Hydrometeorologic Hazards. Cloud-Based Cyber-Infrastructure for Disaster Monitoring sand Mitigation Mobile Device Apps for Empowering Citizen Scientists.

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Book SynopsisFuture remote sensing systems will make extensive use of Compressive Sensing (CS) as it becomes more integrated into the system design with increased high resolution sensor developments and the rising earth observation data generated each year. Written by leading experts in the field Compressive Sensing of Earth Observations provides a comprehensive and balanced coverage of the theory and applications of CS in all aspects of earth observations. This work covers a myriad of practical aspects such as the use of CS in detection of human vital signs in a cluttered environment and the corresponding modeling of rib-cage breathing. Readers are also presented with three different applications of CS to the ISAR imaging problem, which includes image reconstruction from compressed data, resolution enhancement, and image reconstruction from incomplete data. Table of ContentsPreface. Editor. Contributors. 1 Compressed Sensing: From Theory to Praxis. 2 Compressive Sensing on the Sphere: Slepian Functions for Applications in Geophysics. 3 Compressive Sensing–Based High Resolution Imaging and Tracking of Targets and Human Vital Sign Detection behind Walls. 4 Recovery Guarantees for High Resolution Radar Sensing with Compressive Illumination. 5 Compressive Sensing for Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging. 6 A Novel Compressed Sensing–Based Algorithm for Space–Time Signal Processing Using Airborne Radars. 7 Bayesian Sparse Estimation of Radar Targets in the Compressed Sensing Framework. 8 Virtual Experiments and Compressive Sensing for Subsurface Microwave Tomography. 9 Seismic Source Monitoring with Compressed Sensing. 10 Seismic Data Regularization and Imaging Based on Compressive Sensing and Sparse Optimization. 11 Land Use Classification with Sparse Models. 12 Compressive Sensing for Reconstruction, Classification, and Detection of Hyperspectral Images. 13 Structured Abundance Matrix Estimation for Land Cover Hyperspectral Image Unmixing. 14 Parallel Coded Aperture Method for Hyperspectral Compressive Sensing on GPU. 15 Algorithms and Prototyping of a Compressive Hyperspectral Imager. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn this new edition of an SPIE bestseller, R. C. Olsen examines the definition and uses of remote sensing from a military perspective. The book discusses the instruments and principles that support a wide range of systems, including optical, thermal, radar, and LiDAR. Full-color images, as well as detailed examples and problems sets, make this a valuable textbook for students and engineers alike.

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Book SynopsisThis edited book, composed of chapters written by scholars of the geomatics-based, environmental and biological sciences, examines selected topics from the intersecting fields of geomatics (including remote sensing, geographical information science (GIS), global positioning systems (GPS), mapping and field survey methods) and conservation biology (including ecology and conservation policy), with case studies from West Africa, Canada, India and Malaysia. The focus is on some of the more important issues that dominate current intersections between developments in geomatics technology and those of conservation biology. Chapter One examines the history and themes of geomatics and applications to conservation biology research. Chapter Two presents a case study of geomatics-based research on the vital issue of vulture ecology, extinction and conservation in Central India. Chapter Three examines the relationship between people and elephants in the Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary and its surroundings in India, and it creates habitat suitability models from geomatics techniques to assess and predict elephant presence and potential human-elephant conflicts. Chapter Four examines the history and status of remote sensing as an aspect of geomatics, focusing mainly on satellite imagery. Chapter Five looks at development in GIS and takes an example of multidirectional landcover change from the West African savanna. Chapter Six looks at developments in GPS technology, especially concerning applications to the micro-habitats of bird presence and applications to mammal behavior. Chapter Seven looks at the subfield of animal geography, which looks at the subjective behavior of individual animals and the technology used to measure these detailed phenomena. Chapter Eight takes a case study of bird migration and habitat utilization in the swamps of coastal Malaysia. Chapter Nine looks at the utility of dated aerial photographs and supporting field methods in the evaluation of historical landcover change, covering periods before the development of modern imaging techniques and using an example from the West African savanna. This book makes an important contribution to the intersections of geomatics and conservation biology.

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Book SynopsisEarth resources are the precious assets that provide living space for human beings. In the last few decades, the pressure on earth resources has increased due to anthropogenic activities and rapid industrialisation. The sustainable management of earth resources requires reliable, accurate, and timely information at different observational scales. Geo-information technology is an efficient tool for acquiring information required for environmental protection, earth resources monitoring, and addressing the issues associated with sustainable development and management. It offers an influential and capable tool for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management of earth resources. Many researchers have reported their findings and operational applications of direct relevance to the management of earth resources with the launch of imaging satellites in the 1970s. However, few studies have been reported to understand the core science and research basics, as there are larger issues of capacity building to use geo-information technology in sustainable development and management of earth resources. There is also a fundamental gap between the theoretical concepts and the operational use of these advanced tools. This could be resolved by providing a broad range of applications of this technology to the scientific and research community in the field of geospatial technologies and allied subjects. This book, entitled "Geo-Information Technology in Earth Resources Monitoring and Management," deals with the challenges for sustainable management and development of earth resources with a focus on India and other countries around the world. The chapters are written by prominent academicians, researchers, and experts in the field of geo-information technology and related subjects. This book is a collection of chapters providing a multi-disciplinary overview for academicians, researchers, scientists, administrators, policymakers, social scientists, and professionals involved in the various aspects of earth resources development, planning, and management. The aim of this book is to replenish the gap in the available literature on the subject by bringing together the concepts, theories, and experiences of specialists and professionals in this field.Table of ContentsPreface; Land Cover Mapping Using Sentinel and Landsat Data: Potential and Challenges in the Context of the National Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Bulgaria; Recent Trends of Urban Expansion and Consequent Land Transformations: An Appraisal of Asansol City, West Bengal; Changing Trends of Land Surface Temperature in Relation to Land Use Land Cover of Delhi, India; Spatio Temporal Analysis of Air Quality of Udaipur and Its Relation with Land Surface Temperature Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic; Characteristics of Atmospheric Aerosol Over Indo-Gangetic Basin: Trend, Origin of Sources and Impact on Climate; Analysing Urban Landscape Changes with Multi-Sensor Datasets on a Temporal Scale; Assessment of the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Biophysical Indices in the Spectral Delineation of the Urban Green Cover: A Case Study from Ranchi; RS-GIS Application in Designing Sustainable Land Use Pattern of Killi Ar, Sub-Basin of Karamana River, Kerala; A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach to Create 3D Building Model Using Cartosat-1 Imagery: A Case Study From Oshiwara City, Mumbai; Identification of New Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites Using Integrated GIS-MCDM Techniques A Review; Assessing Inadequate Urban Infrastructure in Gated Societies of Greater Faridabad, India and Application of IOT in Smart Governance: Way Forward to Sustainable Development Goals; Characteristics and Nutrient Status of Limestone Soils in Leyte and Samar, Philippines; Remote Sensing-Based Agricultural Drought Monitoring A Review; Application of Meteorological and Vegetation Indices for Monitoring of Drought Condition Using Geospatial Techniques and Statistical Approach in the Semi Arid Regions of Rajasthan, India; Evaluation of Remote Sensing Based Agricultural Drought Indicators for Crop Insurance; Lessons from Central and Eastern Europe Changes and Reasons of Renewable Energy Support Schemes; Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Limnological Studies: A Case Study from Northwest Himalayan Lakes, India; Identification of Locations for Artificial Recharge Structures Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Sitapur District; The Application of Morphometric Parameters in River Watershed Management: A Case Study of Rihand River, India; Geospatial Distribution of Dar Zarrouk Parameters Resulting from Vertical Electrical Sounding in Dharangaon and Erandol Block of Jalgaon District, (India); Index.

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Book SynopsisAlthough magnetic sensors are usually only briefly mentioned in most textbooks on sensors, this reference provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and uses of such devices in remote sensing applications.Table of ContentsBasics; induction sensors; fluxgte sensors; magnetoresistors; Hall-effect magnetic sensors; magneto-optical sensors; resonant magnetometers; superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs); other principles; applications of magentic sensors; testing and calibration instruments; magnetic sensors for nonmagnetic variables; magnetic sensors, magnometers and calibration equipment manufacturers; list of sysmbols and abbrviations.

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Book SynopsisThe third volume in the Esri Guide to GIS Analysis series, Modeling Suitability, Movement, and Interaction describes practical applications of modeling concepts in a geographic information system (GIS). Modeling allows users to explore different scenarios and the impacts of various options, before making a decision.This book covers a broad range of methods for spatial interaction, site selection, routing, and scheduling, and explains the theory behind them so users can better interpret the analysis results. It also describes how a particular method is implemented within a GIS. With full-color maps and illustrations and sample applications, this book will help students studying GIS and professional GIS analysts better use models to evaluate locations and analyze movementTable of ContentsChapter 1 Introducing GIS modeling The GIS modeling process Define the goal of the analysis Define the criteria Collect the data Run the model Verify the results Modify and re-run the model Document the analysis Display and apply the results Modeling and GIS data Spatial data types Attribute data Accounting for spatial bias Geographic scale Data quality References and further reading Chapter 2 Finding suitable locations Designing a Boolean suitability model Evaluating locations Identifying potential locations References and further reading Chapter 3 Rating suitable locations Designing a suitability model to rate locations Rating locations using weighted overlay Rating locations using fuzzy overlay References and further reading Chapter 4 Predicting favorable locations Designing a model to predict favorable locations Predicting using known occurrences References and further reading Chapter 5 Modeling paths and corridors Designing a path model Modeling a path over a network Modeling an overland path References and further reading Chapter 6 Modeling interaction Designing a model of interaction Allocating demand to facilities Modeling travel to facilities References and further reading

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Book SynopsisExplore and master another dimension.Spatial information that is inherently 3D, like buildings, topography, and subsurface geology, can be displayed in a way that is both intuitive and measurable. What’s more, 3D representations can be used to model structures before they are built, identifying potential problems.Mapping with Altitude: Designing 3D Maps helps you deliver clear, compelling cartographic representations in 3D that are both eye-catching and informative. Understand scale, surfaces, base heights, texturing, and lighting models. Discover new twists on well-defined 2D cartographic principles, such as size, color, and text. Consider ways to convey time.Mapping with Altitude focuses on the decisions you’ll make and the specific techniques you can use as you delve into the world of 3D map authoring.Table of Contents Why 3D? Anatomy of a 3D scene Authoring for specific scales Delivery format Using surfaces Displaying draped content Displaying features: Geometry types, base-heights, and anchor points Displaying features: Shape, rotation, and scaling Displaying features: Textures and materials Displaying features: Animated symbols Displaying text and labels Temporal content in 3D Configuring the scene Exploring the scene 3D cartography call to action

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Book SynopsisSpatial statistics empowers you to go beyond visual analysis to answer questions confidently and make data-driven decisions.Thanks to the data and computational power now at our fingertips, data science is in every aspect of our lives. But with so many algorithms and buzzwords floating around, where do you start to solve complex problems or figure out where to go next?There has never been a more exciting time to learn about spatial statistics. Spatial statistics uses an aspect of geography that helps you quantify patterns and relationships so that you can feel confident in your analysis.Spatial Statistics Illustrated is an introductory book for learning the concepts behind the powerful spatial statistics tools in ArcGIS.With approachable explanations and uncomplicated drawings, Spatial Statistics Illustrated gives readers an accessible understanding of some of the most widely used spatial statistics methods, including how they work and when to use them. In a friendly, conversational tone, the authors share techniques that can help you explore your data in meaningful ways; quantify patterns and relationships; understand trends, and make informed, impactful decisions.This book has something for everyone analyzing data, including: seasoned data scientists looking to explore the value that spatial analysis offers GIS analysts looking to expand their spatial statistics skill set new GIS users discovering the value of spatial statistics Spatial Statistics Illustrated is a perfect complement to more traditional, technical statistics and spatial statistics texts and is also ideal as supplemental reading for academic courses.Based on the popular series of Spatial Statistics workshops presented by the authors at the annual Esri User Conference, Spatial Statistics Illustrated welcomes readers into the unparalleled world of spatial statistics.

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Book SynopsisTop 20 Essential Skills for ArcGIS® Pro introduces the most important skills you need to get up and running with geographic information systems (GIS).With its location data advantage, geographic information system (GIS) software is a tool to help with key projects, decisions, and problems. But how do you start using GIS in your projects? If you need a fast track to using this valuable tool, learn and get experience with Top 20 Essential Skills for ArcGIS Pro.With this book, you can start using ArcGIS Pro quickly and successfully. Easy to understand, step-by-step exercises Conversational, upbeat language with lots of illustrations and tips Interesting user stories covering how GIS is applied in many situations Exercises for working with spatial data, creating maps, and doing basic analysis This handy resource with easy to follow, how-to steps will help you build your skill set to become adept at understanding and using ArcGIS Pro.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Exploring the ArcGIS Pro interfaceChapter 2: Creating reference maps and layoutsChapter 3: Preparing your dataChapter 4: Joining tables to GIS dataChapter 5: Creating thematic mapsChapter 6: GeocodingChapter 7: Creating categorical mapsChapter 8: Working with data tablesChapter 9: Enriching your dataChapter 10: Mapping x,y coordinate dataChapter 11: Editing feature dataChapter 12: Performing data queriesChapter 13: Performing location queriesChapter 14: Using geoprocessing toolsChapter 15: Creating geodatabasesChapter 16: Joining featuresChapter 17: Working with imageryChapter 18: Using 3D dataChapter 19: Adding a table and chart to a layoutChapter 20: Sharing your workChapter 21: Publishing your work (bonus skill)

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Book SynopsisThis thoroughly revised edition of the Artech House bestseller, "Introduction to GPS: The Global Position System" offers professionals and students an up-to-date, easy-to-understand treatment of this tremendously important technology. The second edition includes a wealth of brand new material, including a chapter on GPS satellite orbit and new coverage of today's hottest issues, such as precise point positioning and location based services. Without bogging readers down with advanced mathematics, the book addresses all aspects of the GPS, emphasizes GPS applications, examines the GPS signal structure, and covers the key types of measurement being utilized in the field today.Table of ContentsIntroduction. GPS Details. GPS Satellite Orbit. GPS Errors and Biases. GPS Positioning Modes. Ambiguity Resolution Techniques. GPS Data and Correction Services. Common GPS Standard Formats. GPS Integration. GPS Applications. Other Global Satellite Navigation Systems. Appendixes.

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Book SynopsisAuthoritative and comprehensive, this is the leading text and professional resource on using geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze and address public health problems. Basic GIS concepts and tools are explained, including ways to access and manage spatial databases. The book presents state-of-the-art methods for mapping and analyzing data on population, health events, risk factors, and health services, and for incorporating geographical knowledge into planning and policy. Numerous maps, diagrams, and real-world applications are featured. The companion Web page provides lab exercises with data that can be downloaded for individual or course use. New to This Edition *Incorporates major technological advances, such as Internet-based mapping systems and the rise of data from cell phones and other GPS-enabled devices. *Chapter on health disparities. *Expanded coverage of public participation GIS. *Companion Web page has all-new content. *Goes beyond the United States to encompass an international focus.Trade ReviewCromley and McLafferty have done it again! They’ve written the most comprehensive text available on GIS applications for public health. The last several years have seen rapid growth in public health applications of GIS, technological developments in mapping and imagery, and the availability of public health data, all of which are addressed in the book. Other updates in the second edition include reorganization of material, international applications, and a chapter on health disparities. The authors have outdone themselves with the clarity, completeness, and relevance of this book. Whether you’re new to the practice of public health GIS or an experienced GIS user, you will benefit from the wealth of material provided.–Carol Hanchette, Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of LouisvilleCromley and McLafferty provide a thorough overview of the field. I have used the first edition as a text in my graduate-level introductory spatial methods class, and plan to use the second edition as well. I appreciate the book's extensive coverage of important information about GIS applications in public health research and practice.–Robin Puett, School of Public Health, University of Maryland A much-needed introduction to GIS for students, faculty, and professionals preparing to research or practice in public health. The second edition illustrates many new developments in the use of geospatial data, including spatial analysis methods now widely available on the Internet. It defines the terminology of GIS and shows how spatial analysis methods are used to understand and improve health. International in scope, the book covers mapping of disease rates, access to health services, environmental hazards and their health effects, diffusion of infectious diseases, community influences on health behavior, and the ecology of vector-borne diseases.–Gerard Rushton, Department of Geography, University of Iowa GIS and Public Health was already one of the most respected texts in the field, and the second edition does not disappoint. The authors have retained the strengths of the original–clear, concise, and practical introductions to GIS, geospatial data, spatial thinking, and spatial analysis in public health science–and have added important new content. I have found this text more rewarding to use in teaching and to consult for my own work than any other single book in the field.–Stephen A. Matthews, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University -Cromley and McLafferty have made substantial but worthwhile revisions ultimately adding over 150 new pages of material and revising much of the original text….A substantial addition to the volume comes in the form of online support for the more practical aspects of the book. Given the applied nature of topics covered, the addition of exercises providing examples for readers to work through and try out concepts themselves is welcomed….A highly commendable book for students and practitioners alike….It performs a good overview role with plenty of references.--International Planning Studies, 5/16/2013ƒƒ I can think of no better geographers than Ellen Cromley and Sara McLafferty for presenting the methodologies and research findings of GIS for health. --The Geographical Review, 9/22/2011ƒƒ Comprehensive, well-structured, well-illustrated, and well-written....Instructors will find a wealth of illustrative examples of applications. --Economic Geography, 9/22/2011Table of ContentsIntroduction 1. Geographic Information Systems 2. Spatial Data 3. Spatial Databases for Public Health 4. Mapping Health Information 5. Analyzing Spatial Clustering of Health Events 6. Analyzing Environmental Hazards 7. Analyzing the Risk and Spread of Infectious Diseases 8. Exploring the Ecology of Vector-Borne Disease 9. Analyzing Access to Health Services 10. Locating Health Services 11. Health Disparities 12. Public Participation GIS and Community Health

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Book Synopsis

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Book SynopsisThis book focuses on impending serious problems of socio-economic conditions in the sub-Saharan countries utilising remote sensing and GIS techniques. In Africa, the use of remote sensing data and analysing techniques such as GIS is essential for any studies that involve an extensive area because more often than not, topographic maps at a scale of 1:50,000 or larger are not available for detailed mapping on the ground. In addition, basic socio-economic and physical data, such as census data, environmental data, and infrastructure data, are lacking or not kept updated for modelling analyses.

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Book SynopsisSustainability has been increasingly embraced as an overarching policy goal, and communities have been called to be active participants on the path towards attaining a balance between fundamental human needs and ecological resilience. Community-based organizations (CBOs) can benefit from using GIS in building community assets and developing well-conceived sustainability initiatives, but GIS has not yet been widely used for those purposes in CBOs. This book illustrates how geographic information (such as maps) can be useful in community development drawing from service-learning GIS projects, and argue that economic theories of sustainability and spatial thinking can be of help in building sustainable community. It also discusses the application of vehicle routing problems for sustainable waste collection; spatio-temporal visualization and analysis techniques in GIS; GIS applications in modern crop protection; role of geographic information system for water quality evaluation; and the use of remote sensing and GIS for groundwater potential mapping in crystalline basement rocks.

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Book SynopsisA riveting introduction to the complex and evolving field of geospatial intelligence. Although geospatial intelligence is a term of recent origin, its underpinnings have a long and interesting history. Geospatial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution shows how the current age of geospatial knowledge evolved from its ancient origins to become ubiquitous in daily life across the globe. Within that framework, the book weaves a tapestry of stories about the people, events, ideas, and technologies that affected the trajectory of what has become known as GEOINT. Author Robert M. Clark explores the historical background and subsequent influence of fields such as geography, cartography, remote sensing, photogrammetry, geopolitics, geophysics, and geographic information systems on GEOINT. Although its modern use began in national security communities, Clark shows how GEOINT has rapidly extended its reach to other government agencies, NGOs, and corporations. This global explosion in the use of geospatial intelligence has far-reaching implications not only for the scientific, academic, and commercial communities but for a society increasingly reliant upon emerging technologies. Drones, the Internet of things, and cellular devices transform how we gather information and how others can collect that information, to our benefit or detriment.Trade ReviewIt is a pioneering text suitable for everyone’s reading list as well as the classroom. * AFIO Intelligencer *To call Robert Clark’s Geospatial Intelligence: Origins and Evolution the best GEOINT primer that I have read is necessary— accurate —and insufficient. It is much more. * The Cipher Brief *Table of ContentsList of Illustrations Preface Prologue List of Abbreviations 1. Intelligence and Geospatial Intelligence The Boundaries of Intelligence Geospatial Terminology The Power of a Single Word Defining Geospatial Intelligence 2. A Brief History of Maps and Charts Mapping The Silk Road Cartography Photogrammetry Nautical Charts Aeronautical Charts Establishing Claims with Cartography Chapter Summary 3. Terrain Measuring and Representing Terrain Digital Elevation Models Military Use of Terrain Civil Use of Terrain Oceanographic Terrain Chapter Summary 4. Navigation Celestial Navigation Radio Navigation Satellite Navigation Chapter Summary 5. Geopolitics Mahan’s Sea Power Theory Mackinder’s Heartland Theory German Geopolitik Spykman’s Rimland Theory The Continuing Influence of Geopolitical Theories Thematic Cartography Geopolitical Strategy Chapter Summary 6. Geographic Information Systems The Cluttered Map Hard Copy Layers Roger Tomlinson, the Father of GIS The Harvard Connection ESRI and Intergraph Interactive Maps and Charts The GIS Choice: Raster or Vector? The Power of GIS The Explosion of GIS Applications Are Paper Maps Obsolete? GIS and GEOINT Chapter Summary 7. Geolocation Geolocation Basics Using Imagery Radiofrequency Geolocation Acoustic Geolocation Cyber Geolocation Chapter Summary 8. Gaining the High Ground Gettysburg Observation Towers Lighter-than-Air Craft Exotic Approaches to the High Ground Aircraft Chapter Summary 9. The Ultimate High Ground Remote-Sensing Satellites Government Nonmilitary Applications Military Applications Commercial Imaging Satellites Chapter Summary 10. Visible Imaging Aerial Film Cameras Satellite Film Cameras Digital Cameras Video Cameras Getting the Image Right Analyzing the Image Chapter Summary 11. Spectral Imaging The Infrared Bands The Ultraviolet Spectrum Imaging outside the Visible Band Spectral Imagers Chapter Summary 12. Radar Imaging Conventional Radar Side-Looking Airborne Radar Synthetic Aperture Radar Laser Radar Chapter Summary 13. The Drivers of Geospatial Intelligence Denial and Deception Fleeting Targets Precision and Accuracy Outside Expertise Characterizing Oceans and Ocean Traffic New Issues A Complete Picture Chapter Summary 14. The Tools of Geospatial Intelligence Geomatics Geographic Information System Geovisualization Big Data Data Analytics and Visual Analytics Geospatial Simulation Modeling Chapter Summary 15. Sociocultural GEOINT Sociocultural Factors in Conflict Resolution Activity-Based Intelligence Pattern-of-Life Analysis Volunteered Geographic Information Involuntary Geographic Information Chapter Summary 16. The Story of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency The Defense Mapping Agency The National Photographic Interpretation Center The National Imagery and Mapping Agency’s Standup A Tale of Two Cities The Fight to Survive The NGA’s Standup Reaching Out Establishing the Boundaries of GEOINT Chapter Summary 17. The GEOINT Explosion US Geospatial Intelligence Organizations Five Eyes GEOIN Other National GEOINT Organizations Transnational GEOINT Organizations Chapter Summary 18. Non-National Geospatial Intelligence State/Provincial and Local Government Nongovernmental Organizations Chapter Summary 19. Commercial GEOINT Geospatial Business Intelligence Strategic GEOINT Operational GEOINT Geospatial Competitive Intelligence Chapter Summary 20. The Road Ahead Predicting the Future The Future of Cartography The Tools Applications of GEOINT National-Level GEOINT The Challenge of Ubiquitous GEOINT Chapter Summary Glossary Selected Bibliography Index About the Author

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Book SynopsisThese four volumes present innovative thematic applications implemented using the open source software QGIS. These are applications that use remote sensing over continental surfaces. The volumes detail applications of remote sensing over continental surfaces, with a first one discussing applications for agriculture. A second one presents applications for forest, a third presents applications for the continental hydrology, and finally the last volume details applications for environment and risk issues.Table of ContentsIntroduction ix Chapter 1. Introduction to QGIS 1 Nicolas MOYROUD and Frédéric PORTET 1.1. History 1 1.2. QGIS graphical user interface 2 1.2.1. Standard interface 2 1.2.2. Settings 3 1.2.3. Add layer 4 1.2.4. QGIS project. 5 1.2.5. Navigation 5 1.2.6. Attributes of entities 6 1.3. The processing module, the toolkit for spatial analysis 6 1.3.1. History and interest of the treatment module 6 1.3.2. Presentation of the toolbox and its algorithms 7 1.3.3. Example of an algorithm’s execution 10 1.3.4. Adding custom Python scripts 11 1.3.5. The graphic modeler 13 1.3.6. Batch processing 16 Chapter 2. Introduction to GDAL Tools in QGIS 19 Kenji OSE 2.1. GDAL: The Swiss army knife of raster processing 19 2.1.1. What is GDAL used for? 19 2.1.2. Licenses 19 2.1.3. How is GDAL used? 20 2.1.4. How GDAL works in QGIS 23 2.2. GDAL tools: Practical examples 26 2.2.1. Introduction 26 2.2.2. Useful data 27 2.2.3. Reading image metadata 29 2.2.4. Basic processing of raster files 33 2.2.5. Analysis tools 44 2.3. Bibliography 65 Chapter 3. GRASS GIS Software with QGIS 67 Bernard LACAZE, Julita DUDEK and Jérôme PICARD 3.1. Presentation 67 3.1.1. GRASS software: A modular GIS package 67 3.1.2. Vector functions (v.*) 68 3.1.3. GIS raster functions (r.*) 70 3.1.4. Imagery functions (i.* or r.*) 73 3.1.5. Temporal functions 74 3.2. GRASS GIS download and GRASS plugin in QGIS 77 3.2.1. Operating systems for GRASS GIS software 77 3.2.2. QGIS interface for GRASS GIS 77 3.3. GRASS GIS capabilities 79 3.3.1. Definition of a GRASS GIS project: Location and mapsets 79 3.3.2. Modifications of the GRASS region 80 3.3.3. Importing raster data into GRASS 81 3.3.4. Importing vector data into GRASS 83 3.3.5. Image georeferencing 84 3.3.6. Radiometric preprocessing of images 85 3.3.7. Pan-sharpening 86 3.3.8. Computation of spectral indices and biophysical parameters 86 3.3.9. Classifications and segmentation 87 3.4. Using Grass GIS functions from QGIS 89 3.4.1. Creating, opening, closing a dataset and adding a raster file 90 3.4.2. Creating, adding, editing a vector layer 95 3.4.3. Examples of image processing with QGIS-GRASS 97 3.5. Acknowledgments 106 3.6. Bibliography 106 Chapter 4. The Use of SAGA GIS Modules in QGIS 107 Paul PASSY and Sylvain THÉRY 4.1. SAGA GIS in QGIS 107 4.1.1. Development of SAGA GIS 107 4.1.2. SAGA GIS interface in QGIS 108 4.2. Using SAGA GIS to work with multispectral satellite images 111 4.2.1. Methodology 111 4.2.2. Acquisition and presentation of used data 112 4.2.3. Correction of the satellite images 112 4.2.4. Cropping the images according to the study area 115 4.2.5. Color composites and exploration of the area 116 4.2.6. Calculation of indices in order to extract vegetation and water surfaces 119 4.3. Hydrological network extraction using SAGA GIS in QGIS 131 4.3.1. Interests 131 4.3.2. DEM preprocessing 132 4.3.3. Filling sinks 135 4.3.4. Hydrographic network extraction 137 4.4. Interpolation using SAGA GIS 140 4.4.1. Principle of the interpolation 140 4.4.2. Interpolation of measures of water quality in the aquifers of the Seine basin 140 4.5. Bibliography 148 Chapter 5. Orfeo ToolBox Applications 151 Rémi CRESSON, Manuel GRIZONNET and Julien MICHEL 5.1. The Orfeo ToolBox 151 5.1.1. Introduction 151 5.1.2. History 151 5.1.3. Application features 153 5.1.4. Governance and community 153 5.1.5. C++ library 155 5.1.6. Internal mechanisms 156 5.1.7. Download and installation 158 5.2. Using OTB applications 158 5.2.1. Interface 158 5.2.2. Command line interface 161 5.2.3. Graphical user interface 164 5.2.4. Use from QGIS 165 5.2.5. Python bindings 165 5.2.6. Monteverdi 166 5.3. Exercises 167 5.3.1. Basic tools 167 5.3.2. Applications for image preprocessing 190 5.3.3. Feature extraction applications 221 5.3.4. Classification 231 5.4. Conclusion 240 5.5. Acknowledgments 240 5.6. Bibliography 240 Chapter 6. Online Publication of a Land Cover Map Using LizMap 243 Jean-Baptiste LAURENT and Louise LEROUX 6.1. Context 243 6.2. Workflow to publish a map online using LizMap 244 6.2.1. Presentation of LizMap 245 6.2.2. Main steps for publishing a map online with LizMap 246 6.3. Implementation with QGIS 247 6.3.1. Setup a QGIS project for Web 247 6.3.2. Setup a QGIS project for LizMap 248 6.3.3. Publish the map by FTP 251 6.3.4. Some tips to go further 253 6.4. Bibliography 255 Chapter 7. GeoHealth and QuickOSM, Two QGIS Plugins for Health Applications 257 Vincent HERBRETEAU, Christophe RÉVILLION and Etienne TRIMAILLE 7.1. Background on the use of GIS for health and the development of dedicated plugins in QGIS 257 7.2. Methodology 258 7.2.1. Importing data 259 7.2.2. Case geolocation 260 7.2.3. Data anonymization (“blurring”) 260 7.2.4. Creating an incidence or density map 262 7.2.5. Importing data from the OSM database 262 7.2.6. Environmental analyses 264 7.2.7. Export 265 7.3. Implementation: GeoHealth, assisted mapping with QGIS 267 7.3.1. Installation of GeoHealth and QuickOSM plugins 267 7.3.2. Datasets 268 7.3.3. Producing an incidence map with the GeoHealth plugin 268 7.3.4. “Blurring” of point data with GeoHealth and QuickOSM plugins 271 7.3.5. Example of spatial analyzes for health studies 277 7.3.6. Contribution to the OSM database using satellite images 281 7.4. Bibliography 286 List of Authors 287 Index 289 Scientific Committee 293

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Book SynopsisOur four volumes propose to present innovative thematic applications implemented using the open source software QGIS. These are applications that use remote sensing over continental surfaces. The four volumes detail applications of remote sensing over continental surfaces, with a first one discussing applications for agriculture. A second one presents applications for forest, a third presents applications for the continental hydrology, and finally the last volume details applications for environment and risk issues.Table of ContentsIntroduction xi Chapter 1. Monitoring Coastal Bathymetry Using Multispectral Satellite Images at High Spatial Resolution 1Bertrand LUBAC 1.1. Definition, context and objective 1 1.2. Description of the methodology 3 1.2.1. Step 1: selection and preprocessing of MSI images 5 1.2.2. Step 2: calibration of the bathymetry inversion model 7 1.2.3. Step 3: preparation and application of the masks 8 1.2.4. Step 4: characterization of the morphological evolution of the main sedimentary structures 9 1.3. Practical application 10 1.3.1. Software and data 10 1.3.2. Step 1: extraction of the region of interest and preprocessing 13 1.3.3. Step 2: calculation of bathymetry 20 1.3.4. Step 3: preparation and application of masks 25 1.3.5. Step 4: characterization of the morphological evolution of the main submarine sedimentary structures 31 1.4. Bibliography 33 Chapter 2. Contribution of the Integrated Topo-bathymetric Model for Coastal Wetland Evolution: Case of Geomorphologic and Biological Evolution of Ichkeul Marshes (North Tunisia) 35Zeineb KASSOUK, Zohra LILI-CHABAANE, Benoit DEFFONTAINES, Mohammad EL HAJJ and Nicolas BAGHDADI 2.1. Coastal wetland dynamic 35 2.2. Ichkeul marshes wetland 36 2.3. Object-oriented classification method integrating the topo-bathymetric terrain model 39 2.3.1. Construction of the topo-bathymetric DTM 40 2.3.2. Image preprocessing 44 2.3.3. Segmentation 48 2.3.4. Classification 49 2.3.5. Limitations of the methodology 51 2.3.6. Case example of topo-bathymetric transect with the associated vegetation communities 51 2.3.7. Conclusion 53 2.4. From a practical point of view in QGIS 53 2.4.1. Software and data 53 2.4.2. Computation of the topo-bathymetric DTM 55 2.4.3. Image preprocessing 58 2.4.4. Segmentation 65 2.4.5. Classification 71 2.5. Bibliography 76 Chapter 3. Reservoir Hydrological Monitoring by Satellite Image Analysis 77Paul PASSY and Adrien SELLES 3.1. Context and scientific issue 77 3.1.1. Scientific issue 77 3.1.2. Physical and human context 77 3.1.3. The importance of water resources in Central India 78 3.2. Methods and data set 78 3.2.1. Methods 78 3.2.2. Data set 79 3.2.3. Data set preparation 80 3.3. Extraction and quantification of the Singur reservoir area 82 3.3.1. Calculation of the AWEI Index. 82 3.3.2. Construction of the water–land binary raster 83 3.3.3. Vectorization of the binary raster 84 3.3.4. Selection of water polygons 85 3.3.5. Calculation of the water area of the reservoir 86 3.4. Characterization of vegetation 88 3.4.1. Choosing an indicator of the state of vegetation 88 3.4.2. Calculation of the SAVI on the study area 88 3.4.3. Creating a land–water mask 89 3.4.4. Statistics of the SAVI land surface index 90 3.5. Automation of the processing chain via the construction of a QGIS model 91 3.5.1. Model setting 91 3.5.2. Construction of the chain of treatments for the extraction of the reservoir 92 3.6. Conclusions 103 3.7. Bibliography 103 Chapter 4. Network Analysis and Routing with QGIS 105Hervé PELLA and Kenji OSE 4.1. Introduction 105 4.2. General notions 105 4.2.1. Definition of a network 105 4.2.2. Network topology 106 4.2.3. Topological relationships 107 4.2.4. Graph traversal – example of the shortest path (Dijkstra) 109 4.3. Examples of development and analysis of hydrographic networks 109 4.4. Thematic analysis 111 4.4.1. Introduction 111 4.4.2. Useful data 112 4.4.3. Step 1: verification of network consistency 113 4.4.4. Step 2: routes organization 119 4.4.5. Step 3: alignment of points on a network 121 4.4.6. Step 4: network classification 123 4.4.7. Step 5: stations characterization 124 4.4.8. Step 6: distance calculation between observation points 129 4.4.9. Step 7: upstream path and drainage basins calculation 133 4.4.10. Step 8: downstream path 135 4.4.11. Step 9: calculation of availability areas 140 4.5. Bibliography 144 Chapter 5. Representation of the Drainage Network in Urban and Peri-urban Areas Using a 2D Polygonal Mesh Composed of Pseudo-convex Elements 145Pedro SANZANA, Sergio VILLAROEL, Isabelle BRAUD, Nancy HITSCHFELD, Jorge GIRONAS, Flora BRANGER, Fabrice RODRIGUEZ, Ximena VARGAS and Tomas GOMEZ 5.1. Definitions and context 145 5.1.1. General context and objectives 145 5.1.2. Derivation of input GIS layers 148 5.1.3. Identification of badly-shaped HRUs and methodology to improve the model mesh quality 149 5.2. Implementation of the TriangleQGIS module and general methodology 153 5.2.1. Used technologies 153 5.2.2. Context and general methodology 153 5.2.3. Structure of the QGIS plugin 155 5.2.4. Basic used library: MeshPy 156 5.2.5. Installation of the plugin in Windows 156 5.2.6. Installation of the virtual box, QGIS plugin and Geo-PUMMA 160 5.3. Illustration of the TriangleQGIS plugin and some Geo-PUMMA scripts 167 5.3.1. Insertion of nodes for long and thin polygons 168 5.3.2. Triangulation using the TriangleQGIS plugin 169 5.3.3. Dissolution of tirangulated elements 178 5.3.4. Effect of the model mesh improvement 181 5.4. Acknowledgments 182 5.5. Bibliography 183 Chapter 6. Mapping of Drought 185Mohammad EL HAJJ, Mehrez ZRIBI, Nicolas BAGHDADI and Michel LE PAGE 6.1. Context 185 6.2. Satellite data 186 6.2.1. MODIS products 186 6.2.2. Land cover map 187 6.3. Drought index based on satellite NDVI data 187 6.4. Methodology 188 6.4.1. Preprocessing of MOD13Q1 images (step 1) 189 6.4.2. Delimitation of drought zones (steps 2–5) 189 6.4.3. Calculate the area of agricultural, urban and forest zones affected by the drought (step 6) 190 6.5. Implementation of the application via QGIS 191 6.5.1. Download MODIS MOD13Q1 data 191 6.5.2. Preprocessing of MODIS MOD13Q1 data (step 1) 193 6.5.3. Calculate VCI index (steps 1 and 2) 195 6.5.4. Delimitation of drought zones (steps 2–5) 199 6.5.5. Calculation of agricultural, forest and urban areas affected by drought (step 6) 204 6.5.6. Visualization of results (step 7) 206 6.6. Drought map 212 6.7. Bibliography 213 Chapter 7. A Spatial Sampling Design Based on Landscape Metrics for Pest Regulation: The Millet Head Miner Case Study in the Bambey Area, Senegal 215Valérie SOTI 7.1. Definition and context 215 7.2. The spatial sampling methodology 217 7.2.1. Step 1: quantification of landscape metrics 218 7.2.2. Step 2: sampling plan production 221 7.2.3. Step 3: exportation of selected sampling sites to a GPS 223 7.3. Practical application 223 7.3.1. Software and data 223 7.3.2. Step 1: landscape variables calculation 224 7.3.3. Step 2: sampling plan production 232 7.3.4. Step 3: integrating sampling points into a GPS device 238 7.3.5. Limits of the method 241 7.4. Bibliography 242 Chapter 8. Modeling Erosion Risk Using the RUSLE Equation 245Rémi ANDREOLI 8.1. Definition and context 245 8.2. RUSLE model 246 8.2.1. Climatic factor: rainfall aggressiveness R 248 8.2.2. Topographic factor: slope length and gradient 249 8.2.3. Soil types and land cover factors 251 8.2.4. Estimation of soil losses A 254 8.2.5. Limits of the method considered 254 8.3. Implementation of the RUSLE model 255 8.3.1. Software and data 255 8.3.2. Step 1: R factor calculation 257 8.3.3. Step 2: LS factor calculation 263 8.3.4. Step 3: preparation of the K factor 274 8.3.5. Step 4: C factor creation 275 8.3.6. Step 5: soil loss A calculation from the RUSLE equation 280 8.4. Bibliography 281 List of Authors 283 Index 285 Scientific Committee 289

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Book SynopsisToday, Global Positioning System (GPS) has taken a significant place in human life with wide-scale applications. It is a multi-use, space-based radio-navigation system, embracing defense and security, civil, commercial, and scientific research needs. Taking into account the importance of the system, it has been suggested to present current advances of GPS with attention focused on vital aspects of technology. This book provides a general description of GPS, GNSS, and GLONASS with reference to the improvement of characteristics of the segments, including software applications and the equipment itself containing GPS. The book also provides information on application areas. Equally, a number of common shortcomings and errors are described, and elimination and mnimization of such consequences are demonstrated.

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Book SynopsisProviding an authoritative assessment of the current landscape of spatial analysis in the social sciences, this cutting-edge Handbook covers the full range of standard and emerging methods across the social science domain areas in which these methods are typically applied. Accessible and comprehensive, it expertly answers the key questions regarding the dynamic intersection of spatial analysis and the social sciences. The chapters are split into insightful sections dedicated to foundational background material, methods, social science applications and the challenges on the horizon, using state-of-the-art coverage of the traditional and novel spatial methods. Leading scholars in the field use a range of applications to illustrate the diverse ways in which spatial analysis methods can inform research in the field of social sciences. Furthermore, the Handbook discusses the key challenges to that research including uncertainty, reproducibility and replicability. This Handbook of Spatial Analysis in the Social Sciences will be an excellent informative resource for scholars in the fields of geography, social sciences and public health. Established and early career researchers of the social sciences alike will appreciate the detailed overview of the methods and applications as well as the ability to expand their methodological knowledge.Trade Review‘Rey and Franklin introduce this new Handbook with an allusion to a rapidly changing landscape. And perhaps because any landscape, but especially a swiftly evolving one needs solid landmarks, this collection is a welcome addition to the literature that should appeal to any researchers in the social sciences working to learn the ropes of spatial analysis.’ -- Antonio Paez, McMaster University, Canada‘A comprehensive collection of chapters, carefully curated, spanning the current state of the art of spatial analysis in the social sciences written by established experts in the field ably accompanied by those creating the expertise of the future.’ -- Danny Dorling, Oxford University, UKTable of ContentsContents: Introduction: Spatial analysis and the social sciences in a rapidly changing landscape xi Sergio J. Rey and Rachel S. Franklin PART 1 THEORY, FRAMEWORKS AND FOUNDATIONS 1 GIScience through the looking glass 2 Barbara P. Buttenfield 2 Locating spatial data in the social sciences 16 Jonathan Reades 3 Analytical environments 36 Roger Bivand 4 Complexity 64 Li An 5 Linking spatial patterns to processes 85 Colin Robertson and Jed Long PART 2 METHODS 6 Spatial econometrics 101 Luc Anselin 7 Local modeling in a regression framework 123 Mehak Sachdeva, Taylor Oshan and A. Stewart Fotheringham 8 Simulating geographical systems using cellular automata and agent-based models 142 Alison Heppenstall, Andrew Crooks, Ed Manley and Nick Malleson 9 Microsimulation 158 Nik Lomax 10 Multilevel models 173 Richard Harris 11 Context-dependent movement analysis 187 Somayeh Dodge 12 Spatial interaction modeling 208 Taylor Oshan 13 Spatial optimization 223 Alan T. Murray 14 Cluster identification 245 Edward Helderop and Tony H. Grubesic 15 Spatial point patterns 262 Stuart Sweeney and Sophia Arabadjis 16 Spatial dynamics 277 Wei Kang 17 GeoAI in social science 291 Wenwen Li 18 Exploratory spatial data analysis 305 Ran Wei 19 Geovisualization and geovisual analysis 322 Alasdair Rae 20 Immersive virtual reality and spatial analysis 336 Trevor M. Harris 21 Spatiotemporal data mining 352 Arun Sharma, Zhe Jiang and Shashi Shekhar PART 3 APPLICATIONS 22 Neighborhood change 370 Elizabeth Delmelle 23 The spatial analysis of gentrification: Formalizing geography in models of a multidimensional urban process 384 Elijah Knaap 24 Social networks in space 400 Clio Andris and Dipto Sarkar 25 Analysing the dynamics of inter-regional inequality: The case of Canada 416 Sébastien Breau 26 Spatial approaches to energy poverty 434 Caitlin Robinson 27 The shape of bias: Understanding the relationship between compactness and bias in U.S. elections 451 Levi John Wolf 28 Space and New Urbanism 470 Emily Talen 29 Space for wellbeing 481 Victoria Houlden 30 Urban analytics: History, trajectory and critique 503 Geoff Boeing, Michael Batty, Shan Jiang and Lisa Schweitzer PART 4 EMERGING CHALLENGES AND ISSUES 31 Reproducibility and replicability in spatial science 518 Michael F. Goodchild 32 An image library: The potential of imagery in (quantitative) social sciences 528 Daniel Arribas-Bel, Francisco Rowe, Meixu Chen and Sam Comber 33 Uncertainty 544 David C. Folch Index 559

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Book SynopsisThis book reviews the contributions of Earth Observation (EO) to public health practices. It examines how EO is being used to understand, track, predict, and manage infectious and chronic diseases, and it provides discussion on the current challenges and the significant development potential of EO to a One Health approach. Its objective is to address a set of questions: How does EO currently assist public health activities? What are the challenges for operational use of EO in public health? What are the opportunities for EO to benefit public health in the near future? This review concentrates on the following priority themes to which EO and geomatics can make important contributions: mosquito-borne and tick-borne diseases; water-borne diseases; air quality and extreme heat effects; and geospatial indicators of vulnerable human populations. EO has also demonstrated potential during the COVID-19 pandemic as an efficient provider of data on rapid environmental and socio-economic changes and impacts. Remotely sensed data are particularly useful for risk modelling and mapping projects to help generate information on occurrence and spatio-temporal trends of disease risk. Similarly, EO can be used to identify risk factors for disease risk or emergence detected in surveillance, and support development of early warning systems. Risk maps enable public health professionals to anticipate and prepare for health threats, and they can support responses to infectious disease epidemics or existing endemic conditions. This book emerged from the collaboration of the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Canadian Space Agency with contributions of international experts. Their findings will be of great value to public health and EO professionals interested in developing and applying geospatial applications in the risk assessment and management of public health issues.Table of ContentsSection 1: Introduction to Public Health and Earth Observation Chapter 1: Public Health and Earth Observation Chapter 2: Work Programme Organization and Management Approaches Section 2: Earth Observation and Public Health Priority Application and Research Areas by Theme Chapter 3: Mosquito-Borne Diseases Chapter 4: Tick-Borne Diseases Chapter 5: Air Quality and Heat-Related Health Issues Chapter 6: Water-Borne Diseases- Earth Observation System for the Coastal Monitoring of Non-Cholera Vibrios Chapter 7: Vulnerable Populations Chapter 8: Earth Observation and Geospatial Data Utilization during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Preliminary Appraisal Chapter 9: Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities – A Review by Experts Chapter 10: Conclusions and Opportunities

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Book SynopsisOver the last fifty years, humanity has developed an extraordinary global utility which is omnipresent, universal, and available to all: the Global Positioning System (GPS). A network of twenty-four satellites and their monitoring stations on Earth, it makes possible almost all modern technology, from the smartphone in your pocket to the Mars rover. Neither the internet nor the cloud would work without it. And it is changing us in profound ways we've yet to come to terms with. While GPS has brought us breathtakingly accurate methods of timekeeping, navigation, and earthquake tracking, our overwhelming reliance on it is having unexpected consequences on our culture, and on ourselves. GPS is reshaping our thinking about privacy and surveillance, and brings with it the growing danger of GPS terrorism. Neuroscientists have even found that using GPS for navigation may be affecting our cognitive maps - possibly rearranging the grey matter in our heads - leading to the increasingly common phenomenon 'Death by GPS', in which drivers blindly follow their devices into deserts, lakes, and impassable mountains. Deeply researched, inventive and with fascinating insights into the way we think about our place in the world, Pinpoint reveals the way that the technologies we design to help us can end up shaping our lives. It is at once a grand history of science and a far-reaching book about contemporary culture.

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Book SynopsisThis title focuses on the evolution of the modeling process and on new research perspectives in theoretical and applied geography, as well as spatial planning. In the last 50 years, the achievements of spatial analysis models opened the way to a new understanding of the relationship between society and geographical space. In this book, these models are confronted by the real conditions of territorial prospect, regional dynamism, cultural policy, HMO, and spatial segregation. This confrontation takes into account the instability of social behavior and the permanence of partial determinist trajectories.Table of ContentsForeword. The Taste for Measuring and Modeling xi Nicole MATHIEU Preface xxiii Acknowledgements xxv Chapter 1. The Place of Both the Model and Modeling in HSS 1 Patrice LANGLOIS and Daniel REGUER 1.1. Models and modeling: definitions 2 1.2. The mathematical concept of a model 5 1.3. Is there a specificity of HSS? 7 1.4. Modeling: explain to understand? 11 1.5. Bibliography 13 Chapter 2. From Classic Models to Incremental Models 15 Yves GUERMOND 2.1. The geographic “object” 16 2.2. Lessons from the “classic models” 16 2.3. Introduction to dynamics and auto-organization 22 2.4. From auto-organization to complexity 26 2.5. Spatial agents 30 2.6. Incremental modeling 32 2.7. Bibliography 35 Chapter 3. The Formalization of Knowledge in a Reality Simplifying System 39 Françoise LUCCHINI 3.1. Formalizing a complex cultural system using a series of perspectives 40 3.2. Differentiation of the system of cities by culture: contribution of the spatial analysis for testing the“global cultural model” 51 3.3. Alternative formalizations 63 3.4. Conclusion 69 3.5. Bibliography 69 Chapter 4. Modeling and Territorial Forecasting: Issues at Stake in the Modeling of Réunion’s Spatial System 71 Gilles LAJOIE 4.1. Introduction 71 4.2. A few major theoretical breakthroughs for modeling spatial complexity 72 4.3. Modeling and territorial forecasting of the socio-spatial system of Réunion 78 4.4. Modeling of Réunion’s socio-spatial system 90 4.5. Towards a modeling of the dynamics of Réunion’s system 93 4.6. Conclusion 97 4.7. Bibliography 98 Chapter 5. One Model May Conceal Another: Models of Health Geographies 101 Alain VAGUET 5.1. Modeling in order to surpass descriptions? 102 5.2. Mode of the models and models in vogue 104 5.3. Conclusion 111 5.4. Bibliography 111 Chapter 6. Operational Models in HMO 113 Jean-François MARY and Jean-Manuel TOUSSAINT 6.1. Buffer and barycenter to determine the location of cardiac defibrillation 114 6.2. Thiessen’s accessibility formula 117 6.3. Accessibility: the direct added-value of the GIS 121 6.4. A regional database of road accessibility devoted to emergency 123 6.5. The reallocation projects and their consequences 126 6.6. Relocation of a medical clinic: simulation of a new accessibility 131 6.7. Bibliography 134 Chapter 7. Modeling Spatial Logics of Individual Behaviors: From Methodological Environmentalism to the Individual Resident Strategist 137 Michel BUSSI 7.1. Reconsidering spatial determinism: modeling versus local development 138 7.2. Ecological methodology 142 7.3. Towards a post-industrialist behavior 149 7.4. From neighborhood effect to the theory of the citizen-resident-strategist 152 7.5. Bibliography 157 Chapter 8. Temporalities and Modeling of Regional Dynamics: The Case of the European Union 161 Bernard ELISSALDE 8.1. Integrating time and temporalities into spatial models 162 8.2. Introduction of complexity theory in the interpretation of regional inequalities in Europe 168 8.3. Conclusion 186 8.4. Bibliography 188 Chapter 9. Modeling the Watershed as a Complex Spatial System: A Review 191 Daniel DELAHAYE 9.1. Shape indices for measuring various forms of a watershed 192 9.2. Organization of the networks 193 9.3. Synthesis concerning the shape and organization indices 200 9.4. From morphometry to complex systems 202 9.5. Conclusion 213 9.6. Bibliography 213 Chapter 10. Understanding to Measure...or Measuring to Understand? HBDS: Towards a Conceptual Approach for the Geographic Modeling of the Real World 217 Thierry SAINT-GERAND 10.1. A forgotten face of the geographic approach 217 10.2. Formalizing a spatial reasoning in databases 226 10.3. Example of thematic application: the industrial risks at Notre- Dame-de-Gravenchon (lower Seine valley) 246 10.4. Back to the sources 252 10.5. Bibliography 253 Chapter 11. Complexity and Spatial Systems 255 Patrice LANGLOIS 11.1 The paradigm of complexity 255 11.2. The systemic paradigm: from the combinatorial to emergence 260 11.3. Moving towards a more formalized definition of the notion of a spatial system 266 11.4. Bibliography 275 Chapter 12. Cellular Automata for Modeling Spatial Systems 277 Patrice LANGLOIS 12.1. The concept of the automaton and its modeling 277 12.2. A little bit of history 278 12.3. The concept of the finite state automaton 279 12.4. The concept of the cellular automaton 285 12.5. CAs used for geographic modeling 293 12.6. Bibliography 306 12.7. Websites 307 Chapter 13. Multi-Agent Systems for Simulation in Geography: Moving Towards an Artificial Geography 309 Eric DAUDE 13.1. Introduction 309 13.2. From global to local description of structures and spatial dynamics 310 13.3. Multi-agent systems 313 13.4. Artificial geography: simulations of structures and spatial dynamics 319 13.5. Conclusion 329 13.6. Bibliography 329 Conclusion 335 Yves GUERMOND List of Authors 337 Index 339

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Book SynopsisThis book includes two parts. The first part is more theoretical and general, and it covers fundamental principles : geospatial climate data measurement ; spatial analysis, mapping and climate ; geographical information, remote sensing and climatology ; and geographical information for initialisation of forecasting and climate models. The second part describes geographical information used in various climate applications of importance today, related to risk : urban climate ; air pollution ; hydrological problems linked to climatology ; forest fires.Table of ContentsPreface vii Chapter 1. Basics of Climatological and Meteorological Observations for GIS Applications 1 Wolfgang SCHOENER 1.1. Data measurements and observations in climatology 2 1.2. Data quality control and data homogenization in climatology 12 1.3. Metadata: documenting quality and usability 20 1.4. Future perspectives 25 1.5. Bibliography 26 Chapter 2. Spatial Analysis, Cartography and Climate 29 Daniel JOLY 2.1. Introduction 29 2.2. Geographic information necessary for interpolation 32 2.3. The main interpolation methods 36 2.4. Geographic information used in statistical interpolations: advantages and disadvantages 42 2.5. Conclusion 67 2.6. Bibliography 69 Chapter 3. Geographical Information, Remote Sensing and Climatology 73 Vincent DUBREUIL 3.1. Introduction 73 3.2. The development phases of meteorological satellites 74 3.3. Examples of how geostationary data are used in Brazil 85 3.4. Examples of NOAA-AVHRR data used in Western France 92 3.5. Conclusion 99 3.6. Acknowledgements 100 3.7. Bibliography 100 Chapter 4. Geographical Information for the Initialization of Numerical Weather Forecast Models and Climate Modeling 103 Pierre BESSEMOULIN 4.1. Introduction 103 4.2. Brief description of the climate system 103 4.3. Brief overview of numerical weather forecast models 107 4.4. Role and description of the Earth’s surface 111 4.5. Description of surface parameters used in a forecast model 119 4.6. Bibliography 123 Chapter 5. Assessing and Modeling the Urban Climate in Lisbon 125 Maria João ALCOFORADO 5.1. Introduction 125 5.2. Historical evolution of urban climate studies 126 5.3. Spatial scales 127 5.4. Climatic modifications induced by settlements 128 5.5. Urban climate monitoring methods 130 5.6. Modeling 134 5.7. Modeling Lisbon’s urban climate at the mesoscale 135 5.8. Modeling Lisbon’s urban climate at the microscale (Telheiras city-district) 144 5.9. Conclusion 152 5.10. Acknowledgements 153 5.11. Bibliography 154 Chapter 6. Geographical Information, Climate and Atmospheric Pollution 159 Isabelle ROUSSEL 6.1. Introduction 159 6.2. Peak pollution periods and alerts: pollution and climate paroxysm 161 6.3. LAURE and territory age 171 6.4. The geography of science and action 180 6.5. Conclusion 190 6.6. Bibliography 191 Chapter 7. Geographical Information and Climatology for Hydrology 195 Jean-Pierre LABORDE 7.1. Hydrological problems of today’s society 195 7.2. Pluviometry: a spatially continuous piece of geographical information 200 7.3. The problems associated with recording rainfall and average spatial rainfall 218 7.4. Conclusion 228 7.5. Bibliography 229 Chapter 8. Geographical Information, Climatology and Forest Fires 233 Pierre CARREGA 8.1. Forest fires: associated risks and individual components 233 8.2. The influence that different climate and weather factors have on forest fires: the indexes 238 8.3. Using geographic information to work out the meteorological risks associated with forest fires 246 8.4. Conclusion List of Authors 271 Index 273

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Book SynopsisThis book presents a general overview of the applications and use of geopositioning and GNSS for assisting the supervision and management of mobile terrestrial professions, information, traffic regulation, multimodal information, pedestrian mobility and indoor geopositioning, etc. It especially focuses on the field of mobility and terrestrial transport, the automotive industry and tourism (on foot, by bicycle or motorcycle, by car, by professional vehicles or by public transport, etc.). This book explores the many possibilities, developmental and organizational factors, as well as new paradigms, which will contribute to an essential part of GNSS’s civil economy, especially to Galileo in the mid-term and to Egnos in the short-term. Several of GNSS’s integration structuring aspects in sustainable terrestrial mobilities will be analyzed; for example in terms of system architecture, data safety or legal constraints. Numerous diverse points of view will be presented regarding subjects such as dynamic cartography and new computing architectures of: mobility systems, interconnection, service quality, regulation or supervision functions of individual freedoms. Contents Foreword, Matthias Ruete. 1. The Geopositioning Concept, Yves Alexandre. 2. Functions and Performance of the Egnos System, Jérôme Legenne and Daniel Brocard. 3. Information, Modeling and Traffic Reconstruction, Arnaud De La Fortelle, Jean-Marc Lasgouttes and Fabien Moutarde. 4. Geopositioning and Legal Issues, Thierry Piette-Coudol. 5. Location-based Services: Platforms and Applications, Wafaa Ait-Cheik-Bihi, Ahmed Nait-Sidi-Moh, Mohamed Bakhouya, Jaafer Gaber and Maxime Wack. 6. Geofencing, Fabrice Reclus. 7. Pedestrian Navigation for the Benefit of Mobility, Pierre-Yves Gillieron, Véronique Chazal, Michael Flamm, Dominique Von Der Mühll and Monique Ruzicka-Rossier. 8. The Application of Satellite Positioning Systems in Travel Analysis,Patrick Gendre, Alexis Bacelar and Philippe Marchal. About the Authors Ahmed Nait-Sidi-Moh is Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering and Computer Engineering at the University of Picardie Jules Verne, St Quentin, France. His research interests include modeling, analysis of discrete event systems, performance evaluation and optimization, routing policies, scheduling and interoperability for service composition. Mohamed Bakhouya is a senior research scientist at Aalto University, Finland. His research interests include various aspects on the design, validation, implementation, performance evaluation and analysis of distributed systems, architectures, protocols and services. Jaafar Gaber is Associate Professor of Computational Sciences and Computer Engineering at the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard, France. His research interests include ubiquitous and pervasive computing, distributed systems, geopositioning and mobility, security and experimental performance evaluations. Maxime Wack is Associate Professor of Computational Sciences and Computer Engineering at the University of Technology of Belfort-Montbéliard, France. He heads the Geopositioning, Embedded Systems and Mobility (GSEM) team. His research interests include intelligent transportation systems, security, digital signature and certification, location-based services and distributed systems.Table of ContentsForeword xi Introduction xvii Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafar GABER and Maxime WACK Chapter 1. The Geopositioning Concept 1 Yves ALEXANDRE 1.1. A revolution is announced 1 1.2. The basis of powerful technological systems 2 1.2.1. US creation of a GPS economic industry 2 1.2.2. The European momentum introduced with Galileo which can rely on Egnos from now on 3 1.2.3. An open dynamic beyond the space industry sector 5 1.3. The fundamentals of geopositioning development 6 1.3.1. The universalism decentralizing of the Internet 6 1.3.2. The trend toward “service” of the electronic communication economy 7 1.3.3. The dynamic and lessons of the European GSM success story 9 1.4. Prospective visions of large geopositioning markets in transport and land transport 11 1.4.1. Multiple factors for geopositioning growth 11 1.4.2. Toll systems 12 1.4.3. Transport control and surveillance 15 1.4.4. The production of information 17 1.4.5. Intelligence systems in vehicles 19 1.4.6. Individual mobility (tourism and recreation) 21 1.5. The challenge for the future of the European GNSS incubation services 22 1.5.1. The need for downstream marketing “services, applications and uses” 22 1.5.2. The obligation of “system” strategies 23 1.5.3. The requirement to include GNSS in the new intelligent digital architectures 25 1.6. Bibliography 28 Chapter 2. Functions and Performance of the Egnos System 31 Jérôme LEGENNE and Daniel BROCARD 2.1. Introduction 31 2.2. Operating principles of Egnos 35 2.3. Improving GPS performance with Egnos 37 2.4. The behavior of Egnos faced with a GPS breakdown 42 2.5. Conclusion 43 2.6. Links 45 Chapter 3. Information, Modeling and Traffic Reconstruction 47 Arnaud DE LA FORTELLE, Jean-Marc LASGOUTTES and Fabien MOUTARDE 3.1. New technologies and development 48 3.2. Modeling and algorithms 52 3.3. Analysis and overall traffic prediction 59 3.4. Realizations and experiments 63 3.5. Perspectives 69 3.6. Bibliography 71 Chapter 4. Geopositioning and Legal Issues 75 Thierry PIETTE-COUDOL 4.1. General legal framework of geopositioning 76 4.1.1. Legal texts 76 4.1.2. Relevant legal concepts 77 4.1.3. Technical concepts and the law 81 4.2. Operating a geopositioning service 82 4.2.1. Due diligence – prerequisites 83 4.2.2. Establishment of a general framework for security 86 4.2.3. Determining the aim of the service 88 4.2.4. Administrative declaration 89 4.2.5. The principle of consent in geopositioning 91 4.2.6. Records management issues 95 4.3. Authentication and anonymity 97 4.3.1. Identity, name and anonymity 97 4.3.2. Identity and digital certificates 99 4.4. Bibliography 102 Chapter 5. Location-based Services: Platforms and Applications 103 Wafaa AIT-CHEIK-BIHI, Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafer GABER and Maxime WACK 5.1. Introduction 103 5.2. Technologies for LBS-based systems 104 5.2.1. Positioning systems and techniques 105 5.2.2. Communication techniques 106 5.2.3. Cartography and geographical information systems 106 5.2.4. Business process 108 5.3. Fields of application of LBS 111 5.3.1. Control and monitoring of vehicles 113 5.3.2. Real-time monitoring of snowplows 116 5.3.3. Application to antilock braking systems 118 5.3.4. TransportML for the collaboration and interaction of services 119 5.3.5. eCall: automatic emergency call system 120 5.3.6. Other LBS-based platforms 122 5.4. Conclusions 122 5.5. Bibliography 123 Chapter 6. Geofencing 127 Fabrice RECLUS 6.1. General presentation 127 6.1.1. Introduction 127 6.1.2. Terminology 128 6.2. Fields of application 131 6.2.1. Merchandise transportation 131 6.2.2. Fleet management 131 6.2.3. Security and defense applications 132 6.2.4. Surveillance of individuals 133 6.3. Tracking and geofencing system 133 6.3.1. Composition of system 133 6.3.2. Functionalities 134 6.4. Geofences 135 6.4.1. Classification 135 6.4.2. Calculation algorithms 137 6.5. Errors and false alarms 139 6.5.1. Parasite phenomena 139 6.5.2. Buffer zones 140 6.5.3. Configuration of a buffer zone 141 6.5.4. Examples of detection methods using geofencing 142 6.5.5. Geographical zones 143 6.5.6. The circle method 144 6.5.7. The rectangle method 144 6.5.8. The polygon method 145 6.5.9. Zones with scheduled time slots 145 6.5.10. Routes 146 6.5.11. Dynamic zones 147 6.6. Possible applications 149 6.6.1. Interest and reduced gains 149 6.7. Applications to road transport 150 6.7.1. Restrictions of access to zones 150 6.7.2. Freeway corridors 151 6.7.3. Monitoring parking in service areas 151 6.7.4. User services 152 6.7.5. Summary table of geofencing applications 152 6.8. Conclusion 153 6.9. Bibliography 154 Chapter 7. Pedestrian Navigation for the Benefit of Mobility 155 Pierre-Yves GILLIÉRON, Véronique CHAZAL, Michael FLAMM, Dominique VON DER MÜHLL and Monique RUZICKA-ROSSIER 7.1. Context 155 7.2. Preamble – Pedestrians 156 7.2.1. Pedestrian travel: an ambiguous status 156 7.2.2. Understanding individuals’ pedestrian thought processes 158 7.3. Current state of pedestrian navigation technologies 162 7.3.1. Location and orientation technologies 162 7.4. Modeling of traffic areas accessible to pedestrians 176 7.4.1. Cartography for pedestrians 176 7.4.2. Navigation maps: from automobile to pedestrian 178 7.4.3. Navigation solutions for built environments 179 7.4.4. The importance of reference point systems 180 7.5. User needs and contexts of use 182 7.5.1. List of potential fields of application 182 7.5.2. Applications to help people with disabilities 183 7.5.3. Applications for leisure activities 188 7.5.4. Applications for navigation in complex infrastructures 190 7.5.5. Applications to serve professionals 194 7.6. Summary and conclusion 196 7.7. Bibliography 198 Chapter 8. The Application of Satellite Positioning Systems in Travel Analysis 203 Patrick GENDRE, Alexis BACELAR and Philippe MARCHAL 8.1. Introduction 203 8.2. Use of geopositioning for travel surveys 204 8.2.1. Context 204 8.2.2. Technical principles 204 8.2.3. Existing supply 204 8.2.4. 2007 National Transport Survey (ENTD) 205 8.2.5. Hardware 207 8.2.6. Software 207 8.2.7. Other recent projects 209 8.2.8. Other similar uses of GNSS 209 8.3. Travel time via GPS: the Cap Vista application 210 8.3.1. Context 210 8.3.2. Creation of software 211 8.4. Presentation of the Cap Vista application 212 8.4.1. GPS, DB and GIS 212 8.4.2. Possible uses 216 8.4.3. Initial assessment and paths of improvement 217 8.5. Conclusions and perspectives 218 8.6. Bibliography 219 Conclusion 223 Ahmed NAIT-SIDI-MOH, Mohamed BAKHOUYA, Jaafar GABER and Maxime WACK Glossary 227 List of Authors 235 Index 237

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Book SynopsisThis book addresses the field of geographic information extraction and retrieval from textual documents. Geographic information retrieval is a rapidly emerging subject, a trend fostered by the growing power of the Internet and the emerging possibilities of data dissemination.After positioning his work in this field in Chapter 1, the author makes proposals in the following two chapters. Chapter 2 focuses on spatial and temporal information indexing and retrieval in corpora of textual documents. Propositions for both spatial and temporal information retrieval (IR) are made. Chapter 3 tackles the use of generalized spatial and temporal indexes, which are produced from there in the framework of multi-criteria IR. Geographic IR (GIR) is discussed at length, since this IR combines the criteria of spatial, temporal and thematic research.The author provides a rich bibliographical study of the current approaches focused on the modeling and retrieval of spatial and temporal information in textual documents, and similarity measures developed thus far in the literature.The book concludes with a broad perspective of the remaining scientific challenges. Several areas of research are discussed, such as integration of a domain-based ontology, modeling of spatial footprints from the interpretation of spatial relation, and parsing of relations between features deemed relevant within a document resulting from a GIR process. Contents Foreword, Christophe Claramunt.1. Access by Geographic Content to Textual Corpora: What Orientations ?2. Spatial and Temporal Information Retrieval in Textual Corpora.3. Multicriteria Information Retrieval in Textual Corpora.4. General Conclusion. About the Authors Christian Sallaberry is currently Assistant Professor at the Law, Economics and Management Faculty in Pau, France. His current research interests are in the fields of geographical information retrieval (GIR) in textual corpora: spatial, temporal and thematic information recognition, analyzing, indexing and retrieval. He is interested in spatial, temporal and thematic criteria combinations within a GIR process.Table of ContentsFOREWORD ix Christophe CLARAMUNT ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi INTRODUCTION xiii CHAPTER 1. ACCESS BY GEOGRAPHIC CONTENT TO TEXTUAL CORPORA: WHAT ORIENTATIONS? 1 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. Access by geographic content to textual corpora 1 1.2.1. Document retrieval and textual corpora 2 1.2.2. Textual corpora with “territorial” denotations 2 1.2.3. Access to textual content 6 1.3. Reinforcement of GIR by contributions from NLP, reasoning and multicriteria IR 7 1.4. Toward the construction of a multicriteria IR engine 9 1.4.1. Challenges, hypotheses and research objectives 10 1.4.2. Approach 11 1.4.3. Applications 13 CHAPTER 2. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL IN TEXTUAL CORPORA 17 2.1. Introduction 17 2.2. Review of challenges, hypotheses and research objectives 18 2.3. Spatial and temporal information in textual documents: literature review 19 2.3.1. Geographic information in text and IR 19 2.3.2. Named entities 19 2.3.3. Modeling languages 21 2.3.4. Reasoning 24 2.3.5. Linguistic processing 26 2.3.6. GIR: systems and similarity measure models 27 2.3.7. Evaluation campaigns, corpora and resources 31 2.3.8. Summary 34 2.4. Proposition for spatial and temporal information indexing and retrieval in textual corpora 35 2.4.1. Reminder and focus on the notion of space and time in “heritage” corpora 35 2.4.2. Core spatial model and core temporal model 36 2.4.3. Spatial and temporal relations 37 2.4.4. Spatial and temporal indexing process flows: PIV prototype 39 2.4.5. Spatial and temporal IR: PIV prototype 42 2.4.6. Evaluation and discussion 45 2.5. Summary 47 2.5.1. Contributions 47 2.5.2. Perspectives 49 CHAPTER 3. MULTICRITERIA INFORMATION RETRIEVAL IN TEXTUAL CORPORA 53 3.1. Introduction 53 3.2. Review of challenges, hypotheses and research objectives 54 3.3. Standardization and combination of criteria: literature review 56 3.3.1. Criterion standardization 56 3.3.2. Combination of criteria 58 3.3.3. Summary and positioning of a partially compensatory GIR 64 3.4. Proposition for indexing by tiling and multicriteria IR in textual corpora 65 3.4.1. Standardization by tiling 65 3.4.2. Spatial and temporal IR applied to tiling: PIV2 70 3.4.3. Multicriteria IR applied to tiling: PIV3 72 3.5. Evaluation and discussion 77 3.5.1. Evaluation framework of geographic IRSs: proposal for a test collection and an experimental protocol 78 3.5.2. Evaluation of the spatial and temporal IR applied to tiling 79 3.5.3. Evaluation of the multicriteria IR applied to tiling 81 3.6. Summary 84 3.6.1. Contributions 84 3.6.2. Perspectives 86 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSION 87 4.1. Summary 87 4.1.1. Contributions to the access by geographic content to textual corpora 87 4.1.2. Spatial and temporal IR in texts 88 4.1.3. Multicriteria IR in texts 89 4.2. Perspectives 90 4.2.1. Intradimensional axis 92 4.2.2. Interdimensional axis 97 4.2.3. Expansion of the vocabulary for a qualitative representation of the geographic dimensions 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY 105 INDEX 123

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Book SynopsisStudying the Ocean Planet requires measuring and sampling instruments to feed models that take into account its complexity. This book presents the diversity of observation and monitoring techniques at various scales, but also different kinds of model that take into account some conceptual schemes incorporating various scientific knowledge. Sampling is approached via the efficiency of fishing gears; underwater acoustics is used to detect, count, identify and listen to live and mobile living resources. Bio-logging allows us to rely on the behavior of marine animals to help investigate environments that are difficult to sample by conventional means, while listing the physiological changes they undergo. Modeling is presented not only in a functional framework, but also in an exploratory design incorporating various scenarios for ecosystem changes under the pressure of global change. This ninth volume completes the "Seas and Oceans" Set that adopts a transversal approach leading to the governance and sustainable management of the marine environment.Table of ContentsForeword xi Chapter 1. For a Systemic and Transdisciplinary Approach to the Environment 1André MONACO, Patrick PROUZET and Patrick VINCENT 1.1. Introduction 1 1.2. A complex and vulnerable ocean system 4 1.3. Suitable observation tools 9 1.3.1. For a systemic vision of the ocean 10 1.3.2. To assess our vulnerability to global change 11 1.3.3. The contribution of operational oceanography 13 1.3.4. New technologies applied to the living world 15 1.4. Conclusion 16 1.5. Acknowledgments 17 1.6. Bibliography 17 Chapter 2. Vulnerability to Global Change: Observation Strategies for the Marine Environment 19Patrick FARCY, Gilles REVERDIN and Philippe BERTRAND 2.1. Introduction 19 2.2. Marine environment observation strategies 20 2.2.1. Parameters to measure 21 2.2.2. Measurement techniques with wide-ranging applications 25 2.3. Some large observation domains 28 2.3.1. The open sea 28 2.3.2. The coastal and littoral ocean 30 2.3.3. The ocean floor: substratum and population 36 2.4. Satellite contribution to observation strategies 42 2.5. In situ observation 45 2.5.1. Lagrangian measurements at the surface and in the water column 45 2.5.2. Eulerian measurements 56 2.5.3. Other significant parameters 60 2.6. Observation strategies 64 2.6.1. The “observatory” approach 64 2.6.2. Some examples of the complementariness of the measurements taken by networks 66 2.6.3. What’s the point of modeling? 67 2.7. What next? 69 2.8. Bibliography 72 Chapter 3. Fishing Technology for Fisheries Research 75Pascal LARNAUD and Benoit VINCENT 3.1. Introduction 75 3.2. The methods employed to measure selectivity 77 3.2.1. What is selectivity? 77 3.2.2. The tools employed to measure meshes 79 3.2.3. The case of trawls 81 3.2.4. Fishing nets and other gear 89 3.3. The tools and observation methods of fishing gear 94 3.3.1. Hydrodynamic tank test 95 3.3.2. Submarine video recording 99 3.3.3. Measurement tools in the domain of fishing technology 103 3.4. Computer simulation tools 104 3.5. Perspectives 108 3.6. Bibliography 109 Chapter 4. Acoustics to Detect and Measure Underwater Organisms 113Verena TRENKEL, Aude PACINI and Laurent BERGER 4.1. Introduction 113 4.1.1. Physical principles of underwater acoustics 113 4.1.2. Instruments 117 4.2. How animals use acoustics 120 4.2.1. Marine mammals 121 4.2.2. Fish 123 4.2.3. Other marine animals 124 4.3. How researchers use acoustics 124 4.3.1. Widening the observation scope 124 4.3.2. Describing animal behavior 126 4.3.3. Estimating fish abundance 128 4.3.4. Ecosystem indicators 130 4.3.5. Seafloor and benthic habitat characterization 131 4.3.6. Quantifying the impact of human activities on ecosystems 131 4.4. Practical uses of acoustics 132 4.4.1. Equipment 132 4.4.2. Carrying out a research cruise 135 4.4.3. Data processing 137 4.4.4. Advantages and drawbacks of acoustics 139 4.5. Acknowledgments 140 4.6. Bibliography 140 Chapter 5. “Bio-logging” as a Tool to Study and Monitor Marine Ecosystems, or How to Spy on Sea Creatures 143Yann TREMBLAY and Sophie BERTRAND 5.1. Introduction 143 5.2. The variety of sensors and measurements 144 5.2.1. Position measurements 144 5.2.2. Physiological measurements 147 5.2.3. Behavioral measurements 147 5.2.4. Environmental measurements 148 5.2.5. Presence measurements 149 5.3. Attachment methods: limits and ethics 150 5.4. Current challenges 152 5.5. Some examples of discoveries resulting from bio-logging 153 5.5.1. The marine field is huge, and yet… 153 5.5.2. To adjust, yes, but how? 154 5.5.3. Animals as oceanographers 156 5.5.4. The impact of oceanographic structures 156 5.5.5. Interactions with fisheries, their management and conservation 157 5.6. Conclusion 161 5.7. Bibliography 162 Chapter 6. Modeling Strategies for Ecosystems 175Cédric BACHER and Nathalie NIQUIL 6.1. Definition of mathematical modeling 175 6.1.1. Introduction 175 6.1.2. The main currents of ecological modeling 177 6.2. Mathematical formalization 178 6.2.1. State variables, process variables and the equation of state 178 6.2.2. Functional responses 180 6.2.3. Simplified food web 187 6.3. Metabolic foundations of population dynamics 192 6.3.1. Metabolic laws 192 6.3.2. Population and communities 197 6.4. Modeling complexity 199 6.4.1. Introduction 199 6.4.2. From NPZD to trophodynamic models 203 6.4.3. Static holistic models 204 6.5. Conclusion 209 6.5.1. The ideal of end-to-end models 209 6.5.2. To find out more 210 6.6. Acknowledgments 212 6.7. Bibliography 212 Chapter 7. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries: Reconciling Conservation and Exploitation 221Philippe CURY, Arnaud BERTRAND, Sophie BERTRAND, Marta COLL, Philippe GROS, Souad KIFANI, François Le LOCH, Olivier MAURY, Frédéric MENARD, Florent RENAUD, Lynn SHANNON and Yunne-Jai SHIN 7.1. The ecosystem approach to fisheries: a shared view on the management of marine resources 221 7.1.1. The challenges of the ecosystem approach 221 7.1.2. Three bodies of the United Nations structure the ecosystem approach to global fisheries 223 7.1.3. The complex matter of scientific issues supporting governance 233 7.2. The way marine ecosystems work 236 7.2.1. Bottom-up, top-down and wasp-wait controls 236 7.2.2. Trophic relationships in marine ecosystems 248 7.3. EAF and research on marine ecosystems 256 7.3.1. Quantifying ecological interactions 256 7.3.2. Understanding spatial dynamics 258 7.3.3. Modeling as a tool to integrate knowledge 262 7.4. Ecological indicators Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) 271 7.4.1. Three current levels of organization: international, national and regional 273 7.4.2. The ecosystem approach of the MSFD 274 7.4.3. The assessment of food webs 275 7.5. Implementing the EAF: the Benguela and Humboldt examples 278 7.5.1. Benguela 278 7.5.2. The Humboldt 283 7.6. Dynamic approaches to the ecosystem management of fisheries 289 7.7. Bibliography 290 Chapter 8. Modeling in Contemporary Sciences: Efficiency and Limits Examples from Oceanography 313Alain PAVÉ 8.1. Introduction 313 8.2. A language to describe reality 314 8.3. Relationships between models and reality 315 8.4. What about marine ecological systems and their management? 323 8.5. Interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity and modeling 329 8.5. Bibliography 332 List of Authors 337 Index 339

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Book SynopsisA comprehensive manual that examines the systems available for data capture and photogrammetic processing, and provides an opportunity for readers to apply photo-interpretation, reconnaissance and photomapping techniques to many planning, resource harvesting, pollution prevention, civil engineering, disaster mitigation and containment requirements. Included within the 12 chapters are the principles of digital systems, digital aerial photography, cameras, survey-camera mountings, survey navigation, GPS and (d)GPS systems. In addition there is sound coverage of soft-copy photogrammetry, gorund survey control and a final chapter devoted to typical digital air surveys worldwide.Table of ContentsA brief history of aerial survey; Principles of digital aerial photography; Sensors for aerial photography; Digital camera systems; Digital cameras for aerial photography; Survey aircraft, camera mounts and intervalometers; Survey flight management: tracing, GPS, mission planning; Digital survey planning and logistics; Photo-interpretation, objective analysis and image quality; Ground control acquisition; Principles and methods of digital photogrammetry; Digital survey missions: profiles and their applications; Appendix A: Unit conversions; Appendix B: Binary and ASCII codes; Appendix C: Suppliers, manufacturers and institutes; Appendix D: Air survey computer programs; Glossary; Bibliography; Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book contributes to the transformative and revolutionary use of small, unmanned vehicle systems for three-dimensional geospatial data acquisition and mapping, which is considered to be a paradigm shift in the science and technology of geomatics. The book presents a systematic and comprehensive approach for the use of small mobile unmanned systems for robotic geomatics research and applications. Emphasis is placed on aerial unmanned mapping systems as aerial data collection provides better perspective and coverage of an area, and offers the ability for targeted coverage.

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Book SynopsisFully automated interpretation and understanding of remotely sensed data by a computer has been a challenge for many decades, and many approaches have been developed over the years. Significant advances in knowledge-based image understanding, machine learning and artificial intelligence has led to this topic being the focus of much research in recent years. This book highlights the different theoretical and application-oriented aspects and potential solutions to the topic of automated remote sensing data analysis. Thereby, both classical knowledge-based as well as modern machine learning-oriented concepts are described. A field such as this is specialized and dynamic and also interdisciplinary and multilayered. Written by an international team of experts, the book has therefore been split into parts dealing with the concepts and applications, and the focus is on elucidating the complementarity of different lines of research rather than providing the complete set of scientific approaches.Part A of this book gives insight into the basic theories and concepts of feature extraction, image understanding and the respective assessment strategies as well as into geometric, radiometric and sensor-related fundamentals of remote sensing technology. Part B focuses on various scientific and practical applications of remote sensing data analysis. These range from the automatic detailed reconstruction of complex 3D environments to visual tracking of objects in image sequences as well as monitoring natural and anthropogenic long-term processes on a regional scale. Part C sketches recent trends in automatic analysis of remote sensing data.Table of ContentsPart A: Methodology Introduction; Object, data and sensor modelling; Feature extraction from images and point clouds: Fundamentals, advances and trends; A short survey on supervised classification in remote; Context-based classification; Toward a framework for quality assessment in remote sensing applicationsPart B: Application From raw 3D point clouds to semantic objects; Traffic extraction and characterization from optical remote sensing data; Object extraction in image sequences; A process-based model approach to predict future land-use changes and link biodiversity with soil erosion in Chile; Interferometric SAR Image analysis for 3D building reconstruction; Detection and classification of collapsed buildings after a strong earthquake by means of laser scanning and image analysis; A settlement process analysis in coastal Benin - confronting scarce data availability in developing countriesPart C: Conclusion Benchmarking - a basic requirement for effective performance evaluation; Remote sensing and computer vision image analysis: summary and recent trends

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Book SynopsisThis book provides a visual reconstruction of Palmyra, a World Heritage Site situated in Syria, which flourished in Greco-Roman times. Palmyra is situated in a desert oasis and served as a vibrant caravan station on the Silk Road connecting the Roman world with the East. It has been called 'the Queen of the Desert' and 'Venice of the Sands'.In 2015-2017 the city was conquered by ISIS who destroyed its monuments and museum, also killing several of its inhabitants. Their aim was to erase the memory and identity of the place, its people and our common heritage. However, through the use of modern technology including photogrammetry, digital imagery and 3D modelling, it has been possible to recreate the documented monuments, thus overcoming to some extent the trauma, cultural destruction and loss. The book unveils the rediscovery of the site by the West and revives and reconstructs the ancient city through images and history. The reader is taken through the spectacular city and its past by providing the information to follow the roots and development of the site, its monuments and its people through the ages, including rulers such as Queen Zenobia. The combination of visualization and written accounts interlink the environment and its people, the monuments and archaeological small finds by using ancient written sources, old photographs, new imagery, 3D models and 3D printing. Thus this ancient site and its past is revived in multiple dimensions. Monuments are visualized as digitally reconstructed ruins or as complete virtual models. This text is therefore the perfect guide for readers who wish to immerse themselves visually in the history of the area and to discover more about the archaeology and its preservation using diverse methods employing modern technology.Trade Review`...richly illustrated with countless photographs, maps, drawings and 3D models. ...one of the biggest strengths of this book is its holistic approach, the wide range of sources used and identifying many themes and issues relevant to the study of the heritage of Palmyra and its broader context. ...authors do a marvellous job in illustrating the long continuity and multiculturalism of Palmyra. ...a well researched and comprehensive overview of Palmyra...' International Journal of Heritage Studies-------------------'...provides a detailed description of the site of Palmyra, documenting images of the site recorded through the ages. It is richly illustrated with many colour photographs, and drawings that represent the evidence used for reconstructions in an appealing way...it should appeal to readers interested in the history of Palmyra and the extent of the damage it has sustained in the ongoing Syrian Civil War'. AntiquityTable of ContentsIntroducing the memory of the place; Approaching Palmyra from air, space and by land; Revealing cities beneath cities; Individual, families and tribes in inscriptions and images; Palmyra's destiny between Rome and Persia; The Temple of Bel at the core of Palmyra; The Triumphal Arch and the Grand Colonnade; Sacred and public spaces along the Grand Colonnade; The tombs for the eternal souls of Palmyreans; The Camp of Diocletian, the Christian Basilicas and the Arab Citadel; Appendix - The documentation of the architectural heritage by spherical photogrammetry

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