Environmental chemistry Books

Book SynopsisTHE PHENOMENAL SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER ''Science writing at its best. If only chemistry had been like this at school'' Matt Ridley ____________________ Everything in the universe is made of them, including you. Like you, the elements have personalities, attitudes, talents, shortcomings, stories rich with meaning. Here you''ll meet iron that rains from the heavens and noble gases that light the way to vice. You''ll learn how lead can tell your future while zinc may one day line your coffin. You''ll discover what connects the bones in your body with the Whitehouse in Washington, the glow of a streetlamp with the salt on your dinner table. Unlocking their astonishing secrets and colourful pasts, Periodic Tales is a voyage of wonder and discovery, showing that their stories are inextricable from the stories of our own lives. ____________________ ''A love letter to the chemical elements. Aldersey-Williams is full of good stories and he knows how to tell them well'' Sunday Telegraph ''The history, science, art, literature and everyday applications of all the elements from aluminium to zinc'' The Times ''Great fun to read and an endless fund of unlikely and improbable anecdotes'' Financial TimesTrade ReviewScience writing at its best ... fascinating and beautiful ... if only chemistry had been like this at school ... to meander through the periodic table with him ... is like going round a zoo with Gerald Durrell ... a rich compilation of delicious tales, but it offers greater rewards, too -- Matt RidleyImmensely engaging and continually makes one sit up in ­surprise * Sunday Times *Splendid ... enjoyable and polished * Observer *Full of good stories and he knows how to tell them well ... an agreeable jumble of anecdote, reflection and information * Sunday Telegraph *Great fun to read and an endless fund of unlikely and improbable anecdotes ... sharp and often witty * Financial Times *A joyous romp through the chemical elements * Today, BBC Radio 4 *Not only a cultural history of the elements, it is also a lament to the loss of science as a hobby * Economist *A flashily brainy book, crammed with literary references and held together by a personal quest to collect as many elements as possible * Telegraph *'Elements are fun' is the essential premise of Hugh Aldersey-Williams's new book and by heck he's right ... Aldersey-Williams mourns the fact chemistry isn't really sexy any more; Periodic Tales is a step towards it getting its mojo back * Metro **** *Imaginative and fun ... almost every page yields a nugget * Nature *

Read more less

Book SynopsisA very wide range of gradients of temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, salinity, current velocity, depth, productivity, altitude and latitude have been exploited, by at least some chironomid species, and in grossly polluted environments chironomids may be the only insects present.Trade Review...well-organized..well-edited...comprehensive overview... - Journal of PaleolimnologyTable of ContentsIntroduction. Taxonmomy, morphology and biogeography. Morphology. Systematics. Biogeography. Biology, behaviour and ecology. Biology of the eggs and first-instar larvae. The habitats of chironomid larvae. Larval food and feeding behaviour. The pupa and events leading to eclosion. Behaviour and ecology of adults. Life cycles and population dynamics. Production ecology. Species interactions and community structure. Interactions with humans. Nuisance, economic impact and possiblities for control. Medical significance. Classification of water-bodies and pollution. Chironomids as indicators of past environmental change. Chironomidae as food. Conclusions. References. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis detailed volume examines the complex study of the assessment of in situ bioavailability and toxicity of organic chemicals in aquatic systems with a toolbox of reliable techniques. Beginning with a section on approaches for chemical analytical and bioanalytical techniques in bioavailability research, the book continues with methods to monitor effects in situ and conduct bioassays to assess the effects of complex environmental samples. It concludes with descriptions of various computational models. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, chapters feature the kind of expert implementation advice that leads to greater success in the field. Authoritative and versatile, In Situ Bioavailability and Toxicity of Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Systems serves as an ideal guide to aid in tackling the challenge of analyzing and understanding chemical pollution in aquatic systems. Table of ContentsPart I: Chemical Analytical and Bioanalytical Techniques in Bioavailability Research: Passive Sampling/Dosing and Bioaccumulation Assessments 1. Equilibrium Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Sediments Gesine Witt, Julia Bachtin, and Sabine Schäfer 2. Passive Sampling of Waterborne Contaminants Branislav Vrana, Foppe Smedes, and Klára Hilscherová 3. Using Tenax Extractable Concentrations to Determine the Bioavailable Contaminant Fraction in Sediments Amanda D. Harwood and Samuel A. Nutile 4. Quantifying Bioaccumulation in the Aquatic Environment Katrine Borgå and Anders Ruus Part II: Monitoring of Effects In Situ and Bioassays to Assess the Effects of Complex Environmental Samples 5. In Situ Determination of Genotoxic Effects in Fish Erythrocytes Using Comet and Micronucleus Assays Paula Suares Rocha, Björn Deutschmann, and Henner Hollert 6. Assessing Adverse Effects of Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Fish Using Biomarker Analysis and Histopathology in Active Monitoring Scenarios Amaia Orbea, Eider Bilbao, and Miren P. Cajaraville 7. In Situ Exposure of Aquatic Invertebrates to Detect the Effects of Point and Non-Point Source-Related Chemical Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems Mirco Bundschuh and Ralf Schulz 8. Whole Sediment Toxicity Bioassay to Determine Bioavailability and Effects of Aquatic Contaminants Using Zebrafish Embryos Sabrina Schiwy, Mirna Velki, and Henner Hollert 9. Nematode-Based Effect Assessment in Freshwater Sediments Arne Haegerbaeumer, Sebastian Höss, and Walter Traunspurger Part III: Computational Models for Interspecies Comparison and Extrapolation from the Lab to the Field 10. In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation to Predict Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Chemicals in Fish Using Physiologically-Based Toxicokinetic Models Julita Stadnicka-Michalak and Kristin Schirmer 11. Cross-Species Extrapolation Using a Simplifed In Vitro Tissue Explant Assay in Fish Bryanna Eisner, Jon Doering, Shawn Beitel, and Markus Hecker 12. Extrapolation of Laboratory-Measured Effects to Fish Populations in the Field Charles R.E. Hazlerigg

Read more less

Book SynopsisFrom an astute observer of business behavior and expert in climate denial comes a thought-provokingexplanation of how corporations delay, distract, and deflect blame and spread disinformation surrounding health issues, pollution, and climate change.?Brilliantly subversive and witty. If you want to be a vile, greedy capitalist, this how-to book will be a great help. And if you want to identify vile, greedy capitalists, it will show you how to recognize them. A landmark book.? ?Brian EnoAre you a corporation out to make your fortune at any cost? Are you worried about ?facts? and ?experts? getting in the way of your profits? Do you wish you could make scientists, journalists, and anyone who asks questions about your suspect business practices disappear? Now you can.Whether you are selling tobacco, dealing in oil, or pushing pharmaceuticals, denying climate change or exploiting workers, The Playbook is here to help you obfuscate your way to what you want. Including how to: Massage the statistics to suit your needs. Or, even better, fund studies to make up some new onesAttract and cultivate university professors who have an axe to grind and are short of cashMake your problem somebody else?s problem?ideally the government?sRemember: Tame journalists, PR firms, think tanks, lawyers, and threats of physical violence are your friends!Follow these rules and you are guaranteed to make a killing. It?s economic sense, after all.

Read more less

Book SynopsisReviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.Table of ContentsEnvironmental Impact of Pesticides in Egypt.- Biodegradation of Perfluorinated Compounds.- Lead Stress Effects on Physiobiochemical Activities of Higher Plants.- Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Carbaryl.- Managing Hazardous Pollutants in Chile: Arsenic.- Atrazine Interaction with Estrogen Expression Systems.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe chemical element mercury is the only metal that is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. It is an extremely rare element in the Earth''s crust with an average abundance of only 80 parts per billion. However, where mercury ores do occur they can by very concentrated containing up to 2.5% mercury by mass. The use of these ores, and of mercury itself, by humans has a long history mercury was found in Egyptian tombs dating from 1500 BC. This book attempts to cover recent developments and the current state-of-the-art relating to many aspects of mercury science. The contributions made by the author teams encompass diverse fields of mercury science such as the monitoring of mercury in various environmental media and the management of mercury in the earth''s ecological system. Efforts have also been made to provide detailed insights into developments in novel chemistry involving mercury and its compounds. This book''s coverage is expanded further to cover the effect of mercury on animals and plants.

Read more less

Book SynopsisLife cycle assessment (LCA) is an established methodology used to quantify the environmental impacts of products, processes and services. Circular economy (CE) thinking is conceptual way of considering the impacts of consuming resources. By taking a closed loop approach, CE provides a framework for influencing behaviours and practices to minimise this impact. Development of the circular economy is a crucial component in the progression towards future sustainability. This book provides a robust systematic approach to the circular economy concept, using the established methodology of LCA. Including chapters on circular economic thinking, the use of LCA as a metric and linking LCA to the wider circular economy, this book utilises case studies to illustrate the approaches to LCA. With contributions from researchers worldwide, Life Cycle Assessment provides a practical, global guide for those who wish to use LCA as a research tool or to inform policy, process, and product improvement.Table of ContentsForeword; Introduction; The Circular Economy: Concept, Tools and Implementation; LCA as a metric for circular economy; Case study: Steel; Case study: Cement; Case study: manufacturing; Case study: plastics/sythetic fibre; Case study: textiles; Case study: emerging bio-based materials; Case study: paper/packaging; Case study: agricultural crop production; Case Study: livestock production; Case study: transport (fuel/biofuel); Case study: renewable energy; Linking LCA methodology to the wider circular economy

Read more less

Book SynopsisChemical analysis requires solvents, reagents and energy and generates waste. The main goal of green analytical chemistry is to avoid or reduce the undesirable environmental side effects of chemical analysis, while preserving the classic analytical parameters of accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity and precision. This book portrays the current and changing situation concerning adoption of the principles of green chemistry as applied to analysis. It begins by looking at the advantages of and problems associated with on-site analysis and how analytical techniques can lead to increased productivity, efficiency and accuracy, and thereby reduce the consumption of materials. It then focuses on sample preparation techniques minimising solvent consumption or using alternative solvents, concepts and methods of improving the ‘greenness’ of instrumental analysis where miniaturization is an important part, separation methods from the perspective of green analytical chemistry and chemometrics approaches, which can reduce or can even remove the need for conventional steps in chemical analysis. Aimed at graduates and novices just entering the field, managers of analytical research laboratories, teachers of analytical chemistry and green public policy makers, this title will be a useful addition to any analytical scientist's library.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Green Chemistry; Concepts and Trends in Green Analytical Chemistry; Greening Sample Treatment; Green Instrumental Analysis; Separation Methods in Analytical Chemistry; Greening Analytical Chemistry by Chemometrics; Conclusions

Read more less

Book SynopsisAnthropogenic radionuclides have been introduced into the environment by incidents such as nuclear weapon tests, accidents in nuclear power plants, transport accidents and accidental or authorised discharges from nuclear facilities. Scientists need accurate analysis of these radionuclides in order to estimate the risk to the public from released radioactivity. This book is a snapshot of the work of leading scientists from across the globe on environmental radiochemistry and radioecology, nuclear forensics and radiation detection, radioanalytical techniques and nuclear industry applications. The research contributions were first presented at the 13th International Symposium on Nuclear and Environmental Radiochemical Analysis in September 2018. This essential work provides a key reference for graduates and professionals who work across fields involving analytical chemistry, radiochemistry, environmental science and technology, and waste disposal.Table of ContentsEnvironmental Radiochemistry and Radioecology; Nuclear Forensics and Radiation Detection; Radioanalytical Techniques; Nuclear Industry Applications; Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisBillions of people globally live under conditions of water stress and water shortage, or with contaminated water sources. Anthropogenic contaminants pose an extra challenge as water purification technology must be constantly developed or upgraded to deal with newly fabricated pollutants. One of the UN sustainable development goals is to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Therefore, it is vital to develop novel materials and technologies for producing clean drinking water in a human safe, economically reasonable and environmentally sustainable way. Novel Materials and Water Purification introduces recent approaches to the fabrication of novel materials for water purification and discusses several significant applications including removal of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. This is a timely work of high interest to researchers and learners in the fields of water science, water management and materials science.Table of ContentsBiomaterials for Water Purification: Dyes, Heavy Metals, and Pharmaceuticals;Sustainable Synthesis of Green Novel Materials for Water Purification;MXene-based Separation Membranes for Water Purification and Desalination;Advanced Nanomaterials for Removal of Emerging Organic Pollutants From Water;Magnetic Adsorbents/Photocatalysts for Water Purification: Progress and Challenges;Nanocellulose-based Membranes for Water Purification: Multifunctional Nanocellulose Extraction, Characterization, Modification Strategies, and Current Release in Water Treatment and Environmental Remediation;Graphene-based Materials for Water Remediation: Recent Advances on Pollutant Sorption, Photodegradation and Filtration;Responsive Polymeric Materials: Advances in Membrane-based Technologies for Water Treatment Processes;Graphene-based Engineered Macrostructures for Water Purification;Textile Azo Dye Removal Using a Quaternary Ammonium Anion Exchanger Prepared from Sugarcane Bagasse;Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Water Purification;Factors Influencing TiO2-based Composites for Water Decolorization: A Systematic Review;Enviro-friendly Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Utilization for Water Purification

Read more less

Book SynopsisFunctional and structural nanomaterials are emerging materials that display interesting physical and chemical properties because of their size and surface area to volume ratio. Applications for these materials include uses in removing pollutants from the environment. Looking at the current state-of-the-art as well as future trends in the use of nanomaterials for tackling environmental issues this book covers everything from the synthesis and characterisation of these materials to their use in the removal of specific contaminants. Functional Hybrid Nanomaterials for Environmental Remediation is a useful resource both for nanomaterial scientists interested in the real world application of hybrid nanomaterials and for environmental chemists and environmental engineers interested in novel materials for environmental remediation.Table of ContentsThe Role of Functional Nanomaterials for Wastewater Remediation; Synthesis of Functional Hybrid Nanomaterials Using Green Chemistry Approaches; Characterization of Functional Hybrid Nanomaterials; Nanomaterials and their Modification for Environmental Remediation; Polymer-based Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation; Magnetic Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation; Photocatalytic Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation; Antimicrobial Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation; Functional Nanocomposites for Heavy Metal Removal; Functional Nanocomposites for Groundwater Treatment; Functional Nanocomposites for Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Read more less

Book SynopsisMembrane technology has received great popularity in many industrial sectors and significantly enhanced our abilities to restructure production processes, protect the environment and public health, and provide competitive strategies for separation and purification. However, the need for sustainable development has imposed new targets for this technology, such as more effective/precise separation and stricter admissible limits for the discharge of contaminants into the environment. Focusing on hot topic environment-related applications, Advances in Functional Separation Membranes introduces emerging membranes nanoengineered with attractive functions and discusses their key features. It also provides a comprehensive guide to various design strategies for such functional membranes, making it useful reference for environmental chemists and membrane engineers alike.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Functional Membranes; Catalytic Membranes for Aqueous Contaminant Degradation and Separation; Electromembranes for Water Treatment Driven by Electricity; Advanced Membranes Functionalized with Carbon-based 2D Nanomaterials for Liquid Separation; Advanced Membranes Functionalized with Non-carbon-based 2D Nanomaterials for Liquid Separation; Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) for Gas Separation; Applications of Ionic Liquid-based Materials in Membrane-based Gas Separation; Omniphobic Membranes: Fundamentals, Materials, and Applications; Harnessing Janus Properties Towards Novel Membrane Applications; Supramolecular Membranes for Liquid Separation; 3D Printed Functional Membranes for Water Purification; Functional Membranes for Air Purification

Read more less

Book SynopsisRapid population growth, urbanisation and industrialisation have caused serious problems in terms of water pollution and the supply of safe water. Solutions for monitoring pollutants in water and for removing them are urgently needed and they must be both efficient and sustainable. Recent advances in emerging environmental nanotechnologies provide promising solutions for these issues. The physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials can be tailored by controlling attributes such as their size, shape, composition, and surface, so that they can be both highly specific and highly efficient. This makes them perfect platforms for a variety of environmental applications including sensing, treatment and remediation. Providing an array of cutting-edge nanotechnology research in water applications, including sensing, treatment, and remediation, as well as a discussion of progress in the rational design and engineering of nanomaterials for environmental applications, this book is a valuable reference for researchers working in applications for nanotechnology, environmental chemistry and environmental engineering as well as those working in the water treatment industry.Table of ContentsFunctionalized Metal Nanoclusters for Biosensing Applications; Label-free Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Water Pollutant Analysis; Merging of MOFs and Graphene Analogous: Strategies for Enhanced Sensing Properties; Nano Meets Membrane: Toward Enhancing the Performance of Water Treatment; Tuning Iron Oxide-based Nanomaterials as Next Generation Adsorbents for Environmental Applications; Novel Nanoadsorbents for the Separation of Hazardous Pollutants from Water; Application of Titanate Nanotubes for Water Treatment; Control of Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) Formation by Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs); Nanocatalyst-enabled Persulfate Activation for Water Decontamination and Purification; Fenton-like Nanocatalysts for Water Purification; Functional Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Oxidation Processes; Zero Valent Iron-induced Fenton-like Oxidation Towards Water Treatment; Photocatalysis for Water Treatment: From Nanoparticle to Single Atom, From Lab-scale to Industry-trial; The Potential Applications of MOF-based Materials in Wastewater Treatment; Engineering Biochars for Environmental Applications; Nanobubble Technology: Generation, Properties and Applications; The Different Toxicity and Mechanism of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Titanate Nanotubes (TNTs) on Escherichia coli

Read more less

Book SynopsisAdvanced oxidation processes (AOPs) use chemical treatment to remove contaminants from water by oxidation with hydroxyl radicals. These hydroxyl radicals can be produced using UV light, ozone or hydrogen peroxide, but recently reactions have been developed that use persulfates as the radical source. Persulfates are strong oxidants with flexible in situ activation characteristics, including activation with heat, alkali conditions, electricity, ultrasonic treatment, transition metals, carbon and even organics. Persulfate activation can generate sulfate radicals as well as other reactive species. These reactive species, especially the sulfate radical, can degrade most organic pollutants making them valuable in the fields of water purification, soil remediation, disinfection, sludge dewatering, and other important applications in environmental systems. Describing recent developments in persulfate-based AOPs, this book aims to provide a summary of environmental applications for persulfate-based AOPs and to guide the reader, in a comprehensive way, through various advanced oxidation processes in environmental applications. Topics include new activation methods, activation mechanisms, and advanced materials for use in activating persulfate-based AOPs for different environmental applications.Table of ContentsMethods of Persulfate Activation for Degradation of Pollutants: Fundamentals and Influencing Parameters; Photo-activated Persulfate-based Advanced Oxidation for Water Treatment; Electrochemical Activation of Persulfate for Organics Pollution Control in Water; The Reactive Oxygen Species in Catalytically Activated Peroxydisulfate; Heterogeneous Activation of Persulfate using Metal and Metal Oxides; Metal-free Carbocatalysis for Persulfate Activation toward Organic Oxidation; Persulfate-based Advanced Oxidation Processes in Environmental Remediation: Theoretical Chemistry Study; Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Disinfection; Inactivation of Pathogenic Microorganisms with Sulfate Radical-based Advanced Oxidation Process; Persulfate Application for Landfill Leachate Treatment: Current Status and Challenges; Novel Strategy for Soil Remediation of Contaminated Sites using Persulfate-based Advanced Oxidation Technologies; Persulfate-based Advanced Oxidation Processes in Other Applications

Read more less

Book SynopsisOzone has been actively and widely employed in water and wastewater treatment, but the utilization of ozone alone is insufficient for purifying and disinfecting water to the emission standard of real-world situations because of its selective oxidation behaviour. With the assistance of catalysts (especially heterogeneous catalysts) and coupling with other effective technologies such as the Fenton process, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, ultrasound, microwave, and ceramic membranes, ozone can be effectively activated into more powerful reactive oxygen species (especially hydroxyl radicals). These combined technologies lead to an enhanced efficiency and complete mineralization capability that open up the method for more practical applications. Advanced Ozonation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment introduces the state-of-the-art catalysts used in catalytic ozonation and various combined processes with ozone. The reaction mechanisms, process kinetics, structure–property–activity relationships of catalysts, effects of operation parameters in these processes and the present state of practical applications and future trends are also discussed, making this a useful reference both for water treatment professionals and for those researching ozonation processes.Table of ContentsHeterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation over Metal Oxides and Mechanism Discussion;Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation over Supported Metal Oxides;Catalytic Ozonation over Composite Metal Oxides;Catalytic Ozonation over Activated Carbon-based Materials;Catalytic Ozonation over Nanocarbon Materials;UVA Photocatalytic Ozonation of Water Contaminants;Visible-light-driven Photocatalytic Ozonation of Aqueous Organic Pollutants;Catalytic Peroxone Process and the Coupled Processes;Promising Electrocatalytic Ozonation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment;Catalytic Ozonation with Ultrasound;Hybrid Ceramic Membrane Catalytic Ozonation;Ozonation Nanobubble Technology

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe area of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and related materials is arguably one of the hottest interdisciplinary subjects spanning chemistry, materials science, physics and engineering. A primary reason for this major interest is the possibility of tuning the chemical and structural flexibility of these materials using an enormous variety of combinations of metal ions, bridging ligands, counter-ions and formation of hybrids and composites. Given the recent developments in this area, including the emergence of MOFs whose applications and functional properties has led to their commercialisation, the unique format of the Faraday Discussions allows for in-depth discussions across the full scope of this interdisciplinary field, from pioneering synthesis and design to commercial viability in the marketplace. This volume brings together internationally leading researchers interested in the interdisciplinary field of MOFs to explore and exchange ideas on recent developments and future possibilities. In this volume the topics covered are organised into the following themes: Fundamental studies and design of MOFs Applications of MOFs Theory and modelling of MOFs Commercialisation of MOFsTable of ContentsFundamental studies and design of MOFs; Applications of MOFs; Theory and modelling of MOFs; Commercialisation of MOFs

Read more less

Book SynopsisNanopollutants are nanoparticles that have escaped into the environment and can include engineered nanoparticles as well as nanoparticles that are products of degradation (e.g. nanoplastics) or other processes. As many of these particles are only recently developed or described there is still a lot to learn about where they come from, where they end up and what risks they pose to health and the environment. Offering a wide overview of the most recent research on these emerging contaminants, from the investigation of their sources and fate to the analytical developments for their detection and analysis, this book gives the reader a full picture of the global research on engineered and natural nanoparticles in the environment. Taking a forward-looking perspective with chapters on new nanopollutants, regulatory direction and occurrence in different environmental compartments, this book is a great resource for anyone working in environmental chemistry, nanoscience or environmental regulation.Table of ContentsOccurrence of ENPs and Nanoplastics in Different Environmental Compartments: An Overview;Radioactive Nano- and Microparticles Released from Fukushima Daiichi: Technical Challenges of Multiple Analytic Techniques;Biomass Burning in Southeast Asia and Influences on Atmospheric Nanoparticles;Investigation of Airborne Nanoparticles: The Focus on Analytical Chemistry;Phytoplankton Controls on the Transformations of Metal-containing Nanoparticles in an Aquatic Environment;The Composition of the Eco-corona Acquired by Micro- and Nanoscale Plastics Impacts on their Ecotoxicity and Interactions with Co-pollutants;Effects of Nanoplastics on Aquatic Organisms;Fate and Behaviour of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment: A Case on Graphene and Graphene Oxide;Fate and Transport of Engineered Nanoparticles in Porous Media; Uptake, Accumulation, and Transformation of Metal-based Nanoparticles in Plants;Interaction of Nanoparticles with Environmental Pollutants;Sampling and Pre-treatment in Nanoparticle Analysis in Water;Separation Systems Coupled to ICP-MS for the Analysis of Metal-based Nanoparticles and Colloids;Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: A Valuable Tool in Environmental Analysis;Stable Isotope Labelling and Tracing of Engineered Nanomaterials;Dosimetry and Imaging of Micro and Nanoparticles by Means of High Resolution Techniques;Imaging of Nanopollutants at a Sub-cellular Resolution by Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry;Study on Behaviour and Toxicology of Nanomaterials by Synchrotron Radiation Technology;The Challenge of the Analysis of Nanoplastics in the Environment: Current Status and Perspectives;European Union Legislation Addressing Environment, Health and Safety Aspects of Nanomaterials

Read more less

Book SynopsisGlobally, 2.1 billion people live without access to safe water, and about 159 million people collect their drinking water directly from surface water sources. This issue is particularly prominent in water-stressed areas, such as India, which has a rural population of around 700 million, 63 million of whom do not have access to clean water. Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs), of both a chemical and biological nature, are increasingly being detected in wastewater effluents around the world. Chemical CECs include pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, hormones, and endocrine disruptors, and biological CECs include antibiotic resistant bacteria, pathogenic protozoans, and viruses. New technologies to remove the contaminants from water are urgently needed and photochemical approaches offer an exciting array of possibilities. Covering chemical analysis, molecular biology methods and computational approaches important for the elucidation of mechanisms and evaluation of photochemical processes, this book presents advanced photochemical processes for the removal of CECs from water. Readers will find chapters on advanced photochemical treatment prototypes and pilot plants, and discussions on translation from lab to field-scale implementation. Examples include highly transparent materials, integrated membranes, adsorbents, and photocatalysts for enhancing the photochemical processes by direct sunlight induced reactions, photo-Fenton, and photo-electrochemical reactions. Discussing both the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, this book is a great resource both for academics researching photocatalytic processes and for water treatment professionals.Table of ContentsAdvanced Chemical Extraction and Detection Methods Applied in the Photochemical Treatment Methods for Removal of CECs from Different Water Matrices;Transformation Mechanism of Organic CECs by Photochemical Oxidation Processes: Insights from Mass Spectrometry;Understanding the Emergence and Mobility of Antibiotic Resistance in a Wastewater Microbiome Using an Advanced Genomic Approach and Advanced Photochemical Water Treatment;Modelling Photochemical Processes for Water Disinfection;Design and Evaluation of Large-volume Transparent Plastic Containers for Water Remediation by Solar Disinfection;Action Mechanisms of Electro-Fenton and Photo-Electro-Fenton Processes for Pathogen and Organic Microcontaminant Removal;Photo-electro-catalytic Processes for the Degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Water;Removal of the Waterborne Protozoan Parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia by Photochemical Processes, Ultrasound and Adsorption onto Granular Activated Carbon;Integration of Membrane Technology with Advanced Oxidation Process for Efficient Treatment of CECs;Recent Advancement in Carbonaceous Materials for Integrated Adsorption: Photo-degradation of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater;Advanced UV LEDs-based Photolytic Treatment for Removal of Microbial and Organic CEC in Water;Photo- and Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide for Advanced Oxidation Processes;Cost Analysis of Photochemical and Other Advanced Processes for Graywater Treatment;Circular Economy in Wastewater: Evaluating Emerging Contaminants-removal Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Read more less

Book SynopsisPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of human-made chemicals that are used in a wide range of consumer and industrial products. They are under intense scrutiny due to environmental concerns and there is a call to ban new PFASs entering the market. That said, this book is not intended to wave the banner against PFASs per se; rather it provides a balanced overview of the field, from basic synthesis through to applications, why some current PFASs are and may remain the right substance for the job, as well as addressing the challenges and alternatives. Covering organofluorine chemistry to fluoropolymers and their applications in various sectors from biomedical to agrochemical, energy and electrical industries, this book is a solid introduction to the topic and demonstrates why fluorinated products are still useful in many domains. With risk assessment and alternatives to PFASs included, it provides a considered account of both the positive applications of PFASs and the pressing environmental concerns. Suitable for academics and industrial practitioners working in the fields of organic and macromolecular chemistries, it will also appeal to end-users who want to learn about the technology, applications and elimination or recycling of such fluorinated products.Table of ContentsPFAS Regulations: Past and Present and Their Impact on Fluoropolymers;Poly/Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFASs) – Synthetic Methods, Properties and Applications;Perfluoroalkyl Compounds for Industrial and Other Applications;Difluoromethyl 2-Pyridyl Sulfone: A Versatile Reagent for the Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds;Surface Properties and Biological Effects of Fluoroether Surfactants;Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs): A History of Synthesis;Understanding Aqueous Film-forming Foam Components;Fluorinated Ionic Liquids: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications;Fluorine in Medicine;Perfluoroalkylated Biomolecules for Medicinal Chemistry and Biological Studies;Perfluoroalkyl-containing Compounds as a Tool for Drug Delivery Systems;Progress in the Detection and Quantification of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Surface Water;Mineralization of Next-generation Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances by Use of Superheated Water;Use of Vinylidene Fluoride (VDF) Telomers to Obtain Well-architectured Fluoropolymers, and Their Applications

Read more less

Book SynopsisGas and liquid-phase unimolecular reactions are central to the complex chemistry of a large number of processes, from those occurring in the Earth’s atmosphere to those involved in transportation, power and manufacturing. Improving our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of these processes is critical to solving contemporary challenges such as climate change, as well as improving industrial efficiency. One hundred years have passed since the proposal of the Lindemann mechanism in 1922, and the current state of this field is as exciting and important as ever. The unique format of the Faraday Discussions allows for in-depth discussions across the full scope of the field, from new perspectives in kinetics and dynamics to application to current challenges such as atmospheric pollution, alternative fuels and industrial processes. This volume brings together global leaders to examine the current state of unimolecular reaction experiments as well as theory and applications to current challenges. In this volume the topics covered are organised into the following themes: Collisional energy transfer The reaction step The Master Equation Impact of Lindemann and related theoriesTable of ContentsCollisional energy transfer;The reaction step;The Master Equation;Impact of Lindemann and related theories

Read more less

Book SynopsisIndigenous women from across the Pacific - Hawai'i, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Marianas, Guam, Belau, Fiji, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and Te Ao Maohi/Tahiti Polynesia - have a voice in this book. For most of the world, the tiny island nations of the Pacific are barely known, but the events that have taken place in those nations during the twentieth century have global consequences. Without understanding that history, the world will be doomed to repeat those mistakes.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book addresses the consequences of high agricultural pesticide use over the last few decades in the form of organophosphate poisoning. The authors provide a background overview of organophosphate compounds, their environmental toxicity, non-target exposures and cases of human poisoning. The authors also compile and analyze data from the last two decades to demonstrate the toxicological aspects of organophosphates, and how they can pose a threat to human health. Readers will learn about the clinical manifestation of organophosphate exposure in humans, as well as the enzymatic pathways and mechanisms by which organophosphates are processed in the body and cause harm. The book concludes by providing techniques, practices and recommendations for how to manage organophosphate exposure and poisoning. It will be useful for clinicians and public health professionals, scientists, medical practitioners, researchers and environmental toxicologists. Table of ContentsChapter 1: Overview of organophosphate compounds.- Chapter 2: Toxicology of Organophosphate poisoning in humans.- Chapter 3: Enzymatic Targets of organophosphates.- Chapter 4: Computational insights of human acetylcholinesterase inhibition.- Chapter 5: New insights in Prophylactic approaches of human poisoning.- Chapter 6: Management of human Organophosphate poisoning.- Chapter 7: Summary.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis volume focuses on the most recent trends for greening analytical activities beginning with an introduction to green analytical chemistry followed by a discussion of green analytical chemistry metrics and life-cycle assessment approach to analytical method development. The chapters discuss two main topics; first is the most recent techniques for greening sample pretreatment steps, and second is modern trends for tailoring analytical techniques and instrumentation to implement the green analytical chemistry concept. The role of different kinds of green solvents, such as ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, deep eutectic solvents, bio-based solvents, and surfactants, as well as nanomaterials and green sorption materials in greening sample extraction steps is also a focus of this book. Furthermore, different approaches for greening chromatography as a key analytical technique are discussed. The applications of nanomaterials in analytical procedures are deeply reviewed, and miniaturization of spectrometers is also discussed as a recently evolved approach for efficient green on-site analysis. This book will appeal to a wide readership of academic and industrial researchers in different fields. It can be used in the classroom for undergraduate and postgraduate students focusing on the development of new analytical procedures for organic and inorganic compounds determination in different kinds of samples characterized by complex matrices composition. The book will also be useful for researchers that are interested in both chemical analysis and environment protection.Table of Contents1-Introduction to green analytical chemistry.- 2-Green analytical chemistry metrics and Life-cycle assessment approach to analytical method development.- 3-Greening analytical Chemistry by chemometrics.- 4-Integration and automation of analytical processes and operations.- 5-In situ measurements and on line measurements for greener analysis.- 6-Liquid-phase microextraction as a greener extraction tool.- 7-Ionic liquids as greener solvents for sample pre-treatment of environmental, pharmaceutical, and biological samples.- 8-Ionic liquids for greener extraction of precious metals.- 9-Deep eutectic solvents, bio-based solvents, and surfactants for green sample pretreatment and determination.- 10-Applications of nanomaterials for greener sample extraction.- 11-Green sorption materials used in analytical procedures.- 12-Recent approaches for greening sample derivatization.- 13-Green chromatography techniques.- 14-Applications of nanomaterials for greener determination of environmental contaminants.- 15-Applications of nanomaterials for greener determination of pharmaceutical and biological molecules.- 16-Applications of nanomaterials for greener food analysis.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis textbook offers a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the latest analytical methods, tools and techniques used in the marine environment, bringing together the two fields of chemical oceanography and analytical chemistry. Divided into 11 chapters, the book starts with an overview of the main parameters of the marine carbon system, and it covers different sampling strategies used by the marine scientific community, and the different chemical analyses to measure trace metals, radionuclides and organic matter in the marine environment. Particular attention is given to the identification and quantification of marine persistent organic pollutants, emerging organic contaminants and microplastics. Readers will also find accessible explanations and real life examples of the application of remote sensing and in-situ sensing technologies to monitor the marine environment. The textbook finishes with a chapter on data treatment that outlines the relevant statistical approaches, uncertainty estimation and quality assurance of marine chemical measurements. This textbook provides both students and professionals alike with a transdisciplinary and comprehensive foundation for the chemical analysis of our oceans and seas.Table of ContentsToC Preface Chapter 1. Carbonate species and pH. Chapter 2. Dissolved Organic matter Chapter 3. Trace metals. Chapter 4. Radionuclides as ocean tracers. Chapter 5. Persistent organic contaminants. Chapter 6. Emergent organic contaminants. Chapter 7. Nanoparticles in the marine environment Chapter 8. Microplastics and Nanoplastics. Chapter 9. Remote sensing: Satellite and RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) Chapter 10. In-Situ sensing: Ocean glider Chapter 11. Marine chemical (meta-)data management

Read more less

Book SynopsisMercury is a naturally occurring element that is toxic in nature. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, the safe limit of mercury ion in drinking water is 10 nM to avoid the serious health problems to humans. Mercury is a pollutant of global concern. Both anthropogenic activities and natural processes cause its release into different spheres of the environment resulting in severe adverse impacts. Increased anthropogenic discharge of mercury leads to disturbance in its natural biogeochemical cycle which results in to unenviable diseases and hazardous health effects.This book will provide state-of-the-art information to the graduate students training in toxicology, risk assessors, researchers and medical providers at large. Many monographs, book chapters, contemporary reviews, and peer reviewed articles about mercury health impact are also available worldwide. However, there is no complete understanding available on toxicological studies of mercury, which covers the broader spectrum of findings that range from sources of exposure to mercury toxicity as well as its remediation strategies. It is aimed to bring the readers updated information about the sources of mercury contamination, and its impact on human health and on prospective mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The book contains three sections. First section describes the different sources and distribution of mercury in the environment. Second section explains the health risks linked to mercury poisoning. Third section addresses sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategies through multi-disciplinary approaches. The key topic of this book will cover following: •Source and distribution of mercury in the environment•Effects and responses of mercury toxicity in plants• Health risk linked to mercury poisoning• Sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategiesThis book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on mercury contamination throughout the world.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction to "Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change.- Chapter 2. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 3. Salinity and its Impact on Sustainable Crop Production.- Chapter 4. Fundamentals of Crop Resilience to Salinity, Plant Traits and Selection Criteria.- Chapter 5. Genetic Variability and Genetic Resources for Salinity Resilience.- Chapter 6. Genetic Analysis of Salinity Tolerance and Relevant Traits in Field Crops.- Chapter 7. Breeding Efforts and Biotechnology.- Chapter 9. Mitigation Options towards Sustainability via Agricultural Practices.- Chapter 10. Techniques and Measurements of Assessing Genotypes Update, General Conclusions and Recommendations of “ Salinity Resilience and Sustainable Crop Production under Climate Change" for Salinity tolerance.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis text coherently links biochemical fundamentals and mechanisms with economic and societal problems of environmental pollution. It addresses interdisciplinary topics such as regulatory problems, sampling and pollutant quantifi cation, model organisms and provides a philosophical perspective on the toxin load on a variety of organisms, including humans in the environment in the Anthropocene. Case studies and exercises illustrate current issues and discuss future aspects.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a concise and up-to-date introduction to the topic of photocatalysis. It covers the fundamentals of photocatalysis, design of photoreactors and modelling and simulations for photoreaction. Also, industrial applications such as hydrogen production, water disinfection, degradation of air pollutants, pesticides and pharmaceuticals are described.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTellurium, a well-known chalcogen, finds potential applications in various fields from chemistry to other branches of science such as nanotechnology and macromolecular science. However, its safety must also be taken into consideration when exploring its industrial applications. This book explores the breadth of tellurium‘s applications, outlines strategies for industrial use, and describes the safety concerns of this element.

Read more less