Materials science Books

Book SynopsisTrade Review"This book is the gradual increase of population and the consequential rise in the energy demands in recent years have led to the overwhelming use of fossil fuels. Hydrogen has recently gained substantial interest because of its outstanding features to be used as a clean energy carrier and energy vector. Moreover, hydrogen appears to be an effective alternative to tackle the issues of energy security and greenhouse gas emissions given that it is widely recognized as a clean fuel with high energy capacity. Hydrogen can be produced by various techniques such as thermochemical, hydrothermal, electrochemical, electrolytic, biological, and photocatalytic methods, as well as hybrid systems." --ICPTable of Contents1. Hydrogen: Fuel of the Near Future 2. Application of Industrial Solid Wastes in Catalyst and Chemical Sorbent Development for Hydrogen/Syngas Production by Conventional and Intensified Steam Reforming 3. Recent Progress in Ethanol Steam Reforming for Hydrogen Generation 4. Hydrogen Production from Chemical Looping Reforming: Current Status and Future Perspective 5. Intensified Processes of Steam Reforming and their Materials for Hydrogen Production 6. Water-gas shift: Effect of Na loading on Pt/m-zirconia catalysts for low temperature shift for the production and purification of hydrogen 7. An Overview of Water Electrolysis Technologies for the Production of Hydrogen 8. Photocatalytic Reforming Towards a Sustainable Hydrogen Production over Titania-based Photocatalysts 9. Current Status on the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide 10. Upgrading Pyrolysis-derived Bio-oils via Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation: An Overview of Advanced Nanocatalysts 11. New Developments in Hydrogen Fuel Cells 12. Hydrogen Utilization: Benefits of Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Vehicles 13. Application of Carbon-Based Smart Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Production: Current Progress, Challenges and Prospects 14. Novel Materials and Technologies for Hydrogen Storage 15. Impact of Synchrotron on Alternate Fuels Sector with Special Focus on Hydrogen Energy

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsSection I: Introduction to Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment: Fundamentals 1. Introduction to nanomaterials for wastewater treatment 2. Preparation, characterization and physicochemical properties of 0D, 1D, 2D nanomaterials and their role in wastewater treatment 3. Potential risk and application of nanomaterials in environmental management 4. Advanced Technologies for wastewater treatment: New Trends Section II: Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Materials: Preparation and Applications 5. Introduction, basic principles, mechanism and challenges of photocatalysis 6. Doped TiO2 and doped mixed metal oxide-based nanocomposite for photocatalysis 7. New graphene-based nanocomposite for photocatalysis 8. Luminescent nanomaterials for photocatalysis 9. Magnetic nanomaterials based photocatalyst for photocatalysis 10. Nanomaterials for water splitting and hydrogen generation under visible light Section III: Adsorbent Nanomaterials: Preparation and Applications 11. Nanomaterials for adsorption of pollutants and heavy metals: Introduction, mechanism and challenges 12. New graphene nanocomposites-based adsorbents 13. Role of zeolite adsorbent in water treatment 14. Metal organic frameworks nanocomposite-based adsorbents 15. Advanced nanocomposite ion-exchange materials for water purification Section IV: Nanomaterials for Membrane Synthesis: Preparation and Applications 16. Nanomaterials for membrane synthesis: Introduction, mechanism and challenges for wastewater treatment 17. Carbon based nanocomposite membranes for water purification 18. Nanocomposite membranes for heavy metal removal 19. Responsive membranes for wastewater treatment. 20. Nanomaterial-based photocatalytic membrane for organic pollutants removal Section V: Water Remediation Processes: Current Trends and Scale Up Issues 21. Introduction of water remediation processes 22. Nanocomposite photocatalyst based wastewater treatment processes 23. Nanomaterials based advanced oxidation processes for degradation of waste pollutants 24. Electro-oxidation processes for dye/coloured wastewater treatment 25. Fenton processes: Role of nanomaterials 26. Nanocomposite adsorbent based wastewater treatment processes 27. Nanocomposite/nanoparticle in membranes-based separation for water remediation 28. Process for removal of micropollutants using nanomaterials 29. Antimicrobial activities of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment: Concluding

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Introduction: material dependence 2. Resource consumption and its drivers 3. The materials life-cycle 4. End of first life: a problem or a resource? 5. The long reach of legislation 6. Eco-data: values, sources, precision 7. Eco-audits and eco-audit tools 8. Case studies: eco-audits 9. Material selection strategies 10. Eco-informed material selection 11. Renewable materials, Natural materials 12. Criticality and Supply-Chain Risk 13. Circular Materials Economics 14. Materials and Sustainability 15. Appendix A. Material Property Data 16. Appendix B. Eco and Supply-chain Data

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Basic issues of explosion and other high-rate processing of mateirals 2. Underwater explosive forming 3. Underwater explosive welding 4. Extremely high-rate impact of materials under inclination angle collision 5. Fabrication of porous materials using explosive welding 6. Extremely high-rate impact of porous materials 7. Mechanical behaviour of porous materials under various strain rate

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Book Synopsis For junior-level courses in System Dynamics, offered in Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering departments. This text presents students with the basic theory and practice of system dynamics. It introduces the modeling of dynamic systems and response analysis of these systems, with an introduction to the analysis and design of control systems.Table of Contents 1. Introduction to System Dynamics. 2. The Laplace Transform. 3. Mechanical Systems. 4. Transfer-Function Approach to Modeling Dynamic Systems. 5. State-Space Approach to Modeling Dynamic Systems. 6. Electrical Systems and Electromechanical Systems. 7. Fluid Systems and Thermal Systems. 8. Time-Domain Analyses of Dynamic Systems. 9. Frequency-Domain Analyses of Dynamic Systems. 10. Time-Domain Analyses of Control Systems. 11. Frequency-Domain Analyses and the Design of Control Systems. Appendix A. Systems of Units. Appendix B. Conversion Tables. Appendix C. Vector-Matrix Algebra. Appendix D. Introduction to MATLAB. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisTable of Contents1 Introduction 1 2 Principles of Statics 16 3 Resultants of Coplanar Force Systems 31 4 Equilibrium of Coplanar Force Systems 62 5 Analysis of Structures 88 6 Friction 113 7 Centroids and Centers of Gravity 142

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Book SynopsisTable of ContentsContents 12 Kinematics of a Particle 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion 12.3 Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion 12.4 General Curvilinear Motion 12.5 Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components 12.6 Motion of a Projectile 12.7 Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components 12.8 Curvilinear Motion: Cylindrical Components 12.9 Absolute Dependent Motion Analysis of Two Particles 12.10 Relative-Motion of Two Particles Using Translating Axes 13 Kinetics of a Particle: Force and Acceleration 13.1 Newton’s Second Law of Motion 13.2 The Equation of Motion 13.3 Equation of Motion for a System of Particles 13.4 Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates 13.5 Equations of Motion: Normal and Tangential Coordinates 13.6 Equations of Motion: Cylindrical Coordinates *13.7 Central-Force Motion and Space Mechanics 14 Kinetics of a Particle: Work and Energy 14.1 The Work of a Force 14.2 Principle of Work and Energy 14.3 Principle of Work and Energy for a System of Particles 14.4 Power and Efficiency 14.5 Conservative Forces and Potential Energy 14.6 Conservation of Energy 15 Kinetics of a Particle: Impulse and Momentum 15.1 Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum 15.2 Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a System of Particles 15.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles 15.4 Impact 15.5 Angular Momentum 15.6 Relation Between Moment of a Force and Angular Momentum 15.7 Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum 15.8 Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream *15.9 Propulsion with Variable Mass 16 Planar Kinematics of a Rigid Body 16.1 Planar Rigid-Body Motion 16.2 Translation 16.3 Rotation about a Fixed Axis 16.4 Absolute Motion Analysis 16.5 Relative-Motion Analysis: Velocity 16.6 Instantaneous Center of Zero Velocity 16.7 Relative-Motion Analysis: Acceleration 16.8 Relative-Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes 17 Planar Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Force and Acceleration 17.1 Mass Moment of Inertia 17.2 Planar Kinetic Equations of Motion 17.3 Equations of Motion: Translation 17.4 Equations of Motion: Rotation about a Fixed Axis 17.5 Equations of Motion: General Plane Motion 18 Planar Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Work and Energy 18.1 Kinetic Energy 18.2 The Work of a Force 18.3 The Work of a Couple Moment 18.4 Principle of Work and Energy 18.5 Conservation of Energy 19 Planar Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Impulse and Momentum 19.1 Linear and Angular Momentum 19.2 Principle of Impulse and Momentum 19.3 Conservation of Momentum *19.4 Eccentric Impact 20 Three-Dimensional Kinematics of a Rigid Body 20.1 Rotation About a Fixed Point *20.2 The Time Derivative of a Vector Measured from Either a Fixed or Translating-Rotating System 20.3 General Motion *20.4 Relative-Motion Analysis Using Translating and Rotating Axes 21 Three-Dimensional Kinetics of a Rigid Body *21.1 Moments and Products of Inertia 21.2 Angular Momentum 21.3 Kinetic Energy *21.4 Equations of Motion *21.5 Gyroscopic Motion 21.6 Torque-Free Motion 22 Vibrations *22.1 Undamped Free Vibration *22.2 Energy Methods *22.3 Undamped Forced Vibration *22.4 Viscous Damped Free Vibration *22.5 Viscous Damped Forced Vibration *22.6 Electrical Circuit Analogs A Mathematical Expressions B Vector Analysis C The Chain Rule Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers

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Book SynopsisFor a one/two-semester upper-level undergraduate/graduate-level second course in Mechanics of Materials. This text covers all topics usually treated in an advanced mechanics of materials course. Throughout, topics are treated by extending concepts and procedures of elementary mechanics of materials, assisted when necessary by advanced methods such as theory of elasticity.Table of Contents 1. Orientation, Review of Elementary Mechanics of Materials. 2. Stress, Principal Stresses, Strain Energy. 3. Failure and Failure Criteria. 4. Applications of Energy Methods. 5. Beams on an Elastic Foundation. 6. Curved Beams. 7. Elements of Theory of Elasticity. 8. Pressurized Cylinders and Spinning Disks. 9. Torsion. 10. Unsymmetric Bending and Shear Center. 11. Plasticity in Structural Members. Collapse Analysis. 12. Plate Bending. 13. Shells of Revolution with Axisymmetric Loads. 14. Buckling and Instability. References. Index.

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Book SynopsisAbout our authors Norman E. Dowling earned his BS in civil engineering (structures) from Clemson University in Clemson, SC, and his MS and PhD in theoretical and applied mechanics from the University of Illinois in Urbana. He is a registered Professional Engineer. From 1972 to 1982, he was employed at Westinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, PA. Since 1983, he has been at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. In 2015, Professor Dowling retired from full employment and remains professionally active as Professor Emeritus. An ASTM International member since 1972, Dowling has served on several subcommittees and other activities of Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture. He has also been active in the Fatigue Design and Evaluation Committee of SAE International. Stephen L. Kampe received BS, MS and PhD degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from Michigan Technological University. He has held positions with Martin MarietTable of ContentsBrief Contents Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Types of Material Failure 1.3 Design and Materials Selection 1.4 Technological Challenge 1.5 Economic Importance of Fracture 1.6 Summary References Problems and Questions Structure, Defects, and Deformation in Materials 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Bonding in Solids 2.3 Structure in Crystalline Materials 2.4 Defects in Materials 2.5 Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength 2.6 Inelastic Deformation 2.7 Summary References Problems and Questions Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Stress–Strain Mechanisms 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Introduction to Tension Test 3.3 Engineering Stress–Strain Properties 3.4 Materials Science Description of Tensile Behavior 3.5 Trends in Tensile Behavior 3.6 True Stress–Strain Interpretation of Tension Test 3.7 Materials Selection for Engineering Components 3.8 Summary References Problems and Questions Mechanical Testing: Additional Basic Tests 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Compression Test 4.3 Hardness Tests 4.4 Notch-Impact Tests 4.5 Bending and Torsion Tests 4.6 Summary References Problems and Questions Stress–Strain Relationships and Behavior 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior 5.3 Elastic Deformation 5.4 Anisotropic Materials 5.5 Summary References Problems and Questions Review of Complex and Principal States of Stress and Strain 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Plane Stress 6.3 Principal Stresses and the Maximum Shear Stress 6.4 Three-Dimensional States of Stress 6.5 Stresses on the Octahedral Planes 6.6 Complex States of Strain 6.7 Summary References Problems and Questions Yielding and Fracture under Combined Stresses 7.1 Introduction 7.2 General Form of Failure Criteria 7.3 Maximum Normal Stress Fracture Criterion 7.4 Maximum Shear Stress Yield Criterion 7.5 Octahedral Shear Stress Yield Criterion 7.6 Discussion of the Basic Failure Criteria 7.7 Coulomb–Mohr Fracture Criterion 7.8 Modified Mohr Fracture Criterion 7.9 Additional Comments on Failure Criteria 7.10 Summary References Problems and Questions Fracture of Cracked Members 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Preliminary Discussion 8.3 Mathematical Concepts 8.4 Application of K to Design and Analysis 8.5 Additional Topics on Application of K 8.6 Fracture Toughness Values and Trends 8.7 Plastic Zone Size, and Plasticity Limitations on LEFM 8.8 Discussion of Fracture Toughness Testing 8.9 Extensions of Fracture Mechanics Beyond Linear Elasticity 8.10 Summary References Problems and Questions Fatigue of Materials: Introduction and Stress-Based Approach 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Definitions and Concepts 9.3 Sources of Cyclic Loading 9.4 Fatigue Testing 9.5 The Physical Nature of Fatigue Damage 9.6 Trends in S-N Curves 9.7 Mean Stresses 9.8 Multiaxial Stresses 9.9 Variable Amplitude Loading 9.10 Summary References Problems and Questions Stress-Based Approach to Fatigue: Notched Members 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Notch Effects 10.3 Notch Sensitivity and Empirical Estimates of kf 10.4 Estimating Long-Life Fatigue Strengths (Fatigue Limits) 10.5 Notch Effects at Intermediate and Short Lives 10.6 Combined Effects of Notches and Mean Stress 10.7 Estimating S-N Curves 10.8 Use of Component S-N Data 10.9 Designing to Avoid Fatigue Failure 10.10 Discussion 10.11 Summary References Problems and Questions Fatigue Crack Growth 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Preliminary Discussion 11.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing 11.4 Effects of R = Smin/Smax on Fatigue Crack Growth 11.5 Trends in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior 11.6 Life Estimates for Constant Amplitude Loading 11.7 Life Estimates for Variable Amplitude Loading 11.8 Design Considerations 11.9 Plasticity Aspects and Limitations of LEFM for Fatigue Crack Growth 11.10 Summary References Problems and Questions Environmentally Assisted Cracking 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Definitions, Concepts, and Analysis 12.3 EAC in Metals: Basic Mechanisms 12.4 Hydrogen-Induced Embrittlement 12.5 Liquid Metal Embrittlement 12.6 EAC of Polymers 12.7 EAC of Glasses and Ceramics 12.8 Additional Comments and Preventative Measures References Problems and Questions Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Materials 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Stress–Strain Curves 13.3 Three-Dimensional Stress–Strain Relationships 13.4 Unloading and Cyclic Loading Behavior from Rheological Models 13.5 Cyclic Stress–Strain Behavior of Real Materials 13.6 Summary References Problems and Questions Stress–Strain Analysis of Plastically Deforming Members 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Plasticity in Bending 14.3 Residual Stresses and Strains for Bending 14.4 Plasticity of Circular Shafts in Torsion 14.5 Notched Members 14.6 Cyclic Loading 14.7 Summary References Problems and Questions Strain-Based Approach to Fatigue 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Strain Versus Life Curves 15.3 Mean Stress Effects 15.4 Multiaxial Stress Effects 15.5 Life Estimates for Structural Components 15.6 Additional Discussion 15.7 Summary References Problems and Questions Time-Dependent Behavior: Creep and Damping 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Creep Testing 16.3 Physical Mechanisms of Creep 16.4 Time–Temperature Parameters and Life Estimates 16.5 Creep Failure under Varying Stress 16.6 Stress–Strain–Time Relationships 16.7 Creep Deformation under Varying Stress 16.8 Creep Deformation under Multiaxial Stress 16.9 Component Stress–Strain Analysis 16.10 Energy Dissipation (Damping) in Materials 16.11 Summary References Problems and Questions Appendix A Review of Selected Topics from Mechanics of Materials A.1 Introduction A.2 Basic Formulas for Stresses and Deflections A.3 Properties of Areas A.4 Shears, Moments, and Deflections in Beams A.5 Stresses in Pressure Vessels, Tubes, and Discs A.6 Elastic Stress Concentration Factors for Notches A.7 Fully Plastic Yielding Loads References Appendix B Statistical Variation in Materials Properties B.1 Introduction B.2 Mean and Standard Deviation B.3 Normal or Gaussian Distribution B.4 Typical Variation in Materials Properties B.5 One-Sided Tolerance Limits B.6 Discussion References Appendix C A Survey of Engineering Materials C.1 Introduction C.2 Alloying and Processing of Metals C.3 Irons and Steels C.4 Nonferrous Metals C.5 Polymers C.6 Ceramics and Glasses C.7 Composite Materials C.8 Summary

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Book Synopsis Ansel C. Ugural, Ph.D., served for two decades as professor and chairman of the mechanical engineering department at Fairleigh Dickinson University. He has also been a visiting and research professor of solid mechanics in mechanical engineering at New Jersey Institute of Technology. He is also a National Science Foundation (NSF) Fellow and is a faculty member at the University of WisconsinMadison, where he earned his M.S. in mechanical engineering and Ph.D. in engineering mechanics. Saul K. Fenster, Ph.D., is professor at New Jersey Institute of Technology, where he served as a president for more than two decades. In addition to experience in industry, he has held varied positions at Fairleigh Dickinson University and taught at the City University of New York. Fenster, a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the American Society for Engineering Education, is co-author of a text onTable of ContentsPreface xviiAcknowledgments xxAbout the Authors xxiList of Symbols xxii Chapter 1: Analysis of Stress 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Scope of the Book 3 1.3 Analysis and Design 4 1.4 Conditions of Equilibrium 8 1.5 Definition and Components of Stress 9 1.6 Internal Force Resultant and Stress Relations 13 1.7 Stresses on Inclined Sections 17 1.8 Variation of Stress within a Body 20 1.9 Plane-Stress Transformation 23 1.10 Principal Stresses and Maximum In-Plane Shear Stress 26 1.11 Mohr’s Circle for Two-Dimensional Stress 28 1.12 Three-Dimensional Stress Transformation 35 1.13 Principal Stresses in Three Dimensions 38 1.14 Normal and Shear Stresses on an Oblique Plane 42 1.15 Mohr’s Circles in Three Dimensions 45 1.16 Boundary Conditions in Terms of Surface Forces 49 1.17 Indicial Notation 50 References 51 Problems 51 Chapter 2: Strain and Material Properties 68 2.1 Introduction 68 2.2 Deformation 69 2.3 Strain Defined 70 2.4 Equations of Compatibility 75 2.5 State of Strain at a Point 76 2.6 Engineering Materials 83 2.6.1 General Properties of Some Common Materials 84 2.7 Stress-Strain Diagrams 86 2.8 Elastic versus Plastic Behavior 91 2.9 Hooke’s Law and Poisson’s Ratio 92 2.10 Generalized Hooke’s Law 96 2.11 Orthotropic Materials 101 2.12 Measurement of Strain: Strain Gage 103 2.13 Strain Energy 107 2.14 Strain Energy in Common Structural Members 111 2.15 Components of Strain Energy 113 2.16 Saint-Venant’s Principle 115 References 117 Problems 118 Chapter 3: Problems in Elasticity 133 3.1 Introduction 133 3.2 Fundamental Principles of Analysis 134 Part A: Formulation and Methods of Solution 135 3.3 Plane Strain Problems 135 3.4 Plane Stress Problems 138 3.5 Comparison of Two-Dimensional Isotropic Problems 140 3.6 Airy’s Stress Function 141 3.7 Solution of Elasticity Problems 143 3.8 Thermal Stresses 149 3.9 Basic Relations in Polar Coordinates 152 Part B: Stress Concentrations 157 3.10 Stresses Due to Concentrated Loads 157 3.11 Stress Distribution Near a Concentrated Load Acting on a Beam 161 3.12 Stress Concentration Factors 163 Part C: Contact Mechanics 169 3.13 Contact Stresses and Deflections 169 3.14 Spherical and Cylindrical Contacts 171 3.15 Contact Stress Distribution 174 3.16 General Contact 178 References 181 Problems 182 Chapter 4: Failure Criteria 192 4.1 Introduction 192 Part A: Static Loading 193 4.2 Failure by Yielding 193 4.3 Failure by Fracture 195 4.4 Yield and Fracture Criteria 197 4.5 Maximum Shearing Stress Theory 198 4.6 Maximum Distortion Energy Theory 199 4.7 Octahedral Shearing Stress Theory 200 4.8 Comparison of the Yielding Theories 204 4.9 Maximum Principal Stress Theory 205 4.10 Mohr’s Theory 206 4.11 Coulomb—Mohr Theory 207 4.12 Introduction to Fracture Mechanics 210 4.13 Fracture Toughness 213 Part B: Repeated and Dynamic Loadings 216 4.14 Fatigue: Progressive Fracture 216 4.15 Failure Criteria for Metal Fatigue 217 4.16 Fatigue Life 223 4.17 Impact Loads 225 4.18 Longitudinal and Bending Impact 227 4.19 Ductile—Brittle Transition 230 References 232 Problems 233 Chapter 5: Bending of Beams 242 5.1 Introduction 242 Part A: Exact Solutions 243 5.2 Pure Bending of Beams of Symmetrical Cross Section 243 5.3 Pure Bending of Beams of Asymmetrical Cross Section 246 5.4 Bending of a Cantilever of Narrow Section 251 5.5 Bending of a Simply Supported Narrow Beam 254 Part B: Approximate Solutions 256 5.6 Elementary Theory of Bending 256 5.7 Normal and Shear Stresses 260 5.8 Effect of Transverse Normal Stress 268 5.9 Composite Beams 270 5.10 Shear Center 276 5.11 Statically Indeterminate Systems 281 5.12 Energy Method for Deflections 284 Part C: Curved Beams 286 5.13 Elasticity Theory 286 5.14 Curved Beam Formula 289 5.15 Comparison of the Results of Various Theories 293 5.16 Combined Tangential and Normal Stresses 296 References 300 Problems 300 Chapter 6: Torsion of Prismatic Bars 315 6.1 Introduction 315 6.2 Elementary Theory of Torsion of Circular Bars 316 6.3 Stresses on Inclined Planes 321 6.4 General Solution of the Torsion Problem 324 6.5 Prandtl’s Stress Function 326 6.6 Prandtl’s Membrane Analogy 333 6.7 Torsion of Narrow Rectangular Cross Section 338 6.8 Torsion of Multiply Connected Thin-Walled Sections 340 6.9 Fluid Flow Analogy and Stress Concentration 344 6.10 Torsion of Restrained Thin-Walled Members of Open Cross Section 346 6.11 Torsion Bar Springs 350 6.12 Curved Circular Bars 351 Problems 355 Chapter 7: Numerical Methods 364 7.1 Introduction 364 Part A: Finite Difference Analysis 365 7.2 Finite Differences 365 7.3 Finite Difference Equations 368 7.4 Curved Boundaries 370 7.5 Boundary Conditions 373 Part B: Finite Element Analysis 377 7.6 Fundamentals 377 7.7 The Bar Element 379 7.8 Arbitrarily Oriented Bar Element 380 7.9 Axial Force Equation 384 7.10 Force-Displacement Relations for a Truss 386 7.11 Beam Element 393 7.12 Properties of Two-Dimensional Elements 399 7.13 General Formulation of the Finite Element Method 402 7.14 Triangular Finite Element 407 7.15 Case Studies in Plane Stress 414 7.16 Computational Tools 423 References 423 Problems 424 Chapter 8: Thick-Walled Cylinders and Rotating Disks 434 8.1 Introduction 434 8.2 Thick-Walled Cylinders Under Pressure 435 8.3 Maximum Tangential Stress 441 8.4 Application of Failure Theories 442 8.5 Compound Cylinders: Press or Shrink Fits 443 8.6 Rotating Disks of Constant Thickness 446 8.7 Disk Flywheels 449 8.8 Rotating Disks of Variable Thickness 453 8.9 Rotating Disks of Uniform Stress 456 8.10 Thermal Stresses in Thin Disks 458 8.11 Thermal Stress in Long Circular Cylinders 460 8.12 Finite Element Solution 464 References 466 Problems 466 Chapter 9: Beams on Elastic Foundations 473 9.1 Introduction 473 9.2 General Theory 473 9.3 Infinite Beams 475 9.4 Semi-Infinite Beams 480 9.5 Finite Beams 483 9.6 Classification of Beams 484 9.7 Beams Supported by Equally Spaced Elastic Elements 485 9.8 Simplified Solutions for Relatively Stiff Beams 486 9.9 Solution by Finite Differences 488 9.10 Applications 490 Problems 493 Chapter 10: Applications of Energy Methods 496 10.1 Introduction 496 Part A: Energy Principles 497 10.2 Work Done in Deformation 497 10.3 Reciprocity Theorem 498 10.4 Castigliano’s Theorem 499 10.5 Unit- or Dummy-Load Method 506 10.6 Crotti—Engesser Theorem 508 10.7 Statically Indeterminate Systems 510 Part B: Variational Methods 514 10.8 Principle of Virtual Work 514 10.9 Principle of Minimum Potential Energy 515 10.10 Deflections by Trigonometric Series 517 10.11 Rayleigh—Ritz Method 522 References 524 Problems 525 Chapter 11: Stability of Columns 534 11.1 Introduction 534 11.2 Critical Load 534 11.3 Buckling of Pin-Ended Columns 536 11.4 Deflection Response of Columns 539 11.5 Columns with Different End Conditions 540 11.6 Critical Stress: Classification of Columns 543 11.7 Design Formulas for Columns 548 11.8 Imperfections in Columns 550 11.9 Local Buckling of Columns 552 11.10 Eccentrically Loaded Columns: Secant Formula 552 11.11 Energy Methods Applied to Buckling 554 11.12 Solution by Finite Differences 562 11.13 Finite Difference Solution for Unevenly Spaced Nodes 567 References 568 Problems 569 Chapter 12: Plastic Behavior of Materials 578 12.1 Introduction 578 12.2 Plastic Deformation 579 12.3 Idealized Stress—Strain Diagrams 580 12.4 Instability in Simple Tension 582 12.5 Plastic Axial Deformation and Residual Stress 585 12.6 Plastic Deflection of Beams 588 12.7 Analysis of Perfectly Plastic Beams 590 12.8 Collapse Load of Structures: Limit Design 600 12.9 Elastic—Plastic Torsion of Circular Shafts 605 12.10 Plastic Torsion: Membrane Analogy 610 12.11 Elastic—Plastic Stresses in Rotating Disks 612 12.12 Plastic Stress—Strain Relations 614 12.13 Plastic Stress—Strain Increment Relations 620 12.14 Stresses in Perfectly Plastic Thick-Walled Cylinders 623 Problems 628 Chapter 13: Stresses in Plates and Shells 635 13.1 Introduction 635 Part A: Bending of Thin Plates 635 13.2 Basic Assumptions 635 13.3 Strain—Curvature Relations 636 13.4 Stress, Curvature, and Moment Relations 638 13.5 Governing Equations of Plate Deflection 640 13.6 Boundary Conditions 642 13.7 Simply Supported Rectangular Plates 644 13.8 Axisymmetrically Loaded Circular Plates 648 13.9 Deflections of Rectangular Plates by the Strain-Energy Method 650 13.10 Sandwich Plates 652 13.11 Finite Element Solution 654 Part B: Membrane Stresses in Thin Shells 657 13.12 Theories and Behavior of Shells 657 13.13 Simple Membrane Action 658 13.14 Symmetrically Loaded Shells of Revolution 660 13.15 Some Typical Cases of Shells of Revolution 662 13.16 Thermal Stresses in Compound Cylinders 668 13.17 Cylindrical Shells of General Shape 670 Appendix A: Problem Formulation and Solution 679 A.1 Basic Method 679 Appendix B: Solution of the Stress Cubic Equation 682 B.1 Principal Stresses 682 Appendix C: Moments of Composite Areas 687 C.1 Centroid 687 C.2 Moments of Inertia 690 Appendix D: Tables and Charts 699 D.1 Charts of Stress Concentration Factors 705 Appendix E Introduction to MATLAB 710 Answers to Selected Problems 713Index 722

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Book SynopsisWhy isn''t wood weaker that it is? Why isn''t steel stronger? Why does glass sometimes shatter and sometimes bend like spring? Why do ships break in half? What is a liquid and is treacle one? All these are questions about the nature of materials. All of them are vital to engineers but also fascinating as scientific problems. During the 250 years up to the 1920s and 1930s they had been answered largely by seeing how materials behaved in practice. But materials continued to do things that they ought not to have done. Only in the last 40 years have these questions begun to be answered by a new approach. Material scientists have started to look more deeply into the make-up of materials. They have found many surprises; above all, perhaps, that how a material behaves depends on how perfectly - or imperfectly - its atoms are arranged. Using both SI and imperial units, Professor Gordon''s account of material science is a demonstration of the sometimes curious and entertaining way

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Book SynopsisEngineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2/e analyzes the behavior and properties of composite materials--rigid, high-strength, lightweight components that can be used in infrastructure, aircraft, automobiles, biomedical products, and a myriad of other goods. This edition features additional exercises and new material based on the author''s research and advances in the field.

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Book SynopsisThis revised second edition of a popular handbook for engineers describes the important relationship between high-energy radiation environments, electronic device physics and materials. It is a straightforward account of the problems which arise when high-energy radiation bombards matter and of engineering methods for solving those problems.Radiation effects are a problem encountered in the use of highly engineered materials such as semiconductors, optics and polymers. The finely-tuned properties of these materials may change drastically when exposed to a radiation environment such as a beam of X-rays or electrons, the space environment or the ''hadrons'' in CERN''s new collider. All of these environments and several more are described. At the core of this book is a discussion of the impact of these environments on the devices used in computing, data processing and communication.While unashamedly oriented to the engineer-designer and manager, with descriptions in a highly readable form, there is no compromise in physical accuracy when describing high-energy radiation and the effects it produces, such as electronic failure, coloration and the decay of strength. A great breadth of technical data, such as may be needed to make quick decisions, is presented with literature references and a compendium of web-sites which have been tested and used by the authors.Trade Review... contains a lot of valuable material and is not only a handbook, but also an excellent textbook. * CERN Courier *... enriched with many references to useful websites, including databases. * CERN Courier *The book establishes both Holmes-Siedle and Adams as two of the most fertile and fruitful research scholars working in the field of radiation environments. * Current Engineering Practice *Holmes-Siedle and Adams' engrossing handbook is probably the most readable, ambitious and intelligent work on radiation effects yet published, that also stands out as a comprehensive guide to the literature, both printed and on-line. At the same time, it is technically accurate but accessible to practitioners as well as researchers ... a most commendable book. * Current Engineering Practice *Table of Contents1. Radiation, physics and measurement ; 2. Radiation environments (including human risks from the terrestrial environment) ; 3. Response of materials and devices to radiation ; 4. Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices ; 5. Bipolar transistors and integrated circuits ; 6. Diodes, solar cells, optoelectronics ; 7. Power semiconductors ; 8. Optical media ; 9. Microelectronics, sensors, MEMs, passives, and other components ; 10. Polymers and other organics ; 11. The interaction of radiation with shielding materials ; 12. Computer methods for particle transport ; 13. Radiation testing ; 14. Radiation-hardening of semiconductor parts ; 15. Equipment hardening and hardness assurance ; APPENDICES ; A. Useful general and geophysical data ; B. Radiation quantities ; C. Useful data on materials used in electronic equipment ; D. Bibliography of dosimeter research ; E. Dose-depth curves for typical Earth orbits, calculated by ESA's Space Environment Information System (SPENVIS) software ; F. Degradation in polymers in ionizing radiation ; G. Useful websites

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Book SynopsisThis textbook series has been designed for final year undergraduate and first year graduate students, providing an overview of the entire field, showing how specialized topics are part of the wider whole, and including references to current areas of literature and research.Table of Contents1. Bose-Einstein condensates ; 2. Superfluid helium-4 ; 3. Superconductivity ; 4. The Ginzburg-Landau model ; 5. The macroscopic coherent state ; 6. The BCS theory of superconductivity ; 7. Superfluid helium-3 and unconventional superconductivity ; A. Solutions and hints to selected exercises

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Book SynopsisServes as a textbook for first-year graduate and advanced undergraduate students in both physics and engineering. This book explains the theoretical principles on which the work is based for practising engineers and experimental physicists who work in the field of magnetism.Trade ReviewOf the first edition "Amikam Aharoni at his best" Physics TodayTable of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Molecular Field Approximation ; 3. The Heisenberg Hamiltonian ; 4. Magnetisation vs. Temperature ; 5. Anisotropy and Time Effects ; 6. Another Energy Term ; 7. Basic Micromagnetics ; 8. Energy Minimization ; 9. The Nucleation Problem ; 10. Analytic Micromagnetics ; 11. Numerical Micromagnetics ; References ; Author Index ; Subject Index

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Book SynopsisThis is a simple, but complete, description of synchrotron sources and free electron lasers and of the corresponding instrumentation and techniques. The emphasis is on basic concepts and the mathematical formalism is reduced to a minimum.Trade Review... a useful and refreshing treatment of synchrotron radiation * A.M. Glazer, University of Oxford *... a unique source of information * A. Snigirev, ESRF, Grenoble *... will appeal to all synchrotron radiation users. * D.M. Lawson, Biological Chemistry Dept, John Innes Centre, Norwich *Table of Contents1. Smart tourist guide to a synchrotron light facility ; 2. The Facility ; 3. Applications of synchrotron light ; 4. Free electron lasers (FELs) ; 5. Future directions

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Book SynopsisFormation of products by paste flow and extrusion occurs in a multitude of industries including the manufacture of a broad range of ceramics, foods and pharmaceuticals. This unique text is the first to demonstrate, to suppliers and users of paste flow equipment, a scientific means of approaching design and operation. It will be indispensable in developing new products and processes in addition to enhancing existing ones. All types of equipment are considered and particular emphasis is given to paste characterization and die design. Based on 25 years'' indusrial experience and research work, the text blends theory and practice, with emphasis on the practical applications, for anyone with a background in engineering or science.Trade ReviewThis is an attractive book that is easy to read ... They have captured both the practice and the principles in a way that will lead a newcomer past the usual barriers to entry, and will refresh the experienced with a broader perspective ... This book brings a rational and simplifying approach, and will be welcomed by teachers and practitioners alike. The Chemical Engineering Journal, 55 (1994) 97 - 100Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Paste extrusion and other processes ; 2. Types of extruder ; 3. Fundamentals of paste flow ; 4. Laboratory evaluation methods ; 5. Paste formulation ; 6. Flow defects and phase migration ; 7. Die design and construction ; 8. Screw extruders ; 9. An overview ; 10. Worked example

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Book SynopsisMany diverse materials, from man-made plastics to slurry, behave in ways that cannot be predicted using straightforward 'classical' equations. This book seeks to describe and quantify these behaviours for use in industry. There is an emphasis on the practical solution of problems using computer methods, and on the correlation between theory and experimental work.

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Book SynopsisCrystal Structure Refinement is a mixture of textbook and tutorial. As A Crystallographers Guide to SHELXL it covers advanced aspects of practical crystal structure refinement, which have not been much addressed by textbooks so far. After an introduction to SHELXL in the first chapter, a brief survey of crystal structure refinement is provided. Chapters three and higher address the various aspects of structure refinement, from the treatment of hydrogen atoms to the assignment of atom types, to disorder, to non-crystallographic symmetry and twinning. One chapter is dedicated to the refinement of macromolecular structures and two short chapters deal with structure validation (one for small molecule structures and one for macromolecules). In each of the chapters the book gives refinement examples, based on the program SHELXL, describing every problem in detail. It comes with a CD-ROM with all files necessary to reproduce the refinements.Trade Review`A key purchase for a wide population of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination...The depth of coverage of important topics such as twinning and disorder will be very valuable to structural scientists, and will provide information and an approach that is not currently available. ' Alexander J. Blake, University of Nottingham`A high quality text. ' David J. Watkin, University of OxfordTable of Contents1. SHELXL ; 2. Crystal Structure Refinement ; 3. Hydrogen Atoms ; 4. Atom Type Assignment ; 5. Disorder ; 6. Pseudo Symmetry ; 7. Twinning ; 8. Artefacts ; 9. Structure Validation ; 10. Protein Refinement with SHELXL ; 11. Protein Structure (Cross) Validation ; 12. General Remarks

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This textbook provides a clear and concise introduction to both theory and application of fluid dynamics. It has a wide scope, frequent references to experiments, and numerous exercises (with hints and answers).

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Book SynopsisThis is an advanced textbook on the subject of turbulence, and is suitable for engineers, physical scientists and applied mathematicians. The aim of the book is to bridge the gap between the elementary accounts of turbulence found in undergraduate texts, and the more rigorous monographs on the subject. Throughout, the book combines the maximum of physical insight with the minimum of mathematical detail. Chapters 1 to 5 may be appropriate as background material for an advanced undergraduate or introductory postgraduate course on turbulence, while chapters 6 to 10 may be suitable as background material for an advanced postgraduate course on turbulence, or act as a reference source for professional researchers.This second edition covers a decade of advancement in the field, streamlining the original content while updating the sections where the subject has moved on. The expanded content includes large-scale dynamics, stratified & rotating turbulence, the increased power of direct numerical simulation, two-dimensional turbulence, Magnetohydrodynamics, and turbulence in the core of the EarthTable of ContentsTHE CLASSICAL PICTURE OF TURBULENCE; FREELY-DECAYING, HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; SPECIAL TOPICS

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Book SynopsisThis book is a revised and updated English edition of a textbook that has grown out of several years of teaching. The term inorganic is used in a broad sense as the book covers the structural chemistry of representative elements (including carbon) in the periodic table, organometallics, coordination polymers, host-guest systems and supramolecular assemblies. Part I of the book reviews the basic bonding theories, including a chapter on computational chemistry. Part II introduces point groups and space groups and their chemical applications. Part III comprises a succinct account of the structural chemistry of the elements in the periodic table. It presents structure and bonding, generalizations of structural trends, crystallographic data, as well as highlights from the recent literature.Trade ReviewAdvanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry is the best text on structural inorganic chemistry that I have seen. It is logically laid out, easy to read and follow, and comprehensive. [...] I highly recommend this book for graduate level solid state structure courses. The breadth and depth of the material is unparalleled. * Peter M. Smith, J. Chem. Educ. 2011 *In summary, the readers will find the many aspects of this book - a comprehensive textbook about chemical bonds, group theory and crystallography, descriptive and supramolecular inorganic chemistry - to be very useful. It is an important text for teaching inorganic chemistry. * Coordination Chemistry Reviews *This book should be on the shelves of all laboratories or libraries that support teaching or research that relies upon structural inorganic chemistry. * Crystallography Reviews *Table of ContentsPART I ; Fundamentals of Bonding Theory ; 1. Introduction to Quantum Theory ; 2. The Electronic Structure of Atoms ; 3. Covalent Bonding in Molecules ; 4. Chemical Bonding in Condensed Phases ; 5. Computational Chemistry ; PART II ; Symmetry in Chemistry ; 6. Symmetry and Elements of Group Theory ; 7. Application of Group Theory to Molecular Systems ; 8. Bonding in Coordination Compounds ; 9. Symmetry in Crystals ; 10. Basic Inorganic Crystal Structures and Materials ; PART III ; Structural Chemistry of Selected Elements ; 11. Structural Chemistry of Hydrogen ; 12. Structural Chemistry of Alkali and Alkali-Earth Metals ; 13. Structural Chemistry of Group 13 Elements ; 14. Structural Chemistry of Group 14 Elements ; 15. Structural Chemistry of Group 15 Elements ; 16. Structural Chemistry of Group 16 Elements ; 17. Structural Chemistry of Group 17 and Group 18 Elements ; 18. Structural Chemistry of Rare-Earth Elements ; 19. Metal-Metal Bonds and Transition-Metal Clusters ; 20. Supramolecular Structural Chemistry

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Book SynopsisThe first of its kind, this book is an in-depth history of hydrodynamics from its eighteenth-century foundations to its first major successes in twentieth-century hydraulics and aeronautics. It documents the foundational role of fluid mechanics in developing a new mathematical physics. It gives full and clear accounts of the conceptual breakthroughs of physicists and engineers who tried to meet challenges in the practical worlds of hydraulics, navigation, blood circulation, meteorology, and aeronautics, and it shows how hydrodynamics at last began to fulfill its early promise to unify the different worlds of flow. Richly illustrated, technically thorough, and sensitive to cross-cultural effects, this history should attract a broad range of historians, scientists, engineers, and philosophers and be a standard reference for anyone interested in fluid mechanics.Trade ReviewThis book deserves a place in every university library, and it will surely be read with much interest, and some surprise, by many applied mathematicians. * Alex D.D. Craik, University of St Andrews, The London Mathematical Society Newsletter 2006 *The book is a valuable contribution to its subject and is likely to provide new and perhaps useful insights to those studying fluid dynamics. It is well written and produced. * D.H. Peregrine, Mathematical Reviews *By presenting in detail the interactions between many mathematicians and engineers, and by emphasizing the different styles characteristic of scientists in different countries, Darrigol has provided a fascinating insight into the development of hydrodynamics. * J. Stewart Turner, Australian National University, Canberra, August 2006, Physics World 2006 *A fascinating and well written book. * Meccanica 2007 *Table of Contents1. The dynamical equations ; 2. Water waves ; 3. Viscosity ; 4. Vortices ; 5. Instability ; 6. Turbulence ; 7. Drag and lift

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Book SynopsisAn eminently readable book on the symmetry of crystals and molecules, starting from first principles.Trade ReviewThe content is comprehensive, covering symmetry operations, stereographic projection, application to X-ray diffraction, group theory, as well as spectroscopy ... the book shines with instructional discussions of several problem sets ... I find reason to recommend the book ... I am glad to see it on my bookshelf * Angewandte Chemie International Edition, *This book successfully combines a thorough treatment of molecular and crystalline symmetry with a simple and informal writing style. By means of familiar examples the author helps to provide the reader with those conceptual tools necessary for the development of a clear understanding of what are often regarded as 'difficult' topics. * Christopher Hammond, University of Leeds *This book should tell you everything you need to know about crystal and molecular symmetry. Ladd adopts an integrated approach so that the relationships between crystal symmetry, molecular symmetry and features of chemical interest are maintained and reinforced. The theoretical aspects of bonding and symmetry are also well represented, as are symmetry-dependent physical properties and the applications of group theory. The comprehensive coverage will make this book a valuable resource for a broad range of readers. * Alexander Blake, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham *I marvel at the comprehensive detail and rigour ... I see this book becoming essential reading, if not prescribed for intensive study. * Jan Boeyens, University of Pretoria *The book really shines, with clear and precise definitions given for point groups, lattices and space groups - ideal reading for any budding crystallographer who wonders what all those columns in the International tables for crystallography are for. * Chemistry World *Table of Contents1. Symmetry everywhere ; 2. Geometry of crystals and molecules ; 3. Point group symmetry ; 4. Lattices ; 5. Space groups ; 6. Symmetry and x-ray diffraction ; 7. Elements of group theory ; 8. Applications of group theory ; 9. Computer-assisted studies ; Appendices

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Book SynopsisSoil to Foil tells the extraordinary story of aluminum. Saleem H. Ali reveals its pivotal role in the histories of scientific inquiry and technological innovation as well as its importance to sustainability.Trade ReviewAluminum—who knew? In Saleem H. Ali’s capable hands, the metal becomes the vehicle for an engrossing and enlightening explanation of how our world works—and how it might work much better. -- Bill McKibben, Right Livelihood Award-winning environmental author and Schumann Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Middlebury CollegeSoil to Foil lights the way for how to build net-positive companies and economies from the ground up. It holds the hand of courageous business leaders in setting an inspiring vision for circular systems and gently but firmly pushing back against basic misconceptions of physics, chemistry, and geology that stifle creativity. Aluminum is something we can all relate to, and Soil to Foil helps you see it and the world around you in a new light filled with abundant possibility. -- Rohitesh Dhawan, president and CEO, International Council on Mining and MetalsSoil to Foil shows the profound connections between the atomic properties of aluminum and the gigantic entanglements of the world we live in through economics, politics, environmental laws, science, technology, industrial design, advertising, and more. Ali admirably and skillfully guides us to a much deeper and more vital understanding of these subjects. -- Tyler Volk, professor emeritus, New York University, and author of Quarks to Culture: How We Came to BeSoil to Foil considers the ‘extraction’ of the chemical processes used to turn aluminum ore into usable resources, fitting within a broader turn in the social sciences to considering the sociomaterial and sociotechnical dimensions of the world we live in. Ali persuasively shows why materiality and chemical composition matters for how aluminum ‘comes to be’ as a resource. -- Jessica M. Smith, Department of Engineering and Society, Colorado School of MinesWith approachable storytelling… environmental scientist Saleem Ali masterfully traces… the story of aluminum. * Science *This work provides fascinating insight. Highly recommended. * American Library Association (ALA) *Employs an engaging narrative style to convey scientific concepts... in clear, compelling prose. Anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the complex life cycle of aluminum will appreciate this book. Highly recommended. * Choice Reviews *Table of ContentsPrefacePart I. Salt and Sod1. Elemental Origins and the Invention of Need2. Soil Without Soul: Why Aluminum Was Rejected by LifePart II. Precious Forces3. Unbreakable Bonds: The Challenge of Extraction4. The Bond Breakers and Their BountyPart III. Flight and Foil5. Mobile Metal: How Aluminum Facilitated War and Peace6. Aluminum for All: The Invention of a Household MetalPart IV. Elemental Flows7. Recycling and Realism: The Industrial Ecology Paradigm8. Restoration and Renewal of Mineral FrontiersEpilogue: Governing Our Planet’s Elemental ResourcesNotesIndex

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Book Synopsis* * * Winner of the 2014 Royal Society Winton Prize for Science Books * * *Stuff Matters by Mark Miodnownik is a unique and inspiring exploration of human creativity.''Enthralling. A mission to re-acquaint us with the wonders of the fabric that sustains our lives'' GuardianEverything is made of something...From the everyday objects in our homes to the most extraordinary new materials that will shape our future, Stuff Matters reveals the inner workings of the man-made world, the miracles of craft, design, engineering and ingenuity that surround us every day.From the tea-cup to the jet engine, the silicon chip to the paper clip, from the ancient technologies of fabrics and ceramic to today''s self-healing metals and bionic implants, this is a book to inspire amazement and delight at mankind''s creativity.''A certain sort of madness may be necessary to pull off what he has attempted here, whichTrade ReviewEnthralling . . . A mission to re-acquaint us with the wonders of the fabric that sustains our lives * Guardian *A certain sort of madness may be necessary to pull off what he has attempted here, which is a wholesale animation of the inanimate: Miodownik achieves precisely what he sets out to * The Times *Insightful, fascinating. The futuristic materials will elicit gasps. Makes even the most everyday substance seem exciting * Sunday Times *Expert, deftly written, immensely enjoyable * Observer *Wonderful. Miodownik writes well enough to make even concrete sparkle * Financial Times *I stayed up all night reading this book. Miodownik writes with such knowledge, such enthusiasm, such a palpable love for his subject -- Oliver SacksSuperb storytelling . . . fascinating . . . a delightful book on a subject that is relatively rarely written about * Popular Science *This is a hugely enjoyable marriage of science and art * Independent on Sunday, 'Books of the Year' *

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Book SynopsisBY THE AUTHOR OF THE BESTSELLING, PRIZE-WINNING STUFF MATTERS Sometimes explosive, often delightful, occasionally poisonous, but always fascinating: the secret lives of liquids, from one of our best-known scientists________________A series of glasses of transparent liquids is in front of you: but which will quench your thirst and which will kill you? And why? Why does one liquid make us drunk, and another power a jumbo jet? From the bestselling author of Stuff Matters comes a fascinating tour of these surprising or sinister substances - the droplets, heartbeats and ocean waves we all encounter every day. Structured around a plane journey, encountering water, wine, oil and more, Miodownik shows that liquids are agents of death and destruction as well as substances of wonder and fascination. His unique brand of scientific storytelling brings them and their mysterious properties alive in a captivating new wayTrade ReviewMiodownik packs this delightful book with so much 'well, I never knew that' information. Not only does he know his stuff but, just as importantly, he knows how to tell a good story. A truly delightful read -- Jim Al-Khalili, author of ParadoxIt's a little known fact that liquids are the coolest state of matter. And if anyone can spread that message all around him, it's Mark Miodownik. From ink to saliva, coffee to soap, this is an exhilarating, eye-opening ride. -- Philip Ball, science writer and author of H2O: A Biography of WaterA brilliantly navigated journey through the scientific marvels of the fluid world, from coffee to kerosene, from tea to tar, from honey to hydrophobia, from peanut butter to perfluorocarbons. A thrilling read, from start to finish -- Tim Radford, author of The Consolations of Physics: Why the Wonders of the Universe Can Make You HappyMiodownik is a materials scientist, but really he is an alchemist; he transforms knowledge of everyday stuff into literary gold. His book on liquids oozes brilliance on every page -- Alex Bellos, author of Alex Through the Looking GlassThis book delivers exactly what it promises . . . It's a treat. I lost count of the number of "but why?" questions it answers . . . This is a winning and hugely readable book -- James McConnachie * The Sunday Times *Once again, Miodownik has written a book much like the substances it describes: exciting, anarchic and surprising. Like the sea, it covers a lot of ground. And like a perfectly made cup of tea, it is warm, comforting and very refreshing -- Katy Guest * The Guardian *Miodownik yet again makes the seemingly mundane awe-inspiring. I'll never look at a ballpoint pen the same way again -- Kelly and Zach Weinersmith, New York Times-bestselling authors of SoonishMark Miodownik flies high again in Liquid. It's a treat to see the world through his eyes as he flows from topic to topic, and under his gaze even the most mundane things-ballpoint pens, ketchup bottles, a cup of tea-sizzle with significance -- Sam Kean, New York Times-bestselling author of The Disappearing Spoon and Caesar’s Last BreathMiodownik's appeal comes not only from his ability to explain the complexities of science and engineering but also from his acute social observations . . . original and entertaining -- Clive Cookson * Financial Times *Miodownik uses a routine transatlantic flight from London to San Francisco - and the liquids that he encounters on the way - as a vehicle for a sparkling exposition of materials in science and engineering. His lively analysis takes in kerosene fuel, wines from the drinks trolley, glues holding the aircraft together, the entertainment system's liquid crystal display, clouds outside the cabin, and much more besides.) * FT Books of the Year 2018 *Enthralling . . . A mission to re-acquaint us with the wonders of the fabric that sustains our lives * Guardian on Stuff Matters *Insightful, fascinating. The futuristic materials will elicit gasps. Makes even the most everyday substance seem exciting * Sunday Times on Stuff Matters *

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Book Synopsis''There is no author whose books I look forward to more'' Bill GatesThe New York Times bestselling author returns with a mind-opening exploration of how size defines life on Earth.Explaining the key processes shaping size in nature, society and technology, Smil busts myths around proportions - from bodies to paintings and the so-called golden ratio - tells us what Jonathan Swift got wrong in Gulliver''s Travels - the giant Brobdingnagian''s legs would buckle under their enormous weight - and dives headfirst into the most contentious issue in ergonomics: the size of aeroplane seats.It is no exaggeration to say this fascinating and wide-ranging tour de force will change the way you look at absolutely everything.Vaclav Smil is a phenomenon with an appetite for facts over prejudice and fashion. Essential reading for anyone who cares about the future' Lord Norman FosterTrade ReviewVaclav Smil is a phenomenon with an appetite for facts over prejudice and fashion. Essential reading for anyone who cares about the future -- eminent architect, Lord Norman FosterAn endlessly entertaining career through fascinating territory -- Simon Ings * Daily Telegraph *Both informative and entertaining . . . I suspect that many Physics World readers would be delighted to find this book waiting for them under the Christmas tree. Indeed, it would be perfect reading material for anyone who enjoys a mathematical analysis of the world around them * Physics World *In a world of specialized intellectuals, Smil is an ambitious and astonishing polymath who swings for fences . . . They're among the most data-heavy books you'll find, with a remarkable way of framing basic facts * Wired *There is perhaps no other academic who paints pictures with numbers like Smil * Guardian *

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Table of ContentsPart I: Introduction 1. Introduction Part II: Resins2. Polyethylene3. Polypropylene 4. Introduction to Bio-Based Polymers the Performance of Multilayer Flexible Packaging 6. Rheology of Molten Polymers Part III: Technologies7. Coextrusion Equipment for Multilayer Flat Films and Sheets8. Multilayer Blown (Tubular) Film Dies 9. Process Engineering 10. Blown Film, Cast Film, and Lamination Processes11. Machine Direction–Oriented Film Technology12. Oriented Film Technology 13. Polymer Blending for Packaging Applications 14. Water- and Solvent-Based Coating Technology 15. Vacuum Metallizing for Flexible Packaging 16. Web Handling and Winding Part IV: Multilayer Films – Descriptions, Performance Characteristics, Uses, Considerations, Properties 17. PE-Based Multilayer Film Structures18. Multilayer-Oriented Films19. Regulatory Aspects of Food Packaging—A Global Matter

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