Description
Book SynopsisAbout our authors
Norman E. Dowling earned his BS in civil engineering (structures) from Clemson University in Clemson, SC, and his MS and PhD in theoretical and applied mechanics from the University of Illinois in Urbana. He is a registered Professional Engineer. From 1972 to 1982, he was employed at Westinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, PA. Since 1983, he has been at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. In 2015, Professor Dowling retired from full employment and remains professionally active as Professor Emeritus. An ASTM International member since 1972, Dowling has served on several subcommittees and other activities of Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture. He has also been active in the Fatigue Design and Evaluation Committee of SAE International.
Stephen L. Kampe received BS, MS and PhD degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from Michigan Technological University. He has held positions with Martin Mariet
Table of Contents
Brief Contents
-
Introduction
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Types of Material Failure
- 1.3 Design and Materials Selection
- 1.4 Technological Challenge
- 1.5 Economic Importance of Fracture
- 1.6 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Structure, Defects, and Deformation in Materials
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Bonding in Solids
- 2.3 Structure in Crystalline Materials
- 2.4 Defects in Materials
- 2.5 Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength
- 2.6 Inelastic Deformation
- 2.7 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Stress–Strain Mechanisms
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Introduction to Tension Test
- 3.3 Engineering Stress–Strain Properties
- 3.4 Materials Science Description of Tensile Behavior
- 3.5 Trends in Tensile Behavior
- 3.6 True Stress–Strain Interpretation of Tension Test
- 3.7 Materials Selection for Engineering Components
- 3.8 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Mechanical Testing: Additional Basic Tests
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Compression Test
- 4.3 Hardness Tests
- 4.4 Notch-Impact Tests
- 4.5 Bending and Torsion Tests
- 4.6 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Stress–Strain Relationships and Behavior
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior
- 5.3 Elastic Deformation
- 5.4 Anisotropic Materials
- 5.5 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Review of Complex and Principal States of Stress and Strain
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Plane Stress
- 6.3 Principal Stresses and the Maximum Shear Stress
- 6.4 Three-Dimensional States of Stress
- 6.5 Stresses on the Octahedral Planes
- 6.6 Complex States of Strain
- 6.7 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Yielding and Fracture under Combined Stresses
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 General Form of Failure Criteria
- 7.3 Maximum Normal Stress Fracture Criterion
- 7.4 Maximum Shear Stress Yield Criterion
- 7.5 Octahedral Shear Stress Yield Criterion
- 7.6 Discussion of the Basic Failure Criteria
- 7.7 Coulomb–Mohr Fracture Criterion
- 7.8 Modified Mohr Fracture Criterion
- 7.9 Additional Comments on Failure Criteria
- 7.10 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Fracture of Cracked Members
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Preliminary Discussion
- 8.3 Mathematical Concepts
- 8.4 Application of K to Design and Analysis
- 8.5 Additional Topics on Application of K
- 8.6 Fracture Toughness Values and Trends
- 8.7 Plastic Zone Size, and Plasticity Limitations on LEFM
- 8.8 Discussion of Fracture Toughness Testing
- 8.9 Extensions of Fracture Mechanics Beyond Linear Elasticity
- 8.10 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Fatigue of Materials: Introduction and Stress-Based Approach
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Definitions and Concepts
- 9.3 Sources of Cyclic Loading
- 9.4 Fatigue Testing
- 9.5 The Physical Nature of Fatigue Damage
- 9.6 Trends in S-N Curves
- 9.7 Mean Stresses
- 9.8 Multiaxial Stresses
- 9.9 Variable Amplitude Loading
- 9.10 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Stress-Based Approach to Fatigue: Notched Members
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Notch Effects
- 10.3 Notch Sensitivity and Empirical Estimates of kf
- 10.4 Estimating Long-Life Fatigue Strengths (Fatigue Limits)
- 10.5 Notch Effects at Intermediate and Short Lives
- 10.6 Combined Effects of Notches and Mean Stress
- 10.7 Estimating S-N Curves
- 10.8 Use of Component S-N Data
- 10.9 Designing to Avoid Fatigue Failure
- 10.10 Discussion
- 10.11 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Fatigue Crack Growth
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Preliminary Discussion
- 11.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing
- 11.4 Effects of R = Smin/Smax on Fatigue Crack Growth
- 11.5 Trends in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior
- 11.6 Life Estimates for Constant Amplitude Loading
- 11.7 Life Estimates for Variable Amplitude Loading
- 11.8 Design Considerations
- 11.9 Plasticity Aspects and Limitations of LEFM for Fatigue Crack Growth
- 11.10 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Environmentally Assisted Cracking
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Definitions, Concepts, and Analysis
- 12.3 EAC in Metals: Basic Mechanisms
- 12.4 Hydrogen-Induced Embrittlement
- 12.5 Liquid Metal Embrittlement
- 12.6 EAC of Polymers
- 12.7 EAC of Glasses and Ceramics
- 12.8 Additional Comments and Preventative Measures
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Materials
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Stress–Strain Curves
- 13.3 Three-Dimensional Stress–Strain Relationships
- 13.4 Unloading and Cyclic Loading Behavior from Rheological Models
- 13.5 Cyclic Stress–Strain Behavior of Real Materials
- 13.6 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Stress–Strain Analysis of Plastically Deforming Members
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Plasticity in Bending
- 14.3 Residual Stresses and Strains for Bending
- 14.4 Plasticity of Circular Shafts in Torsion
- 14.5 Notched Members
- 14.6 Cyclic Loading
- 14.7 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Strain-Based Approach to Fatigue
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Strain Versus Life Curves
- 15.3 Mean Stress Effects
- 15.4 Multiaxial Stress Effects
- 15.5 Life Estimates for Structural Components
- 15.6 Additional Discussion
- 15.7 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
-
Time-Dependent Behavior: Creep and Damping
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Creep Testing
- 16.3 Physical Mechanisms of Creep
- 16.4 Time–Temperature Parameters and Life Estimates
- 16.5 Creep Failure under Varying Stress
- 16.6 Stress–Strain–Time Relationships
- 16.7 Creep Deformation under Varying Stress
- 16.8 Creep Deformation under Multiaxial Stress
- 16.9 Component Stress–Strain Analysis
- 16.10 Energy Dissipation (Damping) in Materials
- 16.11 Summary
- References
- Problems and Questions
Appendix A Review of Selected Topics from Mechanics of Materials
- A.1 Introduction
- A.2 Basic Formulas for Stresses and Deflections
- A.3 Properties of Areas
- A.4 Shears, Moments, and Deflections in Beams
- A.5 Stresses in Pressure Vessels, Tubes, and Discs
- A.6 Elastic Stress Concentration Factors for Notches
- A.7 Fully Plastic Yielding Loads
- References
Appendix B Statistical Variation in Materials Properties
- B.1 Introduction
- B.2 Mean and Standard Deviation
- B.3 Normal or Gaussian Distribution
- B.4 Typical Variation in Materials Properties
- B.5 One-Sided Tolerance Limits
- B.6 Discussion
- References
Appendix C A Survey of Engineering Materials
- C.1 Introduction
- C.2 Alloying and Processing of Metals
- C.3 Irons and Steels
- C.4 Nonferrous Metals
- C.5 Polymers
- C.6 Ceramics and Glasses
- C.7 Composite Materials
- C.8 Summary
