Environmental factors Books

Book SynopsisHeavy Metals-Toxicity and Environmental Pollution.- Heavy Metals Dynamics in the Soil-Plant Continuum.- Impacts of Heavy Metals Contamination on Human Health.- Role of Microbes in Heavy Metals Remediation.- Antioxidant Defence: A key mechanism of Heavy Metals Tolerance.- Role of Plants in Heavy Metals Remediation.- Molecular Mechanisms of Heavy Metals Tolerance in Plants: a Key Role of Antioxidant Defence.- Heavy Metal Contamination of Water and Their Toxic Effect on Living Organisms.- Heavy Metal Stress in Plants.- Adsorption Technology for Removal of Heavy Metal Pollutants.- Eco-Friendly Technologies for Heavy Metal Remediation.- Biotechnological Approaches in Remediation of Heavy Metals.- Development of Nano-adsorbent for Heavy Metals Removal from Wastewater.- Heavy Metals Uptake and Bioaccumulation in Plants.- Oxidative Stress of Heavy Metals Toxicity in Animals and its Amelioration.- Perspective on the Heavy Metal Pollution and Recent Remediation approaches.

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Book SynopsisIntroduction.- Japan Internal external Health Strategy in the Post COVID 19 Era.- Recent waves variants and trends for COVID 19 in India and Canada.- The Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on the Incidence Dynamics of Leading Disease Categories in the Russian Federation.- Impacts of Covid 19 on Health Care for the Aging Population in the United States.- Conclusion and Suggestions.- Index.

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Book SynopsisThis book serves as a comprehensive introductory guide to the practical aspects of risk assessment. Chapters include clearly defined objectives and summaries. The book includes: hazard identification, dose-response, exposure assessment, risk characterization, chemical mixtures, epidemiology, emerging issues and global perspectives with accessible language. The book concludes with a set of hypothetical case studies.Toxicological Risk Assessment for Beginners aims not to create an expert, but rather to provide readers with their first understanding of the risk assessment topic. This book was designed with the student in mind. We simplify a complex process for beginners and balance theory with practical aspects, but remain fluid enough to increase difficulty with case studies. By incorporating an action based, step by step approach to learning the risk assessment process, this book provides its readers with an elementary understanding of how the risk assessment process is initiated, developed and finished, making it a valuable guide for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and early career scientists in industry.Table of ContentsIntroduction.- Hazard Identification.- Dose-Response.- Exposure Assessment.- Risk Characterization for Human Health Risk Assessments.- Risk Assessment Strategies and Techniques for Combined Exposures.- Use of Epidemiology in Risk Assessment.- Emerging Issues in Risk Assessment.- Risk Assessment in the European Union (EU).- Brief Survey of Global Approaches for Risk Assessment.- Skills Development and Resources for Risk Assessment.- Case Studies Chapter.

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Book SynopsisThis clear-sighted volume synthesizes wide-ranging knowledge of human food consumption, food production systems, and sustainability to offer methods of improving the impact of food choices on people and the environment. The comprehensive coverage addresses myriad challenges and paradoxes (e.g., health-conscious food choices that put greater stress on the planet, hunger amidst plenty) associated with the production of sustainable, nutritious food. Direct and complex links between local and global issues are highlighted in innovative approaches to transforming food production from the farm to the table and from the policy desk to the real world. Chapters identify, examine, and offer realistic recommendations for achieving critical goals, among them: Supporting healthy people and communities within planetary boundaries Reduction and prevention of food waste Combining health and sustainability on the plate "Serving sustainable and healthy food to consumers and decision makers": from commitment to action. Investing in healthier and more sustainable production. Ensuring a healthy sustainable diet is a goal of all public policies. Towards Healthy and Sustainable Diets is geared toward professionals and policymakers dealing with food, nutrition, and environmental topics seeking new perspectives on longstanding issues in these interrelated areas. It also makes a suitable reference for students studying and conducting research in these areas.Table of ContentsI. "Sustainability is more than just reducing greenhouse emissions"Different perspectives to healthy and sustainable dietsSustainability can be defined in many ways. This chapter describes different dimensions of sustainability, such as climate impact, chemical load, use of resources, biodiversity, and eutrophication, together with different types of diets and food systems. It also highlights the importance of social and economic sustainability as well as ethical issues, cultural sensitivity, and health as part of sustainability. The main message is that multidisciplinary, intersectoral, and systemic approaches are needed to develop more sustainable food systems that contribute to healthy dietary habits and a healthy planet.II. "Who wasted our food?"Towards better balanceOur current food system is badly out of balance. The current agricultural system is producing enough food to feed the planet, but access to and consumption of it is very uneven. About 212 million children are undernourished, whereas 42 million children and 1.9 billion adults are overweight due to overconsumption of especially energy-rich foods. Moreover, about half of all food that is produced is never eaten but lost during harvest, transport, processing, or storage. This chapter discusses these topics including food security and different innovative ways to reduce food waste.III. "Insects, aquaculture, and mycoproteins instead of beef tomorrow?"Choosing for healthy and sustainable mealsThis chapter focuses on evaluating both health aspects and sustainability of different food categories, such as meat and dairy, fish, insects, plant-based foods, and fats and oils. Traditional diets, novel approaches, and ultra-processed foods also will be discussed. The main message is that although there are no universally accepted methods to rank individual foods, broad guidelines on healthy and sustainable diets are relatively easy to give. These guidelines to healthy and sustainable diets are briefly described.IV. "Are ecological products really healthier and more sustainable?"Reshaping our food productionOur food systems are responsible for about one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions, more than what results from all transport, sea, land, and air, combined. We need to use our scare resources in more sustainable and efficient ways. Increasing global trade is both a threat and an opportunity. This chapter discusses potential solutions to healthy and sustainable food production, such as circular systems, better production methods, and a more holistic approach to the production of healthy foods. V. "We need to make commitments and guidelines for healthy AND sustainable diets"Getting nutrition and sustainability into the agendas of consumers and decision makersAlthough most countries have nutrition policy, sustainability is rarely incorporated into dietary guidelines or paid serious attention in food and nutrition policies. Moreover, consumer knowledge on healthy and sustainable diets is often limited. There is lack of coherence in politics, and powerful corporate, political, and other interests tend to impede the process. This chapter presents some country examples and discusses barriers and potential approaches to move sustainability and health higher up in the agenda of consumers and decision makers.

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Book SynopsisUmweltschutz als ein Unternehmensziel gewinnt in Krankenhausern immer mehr an Bedeutung. Steigende Entsorgungskosten, verscharfte Gesetzgebung, aber auch ein Umdenken bewegen die Krankenhauser, neue Wege zu gehen. Die Bestellung zu Umweltbeauftragten ist eine Moglichkeit zur Losung der vielfaltigen Umweltaufgaben. Im vorliegenden Band wird der rechtliche Hintergrund der fur ein Krankenhaus relevanten Umweltbeauftragten dargestellt. Abfall-, Gewasserschutz-, Immissionsschutz-, Gefahrgut-, Strahlenschutz- und Sicherheitsbeauftragte berichten von ihrer taglichen Arbeit. Dabei geht es auch um Fragen der Einbindung der Umweltbeauftragten in den Krankenhausbetrieb und ihre Zustandigkeiten. Es werden unterschiedliche Organisationsstrukturen vorgestellt.Table of ContentsUmweltbeauftragte im Krankenhaus.- Die Betriebsbeauftragten für Umweltschutz: Rechte, Pflichten, Qualifizierung, Bestellung — eine Übersicht.- Verantwortung der Krankenhausleitung fir Umweltschutz — Organisation und Umsetzung.- Ökologie und Entsorgung im Universitätskrankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg.- Anforderungsprofil an die Betriebsbeauftragten fir Abfall.- Organisation und systembedingte Defizite der Abfallorganisation in einer Klinik der Maximalversorgung.- Straftaten, Ordnungswidrigkeiten und zivilrechtliche Haftung der Verantwortlichen.- Immissionsschutzbeauftragte — Erfahrungen mit einer Verbrennungsanlage für C-Abfall.- Erfahrungen des Gewässerschutzbeauftragten an einer Universitätsklinik.- Rechtliche Vorgaben zur Bestellung eines Gefahrgut- und Gefahrstoffbeauftragten — Anforderungen und Tätigkeitsprofil im Klinikbereich.- Der Strahlenschutzbeauftragte im Krankenhaus — Gesetzliche Grundlage, Tätigkeitsbereiche.- Möglichkeit der Umsetzung von Arbeitssicherheit und Umweltschutz in kleinen Krankenhäusern.- Umweltschutz im Universitätsklinikum Steglitz, Berlin.- Lösungen von Umweltaufgaben in Linienfunktion.

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Book SynopsisSeasonal patterns have been found in a remarkable range of health conditions, including birth defects, respiratory infections and cardiovascular disease. Accurately estimating the size and timing of seasonal peaks in disease incidence is an aid to understanding the causes and possibly to developing interventions. With global warming increasing the intensity of seasonal weather patterns around the world, a review of the methods for estimating seasonal effects on health is timely. This is the first book on statistical methods for seasonal data written for a health audience. It describes methods for a range of outcomes (including continuous, count and binomial data) and demonstrates appropriate techniques for summarising and modelling these data. It has a practical focus and uses interesting examples to motivate and illustrate the methods. The statistical procedures and example data sets are available in an R package called ‘season’.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews:“This book is aimed at both non-statistical researchers and statisticians, and it is presented as ‘the first book on statistical methods for seasonal data for a health audience’. … this is a useful book on an important subject and I would recommend it to anybody interested in the analysis of seasonal data.” (Mario Cortina Borja, Significance, June, 2011)“The authors are to be commended on a useful and clear introduction to seasonal health data analysis. The text will be helpful to statisticians, particularly in combination with the associated R package ‘season’, which will encourage them to test their own preferred methods in context and assist in teaching seasonal modelling.” (Malcolm Hudson, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, Vol. 53 (3), 2011)Table of Contentsto Seasonality.- Cosinor.- Decomposing Time Series.- Controlling for Season.- Clustered Seasonal Data.

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Book SynopsisBreast cancer is now the most common cancer among women in most Asian countries. Many lives are at stake. Even in places where state-of-the-art medical services are available, thousands of women in Asia are dying of the disease largely due to late presentation compared to women in most Western countries. While much progress has been made in Western medical science to treat breast cancer, it appears that there are significant socio-cultural considerations and contexts in Asia that limit the efficacy of Western-based health-care methods. This volume presents conversations across Asia with breast cancer patients, their caregivers, doctors, traditional healers as well as just ordinary men and women - all on the subject of breast cancer meanings. Through the stories as told by local peoples in Asia about how they think and talk about breast cancer, as well as how they respond to the disease, insights on breast cancer meanings emerge. These offer new understandings into how local contexts shape those meanings and life courses - and hopefully will help medical practitioners devise new strategies to combat the disease.

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionising radiation on human health and the environment. This is the first of four volumes of scientific annexes that presents the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the United Nations General Assembly. Annex A 'Medical exposure to ionizing radiation' presents a comprehensive global estimate of the frequencies and doses from medical exposure, their distribution and trends in medical categories in the 2009-2018 period. The annex considers four general categories of medical practice using ionizing radiation: (a) diagnostic radiology, including dental radiology and computed tomography, (b) interventional radiology (image-guided interventional procedures), (c) nuclear medicine and (d) radiation therapy

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionising radiation on human health and the environment. This is the second of four volumes of scientific annexes that provides the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the United Nations General Assembly. Annex B 'Levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station: implications of information published since the UNSCEAR 2013 Report' summarises all relevant scientific information (peer reviewed literature and monitoring data) available up to the end of 2019. These data relate to the levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. The aim of the report is to provide a summary of all scientific information and an appraisal of the implications of this information for the UNSCEAR 2013 Report

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation on human health and the environment. This is the third of four volumes of scientific annexes provide the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the General Assembly. Annex C 'Biological mechanisms relevant for the inference of cancer risks from low dose and low-dose rate radiation' synthesizes the current knowledge on biological mechanisms of radiation actions at low doses and low-dose-rates, and assesses the implications for understanding the processes of cancer development after exposure to ionizing radiation, and for dose-response relationships of radiation-induced cancers

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Book SynopsisThe United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) established by the General Assembly in 1955 assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation on human health and the environment. This is the last of four volumes of scientific annexes provide the supporting scientific deliberations for the UNSCEAR 2020/2021 report to the General Assembly. Annex D 'Evaluation of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation' presents the estimated average annual effective and collective doses to workers for each major work sector and sub-sector involving the use of ionizing radiation; estimated worldwide level of occupational exposure for different sectors involving exposure to natural sources and to human-made sources of radiation; and analysis of temporal trends in occupational exposure. It is based on data provided by United Nations Member States and international organizations, as well as peer reviewed literature and national reports on radiation exposure to workers

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Book Synopsis

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Book Synopsis This book focuses on the study of chemical dust suppression in mine dust pollution control by means of theories, experiments, computer simulation, and case application, aiming at providing chemical dust suppression solutions for mining worksites. It has seven chapters, including the following contents: (1) introduces fundamental theories and applications of chemical dust suppression, analyzes the dust source intensity of worksites and the mechanisms of dust generation, and summarizes the dust control measures for different mining worksites. (2) According to the mechanisms of dust generation in different mining worksites, targeted dust suppressants were developed. Through optimization by monomer experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimum formula of different types of dust suppressants was obtained, and its properties were characterized. (3) The dust suppressant field application process was introduced, and the economic benefits were analyzed. This book is expected to provide valuable references both for researchers and engineering technicians engaged in environmental engineering, safety engineering, occupational health, and mining metallurgical engineering, and it also serves as a textbook for graduate students in above disciplines.Table of Contents1 Introduction1.1 Dust source in open-pit mine. 7 1.1.1 Dust generated by drilling operation. 7 1.1.2 Dust generated by drilling operation. 8 1.1.3 Dust generated by shoveling and loading operation. 8 1.1.4 Dust generated by transportation operation. 8 1.1.5 Dust generated by dumping operation. 8 1.2 Calculation of the intensity of dust source in the mine. 9 1.2.1 Source intensity of the mine. 9 1.2.2 Calculation of the source intensity of the mine. 10 1.3 Development status of chemical depression of dust 16 1.3.1 Research status of dust suppressants abroad. 17 1.3.2 Research status of domestic dust suppressants 19 1.3.3 Development trend of chemical dust suppressants 21 Reference. 22 2 Basic theory of chemical suppression of dust 24 2.1 Properties of mine dust [1-5] 25 2.1.1 Wettability of mine dust[1] 25 2.1.2 Density of mine dust[2] 26 2.1.3 Specific surface area of mine dust[3] 27 2.1.4 Suspensibility and cohesiveness of mine dust[3] 27 2.1.5 Particle size and size distribution of mine dust[4-5] 28 2.2 Basic theory of chemical suppression of dust 34 2.2.1 Surface tension and surface free energy[6-9] 34 2.2.2 Measurement of surface tension [10-11] 39 2.2.3 Wetting phenomenon [9-12] 51 2.2.4 Determination method of wettability[13] 54 2.2.5 Contact angle and Young's equation[14] 54 2.2.7 Measurement of contact angle. 59 Reference. 62 3 Mechanism of Production and Transport of Blasting Dust and Smoke of Open-pit Mine and Study on Pollution Model 64 3.1 Mechanism of Production and Transport of Blasting Dust and Smoke of Open-pit Mine[1] 64 3.2 Study on Pollution Model of Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 65 3.2.1 Diffusion and Settling of Blasting Dust 65 3.2.2 Mathematical Model of Gaseous Substance Motion of the Dust and Smoke. 68 3.2.3 Evaluation of Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases Pollution. 71 3.2.4 The Emission Intensity of the Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 75 3.3 Computer Numerical Simulation Study on Mine Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 78 3.3.1 Computer Numerical Simulation of the Initial Motion of Explosive Gas 78 3.3.2 Numerical Simulation of Movement Process of Blasting Dust Particles 81 Reference. 83 4 Chemical Suppression Technology of Open-pit Mine Blasting Dust and Smoke. 85 4.1 Control Measures on Open-pit Mine Blasting Dust 85 4.2 The Development of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 91 4.2.2 The Development of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 91 4.2.3 Dust and Toxic Gases Reduction Effect of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 96 4.2.4 Dust Reduction Effect of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 104 4.2.5 Dust and Toxic Gases Reduction Mechanism of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 106 4.3 Development of Blasting Dust and Smoke Inhibitors of Open-pit Mine. 113 4.3.1 Dust Reduction Mechanism of Blasting Dust and Smoke Inhibitors 113 4.3.2 Component of Dust and Smoke Inhibitors 115 4.3.3 Monomer Experiment 120 4.3.4 Compounding Experiments of Surfactants and Hygroscopic Agents 143 4.3.5 Final Selection of Surfactant and Hygroscopic Agent 146 4.3.6 The Optimal Formula of The Dust and Smoke Inhibitor 149 4.4 Research on Blasting Dust Reduction with Foam.. 155 4.4.1 Formula Requirement of foaming agent 155 4.4.2 Development of Foaming Agent Formula. 160 4.4.3 Experimental Study on Foaming Generator Performance. 164 4.4.4 Experimental Results 166 4.4.5 Measurement of Foam Dust Removal Efficiency. 170 Reference. 172 5 Chemical Suppression of Dust Technology of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 174 5.1 Mechanics of Dust Production of Open Ore Stacking Yard [1-6] 174 5.2 Measures of Dust Prevention of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 174 5.3 Development of Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 176 5.3.1 The Dust-settling Mechanism of Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard[21-22] 176 5.3.2 Single-Factor Experiment 179 5.3.3 Orthogonal Experiment 199 5.4 Performance Study on Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 207 5.4.1 The Basic Physicochemical Property of Dust Suppressants 208 5.4.2 Surface Curing Effect 209 5.4.3 Compressive Strength. 211 5.4.4Wind Erosion Resistance. 212 5.4.5 Rain Resistance. 215 5.4.6 Freeze-thaw Resistance Property. 216 Reference. 218 6 Chemical Dust Suppression Technology of Road Surface of Strip Mine. 220 6.1 Mechanisms of dust-raising on road surface of transportation roads of a strip mine[1-2] 220 6.1.1 Dust anchoring load. 220 6.1.2 Dust-raising generated by the shear friction of automobile tires on the road surface. 221 6.1.3 Dust-raising generated by the mechanical wind load of the vehicle. 222 6.1.4 Dust raised by natural wind current on the road surface. 223 6.2 Influencing factors and control measures of dust-raising on transportation roads in strip mines 226 6.2.1 Influencing factors of dust-raising on the road surface of strip mines 226 6.2.2 Control measures for dust-raising on road surface. 228 6.3 Experimental Research on the Law of Dust-raising Diffusion on Road Surface. 230 6.4 Development of compound dust suppressant formula on the road surface. 236 6.4.1 Performance requirements of dust suppressants 236 6.4.2 Dust suppression mechanism of dust suppressant 237 6.4.3 Components of dust suppressant 241 6.4.4 Monomer experiment 242 6.4.5 Orthogonal experiment 264 6.4.6 Formula optimization experiment 275 6.4.7 Performance characteristics of dust suppressant 276 6.5 Hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 282 6.5.1 Formula of hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 282 6.5.2 Performance experiment of hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 284 6.6 Moist dust suppressant for road surface. 285 6.6.1 Formula of moist dust suppressant for road surface. 285 6.6.2 Performance experiment of moist dust suppressant for road surface. 286 Reference. 293 7. Field application of mine dust suppressant 296 7.1. Application of blasting dust suppressant in open-pit mine. 296 7.1.1. Application of water-enriched gelatin stemming. 296 7.1.2 Application of foam in blasting. 305 7.1.3 Application of surfactant solution in blasting. 307 7.2 Application of dust suppressant in open-pit mine Yard. 320 7.2.1 Industrial test of hygroscopic dust suppressant in suppressing dust of stockpile. 320 7.2.2 Dust Floating Test of Adhesive Dust suppressant in Tailing Pond. 322 7.2.3 Dust suppression test of binding dust suppressant in open coal pile. 327 7.3 Application of Dust suppressant on Pavement in Open-pit mine. 330 7.3.1 Spring Road Dust suppressant Industrial Experiment-Shougang Shuichang Iron Mine 330 7.3.2 Industrial experiment of road dust suppressant in summer-Wulongquan Mine in Wuhan 340 7.3.3 Industrial Experiment of Pavement Dust suppressant in Autumn-Sijiaying Mine, Hebei 352 7.3.4 Industrial experiment of road dust suppressant in winter-Jianlin Mountain Iron Mine 374

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Book SynopsisThis book presents mercury toxicity with respect to remediation and health issues. It covers sources of mercury contamination, its impact on human health, and prospective remediation by both bioremediation and phytoremediation with the application of recent advanced techniques such as genetic engineering and nanotechnology.Both anthropogenic activities and natural processes cause the release of mercury into different spheres of the environment resulting in severe adverse impacts. Increased anthropogenic discharge of mercury leads to disturbance in its natural biogeochemical cycle, which results in unenviable diseases and hazardous health effects. Mercury pollution is responsible for causing neurobehavioral, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal, liver, and other diseases. Many published works about the impact of mercury on health are also available worldwide; however, there is no complete understanding available on toxicological studies of mercury that covers the broader spectrum of findings ranging from sources of exposure to mercury toxicity to its remediation strategies.This book brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability, and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by mercury contamination. The book also proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches.The book contains three sections. The first part describes the different sources and distribution of mercury in soil and plant ecosystems. The second part explains the health risks linked to mercury toxicity. The third part addresses sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategies and the potential applications of recent technology in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals working in the field of mercury contamination.Table of Contents1. Environmental Mercury Exposure – A Continuing Challenge2. Mercury Contamination in Food : An Overview 3. Research Trend on Mercury (Hg) Contamination of Water Resources: A Bibliometric Review 4. Impact of mercury and its toxicity on health and environment: a general perspective 5. Effects of Mercury: Neurological and Cellular Perspective 6. Mercury Adsorption using Biowaste Biochar: A Green Technology Approach 7. Removal of Mercury of Wastewater by Different Natural Biomasses 8. Microbial Remediation of Mercury: An Overview 9. Remediation Strategies of Environmental Mercury: An Overview of its Environmental Persistence, Associated Threats and Health Impacts 10. Mercury Remediation: Easing Biochar Approach 11. Application and Development Strategies of Nano-Adsorbents on Mercury Remediation 12. Amputation of Mercury from Wastewater: Perspectives of Action Methods 13. Environmental Mercury Toxicity and its Bioremediation 14. Biosorption of Mercury from Aqueous Solutions by Biosorbents

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