Organic chemistry Books

Book SynopsisBiophysical Chemistry is an outstanding book that delivers both fundamental and complex biophysical principles, along with an excellent overview of the current biophysical research areas, in a manner that makes it accessible for mathematically and non-mathematically inclined readers.Trade Review"Biophysical Chemistry is an outstanding book that delivers both fundamental and complex biophysical principles, along with an excellent overview of the current biophysical research areas, in a manner that makes it accessible for mathematically and non-mathematically inclined readers." (Journal of Chemical Biology, February 2009) "This is strongly recommended as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students with backgrounds in the physical and biological sciences. It will also prove extremely useful to university and high school educators, medical doctors, and researchers who want to go beyond a surface treatment of biological phenomenology to its roots in physics and chemistry." (Doody's, February, 2009)"Biophysical Chemistry ist ein herausragendes Lehrbuch, das Grundprinzipien genauso ausführlich erklärt wie komplexe biophysikalische Zusammenhänge; auch aktuelle Forschungsgebiete kommen nicht zu kurz. Verständlich auch für Leser, die keine besonderen mathematischen Fähigkeiten mitbringen." (Journal of Chemical Biology, Februar 2009)Table of ContentsPreface 1. Basic Thermodynamic and Biochemical Concepts Part 1: Thermodynamics and Kinetics 2. First Law of Thermodynamics 3. Second Law of Thermodynamics 4. Phase Diagrams, Mixtures, and Chemical Potential 5. Equilibria and Reactions Involving Protons 6. Oxidation/Reduction Reactions and Bioenergetics 7. Kinetics and Enzymes 8. The Boltzmann Distribution and Statistical Thermodynamics Part 2: Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy 9. Quantum Theory: Introduction and Principles 10. Particle in a Box and Tunneling 11. Vibrational Motion and Infrared Spectroscopy 12. Atomic Structure: Hydrogen Atom and Multi-Electron Atoms 13. Chemical Bonds and Protein Interactions 14. Electronic Transitions and Optical Spectroscopy 15. X-Ray Diffraction and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure 16. Magnetic Resonance Part 3: Understanding Biological Systems using Physical Chemistry 17. Signal Transduction 18. Membrane Potentials, Transporters, and Channels 19. Molecular Imaging 20. Photosynthesis References and Further Reading Problems Answers to Problems Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisInspiring and motivating students from the moment it published, Organic Chemistry has established itself in just one edition as the students'' choice of organic chemistry text. This second edition takes all that has made Organic Chemistry the book of choice, and has refined and refocused it to produce a text that is even more student-friendly, more coherent and more logical in its presentation than before.At heart, the second edition remains true to the first, being built on three principles:An explanatory approach, through which the reader is motivated to understand the subject and not just learn the facts;A mechanistic approach, giving the reader the power to understand compounds and reactions never previously encountered;An evidence-based approach, setting out clearly how and why reactions happen as they do, giving extra depth to the reader''s understanding.The authors write clearly and directly, sharing with the reader their own fascination with the subject, and leading them carefully from topic to topic. Their honest and open narrative flags pitfalls and misconceptions, guiding the reader towards a complete picture of organic chemistry and its universal themes and principles.Enriched with an extensive bank of online resources to help the reader visualise the structure of organic compounds and their reaction mechanisms, this second edition reaffirms the position of Organic Chemistry as the essential course companion for all organic chemistry students. Online Resource CentreFor students:A range of problems to accompany each chapterFor registered adopters of the text:Figures from the book in electronic formatTrade ReviewIt is a credit to the authors that a textbook that I have adored for so many years has undergone such a substantial overhaul and yet still retains the features that made it quite so attractive to students in the first place. This is a book that will continue to inspire students of organic chemistry for many years to come. Even if you already have the first edition, I am happy to recommend that you invest in this new version you will not be disappointed. * John Hayward, in Chemistry World, December 2012 *Review from previous edition This is a book we have all been waiting for! It is based on sound mechanistic reasoning and contains thousands of useful examples for teaching. Its style is approachable and covers both fundamental and more advanced material. * Adam Nelson, Lecturer, University of Leeds *Review from previous edition Represents a milestone in the field of organic chemistry textbooks... This is the first organic textbook that could be used in some shape or form on almost every organic chemistry course in any UK undergraduate programme... I soon expect to be hearing "You can look it up in Clayden" ringing from lectures and tutorials, and for many years to come. * Andrew Boa in The Times Higher Education, 2001 *Table of Contents1. What is organic chemistry? ; 2. Organic structures ; 3. Determining organic structures ; 4. Structure of molecules ; 5. Organic reactions ; 6. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group ; 7. Delocalization and conjugation ; 8. Acidity, basicity, and pKa ; 9. Using organometallic reagents to make C-C bonds ; 10. Nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl group ; 11. Nucleophilic substitution at C=O with loss of carbonyl oxygen ; 12. Equilibria, rates and mechanisms ; 13. 1H NMR: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ; 14. Stereochemistry ; 15. Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon ; 16. Conformational analysis ; 17. Elimination reactions ; 18. Review of spectroscopic methods ; 19. Electrophilic addition to alkenes ; 20. Formation and reactions of enols and enolates ; 21. Electrophilic aromatic substitution ; 22. Conjugate addition and nucleophilic aromatic substitution ; 23. Chemoselectivity and protecting groups ; 24. Regioselectivity ; 25. Alkylation of enolates ; 26. Reactions of enolates with carbonyl compounds: the aldol and Claisen reactions ; 27. Sulfur, silicon and phosphorus in organic chemistry ; 28. Retrosynthetic analysis ; 29. Aromatic heterocycles 1: structures and reactions ; 30. Aromatic heterocycles 2: synthesis ; 31. Saturated heterocycles and stereoelectronics ; 32. Stereoselectivity in cyclic molecules ; 33. Diastereoselectivity ; 34. Pericyclic reactions 1: cycloadditions ; 35. Pericyclic reactions 2: sigmatropic and electrocyclic reactions ; 36. Participation, rearrangement and fragmentation ; 37. Radical reactions ; 38. Synthesis and reactions of carbenes ; 39. Determining reaction mechanisms ; 40. Organometallic chemistry ; 41. Asymmetric synthesis ; 42. Organic chemistry of life ; 43. Organic chemistry today

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisDespite the growing interest in olive oil, most people know very little about what it is or how it is made. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of olive oil from the tree to table, from a molecular and personal perspective. Growers often do not know what is happening at a molecular level or why certain practices produce superior or inferior results, for example, why adjusting a temperature rewards them with winning oils. This book aims to provide some of the answers as well as the importance of the chemicals responsible for the flavour and health effects. Readers will also get a deeper understanding of what makes an extra virgin olive oil authentic and how scientists are helping to fight fraud regarding this valuable commodity. Including anecdotes from growers of olives and producers of oils, the authors provide an accessible text for a wide audience from food science students to readers interested in the human story of olive oil production.Table of ContentsOlive Origins; The Beginning of a Grove: Planting the Trees; The Tree Through the Year; Season's End: Harvesting the Fruit; Processing: The Most Important Hour; Delivering Quality and Assuring Authenticity; Good Taste is Required; Health Effects: But is Olive Oil Good for You?; 1001 Uses for Olive Oil; Sustainability

Read more less

Book SynopsisReceive a detailed and comprehensive breakdown of the lab techniques all organic chemistry students need to know with Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry.

Read more less

Book SynopsisPhotochemistry of Organic Compounds: From Concepts to Practice provides a hands-on guide demonstrating the underlying principles of photochemistry and, by reference to a range of organic reaction types, its effective use in the synthesis of new organic compounds and in various applications. The book presents a complete and methodical approach to the topic, Working from basic principles, discussing key techniques and studies of reactive intermediates, and illustrating synthetic photochemical procedures. Incorporating special topics and case studies covering various applications of photochemistry in chemistry, environmental sciences, biochemistry, physics, medicine, and industry. Providing extensive references to the original literature and to review articles. Concluding with a chapter on retrosynthetic photochemistry, listing key reactions to aid the reader in designing their own synthetic pathways. This book will be a valTable of Contents1. Introduction. 1.1 Who’s Afraid Of Photochemistry? 1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation. 1.3 Perception Of Colour. 1.4 Electronic States: Elements Of Molecular Quantum Mechanics. 1.5 Problems. 2. A Crash Course In Photophysics And A Classification Of Primary Photoreactions. 2.1 Photophysical Processes. 2.2 Energy Transfer, Quenching and Sensitization. 2.3 A Classification of Photochemical Reaction Pathways. 2.4 Problems. 3. Techniques And Methods. 3.1 Light Sources, Filters, and Detectors. 3.2 Preparative Irradiation. 3.3 Absorption Spectra. 3.4 Steady-State Emission Spectra and Their Correction. 3.5 Time-Resolved Luminescence. 3.6 Absorption And Emission Spectroscopy With Polarized Light. 3.7 Flash Photolysis. 3.8 Time-Resolved IR and Raman Spectroscopy. 3.9 Quantum Yields. 3.10 Low-Temperature Studies; Matrix Isolation. 3.11 Photoacoustic Calorimetry. 3.12 Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy. 3.13 Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. 3.14 Problems. 4. Quantum Mechanical Models of Electronic Excitation and Photochemical Reactivity. 4.1 Boiling Down The Schr™Dinger Equation. 4.2 Hšckel Molecular Orbital Theory. 4.3 HMO Perturbation Theory. 4.4 Symmetry Considerations. 4.5 Simple Quantum Chemical Models of Electronic Excitation. 4.6 Pairing Theorems and Dewar’s PMO Theory. 4.7 The Need for Improvement; SCF, CI And DFT Calculations. 4.8 Spin-Orbit Coupling. 4.9 Theoretical Models of Photoreactivity, Correlation Diagrams. 4.10 Problems. 4.11 Appendix. 5. Photochemical Reaction Mechanisms and Reaction Intermediates. 5.1 What is a Reaction Mechanism? 5.2 Electron Transfer. 5.3 Proton Transfer. 5.4 Primary Photochemical Intermediates: Examples and Concepts. 5.5 Photoisomerization of Double Bonds. 5.6 Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence. 5.7 Problems. 6. Chemistry Of Excited Molecules. 6.1 Alkenes And Alkynes. 6.2 Aromatic Compounds. 6.3 Oxygen Compounds. 6.4 Nitrogen Compounds. 6.5 Sulphur Compounds. 6.6 Halogen Compounds. 6.7 Molecular Oxygen. 6.8 Photosensitizers, Photoinitiators and Photocatalysts. 7. Retrosynthetic Photochemistry. 8. Information Sources, Tables. 9. Index. 10. References.

Read more less

Book SynopsisChemistry is widely considered to be the central science: it encompasses concepts on which all other branches of science are developed. Yet, for many students entering university, gaining a firm grounding in chemistry is a real challenge. Chemistry responds to this challenge, providing students with a full understanding of the fundamental principles of chemistry on which to build later studies.Uniquely amongst the introductory chemistry texts currently available, Chemistry''s author team brings together experts in each of organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry with specialists in chemistry education to provide balanced coverage of the fundamentals of chemistry in a way that students both enjoy and understand. The result is a text that builds on what students know already from school and tackles their misunderstandings and misconceptions, thereby providing a seamless transition from school to undergraduate study. Written with unrivalled clarity, students are encouraged to engage with the text and appreciate the central role that chemistry plays in our lives through the unique use of real-world context and photographs. Chemistry tackles head-on two issues pervading chemistry education: students'' mathematical skills, and their ability to see the subject as a single, unified discipline. Instead of avoiding the maths, Chemistry provides structured support, in the form of careful explanations, reminders of key mathematical concepts, step-by-step calculations in worked examples, and a Maths Toolkit, to help students get to grips with the essential mathematical element of chemistry. Frequent cross-references highlight the connections between each strand of chemistry and explain the relationship between the topics, so students can develop an understanding of the subject as a whole. Digital formats and resourcesChemistry is available for students and institutions to purchase in a variety of formats, and is supported by online resources. The e-book offers a mobile experience and convenient access along with functionality tools, navigation features, and links that offer extra learning support: www.oxfordtextbooks.co.uk/ebooks The e-book also features interactive animations of molecular structures, screencasts in which authors talk step-by-step through selected examples and key reaction mechanisms, and self-assessment activities for each chapter. The accompanying online resources will also include, for students: Chapter 1 as an open-access PDF; Chapter summaries and key equations to download, to support revision; Worked solutions to the questions in the book.The following online resources are also provided for lecturers: Test bank of ready-made assessments for each chapter with which to test your students Problem-solving workshop activities for each chapter for you to use in class Case-studies showing how instructors are successfully using Chemistry3 in digital learning environments and to support innovative teaching practices Figures and tables from the bookTrade ReviewReview from previous edition It is a great textbook for first year courses with really good use of visual aids and excellent provision of worked examples to illustrate the concepts and their applications. It is a perfect transition from A-Level to Higher Education Chemistry. * Dr Rossana Wright, University of Nottingham *Chemistry3 is the best introductory chemistry textbook currently available. It is well written, excels in clarity of presentation, and is an outstanding book from the student learning perspective. All of the concepts covered are well explained and supported by excellent artwork. This is a book that all first and second year chemistry undergraduates should have. * Dr Gareth Owen, University of South Wales *This is an exemplar modern chemistry resource with a very rounded pedagogical approach to engaging students and supporting staff in delivering key chemical concepts and supporting facts. It is a one stop shop for mainstream chemistry fundamentals. * Dr Loretta M. Murphy, Bangor University *A fantastic all-round reference for university-level chemistry. It is a perfect way to bridge between school and university. * Adam Stubbs, student at Newcastle University *Chemistry3 is the best university chemistry text book for first and second year science students. It is comprehensive and contains all the fundamentals for chemists to know- from analytical to organic chemistry. It is also a student friendly book with tons of pictures and applications of chemistry in the real world. * Christian Nichol J. Geronimo, student at Dublin Institute of Technology *This material is fantastic and should be used alongside courses. The level of detail is exactly right for undergraduate courses and the colour coding of the boxes for worked examples and summaries make them really easy to find. There are lots of questions for you to have a go at which makes it easy to practice the new skills the book is helping to teach. * Rebecca Snelgrove, student at Keele University *Plenty of facts and figures are scattered throughout the text which makes reading not solely an educational, but also a fun activity. The examples of real life chemistry applications maintain the connection between theory and practice. The interdisciplinary approach provides a broader chemical understanding while not losing the comprehensiveness of the book. In short, a good all-in-one textbook for first-year students in chemistry. * Jelte van der Valk, student at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands *The topics are very thoroughly explained and are at exactly the right level for the student. There are many great examples illustrating the topics. It is a great book to read and study from as a student starting university. This is definitely a book I would buy, read and return to, when I needed an explanation for some basic chemistry. * Michelle Rasmussen, student at the University of Roskilde, Denmark *Table of Contents1. Fundamentals2. The language of organic chemistry3. Atomic structure and properties4. Diatomic molecules5. Polyatomic molecules6. Solids7. Acids and bases 8. Gases9. Reaction kinetics10. Molecular spectroscopy11. Analytical chemistry12. Molecular characterization13. Energy and thermochemistry14. Entropy and Gibbs energy15. Chemical equilibrium16. Electrochemistry17. Phase equilibrium and solutions18. Isomerism and stereochemistry19. Organic reaction mechanisms20. Halogenoalkanes21. Alkenes and alkynes22. Benzene and other aromatic compounds23. Aldehydes and ketones24. Carboxylic acids and derivatives25. Hydrogen26. s-Block chemistry27. p-Block chemistry28. d-Block chemistry

Read more less

Book SynopsisBrown''s Introduction to Organic Chemistry provides an introduction to organic chemistry for students who require the fundamentals of organic chemistry as a requirement for their major. It is most suited for a one semester organic chemistry course. In an attempt to highlight the relevance of the material to students, the authors place a strong emphasis on showing the interrelationship between organic chemistry and other areas of science, particularly the biological and health sciences. The text illustrates the use of organic chemistry as a tool in these sciences; it also stresses the organic compounds, both natural and synthetic, that surround us in everyday life: in pharmaceuticals, plastics, fibers, agrochemicals, surface coatings, toiletry preparations and cosmetics, food additives, adhesives, and elastomers.Table of Contents1 Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules 1 1.1 How Do We Describe the Electronic Structure of Atoms? 2 1.2 What Is the Lewis Model of Bonding? 5 1.3 How Do We Predict Bond Angles and the Shapes of Molecules? 13 1.4 How Do We Predict If a Molecule Is Polar or Nonpolar? 17 1.5 What Is Resonance? 18 1.6 What Is the Orbital Overlap Model of Covalent Bonding? 21 1.7 What Are Functional Groups? 26 Summary of Key Questions 31 Quick Quiz 32 Problems 34 Real World Problems 37 Looking Ahead 38 Group Learning Activities 39 Chemical Connections 1A Buckyball: A New Form of Carbon 16 2 Acids and Bases 40 2.1 What Are Arrhenius Acids and Bases? 41 2.2 What Are Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases? 42 2.3 How Do We Measure the Strength of an Acid or Base? 44 2.4 How Do We Determine the Position of Equilibrium in an Acid–Base Reaction? 46 2.5 What Are the Relationships between Acidity and Molecular Structure? 48 2.6 What Are Lewis Acids and Bases? 52 Summary of Key Questions 55 Quick Quiz 56 Key Reactions 57 Problems 57 Real World Problems 59 Looking Ahead 59 Group Learning Activities 60 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 61 3.1 What Are Alkanes? 62 3.2 What Is Constitutional Isomerism in Alkanes? 64 3.3 How Do We Name Alkanes? 66 3.4 What Are Cycloalkanes? 71 3.5 How Is the IUPAC System of Nomenclature Applied to Molecules that Contain Functional Groups? 72 3.6 What Are the Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes? 73 3.7 What Is Cis–Trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes? 80 3.8 What Are the Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes? 84 3.9 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkanes? 87 3.10 What Are the Sources of Alkanes? 88 Summary of Key Questions 91 Quick Quiz 92 Key Reactions 93 Problems 93 Real World Problems 97 Looking Ahead 98 Group Learning Activities 99 Putting it Together 99 Chemical Connections 3A The Poisonous Puffer Fish 81 3B Octane Rating: What Those Numbers at the Pump Mean 90 4 Alkenes and Alkynes 103 4.1 What Are the Structures and Shapes of Alkenes and Alkynes? 105 4.2 How Do We Name Alkenes and Alkynes? 107 4.3 What Are the Physical Properties of Alkenes and Alkynes? 115 4.4 Why Are 1-Alkynes (Terminal Alkynes) Weak Acids? 116 Summary of Key Questions 117 Quick Quiz 118 Problems 118 Real World Problems 121 Looking Ahead 122 Group Learning Activities 122 Chemical Connections 4A Ethylene, a Plant Growth Regulator 104 4B Cis–Trans Isomerism in Vision 106 4C Why Plants Emit Isoprene 115 5 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes 123 5.1 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alkenes? 123 5.2 What Is a Reaction Mechanism? 124 5.3 What Are the Mechanisms of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes? 130 5.4 What Are Carbocation Rearrangements? 140 5.5 What Is Hydroboration–Oxidation of an Alkene? 143 5.6 How Can an Alkene Be Reduced to an Alkane? 145 5.7 How Can an Acetylide Anion Be Used to Create a New Carbon–Carbon Bond? 148 5.8 How Can Alkynes Be Reduced to Alkenes and Alkanes? 150 Summary of Key Questions 151 Quick Quiz 152 Key Reactions 153 Problems 154 Chemical Transformation 157 Real World Problems 158 Looking Ahead 158 Group Learning Activities 159 Chemical Connections 5A Catalytic Cracking and the Importance of Alkenes 127 6 Chirality: The Handedness of Molecules 160 6.1 What Are Stereoisomers? 161 6.2 What Are Enantiomers? 161 6.3 How Do We Designate the Configuration of a Stereocenter? 166 6.4 What Is the 2n Rule? 168 6.5 How Do We Describe the Chirality of Cyclic Molecules with Two Stereocenters? 172 6.6 How Do We Describe the Chirality of Molecules with Three or More Stereocenters? 174 6.7 What Are the Properties of Stereoisomers? 174 6.8 How Is Chirality Detected in the Laboratory? 175 6.9 What Is the Significance of Chirality in the Biological World? 176 6.10 How Can Enantiomers Be Resolved? 177 Summary of Key Questions 179 Quick Quiz 180 Problems 181 Chemical Transformations 184 Real World Problems 185 Looking Ahead 186 Group Learning Activities 187 Putting it Together 187 Chemical Connections 6A Chiral Drugs 178 7 Haloalkanes 190 7.1 How Are Haloalkanes Named? 191 7.2 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Haloalkanes? 193 7.3 What Are the Products of Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Reactions? 195 7.4 What Are the SN2 and SN1 Mechanisms for Nucleophilic Substitution? 197 7.5 What Determines Whether SN1 or SN2 Predominates? 201 7.6 How Can SN1 and SN2 Be Predicted Based on Experimental Conditions? 206 7.7 What Are the Products of β‐Elimination? 208 7.8 What Are the E1 and E2 Mechanisms for β‐Elimination? 211 7.9 When Do Nucleophilic Substitution and β‐Elimination Compete? 214 Summary of Key Questions 217 Quick Quiz 218 Key Reactions 218 Problems 219 Chemical Transformations 223 Looking Ahead 224 Group Learning Activities 225 Chemical Connections 7A The Environmental Impact of Chlorofluorocarbons 193 7B The Effect of Chlorofluorocarbon Legislation on Asthma Sufferers 216 8 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols 226 8.1 What Are Alcohols? 227 8.2 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Alcohols? 232 8.3 What Are Ethers? 245 8.4 What Are Epoxides? 249 8.5 What Are Thiols? 253 8.6 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Thiols? 256 Summary of Key Questions 257 Quick Quiz 258 Key Reactions 259 Problems 260 Chemical Transformations 263 Real World Problems 264 Looking Ahead 264 Group Learning Activities 265 Chemical Connections 8A Nitroglycerin: An Explosive and a Drug 230 8B Blood Alcohol Screening 245 8C Ethylene Oxide: A Chemical Sterilant 253 9 Benzene and Its Derivatives 266 9.1 What Is the Structure of Benzene? 267 9.2 What Is Aromaticity? 270 9.3 How Are Benzene Compounds Named, and What Are Their Physical Properties? 273 9.4 What Is a Benzylic Position, and How Does It Contribute to Benzene Reactivity? 276 9.5 What Is Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 278 9.6 What Is the Mechanism of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 279 9.7 How Do Existing Substituents on Benzene Affect Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution? 288 9.8 What Are Phenols? 296 Summary of Key Questions 303 Quick Quiz 304 Key Reactions 304 Problems 305 Chemical Transformations 309 Real World Problems 310 Looking Ahead 311 Group Learning Activities 312 Chemical Connections 9A Carcinogenic Polynuclear Aromatics and Cancer 277 9B Capsaicin, for Those Who Like It Hot 300 10 Amines 313 10.1 What Are Amines? 313 10.2 How Are Amines Named? 316 10.3 What Are the Characteristic Physical Properties of Amines? 319 10.4 What Are the Acid–Base Properties of Amines? 321 10.5 What Are the Reactions of Amines with Acids? 325 10.6 How Are Arylamines Synthesized? 327 10.7 How Do Amines Act as Nucleophiles? 328 Summary of Key Questions 330 Quick Quiz 331 Key Reactions 331 Problems 332 Chemical Transformations 334 Real World Problems 335 Looking Ahead 337 Group Learning Activities 337 Putting it Together 338 Chemical Connections 10A Morphine as a Clue in the Design and Discovery of Drugs 314 10B The Poison Dart Frogs of South America: Lethal Amines 319 11 Spectroscopy 341 11.1 What Is Electromagnetic Radiation? 342 11.2 What Is Molecular Spectroscopy? 344 11.3 What Is Infrared Spectroscopy? 344 11.4 How Do We Interpret Infrared Spectra? 347 11.5 What Is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance? 358 11.6 What Is Shielding? 360 11.7 What Is a 1H-NMR Spectrum? 360 11.8 How Many Resonance Signals Will a Compound Yield in Its 1H‐NMR Spectrum? 362 11.9 What Is Signal Integration? 365 11.10 What Is Chemical Shift? 366 11.11 What Is Signal Splitting? 368 11.12 What Is 13C‐NMR Spectroscopy, and How Does It Differ from 1H‐NMR Spectroscopy? 371 11.13 How Do We Solve an NMR Problem? 374 Summary of Key Questions 378 Quick Quiz 380 Problems 381 Real World Problems 393 Looking Ahead 394 Group Learning Activities 395 Chemical Connections 11A Infrared Spectroscopy: A Window on Brain Activity 348 11B Infrared Spectroscopy: A Window on Climate Change 354 11C Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 371 12 Aldehydes and Ketones 396 12.1 What Are Aldehydes and Ketones? 397 12.2 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Named? 397 12.3 What Are the Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones? 401 12.4 What Is the Most Common Reaction Theme of Aldehydes and Ketones? 402 12.5 What Are Grignard Reagents, and How Do They React with Aldehydes and Ketones? 402 12.6 What Are Hemiacetals and Acetals? 407 12.7 How Do Aldehydes and Ketones React with Ammonia and Amines? 413 12.8 What Is Keto‐Enol Tautomerism? 417 12.9 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Oxidized? 420 12.10 How Are Aldehydes and Ketones Reduced? 423 Summary of Key Questions 425 Quick Quiz 426 Key Reactions 427 Problems 428 Chemical Transformations 431 Spectroscopy 432 Real World Problems 433 Looking Ahead 435 Group Learning Activities 436 Chemical Connections 12A A Green Synthesis of Adipic Acid 422 13 Carboxylic Acids 437 13.1 What Are Carboxylic Acids? 437 13.2 How Are Carboxylic Acids Named? 438 13.3 What Are the Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids? 441 13.4 What Are the Acid–Base Properties of Carboxylic Acids? 442 13.5 How Are Carboxyl Groups Reduced? 446 13.6 What Is Fischer Esterification? 449 13.7 What Are Acid Chlorides? 453 13.8 What Is Decarboxylation? 455 Summary of Key Questions 459 Quick Quiz 459 Key Reactions 460 Problems 461 Chemical Transformations 464 Real World Problems 464 Looking Ahead 467 Group Learning Activities 467 Chemical Connections 13A From Willow Bark to Aspirin and Beyond 446 13B Esters as Flavoring Agents 451 13C Ketone Bodies and Diabetes 456 14 Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids 468 14.1 What Are Some Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids, and How Are They Named? 469 14.2 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives? 474 14.3 What Is Hydrolysis? 475 14.4 How Do Carboxylic Acid Derivatives React with Alcohols? 480 14.5 How Do Carboxylic Acid Derivatives React with Ammonia and Amines? 483 14.6 How Can Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Be Interconverted? 485 14.7 How Do Esters React with Grignard Reagents? 486 14.8 How Are Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids Reduced? 488 Summary of Key Questions 492 Quick Quiz 493 Key Reactions 493 Problems 495 Chemical Transformations 498 Real World Problems 498 Looking Ahead 501 Group Learning Activities 501 Putting it Together 501 Chemical Connections 14A Ultraviolet Sunscreens and Sunblocks 470 14B From Moldy Clover to a Blood Thinner 471 14C The Penicillins and Cephalosporins: β‐Lactam Antibiotics 472 14D The Pyrethrins: Natural Insecticides of Plant Origin 482 14E Systematic Acquired Resistance in Plants 485 15 Enolate Anions 504 15.1 What Are Enolate Anions, and How Are They Formed? 505 15.2 What Is the Aldol Reaction? 508 15.3 What Are the Claisen and Dieckmann Condensations? 515 15.4 How Are Aldol Reactions and Claisen Condensations Involved in Biological Processes? 522 15.5 What Is the Michael Reaction? 524 Summary of Key Questions 531 Quick Quiz 531 Key Reactions 532 Problems 533 Chemical Transformations 536 Real World Problems 537 Looking Ahead 540 Group Learning Activities 541 Chemical Connections 15A Drugs That Lower Plasma Levels of Cholesterol 523 15B Antitumor Compounds: The Michael Reaction in Nature 530 16 Organic Polymer Chemistry 542 16.1 What Is the Architecture of Polymers? 543 16.2 How Do We Name and Show the Structure of a Polymer? 543 16.3 What Is Polymer Morphology? Crystalline versus Amorphous Materials 545 16.4 What Is Step‐Growth Polymerization? 546 16.5 What Are Chain‐Growth Polymers? 551 16.6 What Plastics Are Currently Recycled in Large Quantities? 557 Summary of Key Questions 558 Quick Quiz 559 Key Reactions 560 Problems 560 Real World Problem 562 Looking Ahead 562 Group Learning Activities 562 Chemical Connections 16A Stitches That Dissolve 551 16B Paper or Plastic? 553 17 Carbohydrates 563 17.1 What Are Carbohydrates? 563 17.2 What Are Monosaccharides? 564 17.3 What Are the Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides? 568 17.4 What Are the Characteristic Reactions of Monosaccharides? 573 17.5 What Are Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides? 577 17.6 What Are Polysaccharides? 581 Summary of Key Questions 583 Quick Quiz 584 Key Reactions 585 Problems 586 Real World Problems 588 Looking Ahead 590 Group Learning Activities 591 Putting it Together 591 Chemical Connections 17A Relative Sweetness of Carbohydrate and Artificial Sweeteners 578 17B A, B, AB, and O Blood‐Group Substances 579 18 Amino Acids and Proteins 595 18.1 What Are the Many Functions of Proteins? 595 18.2 What Are Amino Acids? 596 18.3 What Are the Acid–Base Properties of Amino Acids? 599 18.4 What Are Polypeptides and Proteins? 606 18.5 What Is the Primary Structure of a Polypeptide or Protein? 607 18.6 What Are the Three‐Dimensional Shapes of Polypeptides and Proteins? 611 Summary of Key Questions 618 Quick Quiz 619 Key Reactions 620 Problems 620 Real World Problems 622 Looking Ahead 623 Group Learning Activities 623 Chemical Connections 18A Spider Silk: A Chemical and Engineering Wonder of Nature 616 19 Lipids (Online Chapter) 624 19.1 What Are Triglycerides? 624 19.2 What Are Soaps and Detergents? 628 19.3 What Are Phospholipids? 630 19.4 What Are Steroids? 632 19.5 What Are Prostaglandins? 637 19.6 What Are Fat‐Soluble Vitamins? 640 Summary of Key Questions 643 Quick Quiz 644 Problems 644 Real World Problems 646 Looking Ahead 646 Group Learning Activities 647 Chemical Connections 19A Snake Venom Phospholipases 632 19B Nonsteroidal Estrogen Antagonists 636 20 Nucleic Acids (Online Chapter) 648 20.1 What Are Nucleosides and Nucleotides? 648 20.2 What Is the Structure of DNA? 652 20.3 What Are Ribonucleic Acids (RNA)? 658 20.4 What Is the Genetic Code? 660 20.5 How Is DNA Sequenced? 662 Summary of Key Questions 667 Quick Quiz 668 Problems 669 Real World Problems 671 Group Learning Activities 671 Chemical Connections 20A The Search for Antiviral Drugs 650 20B DNA Fingerprinting 666 21 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolism (Online Chapter) 672 21.1 What Are the Key Participants in Glycolysis, the β‐Oxidation of Fatty Acids, and the Citric Acid Cycle? 673 21.2 What Is Glycolysis? 678 21.3 What Are the Ten Reactions of Glycolysis? 678 21.4 What Are the Fates of Pyruvate? 683 21.5 What Are the Reactions of the β‐Oxidation of Fatty Acids? 685 21.6 What Are the Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle? 689 Summary of Key Questions 692 Quick Quiz 693 Key Reactions 693 Problems 694 Real World Problems 695 Group Learning Activities 696 Appendix 1 Acid Ionization Constants for the Major Classes of Organic Acids A.1 Characteristic 1H‐NMR Chemical Shifts A.1 Appendix 2 Characteristic 13C‐NMR Chemical Shifts A.2 Characteristic Infrared Absorption Frequencies A.2 Glossary G.1 Answers Section Ans.1 Index I.1

Read more less

Book Synopsis** GUARDIAN SCIENCE BOOK OF THE YEAR 2017 **‘Popular science at its best’Mail on Sunday‘Eminently accessible and enjoyable’ObserverWith every breath, you literally inhale the history of the world. On the ides of March, 44 BC, Julius Caesar died of stab wounds in the Roman Senate, but the story of his last breath is still unfolding. In fact, you're probably inhaling some of it now. Of the sextillions of molecules entering or leaving your lungs at this moment, some might also bear traces of Cleopatra's perfumes, German mustard gas, particles exhaled by dinosaurs or emitted by atomic bombs, even remnants of stardust from the universe's creation. In Caesar’s Last Breath, New York Times bestselling author Sam Kean takes us on a journey through the periodic table, around the globe and across time to tell the epic story of the air we breathe.Trade ReviewAbsorbing, entertaining... provocative but compelling... eminently accessible and enjoyable. A real gas - in short! -- Robin McKie * Observer *Funny, clever and altogether effervescent... Kean writes superbly about science itself... A joy for any reader -- James McConnachie * The Sunday Times *There is no denying the pleasure and indeed the wealth of scientific information to be obtained from reading Caesar’s Last Breath. It will change forever the way I think about breathing. * Financial Times *Kean is the teacher you wish you'd had: genial, companionable and infectiously enthusiastic. This is an entertaining and accessible guide to the mysterious vapour of gases. Popular science at its best. -- Simon Humphreys * Mail on Sunday *It’s a helluva read. And it’s a gas. -- Tim Radford * The Guardian *An altogether excellent read, an invigorating and stylish mixture of chemistry, history and reportage that brings to light many of the untold stories of the air that surrounds and sustains us * Times Literary Supplement *This vibrant, fact-filled science book makes the chemistry of air riveting * Sunday Times Must Reads *Told with Kean’s trademark combination of goofy wisecracking and an exceptional knack for communicating the principles of science * Wall Street Journal *Fascinating stories, so insightful, informative, and disarmingly written. It gave this astronaut a new respect for the air around us all, and made me delightfully more aware of each breath I take. -- Col. Chris Hadfield, author of An Astronaut's Guide to Life on EarthBrims with such fascinating tales of chemical history that it'll change the very way you think about breathing.... Kean crams the book full of wild yarns told with humorously dramatic flair.... The effect is oddly intimate, the way all good storytelling is -- you feel like you're sharing moments of geeky amusement with a particularly hip chemistry teacher * San Francisco Chronicle *The most fun to be had from nonfiction is a good science book, with a writer of craft who can capture both the excitement and the elegance of science, the incredible fact that this is really how it works. Sam Kean is such a writer and Caesar's Last Breath is such a book. An enormous pleasure to read. -- Mark Kurlansky, author of CodSam Kean has done it again - this time clearly and entertainingly explaining the science of the air around us. He is a gifted storyteller with a knack for finding the magic hidden in the everyday. -- Daniel H. Pink, author of Drive

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganic chemistry plays a vital role in the pharmaceutical industry. Knowledge of organic compounds is used to inform research and further the discovery and development of new medicines. Likewise, organic chemistry is fundamental to understanding biological reactions, mechanisms and all life sciences in general. Basic Chemistry for Life Science Students and Professionals is an ideal introduction to organic chemistry in the context of the life sciences and pharmacy related disciplines; utilising drug molecules to illustrate the chemical basis of their efficacy and interaction with biological targets. This book builds upon the basic concepts of organic chemistry to develop the reader’s understanding of the importance of organic chemistry to the life sciences from natural product sources, their synthesis, and approaches to drug discovery. Ideal for undergraduate students in the natural sciences, this book is also an excellent primer for postgraduates in a variety of disciplines including forensic science and allied-health programmes as well as professionals working in related fields seeking a comprehensive introduction to organic chemistry in the context of pharmaceuticals.Table of ContentsIntroduction to Organic Compounds and Covalent Bonding; Polarity of Bonds, Electronegativity, and Intermolecular Forces; Types of Organic Compounds, Nomenclature, and Basic Reactions: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes; Types of Organic Compounds, Nomenclature, and Basic Reactions: Alkenes, Cycloalkenes and Other Unsaturated Hydrocarbons; 5 Types of Organic Compounds, Nomenclature, and Basic Reactions: Functional Groups; Isomerism in Organic Compounds and Drug Molecules: Chemistry and Significance in Biology; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Amino Acids to Proteins; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Monosaccharides to Complex Carbohydrates; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Fatty Acids to Complex Lipids and Fat; Organic Macromolecules in Cellular Structures, Metabolism, and as Drugs: From Nucleotides to Nucleic Acids; Physicochemical Properties of Organic Compounds and Drug Molecules; Drug-Target Interactions; Structural Diversity and Sources of Drugs: From Nature to Synthetic and Recombinant DNA Technology

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis Second Edition is the premier name resource in the field. It provides a handy resource for navigating the web of named reactions and reagents. Reactions and reagents are listed alphabetically, followed by relevant mechanisms, experimental data (including yields where available), and references to the primary literature.Trade Review"The number and range of reactions covered makes the book a valuable resource for readers ranging from beginning graduate students to professionals wrestling with real problems." (Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals, Volume 457, 2006) "The breath of coverage extends well beyond the confines of a typical undergraduate-beginning graduate organic chemistry course...a launching point to a vast array of named chemical reactions." (Journal of Chemical Education, December 2005) "Users of this well-known collection of organic name reactions will appreciate this updated edition...this comprehensive book contains a wealth of information...highly recommended." (CHOICE, November 2005) "...compiles and organizes the most significant organic synthesis advances to date...belongs in all academic and research environments engaged in organic chemistry." (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, September 22, 2005) “…excellent value for the money…will play a significant role as a reference work in the academic and professional realm.” (Organische Chemie, 6th September 2005) "…a homerun in the now competitive arena of named reactions texts." (Journal of Natural Products, August 2005) "I found the volume extremely useful and recommend it without reservation to all organic chemists, particularly those whose work includes synthesis design." (Synthesis, April 2006)Table of ContentsAcronyms and Abbreviations. Named Reactions. Named Reagents and Acronyms. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisProtecting Group Chemistry provides an overview of methods that allow specific sites within an organic molecule to be manipulated without affecting other sites. The book emphasises the link between the mechanisms of organic chemistry and the choice of specific protecting groups that block chemical reactivity at those sites that must remain unaffected.Trade Review"This book is another cracker from the Oxford Chemistry Primers stable that again succeeds by breaking the mould of existing books in the area". Education in Chemistry, January 2003.Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Acid-labile protecting groups ; 3. Nucleophile/base-labile protecting groups ; 4. Redox deprotection

Read more less

Book SynopsisWinner of the PROSE Award for Chemistry & Physics 2010 Acknowledging the very best in professional and scholarlypublishing, the annual PROSE Awards recognise publishers' andauthors' commitment to pioneering works of research and forcontributing to the conception, production, and design of landmarkworks in their fields.Table of ContentsPreface 1. Molecular Orbital Theory 1.1 The Atomic Orbitals of a Hydrogen Atom 1.2 Molecules Made from Hydrogen Atoms 1.3 C—H and C—C Bonds 1.4 Conjugation—Hückel Theory 1.5 Aromaticity 1.6 Strained s Bonds—Cyclopropanes and Cyclobutanes 1.7 Heteronuclear Bonds, C—M, C—X and C=O 1.8 The Tau Bond Model 1.9 Spectroscopic Methods 2. Molecular Orbitals and the Structures of Organic Molecules 2.1 The Effects of p-Conjugation 2.2 Hyperconjugation—p-Conjugation 2.3 The Configurations and Conformations of Molecules 2.4 The Effect of Conjugation on Electron Distribution 2.5 Other Non-covalent Interactions 3 Chemical Reactions—How Far and How Fast 3.1 Factors Affecting the Position of an Equilibrium 3.2 The Principle of Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) 3.3 Transition Structures 3.4 The Perturbation Theory of Reactivity 3.5 The Salem-Klopman Equation 3.6 Hard and Soft Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 3.7 Other Factors Affecting Chemical Reactivity 4 Ionic Reactions—Reactivity 4.1 Single Electron Transfer (SET) in Ionic Reactions 4.2 Nucleophilicity 4.3 Ambident Nucleophiles 4.4 Electrophilicity 4.5 Ambident Electrophiles 4.6 Carbenes 5 Ionic Reactions—Stereochemistry 5.1 The Stereochemistry of the Fundamental Organic Reactions 5.2 Diastereoselectivity 6 Pericyclic Reactions 6.1 The Four Classes of Pericyclic Reactions 6.2 Evidence for the Concertedness of Bond Making and Breaking 6.3 Symmetry-allowed and Symmetry-forbidden Reactions 6.4 Explanations for the Woodward-Hoffmann Rules 6.5 Secondary Effects 7 Radical Reactions 7.1 Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Radicals 7.2 The Abstraction of Hydrogen and Halogen Atoms 7.3 The Addition of Radicals to p-Bonds 7.4 Synthetic Applications of the Chemoselectivity of Radicals 7.5 Stereochemistry in some Radical Reactions 7.6 Ambident Radicals 7.7 Radical Coupling 8 Photochemical Reactions 8.1 Photochemical Reactions in General 8.2 Photochemical Ionic Reactions 8.3 Photochemical Pericyclic Reactions and Related Stepwise Reactions 8.4 Photochemically-Induced Radical Reactions 8.5 Chemiluminescence References Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents PART ONE: An Introduction to the Study of Organic Chemistry 1. Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding 2. Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry TUTORIAL: Acids and Bases 3. An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure PART TWO: Electrophilic Addition Reactions, Stereochemistry, and Electron Delocalization TUTORIAL: Using Molecular Models 4. Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space TUTORIAL: Interconverting Structural Representations 5. Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows 6. The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions 7. The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis 8. Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction the Reactions of Benzene TUTORIAL: Drawing Resonance Contributors PART THREE: Substitution and Elimination Reactions 9. Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides 10. Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds 11. Organometallic Compounds 12. Radicals TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows in Radical Systems PART FOUR: Identification of Organic Compounds 13. Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; and UV/Vis Spectroscopy 14. NMR Spectroscopy PART FIVE: Carbonyl Compounds 15. Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 16. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 17. Reactions at the α-Carbon TUTORIAL: Synthesis and Retrosynthetic Analysis PART SIX: Aromatic Compounds 18. Reactions of Benzene And Substituted Benzenes 19. More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds PART SEVEN: Bioorganic Compounds 20. The Organic Chemistry Of Carbohydrates 21. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 22. Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions 23. The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, Compounds Derived from Vitamins 24. The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways 25. The Organic Chemistry of Lipids 26. The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids PART EIGHT: Special Topics in Organic Chemistry 27. Synthetic Polymers 28. Pericyclic Reactions Appendix I – pKa Values Appendix II – Kinetics Appendix III – Summary of Methods Used to Synthesize a Particular Functional Group Appendix IV – Summary of Methods Employed to Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds Appendix V – Spectroscopy Tables Appendix VI – Physical Properties of Organic Compounds Appendix VII – Answers to Selected Problems

Read more less

Book SynopsisWorkbook for Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control Paul Wyatt Senior Lecturer and Director of Undergraduate Studies, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK Stuart Warren Reader in Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, UK. Workbook for Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control This workbook provides a comprehensive graded set of problems to illustrate and develop the themes of each of the chapters in the textbook Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control. Each problem is followed by a fully explained solution and discussion. The examples extend the student's experience of the types of molecules being synthesised by organic chemists, and the strategies they employ to control their syntheses. By working through these examples students will develop their skills in analysing synthetic challenges, and build a toolkit of strategies for planning new syntheses. Together the workbook and textbook provide a complete course in advanced organic synthesis. Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control Organic Synthesis: Strategy and Control is a sequel to Stuart Warren's bestseller Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach. The 'Disconnection' book concentrated on the planning behind the synthesis of compounds. This book focuses on putting the planning into practice. The two themes of the book are strategy and control: solving problems either by finding an alternative strategy or by controlling any established strategy to make it work. The book is divided into five sections that deal with selectivity, carbon-carbon single bonds, carbon-carbon double bonds, stereochemistry and functional group strategy. Interpenetrating this structure, the 36 chapters start with classic methods and progress to modern methods and modern strategic considerations. Heterocyclic chemistry is treated throughout the book with full mechanistic explanations as part of organic chemistry rather than a separate entity. Students and professional chemists familiar with Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach will enjoy the leap into a book designed for chemists at the coalface of organic synthesis.Trade Review?This is a must-read for any final year undergrad or PhD? student in organic chemistry, but it's more than that?it's a book for experienced chemists too.? (Reviews, May 2009)Table of ContentsPreface vii A: Introduction: Selectivity 1 1. Planning Organic Syntheses: Tactics, Strategy and Control 3 2. Chemoselectivity 7 3. Regioselectivity: Controlled Aldol Reactions 19 4. Stereoselectivity: Stereoselective Aldol Reactions 35 5. Alternative Strategies for Enone Synthesis 47 6. Choosing a Strategy: The Synthesis of Cyclopentenones 57 B: Making Carbon–Carbon Bonds 69 7. The Ortho Strategy for Aromatic Compounds 71 8. σ-Complexes of Metals 91 9. Controlling the Michael Reaction 103 10. Specific Enol Equivalents 115 11. Extended Enolates 123 12. Allyl Anions 135 13. Homoenolates 147 14. Acyl Anion Equivalents 155 C: Carbon–Carbon Double Bonds 169 15. Synthesis of Double Bonds of Defined Stereochemistry 171 16. Vinyl Anions 191 17. Electrophilic Attack on Alkenes 203 18. Vinyl Cations 221 19. Allyl Alcohols: Allyl Cation Equivalents (and More) 241 D: Stereochemistry 257 20. Control of Stereochemistry–Introduction 259 21. Diastereoselectivity 269 22. Resolution 283 23. The Chiral Pool: Asymmetric Synthesis with Natural Products as Starting Materials 295 24. Asymmetric Induction I: Reagent-Based Strategy 309 25. Asymmetric Induction II: Asymmetric Catalysis: Formation of C–O and C–N Bonds 321 26. Asymmetric Induction III: Asymmetric Catalysis: Formation of C–H and C–C Bonds 335 27. Asymmetric Induction IV: Substrate-Based Strategy 351 28. Kinetic Resolution 365 29. Enzymes: Biological Methods in Asymmetric Synthesis 377 30. New Chiral Centres from Old: Enantiomerically Pure Compounds and Sophisticated Syntheses 391 31. Strategy of Asymmetric Synthesis 405 E: Functional Group Strategy 417 32. Functionalisation of Pyridine 419 33. Oxidation of Aromatic Rings and of Enol(ate)s 433 34. Functionality and Pericyclic Reactions: Nitrogen Heterocycles by Cycloadditions and Sigmatropic Rearrangements 447 35. Synthesis and Chemistry of Azoles and other Heterocycles with Two or more Heteroatoms 459 36. Tandem Organic Reactions 473 Index 483

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe name "Allium" is said to come from the Greek word to avoid because of its offensive smell. The genus Allium includes more than 800 species of which only a few have been cultivated as foods. Many of the other members of this genus are popular with gardeners as easy to maintain perennials, although the smell of some members of the genus can be off-putting. The smell is a consequence of breakdown of sulfur-containing compounds which is a characteristic of this family of plants. Garlic, onions, leeks, chives and other members of the genus Allium occupy a unique position both as edible plants and herbal medicines, appreciated since the dawn of civilization. Alliums have been featured through the ages in literature, where they are both praised and reviled, as well as in architecture and the decorative arts. Garlic pills are top-selling herbal supplements while garlic-based products show considerable promise as environmentally friendly pesticides. The remarkable properties of the alliums can be understood based on the occurrence of a number of relatively simple sulfur-containing chemical compounds ingeniously packaged by nature in these plants. This unique book, with a foreword by 1990 Nobel Laureate E.J. Corey, outlines the extensive history and the fascinating past and present uses of these plants, sorting out fact from fiction based upon detailed scrutiny of historic documents as well as numerous laboratories studies. Readers will be entertained and educated as they learn about early cultivation of garlic and other alliums while being introduced to the chemistry and biochemistry. They will learn how alliums have been portrayed and used in literature, poetry, the arts and how alliums are featured in the world's oldest cookbook. Technical material is presented in a manner understandable to a general audience, particularly through the use of illustrations to simplify more difficult concepts and explain how experimental work is conducted. The book is heavily illustrated with examples of alliums in art, literature, agriculture, medicine and other areas and includes rare botanical drawings of many members of the genus Allium. Essential reading for anyone with a general interest in science, the book is written at a level accessible to experts and non-experts alike. It has sufficient additional detail and references to satisfy both those wanting to know more, as well as researchers in disciplines as diverse as archaeology, medicine, ecology, pharmacology, food and plant sciences, agriculture, and organic chemistry.Trade ReviewThis book brings to mind the poet Horace's formula for successful writing: He wins every hand who mingles profit with pleasure, by delighting and instructing the reader at the same time. Eric Block has certainly mixed the useful and the sweet in his book.I started BlockÆs book as a reviewer and became an admirer. A book that contributes so richly to my teaching and understanding of chemistry is a rare pleasure. -- Stephen R Pruett * ASAPDOI: 10.1021/ed2001889Publication Date (Web): April 18, 2011 *Block writes well and passionately...gives a very balanced assessment of the claims and evidence for the health benefits of eating or taking allium supplements, primarily garlic.The book is well written and illustrated: a particular bonus is the inclusion of 27 coloured botanical prints from a volume of Flora Germanica. It will probably be of most interest to students and researchers familiar with plant biochemistry, but there is also something for those curious about this group of plants that play a prominent role in cooking, culture and chemistry. -- Ian J McEwan * Biochemist e-volution *'Both entertaining, and at the same time a challenging read, there is a lot of valuable information in this book.My hat is off to Eric for the amazing contribution to the world's collection of allium science.' -- Bob Dunkel * The Garlic Press *'Block presents an entertaining and informative account of the history of garlic, onions, and other alliums. This ethnobotanic work is truly interdisciplinary, intended for a wide audience of historians, sociologists, chemists, cooks, botanists, and naturalists.Summing Up: Highly recommended. Academic, professional, and general libraries, all levels.' -- L Swatzell, Southeast Missouri State University * Choice, v 47, No 10 *'...well organized, and presents something for everyone. It should be said right away that this is far from a typical ôchemistryö book due to both the varied content and the style of presentation....it all works rather well together; it is a fine example of how complex chemistry can be contextualized in a fascinating and often entertaining way.' -- Derek A Pratt * Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2010, 49, 2 *'There is some fascinating chemistry told here. Both the chemistry itself and the story of its revelation are given in detail.Within the book there are some fascinating anecdotes - a town in America where it is illegal to attend a theatre after eating raw onions, the resigned reflection that despite its benefits 'garlic mouthwash is unlikely to be a winning consumer product' and the warning that garlic in your socks will come out on your breath. Now there's an experiment any of us can try.' -- David Quick * Education in Chemistry *'...enjoyment of this book should not be limited to scientists. The book is a virtual encyclopedia of garlic and onion facts, and while it may make a necessary addition to the food chemistÆs library, it is something that any foodie, especially a garlic lover, can enjoy.' -- Thomas J Mansell * Food and Foodways, 18: 3, 170-172 *This is a fascinating book written by an authority on the chemistry of the edible alliums, which include garlic, onions, leeks and chives. The book is well written and up-to-date. I can thoroughly recommend this book not just to natural product chemists but also to all those who have grown these plants in the garden or enjoyed eating them. It contains many anecdotes and quotations to enliven a chemist's dinner party. -- Jim Hanson * Chemistry World *What do garlic and onions have in common with gunpowder? A lot. TheyÆre incendiary. They can do harm and they delight. Sulfur is central to their powers. And they helped inspire the work of a chemist who has just published a welcome treatise on the smelly yet indispensable allium family. Dr. BlockÆs book may be the definitive word on the alliums for the moment, but as it and he make clear, there are new flavors to look forward t. -- Harold McGee * The New York Times *This book by Eric Block is a synthesis of his four decades of distinguished work with alliums.His account of this ever-increasing knowledge is accessible and will even entertain readers without a deep knowledge of chemistry.Block may look at the world through garlic-tinged lenses, but in this book he is very good at getting readers to see it his way -- Meriel Jones * Chemistry and Industry *Table of Contents1. Allium Botany and Cultivation, Ancient and Modern; 2. All Things Allium: Alliums in Literature, the Arts and Culture; 3. Allium Chemistry 101: Historical Highlights, Fascinating Facts and Unusual Uses for Alliums; 4. Chemistry in a Salad Bowl: Allium Chemistry and Biochemistry; 5. Alliums in Folk and Complementary Medicine; 6. Alliums in the Environment: Allelopathy and Allium-Derived Attractants, Antibiotics, Herbicides, Pesticides and Repellents

Read more less

Book SynopsisAlkylation of Enolates and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Compounds.- Functional Group Interconversion by Substitution, Including Protection and Deprotection.- Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.- Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds, Carbonyl Groups, and Other Functional Groups.- Concerted Cycloadditions, Unimolecular Rearrangements, and Thermal Eliminations.- Organometallic Compounds of Group I and II Metals.- Reactions Involving Transition Metals.- Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Compounds of Boron, Silicon, and Tin.- Reactions Involving Carbocations, Carbenes, and Radicals as Reactive Intermediates.- Aromatic Substitution Reactions.- Oxidations.- Multistep Syntheses.Trade ReviewFrom the reviews of the fifth edition: "Advanced Organic Chemistry … the well-known textbook for graduate students – has now appeared in a 5th edition. … Carey & Sundberg will be interesting to all students who seek a detailed understanding of organic chemistry, and who wish to refresh and embellish their existing knowledge. On the strength of the scope and quality of the explanations, this pair of texts is recommended for use as the resource of first resort for specific research questions in one’s later career." (www.organische-chemie.ch, January, 2008)Table of ContentsAlkylation of Enolates and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Compounds.- Functional Group Interconversion by Substitution, Including Protection and Deprotection.- Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.- Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds, Carbonyl Groups, and Other Functional Groups.- Concerted Cycloadditions, Unimolecular Rearrangements, and Thermal Eliminations.- Organometallic Compounds of Group I and II Metals.- Reactions Involving Transition Metals.- Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Compounds of Boron, Silicon, and Tin.- Reactions Involving Carbocations, Carbenes, and Radicals as Reactive Intermediates.- Aromatic Substitution Reactions.- Oxidations.- Multistep Syntheses.

Read more less

Book SynopsisA textbook on mechanistic organic chemistry.Table of Contents Structure, Reactivity, and Mechanism. Energetics, Kinetics, and the Investigation of Mechanism. The Strengths of Acids and Bases. Nucleophilic Substitution at a Saturated Carbon Atom. Carbocations, Electron-Deficient N and O Atoms and their Reactions. Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Substitution in Aromatic Systems. Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Addition to C=C. Nucleophilic Addition to C=O. Elimination Reactions. Carbanions and Their Reactions. Radicals and Their Reactions. Symmetry Controlled Reactions. Linear Free Energy Relationships. Select Bibliography. Index.

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents 1. Chemistry in Our Lives 2. Chemistry and Measurements 3. Matter and Energy 4. Atoms and Elements 5. Nuclear Chemistry 6. Ionic and Molecular Compounds 7. Chemical Reactions and Quantities 8. Gases 9. Solutions 10. Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium 11. Acids and Bases 12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons 13. Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers 14. Aldehydes and Ketones 15. Carbohydrates 16. Carboxylic Acids and Esters 17. Lipids 18. Amines and Amides 19. Amino Acids and Proteins 20. Enzymes and Vitamins 21. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 22. Metabolic Pathways for Carbohydrates 23. Metabolism and Energy Production 24. Metabolic Pathways for Lipids and Amino Acids

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a well-established guide to the interpretation of the mass, ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of organic compounds. It is designed for students of organic chemistry taking a course in the application of these techniques to structure determination. The text also remains useful as a source of data for organic chemists to keep on their desks throughout their career. In the seventh edition, substantial portions of the text have been revised reflecting knowledge gained during the author's teaching experience over the last seven years. The chapter on NMR has been divided into two separate chapters covering the 1D and 2D experiments. The discussion is also expanded to include accounts of the physics at a relatively simple level, following the development of the magnetization vectors as each pulse sequence is introduced. The emphasis on the uses of NMR spectroscopy in structure determination is retained. Worked examples and problem sets are included on a chapter level to allow students to practise their skills by determining the chemical structures of unknown compounds.Table of ContentsChapter 1: Mass spectra 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Ion production 1.2.1 Electron impact (EI) 1.2.2 Chemical Ionisation (CI) 1.2.3 Electrospray ionisation (ESI) 1.2.4 Fast ion bombardment (FIB or LSIMS) 1.2.5 Laser desorption (LD) and matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI) 1.3 Ion analysis 1.3.1 Magnetic analysers 1.3.2 Time-of–flight (TOF) analysers 1.3.3 Quadrupole analysers 1.3.4 Ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) analysers 1.3.5 Ion-trap analysers 1.4 Structural information from EI mass spectra 1.4.1 The features of an EI spectrum 1.4.2 The molecular ion 1.4.3 Isotopic abundances 1.4.4 Identifying the molecular ion 1.4.5 Fragmentation in EI spectra 1.5 Fragmentation in CI and FIB spectra 1.5.1 Fragmentation in CI spectra 1.5.2 Fragmentation in FIB (LSMIS) spectra 1.6 Some examples of mass spectrometry in action 1.6.1 San Joaquin oil 1.6.2 Oleic acid 1.6.3 The oviposition pheromone 1.6.4 Identifying antibodies 1.6.5 The ESI spectra of melittin and the human parathyroid hormone 1.6.6 ESI-FT-ICR and ESI-FT-Orbitrap spectra 1.7 Separation coupled to mass spectrometry 1.7.1 GC/MS and LC/MS 1.7.2 MS/MS 1.8 Interpreting the spectrum of an unknown 1.9 Internet 1.10 Bibliography 1.11 Problems 1.12 Tables of data Chapter 2: Ultraviolet and visible spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Chromophores 2.3 The absorption laws 2.4 Measurement of the spectrum 2.5 Vibrational fine structure 2.6 Selection rules and intensity 2.7 Solvent effects 2.8 Searching for a chromophore 2.9 Definitions 2.10 Conjugated dienes 2.11 Polyenes and poly-ynes 2.12 Ketones and aldehydes; p®p* transitions 2.13 Ketones and aldehydes; n®p* transitions 2.14 a,b-Unsaturated acids, esters, nitriles and amides 2.15 Aromatic compounds 2.16 Quinones 2.17 Corroles, chlorins and porphyrins 2.18 Non-conjugated interacting chromophores 2.19 The effect of steric hindrance to coplanarity 2.20 Internet 2.21 Bibliography 2.22 Problems Chapter 3: Infrared spectra 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Preparation of samples and examination in an infrared spectrometer 3.3 Selection rules 3.4 The infrared spectrum 3.5 The use of the tables of characteristic group frequencies 3.6 Stretching frequencies of single bonds to hydrogen 3.7 Stretching frequencies of triple and cumulated double bonds 3.8 Stretching frequencies in the double-bond region 3.9 Characteristic vibrations of aromatic rings 3.10 Groups absorbing in the fingerprint region 3.11 Raman spectra 3.12 Internet 3.13 Bibliography 3.14 Problems 3.15 Correlation charts 3.16 Tables of data Chapter 4: 1D-NMR spectra 4.1 Nuclear spin and resonance 4.2 Taking a spectrum 4.3 The chemical shift 4.4 Factors affecting the chemical shift 4.4.1 The inductive effect 4.4.2 Anisotropy of chemical bonds 4.4.3 Polar effects of conjugation 4.4.4 Van der Waals forces 4.4.5 Isotope effects 4.4.6 Estimating a chemical shift 4.4.7 Hydrogen bonds 4.4.8 Solvent effects and temperature 4.5 Spin-spin coupling to 13C 4.5.1 13C-2H Coupling 4.5.2 13C-1H Coupling 4.5.3 13C-13C Coupling 4.6 1H-1H Coupling—multiplicity and coupling patterns 4.6.1 1H-1H Vicinal coupling (3JHH) 4.6.2 AB systems 4.6.3 1H-1H Geminal coupling (2JHH) 4.6.4 1H-1H Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH) 4.6.5 Deviations from first-order coupling 4.7 1H-1H Coupling—the magnitude of coupling constants 4.7.1 The sign of coupling constants 4.7.2 Vicinal coupling (3JHH) 4.7.3 Geminal coupling (2JHH) 4.7.4 Long-range coupling (4JHH and 5JHH) 4.7.5 C–H coupling (1JCH, 2JCH and 3JCH) 4.8 Coupling from 1H and 13C to 19F and 31P 4.8.1 13C NMR spectra of compounds containing 19F and 31P 4.8.2 1H NMR spectra of compounds containing 19F and 31P 4.9 Relaxation and its consequences 4.9.1 Longitudinal relaxation 4.9.2 Transverse relaxation and exchange 4.10 Improving the NMR spectrum 4.10.1 The effect of changing the magnetic field 4.10.2 Solvent effects 4.10.3 Shift reagents 4.11 Spin decoupling 4.11.1 Simple spin decoupling 4.11.2 Difference decoupling 4.12 Identifying spin systems—1D-TOCSY 4.13 The nuclear Overhauser effect 4.13.1 Origins 4.13.2 NOE-Difference spectra 4.14 The rotating frame of reference 4.15 Assignment of CH3, CH2, CH and fully substituted carbons in 13C NMR 4.15.1 The Attached Proton Test (APT) 4.15.2 DEPT 4.16 Hints for structure determination using 1D-NMR 4.16.1 Carbon spectra 4.16.2 Proton spectra 4.17 Further information 4.17.1 The internet 4.17.2 Bibliography 4.18 Tables of data Chapter 5: 2D-NMR spectra 5.1 The basic pulse sequence 5.2 COSY 5.2.1 Cross peaks from scalar coupling 5.2.2 Polarisation transfer 5.2.3 The origin of cross peaks 5.2.4 Displaying COSY spectra 5.2.5 Interpreting COSY spectra 5.2.6 Axial peaks 5.2.7 Gradient pulses 5.2.8 DQF-COSY 5.2.9 Phase structure in COSY spectra 5.3 2D-TOCSY 5.4 NOESY 5.5 Cross-correlated 2D spectra identifying 1-bond connections 5.5.1 Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence (HMQC) spectra 5.5.2 Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) spectra 5.5.3 Examples of HSQC spectra 5.5.4 Non-uniform sampling (NUS) 5.5.5 Cross-peak detail—determining the sign of coupling constants 5.5.6 CLIP-HSQC 5.5.7 Deconvoluting a 1H spectrum using the HSQC spectrum 5.5.8 HSQC-TOCSY 5.5.9 HETCOR 5.6 Cross-correlated 2D spectra identifying 2- and 3-bond connections 5.6.1 The HMBC pulse sequence 5.6.2 HMBC spectra 5.7 Some specialised NMR techniques 5.7.1 ADEQUATE—identifying 13C-13C connections 5.7.2 INADEQUATE—identifying 13C-13C connections 5.7.3 HSQC-HECADE—measuring the sign and magnitude of 13C-1H coupling constants 5.8 Three- and four-dimensional NMR 5.9 Hints for structure determination using 2D-NMR 5.10 Bibliography 5.11 Table of information Chapter 6: Worked examples in structure determination 6.1 General approach 6.2 Simple worked examples using 13C NMR alone 6.3 Simple worked examples using 1H NMR alone 6.4 Simple worked examples using the combined application of MS, UV, IR and 1D-NMR spectroscopic methods 6.5 Simple worked examples using the combined application of MS, UV, IR and 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods Chapter 7: Problem sets 7.1 Chemical shift problems 7.2 1D-NMR chemical shift and coupling problems 7.3 Problems using all the spectroscopic methods Answers to problems 1-34 Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisAuthored by leading experts in the enzymology of natural product biosynthesis, this completely revised and updated edition provides a description of the types of natural products, the biosynthetic pathways that enable the production of these molecules, and an update on the discovery of novel products in the post-genomic era. Although some 500 000 – 600 000 natural products have been isolated and characterized over the past two centuries, there may be a 10-fold greater inventory awaiting immediate exploration based on biosynthetic gene cluster predictions. The approach of this book is to codify the chemical logic that underlies each natural product structural class as they are assembled from building blocks of primary metabolism. This second edition integrates many new findings into the sets of principles of the first edition that parsed categories of natural product chemistries into the underlying enzymatic mechanisms and the catalytic machinery for building the varied and complex end product metabolites. New chapters include evaluation of a core set of thermodynamically activated but kinetically stable metabolites that power both primary and secondary metabolic pathways. Also, after decades of uncertainty about the existence of various pericyclase classes, a series of genome mining, heterologous expression, and enzymatic activity characterization have validated a plethora of pericyclases over the past decade. The several types of pericyclases are involved in biosynthetic complexity generation of almost every major category of natural products. This text will serve as a reference point for chemists of every subdiscipline, including synthetic organic chemists and medicinal chemists. It will also be valuable to bioinformatic and computational biologists, pharmacognocists and chemical ecologists, and bioengineers and synthetic biologists.Table of ContentsMajor Classes of Natural Product Scaffolds and Enzymatic Biosynthetic Machinery; The Chemical Logic for Major Reaction Types; Polyketide Natural Products; Peptide Natural Products I: RiPPs; Peptide Natural Products II: Nonribosomal Peptides; Isoprenoids/Terpenes; Alkaloids I; Purine- and Pyrimidine-derived Natural Products; Phenylpropanoid Natural Product Biosynthesis; Alkaloids II: Indole Terpenes; Natural Product Oligosaccharides and Glycosides; Oxygenases, Thwarted Oxygenases, and Oxygen-dependent Halogenases; S-Adenosylmethionine; Pericyclases in Natural Product Biosynthesis; Natural Products Isolation and Characterization: Gene-independent Approaches; Natural Products in the Post Genomic Era

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe 'radicals' which are the principal subject of this book are reactive molecular fragments which may participate in chemical reactions. It has come to be recognised that these species, which may be quite indiscriminate in their mode of action, are important mediators of change within living organisms. This may be beneficial, though it is frequently associated with disease. At the same time, chemists have learnt how radical reactivity may often be tamed and put touse in the synthesis of complex molecules. This book sets out to provide a reader who has a grounding in organic chemistry with a basic understanding of radical behaviour upon which these important developments in chemistry and biology are being constructed.Table of ContentsIntroduction ; The elementary reaction steps ; Energetics, kinetics, and mechanism ; Experimental methods ; Autoxidationa case study ; Radical ions, radical pairs, and biradicals

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisRepresents practical spectroscopic methodology, reviews, and information for organic materials, surfactants, and polymer spectra covering the ultraviolet, visible, near infrared, infrared, Raman and dielectric measurement techniques. This work includes description of interpretive and chemometric techniques used for spectral data analysis.Trade Review"This Handbook can provide a valuable reference for the daily activities of students and professionals working in modern molecular spectroscopy laboratories. Any one of them, when faced with a problem could take great comfort from the knowledge that this handbook wan on his bookshelf. The Handbook contains valuable material that shoul make a substantial contribution towards aiding spectral interpretation and data processing of organic spectra, polymers, and surfactants." --CURRENT ENGINEERING PRACTICE, HANDBOOK OF MACHINERY DYNAMICS, Vol.43, Nos 2-3; July-August-Septemeber, 2000; October-November-December, 2000 "the reviewers...highly recommend this book to analytical chemists, industrial chemists, and serious spectroscopists. Although the cost is high, the value is also high. Nowhere else is such a compilation of data, techniques, references, and general spectroscopic information available. Despite the minor flaws, this is a must-have book." --SPECTROSCOPY MAGAZINE

Read more less

Book Synopsis

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of Contents1. Drug Discovery and Development: An Overview of Modern Methods and Principles 2. The Drug Discovery Process: From Ancient Times to the Present Day 3. Classical Targets in Drug Discovery 4. In Vitro Screening Systems 5. Medicinal Chemistry 6. In vitro ADME and In vivo Pharmacokinetics 7. Animal Models of Disease States 8. Safety and Toxicology 9. Antibody Drug Discovery 10. Basics of Clinical Trials 11. Translational Medicine and Biomarkers 12. Organizational Considerations and Trends in the Pharmaceutical Industry 13. Intellectual Property and Patents in Drug Discovery 14. Case Studies in Drug Discovery

Read more less

Book SynopsisTable of ContentsPART 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding 2. Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry TUTORIAL: Acids and Bases 3. An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure PART 2: ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION REACTIONS, STEREOCHEMISTRY, AND ELECTRON DELOCALIZATION TUTORIAL: Using Molecular Models 4. Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space TUTORIAL: Interconverting Structural Representations 5. Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows 6. The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions 7. The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis 8. Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction the Reactions of Benzene TUTORIAL: Drawing Resonance Contributors PART 3: SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION REACTIONS 9. Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides 10. Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds 11. Organometallic Compounds 12. Radicals TUTORIAL: Drawing Curved Arrows in Radical Systems PART 4: IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 13. Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; and UV/Vis Spectroscopy 14. NMR Spectroscopy PART 5: CARBONYL COMPOUNDS 15. Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 16. Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 17. Reactions at the α-Carbon TUTORIAL: Synthesis and Retrosynthetic Analysis PART 6: AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 18. Reactions of Benzene And Substituted Benzenes 19. More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds PART 7: BIOORGANIC COMPOUNDS 20. The Organic Chemistry Of Carbohydrates 21. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 22. Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions 23. The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, Compounds Derived from Vitamins 24. The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways 25. The Organic Chemistry of Lipids 26. The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids PART 8: SPECIAL TOPICS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 27. Synthetic Polymers 28. Pericyclic Reactions Appendices I. pKa Values II. Kinetics III. Summary of Methods Used to Synthesize a Particular Functional Group IV. Summary of Methods Employed to Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds V. Spectroscopy Tables VI. Physical Properties of Organic Compounds VII. Answers to Selected Problems

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book is a synthesis of two of Hudlicky''s earlier books outlining the many unpredictable properties of fluorine and its compounds that are not analogous to the properties of any other halogens and their compounds. It is divided into two separate sections, the first presenting peculiar reactions as problems to be solved. Each reaction can be analyzed in the lab without the help of the second section, however if a solution is not easily reached, the second section provides discussion of the problems, outlining the products of the reactions and their mechanisms. Among the 105 reactions outlined are the introduction of fluorine into organic molecules, reduction and oxidation of fluorine compounds, reactions of fluorocompounds with halogens and their derivatives, nitration, acid catalyzed reactions, organometallic syntheses, and pyrolyses. The reactions are documented in the experimental material of the earlier volumes and will be important background knowledge for anyone working in organic chemistry.Trade ReviewDeals with the dissimilarities in reactions of fluorine compounds that differ from those of chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The first section merely poses 105 questions, while part two provides thorough explanations of the answers. Hudlicky (Virginia Polytechnic Institute) covers reactions of fluoro compounds with halogen derivatives, sulfur trioxide, hydrolyses, alkylations, aldol-type condensations, organometallic syntheses, nucleophilic additions, acid catalyzed additions and substitutions, and molecular rearrangement. * SciTech Book News *Table of ContentsPart I. Problems 1: Warmup for Inorganic Chemists 2: Introduction of Fluorine 3: Reductions 4: Oxidations 5: Preparation of Halogen Derivatives 6: Nitration 7: Reactions of Sulfur Trioxide 8: Acid-Catalyzed Additions and Substitutions 9: Hydrolyses 10: Alkylations 11: Arylations 12: Acylations 13: Aldol-Type Condensations 14: Organometallic Syntheses 15: Additions 16: Eliminations 17: Rearrangements Part II. Solutions References Author Index Subject Index

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe Oxford Chemistry Masters Series is designed to provide clear and concise accounts of important topics - both established and emergent - that may be encountered by chemistry students as they progress from the senior undergraduate stage through post-graduate study to leadership in research. These Masters assume little prior knowledge, other than the foundations provided by an undergraduate degree in chemistry, and lead the reader through to an appreciation of the state of the art in the topic whilst providing an entree to the primary literature in the field.Radical reactions exhibit many of the characteristics desired by synthetic organic chemists: mild, generally neutral experimental conditions; diminished susceptibility to eliminations and rearrangements; relative insensitivity to the nature of the solvent and to steric effects; a compatibility with functional groups that is often complementary to that of ionic and organometallic reactions, obviating in many situations the need for laborious and costly protection-deprotection steps. Yet elementary radical reactions are ultra-fast processes and their taming requires some knowledge of their kinetics and rate constants, which have only relatively recently become available. Not surprisingly, transformations involving radical intermediates have long harboured the reputation of beeing difficult to control, suitable only for the synthesis of polymers and tars. This book provides a description of radical reactions and their applications in organic synthesis. It attempts to show that armed with an elementary knowledge of kinetics and some common sense, it is possible to harness radicals into a tremendously powerful tool for solving synthetic problems. The book starts with a brief historical account and presentation of the basics. It then blends the discussion of the properties of radical processes with the now familiar chemistry of stannanes. Radicals being the same entities, whichever method is used to generate them, a study of the various processes for the creation and capture of radicals constitutes the remainder of the book. Silicon and mercury based techniques as well as the Barton and related decarboxylation procedures are discussed in detail, followed by the Kharasch type atom and group transfer reactions. The increasingly important persistent radical effect, also known as the Fischer-Ingold effect, is examined in the context of non-chain reactions. Both the Kharasch based methods and the persistent radical effect have recently been applied in the emerging field of controlled radical polymerisations. Finally, the vast domain of redox processes is presented in a unified manner with the aim of providing a simple rationale for the multitude of possible transformation. The book concludes with a brief overview and some general practical hints for conducting radical reactions. More than 700 references provide access to the primary literature.Trade ReviewThe book is of interest to researchers involved in organic synthesis ... you may learn a few tricks in making new monomers and polymers by using the new methods adopted in this book. * Materials World *The book illustrates many important applications of radical reactions and a notable feature is the good number of references given at the end of all chapters. * Education in Chemistry *... should prove helpful to chemists interested in designing their own radical transformations. * Education in Chemistry *Table of ContentsPreface ; 1. Introduction and some general concepts ; 2. General principles: chain reactions based on stannane chemistry ; 3. Further chain reactions of stannanes ; 4. Organo-silicon, -germanium, and -mercury hydrides ; 5. The Barton decarboxylation and related reactions ; 6. Atom and group transfer reactions ; 7. The persistent radical effect: non-chain processes ; 8. Redox processes ; 9. Some concluding remarks

Read more less

Book SynopsisAll the basic principles of this important topic are clearly presented here in an account which takes as examples many compounds of industrial and biological significance. Consideration is given to the structure, reactions, and properties of benzene and classes of aromatic compounds derived from it, and topics such as thermodynamic versus kinetic control and pericyclic reactions are introduced. The text also covers polycyclic arenes and the small and large ring systems which are embraced by the wider definition of aromaticity.Trade Review`treatment is authoritative ... could usefully supplement a first or second year degree course of lectures' Aslib Book List, Vol. 58, No. 2, February 1993'The text is well organised, clearly presented and concise, and allows the reader readily to gain an appreciation and understanding of the subject material. The Oxford Chemistry Primers aim to provide students with self-contained, clear, concise, and straightforward accounts of essential topics in organic chemistry. In my view the present text fulfils these aims admirably ... it represents very good value and is to be highly recommended.' Times Higher'well written with a design format which is easy to follow ... The numerous diagrams used throughout the texts are clear, concise and informative. A good reading material for first year organic chemistry stuents and good value for money.' N. Peerzada, Chemistry in Australia - March 1994Table of Contents1. Benzene ; 2. Addition versus electrophilic substitution reactions ; 3. Orientation of substitution in benzene derivatives ; 4. Arylmalides ; 5. Aromatic nitroso and nitro compounds ; 6. Sulphonic acids and their derivatives ; 7. Phenols ; 8. Aromatic alcohols ; 9. Aromatic aldehydes, acids, and derivatives ; 10. Polycyclic arenes ; 11. Small and large ring systems

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book describes the coordination chemistry of macrocyclic ligands. Common types of ligands are introduced and strategies for the synthesis of the free ligands and their metal complexes are discussed. The unique thermodynamic and kinetic properties of macrocyclic complexes are introduced and applications of the ligands presented. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate students and assumes a knowledge of organic and inorganic chemistry atthe second year undergraduate level.

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis book introduces an undergraduate reader to the wealth of fascinating organic chemistry involving nitrogen. There are three main sections to the book, each being introduced by a summary of the underlying chemical principles. The main organonitrogen functional groups are covered systematically, each chapter concluding with a brief summary of the chemistry.Table of ContentsPART A ; PART B ; PART C

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe energy which a molecule can possess is quantized, that is only certain values are allowed. When radiation interacts with matter composed of such molecules, energy can be transferred to the molecules to promote specific excitations. Since only discrete amounts of energy are passed across, only light of characteristic frequencies can interact with the molecules. This set of frequencies is called its spectrum. This concise text uses a range ofexamples to describe how such spectra can arise and what information on the structure can be acquired from their study.Trade ReviewProfessor Brown succeeds admirably. ...The clear diagrams in the margin facilitate understanding of the subject matter. Book Watch/The Chemical Intelligencer Vol 5 No 2 April 1999Table of Contents1. Radiation and Matter ; 2. Quantization and Molecular Energy Levels ; 3. Transition Probabilities and Selection Rules ; 4. Rotational Spectroscopy ; 5. Vibrational Spectroscopy ; 6. Raman Spectroscopy ; 7. Electronic Spectroscopy

Read more less

Book SynopsisProcess development bridges the gap between the laboratory synthesis of an organic compound and its industrial manufacture on a large scale. This book uses real examples to show the range of problems which may be encountered in scaling up chemical syntheses and the ways in which they may be overcome.Trade Reviewexcellent..volume * Chemistry in Britain *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. Scale up issues ; 2. Environmental and regulatory issyes ; 3. Fun with cephalosporins ; 4. Thromboxane antagonists ; 5. Homochiral thrombozane antagonists ; 6. H2 blockers ; 7. Development of a manufacturing route for cloprostenol sodium ; 8. Synthesis of a potentially anti-obesity agent ; 9. Reagents for large scale operation

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe characteristic properties of functional groups and the methods for interconverting them are the foundations of organic chemistry central to all first year University organic chemistry courses. This primer will provide an extremely useful introduction to reactions of functional groups in a concise and systematic form.Trade Reviewa useful revisionary source of material. * Aslib Book Guide, vol.61, no.12, December 1996. *Table of Contents1. The approach and background topics ; 2. Organic halides ; 3. Organometallic compounds ; 4. Alkanes ; 5. Alkenes ; 6. Alkynes ; 7. Aldehydes and ketons ; 8. Carboxylic acids and derivatives ; 10. Ethers ; 11. Amines

Read more less

Book SynopsisEvery serious student of chemistry should try to develop a `feel'' for the way molecules behave - for the way they are put together and especially for the rules of engagement which operate when molecules meet and react. This primer describes how stereoelectronic effects control this behaviour. It is the only concise text on this topic at an undergraduate level. This is an important subject area and the comprehensive yet concise coverage in this book shows students how to build up a powerful but simple way of thinking about chemistry.Trade ReviewThe subject is presented authoritatively, systematically and concisely without resort to mathematical treatment. As this subject is often given little coverage in textbooks or organic chemistry this text is to be welcomed. * Aslib Book Guide, vol.61, no.11, November 1996 *This book is a useful introduction to stereo-electronic effects in organic chemistry. The style is engaging ... this book is an excellent supplementary text for undergraduates. Sponsorship for the series by Zeneca also ensures that it is extremely good value for money. * Chemistry in Britain, September 1997 *engaging critique of biography .... enjoyable and thought provoking * New Scientist *Table of ContentsIntroduction ; 1. The electronic basis of stereoelectronic effects ; 2. Effects on conformation ; 3. Effects on reactivity ; 4. Substitutions at saturated centres ; 5. Additions and eliminations ; 6. Rearrangements and fragmentations ; 7. Radical reactions

Read more less

Book SynopsisThis clear and concise text is concerned with the reactions used in stereoselective organic synthesis. These are important types of reactions which can be used for the selective preparation of new organic compounds with a defined and predictable three dimensional architecture. This informative text will be an invaluable study aid for all undergraduate chemistry students. Undergraduates in related subjects studying chemistry to second year level or higher will alsofind this book useful.Table of Contents1. Introduction ; 2. Stereochemistry of reactions ; 3. Additions to carbonyl compounds ; 4. Reactions of enolates ; 5. Aldol reactions ; 6. Additions to double bonds ; 7. Reduction ; 8. Oxidation ; 9. Rearrangements ; 10. Hydrolysis and esterification ; Answers to problems ; Index

Read more less

Book Synopsis''How to succeed in organic chemistry'' gives the reader a solid understanding of the principles of organic reaction mechanisms, such that they can draw structures, stereoisomers and reaction mechanisms with confidence. Throughout, the author speaks the language of students to build their confidence and interest.At heart, the book promotes active learning to ensure the necessary skills become so ingrained that they become something students simply cannot forget, and do not need to revise. As such, the book structures learning so that the reader encounters the right things at the right time, helping to ''internalise'' key concepts.Concepts, explanations and examples are presented in short, easy-to-read chapters, each of which explores one of a number of themes, including ''Basics'', ''Habits'', ''Common error'', ''Reaction detail'', and ''Practice''.Digital formats and resources How to Succeed in Organic Chemistry is supported by online resources and is available for students and institTrade ReviewI liked the slightly informal tone of writing, almost as if I was being taught one-to-one by the author. It felt personal and honest, as if the author wrote the book to help me personally. * Stephen Robertson, student, University of York *This book would be a chemistry student's friend. It is different to any I have read before. There is a comforting level of informality, where you felt like your friend was going through and explaining things to you. * Yasmine Biddick, student, University of Birmingham *This text represents a new way to teach organic chemistry and produce independent, critically thinking chemists; it acknowledges the connected world in which students live and utilises that to avoid the traditional endless lists of reactions for rote learning. Instead, this text focuses on the discipline and practice required by the novice and gives them the tools to become an expert. * Dr Jennifer Slaughter, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester *This is a unique textbook that does something no other text does - it speaks the language of the modern student and is formatted with that in mind. * Professor Mark Bagley, Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex *Table of ContentsSection 1: Laying the Foundations Basics 1: Structures of Organic Compounds Habit 1: Always Draw Structures with Realistic Geometry Basics 2: Functional Groups and "R" Groups Basics 3: Naming Organic Compounds Practice 1: Drawing Structures from Chemical Names Basics 4: Isomerism in Organic Chemistry - Constitutional Isomers Practice 2: Constitutional Isomers and Chemical Names Habit 2: Identifying When a Formula is Possible Practice 3: Double Bond Equivalents Common Error 1: Formulae, Functional Groups and Double Bond Equivalents Habit 3: Ignore What Doesn't Change Basics 5: Electronegativity, Bond Polarisation and Inductive Effects Practice 4: Bond Polarisation and Electronegativity Basics 6: Bonding in Organic Compounds Practice 5: Hybridisation Basics 7: Bonding and Antibonding Orbitals Basics 8: Introduction to Curly Arrows Fundamental Reaction Type 1: Nucleophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon Practice 6: Electronegativity in Context Fundamental Reaction Type 2: Elimination Reactions Section 2: Building on the Foundations Basics 9: Breaking Bonds DS Linking Curly Arrows and Molecular Orbitals Common Error 2: Curly Arrows Basics 10: Conjugation and Resonance Basics 11: Thermodynamic Definitions Basics 12: Bond Dissociation Energy Basics 13: Calculating Enthalpy of Reaction from Bond Dissociation Energies Perspective 1: A Closer Look at Bond Dissociation Energies Practice 7: Calculating Enthalpy of Reaction from Bond Dissociation Energy Basics 14: Energetics and Reaction Profiles Basics 15: How Fast Are Reactions? Basics 16: Introduction to Carbocations, Carbanions and Free-Radicals Basics 17: Carbocations 2 - More Factors Affecting Stability Basics 18: Carbanions 2 - Stability and pKa Perspective 2: A Scale for Carbocation Stability Common Error 3: Methyl Groups are Electron-Releasing Practice 8: Drawing Resonance Forms for Carbocations and Carbanions Common Error 4: Resonance Basics 19: The Hammond Postulate Basics 20: Conjugation and Stability - The Evidence Common Error 5: Carbocations and Carbanions Basics 21: Reactivity of Conjugated Systems Basics 22: Acid Catalysis in Organic Reactions Part 1 Reaction Detail 1: Nucleophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon Basics 23: What Defines a Transition State? Perspective 3: Bonding Beyond Hybridisation Fundamental Knowledge Recap 1: Bond Lengths and Strengths Fundamental Knowledge Recap 2: pKa Section 3: A Focus on Shape Habit 4: Representing Stereochemistry - Flying Wedge and Newman Projections Basics 23: Isomerism in Organic Chemistry - Configurational Isomers Habit 5: Getting Used to Drawing Stereoisomers Practice 9: Getting Used to Stereoisomers Habit 6: Assignment of Stereochemistry - The Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules Practice 10: Assigning Stereochemistry Habit 7: Stereoisomers with Symmetry Basics 25: Properties of Stereoisomers Reaction Detail 2: Stereochemical Aspects of Substitution Reactions Common Error 6: Substitution Reactions Reaction Detail 3: Substitution with Retention of Configuration Common Error 7: Stereochemical Errors Section 4: Types of Selectivity Basics 26: Selectivity in Organic Chemistry - Chemoselectivity Basics 27: Selectivity in Organic Chemistry - Regioselectivity Basics 28: Selectivity in Organic Chemistry - Stereoselectivity Basics 29: Stereochemical Definitions Relating to Reactions Section 5: Bonds Can Rotate Basics 30: Isomerism in Organic Chemistry - Conformational Isomers Practice 11: Conformational Analysis Applications 1: Conformational Isomers 2 Applications 2: SN2 Substitution Reactions Forming Three-Membered Rings Basics 31: Introduction to Cyclohexanes Practice 12: Drawing Cyclohexanes Applications 3: Substitution Reactions of Cyclohexanes Basics 32: Quantifying Conformers of Cyclohexanes Basics 33: More Conformers of Cyclohexanes and Related Compounds Practice 13: Drawing More Complex Cyclohexanes Common Error 8: Cyclohexanes Section 6: Eliminating the Learning Reaction Detail 4: Elimination Reactions Perspective 4: A Continuum of Mechanisms Basics 34: More Substituted Alkenes Are More Stable Basics 35: Enthalpy Changes for Reactions Involving Anionic Species Applications 4: Stereochemistry of Elimination Reactions Basics 36: Stereospecificity Applications 5: Elimination Reactions of Cyclohexanes Common Error 9: Elimination Reaction Reaction Detail 5: Allylic Substitution Section 7: Building Skills Worked Problem 1: Curly Arrows and Reaction Profiles Worked Problem 2: Competing SN1 Substitution and E1 Elimination Worked Problem 3: Competing SN2 Substitution and E2 Elimination Worked Problem 4: Acid Catalysis in Organic Reactions Part 2 Worked Problem 5: Epoxide Opening Reactions Worked Problem 6: Is cis-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol Really Achiral? Worked Problem 7: The Furst-Plattner Rule Worked Problem 8: SN2' Stereochemistry and Conformations Worked Problem 9: Complex Substitution Stereochemistry Worked Problem 10: Cyclisation Reactions Solution to Problem 1: Curly Arrows and Reaction Profiles Solution to Problem 2: Competing SN1 Substitution and E1 Elimination Solution to Problem 3: Competing SN2 Substitution and E2 Elimination Solution to Problem 4: Acid Catalysis in Organic Reactions Part 2 Solution to Problem 5: Epoxide Opening Reactions Solution to Problem 6: Is cis-Cyclohexane-1,2-diol Really Achiral? Solution to Problem 7: The Furst-Plattner Rule Solution to Problem 8: SN2' Stereochemistry and Conformations Solution to Problem 9: Complex Substitution Stereochemistry Solution to Problem 10: Cyclisation Reactions

Read more less

Book SynopsisBy tackling the most central ideas in chemistry, Why Chemical Reactions Happen provides the reader with all the tools and concepts needed to think like a chemist. The text takes a unified approach to the subject, aiming to help the reader develop a real overview of chemical processes, by avoiding the traditional divisions of physical, inorganic and organic chemistry. To understand how chemical reactions happen we need to know about the bonding in molecules, how molecules interact, what determines whether an interaction is favourable or not, and what the outcome will be. Answering these questions requires an understanding of topics from quantum mechanics, through thermodynamics, to curly arrows. In this book all of these topics are presented in a coherent and coordinated fashion, showing how each leads to a deeper understanding of chemical reactions.Trade ReviewI feel that Peter and James have done a tremendous job of explaining chemical reactions using perspectives that are not used in traditional text books. They explain reactions in terms of bonding theories and orbitals rather than solely using kinetics and equilibrium. The author's use of visual representations throughout the book increases the comprehension of the material covered in the text. I look forward to using this textbook in my organic chemistry courses. Physical Sciences Educational Reviews 2004.'Why Chemical Reactions Happen is one of nature's secrets....This insightful book reveals in clear and impressive style what motivates molecules to metamorphose into something new. It supplies all the essentials for understanding entrophy and how to choreograph molecular transformations to its music' Times Higher Education Supplement, February 2004.Table of Contents1. What this book is about and who should read it ; 2. What makes a reaction go? ; 3. Ionic interactions ; 4. Electrons in atoms ; 5. Electrons in simple molecules ; 6. Electrons in larger molecules ; 7. Reactions ; 8. Equilibrium ; 9. Rates of reaction ; 10. Bonding in extended systems - conjugation ; 11. Substitution and elimination reactions ; 12. The effects of the solvent ; 13. Leaving groups ; 14. Competing reactions

Read more less

Book SynopsisWhy do certain substances react together in the way that they do? What determines the shape of molecules? And how can we predict whether a particular reaction will happen at all?Such questions lie at the heart of chemistry - the science of understanding the composition of substances, their reactions, and properties. While often fragmented into the strands of inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry, a full understanding of chemistry can only be gained by seeing the subject as a single, unified whole.Chemical Structure and Reactivity rises to the challenge of depicting the reality of chemistry. Offering a fresh approach to undergraduate teaching, it depicts the subject as a seamless discipline, showing how organic, inorganic, and physical concepts can be blended together to achieve the common goal of understanding chemical systems.With a lively and engaging writing style augmented throughout by purpose-drawn illustrations, and custom-developed online support, Chemical Structure and Reactivity alone makes taking an integrated approach in the teaching of chemistry a realistic proposition.Online Resources:For students: Custom developed multimedia content linked to the book, enabling students to investigate the concepts and phenomena presented in the book in a fully interactive way. Question sets to help students master concepts and gain confidence through hands-on engagement.For lecturers: Fully worked solutions to the exercises available through the Online Resource Centre.For registered adopters of the book: Figures from the book in electronic format.Trade ReviewReview from previous edition This is the most innovative and impressive undergraduate chemistry textbook I have been exposed to in years; it is quite outstanding in its creative and imaginative approach. The authors appear to have stood back and re-thought the whole approach to teaching chemistry at this level. The logical and innovative order in which material is developed and explained is all the more impressive when we take account of the fact that rigour and attention to detail is not compromised. * Dr David McGarvey, Keele University *The objective of the authors, to break down the barriers used to manage the teaching of chemistry, is laudable, and they achieve their aim, particularly in the first section of the book. They have assembled a teaching resource that is refreshing in its style and rigorous in its content. * Education in Chemistry, 2009 *It is a tremendous contribution to the teaching of the chemical sciences. The authors have adopted a new approach to the teaching of chemistry which cuts through physical, inorganic and organic chemistry as needed. This text is brilliant for students who want a book that explains difficult concepts in an accessible but still rigorous form. * Dr M. Crispin, Oriel College, Oxford *Table of ContentsPART I: THE FUNDAMENTALS; PART II: GOING FURTHER

Read more less

Book SynopsisThe solutions manual to accompany Organic Chemistry provides fully-explained solutions to all the problems that feature in the second edition of Organic Chemistry . Intended for students and instructors alike, the manual provides helpful comments and friendly advice to aid understanding, and is an invaluable resource wherever Organic Chemistry is used for teaching and learning.Table of Contents1. What is organic chemistry? ; 2. Organic structures ; 3. Determining organic structures ; 4. Structure of molecules ; 5. Organic reactions ; 6. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group ; 7. Delocalization and conjugation ; 8. Acidity, basicity, and pKa ; 9. Using organometallic reagents to make C-C bonds ; 10. Nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl group ; 11. Nucleophilic substitution at C=O with loss of carbonyl oxygen ; 12. Equilibria, rates and mechanisms ; 13. 1H NMR: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ; 14. Stereochemistry ; 15. Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon ; 16. Conformational analysis ; 17. Elimination reactions ; 18. Review of spectroscopic methods ; 19. Electrophilic addition to alkenes ; 20. Formation and reactions of enols and enolates ; 21. Electrophilic aromatic substitution ; 22. Conjugate addition and nucleophilic aromatic substitution ; 23. Chemoselectivity and protecting groups ; 24. Regioselectivity ; 25. Alkylation of enolates ; 26. Reactions of enolates with carbonyl compounds: the aldol and Claisen reactions ; 27. Sulfur, silicon and phosphorus in organic chemistry ; 28. Retrosynthetic analysis ; 29. Aromatic heterocycles 1: structures and reactions ; 30. Aromatic heterocycles 2: synthesis ; 31. Saturated heterocycles and stereoelectronics ; 32. Stereoselectivity in cyclic molecules ; 33. Diastereoselectivity ; 34. Pericyclic reactions 1: cycloadditions ; 35. Pericyclic reactions 2: sigmatropic and electrocyclic reactions ; 36. Participation, rearrangement and fragmentation ; 37. Radical reactions ; 38. Synthesis and reactions of carbenes ; 39. Determining reaction mechanisms ; 40. Organometallic chemistry ; 41. Asymmetric synthesis ; 42. Organic chemistry of life ; 43. Organic chemistry today

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganic Chemistry: A mechanistic approach provides readers with a concise review of the essential concepts underpinning the subject. It combines a focus on core topics and themes with a mechanistic approach to the explanation of the reactions it describes, making it ideal for those looking for a solid understanding of the central themes of organic chemistry.Opening with a review of chemical bonding and molecular shape and structure, the book then introduces the principal groups of organic compound before exploring the range of reactions they undergo. It retains an emphasis throughout on how and why organic compounds behave in the way they do, with a chapter on how mechanisms are investigated and the closing chapter describing the principal methods by which the structure and composition of organic compounds are studied. With an understanding of organic chemistry being central to the study and practice of a range of disciplines, Organic Chemistry is the ideal resource for those studyingTrade ReviewThe structure and aim of the text is excellent. [It] begins with the fundamentals of molecular structure and introduces the concept of molecular orbitals early... it clearly maintains a direct link to understanding reaction mechanisms from their fundamental origins. * Chemistry World, July 2014 *I will definitely recommend this book to other people. The book not only contains the correct way of doing things but also highlights the incorrect ways or any common mistakes to avoid, which is also absent in most other textbooks. This is much like a tutor tutoring us instead of just reading a book with facts. * Shuang Liu, student, Imperial College London *Table of Contents1. Chemical bonding and molecules ; 2. Molecular structure and shapes of organic molecules ; 3. Organic compounds: their functional groups, intermolecular interactions and physical properties ; 4. Conformation and strain in molecules ; 5. Conjugation, pi-electrion delocalization, and aromaticity ; 6. Acids and bases ; 7. Organic reactions and concept of mechanism ; 8. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones ; 9. Nucleophilic substitution of carboxylic acid derivatives ; 10. Reactions of carbonyl compounds with hydride donors and organometallic reagents ; 11. Stereochemistry and molecular chirality ; 12. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of haloalkanes and related compounds ; 13. Elimination reactions of haloalkanes and related compounds ; 14. Reactions of alcohols, ethers, thiols, sulfides, and amines ; 15. Addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes ; 16. Enolate anions and their reactions ; 17. Enolate ions, their equivalents and reactions ; 18. Reactions of nucleophiles with alkenes and aromatic compounds ; 19. Polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds ; 20. Rearrangement reactions ; 21. Pericyclic reactions: cycloadditions, electrocyclic reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements ; 22. Rearrangement reactions involving polar molecules and ions ; 23. Biomolecules ; 24. Chemistry of biomolecules ; 25. Structural determination of organic compounds

Read more less

Book SynopsisOrganic Spectroscopy is a standard chemistry course offered each year to large numbers of seniors and beginning graduate students. They learn to efficiently solve problems of molecular structure determination by an integrated use of four primary spectroscopic methods; NMR; mass spectrometry; infrared and ultraviolet. The problem solving approach used in the second edition follows the actual information flow used by practitioners solving molecular strustures and not the standard methods-based aooroach used in other texts. In the ten years since the last edition published there have been significant changes in spectroscopic instrumentation and these are reflected throughout this text. New sections have been included where the first edition omitted coverage, and all chapters are updated with the most recent developments in the field. Major changes have been made in the pivotal chapters covering multipulse 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance methods and the chapters covering mass spectrometric methods have been split from two into three to increase content on modern MS methodology. As examples in NMR, selective pulses and their uses, 15N 2D methods and computer assisted structure elucidation has been included and there is now a section on NOESY and ROESY. For MS the three chapters cover: core techniques and ionization processes; small and large molecule analysis and fragmentation processes. A hallmark of this text is the focus on chemical structure and the text revolves around how relevant information regarding skeleton, functional groups and stereochemistry can be derived and the benefits/disadvantages of particular approaches. The straightforward writing style and use of illustrative examples, clearly reproduced spectra and a large number of problems make this text more accessible than ever.Table of Contents1. Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ; 2. Interpretation and Use of Proton and Carbon Chemical Shifts ; 3. Interpretation and Use of Proton or Carbon Coupling Constants ; 4. Multiple-Pulse and Multidimensional NMR Techniques ; 5. Mas Spectrometry: Core Techniques and Ionization Processes ; 6. Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Small and Large Molecules ; 7. Fragmentation Processes in Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry ; 8. Infrared Spectroscopy ; 9. Optical and Chiroptical Techniques: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy ; 10. Strategies of Determining Structure and Stereochemistry: Spectroscopic Data Translated into Structures. ; 11. Problems in Organic Structure Analysis

Read more less

Book SynopsisChemists in the nineteenth century were faced with a particular problem: how to depict the atoms and molecules beyond the direct reach of our bodily senses. This title focuses on the community of organic chemists in Germany to provide the basis for an understanding of the nature of scientific creativity.Trade Review"Alan Rocke's Image and Reality does so many things vividly and convincingly: it shows how visual images led chemistry step by step to the reality of the microscopic world; how simple portrayals of the logic of substitution and combination were reified; brings to our attention the imaginative, neglected work of Williamson and Kopp; and takes a critical look at Kekule's daydream. And it beautifully delineates the essential place the imagination has in science. A rewarding, lively picture of chemistry in formation." - Roald Hoffmann, Nobel laureate in chemistry.

Read more less

Book SynopsisSeager/Rye-McCurdy/Yoder's FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY FOR TODAY helps you hone your critical-thinking skills with ample problem-solving opportunities throughout the text. Fresh examples won't bog you down with incessant repetition, and new figures relevant to health professions add context and color to the core source material. FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMISTRY FOR TODAY covers all the necessary components of the GOB curriculum in sufficient depth to prepare you for future studies.Table of Contents1. Matter, Measurements, and Calculations. 2. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table. 3. Chemical Bonds: Molecule Formation. 4. The Mole and Chemical Reactions. 5: Molecular Shapes and Intermolecular Forces. 6. Gasses. 7. Acids, Bases, and Buffers. 8. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons. 9. Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines. 10. Carbonyl Compounds. 11. Carbohydrates. 12. Amino Acids and Proteins. 13. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. 14. Lipids. 15. Nutrition and Metabolism.

Read more less