Description
Book SynopsisThis book is based on a series of lectures for a course on ionic channels held in Santiago, Chile, on November 17-20, 1984.
Table of ContentsI. Methodologies.- 1 Kinetic Models and Channel Fluctuations.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Two-State Channel.- 3. Two Two-State Channels.- 4. Three-State Channel with Three Conductances.- 5. Three-State Channel with Only Two Conductances.- References.- 2 Single-Channel Currents and Postsynaptic Drug Actions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel Gating as a Stochastic Process.- 3. Postsynaptic Channels in the Presence of Drugs.- 4. Reconstructing the Postsynaptic Current.- 5. Macroscopic and Molecular Consequences.- References.- 3 Voltage-Dependent Gating: Gating Current Measurement and Interpretation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Voltage Gating.- 3. Gating Current Is a Capacitive Current.- 4. Measurement of Gating Currents.- 5. Gating of the Sodium Channel.- References.- 4 Characterizing the Electrical Behavior of an Open Channel via the Energy Profile for Ion Permeation: A Prototype Using a Fluctuating Barrier Model for the Acetylcholine Receptor Channel.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Theory.- 3. Confrontation with Experimental Data for the AChR Channel.- 4. Discussion.- References.- 5 The Use of Specific Ligands to Study Sodium Channels in Muscle.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Molecular Pharmacology of the Sodium Channel in Muscle.- 3. Sodium Channel in Cardiac Muscle: Are All Sodium Channels Alike?.- 4. Surface and Tubular Sodium Channels in Skeletal Muscle.- 5. Models for Sodium Channels in Muscle Membranes.- References.- 6 Isolation of Muscle Membranes Containing Functional Ionic Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Excitation-Contraction Coupling.- 3. Ionic Channels and E-C Coupling.- 4. Isolation of Muscle Membranes.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 7 Methodologies to Study Channel-Mediated Ion Fluxes in Membrane Vesicles.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel-Mediated Tl+ Flux Measured by Fluorescence Quenching.- 3. Channel-Mediated Ion Fluxes Measured by Light Scattering.- References.- 8 Optical Studies on Ionic Channels in Intact Vertebrate Nerve Terminals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Equivalence of Optical and Electrical Measurements of Membrane Potential.- 3. Optical Recording of Action Potentials from Nerve Terminals of the Frog Xenopus.- 4. Properties of the Action Potential in the Nerve Terminals.- 5. Ionic Basis of the Depolarizing Phase of the Action Potential.- 6. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 9 Optical Detection of ATP Release from Stimulated Endocrine Cells: A Universal Marker of Exocytotic Secretion of Hormones.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Acetylcholine-Induced ATP Release from Chromaffin Cells: Calcium Dependence.- 4. Nicotinic Receptor Desensitization.- 5. Granular Nature of the Secreted ATP.- 6. ATP Release Evoked by Membrane Depolarization Is Mediated by Activation of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels.- 7. ATP Release from Collagenase-Isolated Islets of Langerhans.- 8. Conclusion.- 9. Summary.- References.- II. Channels in Biological Membranes.- 10 Mechanotransducing Ion Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Recording SA Channels.- 3. General Characteristics.- 4. Conductance Properties.- 5. Kinetic Properties.- 6. The Model.- 7. Comparing the Model to the Data.- 8. Future Prospects.- References.- 11 Ionic Channels in Plant Protoplasts.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Methodological Considerations.- 3. Voltage-Dependent Channels Opened by Hyperpolarization.- 4. Channels Affected by TEA.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 12 Channels in Kidney Epithelial Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Cell Culture.- 3. Patch-Clamp Methodology.- 4. Potassium Channel Characteristics.- 5. Channel Modulation.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- 13 Channels in Photoreceptors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Vertebrate Photoreceptors.- 3. Invertebrate Photoreceptors.- References.- 14 Inactivation of Calcium Currents in Muscle Fibers from Balanus.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Characteristics of Inward Currents.- 4. Mechanism of Inactivation.- References.- 15 Electrophysiological Studies in Endocrine Cells.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Methodology.- 3. Cell Culture.- 4. Ionic Currents in GH3 Cells.- 5. Characteristics of Calcium Channels.- 6. Conclusions.- References.- III. Ionic Channel Reconstitution.- 16 Ion Channel Reconstitution: Why Bother?.- 1. Introduction and Background.- 2. Unexpected Surprises.- 3. Unconstrained Variables.- 4. Unrealized Hopes.- References.- 17 From Brain to Bilayer: Sodium Channels from Rat Neurons Incorporated into Planar Lipid Membranes.- 1. Perspectives and Background.- 2. Electrophysiology without Cells.- 3. A Closer Look at Batrachotoxin-Activated Sodium Channels in Bilayer Membranes.- 4. Looking Ahead.- References.- 18 Ionic Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Are There Channels in Sea Urchin Sperm?.- 3. Reconstitution Studies with Isolated Sea Urchin Sperm Plasma Membrane.- 4. Channels in the Plasma Membrane of Sea Urchin Sperm: Implications for the Acrosome Reaction.- 5. Are There Receptors to the Egg Jelly in the Sea Urchin Sperm Plasma Membranes?.- 6. Perspectives.- References.- 19 Characterization of Large-Unitary-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Planar Lipid Bilayers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Channel Gating.- 3. Channel Conductance and Selectivity.- 4. Conductance of the Calcium-Activated K+ Channels.- 5. Selectivity of the Ca-K Channels.- 6. Blockade of the Ca-K Channels.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- IV. Ionic Channel Modulation.- 20 Metabolic Regulation of Ion Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Second Messengers.- 3. Protein Phosphorylation.- 4. Summary.- References.- 21 The Cell-to-Cell Membrane Channel: Its Regulation by Cellular Phosphorylation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cell-to-Cell Channels Are Up-Regulated by cAMP-Dependent Phosphorylation.- 3. The Cell-to-Cell Channels are Down-Regulated by Tyrosine Phosphorylation.- References.- 22 The ?-Cell Bursting Pattern and Intracellular Calcium.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Role of [Ca2+]i Dependence on Glucose.- 3. A Biophysical/Mathematical Model.- 4. Burst Frequency Depends on the Ratio [free Ca2+]i/[total Ca]i.- 5. Summary.- References.- 23 Neurotrophic Effects of in Vitro Innervation of Cultured Muscle Cells. Modulation of Ca2+-Activated K+ Conductances.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Methodological Considerations.- 3. Innervation and Muscle Cell Electrical Activity.- 4. Conclusions.- References.- V. Ionic Channel Structure, Functions, and Models.- 24 Correlation of the Molecular Structure with Functional Properties of the Acetylcholine Receptor Protein.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The AChR Macromolecule.- 3. Arrangement of Subunits in the AChR Macromolecule.- 4. The AChR Primary Structure, cDNA Recombinant Techniques, and Modeling Receptor Structure.- 5. Immunochemistry of AChR and the Testing of Models.- 6. Voltage-Gated and Agonist-Gated Channels: A Comparison.- 7. Dynamics of AChR and Lipids in the Membrane.- 8. Acetylcholine-Receptor-Controlled Channel Properties.- References.- 25 Amiloride-Sensitive Epithelial Sodium Channels.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Transport Processes.- 3. Characterization of Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channels in Intact Epithelia.- 4. Incorporation of Amiloride-Sensitive Na+ Channels into Planar Bilayers.- 5. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 26 A Channel Model for Development of the Fertilization Membrane in Sea Urchin Eggs.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Processes Following Fertilization.- 3. Experimental Basis for Model.- 4. Description of Model.- 5. Equations of Model.- 6. Solutions of Model Equations.- References.
