Manufacturing industries Books

Book SynopsisDemocratizing Technology provides a much-needed fresh perspective on the regulation of chemicals, and an important contribution to green thinking about technology.Caroline Lucas, Green Party MEP. This book is an excellent critique of the current risk-based approach to technology. By exploring the philosophical underpinnings and the practical applications of current policy on science and technology, Chapman exposes the serious flaws in allowing economic considerations to dominate the agenda in this area. Her proposals for reform are expertly constructed and deserve urgent and serious consideration by policy-makers.Dr Stuart Parkinson, Executive Director, Scientists for Global Responsibility. In this important book Anne Chapman argues that decisions about technology should answer a republican question: what kind of public world should we create through technology? Democratizing Technology deserves to be read widely. John ONeill, Professor of Political Economy, University of Manchester, UK A welcome addition to the new, more empirical and applied literature in philosophy of technology. This book will be essential reading for a variety of scholars and for the general reader intent on understanding, and criticizing, our chemically made world.Andrew Light, Interim Director, Program on the Environment, University of Washington, US What is technology? How do humans use it to build and modify the world? What are the relationships between technology, science, economics and democratic governance? What, if any, are our ethical and political responsibilities and choices in how we develop, deploy and control technology in democratic states? Democratizing Technology sets out to answer these questions. Focusing on the most widespread and pervasive technology - chemicals - this groundbreaking volume peels apart the critical technology debate to look at the relationship between humans, technology and the biological world. Attention is given to the immensely important new regulations, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemicals), the EUs largest ever legal framework, discussing the problems that are likely to occur in REACHs reliance on risk assessment methods and suggesting an alternative way forward for the regulation of chemicals. Providing much-needed clarity and insight into the heart of key debates in science and technology, risk analysis and mitigation, and domestic and international law, this volume arrives as a breath of fresh air.Trade Review'Democratizing Technology is an interesting book with contorversial opinions and proposals. [...] The book is a good candidate for the start of many interesting discussions in and out the classroom. Recommended.' R.E. Buntrock, formerly, University of Maine, USA 'Where the book excels is the thoughtful exploration of questions of profound relevance to public health, such as divergence between our understanding, our behaviours and public policies with respect to risk and responsibility. The analysis provides innovative insights for behaviouralists, policy development in both theoretical and practical spheres, ethicists, political analysts, environmental health scholars and all who encounter technology, and wonder about how we personally and collectively respond to technology in our midst.' Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 'An interesting book with controversial opinions and proposals... Recommended' ChoiceTable of ContentsPreface * Acknowledgements * Introduction * What is Technology? * Technology as World-Building * Technology, Science and the Economy * The Regulation of Chemicals * Risk * Assessing Risks from Chemicals * The Ethical and Political Framework of Regulation * Responsibility * Making Decisions about Technology * Index

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Book SynopsisPRESCRIPTION DRUGS ARE THE THIRD LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AFTER HEART DISEASE AND CANCER. In his latest ground-breaking book, Peter C Gotzsche exposes the pharmaceutical industries and their charade of fraudulent behaviour, both in research and marketing where the morally repugnant disregard for human lives is the norm. He convincingly draws close comparisons with the tobacco conglomerates, revealing the extraordinary truth behind efforts to confuse and distract the public and their politicians. The book addresses, in evidence-based detail, an extraordinary system failure caused by widespread crime, corruption, bribery and impotent drug regulation in need of radical reforms. "The main reason we take so many drugs is that drug companies don't sell drugs, they sell lies about drugs. This is what makes drugs so different from anything else in life...Virtually everything we know about drugs is what the companies have chosen to tell us and our doctors...the reason patients trust their medicine is that they extrapolate the trust they have in their doctors into the medicines they prescribe. The patients don't realise that, although their doctors may know a lot about diseases and human physiology and psychology, they know very, very little about drugs that hasn't been carefully concocted and dressed up by the drug industry...If you don't think the system is out of control, please email me and explain why drugs are the third leading cause of death...If such a hugely lethal epidemic had been caused by a new bacterium or a virus, or even one-hundredth of it, we would have done everything we could to get it under control." FROM THE INTRODUCTIONTable of ContentsForeword by Richard Smith. Foreword by Drummond Rennie. About the author. Introduction. Confessions from an insider. Asthma deaths were caused by asthma inhalers. Shady marketing and research. Organised crime, the business model of big pharma. Hoffman-La Roche, the biggest drug pusher. Hall of Shame for big pharma. The crimes are repetitive. It's organised crime. Very few patients benefit from the drugs they take. Clinical trials, a broken social contract with patients. Conflicts of interest at medical journals. The corruptive influence of easy money. What do thousands of doctors on industry payroll do? Seeding trials. Rent a key opinion leader to 'give advice'. Rent a key opinion leader to 'educate'. Hard sell. Clinical trials are marketing in disguise. Ghostwriting. The marketing machine. Hard sell ad nauseam. Highly expensive drugs. Excesses in hypertension. Patient organisations. NovoSeven for bleeding soldiers. Impotent drug regulation. Conflicts of interest at drug agencies. Corruption at drug agencies. The unbearable lightness of politicians. Drug regulation builds on trust. Inadequate testing of new drugs. Too many warnings and too many drugs. Public access to data at drug agencies. Our breakthrough at the EMA in 2010. Access to data at other drug agencies. Deadly slimming pills. Neurontin, an epilepsy drug for everything. Merck, where the patients die first. Fraudulent celecoxib trial and other lies. Marketing is harmful. Switching cheap drugs into expensive ones in the same patients. Novo Nordisk switches patients to expensive insulin. Astra-Zeneca switches patients to expensive me-again omeprazole. Blood glucose was fine but the patients died. Novo Nordisk interferes with an academic publication. Psychiatry, the drug industry's paradise. Are we all crazy or what? Psychiatrists as drug pushers. The chemical imbalance hoax. Screening for psychiatric disorders. Unhappy pills. Prozac, a terrible Eli Lilly drug turned into a blockbuster. Exercise is a good intervention. Further lies about happy pills. Pushing children into suicide with happy pills. Glaxo study 329. Concealing suicides and suicide attempts in clinical trials. Lundbeck's evergreening of citalopram. Antipsychotic drugs. Zyprexa, another terrible Eli Lilly drug turned into a blockbuster. The bottomline of psychotropic drugs. Intimidation and threats to protect sales. Busting the industry myths. General system failure calls for a revolution. Our drugs kill us. How much medicine do we really need and at what cost? For-profit is the wrong model. Clinical trials. Drug regulatory agencies. Drug formulary and guideline committees. Drug marketing. Doctors and their organisations. Patients and their organisations. Medical journals. Journalists. Having the last laugh at big pharma. Money don't smell. Creating diseases. Index.

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Book SynopsisThe straight eight engine, also known as the inline eight engine, was the driving force behind some of the most fascinating luxury vehicles of the first half of the twentieth century. From its introduction in the 1920s through its demise in the 1950s, the straight eight graced a number of upmarket vehicles from makers like Pontiac, Packard, and Daimler, and even appeared under the hood of the hyper-exclusive Rolls-Royce Phantom IV, of which only eighteen models were produced. Although it was eventually replaced by the V8 engine, the straight eight engine can be found in some of the most valuable and sought-after vehicles of all time. Keith Ray's The Straight Eight Engine is the first volume to be published about this extraordinary mechanism. Featuring four hundred images, the book is a lush tribute to an automotive component likely to never be equaled for smoothness and refinement.Table of ContentsPrefaceIntroductionWhy the Straight Eight?Technical Problems with Straight Eight Engine DesignThe Straight Eight: A Kiss Of Death?The Birth of the Straight Eight AutomobileAn Overview of the ManufacturersAlfa RomeoAlvisAmilcarArrol-AsterAuburnBalboaBallotBentleyBeverley-BarnesBrennaborBrough SuperiorBugattiBuickBurneyChandlerChenard et WalckerChryslerCordDaimlerDe Dion BoutonDe SotoDelageDianaDiattoDodgeDuesenbergDupontElcarEssexFerrari (Auto Avio 815)FiatFNFrontenacGardnerGraf & StiftGraham-PaigeHamptonHartzHillmanHorchHudsonHupmobileIsotta FraschiniJensenJordanKenworthyKisselLa SalleLanchesterLeylandLocomobileMarendazMarmonMaseratiMathisMcFarlanMercedes BenzMillerMinervaMoonNashOldsmobileOpelPackardPanhard LevassorPeerlessPierce ArrowPontiacRailtonRallyRenaultReoRickenbackerRoamerRohrRolland PilainRolls-RoyceRuxtonSalmsonSkodaStearns-KnightStoewerStudebakerStutzSunbeamTriumphWeigelWindsorWolseleyZis & ZilStraight Eights in the Air and on the WaterStraight Eight AdvertisingIndex

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Book SynopsisThe concept of mobile ice cream factories, having been brought to Britain by the ice cream industry, but by body-builders, Smiths Delivery Vehicles of Gateshead, is one of the most intriguing stories in the British motor industry. This book charts the roller coaster history of the Mister Softee brand through successive owners.

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Book SynopsisThis practical guide for advanced students and decision-makers in the pharma and biotech industry presents key success factors in R&D along with value creators in pharmaceutical innovation. A team of editors and authors with extensive experience in academia and industry and at some of the most prestigious business schools in Europe discusses in detail the innovation process in pharma as well as common and new research and innovation strategies. In doing so, they cover collaboration and partnerships, open innovation, biopharmaceuticals, translational medicine, good manufacturing practice, regulatory affairs, and portfolio management. Each chapter covers controversial aspects of recent developments in the pharmaceutical industry, with the aim of stimulating productive debates on the most effective and efficient innovation processes. A must-have for young professionals and MBA students preparing to enter R&D in pharma or biotech as well as for students on a combined BA/biomedical and natural sciences program.Table of ContentsList of Contributors XVII Foreword XXI 1 Introduction to the Book 1Alexander Schuhmacher, Oliver Gassmann, and Markus Hinder Reference 8 2 Global Epidemiological Developments 11Stephan Luther and Peter Schmitz 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Model of Epidemiological Transition 12 2.3 Global Burden of Diseases 15 2.3.1 Trends in the Distribution of Disease Burden 16 2.4 Infectious Diseases 20 2.4.1 (Re-)emerging Infectious Diseases 23 2.4.2 Neglected Tropical Diseases 26 2.5 Noncommunicable Diseases 29 2.6 Antimicrobial Resistance 32 2.7 Dynamics 35 References 38 3 The Value of Pharmaceutical Innovation: Concepts and Assessment 45Sam Salek and Paul Kamudoni 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Concepts and Definitions of Value 46 3.3 Stakeholder’s Perspectives on Value 47 3.3.1 Drug Regulatory Agencies 47 3.3.2 Health Technology Assessment 47 3.3.3 Patients 49 3.3.4 Prescribers/Clinicians 49 3.4 Recent Developments Influencing the Definition and Assessment of Value 50 3.5 Recommendations: Implications for R&D 51 3.6 Discussion 52 3.7 Conclusion 56 References 57 4 A Review of the Pharmaceutical R&D Efficiency: Costs, Timelines, and Probabilities 61Alexander Schuhmacher, Oliver Gassmann, and Markus Hinder 4.1 Introduction 61 4.2 The Historical Perspective 62 4.3 The R&D Phase Model 63 4.4 The Low R&D Success Rates 63 4.5 The Long R&D Time Intervals 67 4.6 The High Cost of Pharmaceutical R&D 71 4.7 The Reduced R&D Efficiency 73 4.8 Can an Increase in R&D Value Compensate the Reduced R&D Efficiency? 76 References 78 5 Financing Pharmaceutical Innovation 81Sviataslau Sivagrakau 5.1 Introduction 81 5.2 Measuring Innovation: Categories of New Drugs 84 5.3 Productivity of Pharmaceutical Industry throughout Time 86 5.4 Measuring the Cost of Developing New Medicines 87 5.5 Funding Drug Development: a Global Endeavor 91 5.6 Public and Private Funds: Complementary Finance for Drug Development 95 5.7 How Commercial Drug Development Projects Are Financed Today: Big Firms, Small Firms, andTheir Cooperation 97 5.8 Public Health Economics and Financing Pharmaceutical Innovation 99 5.9 Conclusion 101 Acknowledgment 102 References 102 6 Challenges and Options for Drug Discovery 107Werner Kramer 6.1 Introduction 107 6.2 Paradigm Shifts of R&D Organizations 108 6.3 Productivity of Drug Discovery 109 6.4 IsThere an Innovation Gap in Biomedical Research? 111 6.4.1 To Go for First in Class or Best in Class 112 6.4.2 HowWe Define Medical Innovation? 112 6.5 Why Did Drug Candidates Fail? 113 6.5.1 Why Is the Dropout Rate So High in Early Clinical Development? 115 6.5.1.1 Drug Behavior In Vivo: Role of Transport Proteins 115 6.5.1.2 Hypes and Lack of Scientific Thoroughness 116 6.6 Implications from the "Lessons Learnt" for Future Drug Discovery Research 123 6.6.1 Organization of Drug Discovery and Development 123 6.6.2 Elucidation of the Physiological Validity of a Target for the Human Disease 125 6.6.2.1 Extensive Inquiry of (All) Published Data of a Target or Pathway 125 6.6.2.2 Integrative Knowledge Management 127 6.6.2.3 Demonstration of the Involvement of a Target in Human Disease 128 6.6.2.4 A Stringent and Comprehensive Test Sequence 132 6.6.2.5 Translational Clinical Trials 135 Acknowledgment 136 References 136 7 Translational Medicine: Enabling the Proof of Concepts 141Gezim Lahu and John Darbyshire 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Translational Medicine and Its Role/Value in Early Development 143 7.3 Knowledge Generation 144 7.4 Types of Data, Experiments, and Tools Needed to Move from Basic Research to Early Clinical Development 144 7.4.1 Dose Selection 145 7.4.2 Animal Models 146 7.4.3 Fraction of NOAEL and Efficacious Dose 149 7.4.4 Allometric Scaling and PBPK 150 7.4.5 Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models PBPK 151 7.4.6 Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling 151 7.5 FIM (Dose Escalation and MTD) 153 7.6 Proof of Concept (PoC) 154 Summary 156 References 157 8 Preclinical Safety and Risk Assessment 161Paul Germann and Rob Caldwell 8.1 Introduction 161 8.2 Test Systems 161 8.2.1 In Silico Analysis 161 8.2.2 In Vitro Experiments 162 8.3 Case Study: hERG Assay 163 8.3.1 In Vivo Experiments 164 8.4 The Preclinical "Package" during the Development of an NME 165 8.5 Factors Influencing the Preclinical Data Set 166 8.5.1 Timing and Costs 167 8.5.2 Intended Clinical Application Route 167 8.5.3 Treatment Duration and Treatment Frequency 167 8.5.4 Clinical Indication 167 8.5.5 Ongoing Changes of the Regulatory Landscape 168 8.5.6 New Drug Formats 168 8.6 Translation into Humans:The "TherapeuticWindow" 169 8.7 Influence of Intended Therapeutic Use on the Risk Assessment (RA) 169 8.8 Deep Dive Case Study: Safety Assessment of Biological Drug Formats 170 8.9 NBE Case Study 1 175 8.10 NBE Case Study 2 175 8.11 Carcinogenicity Risk Assessment for Marketed Drugs 176 8.12 Treatment Duration 178 8.13 Conclusion – the "Art" of Preclinical Safety: Summarizing the Concept of Hazard Identification and Description, Risk Assessment, and Risk Management 179 Acknowledgment 179 Disclosures 180 References 180 9 Developing Commercial Solutions for Therapeutic Proteins 183Galina Hesse 9.1 Introduction 183 9.2 Developing Commercial Solutions for Therapeutic Proteins 184 9.2.1 Defining a Target Product Profile 184 9.2.2 Developing Formulations for Therapeutic Proteins 186 9.2.3 Testing Formulations for Therapeutic Proteins 188 9.2.4 Development of Primary Containers 188 9.2.5 Development of Application Systems 190 9.3 Quality by Design 192 9.4 Examples for Innovations in Manufacture of Sterile Pharmaceutical Products 194 9.5 Summary 197 List of FDA/ICH Guidances Referenced 198 Disclaimer 199 References 199 10 The Evolution of Clinical Development: From Technical Success to Clinical Value Creation 203Markus Hinder and Alexander Schuhmacher 10.1 Introduction 203 10.2 CD: Changes and Challenges 204 10.2.1 Clinical Endpoints: From Symptom-Oriented Endpoints to Hard and Predefined Endpoints 204 10.2.2 Determination and Quantification of Risks 205 10.2.3 Assessment of Medical Progress in Context of Available Therapeutic Options 206 10.2.3.1 EbM 206 10.2.3.2 Health Economics, Pharmacoeconomics, and the Fourth Hurdle 207 10.2.3.3 Results of These Changes and Challenges 208 10.3 Technical Success and Clinical Value Creation in CD in the Future 208 10.3.1 Established and Novel Approaches to Determine the Dose–Exposure–Response Relationship 210 10.3.2 Comparators 212 10.3.3 Patient Stratification to Increase Treatment Response and Benefit and Reduce Risk 212 10.3.4 New Operational Tools to Succeed in Trials with Increased Complexity, Special Populations, or Large Size 213 10.3.5 Collaboration and Outsourcing as Tools toWork in Networks 214 10.3.6 Collaboration across Sectors and Industries to Boost the NextWave of Innovation 215 Disclaimer 218 References 218 11 Translational Development 225Nigel McCracken 11.1 Introduction 225 11.1.1 Legacy 226 11.2 Translational Development 227 11.2.1 TP 228 11.2.2 Translational Toolkit 229 11.3 Dose Optimization 230 11.3.1 Physicochemical Properties 231 11.3.2 Target Affinity and Selectivity 231 11.3.3 Clearance 231 11.3.4 Prediction of Human Dose 232 11.4 Pharmacogenomics 233 11.4.1 Patient Segmentation 233 11.4.2 Disease Segmentation 234 11.4.3 Utility 237 11.5 Biomarker Development 238 11.5.1 Biomarker Activities 239 11.5.2 Assessing the Opportunity 239 11.6 Systems Pharmacology 240 11.7 Rational Drug Development 241 11.8 Concluding Remarks 242 References 242 12 Forty Years of Innovation in Biopharmaceuticals – Will the Next 40 Years Be as Revolutionary? 245Mathias Schmidt, Sanjay Patel, Petter Veiby, Qiang Liu, and Michael Buckley 12.1 Introduction 245 12.1.1 The Value Proposition of Biologics 246 12.1.1.1 The Patient Perspective 246 12.1.1.2 The Pharmaceutical Industry’s Perspective 248 12.1.2 Biosimilars: A Blessing or aThreat to Innovation? 250 12.1.3 Further Innovation in Biologics – Incremental or Revolutionary? 252 12.2 The Evolution of Biologics Manufacturing 252 12.2.1 Introduction 252 12.2.2 CHO Cells: The Industry Workhorse 253 12.2.3 Protein Production Strategies 253 12.2.4 The Impact of Increasing Titers on Manufacturing Facilities 255 12.2.5 Protein Purification Platforms 256 12.2.6 Conclusion: WhatWill the Next 40 Years of Innovation Bring? 258 12.3 The Evolution of Alternative Scaffolds 259 12.3.1 Novel Small Protein Scaffolds 260 12.3.2 Single-Chain Fragment Variables and Diabodies 260 12.3.3 Single-Domain Antibodies 261 12.3.4 Nonantibody Scaffolds 261 12.3.5 Bispecific Single-Chain Fragment Variables and Diabodies 263 12.3.6 Other Bispecific Antibody Formats 264 12.4 Antibody-Drug Conjugates 265 12.5 The Next Wave of Biologics 270 12.5.1 Orally Available Biologics 271 12.5.2 Biologics That Enter the Cytoplasm 271 12.5.3 Biologics That Pass the Blood–Brain Barrier 272 12.5.4 Translational Medicine as Driver of Innovation 272 Disclaimer 273 References 273 13 Vaccines: Where Inertia, Innovation, and Revolution Create Value, Simultaneously and Quietly 277Pierre A. Morgon and Hannah Nawi 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 TheWorld of Vaccines 278 13.2.1 What Are Vaccines? 278 13.2.2 Current Vaccines Are Mainly Prophylactic: Curative Vaccines Are Emerging 278 13.2.3 Drivers to Immunize: Individual and Collective 280 13.2.4 The Pivotal Role of Recommendations 280 13.3 The Vaccine Market: Substantial, Fast Growing, with Intense and Concentrated Competition 281 13.4 The Vaccine Industry: Domination of the Heavyweights, for Now… 282 13.4.1 Barriers to Entry: From R&D Risk to Capital Intensiveness 290 13.4.2 Five Forces Analysis: Competitive Intensiveness and Downstream Hurdles 291 13.4.2.1 Acceptability 291 13.4.2.2 Accessibility 292 13.4.2.3 Availability 293 13.4.2.4 Affordability 293 13.5 New Vaccine Developments: Strategic Trends and Why Innovation Is Needed All along the Value Chain 295 13.5.1 Where Is Innovation Needed? R&D 296 13.5.2 Where Is Innovation Needed? Manufacturing and Product Improvement 301 13.5.3 Where Is Innovation Needed? Acceptability 301 13.5.4 Where Is Innovation Needed? Accessibility, Both as a Function of Supply (Availability) and Logistics 302 13.5.5 Affordability and Sustainability 303 13.6 WhereWill Innovation Come from? Strategy and Players 304 13.6.1 Take-Home Messages 305 References 306 14 The Patient-Centric Pharma Company: Evolution, Reboot, or Revolution? 309Pierre A. Morgon 14.1 Introduction 309 14.2 Health, Always… 310 14.3 The Mission of the Healthcare Industry 310 14.4 Megatrends Affecting the Strategic Scorecard of the Healthcare Industry 312 14.5 Focus on the Societal Trends and Their Consequences for the Management of Healthcare Innovation 314 14.6 The DNA of the Healthcare Industry: R&D and the Management of Innovation 316 14.7 Societal Expectations for Personalized Medicine 318 14.8 New Players Contributing to Information Management to Substantiate Value Propositions for NovelTherapies 319 14.9 The Role of the Key Stakeholders in Shaping a New Regulatory Framework 323 14.10 The Consequences for the Healthcare Industry in Terms of Governance and Capabilities 325 14.11 The Sustainable Path Forward for the Healthcare Industry 329 14.11.1 Take-Home Messages 331 References 332 15 The Pharmaceutical Industry is Opening Its R&D Boundaries 335Alexander Schuhmacher and Ulrich A. K. Betz 15.1 Introduction 335 15.2 Open Innovation versus Closed Innovation 336 15.3 Business Models in an Open Innovation Framework 341 15.4 Open Innovation Processes 342 15.5 Capabilities and Attitudes Enabling Open Innovation 344 15.6 Open Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry 345 15.6.1 The More Traditional Elements of Open Innovation 345 15.6.1.1 Target Scouting 345 15.6.1.2 Research Collaborations 346 15.6.1.3 Drug Licensing 346 15.6.1.4 Outsourcing 348 15.6.1.5 Joint Ventures 349 15.6.2 The Newer Concepts of Open Innovation 349 15.6.2.1 New Frontier Science 350 15.6.2.2 Drug Discovery Alliances 350 15.6.2.3 Private–Public Partnerships 351 15.6.2.4 Innovation Incubator 351 15.6.2.5 Virtual R&D 352 15.6.2.6 Crowdsourcing 353 15.6.2.7 Open Source Innovation 355 15.6.2.8 Innovation Camps 355 15.6.2.9 Fluctuating Open Teams 356 15.7 New Business Models in View of the Potential of Open Innovation 356 15.7.1 General Trends in the Pharmaceutical Industry 356 15.8 Outlook 358 References 359 16 Out-Licensing in Pharmaceutical Research and Development 363Oliver Gassmann, Carol A. Krech, Martin A. Bader, and Gerrit Reepmeyer 16.1 Introduction 363 16.2 Performance-Based R&D Collaborations on the Rise 364 16.3 The Impact of Collaborations on the Value Chain 365 16.4 Generating Value from Pipeline Assets by Out-Licensing 367 16.5 Pharmaceutical Companies’ Resistance toward Out-Licensing 372 16.6 Managing Out-Licensing at Novartis: A Case Study 372 16.6.1 Out-Licensing as a 10-Step Process 373 16.6.2 Out-Licensing Contract Design 375 16.6.3 Structure of the Out-Licensing Collaboration with Speedel 375 16.7 Future Directions and Trends 377 References 378 17 Trends and Innovations in Pharmaceutical R&D Outsourcing 383Antal K. Hajos 17.1 Introduction 383 17.2 Drivers to the Use of Outsourcing 383 17.2.1 Overview on the CRO Market 383 17.2.2 Core versus Noncore Activities 387 17.3 Genesis of Outsourcing in the Twentieth Century: From Commodity to Contribution 388 17.3.1 Outsourcing Portfolio and the Move to Full-Service Provision 388 17.3.2 Globalization and the Emerging Market Hype 389 17.3.3 Procurement Takes over the Outsourcing Function 391 17.4 Current and Future Trends in Outsourcing: From Contribution to Innovation 392 17.4.1 How Has Outsourcing Itself Innovated and What Are the Future Trends? 392 17.4.2 How Does andWill Outsourcing Contribute to Innovation? 394 17.5 Discussion and Conclusion 395 References 398 18 New Innovation Models in Pharmaceutical R&D 401Alexander Schuhmacher, Oliver Gassmann, and Markus Hinder 18.1 Introduction 401 18.2 Some AttemptsThatWere Recommended in the Past 402 18.3 The Increasing Pipeline Size 403 18.4 The Reduction of R&D Investments 404 18.5 The Opening of the R&D Processes 407 18.6 The Challenge with the Return on Investment 411 18.7 Changing the R&D Processes Is Not Enough 412 18.8 What Is the Best R&D Model? 413 References 414 19 The Influence of Leadership Paradigms and Styles on Pharmaceutical Innovation 416Aubyn Howard 19.1 Introduction 417 19.2 What Is Your Concept or Model of Good Leadership? 419 19.3 Approaches to Leadership Modeling and Profiling 420 19.3.1 Personality Types 421 19.3.2 Behavioral Preferences 421 19.3.3 Developmental Stages 421 19.3.4 Competency Frameworks 421 19.4 The Developmental Approach to Leadership Paradigms and Styles 422 19.5 Inner and Outer Leadership 424 19.6 Dynamics of How Leadership Paradigms Evolve 425 19.6.1 Magic–Animistic 426 19.6.2 Impulsive–Egocentric 427 19.6.3 Conformist–Absolutist 428 19.6.4 Achievement–Multiplistic 429 19.6.5 Pluralistic–Relativistic 430 19.6.6 Evolutionary–Systemic 432 19.7 Leadership at Different Levels within Pharma 433 19.8 Optimizing Innovation in Different Organizational Models and Cultures 437 19.9 How DoWe Support the Development of Evolutionary Leaders? 439 19.10 What Does It Mean to Operate from the Evolutionary Paradigm? 440 19.11 Leadership and Personal Mastery 441 19.12 Building an Evolutionary Bridge to Release Innovation 442 19.13 Conclusions 445 References 446 20 The Role of Modern Portfolio Management in Pharma Innovation 449Joachim M. Greuel and Axel Wiest 20.1 Introduction 449 20.2 Challenges in R&D and the Origin of Pharmaceutical Portfolio Management 450 20.3 Goals and Metrics of Portfolio Management 451 20.4 Portfolio Management as Enabler of Innovation 456 20.5 Modern Portfolio Management Integrates In-House R&D, Business Development, and M&A 457 References 458 21 Patent Management Throughout the Innovation Life Cycle 461Martin A. Bader and Oliver Gassmann 21.1 Introduction 461 21.2 The Changing Role of Patents: From Legal to Strategic 462 21.3 The Patent Life Cycle Management Model 467 21.3.1 Exploration 468 21.3.2 Generation 469 21.3.3 Protection 469 21.3.4 Optimization 470 21.3.5 Decline 470 21.4 Example: Managing IP Rights at Bayer 471 21.5 Concluding Remarks 472 References 473 Index 475

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Book SynopsisCes principes directeurs sont le résultat d'une consultation d'experts dirigée conjointement par la FAO et l'OMS en juillet 2019. Ils adoptent une approche holistique des régimes alimentaires et tiennent compte des recommandations nutritionnelles internationales, du coût environnemental de la production et de la consommation alimentaires ainsi que de la capacité d'adaptation aux contextes sociaux, culturels et économiques locaux. L'expression «alimentation saine et durable» a été convenue au cours de la consultation pour englober les deux dimensions de l'alimentation – durabilité et salubrité. Les régimes alimentaires sains et durables sont des modèles alimentaires qui promeuvent toutes les dimensions de la santé et du bien-être des individus, présentent un faible impact environnemental, sont accessibles, abordables et sont culturellement acceptables. Ils visent le bien-être des individus à toutes les étapes de la vie, pour les générations actuelles et futures. Ils contribuent à prévenir la malnutrition sous toutes ses formes et à réduire les risques de maladies non transmissibles liées à l'alimentation, tout en soutenant la préservation de la biodiversité. Ces principes directeurs soulignent le rôle de la consommation et des régimes alimentaires dans la contribution à la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable (ODD) au niveau des pays, en particulier les objectifs 1 (Pas de pauvreté), 2 (Faim zéro), 3 (Bonne santé et bien-être), 4 (Éducation de qualité), 5 (égalité entre les sexes), 12 (consommation et production responsables) et 13 (action pour le climat). Ils sont transcrits sous forme de messages clairs et non techniques à l'usage des gouvernements et d'autres acteurs impliqués dans la prise de décision politique et la communication.

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Book SynopsisAi Hisano reveals how the food industry capitalized on color, fashioning a visual vocabulary that shapes what we think of the food we eat. Our perceptions of what food should look like have changed dramatically as scientists, farmers, food processors, regulators, and marketers established a new, and highly engineered, version of the “natural.”Trade ReviewRichly textured and full of colorful characters, Ai Hisano’s Visualizing Taste shows us that what many consider ‘natural’ about food is in fact historically and culturally constructed. This book highlights how central the history of the senses is to the development of capitalism and modern consumption. Original, fascinating, and eye-opening. -- Daniel Horowitz, author of Happier? The History of a Cultural Movement That Aspired to Transform AmericaAn intriguing analysis that establishes food color as a critical example of how twentieth-century business strategies deployed the human senses. Visualizing Taste makes us think about what color means, to producers and to consumers. -- Susan Strasser, author of Satisfaction Guaranteed: The Making of the American Mass MarketSeeing is believing, right? Not so fast. In this nuanced and highly original history of the ‘capitalism of the senses,’ Ai Hisano shows how the American food industry taught consumers to associate particular food colors with freshness, authenticity, and safety. In colonizing perception to suit business needs, food marketers radically changed the way we think about nature, health, beauty, and truth itself. -- Warren Belasco, author of Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took On the Food IndustryVisualizing Taste makes a major contribution to business history and the history of the senses by investigating the multiple factors, including government regulation, that have shaped the visual presentation of today’s comestibles. Through Ai Hisano’s critical interrogation of the color code, this book will refresh your palate. -- David Howes, Concordia UniversityHisano’s book provides a compelling historical perspective on contemporary debates on sensory marketing and branding. -- John Quelch, Miami Business SchoolHisano examines how the appearance of everyday foods has changed from 1870 to 1970 in the United States…Natural dyes were common before synthetic alternatives offered an extensive spectrum of artificial colors. This fundamentally changed not only the color of processed foods like Jell-O and meats but also of fresh foods like fruits and vegetables—all at the behest of corporate interests. The author reveals the irony that growers, producers, and retailers redefined these ‘artificial’ colors as ‘fresh’ and ‘natural.’ -- Barkha Kagliwal * Technology and Culture *

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Book SynopsisThe global electronics industry is one of the most innovation-driven and technology-intensive sectors in the contemporary world economy. From semiconductors to end products, complex transnational production and value-generating activities have integrated diverse macro-regions and national economies worldwide into the "interconnected worlds" of global electronics. This book argues that the current era of interconnected worlds started in the early 1990s when electronics production moved from systems dominated by lead firms in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan towards increasingly globalized and cross-macro-regional electronics manufacturing centered in East Asia. By the 2010s, this co-evolution of production network complexity transformed global electronics, through which lead firms from South Korea, Taiwan, and China integrated East Asia into the interconnected worlds of electronics production across the globe. Drawing on literature on the electronics industry, new empirical material comprising custom datasets, and extensive personal interviews, this book examines through a "network" approach the co-evolution of globalized electronics production centered in East Asia across different national economies and sub-national regions. With comprehensive analysis up to 2021, Yeung analyzes the geographical configurations ("where"), organizational strategies ("how"), and causal drivers ("why") of global production networks, setting a definitive benchmark into the dynamic transformations in global electronics and other globalized industries. The book will serve as a crucial resource for academic and policy research, offering a conceptual, empirically driven grounding in the theory of these networks that has become highly influential across the social sciences.Trade Review"Henry Wai-chung Yeung provides a comprehensive and fascinating analysis of the decisive role of global production networks in driving the shift of global electronics industry to East Asia in the early 21st century. The book features rich and detailed firm level data, an excellent resource for both teaching and research. It is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the dominance of East Asia in the industry."—Yuqing Xing, Professor of Economics, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies"Henry Wai-chung Yeung's highly original and insightful book provides us understanding of a deeper and wider form of global production integration than that of global value chains. These are interconnected worlds of global production. The interdependencies that he captures shed light on new possibilities for global development, but also deep challenges and risks for global development policy, as well as global business."—Michael Storper, Professor of Economic Geography, London School of Economics; Distinguished Professor of Regional and International Development, UCLA"From startling revelations about the centrality of semiconductors in modern manufacturing to current debates on deglobalization, decoupling and the reshoring of global supply chains, the electronics industry has moved to center stage in public awareness. Interconnected Worlds could not be more timely in unpacking the regional roots of global electronics and bridging academic, firm strategy and policy domains."—Gary Gereffi, Emeritus Professor and Director of the Global Value Chains Center at Duke University, Durham, NC"This book is Yeung's remarkable update on his long-time study on electronic industry in Asia and the globe, comprising semi-conductors, cell phones, PCs and displays. It reflects his intellectual journey from his early focus on inter-national political economy to a new network approach on inter-firm and intra-firm production activities across national boundaries. It is timely and extremely helpful to understand the nature of the disruptions in global value chains since the US-China trade conflicts and the Covid-19, and also to derive effective responses to them."—Keun Lee, Distinguished Professor, Seoul National University; winner of the 2014 Schumpeter Prize"Yeung [has] made a significant contribution to our understanding of how the globe's most important technology-based industries are evolving."—Robert Huggins and Andrew Johnston, Eurasian Geography and Economics"[Interconnected Worlds] offers an empirical, grounded study that will inform research on the reconfiguration of global electronics production networks in the decades to follow... No doubt it will represent a 'benchmark for assessing changes in the early 2020s and beyond'."—Chun Yang, Regional Studies"Interconnected Worlds makes an excellent contribution to explaining the evolution of electronics GPNs by the integration of companies in East Asian [sic] or, alternatively, by tracking the shift of electornics GPNs to East Asia. It is a thorough and exhaustive piece of work and easily the most complete analysis of the electronics sector in East Asia and its integration with electronics GPNs."—Seamus Grimes, Economic GeographyTable of Contents1. Worlds of Electronics: From National Innovations to Global Production 2. Changing Fortunes in Global Electronics: A Brief History 3. Global Production Networks: A Theory of Interconnected Worlds 4. Geographical Configurations of Global Electronics Centered in East Asia 5. Firm Strategies and Organizational Innovations in Production Networks 6. Explaining Production Networks: Causal Drivers and Competitive Dynamics 7. Whither (De-)Globalized Electronics Production in the 2020s? Current Trajectories and Future Agendas

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Book SynopsisThrough the lens of Chinese food, the authors address recent theories in social science concerning cultural identity, ethnicity, boundary formation, consumerism and globalization, and the invention of local cuisine in the context of rapid culture change in East and Southeast Asia.

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Book SynopsisFew entrepreneurs can claim to have actually changed the way we live, but Ray Kroc is one of them. His revolutions in food service automation, franchising, shared national training and advertising have earned him a place beside the men who founded not merely businesses but entire new industries. This book tells his story.

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Book SynopsisIn this thoroughly updated second edition, Matthias Herdegen provides a comprehensive and contemporary assessment of the regulation of biotechnology processes and products from an international and comparative perspective, complete with analysis of intricate legal and ethical debates.Trade Review‘The 2nd edition of this magisterial work remains an essential reference work on the international law of biotechnology, now updated with the latest developments. The book is and remains a must-read for anyone interested in biotechnology law and a valuable reference guide for experts working in this field.’ -- Prof. Dr. Claudia Seitz, M.A. (London), Professor for Public Law, European Law, International Law and Life Sciences Law at the Faculty of Law of the Private University in the Principality of LiechtensteinTable of ContentsContents: Preface 1. Introduction: regulation of biotechnology, between anxieties and trust in scientific progress 2. Law and ethics: an intriguing interplay 3. Risks, perceptions and the law: regulatory approaches to risk 4. The biotech challenge to human dignity, life and freedom of choice: human rights 5. From test tube babies to human clones: salient issues in the international law of biomedicine 6. GMOs, crops and precaution: biotechnology and international protection of the environment 7. Combating biopiracy: access to genetic resources 8. Phantom risks and legitimate concerns: biotechnology and international trade law 9. Inventors’ claims to life: intellectual property rights and biotechnological inventions 10. Conclusion: legal values, individual rights and democratic choices in a pluralist world Index

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Book SynopsisFrom the minute it opened-on Christmas Day in 1865-it was Chicago's must-see tourist attraction, drawing more than half a million visitors each year. Families, visiting dignitaries, even school groups all made trips to the South Side to tour the Union Stock Yard. There they got a firsthand look at the city's industrial prowess as they witnessed cattle, hogs, and sheep disassembled with breathtaking efficiency. At their height, the kill floors employed 50,000 workers and processed six hundred animals an hour, an astonishing spectacle of industrialized death. Slaughterhouse tells the story of the Union Stock Yard, chronicling the rise and fall of an industrial district that, for better or worse, served as the public face of Chicago for decades. Dominic A. Pacyga is a guide like no other-he grew up in the shadow of the stockyards, spent summers in their hog house and cattle yards, and maintains a long-standing connection with the working-class neighborhoods around them. Pacyga takes readers through the packinghouses as only an insider can, covering the rough and toxic life inside the plants and their lasting effects on the world outside. He shows how the yards shaped the surrounding neighborhoods and controlled the livelihoods of thousands of families. He looks at the Union Stock Yard's political and economic power and its sometimes volatile role in the city's race and labor relations. And he traces its decades of mechanized innovations, which introduced millions of consumers across the country to an industrialized food system. Although the Union Stock Yard closed in 1971, the story doesn't end there. Pacyga takes readers to present day, showing how the manufacturing spirit lives on. Ironically, today the site of the legendary stockyard stench is now home to some of Chicago's most successful green agriculture companies. Marking the hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the stockyards, Slaughterhouse is an engrossing story of one of the most important-and deadliest-square miles in American history.

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Book SynopsisJunkers Military Aircraft of World War Two

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Book SynopsisThis is a story of how work gets done. It is also a study of how field service technicians talk about their work and how that talk is instrumental in their success. In his innovative ethnography, Julian E. Orr studies the people who repair...Trade ReviewHow ironic, at an historic moment when technology has assumed a taken-for-granted status in the workplace, that scholarship on organizations, work, and technology has only recently begun to find its feet. With this splendid ethnography of work practices by technicians who service photocopy machines, Julian Orr has made a major incursion into this territory, producing a volume that bridges disciplinary boundaries by joining the literature of organizations, occupations, and work with that of science and technology studies. -- Diane Vaughn * Administrative Science Quarterly *This book should be of value to anyone interested in studies of work practice, and to those who study technical work in particular. -- Bonalyn J. Nelsen * Industrial and Labor Relations Review *

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Book SynopsisAn engaging critical account of the aviation industry, which debunks a number of misconceptions and self-justifying myths.Trade Review'The air industry is a huge lobby but Rose Bridger has produced a book that punctures their dangerous lies' -- Derek Wall, International coordinator of the Green Party of England and Wales'Truly comprehensive in its global perspective and illustrates the stark reality of the impact of the rapid growth in aviation' -- Liz Mason, Teaching Fellow in International Business, Leeds University'At the cutting edge of understanding new perspectives on Green economics. A massively helpful contribution to the literature on aviation, and industry in general, giving valuable insight into how we all end up paying for the follies of large industrial concerns and networks' -- Miriam Kennet, Director of the Green Economics Institute'There is a lot more at stake in arguments about aviation than appears at first sight. This book is a guide to the wider issues: how airports shape food supply, international trade flows, government bailouts, and the future of the climate' -- Prof. Victor Anderson, Global Sustainability Institute, Anglia Ruskin University'A treasure trove that will shock and surprise with much jaw dropping material about the rapidly expanding and much subsidised world of airports, air travel and freight and their impact on climate change, biofuel demand, and much more' -- Geoff Tansey, writer, Joseph Rowntree Visionary for a Just and Peaceful World, Trustee of Food Ethics Council'A veritable 'vade mecum' of the sins of the aviation industry, with the references all lined up standing at attention. Indeed if the aviation bosses were in court with you as the prosecuting counsel, they would all receive long terms in prison' -- Brendon Sewill, author of 'Tangled Wings: Gatwick seen through green-tinted glasses', and chair of the Gatwick Area Conservation CampaignTable of ContentsAcronyms/ Glossary Introduction 1. The Future of Flight 2. Feeding the Fuel Tanks 3. Local Environmental Impacts 4. Threats to Wildlife & Farmland 5. Green Garnish 6. Air Cargo 7. Industrial Cargo 8. Arms, Aid & Accidents 9. Concrete & Overcapacity 10. Counting the Costs 11. Real Estate & Revenue Streams 12. How Aviation Keeps Growing Appendix Notes Index

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Book SynopsisEverything you need to know about the most important trend in the history of the world Within most people''s lifetimes, the developments in the biotechnology sector will allow us to live increasingly long and healthy lives, as well as provide us with technological innovations that will transform the way we live. But these innovations offer more than just hope for a better life, but hope for better returns too. Financial returns of incredible magnitude await savvy investors and businesspeople who can see the massive changes on the horizon. This book details these fast-moving trends and innovations and offers extensive advice on how to profit from them in business and investing.Table of ContentsAcknowledgements ix Introduction xi Chapter One Transformational Technologies 1 Futurists and Scientists Look into the Future 1 The Convergence of Technology and Biology 13 Chapter Two The Evolution of Medicine and the Emergence of Biopharma 23 From Atoms to Cells to Living Organisms 24 The History of the Pharmaceutical Industry 36 Chapter Three The Drug Industry – Reinventing the Model 55 Big Pharma, Biopharma 59 Drug Patents 73 The Path to Riches: FDA Approval 79 In Summary 84 Chapter Four Curing Disease – Promising Prospects in the Main Therapeutic Areas 87 Cancer – Step by Step, Being Beaten 89 Infectious Diseases: New Antibiotics, Hepatitis and HIV Drugs Make for a Fast-growing Sector 107 Obesity and its Evil Sisters: Type 2 Diabetes and Kidney Disease 118 The Heart of the Matter – Biggest Killer on the Prowl 128 Fading into the Night – Neurodegeneration, Rheumatology and Multiple Sclerosis 132 Respiratory Disease – New Drugs: A Breath of Fresh Air 143 Rare Diseases and Rare Profits 146 Drugs for Pain and for the Central Nervous System 150 The Best of the Rest – Ophthalmology, Dermatology, Gastrointestinal and Bone Disease 153 Chapter Five Turning Back the Clock – Stem Cells, Genomics, Gene Therapy and Regeneration 157 Stem Cells 166 Gene Therapy and Nano Medicine 170 Organ Growth in and out of the Body 178 Chapter Six Demographic Changes 181 The Working Age Labour Pool in the World is Shrinking 191 Can Immigration Solve the Labour Shortage in the Developed World? 193 The Social Impact of an Ageing Population 195 The United States is the Best Positioned Developed Country 196 Support Ratios Have Been Plummeting 197 China’s Grey Future 198 What Can Governments Do To Avoid Their Country Becoming a Nursing Home? 200 Chapter Seven Bioscience’s Disruptive Influences 205 Insurance and Healthcare 206 Real Estate 210 Politics 211 Geopolitics 211 Retail Goods and Services 212 The Food Industry 213 The Investment Industry 214 The Law 215 Shortage of Young People in Developed Nations 217 Chapter Eight Robotics and Nanotechnology 219 Robotics 219 Surgical Procedures/Surgical Assistance 220 Medical Monitor/Nurse 223 Housemaid/Domestic Assistance 228 Companion/Pet 229 Nanotechnology 232 Chapter Nine Lifestyle Maintenance 235 It’s a Fact: Obesity Shortens Your Life 235 Extending Life Expectancy 237 Common Traits of People who Live the Longest 239 A “Cure” to Ageing 240 Telomeres – Our Biological Clock 244 Chapter Ten Investment in Biopharma – Chasing Those Money Fountains 247 Conservative Portfolio 279 Balanced Portfolio 280 Speculative Portfolio 281 Company Overviews 282 Summary 305 Glossary 315 Appendix – Key Financial Charts of Big Pharma 325 References 327 Bibliography 329 Index 331

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Book SynopsisThe Pharmaceutical Studies Reader is an engaging survey of the field that brings together provocative, multi-disciplinary scholarship examining the interplay of medical science, clinical practice, consumerism, and the healthcare marketplace.Trade Review"...provides an in-depth look at the machinery that enables the continued expansion of pharmaceutical products, markets, and subjects." - Ellen Rubinstein for Anthropology Book Forum, Anthropology NewsTable of ContentsAcknowledgements vii 1 Introduction 1Jeremy A. Greene and Sergio Sismondo Part I Pharmaceutical Lives 17 2 The Pharmaceuticalisation of Society? A Framework for Analysis 19Simon J. Williams, Paul Martin and Jonathan Gabe 3 Pharmaceutical Witnessing: Drugs for Life in an Era of Direct]to]Consumer Advertising 33Joseph Dumit Part II New Drugs, Diseases, and Identities 49 4 Releasing the Flood Waters: Diuril and the Reshaping of Hypertension 51Jeremy A. Greene 5 DepRession and ConsumŠtion: Psychopharmaceuticals, Branding, and New Identity Practices 70Nathan Greenslit 6 BiDil: Medicating the Intersection of Race and Heart Failure 87Anne Pollock 7 Manufacturing Desire: The Commodification of Female Sexual Dysfunction 106Jennifer R. Fishman Part III Drugs and the Circulation of Medical Knowledge 121 8 Following the Script: How Drug Reps Make Friends and Influence Doctors 123Adriane Fugh]Berman and Shahram Ahari 9 Getting to Yes: Corporate Power and the Creation of a Psychopharmaceutical Blockbuster 133Kalman Applbaum 10 Pushing Knowledge in the Drug Industry: Ghost]Managed Science 150Sergio Sismondo 11 Transcultural Medicine: A Multi]Sited Ethnography on the Scientific]Industrial Networking of Korean Medicine 165Jongyoung Kim Part IV Political and Moral Economies of Pharmaceutical Research 179 12 Uncommon Trajectories: Steroid Hormones, Mexican Peasants, and the Search for a Wild Yam 181Gabriela Soto Laveaga 13 “Ready]to]Recruit” or “Ready]to]Consent” Populations? Informed Consent and the Limits of Subject Autonomy 195Jill A. Fisher 14 Clinical Trials Offshored: On Private Sector Science and Public Health 208Adriana Petryna 15 The Experimental Machinery of Global Clinical Trials: Case Studies from India 222Kaushik Sunder Rajan Part V Intellectual Property in Local and Global Markets 235 16 Intellectual Property and Public Health: Copying of HIV/AIDS Drugs by Brazilian Public and Private Pharmaceutical Laboratories 237Maurice Cassier and Marilena Correa 17 Global Pharmaceutical Markets and Corporate Citizenship: The Case of Novartis’ Anti]Cancer Drug Glivec 247Stefan Ecks 18 Generic Medicines and the Question of the Similar 261Cori Hayden Index 268

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Book SynopsisWhat combination of factors facilitates a breakthrough, and how does the recipe change over time?Trade ReviewAppetite for Innovation offers a backstage view of one of the world's most interesting restaurants, its remarkable laboratory, and the foundation that was created after Ferran Adria made the unusual decision to close his hugely successful restaurant. M. Pilar Opazo was afforded unusually close access, and her insider account is rich and intriguing. The processual view of innovation is useful, as it highlights the many elements that are needed to be galvanized in support of an expansive vision. -- Walter W. Powell, Stanford University Opazo gives us the inside story of elBulli, a restaurant whose climb to global influence mirrors the culture of today's innovation economy, and its charismatic chef Ferran Adria, whose passion for creating a new cuisine is driven as much by science as by art. This book will fascinate all kinds of innovators and entrepreneurs-and those who want to understand how a creative organization works. -- Sharon Zukin, author of Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places Itself an exemplar of creativity and innovation, Appetite for Innovation opens elBulli to reveal the systematic structures and practices that brought world renown to a small restaurant in the mountains of Spain. A beautifully written, analytically sharp ethnography, Opazo's book is a must-read for organizations of all kinds, scholars, chefs, entrepreneurs, culture specialists, and foodies everywhere. -- Diane Vaughan, Columbia University The tendency when discussing the success of elBulli has been simply to proclaim the genius of chef Ferran Adria, but Opazo shows that genius is not enough. To have an impact beyond a narrow coterie requires a disciplined and organized inventory of accomplishments and the ability to win over adherents. She thus reveals the infrastructure of success and the paradoxical relationship between willingness to destroy previous accomplishments and practices to push forward an unstable creativity. -- Paul Freedman, Yale University Innovation? Creativity? Opazo poses the perennially vexatious question of their relationship. The answers that this illuminating study suggests bear both on the sociology of organizations and the organization of creativity. In an ethnographic investigation of Ferran Adria's celebrated restaurant, Opazo brings to bear the sociologist's attention to social structure, the historian's understanding of archives, and the journalist's feel for the striking detail. Appetite for Innovation is as great a pleasure to read as it is profitable to contemplate. -- Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson, Columbia University Working at the creative intersection of organizational sociology, and sociology of knowledge and culture, Opazo provides a sharp framing of the routinization of innovation and charisma at elBulli, the highest ranked restaurant in the over-heated world of haute cuisine. In the process she pushes the ethnography of the commercial kitchen towards the study of scientific laboratories and art worlds, investigating their epistemic practices, organizational innovations and creative rhetorics. Appetite for Innovation is a terrific book to study and teach organizational innovation and field transformation. -- Krishnendu Ray, New York University, president of the Association for the Study of Food and Society, and author of The Ethnic Restaurateur Opazo has written a fascinating organizational and business analysis of the restaurant and, in the process, produced an insightful account of how a culture of innovation can be achieved and sustained. Forbes.com Opazo examines elBulli with a sharp sociological eye, creating a detailed case study in what she calls the 'production of innovation.' -- Theodore Kinni Strategy + Business Opazo's investigation will engage anyone interested in the intersection of business, creativity and organizational behaviour. -- Sarah Murdoch The Toronto StarTable of ContentsAcknowledgments Introduction 1. Context and Vision 2. From Chaos to Order: ElBulli's System of Continuous Innovation 3. Diffusion and Institutionalization of Innovation 4. The Bittersweet Taste of Relentless Innovation 5. Cooking Up a New Organization Conclusion Notes References Appendix Index

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Book SynopsisSony vs. Samsung is business history at its best! It explores the divergent fortunes of these two electronics giants in the last decade and identifies the true reasons behind Sony''s decline and Samsung''s rise. Contrary to popular belief, Chang shows that success (or failure) does not simply arise from different strategies. Rather, it emerges from major decisions that are deeply rooted in the companies'' organizational processes and their executives'' political behavior. This book is a must-read for any senior executive. Constantinos Markides, Robert P. Bauman Professor of Strategic Leadership and Chairman, Strategy Department, London Business School Sea-Jin Chang has produced that rarity in a business book--one that is as valuable to practicing managers as it is insightful to academic researchers. In this fascinating comparison of two modern global giants, he applies his high resolution research microscope to their changing fortunes by dissecting their contrasTable of ContentsPreface. Chapter 1. Sony and Samsung: Portraits of Two Global Competitors. Part 1: Strategic Analysis. Chapter 2. Prince and Pauper in the Analog World. Chapter 3. Digital Dream Kids and the Digital Sashimi Shop. Chapter 4. New Kids on the Block. Chapter 5. Wannabe Globals. Part 2: Organizational Process and Leadership. Chapter 6. Same Silos but Different Outcomes. Chapter 7. From Founders to Professionals Managers. Chapter 8. The Future of Sony and Samsung Electronics. Endnotes. Glossary. Index.

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Book SynopsisIn 1962, Masahiro Shima founded Shima Seiki, with the aim of developing a fully automated seamless glove-knitting machine. Following this success, the company expanded into flat knitting machines. However, the age of the computer brought a whole new era for Shima Seiki. By committing to computerization in its mainstream products, Shima Seiki gradually began to stand apart from its competitors. Shima Seiki's focus on computer-aided knit design and programming, in fact led to a revolution in the fashion industry. Written by the inventor himself, this book looks at how Masahiro Shima developed both the technology and philosophy to enable his company to be market leaders in industrial knitting machines - and fundamentally change the fashion industry. This culminated in the launch of the company's Wholegarment knitting machine in 1995, which altered forever the way knitted garments are produced, and which today is used by fashion manufacturers across the world.

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Book SynopsisPharmaceutical Economics begins with an investigation of the structure of the industry and its three main components: the research firms which produce innovative products;Table of ContentsContents: Acknowledgements Introduction Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy William S. Comanor and Stuart O. Schweitzer with Karleen Giannitrapani PART I THE INDUSTRY A The Structure of the Industry 1. Patricia M. Danzon, Andrew Epstein and Sean Nicholson (2007), ‘Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industries’ B Patented Pharmaceuticals and Innovation 2. Iain Cockburn and Rebecca Henderson (1994), ‘Racing to Invest? The Economics of Competition in Ethical Drug Discovery’ 3. William S. Comanor (2007), ‘The Economics of Research and Development in the Pharmaceutical Industry’ 4. Joseph A. DiMasi, Ronald W. Hansen, Henry G. Grabowski and Louis Lasagna (1991), ‘Cost of Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry’ 5. Rebecca Henderson and Iain Cockburn (1996), ‘Scale, Scope, and Spillovers: The Determinants of Research Productivity in Drug Discovery’ 6. F.M. Scherer (2001), ‘The Link between Gross Profitability and Pharmaceutical R&D Spending’ 7. Patricia M. Danzon, Sean Nicholson and Nuno Sousa Pereira (2005), ‘Productivity in Pharmaceutical-Biotechnology R&D: The Role of Experience and Alliances’ 8. Henry Grabowski, John Vernon and Joseph A. Di Masi (2002), ‘Returns on Research and Development for 1990s New Drug Introductions’ 9. Mark Duggan and Fiona Scott Morton (2010), ‘The Effect of Medicare Part D on Pharmaceutical Prices and Utilization’ 10. Frank R. Lichtenberg (2003), ‘Pharmaceutical Innovation, Mortality Reduction, and Economic Growth’ 11. Bernard Munos (2009), ‘Lessons from 60 Years of Pharmaceutical Innovation’ C The Generic Drug Industry 12. Richard E. Caves, Michael D. Whinston and Mark A. Hurwitz (1991), ‘Patent Expiration, Entry, and Competition in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry’ 13. Henry Grabowski (2007), ‘Competition between Generic and Branded Drugs’ 14. Fiona M. Scott Morton (1999), ‘Entry Decisions in the Generic Pharmaceutical Industry’ 15. Richard G. Frank and David S. Salkever (1997), ‘Generic Entry and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals’ D Biologics 16. Steven Kozlowski, Janet Woodcock, Karen Midthun and Rachel Behrman Sherman (2011), ‘Developing the Nation’s Biosimilars Program’ 17. Scott Gottlieb (2008), ‘Biosimilars: Policy, Clinical, and Regulatory Considerations’ PART II THE DEMAND FOR PHARMACEUTICALS: DEMAND AND INCENTIVES 18. Willard G. Manning, Joseph P. Newhouse, Naihua Duan, Emmett B. Keeler, Arleen Leibowitz and M. Susan Marquis (1987), ‘Health Insurance and the Demand for Medical Care: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment’ 19. Frank R. Lichtenberg and Shawn X. Sun (2007), ‘The Impact of Medicare Part D on Prescription Drug Use by the Elderly’ 20. Meredith B. Rosenthal, Ernst R. Berndt, Julie M. Donahue, Arnold M. Epstein and Richard G. Frank (2003), Demand Effects of Recent Changes in Prescription Drug Promotion 21. Davina C. Ling, Ernst R. Berndt and Margaret K. Kyle (2002), ‘Deregulating Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Prescription Drugs: Effects on Prescription and Over-the-Counter Product Sales’ 22. Michele M. Spence, Stephanie S. Teleki, T. Craig Cheetham, Stuart O. Schweitzer and Mirta Millares (2005), ‘Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of COX-2 Inhibitors: Effect on Appropriateness of Prescribing’ 23. Joel W. Hay (2004), ‘Evaluation and Review of Pharmaeconomic Models’ PART III PRICING 24. Ernst R. Berndt (2002), ‘Pharmaceuticals in U.S. Health Care: Determinants of Quality and Price’ 25. Z. John Lu and William S. Comanor (1998), ‘Strategic Pricing of New Pharmaceuticals’ 26. Jayanta Bhattacharya and William B. Vogt (2003), ‘A Simple Model of Pharmaceutical Price Dynamics’ 27. Stuart O. Schweitzer and William S. Comanor (2011), ‘Prices of Pharmaceuticals in Poor Countries are Much Lower than in Wealthy Countries’ 28. Patricia M. Danzon and Li-Wei Chao (2000), ‘Cross-national Price Differences for Pharmaceuticals: How Large, and Why?’ PART IV REGULATION 29. Daniel Carpenter and Gisela Sin (2007), ‘Policy Tragedy and the Emergence of Regulation: The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938’ 30. Ernst R. Berndt, Robert S. Pindyck and Pierre Azoulay (2003), ‘Consumption Externalities and Diffusion in Pharmaceutical Markets: Antiulcer Drugs’ 31. David Granlund (2010), ‘Price and Welfare Effects of Pharmaceutical Substitution Reform’ 32. Adrian Towse (2007), ‘If It Ain’t Broke, Don’t Price Fix It: The OFT and the PPRS’ 33. Stuart O. Schweitzer (2007), ‘The Timing of Drug Approvals in the United States and Abroad’

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Book SynopsisFounded in 1987 by a former engineer in China's People's Liberation Army (Ren Zhengfei), Huawei Technologies is the world's largest telecoms equipment manufacturer and second only to Apple in smartphones. Its emergence into a multinational with over 175,000 employees all around the world is nothing short of extraordinary. This book delves into the financial workings and systems within Huawei - and the individuals whose craftsmanship and excellence enabled Huawei to expand globally in such impressive terms. Their personal stories tell us about the extraordinary vision, dedication, and perseverance required for companies to establish a robust financial system that supports the growth of a world-class company. Huawei's goal is not just to have profitable income and healthy cash flow. More important is that operating results are sustainable.

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Book SynopsisThe 'bioeconomy' is the idea of an economy based on the sustainable exploitation of biological resources. Within this concept, there is increasing emphasis on issues such as climate change, depletion of natural resources and growing world food needs. The bioeconomy builds on the recognition of advances in technology, particularly in the life sciences, but at the same time covers issues such as innovation management, ecosystem services, development and governance. This book explores the development of the bioeconomy across the world from an economic and policy perspective, as well as identifying potential future pathways and issues. It uses a broad definition, covering all sectors using biological resources except health, and rather than focusing on individual sectors, it explores the breadth of interconnections that make the bioeconomy a new and challenging subject. Divided into two parts, the book initially outlines the current definitions, strategies, policy and economic information related to the world's bioeconomy. The second part describes current economic analysis and research efforts in qualifying and understanding the economics of the bioeconomy. This includes the contributions of technology, research and innovation; driving forces and demand-side economics; supply-side economics, and the role of markets and public policy in matching demand and supply. The political economy, regulation and transitions are considered, as well as the contribution of the bioeconomy to society, including growth, development and sustainability. Key features include: - An analysis of varied international approaches to the bioeconomy. - A joint consideration of biotechnology, agriculture, food energy and bio-materials. - An assessment of sustainability in the bioeconomy. - A comprehensive view of the issues from an economic and policy perspective. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in agricultural and natural resource economics, agricultural and environmental policy, as well as policy-makers, practitioners and economists.Table of Contents1: Introduction and Overview 2: What is the Bioeconomy 3: Technology and Innovation in the Bioeconomy 4: Approaches to (the Economics of) the Bioeconomy 5: Driving Forces and Demand-side Economics 6: Supply-side Economics 7: Matching Demand and Supply: Markets, Policies and Beyond 8: The Political Economy of the Bioeconomy, Regulation, Public Policy and Transition 9: The Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 10: Impact Evaluation and Management Tools 11: At the Boundary of Economics 12: Final Thoughts and Outlook

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Book SynopsisThis book is about change, about its challenges and the talent necessary to drive it through. Specifically, it is about transforming the world's most important and event-shaping industry - aviation. Giovanni Bisignani became Director General of IATA (International Air Transport Association) in June 2002, just after 9/11, which created one of the greatest threats ever to the aviation industry. IATA is the central body of the world's airlines, responsible for its financial ($300 billion/year) clearing system, ticketing, government lobbying, passenger safety policies, landing rights and the future of commercial flying. During his 10 years as Director General, Bisignani implemented and oversaw enormous and controversial changes in aviation. This book is the inside story of the struggle for survival in one of the world's most dynamic industries.

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Book SynopsisDesigned for junior- and senior-level courses in plant and facilities planning and manufacturing systems and procedures, this textbook also is suitable for graduate-level and two-year college courses. The book takes a practical, hands-on, project-oriented approach to exploring the techniques and procedures for developing an efficient facility layout. It also introduces state-of-the-art tools including computer simulation. Access to Layout-iQ workspace planning software is included for purchasers of the book. Theoretical concepts are clearly explained and then rapidly applied to a practical setting through a detailed case study at the end of the volume. The book systematically leads students through the collection, analysis, and development of information to produce a quality functional plant layout for a lean manufacturing environment. All aspects of facility design, from receiving to shipping, are covered. In the sixth edition of this successful book, numerous updates and corrections have been made, and a chapter on engineering cost estimating and analysis has been added. Also, rather than including brief case-in-point examples at the end of each chapter, a single, detailed case study is provided that better exposes students to the multiple considerations that need to be taken into account when improving efficiency in a real manufacturing facility. The textbook has enjoyed substantial international adoptions and has been translated into Spanish and Chinese.Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MANUFACTURING FACILITIES DESIGN AND MATERIAL HANDLING CHAPTER 2: SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR MANUFACTURING FACILITIES DESIGN CHAPTER 3: TIME STUDY CHAPTER 4: PROCESS DESIGN CHAPTER 5: ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS CHAPTER 6: FLOW ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES CHAPTER 7: ERGONOMICS AND WORKSTATION DESIGN SPACE REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER 8: AUXILIARY SERVICES REQUIREMENT SPACE CHAPTER 9: EMPLOYEE SERVICES—SPACE REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER 10: MATERIAL HANDLING CHAPTER 11: MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT CHAPTER 12 OFFICE LAYOUT TECHNIQUES AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS CHAPTER 13: AREA ALLOCATION CHAPTER 14: FACILITIES DESIGN—THE LAYOUT CHAPTER 15: APPLICATION OF COMPUTER SIMULATION AND MODELING CHAPTER 16: ENGINEERING COST ESTIMATING AND ANALYSIS CHAPTER 17: SELLING THE LAYOUT ANSWERS APPENDIX INDEX

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Book SynopsisThe No.1 New York Times BestsellerIn China, for the first time, the people who weigh too much now outnumber those who weigh too little. In Mexico, the obesity rate has tripled in the past three decades. In the UK over 60 per cent of adults and 30 per cent of children are overweight, while the United States remains the most obese country in the world.We are hooked on salt, sugar and fat. These three simple ingredients are used by the major food companies to achieve the greatest allure for the lowest possible cost. Here, Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter Michael Moss exposes the practices of some of the most recognisable (and profitable) companies and brands of the last half century. He takes us inside the labs where food scientists use cutting-edge technology to calculate the bliss point' of sugary drinks. He unearths marketing campaigns designed in a technique adapted from the tobacco industry to redirect concerns about the health risks of their products, and reveals how the makers of processed foods have chosen, time and again, to increase consumption and profits, while gambling with our health.Are you ready for the truth about what's in your shopping basket?Trade ReviewMichael Moss has brilliantly exposed the systematic venality of Big Food. This book will confirm all your worst suspicions about the lengths big food companies go to to keep us hooked on junk. * Joanna Blythman, bestselling author of Shopped and Bad Food Britain *What happens when one of the country’s great investigative reporters infiltrates the most disastrous cartel of modern times: a processed food industry that’s making a fortune by slowly poisoning an unwitting population? You get this terrific, powerfully written book, jammed with startling disclosures, jaw-dropping confessions and, importantly, the charting of a path to a better, healthier future. This book should be read by anyone who tears a shiny wrapper and opens wide. That’s all of us. * Ron Suskind, Pulitzer Prize–winning author of Confidence Men: Wall Street, Washington, and the Education of a President *A mouth-watering, gut-wrenching look at the food we hate to love * Publishers Weekly *A shocking, galvanising manifesto against the corporations manipulating nutrition to fatten their bottom line—one of the most important books of the year * Kirkus Reviews, starred review *In this meticulously researched book, Michael Moss tells the chilling story of how the food giants have seduced everyone in this country. He understands a vital and terrifying truth: that we are not just eating fast food when we succumb to the siren song of sugar, fat, and salt. We are fundamentally changing our lives—and the world around us. * Alice Waters *

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Book SynopsisIn this wide-ranging account, Robert DuPlessis examines globally sourced textiles that by dramatically altering consumer behaviour, helped create new economies and societies in the early modern world. This deeply researched history of cloth and clothing offers new insights into trade patterns, consumer demand and sartorial cultures that emerged across the Atlantic world between the mid-seventeenth and late-eighteenth centuries. As a result of European settlement and the construction of commercial networks stretching across much of the planet, men and women across a wide spectrum of ethnicities, social standings and occupations fashioned their garments from materials old and new, familiar and strange, and novel meanings came to be attached to different fabrics and modes of dress. The Material Atlantic illuminates crucial developments that characterised early modernity, from colonialism and slavery to economic innovation and new forms of social identity.Trade Review'DuPlessis examines the interconnection between commerce and colonization in the Atlantic World, 1650–1800. More specifically, he explains the ways in which clothing (wearing, production, styles) offers a lens into the early modern Atlantic World, providing fascinating insights into global consumption, commerce, and integration during that time and place. His exhaustive research includes missionary and official records; postmortem inventories; visual images (woodcuts, paintings, etc.), which provide excellent fuel for an in-depth examination of modernity (and its place in Atlantic World history); and the role of trade and consumption in shaping society and social norms … This sweeping text proves once more how a single item - in this case, textiles - can serve as an important lens into a wider society, adding vitality and clarity to the past. The book is beautifully done; numerous images add much to the text. This in-depth study is a must for those interested in consumption, commerce, and the textile industry. Summing up: essential.' J. Rankin, Choice'The Material Atlantic is an ambitious, wide-ranging, and methodologically original book … In its use of things to understand Europe's colonial encounters, it offers a compelling justification for what has been labeled the 'material turn' in historical scholarship. At the same time, it transforms our understanding of early modern Europe's engagement, both economic and cultural, with the Atlantic as a whole, from the Cape of Good Hope to Hudson's Bay.' John Styles, William and Mary Quarterly'This is a wonderful resource for anyone interested in transnational dimensions of life in the early modern Atlantic World.' Christopher Magra, Journal of World History'A singular study of the patterns, uses, and mores of dress in the Atlantic world of the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries … the author makes a deeply convincing case for treating material culture and sartorial matters as inextricable parts of the social, economic, and cultural history of the Atlantic.' Tamara Walker, William and Mary Quarterly'This wonderfully comprehensive book uses an impressive variety of quantitative and narrative sources, including written texts and pictorial images, to illuminate the connections between producers and consumers in West and West Central Africa; the Cape Colony; British, French , Spanish and Portuguese America; and western Europe and England.' Joan Bristol, Journal of Social History'Robert DuPlessis, in his book The Material Atlantic, examines the circulation of clothing across a wide range of socioeconomic environments scattered throughout the Atlantic world. … DuPlessis paints a highly detailed picture of dress in the early modern Atlantic. He includes a number of helpful images and color prints to illustrate some of these points. … Overall, DuPlessis provides a richly detailed analysis of dress regimes in the Atlantic World, one that covers immigrants and natives, rich and poor, merchants and workers, women and men.' Michael R. Lynn, The Sixteenth Century Journal'Clothing was at the core of these diverse economic and socio-cultural phenomena. The Material Atlantic is primarily about these commercial patterns, their acquisition and uses. … This engaging and profoundly documented account alters and extends the existing scholarship on globalization in the early modern period, the Atlantic world, and consumption. … This wide-ranging history is invaluable to world and socio-cultural historians and their students respectively.' Adel Manai, African Studies Quarterly'The Material Atlantic is admirable. Very few books have succeeded in fulfilling the promises and escaping the potential flaws of Atlantic history to the extent this one does. … It is also both a global and situated history of the Atlantic world … The fact that the book should stimulate more research on material culture in the early Atlantic world is a tribute to its great accomplishment.' Cecile Vidal, H-France'This is a fascinating book and a major accomplishment: although dress is universal (even though some Europeans did not always see Amerindian and African styles as dress), it is often overlooked in historical studies. By bringing cloth and clothing to the fore, DuPlessis has given us a new and remarkable understanding of the Atlantic World and the many groups of people who shaped it.' Joan Bristol, Journal of Social HistoryTable of ContentsIntroduction: fashioning the Atlantic world; 1. Dress regimes at the dawn of the shared Atlantic; 2. Acquiring imported textiles and dress; 3. Redressing the indigenous Americas; 4. Dress under constraint; 5. Dressing free settlers in the 'torrid zone'; 6. Free settler dress in temperate zones; 7. Atlantic dress regimes: fashions and meanings, implications and ironies; Appendices; Bibliography; Index.

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